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Chandipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T07:24:38Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put up a post!

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{About|the assembly constituency in West Bengal, India|1. its namesake village|Chandipur, Purba Medinipur|2. its namesake community development block|Chandipur (community development block)|disambiguation|Chandipur (disambiguation){{!}}Chandipur}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chandipur
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Chandipur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Chandipur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Soham Chakraborty]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]
| constituency_no = 211
| established = 2011
| electors = 2,45,775
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Chandipur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 211 Chandipur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Chandipur (community development block)|Chandipur]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and Benodia, Bivisanpur, Gurgram, Kakra, Mahammadpur I and Mahammadpur II [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Bhagabanpur I]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf| title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 6 August 2015| work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Chandipur Assembly constituency is part of No. 31 [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan=2|Party Affiliation
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Amiya Kanti Bhattacharjee]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Soham Chakraborty]]
|-
| [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| Pijush Kanti Das
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandipur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pijush Kanti Das
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:126047}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Uttam Barik]]
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:105777}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rita Das
|party = CPI(M)
|votes = {{formatnum:6568}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ahmed Sk. Taslim
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:1207}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ayub Khan
|party = Jatiya Unnayan Party (AIMA)
|votes = {{formatnum:675}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:617}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:239394}}
|percentage = 93.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal Legislative Assembly Elections, 2021]]: Chandipur }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Soham Chakraborty]]
|votes = 1,09,770
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pulak Kanti Guria
|votes = 96,298
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Ashis Kumar Guchhait
|votes = 9,837
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,19,591
|percentage = 83%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Chandipur }}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Amiya Kanti Bhattacharjee]]|votes=95,982|percentage=48.52|change=-2.28}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Mangal Chand Pradhan|votes=86,328|percentage=43.64|change=-0.40}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Pijush Das|votes=10,160|percentage=5.14|change=+2.17}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Biswanath Ghorai|votes=1,274|percentage=0.64|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=197,801|percentage=88.51|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandipur<ref name=election2011>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3195-west-bengal-2011/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2011 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=211| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519164946/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=211| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Chandipur| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Chandipur |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Amiya Kanti Bhattacharjee]]
|votes = 88,010
|percentage = 50.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Bidyut Guchait|votes=76,301|percentage=44.04|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Chanchal Maiti|votes=5,149|percentage=2.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Siraj Khan
|votes = 3,780
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=173,240|percentage=91.84|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2011]]

Five Ks

2026-05-05T13:26:42Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put up new pg!

{{short description|Five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times}}
{{Multiple issues|{{redirect-multi|2|Five K's|5 K's|the long-distance track foot race|5000 metres|the long-distance road foot race|5K run|the singular|5K (disambiguation)}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2015}}
{{cleanup lang|date=September 2021}}}}{{Sikh practices}}
[[File:Sikh Articles of Faith.JPG|thumb|right|Kanga, Kara and Kirpan – three of the five Ks]]

In [[Sikhism]], the '''Five Ks''' ({{langx|pa|ਪੰਜ ਕਕਾਰ}}, {{transliteration|pa|Pañj Kakār|}}, {{IPA|pa|ˈpənd͡ʒ.ˈkəˌka:ɾ}}) are five items that [[Guru Gobind Singh]], in 1699, commanded Khalsa Sikhs to wear at all times. They are: [[Kesh (Sikhism)|''kesh'']] ({{Lang|pa|ਕੇਸ਼}}, {{Transliteration|pa|keś}}, unshorn hair and beard since the Sikh decided to keep it), ''[[kangha]] (''{{Lang|pa|ਕੰਘਾ}}, {{Transliteration|pa|kãṅghā}}, a comb for the kesh, usually wood), [[Kara (Sikhism)|''kara'']] ({{Lang|pa|ਕੜਾ}}, {{Transliteration|pa|kaṛā}}, a bracelet, usually made of iron or steel), ''[[kachera|kachhera]]'' ({{Lang|pa|ਕਛੈਰਾ}}, {{Transliteration|pa|kachairā}}, an undergarment), and ''[[kirpan]] (''{{Lang|pa|ਕਿਰਪਾਨ}}, {{Transliteration|pa|kirpān}}, a small curved sword or knife made of iron or steel).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.worldsikh.org/what_is_the_kirpan |title=What is the kirpan? |newspaper=World Sikh Organization of Canada |access-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114654/http://www.worldsikh.org/what_is_the_kirpan |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Five Ks are not just symbols, but articles of faith that collectively form the external identity and the Khalsa devotee's commitment to the ''Sikh rehni,'' 'Sikh way of life'.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.amritsar.com/The%20Five%20K.shtml | title=The Five K's | access-date=October 9, 2012 | archive-date=July 22, 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722014942/http://www.amritsar.com/The%20Five%20K.shtml | url-status=live }}</ref> A Sikh who has taken [[Amrit Sanchar|Amrit]] and keeps all five Ks is known as ''[[Khalsa]]'' ('pure') or ''Amritdhari Sikh'' ('Amrit Sanskar participant'), a Sikh who has not taken Amrit but follows the teachings of the [[Guru Granth Sahib|Sri Guru Granth Sahib]] is called a ''[[Sahajdhari Sikh]]''.

Three of the Ks, namely the ''kirpan'', ''kara'', and ''kachera'', can be traced back earlier to [[Guru Hargobind]], who required his warriors to wear them.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Pashaura |title=The Routledge Companion to the Life and Legacy of Guru Hargobind: Sovereignty, Militancy, and Empowerment of the Sikh Panth |date=9 August 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040106327 |pages=240 |chapter=8 Narrating the Person: Images of the Guru |doi=10.4324/9781003505976-8}}</ref>

==''Kesh''==
{{Main|Kesh (Sikhism)|l1 = Kesh}}

[[File:Sikh man, Agra 10.jpg|thumb|A Sikh man having Kesh(hairs) of long beard and head hairs, wearing a [[turban]]]]

The ''kesh,'' also known as "kesa", or uncut, long hair, is considered by Sikhs to be an indispensable part of the human body. It also emulates the appearance of [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and is one of the primary signs by which a Sikh can be clearly and quickly identified. A Sikh never cuts or trims any hair as a symbol of respect for the perfection of God's creation. The uncut long hair and the [[beard]], in the case of men, form the main {{Transliteration|pa|kakār}} for Sikhs.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/customs/fiveks.shtml | title=The Five Ks | publisher=bbc.co.uk | access-date=October 9, 2012 | archive-date=September 28, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928113912/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/customs/fiveks.shtml | url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[turban]] is a spiritual crown, which is a constant reminder to the Sikh that they are sitting on the throne of consciousness and are committed to living according to Sikh principles. Guru Gobind Singh told his Sikhs:
<blockquote>"''Khalsa mero roop hai khaas. Khalsa mai ho karo nivaas''... The ''Khalsa'' is my image. Within the ''Khalsa'' I reside."<ref>[https://www.sikhdharma.org/khalsa-wearing-five-ks/ As Khalsa, Wearing the Five K’s] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618175235/https://www.sikhdharma.org/khalsa-wearing-five-ks/ |date=2018-06-18 }}; Posted March 30, 2016 by Sikh Dharma International</ref> Wearing a turban declares sovereignty, dedication, self-respect, courage and piety.</blockquote>

A noted figure in Sikh history is [[Bhai Taru Singh]], who was martyred when he refused to get his ''kesh'' cut.

==''Kangha''==
{{Main|Kangha (Sikhism)|l1 = Kangha}}

[[File:Wooden kanga comb (Sikhism article of faith).JPG|thumb|right|Kangha – one of the five articles of faith for the Sikhs]]

{{quotation|Comb the hair twice a day, covering it with turban that is to be tied from fresh.|Tankhanama Bhai Nand Lal Singh<ref name="Tankh">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5FbCAAAQBAJ&q=Tankhanama+Bhai+Nand+Lal+Singh&pg=PA26 | title=Sikh Code of Conduct | publisher=Akaal Publishers; 4th Revised edition | author=Singh, Harjinder | year=2015 | location=English | pages=26 | isbn=978-0955458743}}</ref> }}

A [[Kangha (Sikhism)|''kanga'']] is a medium-sized wooden comb that Sikhs use twice a day. It is supposed to be worn only in the hair and at all times. Combs help to clean and remove tangles from the hair and are a symbol of cleanliness. Combing their hair reminds Sikhs that their lives should be tidy and organized.

The comb keeps the hair tidy, a symbol of not just accepting what God has given, but also an injunction to maintain it with grace. The Guru Granth Sahib said hair should be allowed to grow naturally; this precludes any shaving for both men and women. In the Guru's time, some holy men let their hair become tangled and dirty. The Guru said that this was not right; that hair should be allowed to grow but it should be kept clean and combed at least twice a day.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Singh |first=Birinder Pal |title=Dakhani Sikh identity and the religious space(s) in Nanded (Maharashtra) |date=2019-09-05 |work=Spaces and Places in Western India |pages=204–219 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429343698-13 |access-date=2024-04-01 |publisher=Routledge India}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Bhupinder |date=2014-01-02 |title=The Five Symbols of Sikhism: Some Contemporary Issues |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448727.2014.882181 |journal=Sikh Formations |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=105–172 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2014.882181 |issn=1744-8727|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
{{-}}

==''Kara''==
{{Main|Kara (Sikhism)|l1 = Kara}}

[[Image:Kara (Sikhism).jpg|thumb|right|Kara – one of the five articles of faith for the Sikhs]]

The Sikhs were commanded by Guru Gobind Singh at the Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar in 1699 to wear an iron bracelet called a ''Kara'' at all times. The ''kara'' is a constant reminder that whatever a person does with their hands has to be in keeping with the advice given by the Guru. The ''kara'' is an iron/steel circle to symbolize God as never-ending. It is a symbol of permanent bonding to the community, of being a link in the chain of Khalsa Sikhs (the word for link is Ka''ri'').
The kara should be of a cheap metal, such as iron or steel, to show equality and so that nobody can be shown as more important than anybody else with the material of their kara.<ref name=":0" />
{{-}}

==''Kachera''==
{{Main|Kacchera}}

[[File:Kachera.jpg|thumb|A Sikh wearing Kachera, after taking bath in the holy (perceived) water tank (Sarovar) at Golden Temple Amritsar.]]
[[File:Kaccha.JPG|thumb|Kachhera]]

{{Quotation|ਸੀਲ ਜਤ ਕੀ ਕਛ ਪਹਿਰਿ ਪਕਿੜਓ ਹਿਥਆਰਾ ॥ The sign of true chastity is the Kachhera, you must wear this and hold weapons in hand.|Bhai Gurdas Singh, Var. 41, pauri 15}}

The ''Kachera'' is a [[shalwar kameez|shalwar]]-[[underwear]] with a tie-knot worn by [[Amrit Sanskar|baptised]] Sikhs. Originally, the ''Kachhera'' was made part of the five Ks as a symbol of a Sikh soldier's willingness to be ready at a moment's notice for battle or for defense. The confirmed Sikh (one who has taken the ''Amrit'') wears a ''Kachhera'' every day. Some of them go to the extent of wearing a ''Kachhera'' while bathing, to be ready at a moment's notice, changing into the new one a single leg at a time, so as to have no moment where they are unprepared. Further, this garment allowed the Sikh soldier to operate in combat freely and without any hindrance or restriction, because it was easy to fabricate, maintain, wash, and carry compared to other traditional undergarments of that era, like the [[dhoti]]. The ''Kachhera'' symbolizes self-respect, and always reminds the wearer of mental control over lust, one of the [[Five Evils]] in Sikh philosophy.

The ''Kachera'' follows a generally practical and roomy design. It features an embedded string that circles the waist which can be tightened or loosened as desired and then knotted securely. The ''Kachera'' can be classed between underwear and an outer garment, as in appearance it does not reveal private anatomy, and looks and wears like shorts. As with all of the Five Ks, there is equality between men and women, and so women are also expected to wear it. Considering the hot climate in India, the ''Kachera'' is often worn by men as an outer garment, keeping the wearer cool and being practical in manual work such as farming, but it is generally not considered respectful for women to wear the ''Kachera'' as an outer garment (on its own) as it is considered too revealing.<ref name=":0" />
{{-}}

==''Kirpan''==
{{Main|Kirpan}}

[[File:19th century Indian tulwar sword.JPG|thumb|100px|19th century Indian tulwar sword]]
[[File:Siri Sahib ,one of five symbols of Sikhism , Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur ,Pakistan 05.jpg|thumb|Siri Sahib ,one of five symbols of Sikhism ,Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur ,Pakistan]]

{{Quotation|ਸ਼ਸਤਰ ਹੀਨ ਕਬਹੂ ਨਹਿ ਹੋਈ, ਰਿਹਤਵੰਤ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਸੋਈ ॥Those who never depart their arms, they are the Khalsa with excellent [[Sikh Rehat Maryada|rehats]].|Rehatnama Bhai Desa Singh{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}|title=|source=}}

The ''[[kirpan]]'' is a dagger that symbolises a Sikh's duty to come to the defense of those in peril. All Sikhs should wear the ''kirpan'' on their body at all times as a defensive side-arm, just as a police officer is expected to wear a side-arm when on duty. Its use is only allowed in the act of self-defense and the protection of others. It stands for bravery and protecting the weak and innocent.

The ''kirpan'' is kept sharp and is actually used to defend others, such as those who are oppressed by harsh rulers, or a person who is being robbed, raped, or beaten. The true Sikh cannot turn a blind eye to such evils, thinking that they are "someone else's concern."<ref name=":1" /> It is the duty of the true Sikh to help those who suffer unjustly, by whatever means available, whether that means alerting the police, summoning help, or defending those who cannot defend themselves, even if that means putting oneself in harm's way.<ref name=":0" />

== ''Panj Kapde'' ==
The Five Ks are the bare minimum and are not the full extent of Khalsa uniform; the ''Panj Kapde'' is also part of Khalsa uniform. It is part of the tradition of ''panj kapar''e (five garments), comprising [[Dastar|dastaar]] (turban), ''hazooria'' (long white scarf worn around the neck), long chola (dress), ''kamar-kasaa'' (material tied around the waist like a belt) and ''[[kacchera]]'' (under-garment). Reference to this has been made by [[Varan Bhai Gurdas]] as well. The ''dastaar'' and ''kachera'' are mandatory for Sikhs although more spiritual Sikhs also have the other ''kapde''.

=== ''Dastaar'' ===
A ''[[Dastar|dastār]]'' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: {{Lang|pa|ਦਸਤਾਰ}}, from [[Persian language|Persian]]: {{Lang|fa|دستار}}) which derives from ''dast-e-yār'' or 'the hand of God',{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} is an item of headwear associated with [[Sikhism]], and is an important part of Sikh culture. The word is loaned from Persian through Punjabi. In Persian, the word ''dastār'' can refer to any kind of [[turban]] and replaced the original word for turban, ''dolband'' ({{Lang|fa|دلبند}}), from which the English word is derived.

Among the Sikhs, the ''dastār'' is an article of faith that represents equality, honour, self-respect, courage, spirituality, and piety. The [[Khalsa]] Sikh men and women, who keep the Five Ks, wear the turban to cover their long, uncut hair (''[[Kesh (Sikhism)|kesh]]''). The Sikhs regard the ''dastār'' as an important part of the unique Sikh identity. After the ninth Sikh Guru, [[Guru Tegh Bahadur|Tegh Bahadur]], was sentenced to death by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]], the tenth Sikh Guru created the Khalsa and gave five articles of faith, one of which is unshorn hair, which the ''dastār'' covers.

=== Sikh ''chola'' ===
[[Sikh chola|Sikh ''chola'']] is traditional dress worn by Sikhs. It is a martial attire that gives freedom of movement to a Sikh warrior. Sikh ''chola'' is also unisex attire, and may also be decorated with heavy [[embroidery]] all over it. It is meant to be either yellow, white or electric blue with many pockets to hold matchlocks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battles by Guru Gobind Singh - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia. |url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Battles_by_Guru_Gobind_Singh |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.sikhiwiki.org |quote=Bhai Daya Singh and Ude Singh walked in front of the Guru, Mohkam Singh and Sahib Singh on his right, the second batch of baptized Sikhs on his left. His sons Ajit Singh and Jujhar Singh followed with bows and arrows. Then came Bhai Himmat Singh carrying ammunition and matchlocks}}</ref> and other weapons.

=== ''Kamar kasa'' ===
''Kamar kasa'' is a sash bound around the waist to hold weapons an essential part of [[Nihang]] (Sikh warrior) dress. It is also called ''cumberband'', ''belt'', ''waist sash'', or ''waistband''. The Kamar kasa is meant to be yellow if wearing a blue chola or blue if wearing a white chola.

=== ''Hazooria'' ===
[[File:Sikhs with chakrams.jpg|thumb|Nihang Sikhs wearing ''chakrams'']]
A ''hazooria'' (scarf) is a sign of humility which is grasped during the [[Ardās]]. It is a constant reminder of surrendering one's mind to the Guru, along with the five Ks. A ''hazooria'' is practical: it helps one keep ''suchamta'' (cleanliness) during ''[[Seva (Indian religions)|seva]]'' (service) or reading [[Gurbani]] (hymns). It can help keep the hands clean when touching the face or picking up objects. The ''hazooria'' was also worn by servants and symbolises the Sikh surrendering to [[Waheguru]]ji as their master.

== ''Panj Hathiar'' ==
Guru Gobind Singh required his Khalsa warriors to be armed with five weapons at all times, consisting of the sword, disc, arrow, noose, and gun.<ref name=":02" />

== See also ==
* [[Amritdhari]]
* [[Gursikh]]
* [[Khalsa]]
* [[Vaisakhi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20070712213122/http://www.sikhismguide.org/fiveks.shtml The Five Sikh Symbols – SikhismGuide.org]}}
* [https://www.sikhmissionarysociety.org/sms/smspublications/thesikhsymbols/ The Sikh Symbols] – eBook
* [https://www.sikhmissionarysociety.org/sms/smspublications/thesikhbangle/ The Sikh Bangle (Kara)] – eBook
* "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17448727.2014.882181 The Five Symbols of Sikhism: Some Contemporary Issues]", by Bhupinder Singh, ''Sikh Missionary Society U.K.'', 25 February 2014

{{5Ks}}
{{Sikhism}}
{{Guru Gobind Singh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Five Ks, The}}
[[Category:Sikh practices]]
[[Category:Sikh religious clothing]]

Hajo–Sualkuchi Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T19:34:05Z

Ansuma Basumatary: starting a details initial version - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hajo–Sualkuchi
| constituency_no = 55
| type = SLA
| map_image = Hajo–Sualkuchi Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]
| established = 1951
| district = [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]]
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| electors =
| abolished =
}}

'''Hajo Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]] a north east state of [[India]]. This constituency was renamed to '''Hajo–Sualkuchi''' in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

Hajo was also part of [[Guwahati Lok Sabha constituency]] till 2023 Delimitation.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Hajo Assembly constituency map.svg|thumb|Hajo Assembly constituency as per 1976 Delimitation (1976–2023)]]

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! {{Abbr|Con. No.|Constituency Number}}
! {{Abbr|Res.|Reservation}}
! Member
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| align=center colspan=6| ''As Hajo Assembly constituency''
|-
| [[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| 51
| rowspan="16" | None
| rowspan="2" | [[Bishnuram Medhi]]
| rowspan="5" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="5" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" | 52
|-
| 1958^
| rowspan="2" | [[Mahendra Mohan Choudhury]]
|-
| [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| 47
|-
| [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" | 61
| Bishnuram Medhi
|-
| [[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Ranuka Debi Barkataki
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| rowspan="10" | 55
| Rabindra Nath Malakar
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
| [[Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| Barkat Ullah
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Kamakhya Charan Choudhury
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Badan Baruah
| style="background-color: {{party color|Natun Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Natun Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| [[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[Nurul Hussain]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| Haren Das
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| Nurul Hussain
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
| [[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| Dwipen Pathak
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
| [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Suman Haripriya]]<ref name=election2016/><ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
| align=center colspan=6| ''As Hajo–Sualkuchi Assembly constituency''
|-
| [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| 30
| SC
|
| style="background-color: {{party color|}}" |
|
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Hajo–Sualkuchi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Prakash Chandra Das|party=Asom Gana Parishad|votes=81,699|percentage=47.84|change=+7.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nandita Das|party=Indian National Congress|votes=80,975|percentage=47.41|change=+13.24}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=2,390|percentage=1.4|change=+0.57}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=724|percentage=0.43 |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,70,786|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=BJP|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Hajo<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Suman Haripriya
|votes = 55,096
|percentage = 40.76
|change = +29.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dulu Ahmed
|votes = 46,188
|percentage = 34.17
|change = +8.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Nurul Hussain
|votes = 16,602
|percentage = 12.28
|change = -7.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Dwipen Pathak
|votes = 6,673
|percentage = 4.93
|change = -25.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Mujibur Rahman
|votes = 3,567
|percentage = 2.63
|change = +0.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Hemanta Kalita
|votes = 1,380
|percentage = 1.02
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ramani Malakar
|votes = 1,017
|percentage = 0.75
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = National People's Party (India)
|candidate = Imdadur Rahman
|votes = 696
|percentage = 0.51
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ramen Chandra Lahkar
|votes = 556
|percentage = 0.41
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Tripti Kana Mazumdar Choudhury
|votes = 501
|percentage = 0.37
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Taher Ali Talukdar
|votes = 369
|percentage = 0.27
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Md. Rekibuddin Ahmad
|votes = 338
|percentage = 0.25
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = RPP
|candidate = Makani Barman
|votes = 301
|percentage = 0.22
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = LDP
|candidate = Mohan Chandra Malakar
|votes = 261
|percentage = 0.19
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = RSC
|candidate = Tabibar Rahman
|votes = 240
|percentage = 0.17
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Taizuddin Ahmad
|votes = 214
|percentage = 0.15
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,163
|percentage = 0.86
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,908
|percentage = 6.59
|change = +1.42
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,35,161
|percentage = 87.54
|change = +9.07
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,54,394
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = +27.73
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Hajo}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Dwipen Pathak
|votes = 33,331
|percentage = 30.77
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Kirip Chaliha]]
|votes = 27,731
|percentage = 25.60
|change = -1.47
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Nurul Hussain
|votes = 21,140
|percentage = 19.52
|change = -15.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pranjal Bharali
|votes = 12,075
|percentage = 11.15
|change = +7.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nur Mohammad
|votes = 10,360
|percentage = 9.56
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Ramen Chandra Lahkar
|votes = 2,134
|percentage = 1.97
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jagesh Das
|votes = 1,070
|percentage = 0.99
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Pranab Jyoti Bharali
|votes = 471
|percentage = 0.43
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,600
|percentage = 5.17
|change = -3.01
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,08,312
|percentage = 78.47
|change = -1.62
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Asom Gana Parishad
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Hajo}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Nurul Hussain
|votes = 38,917
|percentage = 35.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Haren Das
|votes = 29,885
|percentage = 27.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Barkatullah
|votes = 19,836
|percentage = 17.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dwipen Pathak
|votes = 11,674
|percentage = 10.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dhruba Prasad Baishya
|votes = 4,113
|percentage = 3.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Abul Hussain
|votes = 3,443
|percentage = 3.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = NBNP
|candidate = Surajit Hazarika
|votes = 869
|percentage = 0.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jiban Das
|votes = 633
|percentage = 0.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India
|candidate = Bhupen Chandra Mudol
|votes = 587
|percentage = 0.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = AGP(P)
|candidate = Hari Chandra Das
|votes = 444
|percentage = 0.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,032
|percentage = 8.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,10,401
|percentage = 80.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Kamrup district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|26.25|91.55|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Kamrup district]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]

Rasana Atreya

2026-04-29T04:37:08Z

Ansuma Basumatary: New article

{{short description|Indian English-language author|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rasana Atreya
| image =
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], Karnataka, India
| occupation = Writer
| education = M.S. (computer engineering)
| known_for =Tell A Thousand Lies, Temple Is Not My Father
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]] 
[[Marquette University]], US
| website = {{url|rasanaatreya.com/}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Rasana Atreya''' is an Indian [[English-language]] author. Her debut novel ''Tell A Thousand Lies'' was shortlisted for the "2012 Tibor Jones South Asia prize."<ref>{{cite web | title=SHORTLIST ANNOUNCED FOR THE FIRST ANNUAL TIBOR JONES SOUTH ASIA PRIZE |url=http://www.tiborjones.com/news/shortlist-announced-for-first-annual-tibor-jones-south-asia-prize| date=16 December 2011 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=Tibor Jones Official Website}}</ref>
She is also the India ambassador for the [[Alliance of Independent Authors]].<ref>{{cite web | title=What our Member Say – ALLi |url=http://www.allianceindependentauthors.org/portfolio/what-our-members-say/ | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=ALLi}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Rasana completed her schooling at Kendriya Vidyalaya schools across the country and has a B.E. in Instrumentation engineering from [[Osmania University]], India, and M.S. in Computer engineering from [[Marquette University|Marquette University, Milwaukee]], United States. She is also a trained 'Volunteer Rape Crisis' counselor by Bay Area Women Against Rape organization. She is the founder of The India Readathon,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theindiareadathon.weebly.com/about.html | title=About | publisher=The India Readathon | accessdate=19 July 2018 }}</ref> a platform which aims to introduce readers to self-published books (ebooks and audio) set in the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Nepal and Maldives). Her other novels include ''Temple Is Not My Father'', ''28 Years A Bachelor'', and ''Valley Isle Secrets'' (a Kindle Worlds novella based on Toby Neal's Lei Crime Series).

== Critical acclaim ==
''Tell A Thousand Lies'' was shortlisted for the 2012 Tibor Jones South Asia Award.<ref>{{cite web | title=Tibor Jones South Asia Prize shortlist |url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/tibor-jones-south-asia-prize-shortlist/article2763383.ece| date=31 December 2011 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=The Hindu}}</ref> While her first three novels handle woman-centric issues, with ''Valley Isle Secrets'', she has ventured into thriller genre.

Rasana declined a traditional publishing contract to self-publish her work.<ref>{{cite web | title=Aspiring authors take e-route to success|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aspiring-authors-take-e-route-to-success-208659-2014-10-05 | date=5 October 2014 | access-date=20 May 2016 | work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=New breed of writers take to digital self-publishing |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/books/new-breed-of-writers-take-to-digital-self-publishing/story-OgmC1hwVCBq9V2yvIRsQfJ.html | date=21 July 2014 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She has been interviewed on self-publishing by many major publications in India.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ebooks help out-of-print classics and pulp fiction return on e-readers |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-09/news/53731052_1_kindle-ebooks-app |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910080800/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-09/news/53731052_1_kindle-ebooks-app |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 September 2014 | date=9 September 2014 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== Workshops and panels ==
* Panelist, Navigating the Road to Self Publishing, Times Lit Fest. 4 December 2016 (with Neal Thompson, Director of Author and Publishing Relations, [[Amazon.com|Amazon]])<ref>{{cite web | title=Lit Fest Schedule | url=http://www.timeslitfest.com/schedule-4-dec.php | date=4 December 2015 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=Times LitFest | archive-date=20 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520095501/http://www.timeslitfest.com/schedule-4-dec.php | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Workshop. The Art of Self Publishing at the Hyderabad Lit Fest, 24 January 2015.<ref>{{cite web | title=Decoding Hyderabad Literary Festival 2015 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/Decoding-Hyderabad-Literary-Festival-2015/articleshow/46053687.cms | date=1 February 2015 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work= Times of India}}</ref>
* Panelist on publishing, Hyderabad Literary Festival 20 January 2013 (with [[Kulpreet Yadav]])<ref>{{cite web | title=Hyderabad Lit Fest 2013 | url=http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=48&id=4035 | date=2013 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=Welcome to Muse India | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414193124/http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=48&id=4035 | archivedate=14 April 2016 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* Panelist on publishing, Jaipur Literary Festival 24 January 2013 (with Meru Gokhale, Editor-in-Chief, Random House, UK; [[Alexandra Pringle]], Editor-in-Chief Bloomsbury; Rick Simonson, Artemis Kirk)<ref>{{cite web | title=Jaipur Lit Fest 2013 |url=https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/archive/userfiles/24-28programme%20Grid.pdf | date= 27 January 2013 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work= jaipurliteraturefestival.org}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* ''Tell A Thousand Lies''<ref>{{cite web | title=My self-publishing Journey |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-literaryreview/my-selfpublishing-journey/article3729461.ece| date=5 August 2012 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Book Review | url=http://www.whackk.com/bookked/2012/11/08/book-review-tell-thousand-lies-rasana-atreya | date=8 November 2012 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work=Whackk: Magnet to Madness | archive-date=8 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508064150/http://www.whackk.com/bookked/2012/11/08/book-review-tell-thousand-lies-rasana-atreya | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Book Review |url=http://www.mouthshut.com/review/Tell-a-Thousand-Lies-Rasana-Atreya-review-orrpulqsur| date=4 March 2014 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work= Mouthshut.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= Tell A Thousand Lies | url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13529957-tell-a-thousand-lies | date=8 March 2012 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work= Goodreads}}</ref>
* ''Temple Is Not My Father''<ref>{{cite web | title=Book Review |url=http://www.mouthshut.com/review/The-Temple-Is-Not-My-Father-Rasana-Atreya-review-pptqosstms | date=22 September 2014 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work= Mouthshut.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Temple Is Not My Father | url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22722761-the-temple-is-not-my-father | date=11 July 2014 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work= Goodreads}}</ref>
* ''28 Years A Bachelor''<ref>{{cite web | title=28 Years A Bachelor | url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23269600-28-years-a-bachelor | date=31 October 2014 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work= Goodreads}}</ref>
* ''Valley Isle Secrets''<ref>{{cite web | title= Valley Isle Secrets | url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/28262341-the-lei-crime-series | date=20 December 2015 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | work= Goodreads}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atreya, Rasana}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:Novelists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women novelists]]

AWL Agri Business

2026-04-29T00:48:16Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put Up The Post First Draft

{{Short description|Indian consumer goods company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = AWL Agri Business
| logo = AWL Agri Business.jpg
| logo_size = 200
| caption =
| image =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE|543458}}|{{NSE|AWL}}}}
| ISIN = INE699H01024
| genre =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date|1999}}
| founder = [[Gautam Adani]]
| defunct = 
| location_city = [[Ahmedabad]]
| location_country = India
| location =
| locations =
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl|Dorab Erach Mistry {{small|([[Chairman]])}}|Angshu Mallick {{small|([[CEO]])}}|Shrikant Kanhere {{small|([[CFO]])}}|Deesha Trivedi {{small|([[Company Secretary]])}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Adani Wilmar |work=WSJ |url=https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/IN/XBOM/543458?mod=searchresults_companyquotes }}</ref>}}
| industry = [[fast moving consumer goods|FMCG]]
| products = {{hlist
| [[Cooking oil]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Adani Wilmar Products|work=adani wilmar |url=https://www.adaniwilmar.com/businesses/food-and-fmcg}}</ref>
| [[Rice]]
| [[Pulses]]
| [[Flour]]
| [[Sugar]]
| [[Soyabean|Soyabean Foods]]
| [[Soap]]
| [[Sanitizer]]
| [[Poha (rice)|Poha]]
| [[Khichdi]]
}}
| brands = *Fortune
*Kohinoor
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|75148|c}} (2026)<ref>{{cite web |title=Stock share price of Adani Wilmar |work=BSE India |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/a910ef5c-a756-4472-9cac-a591a300d89d.pdf
}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{down}} {{INRConvert|1393|c}} (2026)
| net_income = {{down}} {{INRConvert|1045|c}} (2026)
| assets = {{up}} {{INRConvert|24758|c}} (2026)<ref>{{cite web |title=Stock share price of Adani Wilmar |work=Screener.in |url=https://www.screener.in/company/AWL/
}}</ref>
| equity = {{up}} {{INRConvert|10444|c}} (2026)
| num_employees = ~2678 (2024)
| parent = [[Wilmar International]] (57%)<ref name="adani">{{cite news |title=Adani sells remaining 7% stake in AWL in block deal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/adani-sells-remaining-7-stake-in-awl-in-block-deal/article70306191.ece |access-date=11 December 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=21 November 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes = <ref name="shareholding">{{Cite web |title=Adani Wilmar shareholding |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/consumer-food/adaniwilmar/AW |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=www.moneycontrol.com |language=en}}</ref>
| intl =
}}

'''AWL Agri Business,''' formerly Adani Wilmar, is an Indian multinational food and beverage conglomerate based in [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=How Adani Wilmar Became India's Second-largest FMCG Firm |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/corporate/story/how-adani-wilmar-became-indias-second-largest-fmcg-firm-326608-2022-03-23 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> The company was founded in 1999 as a joint venture between [[Adani Enterprises]] and [[Wilmar International]]. It is India's largest processor of edible oils. As of 2025, AWL operates 24 plants across 11 states in India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Wilmar Limited report |url=https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.docs/Adani%20Wilmar%20Limited%20IPO%20Note-202201240935105714219.pdf |website=HDFC Sec}}</ref> and exports its products to more than 50 countries.<ref name="moneycontrol">{{Cite web |title=Adani Wilmar files for big-bang Rs 4,500 crore IPO; firm poised to be seventh listed company from Adani Group |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ipo/fmcg-major-adani-wilmar-files-for-big-bang-rs-4500-cr-ipo-poised-to-be-seventh-listed-firm-from-adani-group-7264181.html |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Moneycontrol |date=2 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Adani Wilmar Ltd. was incorporated in 1999 as an equal joint venture between [[Adani Enterprises]] and Singapore-based Wilmar International.<ref name="businessinsider">{{Cite web |title=Fortune oil maker Adani Wilmar to open its ₹3,600 crore IPO on January 27 |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/fortune-oil-maker-adani-wilmar-to-open-its-3600-crore-ipo-on-january-27/articleshow/89033308.cms |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=ICICI Securities initiates coverage on Adani Wilmar! Here's all you need to know |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/company-stock/story/icici-securities-initiates-coverage-on-adani-wilmar-heres-all-you-need-to-know-334161-2022-05-19 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

Adani Wilmar's brand, Fortune, is an edible oils and foods brand.<ref name="businessinsider" /> Between 2014 and 2017, the company launched other packaged products, such as rice, soya chunks, and flour, under the same brand name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=Adani Wilmar betting big on rice segment; plans to acquire local brand |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-wilmar-betting-big-on-rice-segment-plans-to-acquire-local-brand-processing-units-11648027978914.html |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Between 2019 and 2020, the company entered the personal care market under the brand Alife. During the same period, AWL also ventured into the ready-to-cook (RTC) products market.<ref name="moneycontrol" /> As of 2021, the company held an 18.3% market share in the branded edible oil market in India.<ref name="businesstoday">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=Adani Wilmar IPO: Decoding the FMCG giant's hidden universe |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/adani-wilmar-ipo-decoding-the-fmcg-giants-hidden-universe-312931-2021-11-22 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Wilmar Ltd |url=https://www.icicidirect.com/mailimages/IDirect_AdaniWilmar_IPOReview.pdf |website=ICICI Direct}}</ref> It is India's largest processor of palm oil.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-26 |title=Adani Wilmar is Asia's Best Performing IPO |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/adani-wilmar-is-asia-s-best-performing-ipo-11653549922284.html |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Wilmar |url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/company-profile/adani-wilmar/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=China Dialogue |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-24 |title=Adani Wilmar shares fall over 8% in two sessions, here's why |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/company-stock/story/adani-wilmar-shares-fall-adani-group-mukesh-ambani-reliance-industries-345490-2022-08-24 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

Adani Wilmar opened its three-day [[initial public offering]] (IPO) on 27 January 2022, and the issue closed on 31 January 2022. The listing took place on 8 February 2022.<ref name="businessinsider" />

In December 2024, [[Adani Enterprises]] announced that it would exit the Adani Wilmar joint venture by selling its 44% stake to public shareholders and Wilmar International.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani Enterprises to exit Adani Wilmar JV; to sell 31% stake to Wilmar International |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/adani-enterprises-share-price-to-exit-adani-wilmar-jv-shareholding-stake-sale-proceeds-timeline-method-19531732.htm |access-date=8 January 2025 |work=CNBCTV18 |date=30 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Adani Enterprises exited the company in November 2025 after the completion of the stake sale.<ref name="adani"/>

In February 2025, Adani Wilmar was renamed as AWL Agri Business Limited following the approval of its shareholders.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-26 |title=Adani Wilmar renamed as AWL Agri Business Limited after shareholders' approval |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fmcg/adani-wilmar-renamed-as-awl-agri-business-limited-after-shareholders-approval/articleshow/118549216.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-05-06 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Subsidiary, acquisition & joint ventures ==
In 1993, BEOL (Bangladesh Edible Oil Limited) was established in [[Dhaka|Dhaka, Bangladesh]], as a 100% foreign-owned joint venture between Wilmar International of Singapore and the Adani Group of India.<ref name="businesstoday2">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-02 |title=How Adani Wilmar's little-known deal may propel its international biz in FY22 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/how-adani-wilmars-little-known-deal-may-propel-its-international-biz-in-fy22-314101-2021-12-02 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 2005, Adani Wilmar acquired the Mantralayam<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharon |first=Meghdoot |date=2004-05-05 |title=Adani Wilmar has big plans for Mantralayam unit |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/adani-wilmar-has-big-plans-for-mantralayam-unit-104050501109_1.html |access-date=2022-09-18}}</ref> and Haldia plants (refining).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Group enters Bengal's ports sector; to modernise Haldia port at Rs 298 crore |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/companies/adani-group-enters-bengals-ports-sector-to-modernise-haldia-port-at-rs-298-crore-article-94234619 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=TimesNow |date=16 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporter |first=B. S. |date=2009-03-28 |title=Adani Wilmar to double Haldia unit capacity |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-wilmar-to-double-haldia-unit-capacity-109032800048_1.html |access-date=2022-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Protest hits Adani plant, contract workers gherao officials |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/protest-hits-adani-plant-contract-workers-gherao-officials/cid/1844594 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> From 2006 to 2009, AWL acquired multiple crushing and refining units in [[Bundi]], [[Shujalpur]], [[Nagpur]], and [[Neemuch]]. It also acquired Rajshri Packagers (refining), Acalmar Oils and Fats, and Satya Sai Agroils (refining).<ref name="icicisecurities">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icicisecurities.com/Upload/ArticleAttachments/Adani%20Wilmar%20Limited_RHP.pdf |title=Adani Wilmar Limited |website=ICICI Securities}}</ref> In 2011, the AWL group acquired the Alwar and Mundra castor units (crushing, refining, and industry essentials) and Gokul Refoils & Solvent (edible oil refining company). In 2018, the AWL group acquired a refinery from Louis Dreyfus Commodities, an edible oil refinery from Cargill, and rice plants from Ferozepur Foods. Joint ventures of AWL include KOG-KTV Foods Pvt. Ltd, KTV Health Foods Pvt. Ltd, and Visakha Polyfab Pvt. Ltd.<ref name="icicisecurities" />

In 2022, Adani Wilmar acquired the Kohinoor, Trophy Royale, and Charminar rice brands from [[McCormick & Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-03 |title=Adani Wilmar buys several brands, including 'Kohinoor' to strengthen food business |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/adani-wilmar-buys-several-brands-including-kohinoor-to-strengthen-food-business-7899597/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, Adani Wilmar acquired a 67% stake in the specialty chemicals company Omkar Chemical Industries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani Wilmar acquires 67% stake in Omkar Chemical Industries for ₹56.25 crore - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/stocks/adani-wilmar-acquires-67-pc-stake-in-omkar-chemical-industries-for-rs-56-25-crore-share-price-19442084.htm |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=CNBCTV18 |date=11 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Social responsibility ==
{{Independent sources|section|date=April 2023}}
Adani Wilmar Limited, along with the Adani Foundation, the [[Corporate social responsibility|CSR]] arm of the Adani Group, runs the Fortune SuPoshan initiative to address malnutrition and anemia in children.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Focus |first=ABP Live |title='Made A Name For Myself': SuPoshan Sanginis Drive Women Empowerment Narrative Across Nation |url=https://news.abplive.com/business/i-have-made-a-name-for-myself-suposhan-sanginis-drive-the-women-empowerment-narrative-across-country-1569829 |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=ABP Live |date=15 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-24 |title=Extending aidto underfed children |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/extending-aidto-underfed-children/articleshow/96470360.cms |access-date=2023-04-22 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Criticism and controversies ==
In 2016, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] released an official statement indicating that Adani Wilmar had violated regulations set by the [[Food and Drug Administration, Maharashtra State|Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of Maharashtra]] while promoting its blended edible vegetable oil, Fortune Vivo. The company had made claims about the oil's medicinal properties, including its ability to regulate diabetes. [[Madan Yerawar]], the Minister of State for FDA, stated that a raid was conducted on Adani Wilmar's storage facility in [[Panvel]] after deceptive information was identified on both the product advertisements and packaging.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Alok |date=2016-12-07 |title=Adani's oil brand misled buyers: State govt. |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/Adani%E2%80%99s-oil-brand-misled-buyers-State-govt./article16774354.ece |access-date=2023-06-26 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Adani Wilmar, along with other members of the [[Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil]], has been criticized for its role in deforestation and the loss of habitat for orangutans, tigers, and elephants in the [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]] regions of Indonesia and Malaysia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Adani Watch |date=September 2020 |title=Dossier on the Adani Group's environmental and social record |url=https://www.banktrack.org/download/dossier_on_the_adani_group_s_environmental_and_social_record/adani_dossier_preliminary_sept2020_intermediate_21.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How oil palm could kill orangutans |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/How-oil-palm-could-kill-orangutans/article11408795.ece |access-date=29 August 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=12 March 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref> The nonprofit Adani Watch states that "through its joint venture with Wilmar, Adani is a major refiner and trader in palm oil, an industry responsible for devastating large areas of rainforest in Southeast Asia."<ref name=":0" />

In June 2022, [[Center for Advanced Defense Studies|C4ADS]] stated in its report that food companies, including Adani Wilmar, "continue to enable forced labor through their indiscriminate import of tainted palm oil."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shereikis |first=Nick |date=2022-06-02 |title=Spoiled Fruit |url=https://c4ads.org/commentary/spoiled-fruit/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=C4ADS |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 9 February 2023, the Himachal Pradesh Excise Department raided the company's warehouses in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KO |date=2023-02-09 |title=More Trouble For Adani? Himachal Excise Dept Raids Adani Wilmar Warehouse - Kashmir Observer |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2023/02/09/more-trouble-for-adani-himachal-excise-dept-raids-adani-wilmar-warehouse/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In February 2023, Adani Wilmar's joint venture with KTV Group was penalized by the [[Supreme Court of India]] for violations of coastal regulations in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The company had constructed an oil storage facility and pipeline, and local fishermen claimed that oil leaks from the 7-kilometer pipeline were killing fish in the area. The court ordered that the facility be demolished.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How an Adani Joint Venture Tried to Use Semantics to Circumvent Green Laws – at Cost of Fishers |url=https://thewire.in/environment/adani-joint-venture-ktv-oil-mills-health-food |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Wire}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://www.adaniwilmar.com/}}
* [https://www.fortunefoods.com/ Fortune Foods]

[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:Companies based in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2022 initial public offerings]]

Surat Municipal Corporation

2026-04-28T13:35:00Z

Ansuma Basumatary: slightly added section for accuracy further

{{Short description|Administrative body for the city of Surat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2018}}

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Surat Municipal Corporation
| native_name = ''Surata Mahānagarapālikā''
| native_name_lang = gu
| transcription_name =
| legislature =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res = 200px
| coa_alt =
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| body = Surat
| houses =
| leader1_type = Mayor
| leader1 = TBA
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| election1 =
| leader2_type = Leader of opposition
| leader2 = TBA
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = Municipal Commissioner
| leader3 = M. Nagarajan I.A.S.
| party3 =
| election3 =
| seats = 120
| members =
| structure1 = India Gujarat Surat Municipal Corporation Election 2026.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (115)'''
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (115)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/gujarat/gujarat-local-body-election-results-2026-live-vote-counting-updates-municipal-corporation-panchayat-taluka-local-body-poll-results-bjp-congress-aap-1039122|title=Gujarat Local Body Election Results 2026|work=India TV|accessdate=28 April 2026}}</ref>
'''Opposition (5)'''
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}}} [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] (4)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)
| committees1 =
| joint_committees =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| last_election1 = [[2026 Gujarat local elections|26 April 2026]]
| next_election1 = February 2031
| meeting_place = [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in}}
| term_length = 5 years
}}

'''Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC)''' is the local civic body responsible for the administration of [[Surat]], Gujarat which has come into being under the Bombay Provincial Municipal Act, 1949. The Surat Municipal Corporation was established on 2 October 1966. Surat Municipal Corporation area 462.149 km2.<ref>{{cite news|title=Surat City Expansion|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 June 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/surat-city-limits-expanded-after-14-years/articleshow/76452319.cms}}</ref> It carries out the designated functions under the 1949 Act, with the following mission.

To make Surat a dynamic, vibrant, self-reliant and sustainable city with all basic amenities, Surat Municipal Corporation perceives its role as the principal facilitator and provider of services as detailed below to provide a better quality of people life.

== History ==
Surat Municipal Corporation is local self-government that came into being under the provisions of the Bombay Provincial Municipal Act, 1949 carries out all the obligatory & discretionary functions prescribed thereunder.

==2026 results ==
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|+| Surat Municipal Corporation<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/municipal-polls-aap-bags-13-28-vote-share/articleshow/81199586.cms |title=Gujarat municipal polls: AAP bags 13.28% vote share |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |Party!! Seats won !! '''Seats +/−'''
!Vote % !! '''Swing'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ||115 || {{increase}} 13
||| {{decrease}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| [[Aam Aadmi Party]] ||4 || {{decrease}} 13
| || {{increase}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 1 || {{increase}} 1
| || {{decrease}}
|-
|bgcolor="grey"|
| Others || 0 || {{unchanged}}
| || {{decrease}}
|-
|}

== Services ==
Surat Municipal Corporation perceives its role as the principal facilitator and provider of services to provide a better quality of life.

The SMC supplies potable drinking water to the residents of Surat. The water is drawn from the [[River Tapi]] and treated at treatment plants in the city. The supplied water received ISO-9000-2008 certification in 2010.<ref name="isowater">{{cite news|title=SMC gets ISO-9000-2008 certificate for potable water supply |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/SMC-gets-ISO-9000-2008-certificate-for-potable-water-supply/articleshow/6065146.cms |first=Melvyn |last=Thomas |date=18 June 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]]|location=Surat|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>

Building homes and shelters for homeless and poor people in Surat. These homes also provide education, government benefits, social security schemes, and voter IDs to help them live a better life and find jobs to support themselves.<ref>{{cite web |title=MLA Who Revived Surat Shelter Homes Writes How Homeless People Got A New Lease of Life |url=https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/mla-who-revived-surat-shelter-homes-writes-on-how-urban-homeless-got-new-lease-of-life-4013009.html |website=News18 |date=27 July 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref>

The SMC operates [[Surat City Bus|bus services]] in the city under a [[public–private partnership]].

== Administration ==
The Surat Municipal Corporation operates under the Provisions of Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949, under the executive power of the municipal commissioner.

The Surat Municipal Corporation ranked 7th out of 21 Cities for best administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.5 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3. It is the only city in India to disclose municipal budgets on a weekly basis.<ref name=asics>{{cite book|last1=Gumber|first1=Anurag|title=Annual Survey of India's City-Systems|date=6 June 2014|publisher=Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy|location=Bangalore|pages=64–68|edition=2nd|url=http://janaagraha.org/asics/images/Annual-Survey-of-Indias-City-Systems-2014.pdf|access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of tourist attractions in Surat]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Gujarat]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1966]]
[[Category:Government of Surat]]

Pathariya, Chhattisgarh

2026-04-25T14:50:57Z

Ansuma Basumatary: New a info

{{Short description|Tehsil and Town in Chhattisgarh, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pathariya
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Madku island Hindu temples and Mandukya rishi memorial, Chhattisgarh - 7.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Madku temple in shivnath island near pathariya
| pushpin_map = India Chhattisgarh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chhattisgarh
| coordinates = {{coord|21.84|N|81.90|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mungeli district|Mungeli]]
| elevation_m = 315
| population_total = 6,349
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN code]]
| postal_code = 491340
}}

'''Pathariya''' is a major town and a [[nagar parishad]] in [[Mungeli district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in India. It is also a [[tehsil]] headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mungeli.gov.in/en/tehsil/|title=Tehsil | District Mungeli, Government of Chhattisgarh | India}}</ref>

==Geography==
Pathariya is located at {{coord|21.84|N|81.90|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/37/Chandkhuri2.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Chandkhuri, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{cvt|315|m}}. The [[Shivnath River]] flows near Pathariya. Pathariya is located on the [[Raipur]] to [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] highway. The [[Postal Index Number|pin code]] of Pathariya is 491340.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/chattisgarh/bilaspur-cgh/patharia-pincode-495335.html|title=Patharia Pin Code - 495335, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search bilaspur-cgh Post Office Address|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 census of India]], Pathariya has a population of 6,349 – of which 3,201 are males and 3,148 are females.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801971-pathariya-chhattisgarh.html|title=Pathariya Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011-2025 | Chhattisgarh|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==Place of interest==

Madku Temple is an ancient temple on the island in the middle of the Shivnath river near Pathariya. This temple is very important from the point of view of astrology. A fair is organized here, in which people from all over the state participate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mungeli.gov.in/en/tourist-place/madkuislands/|title=Madku Islands | District Mungeli, Government of Chhattisgarh | India}}</ref>

==Transport==
The [[Raipur]]–[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] Highway passes through Pathariya, and a major road connects it to [[Mungeli]]. Daily bus service available in the town, connecting to nearby major cities and towns.

==See also==
* [[Mungeli District]]
* [[Sargaon]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Mungeli district]]

KRDS lects

2026-04-24T17:11:31Z

Ansuma Basumatary: starting the entry and citations - done

{{short description|Indo-Aryan variety from eastern Indian subcontinent}}
{{About||the lect spoken in Rangpur (Bangladesh)|Rangpuri language|language of Koch people|Koch language|}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox language
|name = KRDS lects
|altname = KRNB lects, Kamatapuri, Kamta
|nativename =
|pronunciation =
|states = [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]]
|region = Northern [[West Bengal]], [[Western Assam]], North Eastern [[Bihar]], Northern [[Bangladesh]], Southeast [[Nepal]]
|speakers =
|ethnicity = [[Rajbanshi people|Rajbanshi]], [[Rajbanshi people|Rangpuri]], [[Surjapuri people|Surjapuri]], [[Kewat people|Kewat]], [[Deshi people|Deshi]], [[Nashya Shaikh people|Nashya Shaikh]], [[Moria people|Moria]], Goriya
|ref =
|date =
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
|fam4=[[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern]]
|fam5=[[Odia language|Odia]]–[[Bengali–Assamese languages|Bengali–Assamese]]<ref name="OGK">{{harv|Toulmin|2006|p=305}}</ref>
|fam6=[[Bengali–Assamese languages|Bengali–Assamese]]
|fam7=[[Kamarupi Prakrit|Kamrupa]]<ref name="OGK"/>
|dialects = [[Kewat language|Kewat]], [[Rajbanshi language (Nepal)|Rajbansi]], Kamtapuri, [[Rangpuri language|Rangpuri]], Deshi, [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]], Dhekri
|script =
|lc1 = kvs
|ld1 = [[Kayort language|Kayort]] or [[Kewat language|Kewat]]
|lc2 = rjs
|ld2 = [[Rajbanshi language (Nepal)|Rajbanshi]]
|lc3 = rkt
|ld3 = [[Rangpuri language|Rangpuri]]
|lc4 = sjp
|ld4 = [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]]
|glotto=kamt1242
}}
[[File:Kamatapuri-lects-regions.svg|thumb|261px|The speakers are distributed unevenly, as shown in the map.<ref>{{harv|Toulmin|2006|p=5}}</ref>|class=skin-invert-image]]
[[File:East magadhan proto-languages - en.svg|261px|thumb|The proto-languages of the eastern Magadhan languages. Kamarupa Prakrit corresponds to ?proto-Kamarupa here, a hitherto un-reconstructed proto-language. The period corresponds to earlier than 1250 CE, when proto-Kamta began to innovate unique features.<ref>"Proto Kamta took its inheritance from ?pKamrupa (and before that from ?pGaudaKamrupa), innovated the unique features outlined above during AD 1250–1550, and then split into three main sections (western, central, eastern)..." {{harvcol|Toulmin|2009|p=221}}</ref>|class=skin-invert-image]]
The '''KRDS lects''' (or the '''Kamta, Rajbanshi, Deshi and Surjapuri''' subgroup) are a cluster of modern [[lect]]s that are phylogenetic descendants of the proto-Kamta language.<ref>"The linguistic history reconstructed here shows that all KRDS lects—whether the ‘Rajbanshi’ of Morang district in Nepal, the ‘sthaniyo bhasha’ (local language) of Rangpur in Bangladesh, or the ‘Kamta’ of Cooch Behar in India—share a common ancestor, which for historical reasons may be termed proto-Kamta." {{harvcol|Toulmin|2009|p=246}}</ref> The proto-Kamta language began differentiating after 1250 around Kamatapur, the capital city of [[Kamata kingdom]], as the western branch of the [[Kamarupi Prakrit]],<ref name="toulmin2009p13">"On sociohistorical grounds, this stage is termed ‘proto Kamta’ ... and assigned the chronology of approximately AD 1250–1550: sandwiched between the establishment of the Kamrupa capital at Kamtapur in 1250, and the political (and plausibly linguistic) expansion under Koch King Nara Narayana in 1550." {{harvcol|Toulmin|2009|p=13}}</ref> whereas the eastern branch developed into [[Early Assamese]]. Since the 16th century the proto-Kamta community has fragmented giving rise to the differentiated modern lects.<ref>"Furthermore, since the 16th century, the KRDS lects have undergone differentiation from one another. This diversification is not merely the result of ‘contamination’ with other languages; it is natural in human society that lects spoken by differentiated speech communities tend to become linguistically differentiated." {{harvcol|Toulmin|2009|p=247}}</ref> The modern lects are:<ref>{{harv|Toulmin|2006|p=iv}}</ref><ref>{{harv|Toulmin|2006|p=283}}</ref> Kamta ([[Assam]] and [[West Bengal]]), [[Rangpuri language|Rangpuri]] ([[Bangladesh]]), [[Rajbanshi language (Nepal)|Rajbanshi]] ([[Nepal]]) and [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]] ([[Bihar]]).<ref name="Silvestre">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zc77I8CMgTYC&q=surjapuri+lects&pg=PA508 | title=The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics| isbn=9781118257265| last1=Hernández-Campoy| first1=Juan Manuel| last2=Conde-Silvestre| first2=Juan Camilo| date=15 February 2012| publisher=John Wiley & Sons}}</ref>

These modern lects could be categorised into three groups: western, central and eastern.<ref>"The categorisation of KRDS lects as western, central and eastern (which is verified in the present study) was first put forward by Barma (1991)." {{harvcol|Toulmin|2009|p=11}}</ref> Unlike the Assamese, Bengali, Hindi and Nepali languages which were standardised and propagated in the 19th and 20th centuries,<ref>"The standardisation of Bangla, Asamiya, Nepali and Hindi, and the propagation of these standardised varieties during the 19th and 20th centuries has had significant effects upon the KRDS lects." {{harvcol|Toulmin|2009|p=247}}</ref> the KRDS lects were not standardised. As a result, the KRDS lects became diglossic vernaculars to these standard varieties and acquired phonological and morphological features from them.<ref>"During the modern KRDS period various phonological and morphological features have entered KRDS lects due to increased diglossia with standardised State languages." {{harvcol|Toulmin|2009|p=13}}</ref>

Nevertheless, two [[standard language|standard]]s are emerging within the KRDS lects: a central Jhapa variety targeting speakers in Nepal, and an eastern Cooch Behar variety targeting speakers in northern West Bengal and western Assam.<ref>"[T]here are today two distinct standards emerging in the literature of KRDS speakers. The variety of central Jhapa features in an increasing number of publications aimed at speakers in Nepal. The variety of eastern Cooch Behar is likewise increasingly used for publications aimed at the Rajbanshis and deshi Muslims of northern West Bengal and western Assam."{{harvcol|Toulmin|2009|p=247}}</ref>

==Proto-Kamta==
The development of proto-Kamta (also called proto-Kamata) was the result of Sandhya, a ruler of Kamarupa Nagara ([[North Guwahati]]), [[Kamrup region|Kamrup]] moving his capital<ref>{{harv|Toulmin|2009|p=13}}</ref> to Kamatapur and establishing the [[Kamata kingdom]], thus carrying the [[Kamarupi Prakrit|native language]] along with.

==Socio-linguistic communities==
The modern KRNB lects are spoken primarily in western [[Assam]], northern [[West Bengal]], northern [[Bangladesh]], north-eastern [[Bihar]] and south-eastern [[Nepal]].<ref name="Silvestre"/>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |first=Mathew W S |last=Toulmin |title=Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan |url=https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/45743 |publisher=The Australian National University |year=2006}}
*{{citation |first=Mathew W S |last=Toulmin |title=From Linguistic to Sociolinguistic Reconstruction: The Kamta Historical Subgroup of Indo-Aryan |publisher=Pacific Linguistics | year=2009}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Kamtapur]]

Dirang Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:41:37Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put up pg!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Dirang
|state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 4
| map_image = Dirang Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|district = [[Tawang district|Tawang]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]]
|established = 1990
|reservation = ST
|mla = [[Phurpa Tsering]]
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|electors = 15,262
}}
'''Dirang''' is one of the 60 assembly constituencies of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], a northeastern state of [[India]]. It is part of [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/arunachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/dirang.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Dirang Assembly Constituency]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S02/Old/partycomp24.htm Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://www.arunachalassembly.gov.in/ Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| [[Lobsang Tsering]]<ref name=election1990>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4032-arunachal-pradesh-1990/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 1990 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<ref name=election1995>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4035-arunachal-pradesh-1995/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 1995 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=3| [[Tsering Gyurme]]<ref name="Two BJP Arunachal ministers quit party, join Conrad Sangma's NPP">{{cite news |date=20 March 2019 |title=Two BJP Arunachal ministers quit party, join Conrad Sangma's NPP |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/two-bjp-arunachal-ministers-quit-party-1482216-2019-03-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517131515/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/two-bjp-arunachal-ministers-quit-party-1482216-2019-03-20 |archivedate=17 May 2025 |accessdate=17 May 2025 |publisher=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="18 BJP leaders in Arunachal Pradesh join National People’s party">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=21 March 2019 |title=18 BJP leaders in Arunachal Pradesh join National People’s party |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/18-bjp-leaders-in-arunachal-pradesh-join-national-peoples-party/articleshow/68506771.cms?from=mdr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522092111/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/18-bjp-leaders-in-arunachal-pradesh-join-national-peoples-party/articleshow/68506771.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=22 May 2025 |access-date=22 May 2025 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref name="Two ministers, six MLAs quit BJP in Arunachal Pradesh">{{cite news |date=20 March 2019 |title=Two ministers, six MLAs quit BJP in Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/two-ministers-six-mlas-quit-bjp-in-arunachal-pradesh/articleshow/68490510.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522092150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/two-ministers-six-mlas-quit-bjp-in-arunachal-pradesh/articleshow/68490510.cms |archive-date=22 May 2025 |access-date=22 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<ref name=election1999>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4036-arunachal-pradesh-1999/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 1999 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4038-arunachal-pradesh-2004/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4039-arunachal-pradesh-2009/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=4| [[Phurpa Tsering]]
|{{Full party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4040-arunachal-pradesh-2014/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=election2019/>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dirang<ref>{{cite news |last1=India TV News |last2= |first2= |date=2 June 2024 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024: Complete list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-list-of-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-pema-khandu-updates-2024-06-02-934271 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603080244/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-list-of-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-pema-khandu-updates-2024-06-02-934271 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=3 June 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Phurpa Tsering]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,430 |percentage=54.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yeshi Tsewang |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=6,228 |percentage=45.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=81 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,202 |percentage=8.75% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,739 |percentage=90.02% |change= {{increase}}90.02 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,262 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.86 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dirang<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=[[Phurpa Tsering]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,020 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,020 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dirang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080618/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=[[Phurpa Tsering]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,515 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,515 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.78 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=People's Party of Arunachal |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dirang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404184244/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Phurpa Tsering]] |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=6,618 |percentage=56.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tsering Gyurme |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,085 |percentage=43.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,533 |percentage=13.10% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,703 |percentage=85.05% |change= {{increase}}85.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,760 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=People's Party of Arunachal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dirang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324145008/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Tsering Gyurme |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,889 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,889 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.27 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dirang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tsering Gyurme |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,472 |percentage=58.00% |change={{increase}}7.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tongchen Jomba Khrimey |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,949 |percentage=38.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sange Tsering |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=289 |percentage=3.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,523 |percentage=19.75% |change= {{increase}}4.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,710 |percentage=77.49% |change= {{decrease}}7.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,247 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dirang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144239/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tsering Gyurme |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,054 |percentage=50.51% |change={{increase}}17.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lobsang Tsering |party=Independent politician |votes=2,791 |percentage=34.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sangja Gombu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,181 |percentage=14.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,263 |percentage=15.74% |change= {{increase}}0.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,026 |percentage=84.59% |change= {{increase}}9.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,663 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dirang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lobsang Tsering |party=Independent politician |votes=3,252 |percentage=47.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tsering Gyurme |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,225 |percentage=32.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Namgyal Tsering |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,361 |percentage=19.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,027 |percentage=15.02% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,838 |percentage=75.54% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,245 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Dirang]]
* [[Tawang district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}

{{coord|27.35|92.25|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:West Kameng district]]
[[Category:Politics of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]

Nasiruddin Ahamed

2026-04-17T00:26:20Z

Ansuma Basumatary:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1954–2025)}}
{{Distinguish|Nasiruddin Ahmed|Nasiruddin Ahmed Pintu}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nasiruddin Ahamed
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 1954
| birth_place = Kaliganj, Nadia district, West Bengal
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|02|02|1954}}
| death_place = Kolkata
| other_names =
| occupation = Indian politician
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Nasiruddin Ahamed''' (1954 – 2 February 2025)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nasiruddin Ahamed (Lal)(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):Constituency- KALIGANJ(NADIA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1315 |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> was an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He was a two–time member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kaliganj Assembly constituency]] in [[Nadia district]]. He won the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[All India Trinamool Congress]] party.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Kaliganj, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/kaliganj-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797160-2021-05-01 |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaliganj Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing, Winners West bengal Kaliganj Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-kaliganj-constituency-80.html |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ahamed was from [[Kaliganj, Nadia|Kaliganj]], Nadia district, West Bengal. He was the son of late Sharifuddin Ahamed. He completed his post graduate course at [[University of Calcutta]] in 1974 and did his LLB at [[Department of Law, University of Calcutta|Hazra Law College]] in 1976.<ref name=":0" /> He was an advocate before getting elected in 2011.

== Career ==
Ahamed won from Kaliganj Assembly constituency representing the All India Trinamool Congress in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 111,696 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Abhijit Ghosh of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 46,987 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Kaliganj Election Result 2021 LIVE: How to check Kaliganj assembly (Vidhan Sabha) election winners, losers, vote margin, news updates - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/kaliganj-election-result-2021-live-how-to-check-kaliganj-assembly-vidhan-sabha-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-9155161.htm |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] from Kaliganj on Trinamool Congress ticket.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kaliganj Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Nasiruddin Ahamed (Lal) of TMC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/kaliganj-election-result-2021-live-updates-kaliganj-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3697346.html |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He lost the next election in 2016, to [[Hasanuzzaman Sk]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 1227 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=West Bengal Election: Kaliganj Assembly Constituency 2021 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/kaliganj-1009464528 |access-date=3 March 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> But he regained the seat for Trinamool Congress in 2021.<ref name=":1" />

== Death ==
Ahamed died of cardiac arrest on 2 February 2025 at Palasi Hospital in Kolkata.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-02 |title=Veteran TMC MLA Nasiruddin Ahmed dies of cardiac arrest in West Bengal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/veteran-tmc-mla-nasiruddin-ahmed-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-in-west-bengal/articleshow/117852069.cms |access-date=2025-03-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-02 |title=Veteran TMC MLA Nasiruddin Ahmed dies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/nasiruddin-ahmed-tmc-mla-dies-9813334/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahamed, Nasiruddin}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nadia district]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]

Film Exhibitors United Organisation of Kerala

2026-04-11T21:03:23Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put up data

{{Short description|Film association in Kerala}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Film Exhibitors United Organisation of Kerala
| formation = {{start date and age|2017|01|24}}
| nickname = FEUOK
| founding_location = [[Kochi|Kochi, Kerala]]
| headquarters = [[Kochi]]
| location = [[India]]
}}

The '''Film Exhibitors United Organisation of Kerala (FEUOK)''' is an association representing film theatre owners, producers and rdistributers in Kerala, India. The group was established to address issues in the state's film exhibition sector, including box-office practices, revenue-sharing terms, and the coordination of theatrical releases.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-25 |title=New organisation for film producers, theatre owners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/new-organisation-for-film-producers-theatre-owners/articleshow/56770658.cms |access-date=2025-11-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Formation ==
FEUOK was established on 24 January 2017 and actor-producer '''Dileep''' was announced as the organisation's president, and a committee of theatre owners and distributors was appointed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2017-01-24 |title=Dileep's new union- Film Exhibitors United Organisation of Kerala (FEUOK) |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/dileeps-new-union-film-exhibitors-united-organisation-kerala-feuok-56236 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

== Internal issues ==
In 2024, police registered a case against several office-bearers following an alleged altercation during an industry meeting.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-10-11 |title=Case registered against 10 office-bearers of FEUOK |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Oct/11/case-registered-against-10-office-bearers-of-feuok |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Kerala|Film
}}{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Film organisations in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Kochi]]

{{Film-org-stub}}

List of Gujarati films of 2024

2026-04-08T18:07:45Z

Ansuma Basumatary: made new post.

{{Short description|List of Gujarati language films released in 2024}}
{{incomplete list|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
This is a list of [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati language films]] that were released in 2024. The Gujarati films collectively grossed {{INRconvert|89|c}} in 2024, according to Ormax Box Office Report.<ref name="ormax 2025">{{cite web |date=15 January 2026 |title=The Ormax Box Office Report: 2025 |url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-ormax-box-office-report-2025.html}}</ref>

==Box-office collection==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|-
! Rank
! Film
! Director
! Studio(s)
! Gross
! Source
|-
|1
|''[[Jhamkudi]]''
|Umang Vyas
|Soul Sutra, RD Brothers
|{{estimation|{{INRConvert|25|c}}}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 October 2024 |title=Gujarati Blockbuster 'Jhamkudi' Set To Have World Digital Premiere On THIS Platform
|work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/gujarati-blockbuster-jhamkudi-set-to-have-world-digital-premiere-on-this-platform-2807917.html |access-date=7 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 October 2024 |title=Jhamkudi On OTT: Manasi Parekh And Viraj Ghelani Starrer Horror-Comedy To Release On THIS Date
|work=ABP News |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/ott/jhamkudi-on-ott-manasi-parekh-and-viraj-ghelani-starrer-horror-comedy-to-release-on-this-date-on-shemaroo-me-1724903 |access-date=7 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2024 |title=Viraj Ghelani: From Digital Star to Box Office Sensation
|work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/viraj-ghelani-from-digital-star-to-box-office-sensation/articleshow/112080152.cms |access-date=7 December 2024}}</ref>
|}

==January–March==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opening
!Name
!Genre
!Director
!Cast
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|5 January
|''[[Danny Jigar]]''
|Comedy action [[Spoof film|spoof]]
|[[Krishnadev Yagnik]]
|[[Yash Soni]], Tarjanee Bhadla, Chetan Daiya, Jitendra Thakkar, Rahul Raval
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-27 |title=Yash Soni completes the dubbing for the action flick 'Danny Jigar' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/yash-soni-completes-the-dubbing-for-the-action-flick-danny-jigar/articleshow/101311484.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-04 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004093326/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/yash-soni-completes-the-dubbing-for-the-action-flick-danny-jigar/articleshow/101311484.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-01 |title=Yash Soni's 'Danny Jigar' to release in December; makers release a new poster |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/yash-sonis-danny-jigar-to-release-in-december-makers-release-a-new-poster/articleshow/102311364.cms?from=mdr#:~:text=The%20wait%20is%20finally%20over,date%20of%20%27Danny%20Jigar%27. |access-date=2023-08-04 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005005045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/yash-sonis-danny-jigar-to-release-in-december-makers-release-a-new-poster/articleshow/102311364.cms?from=mdr#:~:text=The%20wait%20is%20finally%20over,date%20of%20%27Danny%20Jigar%27. |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|12 January
|''Prem No Padkar''
|Romantic action drama
|Shatrughan Goswami
|[[Hitu Kanodia]], Mamta Soni
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Prem No Padkar|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/prem-no-padkar/ET00383400|website=BookMyShow|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113033201/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/prem-no-padkar/ET00383400|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |19 January
|''[[Ittaa Kittaa]]''
|Family drama
|Manthan Purohit, Abhinn Sharma
|[[Raunaq Kamdar]], [[Mansi Parekh]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-16 |title=Raunaq Kamdar and Manasi Parekh's 'ITTAA KITTAA' to release on February 9, 2024 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/raunaq-kamdar-and-manasi-parekhs-ittaa-kittaa-to-release-on-february-9-2024/articleshow/104465633.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-06 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103174611/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/raunaq-kamdar-and-manasi-parekhs-ittaa-kittaa-to-release-on-february-9-2024/articleshow/104465633.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mara Pappa Superhero]]''
|Family drama
|Darshan Ashwin Trivedi
|[[Abhinay Banker]], Shraddha Dangar, Bhavya Sirohi, [[Revanta Sarabhai]], Bhushan Bhatt, Bharat Thakkar, Rudraksh Nisiddh panchal
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mara Pappa Superhero|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/mara-papa-superhero/ET00383276|website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|26 January
|''Muktighar''
|Drama
|Bhavin Trivedi
|Ragi Jani, Chetan Daiya, Aakash Zala, Sanjay Galsar, Hitesh Thaker, Amit Utsuk, Nitin Ahir, Het Dave, Rudraksh Nisiddh panchal
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muktighar |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/mukti-ghar/ET00384738 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=7 March 2024 |archive-date=27 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127232647/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/mukti-ghar/ET00384738 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2 February
|''[[Kamthaan]]''
|Crime comedy
|Dhrunad
| [[Hitu Kanodia]], [[Sanjay Goradia]], Arvind Vaidya, [[Darshan Jariwala]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=KamthaanUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/kamthaan/movieshow/107281542.cms |access-date=2024-02-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206061356/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/kamthaan/movieshow/107281542.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |9 February
|''[[Lagan Special]]''
|Comedy
|Rahul Bhole, Vinit Kanojia
| [[Malhar Thakar]], [[Puja Joshi]], Mitra Gadhvi, Nijal Modi
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-02 |title=Lagan Special |work=Book My Show|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/lagan-special/ET00378666 }}</ref>
|-
|''Prem Thaay Chhe Ek J Vaar''
|Romantic drama
|Shahbazkhan Pathan
|Sandip Patani, Sweta Sen, Sunjay Patel
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Prem Thaay Che Ekaj VaarUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/prem-thaay-che-ekaj-vaar/movieshow/107531205.cms |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=18 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218134237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/prem-thaay-che-ekaj-vaar/movieshow/107531205.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Ramat Ramade Romance''
|Romantic comedy drama
|Hitesh Beldar
|Sunil Vishrani, Marjina Diwan, Umang Acharya, Nishith Brahmbhatt
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ramat Ramade RomanceUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/ramat-ramade-romance/movieshow/107487456.cms |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=18 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218134659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/ramat-ramade-romance/movieshow/107487456.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|16 February
|''[[Kasoombo]]''
|Historical drama
|[[Vijaygiri Bava]]
| Dharmendra Gohil, [[Raunaq Kamdar]], [[Shraddha Dangar]], [[Darshan Pandya]], [[Monal Gajjar]], [[Rudraksh Nisiddh panchal]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-23 |title='Kasoombo' teaser out! The film will showcase the historic plot |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/kasoombo-teaser-out-the-film-will-showcase-the-historic-plot/articleshow/106235462.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228104319/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/kasoombo-teaser-out-the-film-will-showcase-the-historic-plot/articleshow/106235462.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|23 February
|''[[Nasoor (2024 Gujarati film)|Nasoor]]''
|Psychological thriller
|Rishil Joshi
|[[Hitu Kanodia]], [[Niilam Paanchal]], [[Denisha Ghumra]], Heena Jaikishan
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-14 |title=Gujarati Film Nasoor: Hitu Kanodia and Niilam Paanchal starrer poster of Gujarati psychological thriller out {{!}} હિતુ કનોડિયા અને નીલમ પંચાલ સ્ટારર આ ગુજરાતી સાયકોલોજિકલ થ્રીલરનું પોસ્ટર આઉટ |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/gujarati-film-nasoor-hitu-kanodia-and-niilam-paanchal-starrer-poster-of-gujarati-psychological-thriller-out-210848 |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=www.gujaratimidday.com |language=gu |archive-date=7 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207182518/https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/gujarati-film-nasoor-hitu-kanodia-and-niilam-paanchal-starrer-poster-of-gujarati-psychological-thriller-out-210848 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1 March
|''Vanila Ice Cream''
|Drama
|Preet
|[[Malhar Thakar]], Yukti Randeria, [[Vandana Pathak]], Archan Trivedi, Satish Bhatt
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-22 |title=Heartwarming Tale Unveiled: 'Vanilla Icecream' – A New Gujarati Film on Love and Family |work=Newz Daddy |url=https://www.newzdaddy.com/heartwarming-tale-unveiled-vanilla-icecream-a-new-gujarati-film-on-love-and-family |access-date=2023-12-22 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228103442/https://www.newzdaddy.com/heartwarming-tale-unveiled-vanilla-icecream-a-new-gujarati-film-on-love-and-family/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|15 March
|''Maunam''
|Romance, Suspense Thriller
|Ravi Sachdev
|Bhavik Bhojak, Aanchal Shah, Maulik Chauhan, Chetan Daiya
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maunam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/maunam/movieshow/96460181.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|8 March
|''Jhopadpatti''
|Drama
|Parth Y. Bhatt
|Dishita Bhatt, Bhawini Gandhi, Bhavini Jani, [[Hemang Dave]], [[Rudraksh Nisiddh panchal]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-11 |title=Gujarati film 'Jhopadpatti' teaser unveils cinematic magic, promises true-to-life storytelling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gujarati-film-jhopadpatti-teaser-unveils-cinematic-magic-promises-true-to-life-storytelling/articleshow/103573684.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208043125/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gujarati-film-jhopadpatti-teaser-unveils-cinematic-magic-promises-true-to-life-storytelling/articleshow/103573684.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |22 March
|''Yaa Devi Sarvabhuteshu''
|Suspense thriller
|Amit Ramesh Rughani
|Kavisha Sanghvi, Anaiyaa Patel, Nisarg Trivedi, Shilpa Thakar
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yaa Devi SarvabhuteshuUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/yaa-devi-sarvabhuteshu/movieshow/108671667.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421080737/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/yaa-devi-sarvabhuteshu/movieshow/108671667.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''31st''
|Crime drama
|Pranav M. Patel
|Shraddha Dangar, [[Hitu Kanodia]], Prachi Thaker, [[Parikshit Tamaliya]], Chetan Daiya, Vipul Vithlani
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/31st-movie/movieshow/108236327.cms?from=mdr |title=31st Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{pipe}} eTimes |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 March 2024 |archive-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312184655/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/31st-movie/movieshow/108236327.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Premni Pathshala''
|Crime drama
|Naitik Desai
|Naitik Desai, Vidhi Shah, Kajal Kushwahaji, Grancy Kaneria
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Prem Ni PathsalaUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/prem-ni-pathsala/movieshow/108677725.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421080741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/prem-ni-pathsala/movieshow/108677725.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Sorry Sajna''
|Action drama romance
|Jitu Pandya
|[[Vikram Thakor]], Prinal Oberoi, Guru Patel, Yamini Joshi
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sorry SajnaUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/sorry-sajna/movieshow/108678734.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421080735/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/sorry-sajna/movieshow/108678734.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==April–June==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opening
!Name
!Genre
!Director
!Cast
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|5 April
|''Aaje Taare Javu Padshe Sasariye''
|Drama
|Prithvisinh Rajput
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Aaje Taare Javu Padshe Sasariye|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/aaje-taare-javu-padshe-sasariye/ET00397038|access-date=2024-08-23|website=BookMyShow|archive-date=21 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821200504/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/aaje-taare-javu-padshe-sasariye/ET00397038|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |19 April
|''Mukhi''
|Drama
|Kalpesh Desai
|Jeet Upendra, Krishna Zala
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=MukhiUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/mukhi/movieshow/109407761.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''Tandavam''
|Action drama
|Akib Salim Garana
|Prabhatsinh Rajput, Priyanka Chudasama, Dinkar Upadhyay, Kasif Chisty
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=TandavamUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/tandavam/movieshow/109382322.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/tandavam/movieshow/109382322.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''31st December''
|Drama
|Kalp Trivedi, Suresh Joshi
|[[Sanjay Goradia]], Yatin Parmar, Jignesh Modi, Karthik Rashtrapal
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=31st December |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/31st-december/movieshow/109215063.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/31st-december/movieshow/109215063.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|26 April
|''Dadagiri''
|Drama
|Keshav Rathod
|[[Hitu Kanodia]], Prinal Oberoi, Chandan Rathod
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/dadagiri/movieshow/109627840.cms |title=Dadagiri Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{pipe}} eTimes |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 May 2024 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515030128/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/dadagiri/movieshow/109627840.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" | 3 May
|''Life Ek Settlement''
|Family drama romance
|Ghanshyam B. Talaviya
|Samarth Sharma, Sweta Sen, Prem Gadhavi, Mamta Soni
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/life-ek-settlement/movieshow/109760996.cms |title=Life Ek Settlement Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{pipe}} eTimes |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 May 2024 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515030757/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/life-ek-settlement/movieshow/109760996.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jagat (2024 film)|Jagat]]''
|Thriller
|Harshil Bhatt
|[[Yash Soni]], Chetan Daiya, Riddhi Yadav
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-24 |title=Upcoming Gujarati Films : Krishnadev Yagnik's film 'Jagat' 'Trisha On The Rocks' release date announced, more about new Gujarati films {{!}} Upcoming Gujarati Films : આ ચાર ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મો અંગે થઈ મોટી જાહેરાત |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/upcoming-gujarati-films-krishnadev-yagnik-s-film-jagat-trisha-on-the-rocks-release-date-announced-more-about-new-gujarati-films-211550 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.gujaratimidday.com |language=gu |archive-date=9 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409134547/https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/upcoming-gujarati-films-krishnadev-yagnik-s-film-jagat-trisha-on-the-rocks-release-date-announced-more-about-new-gujarati-films-211550 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |10 May
|''Insurance Jimmy''
|Crime, Suspense, Thriller
|Parth Shukla
|Parth Shukla, Chetan Daiya, Ragi Jani, Sweety Mahavadiya, Brinda Trivedi, Maddy Kava
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Insurance Jimmy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/insurance-jimmy/movieshow/109762671.cms |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513150127/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/insurance-jimmy/movieshow/109762671.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Insurance Jimmy |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/insurance-jimmy/ET00395511 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=15 May 2024 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515105904/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/insurance-jimmy/ET00395511 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''S2G2: A Romantic Mission''
|Romance
|Rakesh Shah & Team
|Maulik Chauhan, Katha Patel, Shrey Maradia, Priyal Bhatt, Archan Trivedi
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-30 |title=Actor Maulik Chauhan takes on the role of Vivek in the romantic entertainer 'S2G2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/actor-maulik-chauhan-portrays-vivek-in-s2g2-a-romantic-entertainer/articleshow/107262509.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207185059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/actor-maulik-chauhan-portrays-vivek-in-s2g2-a-romantic-entertainer/articleshow/107262509.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-06 |title=10મી મેના રોજ રિલીઝ થઈ રહેલ ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ "S2G2- અ રોમેન્ટિક મિશન"નું પોસ્ટર લોન્ચ - Khabarpatri |url=https://khabarpatri.com/news/gujarat/poster-launch-of-gujarati-movie-s2g2-a-romantic-mission-releasing-on-10th-may/,%20https://khabarpatri.com/news/gujarat/poster-launch-of-gujarati-movie-s2g2-a-romantic-mission-releasing-on-10th-may/ |access-date=2024-04-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Maru Mann Taru Thayu''
|Romance drama
|Siddharth K Trivedi
|Bharat Chawda, Heena Varde, Mukesh Rao, Bharat Thakkar
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maru Mann Taru Thayu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/maru-mann-taru-thayu/movieshow/109129273.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082457/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/maru-mann-taru-thayu/movieshow/109129273.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|17 May
|''[[Samandar (Film)|Samandar]]''
|Gangster drama
|Vishal Vada Vala
|[[Mayur Chauhan]], Jagjeet Singh Vadher, Dharmendra Gohil, [[Deeksha Joshi]], Chetan Dhanani
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-30 |title=Samandar' teaser: Mayur Chauhan and Jagjeethsinh Vadher to headline a complete gangster drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/samandar-teaser-mayur-chauhan-and-jagjeethsinh-vadher-to-headline-a-complete-gangster-drama/articleshow/103210843.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208043706/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/samandar-teaser-mayur-chauhan-and-jagjeethsinh-vadher-to-headline-a-complete-gangster-drama/articleshow/103210843.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-10 |title=Samandar |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/samandar/ET00386122 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=10 April 2024 |archive-date=10 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410093142/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/samandar/ET00386122 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|24 May
|''Aanganwadi''
|Drama
|Devesh Raval
|Bhavik Bhojak, Pooja K. Doshi, Morli Patel, Ratan Rangwani, Maddy Kava
|<ref>https://in.bookmyshow.com/mehsana/movies/aanganwadi/ET00396761</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/aanganwadi/movieshow/110146521.cms |title=Aanganwadi Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{pipe}} eTimes |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 May 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526082942/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/aanganwadi/movieshow/110146521.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Roshni: Confused Girl''
|Drama
|Jagdish Soni
|Kinjal Raval, Uren Kumar, Sandy Varma and Nirav Kalal
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/roshani-confused-girl/movieshow/110091837.cms |title=Roshani Confused Girl Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{pipe}} eTimes |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 May 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526082943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/roshani-confused-girl/movieshow/110091837.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|31 May
|''[[Jhamkudi]]''
|Horror comedy
|Umang Vyas
|Viraj Ghelani, [[Mansi Parekh]], [[Sanjay Goradia]], Ojas Rawal, Chetan Daiya
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-10 |title=Gujarati film 'Jhamkudi' set to thrill audiences with a unique blend of horror and comedy; check out the trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gujarati-film-jhamkudi-set-to-thrill-audiences-with-a-unique-blend-of-horror-and-comedy-check-out-the-trailer/articleshow/110006026.cms |access-date=2024-06-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|7 June
|''Chupp''
|Drama suspense mystery
|Nishithkumar Brahmabhatt
|[[Hiten Kumar]], Morli Patel, Akash Pandya, Vikee Shah
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chupp |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chupp/movieshow/110212137.cms |access-date=2024-06-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621061501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chupp/movieshow/110212137.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |14 June
|''Love You Baa''
|Drama
|Raju Somabhai Patel
|Denisha Ghumra, Bhavini Jani, Danesh Gandhi, Ragi Jani
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Love You BaaUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/love-you-baa/movieshow/110969592.cms |access-date=2024-06-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621061502/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/love-you-baa/movieshow/110969592.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Jalul Jalul Thi Aavjo''
|Drama
|Purvesh Parmar
|Hardik Bhavsar, Kavya Jethwa, Vivek Buch and Prashant Barot
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jalul Jalul Thi AavjoU |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/jalul-jalul-thi-aavjo/movieshow/110969594.cms |access-date=2024-06-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|21 June
|''[[Trisha On The Rocks]]''
|Romance comedy drama
|[[Krishnadev Yagnik]]
|[[Janki Bodiwala]], Ravi Gohil, [[Hiten Kumar]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

== July–September ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opening
!Name
!Genre
!Director
!Cast
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|5 July
|''[[Builder Boys]]''
|Comedy
|Chanakya Patel
|[[Raunaq Kamdar]], Shivam Parekh, [[Esha Kansara]], [[Rudraksh Nisiddh panchal]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-18 |title=Builder Boys': Makers of 'Chabutro' return with a new comedy film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/builder-boys-makers-of-chabutro-return-with-a-new-comedy-film/articleshow/109395417.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001063819/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/builder-boys-makers-of-chabutro-return-with-a-new-comedy-film/articleshow/109395417.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|19 July
|''[[Ram Bharosey]]''
|Romance
|Vishal Vada Vala
|Dhairya Rathod, Reeva Rachh, Maulik Nayak, Nilesh Parmar
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-18 |title=ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ : 'રામ ભરોસે'નું ટીઝર થયું રિલીઝ - નિર્દેશક વિશાલ વડા વાલા કરાવશે ગીરની સફર |url=https://navgujaratsamay.com/gujarati-film-ram-bharose-teaser-released-director-vishal-vada-vala-takes-viewers-on-a-journey-to-gir/249576.html |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=Navgujarat Samay}}</ref>
|-

|26 July
|''Chor Chor''
|Comedy
|Rajan Rathod
|Viveka Patel, Rajan Rathod, Anuraag Prapanna, Sunil Visharani, Hemang Shah, Bhushan bhatt, Bhoomika Patel
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-29 |title=Chor Chor Film Details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chor-chor/movieshow/112105894.cms |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808132108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/chor-chor/movieshow/112105894.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2 August
|''Karkhanu''
|Horror comedy
|Rushabh Thanki
|[[Kaajal Oza Vaidya]], Archan Trivedi, Makrand, Raju Barot, Parth Madhukrushna, Hardik Shastri, Harshdeepsinh Jadeja, Dadhichi Thaker, Rudraksh Nisiddh panchal
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-28 |title=સ્માર્ટ હોરર કોમેડી ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ "કારખાનું"નું ટીઝર લોન્ચ - Khabarpatri |url=https://khabarpatri.com/teaser-launch-of-smart-horror-comedy-gujarati-movie-karkhanu/ |access-date=2024-08-21 |language=en-US |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001063808/https://khabarpatri.com/teaser-launch-of-smart-horror-comedy-gujarati-movie-karkhanu/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=KarkhanuUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/karkhanu/movieshow/112220067.cms |access-date=2024-08-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823065357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/karkhanu/movieshow/112220067.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Natak!''
|Comedy drama
|K. R. Devmani
|Maulik Chauhan, Krina Pathak, Jaikrishna Rathod, Dipika Raval, Hetal Barot
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natak! |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/natak/ET00406546 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=BookMyShow |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821195048/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/natak/ET00406546 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vaar Tahevaar]]''
|Romance
|Chinmay Purohit
|[[Monal Gajjar]], [[Parikshit Tamaliya]], [[Tiku Talsania]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-18 |title=ન્યુ જનરેશન માટે પ્રેમ એક પ્રોબલમની સ્ટોરી દર્શાવતી ફિલ્મ "વાર તહેવાર"ની રિલીઝ ડેટ જાહેર |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/vaar-tahevaar-the-upcoming-gujarati-film-will-show-new-generation-thinking-about-love-film-will-release-on-2nd-august-223209 |access-date=2024-07-10 |work=Mid Day |archive-date=11 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711100615/https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/vaar-tahevaar-the-upcoming-gujarati-film-will-show-new-generation-thinking-about-love-film-will-release-on-2nd-august-223209 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|9 August
|''Natvar Urfe NTR''
|Drama
|Devesh Raval
|Aanchal Shah, Chetan Daiya, Kalpana Gagdekar, Archan Trivedi, Ragi Jani, Maddy Kava
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Natvar Urfe NTRU |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/natvar-urfe-ntr/movieshow/112378489.cms |access-date=2024-08-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821194057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/natvar-urfe-ntr/movieshow/112378489.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|15 August
|''Bhai Ni Beni Ladki''
|Family drama
|Kumar K Makvana
|[[Vikram Thakor]], Aanshi Barot, Arzu Limbachiya, Jitu Pandya, Sanjay Patel, Kumar K Makwana, Sonal, Paresh
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhai Ni Beni Ladki |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/bhai-ni-beni-ladki/ET00408233 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=21 August 2024 |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821193640/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/bhai-ni-beni-ladki/ET00408233 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|23 August
|''[[Fakt Purusho Maate]]''
|Comedy
|Jay Bodas, Parth Trivedi
|[[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Yash Soni]], [[Darshan Jariwala]], [[Mitra Gadhavi]], [[Esha Kansara]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-18 |title='Fakt Purusho Maate' teaser promises fun-filled entertainment for fans |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/fakt-purusho-maate-teaser-promises-fun-filled-entertainment-for-fans/articleshow/111818018.cms |access-date=2024-07-18 |work=Mid Day |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722121538/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/fakt-purusho-maate-teaser-promises-fun-filled-entertainment-for-fans/articleshow/111818018.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|30 August
|''Vhala Thodu Samjo To Saru''
|Drama
|Rajesh Bhatt Dholka
|Kalpesh Patel, Moksha Shukla, Dipika Raval, Vijay Desai, Bhumika Ralhonde, Archan Trivedi, Krunal Bhatt, Mantra Pandya
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vhala Thodu Samjo To Saru |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/vhala-thodu-samjo-to-saru/ET00410627 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|6 September
|''[[Udan Chhoo]]''
|Drama
|Anish Shah
|[[Aarohi Patel]], Aarjav Trivedi, [[Deven Bhojani]], [[Prachee Shah Paandya]], [[Rudraksh Nisiddh panchal]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-06 |title=Deven Bhojani, Prachee Shah Paandya, Aarjav Trivedi, and Aarohi to team up for 'Udan Chhoo' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/deven-bhojani-prachee-shah-paandya-aarjav-trivedi-and-aarohi-to-team-up-for-udan-chhoo/articleshow/109085517.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |13 September
|''Interview''
|Drama
|Killol Parmar
|[[Parikshit Tamaliya]], Sohni Bhatt, Devangi Bhatt, Kamal Joshi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/interview/ET00408692 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=BookMyShow |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821195950/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/interview/ET00408692 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Frendo (film)|Frendo]]''
|Comedy
|Vipul Sharma
|Tushar Sadhu, Twinkal Patel, Deep Vaidya, Kushal Mistry, Jay Pandya, Prashant Barot, Jimini Trivedi
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-06 |title=Tushar Sadhu returns with 'Frendo': A fun-filled Gujarati film to hit screen on 13th September 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/tushar-sadhu-returns-with-frendo-a-fun-filled-gujarati-film-to-hit-screens-on-13th-september-2024/articleshow/111441168.cms |access-date=2024-07-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001063809/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/tushar-sadhu-returns-with-frendo-a-fun-filled-gujarati-film-to-hit-screens-on-13th-september-2024/articleshow/111441168.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |20 September
|''[[Locha Laapsi]]''
|Thriller Comedy
|Sachin Brahmbhatt
|[[Malhar Thakar]], [[Chirag Vohra]], [[Vaibhavi Upadhyay]], Chetan Dhanani
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-21 |title=Chetan Dhanani, Malhar Thakar, and others start dubbing for the film 'Locha Lapsi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/chetan-dhanani-malhar-thakar-and-others-start-dubbing-for-the-film-locha-lapsi/articleshow/84608481.cms |access-date=2021-07-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912210332/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/chetan-dhanani-malhar-thakar-and-others-start-dubbing-for-the-film-locha-lapsi/articleshow/84608481.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Pratikar''
|Drama
|Dharmin Patel
|Mamta Soni, Adi Irani, Umang Acharya, Paresh Bhatt
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=PratikarUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/pratikar/movieshow/113741580.cms |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930165843/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/pratikar/movieshow/113741580.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Satrangi Re...''
|Drama
|Irshad Dalal
|Raj Baasira, Katha Patel, [[Mehul Buch]], Prashant Barot
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-28 |title=I feel lucky to be a part of this phase of Gujarati cinema: Katha Patel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/i-feel-lucky-to-be-a-part-of-this-phase-of-gujarati-cinema-katha-patel/articleshow/103119402.cms |access-date=2023-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806122459/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/i-feel-lucky-to-be-a-part-of-this-phase-of-gujarati-cinema-katha-patel/articleshow/103119402.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|27 September
|''Ranbhoomi''
|Social drama
|Nilesh Chovatiya
|Harshal Mankad, Sheetal Patel, Vipul Viththlani, [[Mehul Buch]], Pooja Soni, Manin Trivedi, Chetas Oza, Mitresh Verma
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=RanbhoomiUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/ranbhoomi/movieshow/113688363.cms |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001063801/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/ranbhoomi/movieshow/113688363.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=કચ્છના જ બેકડ્રોપ સાથે તૈયાર થયેલી ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ 'રણભૂમી' આગામી 30 ઓગષ્ટે રીલીઝ થશે |url=https://www.gstv.in/news/null/ranbhoomi-a-gujarati-film-will-release-on-august-30 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=GSTV News |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== October–December ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opening
!Name
!Genre
!Director
!Cast
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |11 October
|''[[Bhalle Padharya]]''
|Horror Comedy
|Maniesh Kumar Madhav
|[[Bharat Chawda]], Prem Gadhavi, Saurabh Rajyaguru
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/bhalle-padharya/ET00413626| title= Bhalle Padharya |newspaper= Bookmyshow}}</ref>
|-
|''Hu Tara Vina Kai Nai''
|Drama
|Dhruval Sodagar
|Umesh Barot, Rubina Belim, Nisarg Trivedi, Jaimini Trivedi
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hu Tara Vina Kai NaiUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/hu-tara-vina-kai-nai/movieshow/114551418.cms |access-date=2024-10-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|12 October
|''Jagdish Dilwalo''
|Drama
|Amit Bhatt
|Jagdish Thakor, Jitu Pandya, Ayush Jadeja
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagdish Dilwalo |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/rajkot/movies/jagdish-dilwalo/ET00415809 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |18 October
|''Karma Wallet''
|Drama
|Vipul Sharma
|Tushar Sadhu, Jay Pandya, Shreya Dave, Prashant Barot, Jaimini Trivedi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karma Wallet |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/karma-wallet/ET00410278|access-date=2024-09-12 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|''Hahacar''
|Comedy drama
|Pratiksinh Chavda
|[[Mayur Chauhan]], Hemang Shah, Mayank Gadhavi, Chetan Daiya, Hetal Puniwala
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hahacar |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/hahacar/ET00407336 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821195949/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/hahacar/ET00407336 |archive-date=21 August 2024 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|25 October
|''Daitya''
|Horror drama
|Mitul Gupte
|Anuradha Rudrapriya, Ruby Thakkar, Kinnary Pankti Panchal, Hanif Mir
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=DaityaUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/daitya/movieshow/114552665.cms |access-date=2024-10-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|1 November
|''Hal Bheru Gamde''
|Drama
|Harsukh Patel
|[[Vikram Thakor]], Vidhi Shah, Sweta Sen, Jitu Pandya, Guru Patel, Jayndera Mehta, Jitu Pandya, Pratima T., Hitesh Raval, Kalpesh Patel
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hal Bheru Gamde |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/mumbai/movies/hal-bheru-gamde/ET00417889 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|7 November
|''Kale Lagan Chhe !?!''
|Romantic comedy
|Humayun Makrani
|[[Parikshit Tamaliya]], Puja Joshi, Anurag Prapanna, Dipika Raval, Jignesh Modi, Maulik Pathak, Rudraksh Nisiddh panchal
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kale Lagan Chhe !?! |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/kale-lagan-chhe-/ET00408860 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=BookMyShow |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821201002/https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/kale-lagan-chhe-/ET00408860 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |15 November
|''[[Ajab Raat Ni Gajab Vaat]]''
|Comedy
|Prem Gadhavi, Killol Parmar
|[[Bhavya Gandhi]], [[Aarohi Patel]], Deep Vaidya, Harsh Thakkar, Radhika Barot
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-07 |title=Aarohi Patel unveils artistic first look of 'Ajab Raat Ni Gajab Vaat' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/aarohi-patel-unveils-artistic-first-look-of-ajab-raat-ni-gajab-vaat/articleshow/112327480.cms |access-date=2024-08-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=14 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814063659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/aarohi-patel-unveils-artistic-first-look-of-ajab-raat-ni-gajab-vaat/articleshow/112327480.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Bubbly Bindaas''
|Comedy
|Vasant Narkar
|Nirali Oza, Ravi Omprakash Rao, Grancy Kaneria, Krina Pathak, Kartik Rashtrapal, Magan Luhar, [[Arvind Vegda]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bubbly Bindass |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/bubbly-bindaas/ET00418693 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |22 November
|''[[The Great Gujarati Matrimony]]''
|Romance
|Preet
|[[Hiten Kumar]], [[Mitra Gadhavi]], [[Siddhi Idnani]], [[Devarshi Shah]],
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-28 |title=Mitra Gadhvi to entertain with romantic flick 'The Great Gujarati Matrimony', unveils motion poster |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/mitra-gadhvi-to-entertain-with-romantic-flick-the-great-gujarati-matrimony-unveils-motion-poster/articleshow/113766067.cms |access-date=2024-09-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=14 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814063659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/mitra-gadhvi-to-entertain-with-romantic-flick-the-great-gujarati-matrimony-unveils-motion-poster/articleshow/113766067.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Lattha Sadan''
|Comedy
|Hemin Trivedi
|Hardik Sangani, Maulik Nayak, Kuldeep Gor, Jay Bhatt, Ujjval Dave
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lattha Sadan |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/ahmedabad/movies/lattha-sadan/ET00416395|access-date=2024-10-24 |website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
|22 November
|''Sasan''
|Drama
|Ashok Ghosh
|Anjali Barot, Chetan Dhanani, [[Mayur Chauhan]], [[Ragini Shah]], [[Mehul Buch]], Maulik Nayak, Chirag Jani
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/sasan/ET00418991/|title=Sasan (2024)|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|27 December
|''Bhoomi''
|Drama
|Bhavin Trivedi
|Ragi Jani, Yamini Joshi, Hitesh Thakar
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=BhoomiU |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/bhoomi/movieshow/116886214.cms |access-date=2025-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Gujarati cinema]]
* [[List of Gujarati films]]
* [[List of Gujarati films of 2025]]
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Gujarati|List of highest-grossing Gujarati films]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{2024 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

[[Category:Lists of Gujarati films by year|2024]]
[[Category:Lists of 2024 films by language|Gujarati]]
[[Category:2024 in Indian cinema|Gujarati]]

Abhishek Nath

2026-04-07T19:47:28Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put Up A Stub First Draft

{{short description|Indian social entrepreneur working in sanitation, founder of LooCafe}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abhishek Nath
| image = Abhishek Nath.png
| caption = Nath in 2019
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|10|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad, India]]
| education = [[Hotel Management]]
| occupation = [[CEO]], [[LooCafe]] & Ixora Group
| known_for = Founding [[LooCafe]] and working in [[sanitation|WASH]] in India
}}
'''Abhishek Nath''' is an Indian [[Businessperson|businessman]], [[Social entrepreneurship|social entrepreneur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Ahana |date=2022-10-05 |title=Loocafé Founder Abhishek Nath shares how they are changing India’s public toilet scene |url=https://thecsrjournal.in/loocafe-founder-abhishek-nath-shares-how-they-are-changing-indias-public-toilet-scene/ |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=The CSR Journal |language=en-GB}}</ref> He is the founder of [[LooCafe]], an India-based organization focused on WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene), environmental sanitation, and waste management.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Ahana |date=2022-10-05 |title=Loocafé Founder Abhishek Nath shares how they are changing India’s public toilet scene |url=https://thecsrjournal.in/loocafe-founder-abhishek-nath-shares-how-they-are-changing-indias-public-toilet-scene/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=The CSR Journal |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The parent company of [[LooCafe]], Ixora Corporate Services, which Nath also founded, operates in urban sanitation and [[facility management]] for public spaces.

Nath serves as the chair of the [[All India Management Association]]'s Young Leaders Council.<ref>{{Cite web |title=YLC Young Leaders Talk {{!}} Abhishek Nath |url=https://www.aima.in/management-tv/details/ylc-young-leaders-talk-abhishek-nath |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=www.aima.in}}</ref> He has collaborated with the [[Swachh Bharat Mission]] and leads a private company involved in [[Swachh Survekshan]] initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhaskar |first=Anisha Bhatia, Sonia |date=2018-07-26 |title=Hyderabad To Go Swachh With 130 Loo Cafes, Equipped With Smart Toilets, Cafes And ATM Services |url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/hyderabad-go-swachh-130-loo-cafes-equipped-smart-toilets-cafes-atm-services-23313/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=NDTV-Dettol Banega Swasth Swachh India |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Movement for sanitation and hygiene ==
After leaving his roles at [[Johnson Controls]] and [[Taj Hotels]], Abhishek Nath began working in urban sanitation. He founded Ixora Corporate Services (ICS), a facility management company, and became involved in the [[Swachh Bharat Mission]] for urban sanitation work with heritage sites, such as the Charminar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2018-01-04 |title=GHMC takes special steps to keep Charminar surroundings clean |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hyderabad-Tab/2018-01-03/GHMC-takes-special-steps-to-keep-Charminar-surroundings-clean/349731 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

He first noticed the failing structures of brick and mortar [[Public toilet]]s and their pay to use system, which did not work out due to operations costs and high philanthropic investment needs.<ref name=":0" />

Then established [[LooCafe]] where he created a structure of a public toilet that was prefabricated, free for toilet use, attached to a [[Point of sale]] (café) built inside a shipping container.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nitnaware |first=Himanshu |date=2020-12-07 |title=Hyderabad Man Turns Shipping Containers Into Solar 'Loocafes' With Stink Sensors |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/244124/hyderabad-startup-loocafe-ixora-fm-abhishek-nath-ghmc-public-toilet-innovation-him16/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref> The model also supports social change, as it helps urbanization of street hawkers into established businesses and creates employment directly through its structure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kosuru |first=Amrutha |date=2022-05-07 |title=28 Toilet Tales highlight entrepreneurial dedication to transform public toilets |url=https://newsmeter.in/hyderabad/28-toilet-tales-highlight-entrepreneurial-dedication-to-transform-public-toilets-695170 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=newsmeter.in |language=en}}</ref>

After founding LooCafe in 2018<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-23 |title=Loo Café: Luxurious washrooms with ATM in Hyderabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/loo-caf-luxurious-washrooms-with-atm-in-city/articleshow/64282784.cms |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> in Hyderabad, he has worked on expanding their operations into sanitation technology,<ref>{{Cite news |title=How smart tech is leaving public loos smelling of roses |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-smart-tech-is-leaving-public-loos-smelling-of-roses/articleshow/73197828.cms |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> waste management, and building circular economy models.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-12 |title=Hyderabad: Going to this restroom will be a futuristic experience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/going-to-this-restroom-will-be-a-futuristic-experience/articleshow/71547663.cms |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2025, Nath launched ReFlow Toilets, a sanitation infrastructure initiative focused on district-level deployments that promotes Bio-Circular Resource Technology (B-CRT).

Currently, the company counts 400 such structures across India. With operations set up in Hyderabad,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kims Hospitals |title=LooCafe in KIMS Hospital Featurette |url=https://assets.kimshospitals.com/docs/production/15_1688387311.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-16 |title=India’s first exclusive dog park comes up in Hyderabad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-first-exclusive-dog-park-comes-up-in-hyderabad/story-xEjx2abiZyyd43e9W6GjQJ.html |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Lekshmi Priya |date=2018-05-24 |title=Hyderabad Is Getting 'Smart' Toilets with Swanky Cafés & ATMs Attached! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/142779/loo-cafe-hyderabad-smart-toilets-swanky-cafes-atms-attached/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref> Srinagar,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paitandy |first=Priyadarshini |date=2021-05-05 |title=Comfort stop: Hyderabad-based Loo Café makes its way to Tamil Nadu and Karnataka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/the-relief-factory/article34487431.ece |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Bengaluru, Chandigarh,<ref>{{Cite news |last=The Tribune |title=Chandigarh all set to get LooCafes |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/city-all-set-to-get-loo-cafe-405584}}</ref> Mumbai,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |date=2023-12-01 |title=Bihar: Loo Cafe to Grace Patna at Six Locations with Modern Toilet Facilities |url=https://patnapress.com/bihar-loo-cafe-to-grace-patna-at-six-locations-with-modern-toilet-facilities/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Patna Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Chennai,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kandavel |first=Sangeetha |date=2022-05-12 |title=Chennai’s first free luxury toilet with a cafe attached opened at Indira Nagar MRTS |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/chennais-first-free-luxury-toilet-with-a-cafe-attached-opened-at-indira-nagar-mrts/article65408393.ece |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Patna,<ref>{{Cite news |title=LooCafe will be built in Patna |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/news/loo-cafe-will-be-built-in-patna-on-the-lines-of-mumbai-132218492.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref> Pune, Indore, Mohali.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-23 |title=Hyderabad Gets Swanky Washrooms That Have ATMs Too |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/hyderabad-gets-swanky-washrooms-that-have-atms-too-345943.html |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
[[File:WASH Stewardship award.jpg|thumb|Abhishek Nath receiving the WASH Stewardship Award by [[K. T. Rama Rao]] former Minister of MA&UD, IT&EC|alt=Abhishek Nath receiving the WASH Stewardship Award by K. T. Rama Rao former Minister of MA&UD, IT&EC|border]]
In 2016, he won Cleaning leader of the Year award by Clean and Green India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=AP News |title=The first edition of clean green India 2016 commences |url=https://www.apnnews.com/the-first-edition-of-clean-green-india-2016-commences-today/}}</ref> In 2019, he won [[Confederation of Indian Industry]] awards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CII Awards - Home |url=https://www.innovationawards.ciiinnovation.in/Winners-2019.php |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=www.innovationawards.ciiinnovation.in}}</ref> In 2020, his work was featured by the [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) as a best practice<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNDP |title=Practices: LooCafe |url=https://grid.undp.org.in/practices/9o3izjHtq741VS}}</ref> In the 2022 edition of InkWASH, he was awarded with the WASH Stewardship Award, In the 2023 edition, he was a featured speaker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INK@WASH Goa-2023 |url=https://washinnovationhub.in/inkwash-goa/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=washinnovationhub.in}}</ref> His work was also a featured Innovation in the WASH book of Innovations.<ref>{{Cite book |title=WASH Book of Innovations |publisher=Administrative Staff College of India}}</ref> His work has been claimed to have brought about reforms in the [[Public toilet]] and sanitation space using sustainability and technology.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dev |first=Sudipta |date=2020-01-08 |title=How technology is powering sustainable public toilets in Telangana |url=https://www.expresscomputer.in/startup/how-technology-is-powering-sustainable-public-toilets-in-telangana/45072/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Express Computer |language=en-US}}</ref> Currently, [[LooCafe]]'s are India's most widespread public toilet models.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Liffy |date=2023-11-21 |title=World Toilet Day: changing the narrative |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/world-toilet-day-changing-the-narrative/article67557113.ece |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[File:LooCafe winning CII's Most Innovative Company Award.jpg|thumb|LooCafé — Ixora corporate services has been selected as the most Innovative company in services category Nationally — CII]]
[[File:Abhishek Nath LooCafe.jpg|thumb|Abhishek Nath, founder of LooCafe, standing in front of the LooCafe logo]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nath, Abhishek}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]

Raghbir Singh (politician)

2026-03-31T04:56:19Z

Ansuma Basumatary: New a biography

{{short description|Indian politician (1895–1955)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raghbir Singh
| image = Col. Raghbir Singh.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| office = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] of the [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]]
| term = 8 March 1954 – 7 January 1955
| predecessor = [[President's rule]]
| successor = [[Brish Bhan]]
| constituency = Patiala Sadar
| office1 = Premier of PEPSU
| term1 = 23 May 1951 – 21 April 1952
| predecessor1 = [[Gian Singh Rarewala]]
| successor1 = Gian Singh Rarewala {{small|(as Chief Minister)}}
| birth_date = {{birth year|1895}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], Punjab Province, British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1955|1|7|1895|df=yes}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children = [[Amarjit Kaur]]
}}
'''Raghbir Singh''' (1895 – 7 January 1955) was an Indian politician and independence activist who served as the 2nd [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] of the former state of the [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]] (PESPU).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html#PEPSU |title=worldstatesmen.org PEPSU |access-date=13 March 2021 |archive-date=18 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618002451/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html#PEPSU |url-status=live }}</ref>

Raghbir Singh was born in a village of [[Lahore]] in 1895.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=8 January 2021 |title=Biography of ex-PEPSU CM Col Raghbir Singh to be released soon |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/biography-of-ex-pepsu-cm-to-be-released-soon-196006?from=mdr |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> His lineage included Sardar Sahib Singh and Sardar Lakkha Singh, who were responsible for the early upbringing and education in the use of arms of [[Maharaja]] [[Ranjit Singh]] of the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/patiala/biography-of-ex-pepsu-cm-col-raghbir-singh-to-be-released-soon-196006 Biography of ex-pepsu cm to be released soon]. 9 January 2021. ''The Tribune''. Retrieved 13 March 2021.</ref><ref name=":0" />

Singh was introduced into the services of [[Patiala State]] by [[Maharaja of Patiala|Maharaja]] [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Bhupinder Singh]] and in 1926, he become the [[Inspector General of Police]].<ref name=":0" /> Singh played a pivotal role in bringing about a compromise between Patiala Sate and the [[Akali movement]] during the uprising of 1942, and he later founded the Lok Sewak Sabha political party.<ref name=":0" /> Lok Sewak Sabha later merged into the [[Indian National Congress]] and he eventually became the home minister of PEPSU state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/other-historical-places/punjab/patiala-and-east-punjab-states-union|title=Patiala and East Punjab States Union|publisher=The Sikh Encyclopedia|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125923/https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/other-historical-places/punjab/patiala-and-east-punjab-states-union|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He was appointed as the 2nd Premier of PEPSU after the resignation of [[Gian Singh Rarewala]] as Premier; however, in the [[1952 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|1952 assembly election]], the Congress failed to get a majority and Rarewala became the first Chief Minister of PEPSU.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=IP |date=15 June 2024 |title=Akali Dal and Jan Sangh-BJP: Long history as adversaries & friends |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/akali-dal-and-jan-singh-bjp-long-history-as-adversaries-friends/articleshow/110703828.cms |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> After a brief period of [[President's rule]] in the state, in the [[1954 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|1954 assembly election]], the Congress gained a majority and Singh became the 2nd Chief Minister of State and held the office until his death on 7 January 1955.<ref>Singh, Gursharan (1991). ''History of PEPSU, India: Patiala and East Punjab States Union, 1948-1956'', Delhi: Konark Publishers, {{ISBN|81-220-0244-7}}</ref> His daughter, [[Amarjit Kaur]], was a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] and married Kunwar Devinder Singh, son of Bhupinder Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2019 |title=Captain’s uncle passes away |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/captain%E2%80%99s-uncle-passes-away-747770 |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=The Tribune}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Raghbir}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1955 deaths]]
[[Category:Patiala State]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Indian states]]

{{PunjabIN-INC-politician-stub}}

Ranjithame

2026-03-26T13:32:01Z

Ansuma Basumatary: refined details per sources per standard format

{{for|the song|Varisu (soundtrack)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name =
| image =
| genre = [[Family]] [[Drama]]
| creator = [[Vikatan Televistas]]
| screenplay = C.U Muthuselvan & jagan
V.Padmavathy
| creative_director = [[Vikatan Televistas]]
| director = M. Iniyan Dinesh
| starring = {{ubl|
* Shiv Sathish
* [[Manishajith]]
* [[Roopa Sree]]
}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 436 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-ranjithame-completes-300-episodes/articleshow/111512549.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Ranjithame' completes 300 episodes|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
| company = Kalaignar Media [[Vikatan Televistas]]
| theme_music_composer = Kiran
| open_theme = Ranjithame
| music =
| cinematography = SuMee Baskaran
| editor = B.Chandru
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 20–22 minutes per episode
| channel = [[Kalaignar TV]]
|executive_producer = R.UmeshKumaran
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|07|17|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|12|14|df=y}}
}}

'''''Ranjithame''''' ({{translation|'Pleasant'}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language television series directed by M. Iniyan Dinesh<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/others/1021064-iniyan-dinesh-new-serial-ranjithame.html|title=இனியன் தினேஷ் இயக்கும் புதிய தொடர் 'ரஞ்சிதமே'|website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]|language=ta}}</ref> and produced by [[Vikatan Televistas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/television-kalaignar-tv-to-launch-ranjithame-serial-soon-989655.html|title=ரஞ்சிதமே... விஜய் பாட்டை டைட்டிலாக வைத்து புதிய சீரியல்!|website=[[News18 Tamil Nadu]]|date=24 May 2023 |language=ta}}</ref> The show stars Shiv Sathish, [[Manishajith]] and [[Roopa Sree]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/television-bharathi-kannamma-roopa-sree-to-play-an-important-role-in-ranjithame-serial-1039849.html|title=பாரதி கண்ணம்மா செளந்தர்யாவின் புதிய சீரியல்!|website=[[News18 Tamil Nadu]]|date=29 June 2023 |language=ta}}</ref> in lead role. It began airing on [[Kalaignar TV]] in 2023 and ended on 14 December 2024 with 436 episodes,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-ranjithame-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/101687394.cms|title=New TV serial 'Ranjithame' on Kalaignar TV|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> streams on [[Vikatan Televistas|Vikatan TV]] YouTube channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/vikatan-televistas-ranjithame-tv-serial-to-be-telecasted-in-kalaignar-tv-and-vikatan-tv-youtube-channel|title=விகடன் டெலிவிஸ்டாஸின் 'ரஞ்சிதமே' தொடர் - இன்று முதல் டிவி மற்றும் யூடியூபில் பார்க்கலாம்!|website=cinema.vikatan.com|date=17 July 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>

==Plot==
In the bustling streets of a quaint town nestled amidst rolling hills, there lived a young woman named Ranjitha, whose spirit burned brighter than the sun's rays that kissed the earth each morning. Despite the serenity of her surroundings, her life was far from tranquil. Ranjitha found herself caught in the suffocating grip of familial expectations, particularly within the confines of her sister's home. The sanctuary she sought had turned into a battleground, with her brother-in-law's unwelcome advances serving as a constant reminder of the vulnerability she faced as a woman.Fueled by a fierce determination to carve her own destiny, Ranjitha made the bold decision to flee the suffocating confines of her sister's home, leaving behind the familiar comforts but also the shackles of societal norms that sought to confine her. Will she ever overcome the obstacles that her brother in law set for her and please Vedavelli and marry Arun, her one true love?

Meanwhile, in another corner of the town, stood Arun, a man whose kindness was as boundless as the love he held for his family. Raised by a doting mother and surrounded by three adoring sisters, Arun's life seemed to unfold in perfect harmony with the expectations set by his loving family. Yet, beneath the facade of contentment, Arun wrestled with his own internal conflicts, torn between the duty he owed to his family and the desires that stirred within his heart. Fate, it seemed, had intertwined the paths of Ranjitha and Arun, two souls seeking solace amidst the chaos of their lives. As they crossed each other's paths, their hearts resonated with an unspoken understanding, kindling a flame of love that refused to be extinguished. But love, as they say, is not without its trials. As Ranjitha and Arun embarked on their journey of love, they found themselves confronted by the formidable barrier of Arun's mother, Vedhavalli. A woman of unwavering resolve and traditional values, Vedhavalli stood as a formidable obstacle in the path of their love, her ego clashing with Ranjitha's fierce independence.

==Cast==
===Main cast===
* [[Manishajith]] as Ranjitha Arun, wife of Arun, daughter-in-law of Vedha and Rathnam, sister-in-law of Vidhya, Sudha and Chitra (Female Protagonist)
* Shiv Sathish as Arun Rathnam, son of Vedha and Rathnam, younger brother of Vidhya, elder brother of Sudha and Chitra (Male Protagonist)

=== Supporting ===
* Madhumikha Srinivasu as Vidhya Rathnam, elder daughter of Vedha and Rathnam, elder sister of Arun, Sudha and Chitra
* [[Yuvanraj Nethrun]] / Sathya Sudhakar as Sundaramurthy "Sundar", husband of Seethalakshmi, younger brother of Vedha and younger brother–in–law of Rathnam and maternal uncle of Vidhya, Arun, Sudha and Chithra
* Akila as Seethalakshmi "Simran" Sundar, wife of Sundar, younger sister–in–law of Vedhavalli and younger sister of Rathnam and maternal aunt of Vidhya, Arun, Sudha and Chithra
* Sandhyadhaiyan as Sudha Rathnam, 2nd daughter of Vedha and Rathnam, 1st younger sister of Vidhya and Arun, 2nd elder sister of Chitra
* Chippu Chippy / Unknown as Chitra Rathnam, last daughter of Vedha and Rathnam, last sister of Vidhya, Arun and Sudha
* Ramnath Shetty as Rathnakumar "Rathnam", husband of Vedha, elder brother-in-law of Sundar, elder brother of Seethalakshmi, father of Vidhya, Arun, Sudha and Chitra
* [[Roopa Sree]] as Vedhavalli "Vedha" Rathnam, wife of Rathnam, mother of Vidhya, Arun, Sudha and Chitra, elder sister of Sundar, elder sister–in–law of Seethalakshmi
* Avinash / Tharun Appasamy as Ravi, a womanizer who cheats Sudha and Chitra in the name of love
* Subbulakshmi / Unknown / Dhanu Shiva as Gomathi Dheenan, wife of Dheenan and elder sister of Ranjitha
* Hari Krishnan as Dheenadhayalan "Dheena / Dheenan", husband of Gomathi and brother–in–law of Ranjitha who has an obsession on Ranjitha and desire to marry her (Male Antagonist)
* Unknown / Pradeepa Muthu / Shakthi Rao as Kalpana, Vidhya's sister–in–law who seeks revenge on her elder brother's death (Secondary Antagonist)
* Padmini Chandrasekaran as Kalpana's mother and Vidhya's ex–mother–in–law

== Production ==
=== Development ===
On 26 February 2021 [[Vikatan Televistas]] confirmed [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]'s old serial ([[Nayagi (TV series)|Nayagi]] and [[Deivamagal]]) going to re-telecast on [[Kalaignar TV]] from 1 March 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/deivamagal-and-nayagi-serials-are-coming-soon-in-kalaignar-tv|title="திரும்ப வந்துட்டோம்னு சொல்லுங்க..."- மீண்டும் உங்கள் அபிமான 'தெய்வ மகள்', 'நாயகி' சீரியல்கள்!|website=cinema.vikatan.com|date=26 February 2021 |language=ta}}</ref> By the end of February 2023, [[Kalaignar TV]] confirmed through a press release that it would distribute new Tamil serial, to be produced by [[Vikatan Televistas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/vikatan-televistas-ranjithame-serial-launch-to-be-telecasted-in-kalaignar-tv|title=விகடன் டெலிவிஸ்டாஸின் அடுத்த படைப்பு: வருகிற திங்கள் முதல் ஒளிபரப்பாக இருக்கும் 'ரஞ்சிதமே' தொடர்!|website=[[Dinamalar]]|date=15 July 2023 |language=ta}}</ref> Initially, the title of the serial was named Unnai Ninaithu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-unnai-ninaithu-to-be-launched-soon/articleshow/99140028.cms|title=New TV serial 'Unnai Ninaithu' to be launched soon|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> It was later renamed as Ranjithame and the first promo was released on 12 June 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-ranjithame-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/100441910.cms|title=New TV serial 'Ranjithame' to launch soon|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Casting===
Actress [[Manishajith]] was cast in the female lead role as Rajani. She has already played the lead role in [[Uyire (TV series)|Uyire]] and Kannathil Muthamittal serials. [[Barathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Barathi Kannamma]] fame [[Roopa Sree]] plays the mother role as Vedhavalli.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bharathi-kannamma-fame-rupa-sree-to-play-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-ranjithame/articleshow/101306018.cms|title=Bharathi Kannamma fame Rupa Sree to play titular role in upcoming show 'Ranjithame'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/jun/28/bharathikannamma-serial-actress-kalainger-tv-ranjithame-serial-4028916.html|title=புதிய தொடரில் நடிக்கும் பாரதி கண்ணம்மா நடிகை |website=www.dinamani.com|date=28 June 2023 |language=ta}}</ref> [[Minnale (TV series)|Minnale]] fame Shiv Sathish plays her son and male lead role as Arun. In October 2023, Avinash<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actor-avinash-announces-his-exit-from-the-tv-show-ranjithame-tharun-appasamy-to-replace-him-as-ravi/articleshow/104183397.cms|title=Actor Avinash announces his exit from the TV show 'Ranjithame'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 October 2023|language=en}}</ref> was replaced by Tharun Appasamy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/television-actor-tharun-appasamy-joins-the-cast-of-ranjithame/articleshow/104185169.cms|title=Television actor Tharun Appasamy joins the cast of Ranjithame|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 October 2023|language=en}}</ref> By the end of October 2023, actress Nancy joined the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actress-nancy-joins-the-cast-of-ranjithame/articleshow/104673064.cms|title=Actress Nancy joins the cast of Ranjithame|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 October 2023|language=en}}</ref>

===Release===
The first promo was released on 12 June 2023 featuring Shiv Sathishm, [[Manishajith]] and [[Roopa Sree]].<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Manishajith|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqSxaylWkMs|title=ரஞ்சிதமே Ranjithame புத்தம்புதிய மெகாத்தொடர் {{!}} Kalaignar TV}}</ref> The second promo was unveiled on 17 July 2023, featuring protagonist [[Manishajith]] and [[Roopa Sree]] and revealing the release date.<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Manishajith|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMkmLzaggQk|title=Ranjithame INTRODUCTION PROMO {{!}} Kalaignar TV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/114784/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Ranjithame-:-New-serial-from-July-17.htm|title=ஜூலை 17ஆம் திகதி முதல் ரஞ்சிதமே புதிய தொடர் |website=[[Dinamalar]]|date=15 July 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt28252984}}

{{Kalaignar TV shows}}

[[Category:Kalaignar TV television series]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:Television series by Vikatan Televistas]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Leopold Immanuel Jacob van Dort

2026-03-26T08:22:22Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Created a redirect

{{Short description|Translator of an Indian version of the Hebrew New Testament and a Hebrew Quran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Leopold Immanuel Jacob van Dort
| birth_date = 1712
| birth_place = [[The Hague]], [[Dutch Republic]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1761|1712}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Leipzig]]
| occupation = Professor of Hebrew Language
| known_for = Hebrew Quran of the Library of Congress, rabbinical Hebrew New Testament from Cochin
}}

'''Leopold Immanuel Jacob van Dort''' (1712–1761)<ref name=MVD>{{cite book|title=Leopold Immanuel Jacob van Dort, a Jewish-Christian Professor of the Dutch East India Company|author=van Dort, Mascha|date=June 2025|publisher=Mascha van Dort |isbn=979-8884084872}}</ref> was a Dutch Hebrew professor, responsible for translating an Indian version of the Hebrew New Testament and a Hebrew Quran.

Leopold Immanuel Jacob van Dort was born Jewish in 1712 in [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]].<ref name=MVD/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://edoc.tips/download/a-historical-appraisal-of-jewish-presence-in-sri-lanka-fiona-kumari_pdf|title=A Historical Appraisal of Jewish Presence in Sri Lanka|first=Fiona Kumari|last=Campbell|publisher=Griffith Law and the School of Human Services, [[Griffith University]]|date=2007|page=}}</ref> He converted to [[Catholicism]] in December 1745 in [[Aachen]].<ref name=MVD/> He studied briefly philosophy at the [[University of Leipzig]] with professor [[:de:Johann Friedrich May|Johann Friedrich May]] in 1753.<ref name=MVD/> In 1754<ref name=MVD/> he was enlisted by the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) to work as a professor of Hebrew Language at the Seminary of [[Colombo]], [[Dutch Ceylon|Ceylon]].<ref name=MVD/><ref name=AOS>{{cite journal|journal=The Exploration of the Jewish Antiquities of Cochin on the Malabar Coast|first=Walter J.|last=Fischel|title= Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=87|number=3|date=July–September 1967|pages=230–248|publisher=[[American Oriental Society]]|doi=10.2307/597717 |jstor=597717 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/597717|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 1756 he traveled to [[Kochi|Cochin]],<ref name=MVD/> India, where he was commissioned by [[Rahabi Ezekiel|Ezekiel Rahabi]] to finish the translation of the [[Bible translations into Hebrew|Hebrew New Testament]] (1741–1756),<ref name=LoC>{{cite web|title=Commissioner, purpose, translators, copyist and age of the Hebrew New Testament of Cochin and the Quran of the Library of Congress|author1=van Dort, Mascha|author2=Bar-Ilan, Meir|date=2021|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353131337}}</ref> which [[Claudius Buchanan]] took with him to England and currently resides in the [[Cambridge University Library]]. Ezekiel Rahabi also commissioned van Dort as the translator of the Hebrew [[Quran]] (1757–1761),<ref name=LoC/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Weinstein, Myron M.|date=1972|journal=A Hebrew Quran Manuscript|title=Studies in Bibliography and Booklore|volume=10|number=1/2|pages=19–52 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27943437|publisher=[[Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion]]|jstor=27943437 }}</ref> which resides in the [[Library of Congress]] in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]].<ref>{{cite web|title=LC Hebr. Ms 183|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/hs/HebrewManuscriptsPdf/LC%20Hebr.%20MS%20183.pdf|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref> He also arranged the printing of the prayer books of the Jews of Cochin, India, in Amsterdam in 1757, through the office of Tobias Boas ([[:nl:Tobias Boas|nl]]), whom he knew from his childhood.<ref name=MVD/><ref name=Visit>{{cite journal|journal=Leopold Immanuel Jacob van Dort’s Scholarly Visit to Cochin|author=van Dort, Mascha|title= Studia Rosenthaliana|volume=50|number=2|date=December 2024|pages=120–138|publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]]|doi=10.5117/SR2024.2.002.DORT}}</ref> Van Dort is further known for his 1757 translations of the excerpts of the chronicles of the Jews of Cochin.<ref name=AOS/><ref>{{cite book|author=Eichorn, J. E.|title=Allegemeine Biblothek der Biblischen Literatur|volume=1|date=1788|place=Leipzig|page=929}}</ref>

Van Dort died in 1761, at the age of 48.<ref name=MVD/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Van Dort, Leopold}}
[[Category:1710s births]]
[[Category:1761 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:People from Dordrecht]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism]]
[[Category:Leipzig University alumni]]
[[Category:Translators to Hebrew]]
[[Category:Translators of the New Testament into Hebrew]]
[[Category:Quran translators]]
[[Category:People from Dutch Ceylon]]
[[Category:Jewish Indian history]]
[[Category:Jewish Dutch history]]
[[Category:18th-century biblical scholars]]

Vijay Prashad

2026-03-24T00:23:58Z

Ansuma Basumatary:

{{short description|Indian historian and writer (born 1967)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vijay Prashad
| image = UNCTAD Public Symposium 2013 - Plenary II (9200112948) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Prashad in 2010
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1967}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = {{plainlist|
* [[Pomona College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
* [[University of Chicago]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}}
| relations = [[Brinda Karat]] (aunt) [[Baini Prashad]] (grandfather)
| website = {{URL|thetricontinental.org}}
}}
'''Vijay Prashad''' (born 1967) is an Indian author, historian, journalist, political commentator, and [[Marxist]].<ref name="Marxist-1">{{cite web |date=16 April 2013 |title=ZNet - Junevijayint |url=http://www.znetwork.org/zparecon/junevijayint.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416081126/http://www.znetwork.org/zparecon/junevijayint.htm |archive-date=16 April 2013 |access-date=24 November 2017 |website=[[ZNetwork]]}}</ref><ref name="Marxist-2">"I came to Marxism against my self-interest. Born into affluence, I was raised in an revolutionary city ([[Calcutta]], India)" ''Left history'', Volumes 11–12, pp 61, Department of History, [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]], Kingston, Ontario, 2006</ref> He is the executive-director of '''Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research''', editor of [[LeftWord Books]], Chief Correspondent at Globetrotter,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |title=Vijay Prashad, Author at Globetrotter Media |url=https://globetrotter.media/author/vijayprashad/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Globetrotter Media |language=en-US}}</ref> and a senior non-resident fellow at [[Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies]], [[Renmin University of China]].<ref name="NewsClick 2022">{{cite web |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=2022-01-21 |title=Morocco Drives a War in Western Sahara for Its Phosphates |url=https://www.newsclick.in/morocco-drives-war-western-sahara-its-phosphates |access-date=2022-01-28 |website=[[NewsClick]]}}</ref> Ideologically a [[Marxist]], Prashad is well known for his criticisms of [[capitalism]], [[neocolonialism]], [[American exceptionalism]], and [[Western world|Western]] [[imperialism]], while expressing support for [[communism]] and the [[global south]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tde-5yfOn_I |title=Vijay Prashad - Imperialism suffocates humanity like a Boa Constrictor |date=Nov 23, 2022 |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |type=Video |publisher=Left Bloc Ireland |place=Inis Oirr |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9W79fbz3d0 |title=Vijay Prashad: Why Does India Remain Entrapped by the UK? |date=May 22, 2023 |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |type=Video |publisher=Wave Media |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_AmHbOEMb8 |title=Noam Chomsky & Vijay Prashad: American Exceptionalism is Imperial Policy |date=Aug 28, 2022 |last=Chomsky |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Chomsky |last2=Prashad |first2=Vijay |type=Video |publisher=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]] |via=YouTube}}</ref>

Previously, Prashad has been the George and Martha Kellner Chair in [[South Asian History]] and a professor of international studies at [[Trinity College (Connecticut)|Trinity College]] in [[Hartford, Connecticut]], United States, from 1996 to 2017. He is an advisory board member of the US Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel, part of the global [[Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions]] (BDS) movement,<ref>{{cite web |date=3 February 2009 |title=Advisory Board - US Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel |url=http://www.usacbi.org/advisory-board/ |access-date=24 November 2017 |website=US Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Guttman |first1=Nathan |date=26 August 2014 |title=Anti-Israel Professor Returns to Trinity College — Will Controversy Come Back Too? |url=https://forward.com/news/israel/204664/anti-israel-professor-returns-to-trinity-college/ |access-date=19 December 2020 |work=[[The Forward]]}}</ref> and co-founder of the [[Forum of Indian Leftists]] (FOIL).<ref name="Marxist-1" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mathew |first1=Biju |author-link1=Biju Mathew |last2=Prashad |first2=Vijay |date=March 25, 2001 |title=Hindutva For a Few Dollars a Day |url=http://pd.cpim.org/2001/march25/march25_biju_vijay.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828130119/http://pd.cpim.org/2001/march25/march25_biju_vijay.htm |archive-date=2008-08-28 |access-date=28 August 2008 |work=[[People's Democracy (newspaper)|People's Democracy]] |volume=12}}</ref>

Prashad has provided reporting and political commentary for several publications, including ''[[Monthly Review]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Monthly Review {{!}} Vijay Prashad |url=https://monthlyreview.org/author/vijayprashad/ |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=[[Monthly Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[The Nation]]'',<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2010-04-02 |title=Vijay Prashad |url=https://www.thenation.com/authors/vijay-prashad/ |access-date=2023-06-29 |magazine=[[The Nation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and ''[[Salon.com|Salon]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Prashad's Articles at Salon.com |url=https://www.salon.com/writer/vijay_prashad |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=[[Salon.com]]}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
The son of Pran and Soni Prashad,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=2013-05-31 |title=My Japanese parents: Remembering what Japan meant to those who dreamt of transforming India after Independence |url=https://www.himalmag.com/politics/japanese-parents |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=[[Himal Southasian]] |language=en}}</ref> Vijay Prashad was born and raised in [[Kolkata]], India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=2020-07-13 |title=Columnist Vijay Prashad: Coronavirus and the virus of debt |url=https://www.gazettenet.com/Prashad-column-35198515 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713191433/https://www.gazettenet.com/Prashad-column-35198515 |archive-date=2020-07-13 |access-date=2024-11-20 |work=[[Daily Hampshire Gazette]]}}</ref> His grandfather was the scientist and translator [[Baini Prashad]]. He attended [[The Doon School]] as a child.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Traub |first=Alex |date=2016-07-19 |title=A nuanced gaze on West Asia |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/a-nuanced-gaze-on-west-asia/cid/1504048 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> He records that he was subjected to violent rape in his early teens while at school.<ref>Vijay Prashad,[https://thetricontinental.org/newsletterissue/mental-health/ ''Over a Billion People in the World Suffer from Mental Health Ailments: The Thirty-Ninth Newsletter (2025),''] [[Tricontinental]], 25 September 2025</ref><ref>Vijay Prashad, [https://www.counterpunch.org/2026/02/03/on-the-emails-between-jeffrey-epstein-and-noam-chomsky/''On the Emails Between Jeffrey Epstein and Noam Chomsky,''] [[CounterPunch]] 3 February 2026</ref> In the United States, he received a BA from [[Pomona College]] in 1989 as well as earning a PhD at the [[University of Chicago]] in 1994—writing a dissertation under the supervision of [[Bernard Cohn (anthropologist)|Bernard S. Cohn]].<ref name=GOPIO-2011>{{cite web |title=2011 Indian-American Achiever Awards |url=http://gopio-ct.org/images/GOPIO_Awards_2011.pdf |website=GOPIO-Connecticut |publisher=Global Organization of People of Indian Origin |access-date=19 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501005154/http://gopio-ct.org/images/GOPIO_Awards_2011.pdf |archive-date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vijay Prashad Video - Book Interviews |url=http://www.ovguide.com/vijay-prashad-9202a8c04000641f8000000006b37a80# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201134501/https://www.ovguide.com/vijay-prashad-9202a8c04000641f8000000006b37a80 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=24 November 2017 |website=[[OVGuide]]}}</ref><ref name=diss>{{cite thesis |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=1994 |title=Revolting labor: The making of the Balmiki community. (Volumes I and II) |type=PhD |chapter= |page=v |publisher=University of Chicago |docket= |oclc= |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/304141658 |access-date= |id={{ProQuest|304141658}} }}</ref> He is the nephew of Marxist Indian politician [[Brinda Karat]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 20, 2022 |title=Who is Brinda Karat? All you need to know about CPI (M) leader who blocked bulldozer amid demolition drive in Jahangirpuri |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-brinda-karat-all-you-need-to-know-about-cpi-m-leader-who-blocked-bulldozer-amid-demolition-drive-in-jahangirpuri |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=[[The Free Press Journal]] |language=en}}</ref> Prashad is [[queer]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1787312533516193894 |user=vijayprashad |title=Almost thirty years ago - 'queer, radical, and 100% South Asian' (largely due to the climate after the nuclear tests in Pokhran, Rajasthan). That was my slogan then, mouth full of paan and head full of Marxism. |first=Vijay |last=Prashad |date=May 5, 2024 |access-date=2024-11-20}}</ref>

==Political views==
Vijay Prashad is a fervent proclaimer of [[democracy]], [[Marxist|Marxism]], [[socialism]], and [[communism]].<ref name="Marxist-1" /><ref name="Marxist-2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vd8w3ONjv6Y |title=What's the Left to Do in a World on Fire? |location=China and the Left: A Socialist Forum (conference) |date=18 September 2021 |access-date=28 June 2023 |website=YouTube}}</ref>

[[Criticism of capitalism]] is a recurrent theme throughout his work. In addition, criticisms of [[imperialism]], [[colonialism]], [[neocolonialism]] and other such topics are regular themes.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

===U.S. foreign policy===
Prashad is an outspoken critic of [[America]]n [[hegemony]] and [[American imperialism|imperialism]].<ref>"Vijay Prashad has come to be known for his expert critical analysis of US imperialism and war", Chopping Through the Foundations of Racism With Vijay Prashad, Joel Wendland, 8 August 2003, Friction Magazine</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=November 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=August 16, 2003 |title=Casual Imperialism |url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/155/25963.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610191048/http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/155/25963.html |archive-date=2009-06-10 |access-date=24 November 2017 |website=[[Global Policy Forum]] |publisher=[[People's Weekly World]]}}</ref> He debated historian [[Juan Cole]] on the 2011 US-French-[[NATO]] military intervention in Libya, which Cole supported.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 29, 2011 |title=A Debate on U.S. Military Intervention in Libya: Juan Cole v. Vijay Prashad |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2011/3/29/a_debate_on_us_military_intervention |access-date=24 November 2017 |website=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref> Prashad argued that the genuine [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan rising]] had been "usurped" by various unsavory characters, including some with [[CIA]] connections.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2, 2011 |title=Professor: In Libya, A Civil War, Not Uprising |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/04/02/135072664/professor-in-libya-a-civil-war-not-uprising |access-date=24 November 2017 |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Prashad wrote the 2012 book ''Arab Spring, Libyan Winter'', released through [[AK Press]], on the topic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmDFE-9YV74 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/AmDFE-9YV74| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Vijay Prashad: Arab Spring Libyan Winter - Part I|date=18 July 2012|access-date=24 November 2017|website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkcHWEdqvBs. |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/OkcHWEdqvBs| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Vijay Prashad: Arab Spring Libyan Winter - Part II|date=18 July 2012|access-date=24 November 2017|website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Mother Teresa and Western charity===

Prashad offered his analysis of [[Mother Teresa]]'s missionary work in [[Calcutta]], designating her as a representative of the collective "[[bourgeois]] guilt" of [[Western nation]]s.<ref>''White Women in Racialized Spaces: Imaginative Transformation and Ethical Action in Literature'', Samina Najmi, Rajini Srikanth, ''Mother Teresa as the Mirror of Bourgeois Guilt'' - Chapter 4, pp 67, Published by [[SUNY Press]], 2002, {{ISBN|0-7914-5477-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7914-5477-0}}</ref> He argued that people like Mother Teresa obscure the tragedies of capitalism. For instance, "During the night of December 2–3, 1984, the [[Bhopal disaster]] poisoned thousands of people". He states that the Bhopal disaster, which was caused by [[Union Carbide]], was the most flagrant example of a transnational corporation's disregard for human life in defence of its own profit. In 1983, Union Carbide's sales came to US$9 billion and its assets totalled US$10bn. Part of this profit came from a tendency to shirk any responsibility towards safety standards, not just in India, but also in their West Virginia plant. After the disaster, Mother Teresa flew into Bhopal and, escorted in two government cars, she offered Bhopal's victims small [[aluminium]] medals of [[St. Mary]]. "This could have been an accident," she told the survivors, "it's like a fire (that) could break out anywhere. That is why it is important to forgive. Forgiveness offers us a clean heart and people will be a hundred times better after it." [[Pope John Paul II]] joined Mother Teresa with his analysis that Bhopal was a "sad event" which resulted from "man's efforts to make progress."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hazarika |first=Sanjoy |date=Dec 12, 1984 |title=MOTHER TERESA CARRIES HER MESSAGE TO BHOPAL |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/12/world/mother-teresa-carries-her-message-to-bhopal.html |work=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1986-02-07 |title=POPE REMEMBERS BHOPAL DEAD |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1986/02/07/pope-remembers-bhopal-dead/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Synthesis inline|date=November 2024}}

In the same article he also commented on Mother Teresa's alleged links with [[Charles Keating]] and [[Michele Duvalier]] (wife of [[Haiti]]an dictator [[Baby Doc Duvalier]]). Denouncing the "cruel rule of capital" he also offered the view that the communists of [[Calcutta]] were the "real nameless Mother Teresas who conduct the necessary work towards socialism, for the elimination of poverty forever."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=September 1997 |title=Mother Teresa: A Communist View |url=http://www.cpa.org.au/amrarch/40vp.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724153535/http://www.cpa.org.au/amrarch/40vp.html |archive-date=2008-07-24 |magazine=[[Political Affairs (magazine)|Political Affairs]] |via=Australian Marxist Review |volume=40}}</ref>

===Resignation of Evo Morales===
Prashad has written extensively about the removal of [[Evo Morales]] as President of Bolivia in 2019 and the [[2020 Bolivian general election]].<ref name="salon110320">{{cite web |last1=Prashad |first1=Vijay |last2=Bejarano |first2=Alejandro |title=Elon Musk is South America's neo-conquistador |url=https://www.salon.com/2020/03/11/elon-musk-is-south-americas-neo-conquistador_partner/ |website=Salon |access-date=19 August 2020|date=11 March 2020}}</ref> He described Morales' removal as a [[coup d'état]] and said the [[Organisation of American States]] had "legitimised" the coup with unsubstantiated conclusions in its preliminary report.<ref name="salon110320"/> In March 2020, he wrote that Morales' removal from office was the result of his government's "socialist policy toward Bolivia's resources" which required that returns from mining resources such as [[lithium]] "be properly shared with the Bolivian people". He said that the government of [[Jeanine Áñez]] had extended a "welcome mat" to [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] to establish a factory in Bolivia to manufacture lithium batteries from Bolivia's reserves.<ref name="salon110320"/>

=== Israel-Palestine conflict ===
In 2010, as Prashad was appointed to head the newly formed Trinity Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies at Trinity College, a group of professors wrote a letter protesting the appointment based on "the prominent role he has played in promoting a boycott of Israeli universities and of study abroad in Israel".<ref>Prashad, Vijay. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/understanding-the-boycott-of-israels-universities/2014/01/24/ecbc1064-7f05-11e3-93c1-0e888170b723_story.html "Understanding the boycott of Israel's universities"] ''[[Washington Post]]'', 24 January 2014</ref> After initially refusing to meet with them, Trinity President James Jones eventually met with representatives from [[Jewish]] organisations, including the Connecticut [[Jewish Federation]], the [[Anti-Defamation League]], and the Jewish Federation of Greater Hartford on 14 September 2010. One participant reported a "veiled threat" to have Jewish donors "weigh in". The university backed Prashad and rejected attempts to rescind his appointment.<ref name=":0" />

=== Persecution of Uyghurs ===
[[Alexander Reid Ross]] and Courtney Dobson, writing in ''[[Hassan Hassan#New_Lines_Magazine|New Lines magazine]]'', said Prashad has argued that the [[Persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]] in [[Xinjiang]] does not constitute a [[genocide]]. In April 2021, Prashad authored an article for Globetrotter in which he wrote that the diplomatic boycott of China was an American disinformation campaign designed to create hostilities between the two nations, writing "The U.S. government’s information warfare against China has produced the ‘fact’ that there is genocide in Xinjiang... Once this has been established, it helps develop diplomatic and economic warfare." On an episode of ''The Zero Hour with RJ Eskow'', Prashad stated there was no evidence that the Chinese government's actions constituted genocide.<ref name=":2" />

In response to the ''New Lines'' article's accusation of [[genocide denial]], Prashad wrote that he had never written about China's treatment of ethnic Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim populations in Xinjiang. He said he had commented on a [[YouTube]] show that he "did not believe there was reliable evidence or investigation to meet the high legal burden of genocide under international law" and that his remarks corresponded with similar statements by figures such as former UN advisor [[Jeffrey Sachs]] and the former president of the [[International Association of Genocide Scholars]] [[William Schabas]], as well as the [[Legal Adviser of the Department of State|US State Department’s Office of the Legal Adviser]].<ref name=":3" />

== Appraisal ==
Historian [[Paul Buhle]] has described Prashad as "a literary phenomenon."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buhle |first=Paul |date=1 January 2014 |title=Prashad at Large |url=https://monthlyreview.org/2014/01/01/prashad-large/ |journal=[[Monthly Review]] |volume=65 |issue=8 |page=58 |doi=10.14452/MR-065-08-2014-01_5 |access-date=19 December 2020|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Indian writer and journalist [[Amitava Kumar]] also praised Prashad, writing "Prashad is our own [[Frantz Fanon]]. His writing of protest is always tinged with the beauty of hope."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Aziz |date=18 March 2014 |title=Break the Silence: An Interview with Vijay Prashad |url=https://aaww.org/break-the-silence-vijay-prashad/ |access-date=16 July 2019 |website=[[Asian American Writers' Workshop]]}}</ref>

== Criticism==
Prashad has come under international scrutiny for his association with [[Neville Roy Singham]], who has been accused of funding and promoting pro-Chinese government messaging and causes via a network of organizations (including the Prashad-associated Tricontinental Institute, [[NewsClick]], The People's Forum, [[BreakThrough News]], and Globetrotter).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hvistendahl |first1=Mara |last2=Fahrenthold |first2=David A. |last3=Chutel |first3=Lynsey |last4=Jhaveri |first4=Ishaan |date=2023-08-05 |title=A Global Web of Chinese Propaganda Leads to a U.S. Tech Mogul |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/05/world/europe/neville-roy-singham-china-propaganda.html |access-date=2024-05-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Ross |first1=Alexander Reid |last2=Dobson |first2=Courtney |date=2022-01-18 |title=The Big Business of Uyghur Genocide Denial |url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-big-business-of-uyghur-genocide-denial/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=New Lines Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Prashad has responded to the criticism, deeming it “scurrilous” and characterizing it as an attempt “to conjure a conspiracy from something that is no secret at all” as well as a pretended “scoop based on public statements that I – and others – have made. The [critics] … uncovered no conspiracy and had no scoop, only innuendo."<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=2022-07-02 |title=Genocide Denier? Not Me, Pal. Try the White House Instead |url=https://www.counterpunch.org/2022/02/07/genocide-denier-not-me-pal-try-the-white-house-instead/ |access-date=2024-07-18 |work=[[CounterPunch]] |language=en-US}} The reference is specifically to the New Lines piece.</ref>

== Notable works ==
'''As author'''
* (2000) ''The Karma of Brown Folk''. [[University of Minnesota Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0816634385}}.
* (2002) [https://archive.org/details/vijay-prashad-untouchable-freedom-a-social-hist ''Untouchable Freedom: A Social History of a Dalit Community''.] [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0195658484}}.
* (2002) ''War Against the Planet: The Fifth Afghan War, Imperialism and Other Assorted Fundamentalism'' Manohar. {{ISBN|978-8187496199}}.
* (2002) ''Fat Cats and Running Dogs: The Enron Stage of Capitalism''. [[Zed Books]]. {{ISBN|978-1842772614}}.
* (2002) ''Everybody Was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity''. [[Beacon Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0807050118}}.
* (2003) ''Namaste Sharon: Hindutva and Sharonism under US Hegemony''. New Delhi: [[LeftWord Books]]. {{ISBN|8187496355}}.
* (2003) ''Keeping up with the Dow Joneses: Stocks, Jails, Welfare''. Boston: [[South End Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0896086890}}.
* (2007) ''The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World''. [[The New Press]]. {{ISBN|978-1565847859}}.
* (2011) ''Marx's Capital: An Introductory Reader''. Contributed by Vijay Prashad, Venkatesh Athreya, Prasenjit Bose, [[Prabhat Patnaik]], [[Jayati Ghosh]], T. Jayaraman, R. Ramakumar. LeftWord. ISBN 978-93-80118-00-0.
* (2012) ''Arab Spring, Libyan Winter''. [[AK Press]]. {{ISBN|978-1849351126}}.
* (2012) ''Uncle Swami: South Asians in America Today''. [[The New Press]]. {{ISBN|978-1595587848}}.
* (2013) ''Poorer Nations: A Possible History of the Global South''. [[Verso Books]]. Foreword by [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]].
* (2015) ''No Free Left: The Futures of Indian Communism''. New Delhi: [[LeftWord Books]].
* (2015) ''Letters to Palestine''. [[Verso Books]].
* (2016) ''The Death of the Nation and the Future of the Arab Revolution''. [[University of California Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0520293250}}.
* (2017) ''Red October: The Russian Revolution and the Communist Horizon''. New Delhi: [[LeftWord Books]].
* (2017) ''Will the Flower Slip Through the Asphalt: Writers Respond to Climate Change''. New Delhi: [[LeftWord Books]].
* (2019) ''Red Star Over the Third World''. [[Pluto Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0745339665}}.
* (2020) ''Washington Bullets''. New Delhi: [[LeftWord Books]]. {{ISBN|978-8194592525}}. Preface by [[Evo Morales Ayma]].
* (2022) ''Struggle Makes Us Human: Learning from Movements for Socialism'', edited by Frank Barat. [[Haymarket Books]]. {{ISBN|978-1642596908}}.
* (2022) ''[[The Withdrawal|The Withdrawal: Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and the Fragility of U.S. Power]]'', with [[Noam Chomsky]]. [[The New Press]]. {{ISBN|978-1620977606}}. Foreword by Angela Davis.
* (2024) ''On Cuba: Reflections on 70 Years of Revolution and Struggle'', with Noam Chomsky. [[The New Press]]. {{ISBN|978-1620978573}}. Foreword by [[Miguel Díaz-Canel]].

'''As editor'''
* (2016) ''Communist Histories, vol. 1''. New Delhi: [[LeftWord Books]].
* (2017) ''Land of Blue Helmets: the United Nations in the Arab World'', co-edited with Karim Makdisi. [[University of California Press]].
* (2017) ''Red October: The Russian Revolution and the Communist Horizon'', New Delhi: [[LeftWord Books]].
* (2019) ''The East Was Read: Socialist Culture in the Third World'', New Delhi: [[LeftWord Books]].

;
'''Articles'''
* [https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/11/making-poverty-history/ Making Poverty History] ''[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]],'' November 11, 2014.
* [https://jacobin.com/2023/10/newsclick-police-raid-india-farmers-movement-press-freedom The Crackdown on Is an Attack on India’s Farmers’ Movement] ''[[Jacobin (magazine)| Jacobin]],'' October 9, 2023.
* [https://peoplesdispatch.org/2024/04/23/elites-in-the-global-north-are-scared-to-talk-about-palestine/ Elites in the global north are scared to talk about Palestine], ''People's Dispatch'', April 23, 2024.
* [https://monthlyreview.org/articles/the-world-wants-to-advance-to-socialism The World Wants to Advance to Socialism] ''[[Monthly Review]]'', November 1, 2025.
;
'''Interviews'''
* (2013-08) "[https://theanalysis.news/series/reality-asserts-itself-with-vijay-prashad/ Reality Asserts Itself with Vijay Prashad]" by [[Paul Jay]]. A set of 4 interviews conducted on August 2, 8, 9, and 11, 2013. Republished at the Analysis.news. Originally published at [[The Real News Network]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |title=Reality Asserts Itself - Vijay Prashad |url=http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=832&Itemid=74&jumival=1038 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115826/http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=832&Itemid=74&jumival=1038 |archive-date=2017-06-19 |work=[[The Real News Network]]}}</ref>
* (2015-02-24) "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqDpWC-KpB4 What Was Missing from Obama's Anti-Terrorism Speech]" by Thomas Hedges, The Real News Network.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hedges |first1=Thomas |last2=Prashad |first2=Vijay |date=February 23, 2015 |title=What Was Missing from Obama's Anti-Terrorism Speech |url=http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=13282 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619222614/http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=13282 |archive-date=2016-06-19 |work=The Real News Network}}</ref>
* (2016-12-20) "[https://jacobin.com/2016/12/socialist-writing-publishing-books-reading The Essentials of Socialist Writing]" by Mark Nowak in ''[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]''.
* (2020-11-29) "[https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/11/washington-bullets-cia-coups-assassinations-evo-morales Washington's Bullets Can't Stamp Out the Hope of a Better World]" by Karthik Purushothaman in ''Jacobin''.
* (2024-11-16) "[https://jacobin.com/2024/11/cuba-embargo-us-imperialism-revolution The Cuba Embargo Is a Cold War Grudge That Won’t Die]" by Karthik Puru in ''Jacobin''

;
'''Talks'''
* (2021-09-19) "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vd8w3ONjv6Y What's the Left to Do in a World on Fire?]", hosted by the People's Forum NYC. [YouTube]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{External links|section|date=September 2022}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{external media
|video1={{YouTube|D-uxISFZbG8|Vijay Prashad - Hybrid Wars and US Imperialism}}
|video2={{YouTube|uHBo5qqpVtw|The Chris Hedges Report: Struggle makes us human}}
}}
*[https://www.thetricontinental.org/newsletter/ Vijay Prashad's newsletters at Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research]
*Vijay Prashad's Curriculum Vitae {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401061133/http://internet2.trincoll.edu/FacProfiles/CVs/1000767.pdf |date=1 April 2017 }}
*Vijay Prashad's personal blog website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116101912/http://vijayprashad.org/ |date=16 November 2016 }}
*[https://mayday.leftword.com/author/post/vijay-prashad Vijay Prashad] at Leftword Books.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prashad, Vijay}}
[[Category:Indian Marxist historians]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist journalists]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Trinity College (Connecticut) faculty]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:The Doon School alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Indian male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ writers]]
[[Category:Queer men]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Pomona College alumni]]
[[Category:Historians from California]]
[[Category:Academics from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian scholars]]

Doma (caste)

2026-03-18T03:53:59Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put up a entry!

{{Short description|Ethnic group of India}}
{{pp|small=yes}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

{{Redirect|Doms||DOMS (disambiguation){{!}}DOMS}}{{Redirect|Domba|the Malian town|Domba, Mali}}[[File:Dom man2 kurta eastbengal1860.jpg|230px|thumb|A Dom man in Eastern [[Bengal]], {{circa|1860}}.]]

The '''Doma''' ({{langx|sa|[[wikt:डोम|डोम]]|translit=ḍoma|translation=}}, {{IPA|sa|ɖoːmɐ|ipa}}), also known as '''''Dom''''', '''''Domra''''', '''''Domba''''', '''''Domaka''''', '''''Dombara''''' and '''''Dombari''''', are castes, or groups, scattered across [[India]]. The Doma/Dom were a caste of drummers.<ref name="M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_aZm_MQjygC&pg=PA126|title=Bhangi, Scavenger in Indian Society: Marginality, Identity, and Politicization of the Community|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|author=Rama Sharma|year=1995|page=126|isbn=978-8185880709}}</ref> According to [[Tantra]] scriptures, the Dom were engaged in the occupations of singing and playing music.<ref name="University of Illinois Press" /> Historically, they were considered an [[Untouchability|untouchable caste]] called the [[Dalit|Dalits]] and their traditional occupation was the disposal and cremation of dead bodies.<ref name="Panchali Ray">{{Cite book|author= Panchali Ray|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7SmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT207|title=Politics of Precarity:Gendered Subjects and the Health Care Industry in Contemporary Kolkata|publisher=OUP India|page=207|year=2019| isbn=978-0-19-909553-7 }}</ref><ref name="Robert E. Van Voorst">{{Cite book|author= Robert E. Van Voorst |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DpVUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|title=RELG: WORLD |publisher=Cengage Learning|page=85|year=2018| isbn=9781337671866 }}</ref> The Doma were formerly classified as a [[Denotified Tribes|criminal tribe]] under the 1870s [[Criminal Tribes Act]]s of the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=227 |access-date=2011-12-01}}</ref><ref name="gupta">{{cite book |title=Padabi Abhidhan |trans-title=Dictionary of Family Names |language=bn |last=Gupta |first=Ganesh |year=2005 |publisher=Annapurna Prakashan |location=Kolkata |page=52}}</ref> They are in the list of [[Scheduled caste|Scheduled Castes]] for [[Reservation in India]] in the Indian states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Odisha]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Delhi]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="Registrar General"/><ref name="Biharonlineportal"/><ref name="West Bengal"/><ref name="scstrti"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://advocatetanmoy.com/2018/08/11/list-of-scheduled-caste-and-schedule-tribe-and-obcs-in-west-bengal/|title=Legal Database|date=11 August 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Scheduled Castes {{!}} Department of Social Justice and Empowerment - Government of India |url=https://socialjustice.gov.in/common/76750 |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=socialjustice.gov.in}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Individuals who live by singing and music were referred to as Doma in Tantric scriptures. According to historian M.P. Joshi, the word Duma is connected to the sound of a drum.<ref name="University of Illinois Press"/> Its presumed root, ''ḍom'', which is connected with drumming, is linked to ''damara'' and ''[[damaru]]'', Sanskrit terms for "drum" and the Sanskrit verbal root डम् ''ḍam-'' 'to sound (as a drum)', perhaps a loan from [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]], e.g. [[Kannada language|Kannada]] ''ḍamāra'' 'a pair of kettle-drums', and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ''ṭamaṭama'' 'a drum, [[tomtom drum|tomtom]]'.<ref>T. Burrow and M.B. Emeneau, ''A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary'' 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), p. 257, entry #2949.</ref>

== History==
The term ''doma'' is mentioned in [[Tantra]] scriptures as individuals who live by singing and music. During the reign of the [[Chand dynasty]] and [[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkha]], all service castes were referred to as Doma and were prohibited from wearing gold and silver ornaments. They had to work as palanquin bearers, but they were prohibited from using palanquins at their weddings. They had to live in separate villages with different cremation sites and water sources. They had to bury the dead cows of others of which they ate flesh. During the British period, the British prohibited these discriminative practices. Social activist [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and dalit leader Khusi Ram sought to reject low caste status and introduced the term [[Shilpkar]] to replace the pejorative Doma. They conducted purification rituals of [[Arya Samaj]] in which shilkars wore sacred threads (Janeu) and were allowed to use a palanquin in their wedding. Since then, in Uttarakhand, the Shilpkar replaced Dom in the official category. But it has done little to reduce the social stigma in the central Himalaya region.<ref name="University of Illinois Press">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SYM4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT52|title=Recasting Folk in the Himalayas: Indian Music, Media, and Social Mobility|publisher=University of Illinois Press|author=Stefan Fiol|page=51-53|year=2017|isbn=978-0252099786}}</ref>

Many [[nomadic]] and [[peripatetic minority|peripatetic]] groups in Uttar Pradesh are said to be of Doma origin such as the [[Bangali (caste)|Bangali]], [[Bhantu]], [[Bazigar]], [[Habura (caste)|Habura]], [[Kanjar]], and [[Sansi people|Sansi]]. It could also be that the term Doma is generically used to describe any peripatetic nomad, as all of the aforementioned groups are distinct and strictly endogamous. Some speak a dialect or [[argot]] of their own, while others speak the prevailing dialect or language.<ref>Nomads in India : proceedings of the National Seminar / edited by P.K. Misra, K.C. Malhotra</ref>

===Dom in Kumaon===
During the '''Gorkha rule''' in the Himalayan regions, particularly in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], Doms and other communities classified as untouchables faced severe social discrimination and harsh punishments under a rigid caste system. These communities were historically subordinated to the twice-born castes, namely [[Brahmins]], [[Rajputs]], and [[Khasas|Khas Rajputs]].<ref name="punishment"/>

One of the strict social taboos enforced during this period was related to the hukkah (a traditional smoking pipe). If a Dom or any untouchable individual touched the hukkah of a member of the twice-born castes, it was considered an act of pollution and caste defilement. Under Gorkha authority, such an act was deemed a capital offense, and the offender could be sentenced to death.<ref name="punishment"/>

In addition to this, other actions such as slaying a cow (considered sacred in Hindu tradition) or violating caste boundaries also carried the death penalty. These laws reinforced the strict caste hierarchy and maintained the dominance of the upper castes in both religious and social spheres.<ref name="punishment">{{cite book |last1=Pāṇḍe |first1=Badarī Datta |title=History of Kumaun: English Version of "Kumaun Ka Itihas" |date=1993 |publisher=Shyam Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85865-01-0 |page=476 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXZwQgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>

==Occupations==


=== Andhra Pradesh ===
The Dom originally hails from the hilly tract of [[Visakhapatnam]] in Andhra Pradesh, were known for their occupation as drummers and are often considered "untouchables" in the caste system due to their historical role in disposing of bodies, including both animal and human remains.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Andhra Pradesh - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42907 |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Njuki |first1=Jemimah |url= |title=Transforming Gender and Food Security in the Global South |last2=Parkins |first2=John R. |last3=Kaler |first3=Amy |date=2016-11-25 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-19001-1 |pages=118–119 |language=en}}</ref>

===Chhattisgarh===
In [[Jashpur district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]], the Dom were rulers from the 16th century to 18th century, until the defeat of king Raibhan of the Dom dynasty by Sujan Rai of Sonpur who established [[Jashpur State]].<ref name="Concept Publishing Company">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CurpY1rWtb4C&pg=PA22|title=The Hill Korwa|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|author= Shashishekhar Gopal Deogaonkar|page=22|year=1985|access-date=25 November 2022}}</ref>

===Delhi===
The Dom were engaged in the occupation of beating drums in marriage ceremonies in [[Delhi]] of caste hindus. But marriages of high caste are facilitated by a Brahmin priest where a drum is not beaten. In Delhi, Dom women facilitate marriages of [[Bhangi]] caste by singing and drum beating as Brahmin do not facilitate marriages of Bhangi caste as they are considered untouchable.<ref name="M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd."/>

===Gilgit-Baltistan===
In [[Hunza Valley]] of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], these people are called Bericho, Dom, or Doma. The Dom identity developed out of their work as musicians. They are a heterogeneous group, descended from a number of families that took up service with the various local rulers. The Dom belong to the [[Nizari Ismaili]] sect in [[Hunza Valley|Hunza]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Disappearing peoples? : indigenous groups and ethnic minorities in South and Central Asia|date=2007|publisher=Left Coast Press|others=Brower, Barbara Anne., Johnston, Barbara Rose.|isbn=978-1-59874-726-3|location=Walnut Creek, CA|oclc=647914842}}</ref>

=== Rajasthan ===
In [[Rajasthan]], the [[Kalbelia]] tribe is engaged in dance and [[snake charming]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kalbelia-folk-songs-and-dances-of-rajasthan-00340 |title=Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan |website=UNESCO |publisher=United Nations |access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref>

===Uttarakhand===
During the [[Chand kingdom|Chand]] and [[History_of_Uttarakhand#Post_Medieval_History|Gurkha]] dynasties (c. 700-1816 CE) in northern India, including regions that are now part of [[Uttarakhand]], the term 'Dom' collectively referred to various occupational groups, including artisans and professional entertainers such as singers and musicians. Members of Dom castes were also involved in the disposal of dead animals, including cows.<ref name="University of Illinois Press"/>

===Uttar Pradesh===
In [[Varanasi]], the city in [[Uttar Pradesh]], the Dom perform the most important task of [[cremation]] of dead bodies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-doms-varanasi-cremation-idUSKBN1CV1K8|title=Doms of Varanasi make a living among the dead|publisher=reuters|date=26 October 2017|access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref> According to puranic legend, Raja [[Harishchandra]] was purchased by Kallu Dom and Harishchandra was working under him.<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[Namit Arora]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jE1tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT329 |title=Indians: A Brief History of A Civilization |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |year=2021 |isbn=978-9353052874 |page=329}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yOR1hvfH8s8C&pg=PA306|title=The Sacred Complex of Kashi: A Microcosm of Indian Civilization|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1979|author=Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi, Makhan Jha, Baidyanath Saraswati|page=306}}</ref> However, according to another legend, Harishchandra was said to have been sold to a [[Chandala]], and the Chandala entrusted him with the responsibility of overseeing the cremation ground ([[shmashana]]).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwSR-K-LRD0C&pg=PA116|title=Sarama and Her Children: The Dog in Indian Myth|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2008|author=Bibek Debroy|page=116|isbn=978-0143064701}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===India===

In [[Odisha]], there were around 706,000 Doms according to the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>

In Uttar Pradesh, Dom as a Scheduled Caste had a population of 110,353 according to the 2011 Census of India.<ref name="Registrar General">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title=A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix – Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=6 February 2017 |archive-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731072159/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In Jammu and Kashmir, Dom are also called Mahasha had a population of 193,803 according to the 2011 Census of India.<ref>https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21240/study-description</ref>

In [[West Bengal]], Doms numbered 316,337 at the [[2001 Census of India]] and were 1.7 percent of the [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled caste]] population of West Bengal. The same census found overall 46.0 percent of Doms (aged 7 and up) were literate. Along gender lines, 58.9 percent of males and 32.6 percent of females were found by the census to be literate.<ref name="West Bengal">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_westbengal.pdf|title=West Bengal, Census of India 2001, Data Highlights – The Scheduled Castes|access-date=28 June 2009|publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India}}</ref>

===Nepal===

The [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] of Nepal classifies the Dom as a subgroup within the broader social group of [[Madheshi people|Madheshi]] [[Dalit]]s.<ref> Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II [https://nepal.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf]</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Nepal census]], 13,268 people (0.1% of the population of Nepal) were Dom. The frequency of Doms by province was as follows:
[[Madhesh Province]] (0.2%) and [[Koshi Province]] (0.1%), zero percent in other provinces.

The frequency of Doms was higher than national average (0.1%) in the following districts:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |title=2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report |access-date=13 April 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314170005/https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Saptari District|Saptari]] (0.3%), [[Dhanusha District|Dhanusha]] (0.2%), [[Mahottari District|Mahottari]] (0.2%), [[Parsa District|Parsa]] (0.2%), [[Siraha District|Siraha]] (0.2%) and [[Sunsari District|Sunsari]] (0.2%).

==Present==
The traditional occupation of Dom was making musical instruments and households items of bamboo. They still make musical instruments and households items of bamboo. But due to the advent of electronic music, sales of musical instruments have dwindled.<ref>{{cite book|title=People of India|page=1180}}</ref>

===Official classification===

Dom are listed as [[Scheduled Caste]] for [[reservation in India]] (positive affirmative action in the government jobs) in Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="Registrar General"/><ref name="Biharonlineportal">{{Cite web|url=https://biharonlineportal.com/bihar-caste-list/|title=Bihar Caste List 2022|publisher=Biharonlineportal|access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="West Bengal"/><ref name="scstrti">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scstrti.in/index.php/communities/sc-communities/108-sc-communities/355-dom|title=Dom|access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref>

===Diaspora===

* [[Dom people]], mainly Middle Eastern descendants of the Dom
** [[Abdal people (West Asia)|Abdal Doms in Turkey]]
** [[Doms in Egypt]]
** [[Ghorbati|Ghorbati Doms in Iran and Afghanistan]]
** [[Doms in Iraq]]
** [[Doms in Israel]]
** [[Doms in Jordan]]
** [[Doms in Lebanon]]
** [[Doms in Libya]]
** [[Doms in Sudan]]
** [[Doms in Syria]]
** [[Doms in Tunisia]]
*** [[Lyuli]] and [[Garachi]] subgroup of Ghorbati

{{Romani people}}
* [[Romani people]], mainly European descendants of the Dom
** [[Timeline of Romani history]]
** [[History of the Romani people]]
*** [[Roma Route]], research project in Europe
** [[Romani diaspora]]
*** [[List of Romani settlements]]
*** [[List of Romani people]]
*** [[Sinti]], Romanis in Germany, France and Italy and Central Europe,

* [[Zott]], Arabic term for gypsies, Romani people, and Dom people
** [[Zuṭṭ]], Arabicised form of [[Jat people]]

== Notable people ==

* [[List of Romani people]]
* [[Bilal (Lebanese singer)]], 21st century
* [[Heera Dom]], 19th century poet in India

== See also ==

* [[Nomads of India]]
* [[Nomadic tribes in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060317194852/http://www.yakshagana.com/re-jan03.htm Dombari acrobats]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060503050112/http://www.afarm.org/Tribal.htm Government program geared towards Dombaris]
*[http://www.languageinindia.com/aug2002/indianmothertongues1961aug2002.html Dombari language speakers as listed in India]

{{Dom people}}
{{Bengali Hindu people}}
{{Scheduled Castes in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Dom in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Dom in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Dom in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Dalit communities]]
[[Category:Shudra castes]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Bihar]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Odisha]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Assam]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Delhi]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Kerala]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Maharashtra]]

Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan

2026-03-18T01:31:33Z

Ansuma Basumatary: starting basic page needs work - done

{{short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| name = Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan
| birth_place = [[Ezhuvanthala]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Film director
| spouse =
| children =
| years active = 2016-present|
}}

'''Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan''' is an Indian film director and actor, who has worked on Tamil and Malayalam language films. He rose to fame through the thriller drama ''[[Lens (film)|Lens]]'' (2016), and has gone on to make feature films including the family dramas ''[[The Mosquito Philosophy]]'' (2019) ''[[Thalaikoothal (film)|Thalaikoothal]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2021/mar/30/the-mosquito-philosophy-was-born-out-of-sheer-frustration-jayaprakash-radhakrishnan-23683.html|title=The Mosquito Philosophy was born out of sheer frustration: Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan|website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=30 March 2021 }}</ref> and [[Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai]](2025)

==Career==
Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan worked as a software engineer, spending seven years in the United States, before returning to Chennai, hoping to work as an actor in Tamil films. His most notable acting roles came through ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]'' (2011) and as [[Ajith Kumar]]'s friend in [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/when-skype-takes-over-life/article7800171.ece|title=When Skype takes over life|newspaper=The Hindu |date=24 October 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/exclusive-nikki-wants-commit-suicide-camera-urumi-actor-jayaprakash-explains-why-lens-647807|title='Yennai Arindhaal' actor Jayaprakash explains why 'Lens' character wants to commit suicide on camera|date=24 September 2015|website=www.ibtimes.co.in}}</ref>

Radhakrishnan made his directorial debut through the bilingual film ''[[Lens (film)|Lens]]'' starring [[Anand Sami]] and [[Vinutha Lal]] in lead roles alongside himself. The film was widely released both in Malayalam and Tamil. The film opened to positive reviews, with Radhakrishnan winning the [[Gollapudi Srinivas National Award|Gollapudi Srinivas National award]] for Best Debut Director.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/lens-pushes-envelope-of-tamil-indie-cinema/|title='Lens' pushes envelope of Tamil indie cinema|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2016 |title=Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan on his debut film, on cyber bullying, 'Lens' |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Behind-the-Lens/article14408400.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

Radhakrishnan next worked on ''[[The Mosquito Philosophy]]'' (2019), an experimental family drama film shot in Tamil, ''[[The Mosquito Philosophy]]'' (2019) produced by himself. The plot for the film emerged over drinks with Radhakrishnan's friend Suresh, who eventually played the protagonist. The scenes were shot sequentially, beginning with the drive to the nearest liquor store. Radhakrishnan revealed "with no script in hand, everyone responded spontaneously to the developing plot from the depth of their own experiences".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Sanjana |title=Making A Movie: An Interview With Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan, Director Of 'Lens' |url=https://silverscreen.in/features/the-jayaprakash-radhakrishnan-interview/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607103241/https://silverscreen.in/features/the-jayaprakash-radhakrishnan-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=7 June 2019 |publisher=Siverscreen India |date=11 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shruti Haasan to present director Jayprakash Radhakrishnan's next titled The Mosquito Philosophy |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shruti-haasan-present-director-jayprakash-radhakrishnans-next-titled-mosquito-philosophy/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shruti Haasan to produce 'The Mosquito Philosophy' |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/shruti-haasan-to-produce-the-mosquito-philosophy-118062100062_1.html |access-date=7 June 2019 |publisher=Business Standard |date=21 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="CROW">{{cite news |last1=Bhavanishankar |first1=Jyothsna |title=Interview with Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan. |publisher=Movie Crow |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/interviews/53/director-jayaprakash-radhakrishnan-interview |access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref> His third film ''[[Thalaikoothal (film)|Thalaikoothal]]'' (2023), produced by [[YNOT Studios]] was based on the [[thalaikoothal|practice of the same name]]. Featuring established actors such as [[Samuthirakani]] and [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]], it released in theatres to critical acclaim and is now streaming on Netflix.

His recent release ''[[Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai|Kadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai]]'', a first LGBT-romantic drama in Tamil starring [[Lijomol Jose]] and [[Rohini Molleti|Rohini]] in the lead roles<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jyotika-says-love-is-about-2-hearts-not-2-genders-as-she-shares-kadhal-enbadhu-podhu-udamai-poster-see-here-2334587-2023-02-14|title=Jyotika says 'love is about 2 hearts, not 2 genders,' as she shares Kadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai poster. See here|website=India Today |date=14 February 2023 }}</ref> released on Feb 14th 2025 to critical acclaim

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film
!Director
!Actor!! Language
!Notes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''
|
|{{Yes}}|| [[Malayalam]]
|
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]''
|
|{{Yes}}|| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
| 2016 || | ''[[Lens (film)|Lens]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|| Tamil/English
|
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Vanjagar Ulagam]]''
|
|{{Yes}}
| rowspan="5" |Tamil
|
|-
| 2019 || ''[[The Mosquito Philosophy]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023 || ''[[Thalaikoothal (film)|Thalaikoothal]]''
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[Harkara]]''
|
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai]]''
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|7424138}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Radhakrishnan, Jayaprakash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]

10th Lok Sabha

2026-03-11T04:07:39Z

Ansuma Basumatary: enhance information further and corrected details

{{Short description|Lower House members elected in 1991}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 10th Lok Sabha
| image = New Delhi government block 03-2016 img3.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|Old Parliament House]], [[Sansad Marg]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| body = [[Indian Parliament]]
| election = [[1991 Indian general election]]
| before = ''[[9th Lok Sabha]]''
| after = ''[[11th Lok Sabha]]''
}}
The '''10th Lok Sabha''', (20 June 1991 – 10 May 1996) elected during [[1991 Indian general election]] held during May–June 1991. The [[Lok Sabha]] (House of the People) is the lower house in the [[Parliament of India]], four sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 10th Lok Sabha after the Indian general election, 1991.<ref name="rs">{{cite web|title=RAJYA SABHA STATISTICAL INFORMATION (1952-2013)|url= http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/publication_electronic/rsstatis_inf52-03.pdf |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi|access-date= 29 August 2017|page=12 |date=2014}}</ref>{{Politics of India}}[[P V Narasimha Rao]] of Indian National Congress became the Prime Minister of India from 21 June 1991 till 16 May 1996, after INC won 244 seats, 47 more than previous [[9th Lok Sabha]].

The next [[11th Lok Sabha]] was constituted on 15 May 1996, after [[1996 Indian general election]].

==Important members==
* '''Speaker:'''
**[[Shivraj Patil]] from 10 July 1991 to 22 May 1996
* '''Deputy Speaker:'''
**[[S. Mallikarjunaiah]] from 13 August 1991 to 10 May 1996
*'''Secretary General:'''
**[[K. C. Rastogi]] from 20 June 1991 to 31 December 1991
**[[C K Jain]] from 1 January 1992 to 31 May 1994
**[[R.C. Bhardwaj]] from 31 May 1994 to 31 December 1995
**[[S.N. Mishra]] from 1 January 1996 to 10 May 1996

==List of members by political party==
Members of the political party in the 10th Lok Sabha are given below:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!S.No.
!Party name
!Number of MPs
|-
|1
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|252
|-
|2
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|121
|-
|3
|[[Janata Dal]] (JD)
|63
|-
|4
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)
|36
|-
|5
|[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
|14
|-
|6
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK)
|12
|-
|7
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (JMM)
|7
|-
|8
|[[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
|7
|-
|9
|[[Telugu Desam (V)]] (TD(V))
|6
|-
|10
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)]] (RSP)
|5
|-
|11
|[[Janata Party]](Janata Party)
|4
|-
|12
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] (SS)
|4
|-
|13
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]](BSP)
|3
|-
|14
|[[Forward Bloc (Marxist)]] (FB(M))
|3
|-
|15
|[[Nominated]] (NM)
|3
|-
|16
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]] (IUML)
|2
|-
|17
|[[All India Forward Bloc]] (AIFB)
|1
|-
|18
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] (AIMIM)
|1
|-
|19
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]] (AGP)
|1
|-
|20
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation]] (CPI(ML)L)
|1
|-
|21
|[[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|Indian Congress (Socialist)]] (Congress (S))
|1
|-
|22
|[[Indian National Congress]] (Congress)
|1
|-
|23
|[[Haryana Vikas Party]] (HVP)
|1
|-
|24
|Independent (Ind.)
|1
|-
|25
|[[Kerala Congress]] (KC)
|1
|-
|26
|[[Manipur People's Party]] (MPP)
|1
|-
|27
|[[N.P.C.]] (N.P.C.)
|1
|-
|28
|[[Samata Party]] (SAP)
|1
|-
|29
|[[Sikkim Sangram Parishad]] (SSP)
|1
|-
|}

== List of Members by state ==

{{see also|List of members of the 10th Lok Sabha}}

===[[Andhra Pradesh]]===
'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (27) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFF31|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] (13) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#0000FF|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (1) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#009F3C|[[All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (1) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (1) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No.
! Constituency
! Type
! Name of Elected M.P.
! Party affiliation
|-
| 1 || [[Srikakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srikakulam]] || GEN || [[Dr.Kanithi Viswanatham]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 2 || [[Parvathipuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parvathipuram]] || ST || Vijayarama Raju Satrucharla || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 3 || [[Bobbili (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bobbili]] || GEN || [[Poosapati Ananda Gajapathi Raju]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 4 || [[Visakhapatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Visakhapatnam]] || GEN ||Dr. M.V.V.S Murthi||[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 5 || [[Bhadrachalam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadrachalam]] || ST || Kamala Kumari Karriydula ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 6 || [[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anakapalli]] || GEN || [[Rama Krishna Konathala]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 7 || [[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]] || GEN || Thota Subbarao ||[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 8 || [[Rajahmundry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajahmundry]] || GEN ||Dr. K.V.R.Choudhary || [[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 9 || [[Amalapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]] || SC || Ganti Mohana Chandra Balayogi || [[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 10 || [[Narasapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasapur]] || GEN || Vijaya Kumar Raju Bhupathiraju ||[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 11 || [[Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency)|Eluru]] || GEN || Bolla Bulli Ramaiah ||[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 12 || [[Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machilipatnam]] || GEN || [[Kolusu Peda Reddaiah Yadav]]|| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 13 || [[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada]] || GEN || [[Sobhanadreeswara Rao Vadde]]||[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 14 || [[Tenali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tenali]] || GEN || |Prof. Ummareddy Venkateswarlu || [[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 15 || [[Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guntur]] || GEN || [[Lal Jan Basha S.M.]]|| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 16 || [[Bapatla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla]] || GEN || Venkateswara Daggubati Rao ||[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 17 || [[Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasaraopet]] || GEN || Kasu Venkata Krishna Reddy ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 18 || [[Ongole (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ongole]] || GEN || [[Magunta Subbarama Reddy]] ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 19 || [[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nellore]] || SC || [[Kumari Padmashree Kudumula]]|| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 20 || [[Tirupathi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupathi]] || SC || Dr.Chinta Mohan || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 21 || [[Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]] || GEN || M. Gnanendra Reddy || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 22 || [[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]] || GEN || Annaiahgari Sai Pratap ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 23 || [[Cuddapah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuddapah]] || GEN || Y.S.Rajasekhar Reddy ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 24 || [[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]] || GEN || S.Gangadhar || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 25 || [[Anantapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantapur]] || GEN || [[Anantha Venkatarami Reddy]] ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 26 || [[Kurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurnool]] || GEN || [[Kotla Jaya Prakash Reddy]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 27 || [[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]] || GEN || [[Gangula Prathap Reddy]] || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 28 || [[Nagarkurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagarkurnool]] || SC || [[Ravi Mallu]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 29 || [[Mahabubnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahabubnagar]] || GEN || Mallikarjun ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 30 || [[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hyderabad]] || GEN || [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]] ||[[All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|-
| 31 || [[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]] || GEN || Bandaru Dattatreya ||[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 32 || [[Siddipet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Siddipet]] || SC || [[Nandi Yellaiah]] || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 33 || [[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]] || GEN || M.Baga Reddy || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 34 || [[Nizamabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nizamabad]] || GEN || Gaddam Ganga Reddy ||[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 35 || [[Adilabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adilabad]] || GEN || Allola Indrakaran Reddy ||[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 36 || [[Peddapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapalli]] || SC || [[G. Venkat Swamy]] || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 37 || [[Karimnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimnagar]] || GEN || [[J. Chokka Rao|Juvvadi Chokka Rao]]|| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 38 || [[Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hanamkonda]] || GEN || [[Kamaluddin Ahmed (politician)|Kamaluddin Ahmed]] ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 39 || [[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal]] || GEN || Surendra Reddy || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 40 || [[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam]] || GEN || Palacholla Venkata Rangayya Naidu || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 41 || [[Nalgonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalgonda]] || GEN || [[Bommagani Dharma Bhiksham]] ||[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
| 42 || [[Miryalguda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Miryalguda]] || GEN || Bhim Narsinha Reddy ||[[Communist Party of India(M)]]
|-
|}

===[[Arunachal Pradesh]]===
'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No.
! Constituency
! Type
! Name of Elected M.P.
! Party affiliation
|-
| 1 || [[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West]] || GEN || Laeta Umbrey ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 2 || [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]] || GEN || Prem Khandu Thungon ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|}

===[[Assam]]===
'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (8) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (2) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (2) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#99CCFF|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]] (1) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2||Independent (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No.
! Constituency
! Type
! Name of Elected M.P.
! Party affiliation
|-
| 1 || [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]] || SC || Dwaraka Nath Das || [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
| 2 || [[Silchar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Silchar]] || GEN || [[Kabindra Purkayastha]] ||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 3 || [[Autonomous District (Lok Sabha constituency)|Autonomous District]] || ST || Dr. Jayanta Rongpi || [[Autonomous State Demand Committee]]
|-
| 4 || [[Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhubri]] || GEN || Nurul Islam || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 5 || [[Kokrajhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kokrajhar]] || ST || Satyendra Nath Brohmo Chaudhury || [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 6 || [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]] || GEN || Uddabh Berman || [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|-
| 7 || [[Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gauhati]] || GEN || Kirip Chaliha || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 8 || [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]] || GEN || Probin Deka || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 9 || [[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur]] || GEN || Swarup Upadhyay || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 10 || [[Nowgong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nowgong]] || GEN || Muhi Ram Saikia || [[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| 11 || [[Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor]] || GEN || Tarun Gogoi || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 12 || [[Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jorhat]] || GEN || Bijoy Krishna Handique || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 13 || [[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh]] || GEN || [[Paban Singh Ghatowar]] ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 14 || [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur]] || GEN || Balin Kuli || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|}

===Bihar===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No.
! Constituency
! Type
! Name of Elected M.P.
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
|-
| 1 || [[Bagaha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagaha]] || SC || [[Mahendra Baitha]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 2 || [[Bettiah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bettiah]] || GEN || [[ Faiyazul Azam]]
|-
| 3 || [[Motihari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Motihari]] || GEN || [[Kamla Mishra Madhukar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 4 || [[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gopalganj]] || GEN || [[Abdul Ghafoor]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=6}}
|-
| 5 || [[Siwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Siwan]] || GEN || [[Brishin Patel]]
|-
| 6 || [[Maharajganj (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]] || GEN || [[Girija Devi]]
|-
| 7 || [[Chapra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chapra]] || GEN || [[Lal Babu Rai]]
|-
| 8 || [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]] || SC || [[Ram Sunder Das]]
|-
| rowspan=2| 9 || rowspan=2| [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]] || rowspan=2| GEN || Shiva Sharan Singh
|-
|| [[Lovely Anand]] (By poll) || {{Full party name with colour|Samata Party}}
|-
| 10 || [[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]] || GEN || [[George Fernandes]]|| {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 11 || [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]] || GEN || [[Nawal Kishore Rai]]
|-
| 12 || [[Sheohar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sheohar]] || GEN || [[Hari Kishore Singh]]
|-
| 13 || [[Madhubani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhubani]] || GEN || [[Bhogendra Jha]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 14 || [[Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhanjharpur]] || GEN || [[Devendra Prasad Yadav]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=5}}
|-
| 15 || [[Darbhanga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darbhanga]] || GEN || [[Mohammad Ali Ashraf Fatmi]]
|-
| 16 || [[Rosera (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rosera]] || SC || [[Ram Vilas Paswan]]
|-
| 17 || [[Samastipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Samastipur]] || GEN || [[Manjay Lal]]
|-
| 18 || [[Barh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barh]] || GEN || [[Nitish Kumar]]
|-
| 19 || [[Balia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balia]] || GEN || [[Surya Narayan Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 20 || [[Saharsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharsa]] || GEN || [[Surya Narayan Yadav (Indian politician)|Surya Narayan Yadav ]]|| {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=4}}
|-
| 21 || [[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]] || GEN || [[Sharad Yadav]]
|-
| 22 || [[Araria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araria]] || SC || [[Sukdeo Paswan]]
|-
| 23 || [[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]] || GEN || [[Syed Shahabuddin]]
|-
| 24 || [[Purnea (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnea]] || GEN || [[Pappu Yadav]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent}}
|-
| 25 || [[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katihar]] || GEN || [[Yunus Saleem]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}
|-
| 26 || [[Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]] || ST || [[Simon Marandi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 27 || [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dumka]] || ST || [[Shibu Soren]]
|-
| 28 || [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]] || GEN || [[Suraj Mandal (politician)|Suraj Mandal]]
|-
| 29 || [[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banka]] || GEN || Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 30 || [[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]] || GEN || [[Chunchun Prasad Yadav]]
|-
| 31 || [[Khagaria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khagaria]] || GEN || [[Ram Sharan Yadav]]
|-
| 32 || [[Monghyr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Monghyr]] || GEN || [[Brahmanand Mandal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 33 || [[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Begusarai]] || GEN || [[Krishna Sahi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 34 || [[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]] || GEN || [[Vijay Kumar Yadav (Communist Party politician)|Vijay Kumar Yadav]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 35 || [[Patna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna]] || GEN || [[Ram Kripal Yadav]] (1993)<ref>{{Cite web |last=कुमार शर्मा |first=अशोक |date=2019-04-08 |title=पटना साहिब: 1991 में जब ना यशवंत सिन्हा जीते और ना आईके गुजराल |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/india/lok-sabha-elections-2019-bihar-patna-sahib-seat-1991-election-history-500833.html |website=hindi.oneindia.com}}</ref>|| {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 36 || [[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]] || GEN || [[Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav]]
|-
| 37 || [[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]] || GEN || [[Tej Narayan Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 38 || [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]] || SC || [[Chhedi Paswan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 39 || [[Bikramganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikramganj]] || GEN || [[Ram Prasad Singh]]
|-
| 40 || [[Aurangabad (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]] || GEN || [[Ram Naresh Singh]]
|-
| 41 || [[Jahanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jahanabad]] || GEN || [[Ramashray Prasad Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 42 || [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]] || SC || [[Prem Chand Ram]]
|-
| 43 || [[Gaya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gaya]] || SC || [[Rajesh Kumar Manjhi|Rajesh Kumar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 44 || [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]] || GEN || [[Upendra Nath Verma]]
|-
| 45 || [[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]] || GEN || [[Mumtaz Ansari]]
|-
| 46 || [[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]] || GEN || [[Binod Bihari Mahato]] || {{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|-
| 47 || [[Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]] || GEN || [[Rita Verma]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 48 || [[Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hazaribagh]] || GEN || |[[Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 49 || [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]] || GEN || [[Ram Tahal Choudhary]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 50 || [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]] || GEN || [[Shailendra Mahato]] || {{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 51 || [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]] || ST || [[Krishna Marandi]]
|-
| 52 || [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]] || ST || [[Kariya Munda]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bhartiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 53 || [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]] || ST || [[Lalit Oraon]]
|-
| 54 || [[Palamau (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamau]] || SC || [[Ram Deo Ram]]
|-
|}

===[[Karnataka]]===
'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No.
! Constituency
! Name of Elected M.P.
! Party affiliation
|-
| 1 || Narasimharaja || [[Aziz Sait]] ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|}

'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Janatha Dal|JD]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No.
! Constituency
! Name of Elected M.P.
! Party affiliation
|-
| 2 || Chikkaballapur || [[Harish C]]||[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|}

===[[Maharashtra]]===
(Plain Text Format)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1991-election-results.html|title = 1991 India General (10th Lok Sabha) Elections Results}}</ref>
Ahmednagar GEN Gadakh Yeshawantrao M INC
Akola GEN Fundkar Pandurang Pundlik M BJP
Amravati GEN Pratibha Devisinha Patil (W) F INC
Aurangabad GEN Moreshwar Save M SHS
Baramati GEN Ajit Annatrao Pawar M INC
Beed GEN Kshirsagar Kesharbai Sonajirao Alias Kaku (W) F INC
Bhandara GEN Praful Manohar Bhai Patel M INC
Buldhana (SC) Wasnik Mukul Balkrishna M INC
Chandrapur GEN Potdukhe Shantaram M INC
Chimur GEN Muttemwar Vilas Baburao M INC
Dahanu (ST) Damu Barku Shingda M INC
Dhule (ST) Chaure Bapu Hari M INC
Erandol GEN Patil Vijay Naval M INC
Hingoli GEN Gundewar Vilasrao Nagnathrao M SHS
Ichalkaranji GEN Mane Balaso Alias Rajaram Shankarrao M INC
Jalgaon GEN Gunavant Rambhau Saroda M BJP
Jalna GEN Ankushrao Tope M INC
Karad GEN Chavan Prithviraj Dajishaheb M INC
Khed GEN Navale Vidura Vithoba M INC
Kolaba GEN A.R. Antulay M INC
Kolhapur GEN Gaikwad Udaysingrao Nanasaheb M INC
Kopargaon GEN Kale Shankarrao Deoram M INC
Latur GEN Patil Shivraj Vishwanath M INC
Mgaon (ST) Kahandole Zamru Manglu M INC
Mumbai-North GEN Ram Naik M BJP
Mumbai-North-Central GEN Dighe Sharad Shankar M INC
Mumbai-North-East GEN Guradas Kamat M INC
Mumbai-North-West GEN Sunil Dutt M INC
Mumbai-South GEN Deora Murli M INC
Mumbai-South-Central GEN Mohan Rawale M SHS
Nagpur GEN Meghe Dattaji Raghobaji M INC
Nanded GEN Suryakants Patil (W) F INC
Nandurbar (ST) Gavit Manikrao Hodalya M INC
Nashik GEN Pawar Vasant Niwrutti M INC
Osmanabad (SC) Kamble Arvind Tulshiram M INC
Pandharpur (SC) Thorat Sandipan Bhagwan M INC
Parbhani GEN Deshmukh Ashokrao Anandrao M SHS
Pune GEN Anna Joshi M BJP
Rajapur GEN Sudhir Sawant M INC
Ramtek GEN Bhonsle Tejsingharao Laxmanrao M INC
Ratnagiri GEN Govindram Nikam M INC
Sangli GEN Patil Prakashbapu Vasantrao M INC
Satara GEN Bhosale Prataprao Baburao M INC
Solapur GEN Sadul Dharmanna Mondayya M INC
Thane GEN Kapse Ramchandra Ganesh M BJP
Wardha GEN Ghangare Ramchandra Marotrao M CPM
Washim GEN Anantrao Vitthalrao Deshmukh M INC
Yavatmal GEN Uttamrao Deorao Patil M INC

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://loksabha.nic.in/ Lok Sabha website]
{{Lok Sabha}}
{{Parliament of India}}

[[Category:10th Lok Sabha| ]]
[[Category:Terms of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1996 disestablishments in India]]

Abu Road railway station

2026-03-10T16:21:10Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{Short description|Railway Station in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Abu Road
| system = [[Indian Railways]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Abu Road railway station, platform 2.jpg
| caption = Abu Road railway station
| address = [[Abu Road]], [[Rajasthan]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.4807|N|72.7854|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline, title}}
| elevation = {{convert|262.430|m|ft}}
| line = [[Ahmedabad]]–[[Delhi]] main line [[Jaipur–Ahmedabad line]]
| structure = Standard on ground
| platform = 3
| tracks = 6
| entrances =
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = No
| opened = 1881
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = ABR
| division = {{rwd|Ajmer}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Rajasthan
| map_size = 300
}}
'''Abu Road railway station''' (station code: '''ABR''') is a railway station located in [[Abu Road]] in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. It serves the town of [[Abu Road]] and is a gateway to the popular [[hill station]] at [[Mount Abu]].

==The railway station==
Abu Road railway station is at an elevation of {{convert|262.430|m|ft}} and is assigned the code ABR.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/abu-road-abr/131|title= Arrivals at Abu Road|publisher= indiarailinfo| access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref>

==History==
Rajputana State Railway opened the Delhi–Bandikui {{track gauge|1000mm}}-wide [[metre-gauge]] line in 1874, extending it to Ajmer in 1875 and to Ahmedabad in 1881.<ref name=irfcaii>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title= IR History: Early Days II (1870–1899)| publisher=IRFCA| access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> The Delhi–Ajmer metre-gauge line was converted to {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] in 1994. The Ahmedabad–Ajmer sector was fully converted to broad gauge in 1997, while parts of it were converted earlier.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html |title= IR History: Part V (1970–1995)| publisher=IRFCA| access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref>

==Services==
* [[Swarna Jayanti Rajdhani Express|New Delhi – Ahmedabad Swarna Jayanti Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express|Delhi Sarai Rohilla – Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express]]
* [[Amrapur Aravali Express]]
* [[Ashram Express]]
* [[Haridwar Mail]]
* [[Ranakpur Express]]
* [[Suryanagri Express]]
* [[Mysore–Ajmer Express|Mysore – Ajmer Express]]
* [[Dadar–Ajmer Superfast Express|Dadar – Ajmer Superfast Express]]
* [[Bikaner–Dadar Superfast Express|Bikaner – Dadar Superfast Express]]
* [[Chandigarh–Bandra Terminus Superfast Express|Chandigarh – Bandra Terminus Superfast Express]]
* [[Bandra Terminus–Jammu Tawi Vivek Express|Bandra Terminus – Jammu Tawi Vivek Express]]

== Diesel Loco Shed ==
The [[Diesel Loco Shed, Abu Road]] located here provides employment to a large number of people and holds an important place in town's economy. The Diesel Shed at Abu Road was commissioned by [[Indian Railways]] as a [[metre-gauge]] shed on 26 October 1966.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-shed.html |title= Sheds and workshops|publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 26 April 2014}}</ref> It was then the largest MG shed of Western Railway with holdings of 112 locomotives. With [[broad gauge]] conversion, the shed was converted to a BG shed with holdings of 60 locomotives. There are 68 supervisors and 570 workers in the shed.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} It is the only Diesel shed in the Ajmer division and the 2nd in the [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway]] zone of [[Indian Railways]].

A diesel training center is located at the shed that conducts promotional, refresher and special courses for locomotive running staff as well as formal training of shed maintenance staff.

It currently houses 140+ diesel locomotives, like the [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM 3A]], [[WDG-3A|WDG 3A]], [[WDG 4]], [[WDP 4|WDP 4D]], and the [[WDG 4|WDG 4D]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/abu-road-abr/131 Trains at Abu Road]
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Mount Abu}}

{{Adjacent stations
|system=Indian Railways
|line=North Western Railway zone
|left=Morthala|to-left=Marwar Junction
|right=Maval|to-right=Palanpur Junction
|type=[[Jaipur–Ahmedabad line]]}}

{{Railway stations in Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1881]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Sirohi district]]
[[Category:Ajmer railway division]]
[[Category:Abu Road]]

Inderjit Singh Sidhu

2026-03-10T11:32:40Z

Ansuma Basumatary: starting a biography needs work

{{Short description|Indian social worker}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Inderjit Singh Sidhu
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| occupation = [[Social Worker]]
| known_for =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}

'''Inderjit Singh Sidhu''' is a former Indian police officer and social worker. He is a retired Deputy Inspector General (DIG) of Police and known for personally cleaning public spaces in [[Chandigarh]] as part of a long running civic cleanliness effort.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-25 |title=Ex-IPS Inderjit Sidhu, 88, on a mission to clean his city's streets by himself, gets Padma Shri |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/exips-inderjit-sidhu-88-on-a-mission-to-clean-his-citys-streets-by-himself-gets-padma-shri-101769338954202.html |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Social work ==
Sidhu’s daily street cleaning activities gained national attention for promoting citizen responsibility and public hygiene.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-23 |title=Anand Mahindra praises 88-year-old IPS officer for leading a cleanliness drive in Chandigarh, says ‘Purpose doesn’t retire' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/anand-mahindra-praises-88-year-old-ips-officer-for-leading-a-cleanliness-drive-in-chandigarh-says-purpose-doesnt-retire/articleshow/122837280.cms |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2026, the [[Government of India]] announced him as a recipient of the Padma Shri for his contribution to social service.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Nisha |title=Padma Awards 2026: Who is Inderjit Singh Sidhu? Ex-IPS Officer Who Gets Padma Shri for Cleaning Chandigarh Streets |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/india/who-is-inderjit-singh-sidhu-ex-ips-officer-who-gets-padma-shri-for-cleaning-chandigarh-streets-166414/ |access-date=6 February 2026 |work=[[The Sunday Guardian]] |date=25 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

He was included in the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] honours list under the category recognising unsung grassroots contributors. National media outlets have described his work as an example of sustained individual civic action.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-25 |title=Padma Awards 2026: Who is 87 yr old Inderjit Singh Sidhu, a retired DIG who cleans Chandigarh streets every morning? - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/padma-awards-2026-who-is-87-yr-old-inderjit-singh-sidhu-a-retired-dig-who-cleans-chandigarh-streets-every-morning-512830-2026-01-25 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> His recognition brought renewed public discussion on community-led cleanliness initiatives in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandigarh’s ‘broom warrior’, a former Punjab DIG Inderjit Singh Sidhu, gets Padma Shri at 88 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/uts-broom-warrior-a-former-dig-gets-padma-shri-at-88/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* [[Padma Shri]] (announced 2026) for social service<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Cleanliness is next to godliness’: Retired DIG among Padma Shri awardees |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/cleanliness-is-next-to-godliness-retired-dig-among-padma-shri-awardees-10494960/ |access-date=6 February 2026 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=26 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhardwaj |first1=Aman Kumar |title=Ex-IPS officer, 88, who cleaned Chandigarh streets, to be honoured with Padma Shri |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/88-year-old-ex-ips-officer-cleaning-chandigarh-streets-padma-shri-inderjit-singh-sidhu-2857594-2026-01-25 |access-date=6 February 2026 |work=[[India Today]] |date=25 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Shivam Pratap |title=Ex-IPS Inderjit Sidhu, 88, on a mission to clean his city's streets by himself, gets Padma Shri |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/exips-inderjit-sidhu-88-on-a-mission-to-clean-his-citys-streets-by-himself-gets-padma-shri-101769338954202.html |access-date=6 February 2026 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=25 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sidhu, Inderjit Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Aavi Kumar

2026-03-08T11:57:20Z

Ansuma Basumatary: fixed issues

{{Short description|2015 Indian film by K. Kandeepan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aavi Kumar
| image =
| caption =
| writer = Thai Muthu Selvan
| starring = [[Udhaya (actor)|Udhaya]] Kanika Tiwari [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]
| director = K. Kandeepan
| producer = Sridhar Narayanan S. Sivasaravanan
| music = [[Vijay Antony]] [[Srikanth Deva]]
| cinematography = Rajesh K. Narayanan
| studio = Action Take Movies Volmart Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2015|07|24|df=y}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| editing = [[Anil Malnad]]
}}
'''''Aavi Kumar''''' ({{Translation|Spirit Kumar}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] horror comedy [[film]] directed by Kandeepan. The film stars [[Udhaya (actor)|Udhaya]] and Kanika Tiwari in the lead roles while [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]] and [[Manobala]] among others form an ensemble cast. This movie is an unofficial remake of [[Mohanlal]] starrer ''[[Vismayathumbathu]]'' (2004). Music for the film was composed by [[Vijay Antony]] and [[Srikanth Deva]] and the film opened to negative reviews in July 2015.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Udhaya (actor)|Udhaya]] as Kumar
* [[Kanika Tiwari]] as Abhirami
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Mahendran
* [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]] as Kumar's friend
* [[Manobala]] as Doctor
* [[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Kumar's uncle
* [[Ramdoss]] as patient
* [[Devadarshini]] as patient's wife
* [[Bava Lakshmanan]] as broker
* Vijayaganesh
* Hafsal
* Sharfuddin Shah
* Punitha Shanmugam
* Agnes Sounkar
* Madhu Tiwari
* 'Saivam' Vicky
* Varusai Kubendran
{{colend}}

==Production==
Choreographer [[Chinni Prakash]] recommended that the team sign on Kanika Tiwari for the lead role, after she had made her acting debut in the Hindi film, ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]'' (2012) as [[Hrithik Roshan]]'s sister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-12-18 |title=Bhopal girl bags lead role in Tamil movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/bhopal-girl-bags-lead-role-in-tamil-movie/articleshow/17658369.cms |access-date=2023-11-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Vijay Antony]] was signed on as music composer, and suggested the title for the film. His busy schedules meant that [[Srikanth Deva]] was later brought in to finish the film's score and soundtrack. Shooting for the film began in Malaysia during December 2012, with a first loom poster released on the day. The film progressed throughout April 2013, with Udhaya balancing his shoot alongside his commitments as an actor in his brother's film, ''[[Thalaivaa]]'' (2013). The team shot in Malaysia for 45 days, before returning to Chennai finish portions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nikhil Raghavan |date=18 March 2013 |title=Shot Cuts: Murder mystery |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/shot-cuts-murder-mystery/article4522030.ece |access-date=27 October 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music composed by [[Vijay Antony]] and [[Srikanth Deva]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Music
|-
| 1 || "Idhayam Nagaruthe" || Santhosh, Manasi || rowspan=4|[[Na. Muthukumar]] || rowspan=2|Vijay Antony
|-
| 2 || "Poo Poo Veliye Poo" || [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
|-
| 3 || "Vaa Vaa Tamizh Paiyya" || Kavitha || Srikanth Deva
|-
| 4 || "Vaa Vaa Uyire Vaa" || [[Vijay Antony]] || Vijay Antony
|-
|}

==Release==
The film opened in July 2015 to mixed reviews from critics. A reviewer from the ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' noted "the plot is new and interesting", while the "film had all the potential to turn out to be an engaging thriller, had the director infused some twists and turns instead of narrating it flat".<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2015 |title=Movie review 'Aavi Kumar': The film had potential to turn out to be an engaging thriller |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150725/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-aavi-kumar-film-had-potential-turn-out-be |access-date=27 October 2015 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Likewise, the critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' noted "in the right hands, this could have been an engaging mystery that thrilled us with every revelation", but "what we get is a tonally deaf film which goes about narrating the plot points in a bland and clichéd fashion".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aavi Kumar Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Aavi-Kumar/movie-review/48211639.cms |access-date=27 October 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Bland Screenplay with a Messy Climax |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/jul/25/a-bland-screenplay-with-a-messy-climax-791302.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijay Antony]]
[[Category:Films scored by Srikanth Deva]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Kerala Film Critics Association Awards

2026-03-06T12:42:27Z

Ansuma Basumatary: enhanced article also and added references for consistency

{{short description|Film award of film critics from Kerala, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Kerala Film Critics Association Awards
| current_awards =
| image = Kerala Film Critics Association Awards logo.png
| imagesize =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best in [[film]]
| presenter = [[Kerala Film Critics Association]]
| country = India
| year = 1977
| website = [https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/ keralafilmcritics.com]
}}

The '''Kerala Film Critics Association Awards''' are presented annually by the Kerala Film Critics Association to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam language film industry]] of [[India]]. The awards were instituted in 1977.<ref>[https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html "FILM CRITICS AWARDS COMPLETE LIST FROM 1977 TILL 2012 ഫിലിം ക്രിട്ടിക്‌സ് അവാര്‍ഡ് 1977 മുതല്‍ 2012 വരെ സമ്പൂര്‍ണ പട്ടിക"]. [[Kerala Film Critics Association]] (in Malayalam). Retrieved 2 February 2023.</ref>

== History ==
The Kerala Film Critics Association is an organisation of film critics from [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/23/stories/2002032303220200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024193543/http://hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/23/stories/2002032303220200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2010|author=N. J. Nair|title=No room for controversies|date=23 March 2002|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=3 June 2011}}</ref> It presents the Kerala Film Critics Association Awards each year to honour the finest achievements in filmmaking.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/entries-invited-for-film-critics-awards/article4275343.ece|title=Entries invited for film critics awards|author=Staff Reporter|date=2013-01-05|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-03-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Juries and rules ==
The awards are given in several categories. In addition to regular categories, the association occasionally has special awards. The awards include a cash award of Rs. 1 lakh for the best film. The second best film, best director, best actor and best actress will receive Rs. 25,000 each.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/entries-invited-for-film-critics-awards/article4275343.ece |title=Entries invited for film critics awards |author=Staff Reporter |date=5 January 2013 |work=The Hindu |access-date=13 March 2018 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Ceremonies ==
The following is a listing of all Kerala Film Critics Association Awards ceremonies since 2002.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Date
! Best Film
! Ref
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2002|26th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|27 January 2003
|''[[Nammal]]'' ''[[Nandanam (film)|Nandanam]]''
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nandanam-wins-best-film-dileep-best-actor-in-kerala/articleshow/35661402.cms |title = Nandanam wins best film, Dileep best actor in Kerala |date= 27 January 2003 |work=The Times of India |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2010|34th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|26 February 2011
|''[[Khaddama]]''
|<ref name="2010 award">{{cite news |title=Critics award: 'Gaddama' adjudged best film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/critics-award-gaddama-adjudged-best-film/ |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=26 February 2011}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2011|35th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|18 May 2012
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
|<ref name="2011 award">{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2012/may/18/pranayam-bags-film-critics-awards-369117.html |access-date=28 January 2023 |title ='Pranayam' bags Film Critics Awards |date= 18 May 2012 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2013|37th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|30 January 2014
|''[[Drishyam]]''
|<ref name="2013 award">{{cite news |title='Drishyam' Bags Kerala Film Critics Association Awards |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Drishyam-Bags-Kerala-Film-Critics-Association-Awards/2014/01/30/article2027269.ece |access-date=28 January 2023 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=30 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011939/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Drishyam-Bags-Kerala-Film-Critics-Association-Awards/2014/01/30/article2027269.ece |archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2014|38th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|15 April 2015
|''[[Ottaal]]'' ''[[Iyobinte Pusthakam]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/critics-awards-announced/article8658573.ece |title=Critics awards announced |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 May 2016 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2015|39th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|28 May 2016
|''[[Ennu Ninte Moideen]]''
|<ref>{{cite web |title=38th Kerala Film Critic Awards |url=https://www.timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/entertainment/477412/38th-kerala-film-critic-awards-kera.html |publisher=Timescontent.com |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=29 January 2023 |date=30 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2016|40th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|7 March 2017
|''[[Oppam]]''
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/film-critics-awards-announced/article17419650.ece/ |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Film critics awards announced |date=7 March 2017 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2017|41st Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|20 April 2018
|''[[Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum]]''
|<ref name="2017 award">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/film-critics-awards-announced/article23621153.ece |title=Film critics awards announced |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2018|42nd Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|9 April 2019
|''[[Oru Kuprasidha Payyan]]''
|<ref name="2018 award">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/apr/09/kerala-film-critics-awards-announced-1962020.html |title = Kerala Film Critics Awards announced |work=The New Indian Express |date=9 April 2019 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2019|43rd Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|20 October 2020
|''[[Jallikattu]]''
|<ref name="2019 award">{{cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2020/10/20/film-critics-awards2019-2020-nivin-pauly-manju-jallikattu-winners-list.html |title=Film critics awards: Nivin Pauly & Manju Warrier are best actors, Jallikattu best film |newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=20 October 2020 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2020|44th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|13 September 2021
|''[[The Great Indian Kitchen]]''
|<ref name="2020 award">{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/09/13/film-critics-association-awards-45th-edition-winners-list-details.amp.html|title=Film Critics Awards 2020: The Great Indian Kitchen wins the best film|date=13 September 2021|accessdate=28 January 2023|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2021|45th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|19 October 2022
|''[[Aavasavyuham]]''
|<ref name="2021 award">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/oct/19/kerala-film-critics-awards-announced-dulquer-salmaan-durga-krishna-win-big-35801.html |title=Kerala Film Critics Awards announced, Dulquer Salmaan, Durga Krishna win big |newspaper=[[Cinema Express]] |date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2022|46th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|23 May 2023
|''Headmaster'' ''[[B 32 Muthal 44 Vare]]''
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala Film Critics Awards: Darshana Rajendran, Kunchacko Boban are best actors; B 32 Muthal 44 Vare and Headmaster named best film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kerala-film-critics-awards-darshana-rajendran-kunchacko-boban-best-actors-b-32-muthal-44-vare-headmaster-win-8624128/ |access-date=8 June 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=23 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2023|47th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|12 May 2024
|''[[Aattam]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-05-12 |title=Kerala Film Critics Awards announced, ‘Aattam’ adjudged best film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-film-critics-awards-announced-aattam-adjudged-best-film/article68168365.ece |access-date=2024-08-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2024|48th Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|15 May 2025
|''[[Feminichi Fathima]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-04-15 |title=Kerala Film Critics Awards announced, ‘Feminichi Fathima’ adjudged best film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-film-critics-award-feminichi-fathima-tovino-thomas-nazriya-nazim-rima-kallingal/article69452021.ece |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

== Categories ==
===Main awards===
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Director]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Second Best Film]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Popular Film]]
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Debut Actor
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Debut Actress
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor in Negative Role
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in Negative Role
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Story]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematographer]]
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Debut Director
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Art Director
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Editor
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Sound Recording
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Costume Design
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Music Director]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Female Playback Singer]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Male Playback Singer]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Lyricist]]
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Choreographer
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Make-up Artist
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Child Artist
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Children's Film
* Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Special Jury Award

===Honorary awards===
* [[Chalachitra Ratnam Award]]
* [[Chalachitra Prathibha Award]]
* [[Ruby Jubilee Award]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/}}

{{Kerala Film Critics Association Awards}}
{{Malayalam films|horiz}}

[[Category:1977 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1977]]
[[Category:Indian film awards]]
[[Category:Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Kerala awards]]
[[Category:Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]

Manasina Maathu

2026-03-03T21:28:35Z

Ansuma Basumatary: small adjusted formatting per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Manasina Maathu
| image = Manasina_Maathu.jpg
| caption =
| director = R. Anantha Raju
| based_on = ''[[Roja Kootam]]'' (Tamil)(2002)
| producer = D K Ramakrishna (Praveen Kumar)
| writer =
| starring = [[Ajay Rao]] [[Aindrita Ray]] [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]]
| music = A. M. Neel
| cinematography = M. R. Seenu
| editing = Sree
| distributor =
| studio = Manasa Chithra
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|1|28}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Manasina Maathu''''' is a 2011 Indian [[Kannada film]] directed by R. Anantha Raju and produced by Praveen Kumar. The film stars [[Ajay Rao]] and [[Aindrita Ray]], paired together for the first time.
The film is a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Roja Kootam]]'' (2002). A. M. Neel has composed the music and M. R. Seenu is the cinematographer for the film.The film was released on 28 January 2011 to negative reviews from the critics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/132462/friday-release.html|title=Friday release|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=27 January 2011}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film is about the family entertaining romantic story.

==Cast==
* [[Ajay Rao]] as Ajay
* [[Aindrita Ray]] as Sahana
* Lohith as Krishna
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]]
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
* [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]]
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]]
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Umashri]]
* [[Padma Vasanthi]]
* [[Sathyajith (Kannada actor)|Sathyajith]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = Agodella Olledakke | extra1 = Ajay Warrior
| title2 = Bande Yaake | extra2 = Ajay Warrior, Nagachandrika
| title3 = Helalu Bande | extra3 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| title4 = Khalbali | extra4 =A. M. Neel, Shantala Vattam
| title5 = Naaniralu | extra5 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Anuradha Bhat]]
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and says "Aindrita Rai steals the show with her brilliant performance, especially in the emotional sequences. Ajay Rao has done justice to his role. Tara impresses. Sharan keeps up his good humour. M R Seenu's cinematography is good".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/manasina-maathu/movie-review/7384910.cms?from=mdr|title=MANASINA MAATHU MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2016}}</ref> A critic from [[The New Indian Express]] wrote "Neel's music has some good tunes, including ‘Hege helali nanna manasina maathu’ and ‘Naanirali nannavalu’. ‘Manasina Maathu’ is a feel-good film with neat performances. But its dragging moments take the film several notches down. But you can watch it once".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/review/2011/feb/02/manasina-maathu-224093.html|title=Manasina Maathu|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=2 February 2011}}</ref> A critic from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "The movie benefits from the steady direction of Anantharaju, though the storyline gets tad predictable. However, it is redeemed by fresh performances by Ajay and Aindrita Ray and debutante Lohith. Neeladri’s music is catchy. A remake of Srikanth-Bhoomika starrer Roja Koottam, it turns out to be sporadically entertaining".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/132825/manasina-maathu.html|title=Manasina Maathu|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=28 January 2011}}</ref> Sunayana Suresh from [[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] wrote "Ajay and Aindrita have really well-etched characters, which they bring alive magically. The first half has three forced songs, which could’ve have been done away with easily. But for that, this is the kind of film that makes for family viewing. Watch it this weekend, it can be worth your whil... ".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-manasina-maathu-is-for-the-family-crowds-1500403/amp|title=Review: 'Manasina Maathu' is for the family crowds|work=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]|date=29 January 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|13907186}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]

{{2010s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Pandem

2026-03-03T18:10:32Z

Ansuma Basumatary: New a stub

{{short description|2005 Indian romantic comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pandem
| image = Pandem.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| writer = [[Satish Vegesna]] {{small|(story/dialogues)}}
| screenplay = Sabhapati
| producer = Valluripally Ramesh Babu
| director = [[Sabapathy Dekshinamurthy]]
| starring = [[Jagapati Babu]] [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]]
| music = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
| cinematography = Sarath
| editing = Basva Paidireddy
| studio = Maharshi Cinema
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2005|2|5}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Pandem ''''' ({{translation|A Bet}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Sabapathy Dekshinamurthy]] in his Telugu debut. It stars [[Jagapati Babu]], [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]] and music composed by [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]. It was dubbed into Hindi as ''Mera Challenge''.

==Plot==
The film begins in a village where Seenu is a slacker the public considers hopeless. Lingaraju is its venomous president who has been unanimously elected for 25 years and behested on the town. Seeta, a native, returned after several years as a school teacher in the same city. Seenu & Seeta are childhood friends, and he falls for her in the first instance. From there, Seenu makes several efforts to gain her love, which ends humorously but to no avail. So, he directly proceeds to proclaim his love. At that point, Seenu discovers Seeta's intentions and the qualities that her spouse should hold. Firstly, an upright altruistic may not be a millionaire, but everyone praises him. Above all, he must be of a higher rank than her. Listening to it, Seenu backs and determines to acquire the eligibility which Seeta aspires.

Meanwhile, Lingaraju ploys a revolting deal with a few industrialists to construct a hazardous factory in the village. Simultaneously, it's time for elections, and Lingaraju is under brash given the absence of opposition. Here, Seenu decides to stand for reaching the heights that Seeta desires and knit her. At the outset, Seenu faces the loathsome knock-back from the public as he is considered a no-hoper. Consequently, he shoots several cheap shots when hostility toward him arises. During that plight, Seeta boosts his courage, guides him to put the village right, and amends the people's lifestyles. Moreover, she inquires about the cause behind his deeds when he reveals that he is to win a girl's heart but puts off who she is. He also asserts to first divulge the girl's whereabouts to her only when the time is right.

Now Seenu, with his wit, tactically procures the necessities required for the village, which Lingaraju cannot satisfy, including digging wells, laying roads, allotting houses for people in need, etc. Plus, he serves as domestic to whoever is in trouble and enforces Lingaraju to spend his corrupted earnings for the welfare of the villagers. Step-by-step flourishes and gains the credence & hearts of the public. Spotting it, Lingaraju trembles for severe alarm bells from his industrial partners. Simultaneously, Lingaraju is conscious that his son Rajesh likes Seeta and detects Seenu's motive. Whereupon, he ruses by engaging Seeta with Rajesh, which demoralizes Seenu. Despite that, Seenu stands firm and challenges Lingaraju to defeat him. Thus, Lingaraju backstabs Seenu and warns the villagers not to move forward; otherwise, all will be mass murder.

Yet, they boldly face the danger and safeguard Seenu. Next, everyone pleads with Seenu to withdraw because, as of today, they all treasure him. Additionally, they abuse Seeta, who is liable for these disputes. Forthwith, Seenu rebukes and dedicates his entire credit to Seeta, which molded him as worthy. Overhearing it, Seeta starts adoring him, but as affianced, she departs. Presently, The day of the election has arrived. During this, Lingaraju intrigues by hiding supporters of Seenu, and the remaining make in his favor as they have taken loans from him. Anyhow, Seenu valorously relieves his men and successfully conducts the polling when the two parties are given equal. At last, Seenu triumphs with a postal ballot polled by Seeta, who goes on election duty to the adjacent village, which collapses Lingaraju's domain. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Seenu & Seeta.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Jagapati Babu]] as Seenu
* [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]] as Seeta
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|Ramaraju]] as Lingaraju
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Satya Murthy
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Surinarayana
* [[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao|Kondavalasa]] as Jilla Rambabu
* [[Krishna Bhagawan]] as Muriki Appala Naidu
* [[Sivaji Raja]] as Abbulu
* [[Chinna (Telugu actor)|Chinna]] as RMP Doctor
* [[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]]
* Ravi Varma as Rajesh
* [[Subbaraya Sharma]] as Villager
* Sarika Ramchandra Rao as Pamula Narsaiyya
* Chitram Basha
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as Police Inspector
* Apoorva
* Mahathi as Pankajam
* Drasharamam Saroja as Saroja
* Lavanya
* Shobha Rani
* Sakhi
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pandhem
| type = film
| artist = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2005
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 21:52
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
| prev_title = Dhana 51
| prev_year = 2005
| next_title = [[Chakram (2005 film)|Chakram]]
| next_year = 2005
}}

Music was composed by [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]].<ref name="Songs">{{cite web|title=Songs|url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Pandhem-A0000464|publisher=Raaga|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306060132/http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Pandhem-A0000464|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-pandem.html|title=Audio release - Pandem|work=Idlebrain|date=18 January 2005|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117192023/http://idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-pandem.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:52
| title1 = Kukku Kukku
| lyrics1 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra1 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]]
| length1 = 4:50
| title2 = Guppedu Gundela
| lyrics2 = Vennelakanti
| extra2 = Chakri, Kousalya
| length2 = 4:36
| title3 = Ammadu Gummadu
| lyrics3 = Bhaskarabhatla
| extra3 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], Kousalya
| length3 = 3:45
| title4 = Ammalaganna Ammalara
| lyrics4 = Sahithi
| extra4 = Adarshini, Matin, Simha, Vasu
| length4 = 4:18
| title5 = Abbayo Vayasu
| lyrics5 = [[Kandikonda]]
| extra5 = Ravi Varma, Sunanda
| length5 = 4:09
}}

== Reception ==
[[Idlebrain.com|Idlebrain]] rated the film 3.25 out of 5 stars and noted that "On the whole, ''Pandem'' is a minimum guarantee film which you would never regret watching".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pandem – Telugu cinema Review – Jagapati Babu, Kalyani|url=http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-pandem.html|access-date=30 August 2021|website=idlebrain.com|archive-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830044349/http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-pandem.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote that "But the script is nowhere near taut, and the individual moments of the film completely undo the potential of the plot".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/pandem/telugu/pandem-movie-reviews-1195-2.html|title=Pandem Review|publisher=Full Hyderabad|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729145508/http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/pandem/telugu/pandem-movie-reviews-1195-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=3440154}}

[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chakri]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sabapathy Dekshinamurthy]]
[[Category:2005 romantic comedy films]]

Madanolsavam (2023 film)

2026-03-03T09:39:01Z

Ansuma Basumatary: made post

{{Short description|2023 Indian film by Sudheesh Gopinath}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Madanolsavam
| image = Madanolsavam 2023 film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sudheesh Gopinath
| writer =
| screenplay = [[Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval]]
| story = E Santhosh Kumar
| producer = Vinayaka Ajith
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]
| [[Babu Antony]]
| [[Rajesh Madhavan]]
| Bhama Arun
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[Shehnad Jalal]]
| editing =
| music = [[Christo Xavier]]
| studio = Saina Movies Ajith Vinayaka Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|04|14}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}'''''Madanolsavam''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[satire|satirical]] [[comedy film|comedy]] film directed by Sudheesh Gopinath and featuring [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], [[Babu Antony]], [[Rajesh Madhavan]] and Bhama Arun in lead roles. Produced by Vinayaka Ajith under the banner of Saina Movies, the film portrays the protagonist's journey from being a mere cog in the wheel to defying the odds and fighting his unusual circumstances to regain control of his life and destiny.

==Premise==
Two men who share the same first name sparks off the drama in Madanolsavam. In Balal, Kasaragod Madanan Mallakkara ([[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]) paints chickens and sells them for a living. During an election, the state's dominant party puts him up as a dummy candidate against the wealthy Madanan Manjakkaran ([[Babu Antony]]) to confuse voters. He is then kidnapped by the Namboothiri goons ([[Rajesh Madhavan]] and Ranji Kankol) and is tossed like a ping-pong ball between the two parties. Also tossed around with him are his aunt, the widow Alice and her child. Madanan dwells in a state of inertia in the early part of the film. Just when he is getting his act together, his life is snatched from him. He is naïve and uninterested in the goings-on beyond his own little world until then. Madanolsavam examines the question of whether he does and can stay that way when powerful forces threaten to rip his existence to shreds.

== Cast ==
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as Madanan Mallakkara
* [[Babu Antony]] as Madanan Manjakkaran
* [[Rajesh Madhavan]] as Sankaran Namboothiri
* Ranji Kankol as Achuthan Namboothiri
* Bhama Arun as Alice
* [[P.P. Kunhikrishnan|PP Kunhikrishnan]] as Chindan
* [[Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval]] as Nishad Purushan
* Rakesh Ushar as PRO Ouseph
* Sumesh Chandran as Boost Mohanan
* Swathi Das Prabhu as Joju
* Rajesh Azhikodan as Binu Thankachan
* Chandrika Madikai as Madanan Mallakkara's aunt

== Production ==
The shooting of the film was wrap up on 13 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=It's a wrap for Suraj Venjaramoodu starrer 'Madanolsavam' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-suraj-venjaramoodu-starrer-madanolsavam/articleshow/96191413.cms |access-date=2023-04-14 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414213303/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-suraj-venjaramoodu-starrer-madanolsavam/articleshow/96191413.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Later the trailer and teaser was released.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Madanolsavam' trailer: Suraj Venjaramoodu to play a crooked man in this comedy entertainer |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/madanolsavam-trailer-suraj-venjaramoodu-to-play-a-crooked-man-in-this-comedy-entertainer/articleshow/99291042.cms |access-date=2023-04-14 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413092601/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/madanolsavam-trailer-suraj-venjaramoodu-to-play-a-crooked-man-in-this-comedy-entertainer/articleshow/99291042.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Madanolsavam has an eternally relevant subject' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/apr/13/madanolsavam-has-an-eternally-relevant-subject-2565285.html |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=The New Indian Express |date=13 April 2023 |archive-date=2023-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414191145/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/apr/13/madanolsavam-has-an-eternally-relevant-subject-2565285.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Suraj's 'Madanolsavam' gets trailer; a crime-comedy? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/apr/04/surajs-madanolsavam-gets-trailer-a-crime-comedy-2562353.html |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=The New Indian Express |date=4 April 2023 |archive-date=2023-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414191145/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/apr/04/surajs-madanolsavam-gets-trailer-a-crime-comedy-2562353.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Reception ==

Swathi P. Ajith, critic of ''[[Onmanorama]]'', wrote that "''Madanolsavam'' is a great choice for viewers who are looking for a movie that is not too serious but still funny and entertaining."<ref>{{Cite web |title='Madanolsavam' Review: Suraj Venjaramoodu leads a laughter-filled romp through politics |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/04/14/madanolsavam-malayalam-movie-suraj-venjaramoodu-review.html |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=OnManorama |archive-date=2023-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414190234/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/04/14/madanolsavam-malayalam-movie-suraj-venjaramoodu-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A critic from ''[[OTTplay]]'' stated that "''Madanolsavam'' has enough laughs and would definitely please those who are inclined to social satires, but the movie's required more verve to keep the audience engaged in the second half" and gave 3 out of 5 ratings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madanolsavam review: Suraj Venjaramoodu's satire has laughs but needed more zing |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/madanolsavam-review-suraj-venjaramoodus-political-satire-has-enough-laughs-but-needed-more-zing/f33580e75f821 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414190433/https://www.ottplay.com/review/madanolsavam-review-suraj-venjaramoodus-political-satire-has-enough-laughs-but-needed-more-zing/f33580e75f821 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{imdb title|26423773}}

[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Christo Xavier]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]

Saivam

2026-03-03T03:32:19Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Starting a stub

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by A. L. Vijay}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Saivam
| image = Saivam.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Poster
| director = [[A. L. Vijay|Vijay]]
| producer = [[A. L. Azhagappan]]
| writer = Vijay
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]
* [[Sara Arjun]]
* [[Luthfudeen|Luthfudeen Baasha]]
* Twara Desai
* [[Vidya Pradeep]]
}}
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cinematography = [[Nirav Shah]]
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| studio = Think Big Studios
| distributor = [[Red Giant Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|06|27}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Saivam''''' ({{Translation|Vegetarianism}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[drama film]] written, directed and produced by [[A. L. Vijay|Vijay]]. The film features [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] in the lead role and child actress [[Sara Arjun]] plays another pivotal role. The film's cinematography was handled by [[Nirav Shah]] and music composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]. The film was released on 27 June 2014 to positive reviews. The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Dagudumootha Dandakor]]'' (2015), with Sara Arjun reprising her role.

==Plot==
Kathiresan Chettiyar is the head of a large family which consists of three sons and a daughter and their respective families. The families get together at the house for vacation. When the entire family goes to their temple on a given day, certain ill-fated events occur. The family believes that it is because it had forgotten to perform a ritual sacrifice which involves the slaughter of a rooster. This thought is fueled all the more by each family member blaming this to be the cause for all their problems both at home and at work. Kathiresan decides to sacrifice Paappa, their pet rooster, in the upcoming festival, and the family is assured that all their problems will disappear eventually after the ritual. Then, suddenly, Paappa goes missing.

The members of the family are shocked at Paappa's disappearance and begin searching for it. It is revealed out that Kathiresan's granddaughter Tamizhselvi hid Paappa in the attic in order to save it from getting slaughtered, as she loves Paappa so much that she cannot stand to see it die. The rest of the story revolves around Tamizhselvi's attempts to save Paappa from being slaughtered and the family's attempts to find the rooster and performing the ritual.

Ultimately she convinces everyone not to kill Paappa, as God if he care for one species should care for others too. In the mid-credits scene, everyone realises the truth and turn vegetarian indicating that they wouldn't harm any species.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Kathiresan
* [[Sara Arjun]] as Tamizhselvi
* [[Luthfudeen|Luthfudeen Baashaa]] as Senthil
* Twara Desai as Abhirami
* [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] as Meiyappan
* [[Shanmugarajan]] as AL. K. S. Swamigal
* [[Vidya Pradeep]] as Thenmozhi, Tamizh's mother
* [[George Maryan]] as Raja
* [[Rajyalakshmi]] as Dhanalakshmi
* Ray Paul as Saravanan
* Lakshmanan Ganesh as Ganeshan
* Shakti as Kumaran
* KS Suchitra Shetty as Usha
* Kousalya as Vishalakshi
* [[Kalyani Natarajan]] as Meenakshi
* Vittal as Ramanathan
* Ravi as Balamurugan
* Master Rahil Singhi as Karthik
* Kala as Kala
* Savithri as Kamatchi
* Malathi as Servant
{{colend}}

==Production==
In June 2013, Vijay revealed that after the completion of ''[[Thalaivaa]]'' (2013), he would work on a rural based subject featuring child actress [[Sara Arjun]] of ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'' fame in the lead role. Reports initially suggested that [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] would also play a character but his unavailability meant that the director had chosen to approach [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arya - AL Vijay New Flick Titled as Saivam ? |url=http://www.kollywoodtoday.net/news/arya-al-vijay-new-flick-titled-as-saivam/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106185041/http://www.kollywoodtoday.net/news/arya-al-vijay-new-flick-titled-as-saivam/ |archive-date=6 January 2014 |access-date=2014-02-06 |publisher=Kollywoodtoday.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-05 |title=Now Arya with Vijay?, Saivam, Arya |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/now-arya-with-vijay-saivam-arya-05-06-13.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917122522/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/now-arya-with-vijay-saivam-arya-05-06-13.html |archive-date=17 September 2013 |access-date=2014-02-06 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> Arya however denied reports, stating that Vijay had yet to approach him and only then would he consider portraying a role. Vijay announced his new production studio, Think Big Studios, would make the film and stated that the film would be about a child's love for her rooster.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-15 |title=Vijay gets into production! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vijay-gets-into-production-news-tamil-nlplC6ibeec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117042929/http://www.sify.com/movies/vijay-gets-into-production-news-tamil-nlplC6ibeec.html |archive-date=2013-11-17 |access-date=2014-02-06 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Most of the team's technical crew including the composer G. V Prakash and the cinematographer, Nirav Shah, worked without taking any remuneration for the film as an ode to their friendship with Vijay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-05 |title=Director Vijay's Saivam has 10 more days' of shooting left |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/director-vijays-saivam-has-10-more-days-of-shooting-left.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204024157/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/director-vijays-saivam-has-10-more-days-of-shooting-left.html |archive-date=4 February 2014 |access-date=2014-02-06 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> The first look poster of the film, featuring a rooster, was released on 16 November 2013 indicating that the film's production was underway. The team, featuring mostly a new cast, completed most of the schedule in a thirty-day stint in [[Karaikudi]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-15 |title=Vijay turns producer, launches Sara-starrer Saivam - Tamil Movie News |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/99887.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118060619/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/99887.html |archive-date=18 November 2013 |access-date=2014-02-06 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

Vijay released more information regarding the cast in January 2014 and announced that the son of actor [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Luthfudeen]], would make his acting debut in the film and would have the stage name of Senthil. He would appear alongside another debutant, Twara Desai, while [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] would play Senthil's grandfather in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-27 |title=Baasha, Nasser's son plays the lead in Director Vijay's Saivam |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/baasha-nassers-son-plays-the-lead-in-director-vijays-saivam.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130040801/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/baasha-nassers-son-plays-the-lead-in-director-vijays-saivam.html |archive-date=30 January 2014 |access-date=2014-02-06 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> Filming was completed within forty days and a series of promotional stills featuring the lead cast were released before a press release in March 2014.<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |date=7 March 2014 |title=Shotcuts: Look who's crooning! - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/shotcuts-look-whos-crooning/article5760843.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308171258/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/shotcuts-look-whos-crooning/article5760843.ece |archive-date=8 March 2014 |access-date=2014-07-20 |work=The Hindu |publisher=thehindu.com}}</ref> Talking further about the movie, Vijay revealed that ''Saivam'' would be about family values and hoped it would instill lost family traditions into the audiences, noting that he was inspired by his visits back to his home village.<ref name="bp1">{{Cite web |title=A L Vijay wants to instill Family Traditions with his Tamil Film Saivam |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/a-l-vijay-wants-to-instill-family-traditions-with-his-tamil-film-saivam/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317030829/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/a-l-vijay-wants-to-instill-family-traditions-with-his-tamil-film-saivam/ |archive-date=17 March 2014 |access-date=2014-03-07 |website=IANS |publisher=news.biharprabha.com}}</ref><ref name="thehindu2">{{Cite news |date=8 March 2014 |title=Back to the roots - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/back-to-the-roots/article5764141.ece?secpage=true&secname=entertainment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308171300/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/back-to-the-roots/article5764141.ece?secpage=true&secname=entertainment |archive-date=8 March 2014 |access-date=2014-07-20 |work=The Hindu |publisher=thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|Saivam (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack album is composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], who regularly composes for [[A. L. Vijay]]'s films. The album features five songs, with two instrumental tracks; all songs were written by [[Na. Muthukumar]]. Singer [[P. Unnikrishnan]]'s eight-year-old daughter [[Uthara Unnikrishnan]] recorded the song "Azhagu".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-19 |title=Eight-year old Uthara croons for 'Saivam' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/eight-year-old-uthara-croons-for-saivam-news-national-nltl4hehjgf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311171705/http://www.sify.com/movies/eight-year-old-uthara-croons-for-saivam-news-national-nltl4hehjgf.html |archive-date=2014-03-11 |access-date=2014-02-06 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film's soundtrack was released on 28 May 2014 at a launch event in [[Chennai]].<ref name="sify">{{Cite web |date=2014-05-28 |title=Saivam audio launch, a family function! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/saivam-audio-launch-a-family-function-news-tamil-oegmF1ibiaf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406191932/http://www.sify.com/movies/saivam-audio-launch-a-family-function-news-tamil-oegmF1ibiaf.html |archive-date=2014-04-06 |access-date=2014-07-20 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-29 |title=Saivam takes the traditional route |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Saivam-takes-the-traditional-route/articleshow/33558161.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701180053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Saivam-takes-the-traditional-route/articleshow/33558161.cms |archive-date=1 July 2020 |access-date=2014-07-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film was initially slated to release on 1 May 2014,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nasser's son to be launched on May 1? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Nassers-son-to-be-launched-on-May-1/articleshow/32480938.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815221620/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Nassers-son-to-be-launched-on-May-1/articleshow/32480938.cms |archive-date=15 August 2020 |access-date=2020-06-30 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> but due to a court order by SG Films, the film's release was put on hold. The film was released on 27 June 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Saivam ready to hit screens |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Saivam-ready-to-hit-screens/articleshow/36604541.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715135806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Saivam-ready-to-hit-screens/articleshow/36604541.cms |archive-date=15 July 2020 |access-date=2020-06-30 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Red Giant Movies]] acquired the distribution rights.

As a part of the film's promotion, the makers unveiled an online game based on this film, in which revolves around a rooster, trying to evade the people from catching it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Now, Tamil films turn into mobile games |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Now-Tamil-films-turn-into-mobile-games/articleshow/34541167.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002011519/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Now-Tamil-films-turn-into-mobile-games/articleshow/34541167.cms |archive-date=2 October 2014 |access-date=2020-06-30 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The theatrical trailer was released on 28 May 2014, at the film's audio launch.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Trailer of Saivam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Trailer-of-Saivam/articleshow/33348152.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701120928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Trailer-of-Saivam/articleshow/33348152.cms |archive-date=1 July 2020 |access-date=2020-06-30 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Reception==
The film received positive reviews from critics.

[[Rediff]] praised the film, saying "Good dialogues, great characterisation with opportunities for everyone to prove themselves, plenty of humour and a light-hearted romance makes this family drama an extremely engaging affair."<ref name="rediff">{{Cite web |title=Review: Saivam is worth a watch - Rediff.com Movies |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-saivam-is-worth-a-watch-south/20140627.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630070034/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-saivam-is-worth-a-watch-south/20140627.htm |archive-date=30 June 2014 |access-date=2014-07-20 |website=rediff.com}}</ref> ''[[The Times Of India]]'' said, "In all of his films so far, Vijay has struggled with the pacing but here, he is bang on and the slightly laid-back pace of the film fits its setting beautifully. It is no surprise that Saivam is his best — not to mention, his most original — film yet."<ref name="indiatimes2">{{Cite news |title=Saivam movie review: Wallpaper, Story, Trailer at Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Saivam/movie-review/37338588.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701034323/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Saivam/movie-review/37338588.cms |archive-date=1 July 2014 |access-date=2014-07-20 |work=The Times of India |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'}}s [[Baradwaj Rangan]] praised it as "a film that infuses artistry into a generally light-hearted entertainment. You can sense that Saivam is an all-round labour of love. There isn’t an iota of cynical calculation in it."<ref name="thehindu3">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2014 |title=Saivam: Something to crow about - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/saivam-something-to-crow-about/article6158097.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701085454/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/saivam-something-to-crow-about/article6158097.ece |archive-date=1 July 2014 |access-date=2014-07-20 |work=The Hindu |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Baby Utthara Unnikrishnan won the [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]], becoming the youngest winner of the prestigious award.<ref>[http://www.ibnlive.com/news/62nd-national-film-awards-complete-list-of-winners/535920-8-66.html "62nd National Film Awards: Complete list of winners"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716231202/https://www.news18.com/ |date=16 July 2023 }}. IBN Live. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.</ref> Lyricist [[Na. Muthukumar]], also received the [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|National Award for Best Lyricist]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3681448}}

{{A. L. Vijay}}

[[Category:Films directed by A. L. Vijay]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]

N4 (film)

2026-03-03T02:31:20Z

Ansuma Basumatary: quick reworked article to improve readability further and improved wording after review

{{No plot|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = N4
| image = N4 (film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Lokesh Kumar]]
| writer = Lokesh Kumar
| screenplay = Lokesh Kumar
| story =
| based_on =
| producer = Naveen Sharma Yogesh Sharma Lokesh Kumar Sagar Jayaram
| starring = [[Michael Thangadurai]] Gabriella Sellus Afsal Hameed [[Vinusha Devi]] [[Anupama Kumar]] [[Vadivukkarasi]] [[Abhishek Shankar]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Divyank
| editing = Dani Charles
| music = Balasubramanian G
| studio = Dharmraj Films Beyond The Limit Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|3|24}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''N4''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language crime-thriller film written and directed by [[Lokesh Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Subhakeerthana |date=16 May 2018 |title=TV actress Vani Bhojan to debut with Lokesh Kumar's film 'N4' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/may/16/tv-actress-vani-bhojan-to-debut-with-lokesh-kumars-film-n4-1815568.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019012204/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/may/16/tv-actress-vani-bhojan-to-debut-with-lokesh-kumars-film-n4-1815568.html |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Michael Thangadurai]], Gabriella Sellus, Akshay Kamal, Afsal Hameed, [[Vinusha Devi]], Pragya Nagra, and [[Anupama Kumar]] in pivotal roles whilst [[Abhishek Shankar]], [[Vadivukkarasi]], Azhagu and Subhalaxmi Parida play supporting roles.<ref name="web">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2019 |title=TV star Sharanya Turadi replaces Vani Bhojan in Lokesh Kumar's N4 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jun/21/tv-star-sharanya-turadi-replaces-vani-bhojan-in-lokesh-kumars-n4-12442.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026224026/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jun/21/tv-star-sharanya-turadi-replaces-vani-bhojan-in-lokesh-kumars-n4-12442.html |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref name="TOI">{{Cite web |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=10 January 2020 |title=With Sharanya opting out, Airaa girl Gabrella bags the lead role in N4 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/with-sharanya-opting-out-airaa-girl-gabrella-bags-the-lead-role-in-nh4/articleshow/73172562.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816125830/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/with-sharanya-opting-out-airaa-girl-gabrella-bags-the-lead-role-in-nh4/articleshow/73172562.cms |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=30 June 2019 |title=Pragya in Lokesh's Kasimedu-set thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/pragya-in-lokeshs-kasimedu-set-thriller/articleshow/70001991.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704073332/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/pragya-in-lokeshs-kasimedu-set-thriller/articleshow/70001991.cms |archive-date=4 July 2019 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |date=11 March 2020 |title=Anupama Kumar: The makers of 'Dharala Prabhu' have done justice to each and every character |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/anupama-kumar-the-makers-of-dharala-prabhu-have-done-justice-to-each-and-every-character-812637.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314113852/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/anupama-kumar-the-makers-of-dharala-prabhu-have-done-justice-to-each-and-every-character-812637.html |archive-date=14 March 2020 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Michael Thangadurai]] as Surya
* Gabriella Sellus as Soundharya
* Afsal Hameed as Karthi
* [[Vinusha Devi]] as Abhinaya
* Akshay Kamal as Vijay
* [[Pragya Nagra]] as Swathi
* [[Anupama Kumar]] as Fathima
* [[Abhishek Shankar]] as Rajarathinam
* Azhagu as Velu
* [[Vadivukkarasi]] as Kannamaa
* Akash Premkumar as John
}}

== Production ==
In May 2018, actress [[Vani Bhojan]] announced her debut in ''N4'' and said it will be directed [[Lokesh Kumar]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} However, in the middle of 2019 citing date issues, Vani stepped out of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=J |first=Sathish |date=22 June 2019 |title=Vani Bojan out of Lokesh's new film! |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/tamil/kollywood/actress-vani-bhojan-dropped-out-of-n-4-directed-by-director-lokesh-2057565 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813002715/https://movies.ndtv.com/tamil/kollywood/actress-vani-bhojan-dropped-out-of-n-4-directed-by-director-lokesh-2057565 |archive-date=13 August 2020 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> The makers then announced that ''[[Airaa]]'' actress Gabriella Sellus has replaced her.<ref name="TOI" /> The film was completely shot in and around [[Royapuram fishing harbour]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loren |first=Sofia |date=26 May 2022 |title=List Of June 2022 Tamil Movies Theatre Release |url=https://www.newsbricks.com/entertainment/list-of-june-2022-tamil-movies-theatre-release/23649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190808/https://www.newsbricks.com/entertainment/list-of-june-2022-tamil-movies-theatre-release/23649 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=Newsbrick}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film released 24 March 2023 across the Tamil Nadu. Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and noted that "N4 is an honest attempt with intense emotions, and it's definitely worth watching."<ref>{{Cite news |title=N4 Movie Review : Good writing and decent performances elevate N4 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/n4/movie-review/98930610.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324200053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/n4/movie-review/98930610.cms |archive-date=2023-03-24 |access-date=2023-03-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Sowmya Rajendran from ''[[The News Minute]]'' stated that "''N4''{{'}}s central idea seems to have been to look at how an accidental crime exposes power equations and systemic prejudice, without casting anyone as a vicious villain"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=N4 review: A middling thriller with interesting ideas and flawed execution |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/n4-review-middling-thriller-interesting-ideas-and-flawed-execution-174984 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324200058/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/n4-review-middling-thriller-interesting-ideas-and-flawed-execution-174984 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' critic gave 2.75 out of 5 and appreciated the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=2023-03-24 |title=N4 |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/n4-25275 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325122515/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/n4-25275 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Aaroor Dass

2026-02-26T11:20:34Z

Ansuma Basumatary:

{{Short description|Indian screenwriter (1931–2022)}}
{{Indian patronymic|'''Yesudas''' or by his [[stage name]] '''Aaroor Das'''|'''Santhaygu'''}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Kalaimamani]]
| name = Aaroor Dass
| image =
| caption = Tamil Cine Talk
| birth_name = Yesudas
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|09|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|2022|11|20|1931|09|10|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| height =
| other_names = Aarooraan
| occupation = Screenwriter
| awards = [[Kalaimamani]] Kavingnar Vaali Award (2016)<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web |url=https://www.tamil.thehindu.com/general/literature/தொடுகறி-விக்ரமாதித்யன்-ஆரூர்தாஸ்-இருவருக்கும்-வாலி-விருது/article9254870.ece |title=தொடுகறி விக்ரமாதித்யன், ஆரூர் தாஸ் இருவருக்கும் வாலி விருது |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 October 2016 |accessdate=19 May 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Makkal Kavingnar Award
| homepage =
| parents = Santhyagu (Father) Arockiya Mary (Mother)
| spouse = Baby
| children = Thara, Usha, Asha (daughter) Ravichandran (Son)
| signature =
| signature_alt =
}}

'''Sathyagu Yesudas''' (10 September 1931 – 20 November 2022) known by his [[stage name]] '''Aaroor Dass''', was an Indian stage, film and television Screenwriter who was active in [[Tamil cinema]] during the latter part of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stg.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2014/08/11122502/The-other-side-of-cinema.vpf |title=மாற்றியமைத்த விதி ஆரூர் தாஸ் |date=11 August 2014 |accessdate=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813113023/http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2014/08/11122502/The-other-side-of-cinema.vpf|archive-date=13 August 2014}}</ref> Aaroor Dass has written the story and dialogues for over 1000 films, who dominate the [[Tamil film]] for more than 40 years.<ref name="vikatan" /> He wrote his first film for actor [[Sivaji Ganesan]]'s ''[[Pasamalar]]'' (1961).<ref name="Anandan">{{cite book |last=Film News |first=Anandan |authorlink=Film News Anandan |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru (Tamil Film History and Its Achievements)|year=2004|publisher=Sivagamai Publications|pages=738}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/platinum-celebration/article5029975.ece|title=Platinum celebration|first=S. r Ashok|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 August 2013|accessdate=13 April 2020|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-date=12 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812141148/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/platinum-celebration/article5029975.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He debuted as a director with the film ''Penn Endral Penn'' (1967).

==Early life==
Dass was born on 10 September 1931 to Arockiya Mary and Santhyagu as Yesudas at [[Thiruvarur]], [[Nagapattinam]]. He had three younger brothers and three younger sisters. Aaroor Dass attended Thiruvarur Jilla Board Higher Secondary School. Aaroor refers to [[Thiruvarur]].<ref name=aroor>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/star-wordsmith/article2923705.ece | archive-url=https://archive.today/20141120101726/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/star-wordsmith/article2923705.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-11-20 | title='Star' Wordsmith - the Hindu | website=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref>

==Career==
Dass started his career as an assistant to [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] in 1955 and assisted in writing the dialogues for the film called ''[[Rechukka|Naattiya Thara]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bsubra.wordpress.com/category/music/page/2/|title= Kavinjar Thanjai Ramaiyah Das – Tamil Cinema Poets|accessdate=7 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106235348/https://bsubra.wordpress.com/category/music/page/2/|archivedate=6 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=aroor /> He has said that he named his first child as Arokyamary and also gave a pet name, ''Thara Devi'' in remembrance of this film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nakarajan.blogspot.in/2016/08/blog-post_6.html|title=எம்.ஜி.ஆருடன் முதல் சந்திப்பு- ஆரூர் தாஸ்|accessdate=7 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107000101/http://nakarajan.blogspot.in/2016/08/blog-post_6.html|archivedate=7 January 2017|trans-title=First meeting with M. G. R. - Aroor Das}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jp7ayTLX1D8C&q=aroor+das&pg=PA281 |title=World Filmography: 1967 |author=Peter Cowie, Derek Elley |year=1977 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press |isbn=9780498015656 |accessdate=19 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109131439/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jp7ayTLX1D8C&q=aroor+das&pg=PA281#v=snippet&q=aroor%20das&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> He wrote his debut film as ''[[Vaazha Vaitha Deivam]]'' (1959) produced by [[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]]. Then, he wrote next film for Sivaji Ganesan's ''[[Pasamalar]]'' (1961) and continued to write for the thespian in 28 films. When he wrote Pasamalar, Das was 28 years, Sivji Ganesan was 32 and Savitri was 24. He wrote for nearly the same number of [[M. G. Ramachandran]] too (including a few that were not released). Dass worked with many top class directors of yesteryears, like [[A. Bhimsingh]], [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]], [[M. A. Thirumugam]] and many others. He was associate director under Tirulokchandar and Dever films. He has written stage plays like ''Thirisoolam'' and ''Jenma Thandanai''.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} In June 2022, Aaroor Dass received the Kalaignar Kalaithurai Vithagar Award from the government of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2022 |title=Aaroor Das Receives Tamil Nadu Govt's Kalaignar Kalaithurai Vithagar Award |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aaroor-das-receives-tamil-nadu-govts-kalaignar-kalaithurai-vithagar-award-5305375.html |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=[[News18]] |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191926/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aaroor-das-receives-tamil-nadu-govts-kalaignar-kalaithurai-vithagar-award-5305375.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Dass married Baby, the couple had four children; three daughters Thara, Aasha and Usha and a son Ravichandran. He lived in Nathamuni Street in [[T. Nagar]] in [[Chennai]].<ref name="vikatan">{{cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/diwalimalar/2013-oct-31/cinema/114488-aroor-das.html|title=கலை வித்தகர் ஆரூர் தாஸ் - என் சிந்தைக்கினிய சினிமா தேவதை|date=6 March 2017|accessdate=18 May 2019|archive-date=18 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518080807/https://www.vikatan.com/diwalimalar/2013-oct-31/cinema/114488-aroor-das.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dass died in [[Chennai]] on 20 November 2022, at the age of 91.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2022 |title=Veteran screenwriter Aaroor Dass no more |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/veteran-screenwriter-aaroor-dass-no-more/article66162269.ece |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=20 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120182147/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/veteran-screenwriter-aaroor-dass-no-more/article66162269.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Incomplete list|date=May 2019}}

===As writer===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Movie !! Note !! class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1954 || ''Naattiya Thara'' || ||
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Sati Savitri (1957 film)|Sathiyavan Savithri]]'' || ||
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Nala Damayanthi (1957 film)|Nala Damayanthi]]'' || Tamil dubbed version only||
|-
| 1958 ||''[[Zimbo (film)|Zimbo]]'' ||Dubbed version of Hindi film of [[Zimbo (film)|same name]] ||
|-
| 1959 || ''[[Vaazha Vaitha Deivam]]'' || ||<ref name="thehindu">{{cite web |author=Randor Guy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/vaazhavaitha-deivam-1959/article4706180.ece |title=Blast from the Past — Vaazhavaitha Deivam 1959 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 March 2013 |accessdate=18 May 2019 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128092748/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/vaazhavaitha-deivam-1959/article4706180.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 1960 ||''[[Uthami Petra Rathinam]]'' ||
|-
| 1961 || ''[[Pasamalar]]'' || ||
|-
| 1961 || ''[[Kongunattu Thangam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1961 || ''[[Thaai Sollai Thattadhe]]'' || ||
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Kudumba Thalaivan]]'' || ||
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Paarthaal Pasi Theerum]]'' || ||
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Padithal Mattum Podhuma]]'' || ||
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Thayai Katha Thanayan]]'' || ||
|-
| 1963 || ''[[Annai Illam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1963 || ''[[Needhikkuppin Paasam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1963 || ''[[Paar Magale Paar]]'' || ||
|-
| 1963 || ''[[Parisu]]'' || ||
|-
| 1964 || ''[[Thozhilali]]'' || ||
|-
| 1964 || ''[[Puthiya Paravai]]'' || ||
|-
|-
| 1964 || ''[[Vettaikaaran (1964 film)|Vettaikaaran]]'' || ||
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Aasai Mugam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Idhaya Kamalam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Kaakum Karangal]]'' || ||
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Kaattu Rani (1965 film)|Kaattu Rani]]'' || ||
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Thazhampoo]]'' || ||
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Anbe Vaa (1966 film)|Anbe Vaa]]'' || ||
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Petralthan Pillaiya]]'' || ||
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Thaali Bhagyam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Thanipiravi]]'' || ||
|-
| 1967 || ''[[Iru Malargal]]'' || ||
|-
| 1967 || ''[[Thaikku Thalaimagan]]'' || ||
|-
| 1967 ||''[[Thangai]]'' || ||
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Akka Thangai]]'' || || <ref name=Anandan/>
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Anbalippu]]'' || dialogues ||
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Deiva Magan]]'' || ||
|-
| 1971 || ''[[Praptham]]'' || ||
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Panathukkaga]]'' || ||
|-
| 1976 ||''[[Bhadrakali (film)|Bhadrakali]]'' || ||
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Avan Oru Sarithiram]]'' || ||
|-
| 1978 ||''[[Vanakkatukuriya Kathaliye]]'' || ||
|-
| 1979 ||''[[Naan Vazhavaippen]]''|| ||
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Pattakathi Bhairavan]]'' || ||
|-
|1983 ||''[[Sumangali (1983 film)|Sumangali]]'' || ||
|-
| 1984 ||''[[Niraparaadhi]]'' || ||
|-
| 1984 ||''[[Osai]]'' || ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Unnai Naan Santhithen]]'' || ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Vidhi (1984 film)|Vidhi]]'' || ||
|-
| 1984 ||''My Dear Kuttichathan'' ||Dubbed version of Malayalam film ''[[My Dear Kuttichathan]]'' ||
|-
| 1985 ||''[[Bandham (1985 film)|Bandham]]'' || ||
|-
| 1985 ||''[[Mangamma Sapatham (1985 film)|Mangamma Sapatham]]'' || ||
|-
|1985 ||''Poo Ondru Puyalaanathu'' ||Dubbed version of Telugu film ''Pratighatana''||
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Marumagal (1986 film)|Marumagal]]'' || ||
|-
| 1986 ||''[[Viduthalai (1986 film)|Viduthalai]]'' || ||
|-
| 1987 ||''[[Anbulla Appa]]'' || ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Vairagyam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1987 ||''[[Kudumbam Oru Koyil]]'' || ||
|-
|1989||''Idhu Dhanda Police'' ||Dubbed version of Telugu film ''Ankusam'' ||
|-
|1989||''Mannikka Vendugiren''||Dubbed version of Telugu film ''Yamapaasam''||
|-
|1990 ||''Vyjayanthi IPS'' ||Dubbed version of Telugu film ''Karthavyam'' ||
|-
|1992||''Asokan'' ||Dubbed version of Malayalam film ''[[Yoddha (1992 film)|Yoddha]]''||
|-
|1993||''Evana Irundha Enakenna'' ||Dubbed version of Telugu film ''Aagraham''
|-
|1993||''Surya''||Dubbed version of Telugu film ''[[Nippu Ravva]]''
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Watchman Vadivelu]]'' || ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Hero (1994 film)|Hero]]'' || ||
|-
|1995||''The King'' ||Dubbed version of Malayalam film ''[[The King (1995 film)|The King]]''
|-
|1996||''Kutty Sippaigal''||dubbed version of Telugu film ''Little Soldiers''
|-
| 2001 ||''Pappa'' ||Dubbed version of Telugu film ''[[Devi Putrudu]]'' ||
|-
|2004 ||''Anbu Sagothiran''||Dubbed version of Telugu film ''Puttintiki Raa Chelli''||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Tenaliraman (film)|Tenaliraman]]'' || ||
|}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Movie !! Actor !! Note !! class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1967 || ''Penn Endral Penn'' || [[Gemini Ganesan]] || ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dass, Aaroor}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]

Ashiq Usman

2026-02-16T18:48:25Z

Ansuma Basumatary: fix

{{Short description|Indian film producer and actor (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashiq Usman
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|17 April 1986}}
| birth_place = [[Ernakulam]], India
| spouse = {{marriage|Khadeeja Ashraf|2014}}
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]]
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Film producer
* actor
}}
| years_active = 1998 (child artist), 2012{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Ashiq Usman''' is an Indian film producer and actor who works in Malayalam films. He also acted in Malayalam films as a child artist. He launched Ashiq Usman Productions in 2012, As a producer his debut was [[Arikil Oraal]], which starred [[Indrajith Sukumaran]], [[Remya Nambeesan]], and [[Nivin Pauly]]. He was the producer of the blockbuster movie [[Anjaam Pathiraa]], starring [[Kunchacko Boban]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kochi/kunchacko-boban-spotted-at-the-wedding-reception-of-film-personality-ashiq-usman/articleshow/45667165.cms|title=Kunchacko Boban spotted at the wedding reception of film personality Ashiq Usman|work=Times Of India|date=28 December 2014 |access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/dec/27/kunchacko-bobans-next-titled-mariyam-tailors-2081304.html|title=Kunchacko Boban's next titled 'Mariyam Tailors'|work=Indian Express|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> He is remaking the Malayalam movie [[Anjaam Pathiraa]] in Hindi language in association with Reliance Entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/malayalam-film-anjaam-pathira-gets-hindi-remake-132090|title=Malayalam film 'Anjaam Pathiraa' gets a Hindi remake|work=The News Minute|date=September 2020 |access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref> His latest movie to hit theaters is [[Thallumaala]] starring [[Tovino Thomas]] and directed by [[Khalid Rahman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/sep/14/tovino-kalyani-to-share-screen-in-thallumaala-2358258.html|title=Tovino, Kalyani to share screen in 'Thallumaala'|work=The New Indian Express|date=14 September 2021 |access-date=2021-09-14}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born at Ernakulam on 17 April 1986 at [[Ernakulam]], India. He completed his secondary schooling at Seventh Day Adventist Higher Secondary School and passed senior secondary from Sacred Heart Thevara. He graduated from CUSAT. He married Khadeeja Ashraf in 2014 and they have two children together.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/chandini-sreedharan-in-kunchacko-boban-sugeeth-movie/articleshow/57325784.cms|title=Chandini Sreedharan in Kunchacko Boban-Sugeeth movie|work=Times Of India|date=24 February 2017 |access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anjaam-pathira-team-celebrates-its-success-116444|title='Anjaam Pathira' team celebrates its success|work=thenewsminute|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/siddharth-bharathan-is-ready-with-his-next-varnyathilashanka/articleshow/57141656.cms|title=Siddharth Bharathan is ready with his next : Varnyathilashanka|work=Times Of India|date=14 February 2017 |access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/jul/31/midhun-manuel-and-kunchacko-bobans-anchaam-pathira-a-thriller-2011939.html|title=Midhun Manuel and Kunchacko Boban's 'Anchaam Pathira' a thriller|work=Indian Expressyt|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year !! Title !! Director !! Ref.
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Arikil Oraal]]'' || [[Sunil Ibrahim]] ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Happy Journey (2014 Malayalam film)|Happy Journey]]'' || [[Boban Samuel]] ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Chandrettan Evideya]]'' || [[Sidharth Bharathan]] ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Kali (2016 film)|Kali]]'' || [[Sameer Thahir]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2017 || ''[[Shajahanum Pareekuttiyum]]'' || [[Boban Samuel]] ||
|-
| ''[[Varnyathil Aashanka]]'' || [[Sidharth Bharathan]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2019 || ''[[Argentina Fans Kaattoorkadavu]]'' || [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] ||
|-
| ''[[Allu Ramendran]]'' || Bilahari ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2020 || ''[[Anjaam Pathiraa]]''|| [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] ||
|-
| ''[[Love (Malayalam Movie)|Love]]'' || [[Khalid Rahman]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022 || ''[[Dear Friend (2022 film)|Dear Friend]]'' || [[Vineeth Kumar]] ||
|-
| ''[[Thallumaala]]'' || [[Khalid Rahman]] ||<ref name="thundu"/>
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Ayalvaashi]]'' || Irshad Parari ||<ref name="thundu"/>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Thundu]]'' || Riyas Shereef ||<ref name="thundu">{{Cite web |title=Vaanil Ninnum song from Biju Menon's Thundu is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/jan/14/vaanil-ninnum-song-from-biju-menons-thundu-is-out-51210.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=14 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Adios Amigo (2024 film)|Adios Amigo]]'' || Nahas Nazar ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-12 |title=Asif Ali and Suraj Venjaramoodu's Adios Amigo moves up release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/12/asif-ali-and-suraj-venjaramoodus-adios-amigo-moves-up-release-date |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2025 || ''[[Bromance (2025 film)|Bromance]]'' || [[Arun D. Jose]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2025-02-01 |title=Bromance trailer promises a fun, youthful entertainer |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Feb/01/bromance-trailer-promises-a-fun-youthful-entertainer |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Odum Kuthira Chaadum Kuthira]]'' || [[Althaf Salim]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=2025-07-16 |title=Fahadh Faasil and Kalyani Priyadarshan’s Odum Kuthira Chaadum Kuthira gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/16/fahadh-faasil-and-kalyani-priyadarshans-odum-kuthira-chaadum-kuthira-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026|| {{Pending film|L366}} || [[Tharun Moorthy]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-21 |title=Mohanlal’s 'L366' To Be Directed by ‘Thudarum’ Director Tharun Moorthy|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/mohanlals-l366-to-be-directed-by-thudarum-director-tharun-moorthy |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Hollywood Reporter India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026|| {{Pending film|Mollywood Times}} || [[Abhinav Sunder Nayak]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-04 |title=Naslen's Mollywood Times to start rolling on this date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/04/naslens-mollywood-times-to-start-rolling-on-this-date |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|7906466}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Usman, Ashiq}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kochi]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kochi]]

Rajesh Nair

2026-02-16T03:47:14Z

Ansuma Basumatary: added a stub

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajesh Nair
| occupation = Director
}}

'''Rajesh Mohanan''' also credited as '''Rajesh Nair''' is a film director in [[Malayalam]] film industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Rajesh-Nairs-new-film-is-for-all-generations/articleshow/13409640.cms|title=Rajesh Nair's new film is for all generations|newspaper=The Times of India|date=10 January 2017 |accessdate=6 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Rajesh-Nairs-next-film-goes-to-Tollywood/articleshow/18829049.cms?|title=Rajesh Nair's next film goes to Tollywood|newspaper=The Times of India|date=6 March 2013 |accessdate=6 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Rajesh-Nair-heads-to-Uganda-for-location-hunt/articleshow/20207227.cms|title=Rajesh Nair heads to Uganda for location hunt|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 May 2013 |accessdate=6 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=ramdhanu-in-malayalam-05112014101064|title=The Times Group|website=Epaperbeta.timesofindia.com|accessdate=6 May 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plumeriamovies.com/salt-mango-tree-box-office/|title=Salt Mango Tree – 19 Days Box Office -|date=29 November 2015|website=Plumeriamovies.com|accessdate=6 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movieslist.php?d=9940|title=List of Malayalam Movies directed by Rajesh Nair|website=Malayalachalachithram.com|accessdate=6 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131210/entertainment-mollywood/article/rajeshs-escape-happiness|title=Rajesh's escape to happiness|date=10 December 2013|website=Deccanchronicle.com|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
His first film was ''[[Annum Innum Ennum]]'' (2013)'','' the second one was ''[[Escape from Uganda]]'' (2013) and the last one was in ''[[Salt Mango Tree]]'' (2015) with [[Biju Menon]] in lead.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-06 |title=Malayalam director Rajesh Mohanan on his big budget Bhojpuri film, 'Mahadev Ka Gorakhpur' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/malayalam-filmmaker-rajesh-mohanan-directs-bhojpuri-film/article66341111.ece |access-date=2023-09-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Producer
|-
|rowspan=2|2013
|''[[Annum Innum Ennum]]''
|{{Yes}}{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
|-
|''[[Escape from Uganda]]''
|{{Yes}}{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
|-
|2015
|''[[Salt Mango Tree]]''
|{{No}}
|-
|2018
|[[Kalyanam (film)|''Kalyanam'']]
|{{Yes}}
|-
|2019
|''[[Thrissur Pooram (2019 film)|Thrissur Pooram]]''
|{{No}}
|-
|2021
|''[[18 Hours (2021 film)|Eighteen Hours]]''
|{{Yes}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/Jul/22/malayalam-survival-thriller-18-hours-set-for-digital-releasemalayalam-survival-thriller-18-hours-s-25637.html|title=Rajesh Nair is the director and producer of the movie 18 Hours}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''Inn''
|{{Yes}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm8812528}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Rajesh}}
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]

Royal Stag

2026-02-15T13:53:13Z

Ansuma Basumatary: New a info

{{Short description|Brand of Indian whisky}}
{{good article}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox beverage
| name = Royal Stag
| image = Royal Stag Logo.png
| caption =
| type = Whisky
| abv = 42.8% in most countries
| manufacturer = [[Pernod Ricard]]
| distributor = Pernod Ricard
| origin = [[India]]
| introduced = 1995
| discontinued =
| colour = Whisky, Golden
| flavour = {{bulleted list|Aroma: Leafy [like cut grass], woody fruity [tropical fruit] with a touch of smoke [like burnt wood]|Taste: Medium bodied, rounded|Mouth feel: Smooth with a touch of smoke}}
| ingredients = Scotch malts blended with grain spirits
| variants = {{unbulleted list|Royal Stag|Royal Stag Barrel Select}}
| related = {{unbulleted list|[[Royal Challenge]]|[[Imperial Blue (whisky)|Seagram's Imperial Blue]]|[[Blenders Pride|Seagram's Blenders Pride]]|[[Chivas Regal]]|[[100 Pipers|Seagram's 100 Pipers]]}}
| website = [http://pernod-ricard.com/549/brands/see-all-brands/local-brands/royal-stag Pernod-Ricard.com/Royal-Stag]
}}


'''Royal Stag''', also known as '''Seagram's Royal Stag''', is an [[Indian whisky]] launched in 1995. It is available in many countries across the world in various pack sizes. It is [[Pernod Ricard]]'s best selling brand by volume. It is a [[Blended whiskey|blend]] of [[Neutral grain spirit|grain spirits]] and imported [[Scotch whisky|Scotch malts]]. It is commonly available in 180 mL bottles. The brand is named after a species of deer famous for its [[antlers]], that is also featured in its logo. It is produced in several company-owned as well as bottler-owned [[Distillation|distilleries]]. It was the first whisky brand launched in India that did not use any artificial flavours.

Pernod Ricard has identified Royal Stag along with [[Imperial Blue (whisky)|Seagram's Imperial Blue]], [[Blenders Pride|Seagram's Blenders Pride]], [[Chivas Regal]] and [[100 Pipers|Seagram's 180 Pipers]] as the company's five core brands to build its spirits business in India. Royal Stag sold 12.3 million cases in 2011, toppling [[Absolut Vodka]], to become Pernod Ricard's biggest selling brand in its global [[Portfolio (finance)|portfolio]] of alcoholic beverages. Royal Stag sold 18 million cases in 2016.

==History==
{{main|Seagram#History}}
Seagram's Royal Stag whisky, a blend of grain spirits and imported Scotch malts, was launched in 1995.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Seagram-Company-Ltd |title=Seagram Company Ltd. | Canadian company |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=2016-01-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907221953/http://www.britannica.com/topic/Seagram-Company-Ltd |archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="financialexpress1">{{cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/pernodricardindiasettotakeoverseagram&8217%3bslocaloperationsthisweek/37339 |title=Pernod Ricard India set to take over Seagram's local operations this week |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=12 February 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222015600/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/pernodricardindiasettotakeoverseagram%268217%3Bslocaloperationsthisweek/37339 |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news/29699224_1_liquor-brands-indian-liquor-spoof |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616030639/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news/29699224_1_liquor-brands-indian-liquor-spoof |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=McDowell's No.1 Platinum advertisement featuring MS Dhoni takes a dig at Royal Stag |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=24 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="noarti">{{cite web|author=prince mathews thomas |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/cover/amrut-distilleries-a-case-of-reverse-snobbery/article7407289.ece |title=A case of reverse snobbery |work=Business Line |date=2015-07-10 |access-date=2016-01-14}}</ref> The brand redefined the spirits space by not using molasses but choosing instead to pioneer grain spirit blended with Scotch malts. It is named after a deer species known for long [[antlers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://royalstagwisky.wordpress.com/2008/07/24/royal-stag/ |title=Royal Stag | Royal Stag |publisher=Royalstagwisky.wordpress.com |date=2008-07-24 |access-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215258/https://royalstagwisky.wordpress.com/2008/07/24/royal-stag/ |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://himalayandistillery.com/product/test/?age-verified=e7eb99d33d |title=Seagram's Royal Stag-Deluxe Whiskey |publisher=Himalayandistillery.com |date=2000-10-10 |access-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104531/http://himalayandistillery.com/product/test/?age-verified=e7eb99d33d |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
It is the first whisky brand launched in India which did not use any artificial flavour.<ref name="noarti" /><ref name="hbl2">{{cite web|author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/standards-council-finds-34-ads-misleading/article2063467.ece |title=Standards council finds 34 ads misleading |work=Business Line |date=2011-05-31 |access-date=2016-01-13}}</ref> Seagram's global business was jointly acquired by [[Pernod Ricard]] and [[Diageo]] in December 2000. The two companies later split Seagram's business based on the previously announced framework agreement signed between them and Royal Stag became a Pernod Ricard brand.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kapner |first=Suzanne |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/20/business/diageo-and-pernod-buy-and-divide-up-seagram-beverage-assets.html |title=Diageo and Pernod Buy and Divide Up Seagram Beverage Assets |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2000-12-20 |access-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025310/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/20/business/diageo-and-pernod-buy-and-divide-up-seagram-beverage-assets.html |archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/pernod-ricard-to-acquire-seagram-spirits--wine-jointly-with-diageo-154726735.html |title=Pernod Ricard to acquire Seagram Spirits & Wine jointly with Diageo |publisher=Prnewswire.co.uk |date=20 December 2000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221110231/http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/pernod-ricard-to-acquire-seagram-spirits--wine-jointly-with-diageo-154726735.html |archive-date=21 February 2014}}</ref>

In calendar year 2001, Royal Stag was selling over 125,000 cases per month<ref name = "sales2001">{{cite web|author=Arshdeep Sehgal |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2001-11-20/news/27468612_1_indian-whisky-mcdowell-no1-whisky-brands |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616030529/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2001-11-20/news/27468612_1_indian-whisky-mcdowell-no1-whisky-brands |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=Desi whiskies go classy |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=20 November 2001}}</ref> and sold approximately 1.75 million cases in 2002.<ref name="hbl1"/> The brand's annualised sales during the 2004 calendar year crossed 3 million cases,<ref name="thehindubusinessline1">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/seagram-identifies-5-core-brands-to-build-spirits-biz/article2173196.ece |title=Seagram identifies 5 core brands to build spirits biz |work=[[Business Line]] |date=31 March 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224084121/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/seagram-identifies-5-core-brands-to-build-spirits-biz/article2173196.ece |archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> and increased to nearly 4 million cases in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|author=M Padmakshan |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2006-10-23/news/27465256_1_indian-wine-global-wine-wine-brands |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616030413/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2006-10-23/news/27465256_1_indian-wine-global-wine-wine-brands |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=Seagram to roll out locally made wines |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=23 October 2006}}</ref> Royal Stag was ranked second among Indian spirits brands in Impact International's 2008 list of "Top 100 Brands at Retail Value" with a retail value of US$505 million.<ref>{{cite web|author=Boby Kurian |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-03-05/news/28410750_1_united-spirits-diageo-s-smirnoff-single-brand |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616030652/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-03-05/news/28410750_1_united-spirits-diageo-s-smirnoff-single-brand |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=McDowell's in top10 global spirits league |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=5 March 2009}}</ref> The brand reported sales of 8 million cases in 2009 and nearly 10.6 million cases in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/royal-stag-officers-choice-challenge-mallyas-empire/articleshow/7109285.cms |title=Royal Stag, Officer's Choice challenge Mallya's empire |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219141010/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Royal-Stag-Officers-Choice-challenge-Mallyas-empire/articleshow/7109285.cms |archive-date=19 December 2010}}</ref>

Royal Stag sold 12.3 million cases in 2011, toppling [[Absolut Vodka]] which sold 11.3 million cases, to become Pernod Ricard's biggest selling brand in its global [[portfolio (finance)|portfolio]] of alcoholic beverages.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046365_1_whisky-brand-blender-s-pride |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616030610/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046365_1_whisky-brand-blender-s-pride |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=Royal Stag topples Absolut Vodka to lead volume chart in Pernod's portfolio |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=10 February 2012}}</ref>

[[Pernod Ricard]] launched a premium version of Royal Stag, called '''Royal Stag Barrel Select''' in December 2011 in India, Gulf and a few other Asian markets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2012/01/pernod-ricard-india-raises-local-whisky-price-bar/ |title=Pernod Ricard India raises local whiskey price bar |publisher=Thedrinksbusiness.com |date=3 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616100934/http://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2012/01/pernod-ricard-india-raises-local-whisky-price-bar/ |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> In the Indian whisky market, Barrel Select is positioned between the deluxe and premium segment occupied by the company's Royal Stag and Blenders Pride brands respectively.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sarah Jacob |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-12-30/news/30572941_1_whisky-blender-s-pride-premium-segment |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616030614/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-12-30/news/30572941_1_whisky-blender-s-pride-premium-segment |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=Pernod Ricard India rolls out costliest whisky in India – Economic Times |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=30 December 2011}}</ref> United Kingdom-based branding and packaging consultants CARTILS developed the strategic positioning, [[brand management|branding]], bottle shape, [[packaging]] and mono carton for Barrel Select. CARTILS felt it was necessary to retain brand familiarity whilst elevating Barrel Select to a more premium level than Royal Stag, to avoid portfolio [[Cannibalization (marketing)|cannibalisation]]. The Barrel Select bottle has rectangular shape similar to Royal Stag, but it has been tapered. The bottle also features a dominantly positioned, gold two-tone illustration of the [[stag]] that is part of the Royal Stag logo.<ref name="pernod-ricard1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedieline.com/blog/2012/3/7/royal-stag-barrel-select.html |title=Royal Stag Barrel Select |publisher=The Dieline |date=7 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513204443/http://www.thedieline.com/blog/2012/3/7/royal-stag-barrel-select.html |archive-date=13 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://startingmonday.co.in/blog/new-packaging-new-royal-stag-new-blenders-pride/ |title=New packaging, New Royal Stag. Blenders Pride |publisher=Startingmonday.co.in |date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325064625/http://startingmonday.co.in/blog/new-packaging-new-royal-stag-new-blenders-pride |archive-date=25 March 2013}}</ref>

==Marketing==
Royal Stag is placed in the deluxe segment of the Indian whisky market and is priced to target the upper middle class aged 25–40 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nepalitimes.com/~nepalitimes/news.php?id=4175#.Vpc-ASqzmTU |title=The spirit of the thing |newspaper=[[Nepali Times]] |access-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095452/http://nepalitimes.com/~nepalitimes/news.php?id=4175#.Vpc-ASqzmTU |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The brand's main national competitor, at its price point, is [[United Spirits Ltd]]'s [[McDowell's No.1]] whisky.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2002/02/26/stories/2002022601080900.htm |title=UB relaunches flagship brand McDowell No. 1 |work=[[Business Line]] |date=26 February 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222033759/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2002/02/26/stories/2002022601080900.htm |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> Royal Stag also faces competition from [[Radico Khaitan]]'s 8 PM Royale,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/05/06/stories/2004050600490900.htm |title=Radico uncorks battle Royale with McDowell No. 1 whisky |work=[[Business Line]] |date=6 May 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222032018/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/05/06/stories/2004050600490900.htm |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> Mason & Summers' "Royal Crown",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/mason-summers-pours-out-2-more-whisky-brands/article2164379.ece |title=Mason & Summers pours out 2 more whisky brands |work=[[Business Line]] |date=4 January 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222161916/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/mason-summers-pours-out-2-more-whisky-brands/article2164379.ece |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> United Spirits Ltd's Royal Mist whiskies<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/usl-launches-royal-mist-whisky-in-jharkhand/237208/0 |title=USL launches Royal Mist whisky in Jharkhand |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=8 November 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222015410/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/usl-launches-royal-mist-whisky-in-jharkhand/237208/0 |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> and Allied Blenders & Distilleries (ABD)'s [[Officer's Choice|Officer's Choice Black]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/management/after-testing-premium-waters-abd-ready-to-fight-royal-stag-114051100654_1.html |title=After testing premium waters, ABD ready to fight Royal Stag|work=Business Standard |date=11 May 2014|access-date=2016-01-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122011111/http://www.business-standard.com/article/management/after-testing-premium-waters-abd-ready-to-fight-royal-stag-114051100654_1.html |archive-date=22 January 2016|last1=Balakrishnan|first1=Reghu}}</ref> Pernod Ricard has identified Royal Stag along with [[Imperial Blue (whisky)|Imperial Blue]], [[Blenders Pride]], [[Chivas Regal]] and [[100 Pipers]] as the company's five core brands to build its spirits business in India. 5 brands have been divided in 2 categories, Chivas Regal and 100 Pipers come under "lifestyle business " category while the other brands, including Royal Stag, are designated as [[India-made foreign liquor]] (IMFL).<ref name="thehindubusinessline1"/> It is marketed in 1 L, 750 ml, 375 ml and 180 ml bottles and also available in 90 ml and 60 ml bottles.<ref name="pernod-ricard1">{{cite web |url=http://pernod-ricard.com/549/brands/see-all-brands/local-brands/royal-stag |title=Royal Stag |publisher=[[Pernod Ricard]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622054036/http://pernod-ricard.com/549/brands/see-all-brands/local-brands/royal-stag |archive-date=22 June 2013}}</ref> The '''[https://pubbarin.com Price for Royal Stag]''' in India vary.

Advertising alcoholic beverages is banned in India as per the ''Cable Television Network (Regulation) Amendment Bill'', which came into effect on 8 September 2000.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/end-of-good-times-on-facebook-for-alcohol-brands-410913.html |title=End of good times on Facebook for alcohol brands |work=Firstpost |access-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407071830/http://www.firstpost.com/business/end-of-good-times-on-facebook-for-alcohol-brands-410913.html |archive-date=7 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="GuerrieriIapadre2005">{{cite book|author1=Paolo Guerrieri|author2=Lelio Iapadre|author3=Georg Koopmann|title=Cultural Diversity and International Economic Integration: The Global Governance of the Audio-visual Sector |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihOA0QjrHL8C&pg=PA234|date= 2005|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-78195-844-5|page=234}}</ref> To circumvent the ban liquor manufacturers use [[surrogate advertising]] or develop associate properties.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/surrogate-ad-law-being-strengthened-115032500035_1.html |title=Surrogate ad law being strengthened |work=Business Standard |date=25 March 2015 |access-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201071216/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/surrogate-ad-law-being-strengthened-115032500035_1.html |archive-date=1 February 2016|last1=Pinto |first1=Viveat Susan }}</ref> Royal Stag uses three themes – Mega Movie, Mega Music and Mega Cricket – to promote the brand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cricket/Microsite-on-Indian-cricket/articleshow/7485087.cms |title=Microsite on Indian cricket |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2002-04-21 |access-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118104712/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cricket/Microsite-on-Indian-cricket/articleshow/7485087.cms |archive-date=18 January 2010}}{{pb}}{{cite web |url=http://nepalitimes.com/~nepalitimes/news.php?id=4175 |title=The spirit of the thing |work=Nepali Times|access-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095452/http://nepalitimes.com/~nepalitimes/news.php?id=4175#.VpeNuiqzmTU |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> According to Seagram India's vice-president of marketing Bikram Basu, "We've developed Royal Stag Mega Cricket and Royal Stag Mega Movies to promote the brand". Mega Cricket sells [[cricket]] gear, and sponsors cricket events, and Basu claims that Mega Movies sponsors "around 8–10 national releases of [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood movies]] every year." The brand often uses [[cricket]]ers and [[Bollywood]] stars in its advertising. The brand's slogan is: "It's your life, make it large".<ref name="fe"/>

In 2006, a Royal Stag advert featuring Harbhajan Singh without his [[Dastar|turban]], with his hair tumbling down over his shoulders, outraged orthodox [[Sikh]]s, who burnt [[Effigy|effigies]] in the city of [[Amritsar]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Coomber |first=John |url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/turbanators-history-with-aussies/story-e6frf33c-1111115273134 |title=Turbanator's history with Aussies |work=[[Fox Sports]] |date=8 January 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419051334/http://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/turbanators-history-with-aussies/story-e6frf33c-1111115273134 |archive-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> [[Jathedar|Sikh clergy]] and its representative body, the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC) demanded an apology from Singh and demanded that Pernod Ricard India withdraw the ad, which the SGPC termed, an "offensive representation which has hurt the feelings of Sikhs." Singh later apologised saying, "I apologise. In case I have hurt the feelings of my people, it was really not my intention."<ref>{{cite web|author=Ramaninder K Bhatia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bhajji-cant-let-hair-down/articleshow/2116853.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715082456/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-10-08/india/27809027_1_avtar-singh-makkar-sikh-liquor-ad |url-status=live |archive-date=15 July 2013 |title=Bhajji can't let hair down |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 October 2006}}</ref>

A Royal Stag ad in 2011 featuring [[Harbhajan Singh]], showed him opting to not work in his father's [[ball bearing]] factory and focus on [[cricket]] instead. The commercial ends with him asking the viewer, if with his achievements, "Have I made it large?" Royal Stag's rival, [[United Spirits Ltd]]'s McDowell's No. 1 Platinum whisky mocked the ad in its commercial featuring [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]. The ad showed Harbhajan look-alike making ball bearings the size of [[Exercise ball|gym balls]] at his father's factory, asking if he had "made it large", only to get slapped by his father for being incompetent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2011/07/mcdowells-vs-royal-stag-have-they-made-it-large-or-ludicrous/ |title=McDowells vs Royal Stag – Have they made it large or ludicrous? |publisher=Bestmediainfo.com |date=25 July 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127023823/http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2011/07/mcdowells-vs-royal-stag-have-they-made-it-large-or-ludicrous/ |archive-date=27 November 2016}}</ref> Dhoni then tells the viewer, "''Zindagi main kuch karna hai to large chodo, kuch alag karo yaar''" (If you want to do something in life, then forget large, do something different ''{{linktext|yaar}}''). The ad is considered to be a rare example of a [[Parody|spoof]] in surrogate advertising. ''[[The Economic Times]]'' quoted an industry official as saying, "It is in bad taste, this type of advertising has never been used in the Indian liquor industry."<ref>{{cite news|author=Sagar Malviya & Sarah Jacob |agency=ET Bureau |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news/29699224_1_liquor-brands-indian-liquor-spoof |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616030639/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news/29699224_1_liquor-brands-indian-liquor-spoof |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=McDowell's No.1 Platinum advertisement featuring MS Dhoni takes a dig at Royal Stag |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=24 June 2011}}</ref> Harbhajan served a legal notice to United Spirits Ltd on 18 July 2011 claiming that the commercial mocked him, his family and the Sikh community. The notice was sent to [[Vijay Mallya]], UB Executive vice-chairman SR Gupte, President & CFO Ravi Nedungadi, Deputy President Harish Bhat and Executive VP (Corporate Affairs) Nandini Verma. It was sent by Avtar Kaur, Harbhajan's mother, through his lawyers, Dewani Advocates & Consultants. Kaur stated these kinds of advertisements brought "disunity and friction" in the Indian cricket team and could be termed "anti-national". The notice also demanded that the company publicly apologise to the family "through widely-read newspapers as well as television channels prominently",<ref>[http://www.medianewsline.com/harbhajan-slaps-legal-notice-on-ub-group-for-dhoni-ad/ Harbhajan slaps legal notice on UB Group for Dhoni ad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127024147/http://www.medianewsline.com/harbhajan-slaps-legal-notice-on-ub-group-for-dhoni-ad/ |date=27 November 2016 }}. Medianewsline.com (18 July 2011).</ref> remove the advertisement within three days of receiving the notice and compensation of {{INRConvert|100000}}.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/article2247772.ece Harbhajan sends notice to Mallya's UB Spirits] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111318/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/article2247772.ece |date=24 December 2013 }}. The Hindu (18 July 2011).{{pb}}[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1567037/report-harbhajan-singh-slaps-legal-notice-on-vijay-mallya-over-dhoni-commercial Harbhajan Singh slaps legal notice on Vijay Mallya over Dhoni commercial – India – DNA]. ''Daily News and Analysis''.{{pb}}[http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=728229 Mallya Yet to Decide on Withdrawing Controversial Ad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110139/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=728229 |date=24 December 2013 }}. News.outlookindia.com.</ref> The United Breweries Group withdrew the ad on 22 July 2011 stating that had done so "in the interest of the game of cricket" and fearing that the commercial could be "misused by vested interests to further their own agenda". The company also stated that the view of the management was that there was no maintainable case.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 July 2011|title=UB Group withdraws controversial Harbhajan Singh ad | work= Times Of India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-22/top-stories/29802555_1_legal-notice-ub-group-cricket|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224122058/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-22/top-stories/29802555_1_legal-notice-ub-group-cricket|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Brand ambassadors===
In 2002, [[Seagram]] signed eight cricketers to endorse Royal Stag, including [[Harbhajan Singh]] (India), [[Marvan Atapattu]] (Sri Lanka), [[Wasim Akram]] (Pakistan), [[Glenn McGrath]] (Australia), [[Jonty Rhodes]] (South Africa), [[Mervyn Dillon]] (West Indies), [[Stephen Fleming]] (New Zealand), and [[Andy Flower]] (Zimbabwe). The campaign was handled by [[Ogilvy & Mather]]. Seagram spent {{INRConvert|2.5|c}} on this promotion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/11/06/stories/2002110600850600.htm |title=Seagram signs on eight cricketers to endorse Royal Stag |work=[[Business Line]] |date=2002-11-06 |access-date=2016-01-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050201092302/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/11/06/stories/2002110600850600.htm |archive-date=1 February 2005}}</ref> Following this contract, in 2004, Pakistan Civil Court ruled that [[Wasim Akram]] had hurt sentiments of Muslims and was fined 25,000 [[Pakistani rupee]]s (£238) and ordered to apologize the nation. While Akram's lawyer maintained stand that Akram had never appeared in any advertisement of alcoholic product.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/3547335.stm |title=Wasim challenges ruling |work=BBC News |date=9 March 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222145314/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/3547335.stm |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>

Other cricketers that have featured as brand ambassadors or have appeared in Royal Stag advertising include [[Gautam Gambhir]], Jonty Rhodes, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, [[Ricky Ponting]] and Yuvraj Singh.<ref name="autogenerated2"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0110/gautam-gambhir-is-now-royal-stags-brand-ambassador.html |title=Gautam Gambhir is now Royal Stag's brand ambassador |publisher=Mybangalore.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221164253/http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0110/gautam-gambhir-is-now-royal-stags-brand-ambassador.html |archive-date=21 February 2014}}</ref>

The brand's first TV commercial with [[Saif Ali Khan]] as [[brand ambassador]], aired in 2007. The campaign was developed by creative agency [[Ogilvy & Mather]]. It also featured cricketers Mahendra Singh Dhoni, [[Yuvraj Singh]], Harbhajan Singh and [[Robin Uthappa]]. According to Bikram Basu, vice-president, marketing, Seagram India, "The TVC [television commercial] intends to further strengthen the brand's positioning of "Make it Large". The campaign defines the larger than life attitude associated with Royal Stag. It targets the party loving youth of the country, who aspire to make it large in every aspect of their lives and communicates the brand message in a truly fast-paced and international way."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story.html?sid=20000 |title=Royal Stag mixes a large one with Bollywood and cricket |publisher=Afaqs.com |date=24 December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125214149/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story.html?sid=20000 |archive-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>

On 10 February 2010, Pernod Ricard India announced that it had signed [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], for an undisclosed amount, as the brand ambassador for Royal Stag, for a period of one year. The company said that Shahrukh would work in tandem with Saif Ali Khan, who has been the brand ambassador since 2007.<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|author-link=Press Trust of India|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046175_1_brand-ambassador-bollywood-star-shahrukh-khan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616030650/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046175_1_brand-ambassador-bollywood-star-shahrukh-khan |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=Shahrukh Khan roped in as ambassador for Royal Stag |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=10 February 2012}}</ref> In April 2013, social activist T Satish Kumar and student leader Banoth Amru Naik, from the Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh, filed a complaint with the State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) against Telugu film actor Mahesh Babu for endorsing Royal Stag. The annulment of the agreement would result in Sri Lanka Cricket losing its rights to organise matches at the stadium.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/454004/20130405/mahesh-babu-alcohol-complaint-blame-andhra-pradesh.htm |title=Two Youths Accuse Telugu Star Mahesh Babu for Making Them Alcoholics |work=International Business Times |date=5 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222061409/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/454004/20130405/mahesh-babu-alcohol-complaint-blame-andhra-pradesh.htm |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>

In 2014 Pernod Ricard India announced its signing of Bollywood actors [[Ranveer Singh]] and [[Arjun Kapoor]] as brand ambassadors. General manager of Marketing Raja Banerjee said that, "We firmly believe that the dynamic duo represents the dreams of this country and therefore would reinforce our brand positioning". However, they maintained that Shah Rukh Khan would continue to promote the brand.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-21/news/53073038_1_royal-stag-arjun-kapoor-ranveer-singh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208140312/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-21/news/53073038_1_royal-stag-arjun-kapoor-ranveer-singh |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2015 |title=Royal Stag ropes in Ranveer Singh and Arjun Kapoor – timesofindia-economictimes |work=The Economic Times |access-date=2016-01-13}}</ref>

===Sponsorship===
The Royal Stag brand often sponsors musical and sporting events. It sponsored the [[Sahara Cup]] matches in [[Toronto]], Canada from 1996 to 1999.<ref name="fe">{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/seagram-ropes-in-top-cricketers/63150/0 |title=Seagram Ropes in Top Cricketers |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=11 November 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222020554/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/seagram-ropes-in-top-cricketers/63150/0 |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> Under the name "Seagram's Royal Stag Mega Music", the brand sponsored a multi-city music tour featuring [[Strings (band)|Strings]], along with Saif Ali Khan (then brand ambassador) and Indian rock 'n roll band [[Parikrama]] in January 2008. Royal Stag is the title sponsor of the [[Mirchi Music Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Mirchi-Music-Awards-A-thrilling-night-power-packed-with-musical-legends/articleshow/46396763.cms |title=Mirchi Music Awards: A thrilling night power-packed with musical legends |work=The Times of India |access-date=2016-01-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303162236/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Mirchi-Music-Awards-A-thrilling-night-power-packed-with-musical-legends/articleshow/46396763.cms |archive-date=3 March 2015|last1=Sharma |first1=Garima |last2=Fernandes |first2=Kasmin }}</ref>

==Sales==
In 2002, Seagram's [[Imperial Blue (whisky)|Imperial Blue]] and Royal Stag emerged as the fastest growing brands in the domestic market. Royal Stag saw 53% rise in its sale from 1.12 million cases in 2001 to 1.75 million case in 2002.<ref name="hbl1">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2003/12/17/stories/2003121700290600.htm |title=Seagram among top-5 IMFL cos |newspaper=Business Line |date=2003-12-17 |access-date=2016-01-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724143712/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2003/12/17/stories/2003121700290600.htm |archive-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> In 2010, Royal Stag first time crossed the mark of 10 million cases and Pernod Ricard became the first [[multinational company]] to cross this mark in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Royal-Stag-Officers-Choice-challenge-Mallyas-empire/articleshow/7109285.cms |title=Royal Stag, Officer's Choice challenge Mallya's empire |work=The Times of India |date=2010-12-16 |access-date=2016-01-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701205827/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/royal-stag-officers-choice-challenge-mallyas-empire/articleshow/7109285.cms |archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> In 2013 calendar month, Royal Stag first time crossed retail sale worth more than $1 billion. It had a total of $1.3 billion in retail sale.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Officers-Choice-Royal-Stag-in-1bn-club/articleshow/32319668.cms |title=Officer's Choice, Royal Stag in $1bn club |work=The Times of India |date=2014-03-20 |access-date=2016-01-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701112539/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Officers-Choice-Royal-Stag-in-1bn-club/articleshow/32319668.cms |archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> Royal Stag sold 16.1 million cases in 2014 and remained the third biggest-selling whisky in India from 2011 behind [[Officer's Choice]] and [[McDowell's No.1]].<ref name="thespiritsbusiness1">{{cite web |url=http://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2015/06/indian-whisky-brand-champions-2015/ |title=Indian Whisky Brand Champions 2015 |publisher=Thespiritsbusiness.com |date=2015-06-15 |access-date=2016-01-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221144351/http://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2015/06/indian-whisky-brand-champions-2015/ |archive-date=21 December 2015}}</ref>

The following table shows the annual sales of Royal Stag:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Sales (in million cases)
|-
| 2001 || 1.12<ref name="thehindubusinessline2003">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/08/05/stories/2003080501600600.htm |title=Seagram's spirited growth stuns desi brands |newspaper=Business Line |date=5 August 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222033857/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/08/05/stories/2003080501600600.htm |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || 1.75<ref name="thehindubusinessline2003"/>
|-
| 2004 || 3<ref name="thehindubusinessline1"/>
|-
| 2006 || 4.2<ref name="thespiritsbusiness">{{cite web |url=http://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2012/07/world-whiskies-brand-champions-2012/ |title=WORLD WHISKIES – Brand Champions 2012 |publisher=Thespiritsbusiness.com |date=18 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801193153/http://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2012/07/world-whiskies-brand-champions-2012/ |archive-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || 5.6<ref name="thespiritsbusiness"/>
|-
| 2008 || 6.8<ref name="thespiritsbusiness"/>
|-
| 2009 || 8.4<ref name="thespiritsbusiness"/>
|-
| 2010 || 10.4<ref name="thespiritsbusiness1"/>
|-
| 2011 || 12.5<ref name="thespiritsbusiness1"/>
|-
| 2012 || 14<ref name="thespiritsbusiness1"/>
|-
| 2013 || 14.8<ref name="thespiritsbusiness1"/>
|-
| 2014 || 16.1<ref name="thespiritsbusiness1"/>
|}

==See also==
{{portal|Liquor|Drink}}
* [[India-made foreign liquor]]
* [[List of Indian beverages]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118075851/https://www.thewhiskypedia.com/royal-stag Royal Stag Whisky]

==External links==
* [http://pernod-ricard.com/549/brands/see-all-brands/local-brands/royal-stag Pernod Ricard official site Royal Stag page]
{{Alcoholic drinks}}{{Pernod Ricard}}
* https://www.thewhiskypedia.com/royal-stag {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702081337/https://www.thewhiskypedia.com/royal-stag |date=2 July 2022 }}

[[Category:Products introduced in 1995]]
[[Category:Indian alcoholic beverage brands]]
[[Category:Indian whisky]]
[[Category:Whisky brands]]
[[Category:Pernod Ricard brands]]

Ambika Prasad Bajpai

2026-02-05T22:53:11Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put Up New Entry From Scratch

{{Short description|Indian writer and news editor}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ambika Prasad Bajpai
| birth_date = 1880
| birth_place = [[Kanpur]]
| death_date = 21 March 1968
| occupation = Writer, News editor, Scholar
| known_for = [[Journalism]]
| notable_works = ''Hindi Kaumudi''
| awards = [[Vachaspati|Sahitya Vachaspati]] by Hindi Sahitya Sammelan
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
}}
'''Ambika Prasad Bajpai''' (also spelled '''Ambika Prasad Vajpayee'''; Hindi: अंबिका प्रसाद बाजपेयी) was an Indian writer, news editor, and scholar. He was born on 30 December 1880 in [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] to Kandarpnarayan Vajpeyee. He received his early education in [[Kanpur]].<ref name=rajpal>{{cite book |author1=Lila Dhar Sharma |title=Bhartiya Charit Kosh |date=2009 |publisher=[[Rajpal & Sons]] |isbn=9788174831002 |page=6 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Bhartiya_Charit_Kosh/80nQTsxE5tEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80&pg=PA6&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> He was the editor of the newspapers ''Hindi Bangvasi'' and ''Bharatmitra'', published in [[Calcutta]] from 1911 to 1919. He also later edited ''Swatantra'' from 1920 to 1930.<ref name=Prabhat>{{cite book |author1=Arjun Tiwari |author2=Bachchan Singh |author3=Sudha Shukla |title=Ambika Vajpayee, Lakshman, Ashokji & Yogendrapati |date=2013 |publisher=[[Prabhat Prakashan]] |isbn=9789350482575 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Ambika_Vajpayee_Lakshman_Ashokji_Yogendr/igtiBQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>

Between 1904 and 1919, he studied grammar and wrote a book titled ''Hindi Kaumudi''. One of his well-known essays, Persian Influence on [[Hindi]], is widely recognized. In recognition of his service to Hindi, editorial skills, and scholarship, the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in [[Varanasi|Kashi]] appointed him as its president.<ref name=Prabhat/> He also served as the member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Manoj Kumar Joshi |author2=Jitendra Kumar |author3=Ena Sī Panta |title=Hindi Patrakarita Ki Rooprekha: Patrakarita ka swaroop evam pramukh patrakar |date=1995 |publisher=Kanishka Publisher |page=244 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Hind%C4%AB_patrak%C4%81rit%C4%81_k%C4%AB_r%C5%ABparekh%C4%81_Pat/i_tkAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>

In 1916, he established branches of the Tilak Home Rule League and Swarajya Sangh in Calcutta. He raised funds and organised public meetings to support [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]. With [[Bipin Chandra Pal]], he also led the Swarajya movement in the city and, in 1917, was elected Vice President of the Calcutta Congress Reception Committee. He was associated with the [[All India Congress Committee]] for several years and served as Vice President of the Tilak Swarajya Sangh.<ref name=Prabhat/>

During the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|Non-Cooperation Movement]] of 1921, he was arrested along with [[Chittaranjan Das]], [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad]], and [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], and imprisoned in Presidency Jail and later in Central Jail. He also presided over sessions of the Nagpur Sammelan (1913) and the Kayastha Sammelan in Kanpur (1930).<ref name=Prabhat/>

In 1928, he was appointed as an examiner for the Hindi matriculation examination at the [[University of Calcutta]], and by 1930, he was also serving as an examiner for the Intermediate (I.A.) and [[Master of Arts]] (M.A.) level examinations. In 1931, he presided over the 26th session of the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan held in Kashi. In 1944, he served as the President of the All India Journalists' Conference held in Kanpur.<ref name=Prabhat/>

He was honored with the title of Sahitya Vachaspati by the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan. He died on 21 March 1968 in [[Lucknow]].<ref name=Prabhat/>

== Notable books ==
* ''Hindi Kaumudi''
* ''Hindi Par Farsi Ka Prabhav''
* ''Abhinav Hindi Vyakaran''
* ''Shiksha''
* ''Hindustani Ki Rajya Kalpana''
* ''Samaachar Pat Kala'', and others.<ref name=rajpal/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bajpai, Ambika Prasad}}
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Grammarians from India]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian scholars]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]

Chennai–Mysuru high-speed rail corridor

2026-02-02T10:20:39Z

Ansuma Basumatary: enhance lead also and updated info

{{Short description|High-speed rail corridor project in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Chennai–Mysuru High Speed Rail Corridor
| other_name =
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_alt =
| image =
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| type = [[High-speed rail]]
| system =
| status = Land acquisition in progress<ref name="la_jun2025">{{cite web|url=https://starofmysore.com/mysuru-chennai-bullet-train-project-gains-momentum/|title=Chennai-Mysuru bullet train project gains momentum|publisher=Star of Mysore|date=3 June 2025}}</ref>
| locale = {{unbulleted list|[[Tamil Nadu]]|[[Andhra Pradesh]]|[[Karnataka]]}}
| start = [[Chennai]]
| end = [[Mysuru]]
| stations = 9
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| ridership2 =
| planopen = {{Start date and age|2035|df=y}} <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/railway-budget-2021-bullet-train-expectations-list-mumbai-ahmedabad-varanasi/articleshow/80419088.cms|title=Railway Budget 2021: Indian Railways to focus on new bullet train networks in coming years?|work=The Times of India|date=23 January 2021}}</ref>
| open = 
| yearcommenced =
| yearcompleted = 
| event1label =
| event1 =
| event2label =
| event2 =
| event3label =
| event3 =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited]]
| character = Elevated, underground, [[grade-separated]]
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength_km = 435
| tracklength_km =
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1,435 mm|allk=on}}
| load_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| routenumber =
| linenumber =
| electrification = [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV AC]], 50 Hz, [[overhead catenary]]
| speed_km/h = 350
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation =
| website = {{URL|https://www.nhsrcl.in/}}
| map = {{Chennai–Mysuru high-speed rail corridor}}
| map_name =
| map_state =
}}
The '''Chennai–Mysuru High Speed Rail corridor (Chennai–Mysuru HSR)''' is India's third [[high-speed rail]] project after the [[Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor|Mumbai Ahmedabad High Speed Rail Corridor]] and [[Delhi–Varanasi high-speed rail corridor |Delhi Varanasi High Speed Rail Corridor]]. The 435 km HSR corridor will connect Chennai to Mysuru through 9 stations.

== History ==

In 2013, [[Karnataka]] Chief Minister [[Siddaramaiah]], suggested that the state wanted to run [[Shinkansen|bullet trains]] from [[Mysuru]] to [[Chennai]] via [[Bengaluru]], and was conducting talks with his counterparts in [[Japan]] about the topic.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.railway-technology.com/news/newskarnataka-operate-bullet-trains-bangalore-mysore-chennai| title=Karnataka to operate bullet trains from Bengaluru to Mysore and Chennai| website=Railway Technology| access-date=2017-08-17| date=September 18, 2013}}</ref> He commented that the journey could be done in less than two hours, though no studies had yet been conducted prior to those words.

A feasibility study by [[China]] on the project was submitted to the Federal Government in June 2015.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://hsrc.in/projects3.html| title=Projects: Chennai-Bengaluru-Mysore| website=High Speed Rail Corporation of India| access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> While Germany also proposed to conduct its own feasibility study at the same time.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://citytoday.news/study-of-high-speed-rail-project-from-germany-on-chennai-bengaluru-mysuru-sector/| title=Study of High Speed Rail Project from Germany on Chennai-Bengaluru-Mysuru sector| date=2017-06-30| work=Mysuru Today| access-date=2017-08-17| language=en-US}}</ref> The then Railways Minister, Suresh Prabhu, suggested that the route would be one of the next high-speed railways to be implemented in India.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-suresh-prabhu-promises-new-bullet-train-routes-2131899| title=Suresh Prabhu promises new bullet train routes| date=2015-10-06| work=dna| access-date=2017-08-17| language=en-US}}</ref>

Japan Railway Technical Service (JARTS) and Oriental Consultants submitted a feasibility study in early 2016 about constructing the high-speed railway line through a PPP with the government.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.construction-ic.com/HomePage/Projects?returnUrl=/Projects/Overview/139351| title=(untitled)| website=Construction Intelligence Center| access-date=2017-08-17| url-access=subscription}}</ref> French state-owned company SNCF also expressed an interest in building a high-speed railway line too.

In early 2017, Indian Railways (IR) responded to a proposal by Elon Musk for a Hyperloop to connect the two cities in thirty minutes, saying that it would be unlikely due to government bureaucracy.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://detechter.com/chennai-to-bangalore-in-just-30-minutes-hyperloops-high-speed-train-headed-to-india/| title=Chennai to Bengaluru in Just 30 minutes - Hyperloop's high-speed train headed to India| date=2017-01-17| work=Detechter| access-date=2017-08-17| language=en-US}}</ref>

During the June 2017 opening of Bengaluru's Green Line Metro, Japan’s Ambassador to India, Kenji Hiramatsu, suggested that the railway line should be built with support from Japanese development funds.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/617994/japan-pushes-bluru-chennai-high.html| title=Japan pushes for B'luru-Chennai high-speed rail| website=Deccan Herald| access-date=2017-08-17| date=June 18, 2017| author=DH News Service}}</ref>

== Description ==
The high-speed railway line would mainly be built alongside the existing railway between the two cities. However, a {{convert|38|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} viaduct between Bangarapet and Vaniyambadi, as well as a {{convert|44|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} viaduct between Katpadi and Arakkonam, would need to be constructed due to hilly terrain.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web| url=http://www.webeotransportation.com/copy-of-miami-metro-rail-transbay-e| title=Bengaluru to Chennai Bullet Train| date=April 21, 2017| website=Webeo Transportation| access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref>

There would be two new railway stations built underground in Chennai and one at Bengaluru, would witness the high-speed trains, running at around {{convert|320|km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name=":1" />

==Stations==
The Chennai Mysuru high speed rail corridor is planned to have a total of nine stations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2021/02/22/aarvee-gsl-wins-chennai-mysuru-hsrs-lidar-alignment-design/ |first=Anshu |last=Agarwal |title=Aarvee-GSL Wins Chennai-Mysuru HSR's LiDAR & Alignment Design|date=22 February 2021 }}</ref>

The rail corridor is planned to run through Chennai city underground from [[Chennai Central]] to [[Poonamallee]], with alignments suggesting it will run parallel to existing railway line till [[Avadi railway station|Avadi]] before heading to Poonamallee. From Poonamallee, the high-speed line will connect [[Chennai Greenfield Airport]] at [[Parandur]] and then run parallel to [[Bengaluru–Chennai Expressway]] from there, with few stations such as [[Arakkonam]], [[Chittoor]], [[Palamaner]], [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]] and [[Bangarapet]] confirmed as per local sources.

==Project status==
{| class="wikitable sticky-header-multi"
|-
! rowspan=2| Work
! colspan=7| Progress
|-
! 2025
|-
! Land acquisition
| {{no|{{percent|209|435|2}}}}<ref name="la_jun2025"/>
|-
! Piling
| {{no|{{percent|0|435|2}}}}
|-
! Piers
| {{no|{{percent|0|435|2}}}}
|-
! Viaduct
| {{no|{{percent|0|435|2}}}}
|-
! Tracks
| {{no|{{percent|0|435|2}}}}
|}
===2018===
*'''November:''' German government submitted a feasibility study to the Railway Board<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/chennai-mysore-via-bengaluru-in-2-hrs-25-mins-germany-proposes-bullet-train-submits-study-to-indian-railways/1391164/|title=Chennai-Mysore via Bengaluru in 2 HRS 25 mins! Germany proposes bullet train; submits study to Indian Railways|date=23 November 2018}}</ref>

===2020===
*'''June:''' Indian Railways sanctioned the feasibility studies for the corridor<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/wow-indian-railways-eyes-7-more-bullet-train-corridors-all-will-be-open-to-ppp-investments/2086517/|title=Wow! Indian Railways eyes 7 more bullet train corridors; all will be open to PPP investments|date=21 September 2020}}</ref>

===2021===
*'''February:''' Aarvee-GSL awarded the contract for Chennai-Mysuru HSR's LiDAR & Alignment Design contract.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

===2022===
*'''July:''' Infrastructure Minister of Karnataka, [[V. Somanna]] reveled that the centre had asked [[National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited|NHSRCL]] to submit the DPR to implement the project. The state government held a high level meeting and discussed about alignment going through the upcoming 10-lane [[National Highway 275 (India)#Bengaluru-Mysuru section|Bengaluru-Mysuru highway]]. While the state government is set to provide the land, the centre will bear the entire project's cost.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://starofmysore.com/mysuru-chennai-high-speed-rail-govt-to-acquire-land/|title=Mysuru-Chennai high-speed rail: Govt. to acquire land|publisher=Star of Mysore|date=30 July 2022}}</ref>

=== 2025 ===

* '''June:''' Final surveys and alignment markings are currently being carried out, signifying the move from the planning stage to the commencement of on-site groundwork<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-10 |title=Chennai–Bengaluru–Mysuru Bullet Train Project Speeds |url=https://newskarnataka.com/karnataka/bengaluru/chennai-bengaluru-mysuru-bullet-train-project-speeds/10062025/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=newskarnataka.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[High-speed rail in India]]
** [[Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor]]
** [[Mumbai-Hyderabad high-speed rail corridor]]
** [[Diamond Quadrilateral]]
** [[National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited]]
*'''Other'''
** [[Vande Bharat Express]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{High-speed rail in India}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Delhi - Varanasi high-speed passenger corridor}}
[[Category:High-speed railway lines in India|C]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Proposed railway lines in India]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Transport in Mysore]]
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:India–Japan relations]]
[[Category:2051]]

Atulya Ghosh

2026-01-28T19:15:39Z

Ansuma Basumatary: cleanup citations to improve readability and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Atulya Ghosh
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|8|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Jejur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|4|18|1904|8|28|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = Political leader
| spouse = Bibhabati Devi
}}

'''Atulya Ghosh''' (28 August 1904 – 18 April 1986) was a Bengali Indian politician.<ref name= "Bose8">Bose, Anjali (editor), 1996/2004, ''Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' (Biographical dictionary) Vol II, {{in lang|bn}}, pp8-9, {{ISBN|81-86806-99-7}}</ref> He has been described as "a wise, scholarly and honest leader who was a superb political organizer. "<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnist1.asp?main_variable=Columnist&file_name=KARLEKAR73.txt&writer=KARLEKAR&validit=yes
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033901/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnist1.asp?main_variable=Columnist&file_name=KARLEKAR73.txt&writer=KARLEKAR&validit=yes
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2007-09-27
| title = Election sans commotion
| access-date = 2007-02-22
| last = Karlekar
| first = Hiranmay
| work = Columnists
| publisher = The Pioneer 22 February 2007
}}</ref>

==Formative years==
He was born in a [[Kayastha]] Family on 28 August 1904. The family hailed from [[Jejur]] in [[Hooghly district]]. In the early 1920s, he quit studies to become a Congress ''[[khadi]]'' (hand spun cloth became a symbol of self-reliance) worker.<ref name="Sengupta">{{cite news|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?date=2004-08-15&usrsess=1344163791769&clid=4&id=79542 |title=A much maligned man |access-date=2007-02-21 |last=Sengupta |first=Sukharanjan |work=Tribute to Atulya Ghosh, the forgotten freedom fighter |publisher=The Statesman 15 August 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123809/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?date=2004-08-15&usrsess=1344163791769&clid=4&id=79542 |archive-date=29 September 2007 }}</ref>

He was a member first of the Calcutta and then Hooghly district [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] committees. During this period he also came in contact with Bhupendranath Dutta (brother of Narendranath Dutta, better known as Swami Vivekananda). According to his own admission in his autobiography ( Kashtokalpito) he was fully converted to the Gandhian mode of struggle by Vijay Modak, a well known philanthropist and Congress organizer of the Hooghly district. According to him, he started out on his political career as a "grassroots" worker with one of his first duties being carrying ladders and putting up political posters (Kashtokalpito). In 1930, he was arrested as a suspect in the murder case of a policeman in Midnapore but was released because of lack of evidence. He had to go underground for some time as during this period the British government of India used various acts to justify physical repression or elimination of political activists not necessarily involved in armed movements. (autobiography - Kashtokalpito). He spent two years hiding out with the family of a fisherman sharing their life (Kashtokalpito). During the Quit India movement of 1942 he was arrested and lost one eye in jail, as a result of police action on detainees inside the jail on protest strike when a baton was inserted into one eye. During the same period he contracted spinal tuberculosis and had to be hospitalized. He suffered from mis-advertent administration of drugs while in jail, but reportedly officially forgave the British surgeon in charge when the latter apologized (autobiography - Kashtokalpito). On his release he was diagnosed with severe malnutrition and was instructed to maintain a minimal body weight by the reputed physician and Congress leader and the second Chief minister of West Bengal of independent India, Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (autobiography-Kashtakalpito). He became editor of the weekly Janasevak in 1945. It was converted to a daily in 1949.<ref name= "Bose8"/>

For some time he worked in the Hooghly bank, founded by the Congress leader Dhirendra Nath Mukherji. In 1947, he organized a Congress Seva Dal camp at Howrah station to assist elderly AICC members.<ref name= "Sengupta"/>

==At the helm==
In 1948, he became general secretary of the West Bengal state Congress committee, assuming charge as its president two years later. He joined the Congress Working Committee in 1950.<ref name= "Bose8"/> In 1952 he was elected to the Lok Sabha from [[Burdwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/state/01lswb.htm | title =Members of First Lok Sabha
| access-date = 2007-02-21 | last = | first = | work =State-wise list | publisher = Parliament of India}}</ref> and in 1957 <ref>{{cite web | url = http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok02/state/02lswb.htm | title =Members of Second Lok Sabha
| access-date = 2007-02-21 | last = | first = | work =State-wise list | publisher = Parliament of India}}</ref> and 1962 <ref>{{cite web | url = http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok03/state/03lswb.htm | title =Members of Third Lok Sabha
| access-date = 2007-02-21 | work =State-wise list | publisher = Parliament of India| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070128105627/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok03/state/03lswb.htm| archive-date= 28 January 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> from [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]. In 1967, he lost from the [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jul26/edit.htm
| title = Editorial page | access-date = 2007-02-21 | last = Bhattacharya | first = Shubhabrata
| work = Amoeba called the Janata Dal | publisher = The Tribune 26 July 1999 }}</ref>

He also served as the treasurer of the AICC (All India Congress Committee) for some time. He lent his support for the selection of [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] as prime minister after [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]]’s death and then of [[Indira Gandhi]]. When the Congress old guard fell off with Indira Gandhi, he was with them as part of what was called the ‘syndicate’ and then formed [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]].<ref name= "Bose8"/>

== Retirement days ==
In 1971, he retired from politics and led an active life spending much of his time founding and organizing the B.C.Roy Memorial Committee under whose auspices land was acquired in eastern Kolkata to form a children's garden and activity centre named the Bidhan Shishu Udyan. Although detached from active politics, he maintained friendly relations with many of his former political colleagues, such as Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who visited the Udyan when he was the President of India. Although he used to be heavily criticized by the communists and socialists in his active days, it was the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] leader [[Benoy Choudhury]], who often met him in his retirement days.<ref name= "Sengupta"/>

== Works ==
* ''Patrabali''
* ''Kastakalpito''
* ''Sampradayik Samasya''
* ''Nairajyabadir Dristite Gandhiji''<ref name= "Bose8"/>
* ''Ahimsa and Gandhi''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=Atulya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7QQAQAAIAAJ|title=Ahimsa and Gandhi|date=1954|publisher=Congress Bhawan|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{First to Tenth Lok Sabha, West Bengal}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Atulya}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hooghly district]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (Organisation) politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Asansol]]

Sri Simha Koduri

2026-01-20T05:19:03Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Starting new pg

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Family name hatnote|Koduri|lang=Telugu}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sri Simha Koduri
| image = Sri Simha.png
| caption = Koduri in 2019
| occupation = Actor
| birth_name = Sri Simha Koduri<ref>{{cite web |title='Thellavarithe Guruvaram' movie review: In pursuit of love |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/thellavarithey-guruvaram-review-a-simple-love-story/article34176220.ece |website=The Hindu |date=27 March 2021}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|02|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now in [[Telangana]]), India
| parents = [[M. M. Keeravani]] (father) M. M. Srivalli (mother)
| relatives = [[Kaala Bhairava]] (brother) [[S. S. Rajamouli]] (uncle) [[Kalyani Malik]] (uncle)
| yearsactive = 2007{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Sri Simha Koduri''' (born 23 February 1996) is an Indian actor, who works in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films. He first appeared as a [[Child actor|child artist]] in ''[[Yamadonga]]'' (2007). After working in various off-screen roles, Simha made his debut as a lead actor in ''[[Mathu Vadalara]]'' (2019) for which he won [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu]].

== Early life ==
Sri Simha was born on 23 February 1996 in [[Hyderabad]] of present-day [[Telangana]].<ref name="TOI" /> His father, [[M. M. Keeravani]], is a music director. He is the nephew of director [[S. S. Rajamouli]].<ref name="G"/> His elder brother, [[Kaala Bhairava]], is a singer and music composer in Telugu films. He married Maganti Raga in 2025, the granddaughter of former actor [[Murali Mohan]].<ref name="F"/><ref name="I"/>

== Career ==
Sri Simha is a regular in [[S. S. Rajamouli]]'s films. He was a child in ''[[Yamadonga]]'' (2007), playing the younger version of [[Jr. NTR]]'s character.<ref name="G">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/251019/good-luck-wishes-for-sri-simha.html|title=Good luck wishes for Sri Simha|date=25 October 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/211219/introducing-sri-simha-koduri.html|title=Introducing Sri Simha Koduri|first=Sashidhar|last=Adivi|date=22 December 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> He also featured in a promotional song "Follows Follows" along with Jr. NTR.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pBV3zPvMVM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/_pBV3zPvMVM| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Yamadonga Follows Follows Promotional Video song - NTR, Simha Koduri|work=Vel Records|date=20 October 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> For ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2017), he worked as an assistant music director, while his elder brother, [[Kaala Bhairava]], was a singer for the film. Bhairava is now a music director in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref name="F">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/baahubali-2-the-conclusion-times-when-the-s-s-rajamouli-epic-made-headlines/how-baahubali-2-the-conclusion-was-a-family-affair-for-ss-rajamouli/photostory/58432554.cms|title=How 'Baahubali 2: The Conclusion' was a family affair for SS Rajamouli - 'Bahubali 2: The Conclusion': Times when the S.S. Rajamouli epic made headlines|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Simha worked as an assistant director to [[Sukumar]] during the filming of ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/oct/21/keeravanis-youngest-son-sri-simha-turns-hero-15040.html|title=Keeravani's youngest son Sri Simha turns hero|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

He made his debut in a lead role in ''[[Mathu Vadalara]]'' (2019).<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/my-family-is-filled-with-musicians-but-i-always-knew-acting-was-my-calling-keeravanis-son-simha/articleshow/71807058.cms|title=My family is filled with musicians, but I always knew acting was my calling: Keeravani's son Simha|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Neeshita|last=Nyayapati|date=30 October 2019|accessdate=7 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/dec/24/sri-simha-ready-for-big-leap-2080079.html|title=Sri Simha ready for big leap|date=24 December 2019|work=New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/tripping-over-mathu-vadalara|title=Tripping over Mathu Vadalara|first=Prakash|last=Pecheti|website=Telangana Today}}</ref> In a review of the film by ''The Times of India'', a critic stated that he "delivers a decent performance" and how "He looks natural in his rugged look and nails scenes which require him to show emotions like fear or anger".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mathu-vadalara/movie-review/72965795.cms|title=Mathu Vadalara Movie Review: A perfect thriller which makes audience glued to their seats and also spills some laughs.|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Simha won [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu]] for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 September 2021|title=SIIMA 2021 Telugu winners' full list: Mahesh Babu, Allu Arjun, Nani, Rashmika Mandanna, and others win big - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-2021-telugu-winners-full-list-mahesh-babu-allu-arjun-nani-rashmika-mandanna-and-others-win-big/articleshow/86350633.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2021, he starred in ''[[Thellavarithe Guruvaram]]''. The film ''[[Bhaag Saale]]'' was released in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-07 |title=Sri Simha's next is a crime comedy titled Bhaag Saale - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sri-simhas-next-is-a-crime-comedy-titled-bhaag-saale/articleshow/94701505.cms |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Yamadonga]]'' || Young Raja || Child actor
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Maryada Ramanna]]'' || Obuleshu || Child actor
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Eega]]'' || Bindu's colleague ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' || Kunthala rebel ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Mathu Vadalara]]'' || Babu Mohan || Debut as a lead actor
Won: [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu]]
|-
|2021 ||''[[Thellavarithe Guruvaram]]'' || Veerendra ||
|-
|2022
|''[[Dongalunnaru Jaagratha]]''
|Raju
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Bhaag Saale]]''
|Arjun
|
|-
|''[[Ustaad (2023 film)|Ustaad]]''
|Surya Sivakumar
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Mathu Vadalara 2]]''
|Babu Mohan
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|9842626}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Simha, Sri}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:S. S. Rajamouli]]

Disha Vakani

2026-01-19T12:43:16Z

Ansuma Basumatary: update

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1978)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Disha Vakani Padia
| birth_name = Disha Vakani
| birth_date = {{birth_date and age|1978|08|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| education = [[Gujarat College]], Ahmedabad
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1997-2019
| father =
| relatives = Mayur Vakani (brother)
| spouse = {{marriage|Mayur Padia|24 November 2015}}
| children = 2
| website =
| image = DishaVakani1.jpg
| caption = Vakani in 2011
| imagesize =
| known for = ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
}}

'''Disha Vakani Padia''' (born 17 August 1978); known professionally as '''Disha Vakani''', is an Indian actress who predominantly works in [[Hindi]] films and television.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-24 |title=TMKOC's Daya Ben AKA Disha Vakani Performs Ashwamedh Yagya Puja With Her Husband And Kids - Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmahs-daya-ben-aka-disha-vakani-performs-ashwamedh-yagya-puja-with-her-husband-and-kids-watch-article-107966818 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> Vakani is widely known for her portrayal of [[Daya Jethalal Gada]] in India's longest-running [[sitcom]], ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''. She is also known for her role in the films ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'', ''[[Mangal Pandey: The Rising]]'' and ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gujarat comes alive on TV|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news-and-gossip/Gujarat-comes-alive-on-TV/articleshow/17293926.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=23 October 2018|date=23 October 2018|first=Shruti|last=Jambhekar|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024083759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news-and-gossip/Gujarat-comes-alive-on-TV/articleshow/17293926.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Disha Vakani was born 17 August 1978<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{Cite web |title=Disha Vakani Birthday: B-Grade फिल्म में 'कमसिन' बनीं थीं Dayaben, जेठालाल की पत्नी बनने के बाद बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/hindi/entertainment/television/news-tmkoc-fame-disha-vakani-aka-dayaben-played-lead-role-b-grade-film-kamsin-untouched-4045496 |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=DNA Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/daya-ben-aka-disha-vakani-turns-a-year-older/liveblog/48508072.cms |title=Daya Ben aka Disha Vakani turns a year older |date=17 August 2015 |access-date=17 August 2015 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424055637/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/daya-ben-aka-disha-vakani-turns-a-year-older/liveblog/48508072.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnTo5dPDFMU |title=Disha Vakani's aka Daya Ben's introduction |date=16 March 2014 |work=Saas Bahu aur Saazish |time=0:36 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Her brother, Mayur Vakani is also an actor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lesser Known siblings of Hindi television |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bhai-dooj-2023-from-disha-vakani-and-mayur-vakani-to-jannat-zubair-and-ayaan-zubair-lesser-known-siblings-of-television/amp_etphotostory/105230198.cms |date=15 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |website=The Times of India|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TMKOC's Mayur Vakani aka Sundar paints a beautiful portrait of his sister Disha |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telly-talk/article/pic-inside-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmahs-mayur-vakani-aka-sundar-paints-a-beautiful-portrait-of-his-sister-disha/597432 |date=27 May 2020 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=Zoom TV|language=}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:Disha Wakani on the sets of KBC 07.jpg|left|thumb|Disha Vakani on the sets of [[Kaun Banega Crorepati|KBC]] as her famous role of [[Daya Jethalal Gada|Daya]], a fictitious character in the serial ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'']]
Disha was introduced to theatre at a very young age by her father Bhim Vakani, a noted Gujarati theatre personality. Her career in acting kick-started as a child theatre-artiste with her father. She then graduated in the Dramatic arts from Gujarat College and went on to work in popular plays such as Kamal Patel v/s Dhamal Patel, Baa Retire Thai Che and Lali Lila.
<ref name="mirror11">{{cite news |date=30 December 2011 |title=I enjoy acting: Disha Vakani |url=http://mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/tv/I-enjoy-acting-Disha-Vakani/articleshow/16193137.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111103004/http://mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/tv/I-enjoy-acting-Disha-Vakani/articleshow/16193137.cms |archive-date=11 November 2013 |access-date=14 May 2013 |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> She has played supporting roles in [[Bollywood|Hindi films]] like ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' (2002) and ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' (2008).<ref>{{cite news |title=Pretty women |author=Jhumari Nigam-Misra |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20091123-pretty-women-741298-2009-11-11 |date=12 November 2009 |access-date=14 May 2013 |archive-date=22 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922201913/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Pretty+women+/1/70595.html |url-status=live}}</ref> She has played the lead role of [[Daya Jethalal Gada|Daya "Dayaben" Jethalal Gada]] in [[SAB TV|SAB TV's]] sitcom ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'' since 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Comedy Inc |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/comedy-inc/640054/0 |date=1 July 2010 |access-date=14 May 2013 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015838/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/comedy-inc/640054/0 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Character's the KING |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/characters-the-king/715489/0 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=25 November 2010 |access-date=14 May 2013 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015852/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/characters-the-king/715489/0 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Funny female bone |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Funny-female-bone/articleshow/4681848.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=21 June 2009 |access-date=14 May 2013 |archive-date=24 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724024753/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-21/mumbai/28175223_1_gujarati-daya-housewife |url-status=live}}</ref> Her brother Mayur Vakani also plays her on-screen brother Sundarlal or Sundar. She went on maternity leave in September 2017 and did not return to the show as of 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-confirmed-disha-vakani-not-returning-as-dayaben-on-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-2711350 |title=Confirmed! Disha Vakani not returning as Dayaben on 'Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah' |date=23 January 2019 |website=dna |language=en |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002732/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-confirmed-disha-vakani-not-returning-as-dayaben-on-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-2711350 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/asit-modi-on-replacing-disha-vakani-on-taarak-mehta-ko-ooltah-chashmah-no-one-is-bigger-than-the-show-1494171-2019-04-04 |title=Asit Modi on replacing Disha Vakani on Taarak Mehta Ko Ooltah Chashmah: No one is bigger than the show |date=4 April 2019 |website=India Today |language=en |access-date=8 April 2019 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405145918/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/asit-modi-on-replacing-disha-vakani-on-taarak-mehta-ko-ooltah-chashmah-no-one-is-bigger-than-the-show-1494171-2019-04-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
She married a [[Mumbai]]-based [[chartered accountant]] named Mayur Padia on 24 November 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-dayaben-of-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-aka-disha-vakani-ties-the-knot-2148416 |title=Dayaben of 'Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah' aka Disha Vakani ties the knot |newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=25 November 2015|access-date=26 November 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127020644/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-dayaben-of-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-aka-disha-vakani-ties-the-knot-2148416 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="India Today 2015">{{cite web |title=TV actress Disha Vakani ties the knot! |website=India Today |date=24 November 2015 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/dayaben-of-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-disha-vakani-ties-knot-with-chartered-accountant-mayur-274153-2015-11-24 |access-date=16 February 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216220009/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dayaben-of-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-disha-vakani-ties-knot-with-chartered-accountant-mayur/1/530340.html |url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 November 2017, the couple became parents to a baby girl.<ref name=":0" />
She gave birth to a baby boy in May 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-disha-vakani-aka-dayaben-becomes-a-mother-to-baby-boy-this-is-her-second-child/articleshow/91763054.cms | title=Exclusive! Disha Vakani aka Dayaben becomes a mother to baby boy, this is her second child | newspaper=The Times of India | date=24 May 2022 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Kamsin: The Untouched]]''
| Pinky
| [[Hindi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-15 |title=Disha Vakani doesn't regret her past |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/disha-vakani-doesnt-regret-her-past/articleshow/46929739.cms |access-date=2024-01-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 1998
| ''Mahisagar Na Moti''
| Geeta
| rowspan="2" | [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1999
| ''Pandadu Lilu Ne Rang Rato''
| Parul
|
|
|-
| ''[[Phool Aur Aag]]''
| {{Unknown}}
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2002
| ''Paiso Maro Parmeshwar''
| {{Unknown}}
| Gujarati
|
|
|-
| ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]''
| Sakhi
| rowspan="6" | Hindi
|
|
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Mangal Pandey: The Rising]]''
| Yasmin
|
|<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117927824.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 | work=Variety| title=The Rising: Ballad of Mangal Pandey Movie Review | first=Derek | last=Elley | date=4 August 2005}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''Jaana... Let's Fall in Love''
| Salma Disa
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2008
| ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]''
| Madhavi
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-jodhaa-akbar/59060-8.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113120210/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-jodhaa-akbar/59060-8.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 November 2008|title=Masand's Verdict: Jodhaa Akbar|website=IBN Live|access-date=1 July 2011}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[C Kkompany]]''
| Asha Trivedi
| Special appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Love Story 2050]]''
| Maid
|
|
|}

===Television===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Justujoo]]''
| Mehul's makeup artist
|
|
|-
| 2003
| ''Shubh Mangal Savadhan''
| Sanskriti
|
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi]]''
| Various characters
|
|
|-
| 2004–2005
| ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]''
| Bina
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2005
| ''[[Instant Khichdi]]''
| Nisha
| Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Hero – Bhakti Hi Shakti Hai]]''
| School Teacher
|
|
|-
|''[[Rooh]]''
|Kajal Srivastav
|Guest Appearance(Ep 14)
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Resham Dankh]]''
| Kinari
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url = https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/shows/gujarati-flavour-on-prime-time-tv/articleshow/31458718.cms |title = Gujarati flavour on prime time TV |work = The Times of India |access-date = 10 November 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181116174732/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/shows/gujarati-flavour-on-prime-time-tv/articleshow/31458718.cms |archive-date = 16 November 2018|url-status = live |df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
|-
| 2008–2019
| ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
| rowspan="2"| [[Daya Jethalal Gada]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Dear Taarak Mehta, you were our peak comfort content for 14 years |work=The Print |date=21 May 2022 |accessdate=16 September 2023 |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/dear-taarak-mehta-you-were-our-peak-comfort-content-for-14-years-now-its-time-to-retire/963666/ |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616155030/https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/dear-taarak-mehta-you-were-our-peak-comfort-content-for-14-years-now-its-time-to-retire/963666/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2014
|''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]''
| Special appearance
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=CID and Tarak Mehta Ka Oolta Chashma to have a Mahasangram episode |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/CID-Tarak-Mehta-Ka-Oolta-Chashma-to-have-a-Mahasangram-episode/articleshow/37645778.cms|access-date=3 June 2020|website=The Times of India|date=2 July 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Accolades==
[[File:Disha Vakani at 11th Indian Television Academy Awards.jpg|thumb|Vakani- Padia at [[ITA Awards]], 2011]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref
|-
|2008
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress - Comedy]]
| rowspan="10" |''Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah''
| rowspan="10" {{won}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role – Female|Best Actor in a Comic Role – Female]] (Popular)
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2009 |title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |publisher=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |access-date=19 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909212242/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2009 |archive-date=9 September 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress - Comedy|Best Actress - Comedy]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| [[Gold Awards]]
| Best Comic Actor (Popular)
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/awards/awards-and-honours/boro-plus-gold-awards-10/articleshow/6070450.cms |title=Boro Plus Gold Awards '10 |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 April 2019 |archive-date=9 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409234956/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/awards/awards-and-honours/boro-plus-gold-awards-10/articleshow/6070450.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role – Female|Best Actor in a Comic Role – Female]] (Popular)
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com:80/y2k10/winners.php |title=The Tenth Indian Telly Awards |publisher=Tellyawards.indiantelevision.com |access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618104207/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com:80/y2k10/winners.php |archive-date=18 June 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|2012
|[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India]]
|Favorite Actress – TV
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilip Joshi and Disha Vakani from the TV show Taraka Mehta, at 1st Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India 2013, held at Filmcity, in Mumbai, on November 14, 2013. |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/yearendershow/25799776.cms |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|2014
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[ITA Award for Best Actress - Comedy|Best Actress - Comedy]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2014 |work=Indian Television Academy Awards |title=ITA Awards 2014 Winners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107232303/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2014 |archive-date=7 November 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=31 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|-
|2016
| rowspan="2" |[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India]]
|''Favorite Character — TV (Female)''
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Shah Rukh Khan bags Kids' Icon of the year award, Varun Dhawan-Alia Bhatt best pair |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-bags-kids-icon-of-the-year-award-varun-dhawan-alia-bhatt-best-pair-4413307/ |access-date=15 February 2017 |work=The Indian Express |date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|Favorite Actress – TV
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nick India Announces Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards 2017 India Nominations |url=http://www.nickalive.net/2017/11/nick-india-announces-nickelodeon-kids.html |access-date=17 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|1801750}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Television|Film}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Disha Vakani
| list =
{{Indian Telly Award Best Comic Actress}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Comic Actress}}

}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vakani, Disha}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Gujarati cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Gujarati actresses]]

Works by Sarojini Naidu

2026-01-11T22:41:51Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Starting a data.

{{Short description|Works by the Indian political activist and poet}}
'''Sarojini Naidu''' (13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949) was an Indian political activist and poet. A proponent of [[civil rights]], [[women's emancipation]], and [[anti-imperialistic]] ideas, she was an important figure in [[Indian independence movement]]. Naidu's work as a poet earned her the sobriquet 'the Nightingale of India' by Mahatma Gandhi because of colour, imagery, and lyrical quality of her poetry.<ref name="ISCE">{{Cite book |title=Treasure Trove: A Collection of ICSE Poems and Short Stories |publisher=Evergreen Publications (INDIA) Ltd.|year=2020 |isbn=9789350637005 |location=New Delhi |pages=13}}</ref><ref name="Ahmed2015">{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Lilyma |title=Naidu, Sarojini |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Naidu,_Sarojini |access-date=5 August 2015 |publisher=[[Banglapedia]]: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh}}</ref><ref name="Raman2006">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=Naidu, Sarojini |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of India |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |last=Raman |first=Sita Anantha |editor-last=Wolpert |editor-first=Stanley |volume=3 |pages=212–213}}</ref>

Naidu was proficient in [[Urdu]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[English language|English]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and [[Persian language|Persian]]. Her command of poetry had brought her international acclamation, Naidu's literary contribution, particularly for her poems with the themes like [[patriotism]], [[romanticism]] and [[Lyric poetry|lyric]] for which she is called "Nightingale of India"—(''Bharat Kokila'') by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Her birthday is celebrated in India as [[National women's day (India)|National women's day]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Why is National Women's Day Celebrated on Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary?|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/why-is-national-womens-day-celebrated-on-sarojini-naidus-birth-anniversary-4764887.html|work=[[Network 18]]|date=13 February 2022|accessdate=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=National Women's Day 2021: Remembering Sarojini Naidu on her 142nd Birth Anniversary|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/national-women-s-day-2021-remembering-sarojini-naidu-on-her-142nd-birth-anniversary-1768881-2021-02-13|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=13 February 2021|accessdate=28 July 2022}}</ref>

==Work==
===Plays===
*Meher Muneer-(Persian) 1885

===Essays===
*Words of Freedom - Ideas of a Nation.

===Books (English)===

*1905: ''The Golden Threshold'', London: William Heineman
*1912: ''[[The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring]]'', London: William Heineman and New York: John Lane Company
*1917: ''The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and the Spring'', London: William Heinemann
*1917: ''The Song of the Palanquin Bearers'', lyrics by Naidu and music by [[Martin Shaw (composer)|Martin Shaw]], London: Curwen
*1918: ''The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu'', Madras: [[G.A. Natesan]] and Company
*1919: ''Mohammed Ali Jinnah: An Ambassador of Unity'' His Speeches and Writings 1912-1917, Madras: Ganesh and Company.
*1928: ''The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India'', New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
*1961: ''The Feather of the Dawn'', authored by Naidu in 1927, edited by [[Padmaja Naidu, her daughter]], Bombay: Asia Publishing House.

==Other works==
*Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu.
*The Lady of the Lake (1300 lines poem) written in her childhood.
*The Indian Weavers, (1971) is a short poem published posthumously.

==Further reading==
*[https://rarebooksocietyofindia.org/book_archive/196174216674_10151298015711675.pdf The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and Destiny (1915-16)]
*Sarojini Naidu: Her Way With Words, Niyogi Books, 2006 by Mushirul Hasan.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Works by Sarojini Naidu]]
[[Category:Sarojini Naidu]]
[[Category:Bibliographies of Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian poetry collections]]

Political Divisions of Palakkad District

2026-01-04T16:29:01Z

Ansuma Basumatary: basic adjusted section based on references and corrected details per sources

#REDIRECT [[Political divisions of Palakkad district]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

India–South Korea relations

2026-01-02T14:14:35Z

Ansuma Basumatary: slightly improve section as per guidelines also and updated info as per guidelines

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}{{Dmy|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox bilateral relations|India–South Korea|India|South Korea|
| mission1 = Embassy of India, [[Seoul]]
| mission2 = Embassy of South Korea, [[New Delhi]]
| envoytitle1 =
| envoy1 = Amit Kumar
| envoytitle2 =
| envoy2 = Lee Seong-ho
}}

'''India and the Republic of Korea (ROK) relations''' are the [[Bilateralism|bilateral relations]] between [[India|The Republic of India]] and [[South Korea|The Republic of Korea]]. Formal establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries occurred on 10 December 1973. Since then, several trade agreements have been reached such as the Agreement on Trade Promotion and Economic and Technological Co-operation in 1974, the Agreement on Co-operation in Science & Technology in 1976, the Convention on Double Taxation Avoidance in 1985, and the Bilateral Investment Promotion/Protection Agreement in 1996.

Trade between the two nations has increased greatly from $530 million during the fiscal year of 1992–1993 to billions during the fiscal year of 2006–2007.<ref name="IDSA">[http://www.idsa.in/publications/stratcomments/RohitPattnaik220906.htm IDSA publication] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216140030/http://www.idsa.in/publications/stratcomments/RohitPattnaik220906.htm |date=16 December 2008 }}</ref> It further increased to US$17.6 billion by 2013.

India–South Korea relations have advanced particularly due to united interests, mutual goodwill, and high-level exchanges. South Korea is currently the fifth largest source of investment in India.<ref name="FICCI">[http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/korea/koreacommercialrelation.htm FICCI info] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221061403/http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/korea/koreacommercialrelation.htm |date=2008-02-21 }}</ref> Korean companies such as [[Lucky Goldstar|LG]], [[Samsung]] and [[Hyundai Motor Group|Hyundai]] have established manufacturing and service facilities in India, and several Korean construction companies won grants for a portion of the many infrastructural building plans in India such as the [[National Highways Development Project]].<ref name="FICCI"/> Tata Motors' purchase of [[Daewoo]] Commercial Vehicles at the cost of US$102 million highlights one of India's many investments in Korea which consist mostly of subcontracting.<ref name="FICCI"/>

The Indian community in Korea is estimated to be around 8,000 people, specifically businesspeople, IT professionals, scientists, research fellows, students, and workers; there are about 150 businesspeople dealing mainly in textiles, and over 1,000 IT professionals and software engineers have recently come to Korea to work, including in large conglomerates such as Samsung and LG. Additionally, there are about 500 scientists and post-doctoral research scholars in Korea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/mystart.php?id=2001&pg=k|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126162858/http://mea.gov.in/mystart.php?id=2001&pg=k|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 November 2010|title=Sorry for the inconvenience.|date=April 2016}}</ref>

== Pre-modern relations ==
{{see also | Korean Buddhism | Silk Road transmission of Buddhism | Indianisation }}
[[File:Buddhist Expansion.svg|thumb|right|300px|[[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism|Buddhist expansion in Asia]], from Buddhist heartland in [[northern India]] (dark orange) starting 5th century BCE, to Buddhist majority realm (orange), and historical extent of Buddhism influences (yellow). [[Mahayana|Mahāyāna]] (red arrow), [[Theravada|Theravāda]] (green arrow), and [[Tantra|Tantric]]-[[Vajrayana|Vajrayāna]] (blue arrow). The overland and maritime "Silk Roads" were interlinked and complementary, forming what scholars have called the "great circle of Buddhism".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Acri |author-first=Andrea |date=20 December 2018 |title=Maritime Buddhism |url=https://oxfordre.com/religion/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-638 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion |location=[[Oxford]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.638 |isbn=9780199340378 |doi-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219153342/https://oxfordre.com/religion/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-638 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=30 May 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref>]]
[[file:Suriratna_2019_stamp_of_India.jpg|thumb|right|A commemorative [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] 25.00 postage stamp on Princess Suriratna (Queen Heo Hwang-ok ) was issued by India in 2019.]]
[[file:Queen_Heo_2019_stamp_of_India.jpg|thumb|right|A commemorative [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] 5.00 postage stamp on Queen Heo Hwang-ok (Princess Suriratna) was issued by India in 2019.]]

=== Trade relations ===
Indian diamond drilled carnelian beads have been discovered in Korea dating back to the [[Proto–Three Kingdoms period|proto three kingdoms period]] (100–669 CE).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Glover|first1=Lauren|last2=Kenoyer|first2=J. M.|title=Overlooked Imports: Carnelian Beads in the Korean Peninsula|url=https://www.academia.edu/40404774|journal=Asian Perspectives|year=2019|language=en|volume=58|issue=1|pages=180–201|doi=10.1353/asi.2019.0009|hdl=10125/76776 |s2cid=166339176|issn=1535-8283|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

=== Buddhism in Korea ===
Centuries after [[History of Buddhism in India|Buddhism originated in India]], [[Mahayana]] Buddhism [[Chinese Buddhism|arrived in China]] through the [[Silk Road]] in the first century CE via [[Tibet]], then to the Korean peninsula in the third century during the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms period]], after which it was [[Buddhism in Japan|transmitted to Japan]].<ref name="camb1" />

The ''[[Samguk yusa]]'' records the following three monks as being among the first to bring [[Buddhist]] teaching, or [[Dharma]], to [[Korea]]: [[Malananta]] (late fourth century), an [[India]]n [[Buddhist]] monk who brought Buddhism to [[Baekje]] in the southern [[Korea|Korean peninsula]]; [[Shandao|Sundo]], a Chinese Buddhist monk who brought Buddhism to [[Goguryeo]] in northern Korea; and [[Ado (monk)|Ado]], a Chinese Buddhist monk who brought Buddhism to [[Silla]] in central Korea.<ref>"Malananta bring Buddhism to Baekje" in ''Samguk Yusa'' III, Ha & Mintz translation, pp. 178–179.</ref><ref name="autogenerated9">{{Citation
| last=Kim
| first=Won-yong
| title=An Early Gilt-bronze Seated Buddha from Seoul
| journal=Artibus Asiae
| volume=23
| issue=1
| year=1960
| pages=67–71
| doi=10.2307/3248029
| jstor=3248029
}}, pg. 71</ref> In Korea, it was adopted as the state religion of three constituent polities of the Three Kingdoms period: the [[Goguryeo]] ([[Geumgwan Gaya|Gaya]]) in 372 CE, the Silla in 528 CE, and the Baekje in 552 CE.<ref name="camb1">Lee Injae, Owen Miller, Park Jinhoon, Yi Hyun-Hae, 2014, Korean History in Maps, Cambridge University Press, pp. 44–49, 52–60.</ref>

In 526 CE, Korea monk [[Gyeyul|Gyeomik]] went to India to learn [[Sanskrit]] and study the monastic discipline [[Vinaya]], after which he founded the [[Gyeyul]] ({{korean|hanja=戒律宗|hangul=계율종|rr=Gyeyuljong}}) branch of Buddhism which specializes in the study of Vinaya that derives directly from the Indian Vinaya School.<ref>The Buddhist Religion: a historical introduction. [[Richard Robinson (Buddhism scholar)|Richard H. Robinson]], Willard L. Johnson, Sandra Ann Wawrytko. Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1996</ref>

The historical fact that people on the [[Indian subcontinent]] were familiar with Korea's customs and beliefs is amply testified by the records of the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim [[Yijing (monk)|Yijing]] who reached India in 673. Yijing writes that Indians regarded Koreans as "worshipers of the rooster", a concept about Koreans that had been grounded in a legend of the [[Silla]] dynasty.<ref>[https://www.ekoreajournal.net/issue/index2.htm?Idx=328# Korea Journal Vol.28. No.12 (Dec. 1988)]</ref>

A famous Korean visitor to India was [[Hyecho]], a Korean Buddhist monk from Silla, one of the three Korean kingdoms of the period. On the advice of his Indian teachers in China, he set out for India in 723 CE to acquaint himself with the language and culture of the land of the Buddha. He wrote a travelogue of his journey in Chinese, ''[[Wang ocheonchukguk jeon]],'' or ''An account of travel to the five Indian kingdoms''. The work was long thought to be lost; however, a manuscript turned up among the [[Dunhuang manuscripts]] during the early 20th century.

A rich merchant from the [[Ma'bar Sultanate]], Abu Ali (P'aehali) 孛哈里 (or 布哈爾, Buhaer), was associated closely with the Ma'bar royal family. After falling out with them, he moved to [[Yuan dynasty]] China, married a Korean woman, and received a job from the Mongol emperor. His wife was formerly married to [[:zh:桑哥|Sangha]], a Tibetan,<ref>[http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp110_wuzong_emperor.pdf Shaykh 'Âlam: the Emperor of Early Sixteenth-Century China], p. 15.</ref> and her father was Ch'ae In'gyu during the reign of [[Chungnyeol of Goryeo]], recorded in the [[Dongguk Tonggam]], [[Goryeosa]] and Liu Mengyan's Zhong'anji.<ref name="Schottenhammer2008">{{cite book |author=Angela Schottenhammer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSA_AaRdgioC&pg=PA138 |title=The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Commerce and Human Migration |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-447-05809-4 |pages=138–}}</ref><ref>SEN, TANSEN. 2006. "The Yuan Khanate and India: Cross-cultural Diplomacy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries”. Asia Major 19 (1/2). Academia Sinica: [http://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1445ZBWAkRi.pdf 317.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127000201/http://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1445ZBWAkRi.pdf |date=27 January 2016 }} [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41649921?seq=17 JSTOR].</ref>

==Modern relations==

=== Buddhism ===
In 2001, a [[Memorial of Heo Hwang-ok, Ayodhya|memorial]] of [[Heo Hwang-ok]] from 48 CE, who is believed to be a princess of Indian origin named Suriratna, was inaugurated by a Korean delegation in the city of [[Ayodhya]], India, which included over a hundred historians and government representatives.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1205728.stm Korean memorial to Indian princess], 6 March 2001, [[BBC]]</ref>

In 2016, a Korean delegation proposed to develop the memorial; the proposal was then accepted by the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister [[Akhilesh Yadav]].<ref>[https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20160301/2806883.html UP CM announces grand memorial of Queen Huh Wang-Ock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212132456/https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20160301/2806883.html|date=2019-12-12}}, 1 March 2016, WebIndia123</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Choe |first1=Chong-dae |date=12 July 2016 |title=Legacy of Queen Suriratna |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2024/05/137_219704.html |access-date=5 October 2020 |publisher=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> [[Kim Jung-sook]], first lady of South Korea, later inaugurated the groundbreaking of the Queen Heo Hwang-ok memorial with Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister [[Yogi Adityanath]] in November 2018, with plans for completion by 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahuja |first1=Sanjeev K |date=19 August 2020 |title=Coming soon, Musical on Queen Huh of Korea; Princess Suriratna of Ayodhya |url=https://www.asiancommunitynews.com/coming-soon-musical-on-queen-huh-of-korea-princess-suriratna-of-ayodhya/ |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Asian Community News}}</ref> [[Gimhae]], which already has a tomb and [[pagoda]] of Queen Heo Hwang-ok, is now constructing 3000 square meters of a museum and exhibition hall.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahuja |first1=Sanjeev K |date=23 December 2019 |title=Korea to have first museum of Indian princess Suriratna |url=https://www.asiancommunitynews.com/exclusive-korea-to-have-first-museum-of-indian-princess-suriratna/ |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Asian Community News}}</ref>

=== Strategic partnership ===
During the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], South Korean businesses sought to increase access to the global markets and began trade investments with India.<ref name="IDSA"/>

The India–Republic of Korea Joint Commission for bilateral co-operation was established in February 1996, which has been chaired by the external affairs minister and the minister of foreign affairs and trade from both countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Lakhvinder |date=3 March 2024 |title=India-Korea cooperation must for Indo-Pacific peace |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/india-korea-cooperation-must-for-indo-pacific-peace |website=The Sunday Guardian}}</ref> So far, six meetings of the Joint Commission have been held, with the last one held in Seoul in June 2010.

In an interview with the ''[[Times of India]]'', former Korean president [[Roh Tae-woo]] voiced his opinion that co-operation between India's software and Korea's IT industries would bring successful outcomes.<ref name="blue house">[http://www.president.go.kr/cwd/kr/archive/popup_archive_print.php?meta_id=diplomacy_2004_03_1&id=e40ef57671fb72a4b3269f7d Blue House commentary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015633/http://www.president.go.kr/cwd/kr/archive/popup_archive_print.php?meta_id=diplomacy_2004_03_1&id=e40ef57671fb72a4b3269f7d |date=2007-09-30 }}</ref> The two countries agreed to shift their focus to the revision of the visa policies between the two countries, expansion of trade, and establishment of a [[free trade agreement]] to encourage further investment between the two countries.

In February 2006, there was a state visit to Korea by Indian President [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Abdul Kalam]] which heralded a new phase in India–Korea relations. It led to the launch of a joint task force to conclude a bilateral Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which was signed by Minister for Commerce and Industry [[Anand Sharma]] in Seoul on 7 August 2009.

Korean President Lee paid a landmark visit to India during Republic Day celebrations on 26 January 2010, when bilateral ties were raised to the level of strategic partnership. One year later, in 2011, an Indian Cultural Centre was established in South Korea in April, and the Festival of India in Korea was inaugurated by Dr. Karan Singh, President of Indian Council for Cultural Relations, on 30 June, to revitalise the cultural relations between the two countries.

Indian president [[Pratibha Patil]] embarked on a state visit to Korea from 24 to 27 July 2011, during which the Civil Nuclear Energy Cooperation Agreement was signed. One year later, in June 2012, India, a major importer of arms and military hardware, planned eight warships from South Korea, but the contract ended in cancellation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-buy-8-warships-from-South-Korea-for-Rs-6000-crore/articleshow/13981299.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218132655/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-10/india/32155479_1_mines-mcmvs-warships|url-status=live|archive-date=18 February 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=India to buy 8 warships from South Korea for Rs 6,000 crore|date=10 June 2012 |access-date=29 April 2016}}</ref>

Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] paid an official visit to Seoul from 24–27 March 2012, pertaining to Nuclear Security Summits, which led to the deepening of bilateral strategic partnership that was forged during President Lee Myung-bak's state visit to India. An agreement on visa simplification was signed on 25 March in the presence of the two leaders at the [[Blue House]]. A joint statement was also issued during the prime minister's visit.

Former South Korean president [[Park Geun-hye]] visited India in 2014.
[[File:Team_Tejas_with_Korean_Air_Force_personal.jpg|thumb|[[Indian Air Force]] and [[Republic of Korea Air Force]] personnel together during exercise Desert Flag held in UAE.]]
In July 2018, South Korean president [[Moon Jae-in]] and Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] jointly inaugurated [[Samsung Electronics]]'s smartphone assembly factory in [[Noida]], the largest such factory in the world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/339982-samsung-opens-worlds-biggest-smartphone-factory-in-india|title=Samsung opens world's biggest smartphone factory in India|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, during the second 2+2 policy dialogue between South Korean and Indian research institutes in [[Seoul]], Park Cheol-hee, Chancellor of the Korea National Diplomatic Academy, stated:<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=March 20, 2024 |title=Why Korea-India partnership matters in era of uncertainties |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20240320050757 |work=[[The Korea Herald]]}}</ref>
{{blockquote|In essence, South Korea and India share a lot of common qualities and external orientations, so the two countries are wonderful partners to work within a world of uncertainty, instability, and fluidity.|source=|author=}}

At the same event, Vijay Thakur, Director General of the Indian Council of World Affairs, stated:<ref name=":0" />

{{blockquote|Strengthening the India-South Korea partnership in the region and in Indo-Pacific is of strategic importance for both economies.|source=|author=}}

==Trade==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Bilateral trade between Korea and India<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy of India, Seoul, Republic of Korea : India – RoK Trade and Economic Relations|url=https://www.indembassyseoul.gov.in/page/india-rok-trade-and-economic-relations/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.indembassyseoul.gov.in}}</ref>
(Amount in million US$)
|Year
|Total trade
|Growth %
|Indian exports to ROK
|Growth %
|ROK Export to India
|Growth%
|-
|2007
|11,224
|22.35%
|4,624
|27.03%
|6,600
|19.3%
|-
|2008
|15,558
|39.00%
|6,581
|42.32%
|8,977
|36%
|-
|2009
|12,155
|<nowiki>-21.88%</nowiki>
|4,142
|<nowiki>-37.06%</nowiki>
|8,013
|<nowiki>-10.7%</nowiki>
|-
|2010
|17,109
|40.76%
|5,674
|36.98%
|11,435
|42.7%
|-
|2011
|20,548
|20.10%
|7,894
|39%
|12,654
|10.7%
|-
|2012
|18,843
|<nowiki>-8.30%</nowiki>
|6,921
|<nowiki>-12.3%</nowiki>
|11,922
|<nowiki>-5.8%</nowiki>
|-
|2013
| 17,568
|<nowiki>-0.07%</nowiki>
|6,183
|<nowiki>-10.7%</nowiki>
|11,385
|<nowiki>-4.5%</nowiki>
|-
|2014
|18,060
|2.8%
|5,275
|<nowiki>-14.6%</nowiki>
|12,785
|12.4%
|-
|2015
|16,271
|<nowiki>-9.9%</nowiki>
|4,241
|<nowiki>-19.6%</nowiki>
|12,030
|<nowiki>-5.9%</nowiki>
|-
|2016
|15,785
|<nowiki>-2.9%</nowiki>
|4,189
|<nowiki>-1.2%</nowiki>
|11,596
|<nowiki>-3.6%</nowiki>
|-
|2017
|20,005
|26.7%
|4,949
|18.1%
|15,056
|29.8%
|-
|2018
|21,491
|7.4%
|5,885
|18.9%
|15,606
|3.7%
|-
|2019
|20,663
|<nowiki>-3.87%</nowiki>
|5,566
|<nowiki>-5.40%</nowiki>
|15,097
|<nowiki>-3.29%</nowiki>
|-
|2020
|16,852
|<nowiki>-22.61%</nowiki>
|4,900
|<nowiki>-12.0%</nowiki>
|11,952
|<nowiki>-20.8%</nowiki>
|}
== Resident diplomatic missions ==
* India has an embassy in [[Seoul]].
* South Korea has an embassy in [[New Delhi]] and consulates-general in [[Chennai]] and [[Mumbai]].
== See also ==
{{div col |colwidth=15em}}
* [[Korean Buddhism]]
* [[Hinduism in Korea]]
* [[Indians in Korea]]
* [[Koreans in India]]
* [[India–North Korea relations]]
* [[Korean Wave]]
* [[Korean drama#India]]
* [[K-pop#India]]
* [[Webtoon#India]]
* [[Korean Cultural Center#Asia-Pacific]]
* [[KOTRA#Overseas Offices]]
* [[Taekwondo in India]]{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Relations of India and South Korea}}
* [http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=530 Coping with Giants: South Korea’s Responses to China’s and India’s Rise] by Chung Min Lee, ''Strategic Asia 2011–12: Asia Responds to Its Rising Powers – China and India'' (September 2011)
* [http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/05/list-of-agreements-signed-between-india-and-south-korea-during-pm-modis-visit-in-may-2015/ List of Agreements signed between India and South Korea in May 2015]
* Rajiv Kumar. "Explaining the origins and evolution of India’s Korean policy", [[International Area Studies Review]], June 2015; vol. 18(2), pp. 182–198.
* Rajiv Kumar. "Korea's Changing Relations with the United States and China: Implications for Korea- India Economic Relations," Journal of Asiatic Studies, 2016 vol. 58(4), pp. 104–133 (Asiatic Research Center, Korea University)

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of South Korea}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|India|South Korea}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:India - South Korea Relations}}
[[Category:India–South Korea relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Korea, South]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of South Korea]]
[[Category:India–Korea relations|South]]

List of Buddhist monasteries in Sikkim

2025-12-22T10:32:47Z

Ansuma Basumatary: small fix lead further and added references based on references

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
This is a partial '''list of [[Buddhist monasteries]]''' in the Indian state of [[Sikkim]].{{efn|Gulia 2007 states there is a total of 77 monasteries in Sikkim.<ref name=Gulia2007>{{citation|title=Mountains of the God: Spiritual Ecology of Himalayan Region | first=K.S. | last=Gulia | publisher=Gyan Publishing House | location=Delhi | year=2007 | isbn=9788182054202|chapter=Monasteries in Sikkim: A geographical study|pages=280–304|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K5AaI2PhiV8C&pg=PA280}}</ref>}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!District
!Established
|-
|[[Amba Mamring Monastery]]<ref name=east>{{cite web |url=http://sikkimeccl.gov.in/History/Monasteries/East/EasMonasterytList.aspx |title=Ecclesiastical Department, Government of Sikkim - East District Monasteries |access-date= 7 July 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=41|[[East Sikkim district|East Sikkim]]
|1929
|-
|[[Bakcham Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1966
|-
|[[Bongyong Ani Gonpa]]<ref name=east/>
|2005
|-
|[[Burtuk Ugen Pemacholing Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|2000
|-
|[[Choten Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1946
|-
|[[Dichen Choling Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1987
|-
|[[Dolepchen Boudha Sanskrit Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1991
|-
|[[Duchi Gyalton Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|2002
|-
|[[Enchey Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1840
|-
|[[Kagon Tshechhogling Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1977
|-
|[[Kathog Dorjeden Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1840
|-
|[[Khatek Pema Choling Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1985
|-
|[[Lingdok Tsangkhar Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1862
|-
|[[Lingdum Zurmang Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1999
|-
|[[Linkoed Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1840
|-
|[[Martam Namdzong]]<ref name=east/>
|1917
|-
|[[Martam Tsangkhar Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1951
|-
|[[Old Rumtek Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1734
|-
|[[Pabyuk Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1875
|-
|[[Pandam Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1955
|-
|[[Pathing Matsang Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1860
|-
|[[Radong Tensung Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1959
|-
|[[Raloong Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1956
|-
|[[Ray Mindu Katenling Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1873
|-
|[[Rinak Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1841
|-
|[[Rumtek Dharma Chakra Centre]]<ref name=east/>
|1962
|-
|[[Samdong Mintokgang Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1913
|-
|[[Sang Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1912
|-
|[[Sang-Ngor Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1961
|-
|[[Simig Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1843
|-
|[[Singtam Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1992
|-
|[[Sumon Thubten Gatsalling Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1924
|-
|[[Taglung Domsumling Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1987
|-
|[[Taktse Ani Gonpa]]<ref name=east/>
|1980
|-
|[[Thumon Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1921
|-
|[[Tingkye Gonjang Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1981
|-
|[[Tsangek Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1888
|-
|[[Tsulakhang Monastery]]<ref name=east/>
|1898
|-
|[[Karthok Monastery]]
|
|-
|[[Rhenock Monastery]]
|
|-
|[[Simik Monastery]]
|
|-
|[[Barphog Monastery]]<ref name=north>{{cite web |url=http://sikkimeccl.gov.in/History/Monasteries/North/NorthMonasteryList.aspx |title=Ecclesiastical Department, Government of Sikkim - North District Monasteries |access-date= 7 July 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=25|[[North Sikkim district|North Sikkim]]
|1957
|-
|[[Gor Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|2002
|-
|[[Hee Gyathang Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1914
|-
|[[Kabi Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1911
|-
|[[Labrang Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1844
|-
|[[Lachen Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1858
|-
|[[Lachen Thangu Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1947
|-
|[[Lachung Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1850
|-
|[[Lingthem Gonpa]]<ref name=north/>
|1857
|-
|[[Malam Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1928
|-
|[[Nage Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1937
|-
|[[Phensang Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1721
|-
|[[Phodong Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1734
|-
|[[Ringyim Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1852
|-
|[[Shagyong Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1940
|-
|[[Ship Kunzang Choling Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1900
|-
|[[Silem Phagyal Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1967
|-
|[[Singchit Ngadag Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1890
|-
|[[Sontam Tensung Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1884
|-
|[[Tareng Gonpa]]<ref name=north/>
|1929
|-
|[[Tholung Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1789
|-
|[[Tingbung Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1843
|-
|[[Tsawang Choling Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1936
|-
|[[Tsungthang Monastery]]<ref name=north/>
|1788
|-
|[[Chawayng Ani Monastery]]
|
|-
|[[Ben Monastery]]<ref name=south>{{cite web |url=http://sikkimeccl.gov.in/History/Monasteries/South/SouthDistrictMonasteryList.aspx |title=Ecclesiastical Department, Government of Sikkim - South District Monasteries |access-date= 7 July 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=29|[[South Sikkim district|South Sikkim]]
|1902
|-
|[[Bon Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1980
|-
|[[Bumtar Namdroling Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1939
|-
|[[Burmiok Norbugang Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1992
|-
|[[Doling Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1718
|-
|[[Gagyong Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|2005
|-
|[[Kewzing Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1974
|-
|[[Linge Phagyal Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1862
|-
|[[Malli Tashi Chodarling Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1915
|-
|[[Mangbro Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1790
|-
|[[Namthang Norbu Tsho-Ling Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1914
|-
|[[Namthang Nyima Choling Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1997
|-
|[[Namtse Ahaley Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1948
|-
|[[Namtse Nga-Dag Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1684
|-
|[[Parbing Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1935
|-
|[[Rabong Kunphenling Tsechu Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1972
|-
|[[Rabong Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|2006
|-
|[[Ralong Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1730
|-
|[[Ralong Palchen Choling Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1995
|-
|[[Sangmo Sharchog Bephug Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1921
|-
|[[Serdup Choling Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1967
|-
|[[Sorok Tamang Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1962
|-
|[[Suiram Risung Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1995
|-
|[[Tekling Dzokchen Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1936
|-
|[[Wok Pabong Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1915
|-
|[[Yangang Changchub Tamu Monastery]]<ref name=south/>
|1982
|-
|[[Yangang Gonpa]]<ref name=south/>
|1787
|-
|[[Namchi Monastery]]
|
|-
|[[Tendong Gumpa]]
|
|-
|[[Aden Wolung Monastery]]<ref name=west>{{cite web |url=http://sikkimeccl.gov.in/History/Monasteries/West/WestMonasteryList.aspx |title=Ecclesiastical Department, Government of Sikkim - West District Monasteries |access-date= 7 July 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=19|[[West Sikkim district|West Sikkim]]
|1913
|-
|[[Chakung Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1847
|-
|[[Dodak Tamu Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|2005
|-
|[[Dubde Monastery]]<ref name=west/><ref name=Joshi2004/><ref name=Informatics/>
|1647
|-
|[[Hungri Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1922
|-
|[[Khachoedpalri Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1760
|-
|[[Lhuntse Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1850
|-
|[[Melli-Atsing Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1740
|-
|[[Nubling Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1875
|-
|[[Okhery Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1949
|-
|[[Pemayangtse Monastery]]<ref name=west/><ref name=Joshi2004/>
|1650-1651
|-
|[[Rinchen Choling Tamu Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1996
|-
|[[Rinchenpung Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1730
|-
|[[Sanga Choeling Monastery]]<ref name=west/><ref name=Informatics/><ref name=Frommers/>
|1649-1650
|-
|[[Silnon Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1716
|-
|[[Sri Badam Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1976
|-
|[[Tashi Samboling Tamang Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1967
|-
|[[Tashiding Monastery]]<ref name=west/>
|1651
|-
|[[Bermiok Monastery]]
|1873
|-
|}

==Notes==
Dates in list above are from National Informatics Center<ref name=Informatics/> unless footnoted.

{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Commons category|Monasteries in Sikkim}}
<references>

<ref name=Joshi2004>{{citation| title=Sikkim: Past and Present | editor-first=H. G. | editor-last=Joshi | publisher=Mittal Publications | contribution=Profile of land and people | edition=first | year=2004 | isbn=9788170999324 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L7gIVNzkN2YC&pg=PA139|pages=139–140}}</ref>

<ref name=Informatics>{{citation|publisher=National Informatics Center / Tashiling Secretariat|location=Gangtok, Sikkim, India|title=Monasteries in Sikkim|url=http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/glim_mon.htm|access-date=2015-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828072311/http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/glim_mon.htm|archive-date=28 August 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=Frommers>{{Cite book|first1= Pippa | last1= de Bruyn|first2=Keith |last2=Bain |first3=David |last3=Allardice|first4=Shonar |last4=Joshi|title= Frommer's India|page=731|access-date=2010-05-10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qG-9cwHOcCIC&pg=PA731|publisher=Wiley|year= 2010|isbn=9780470645802}}</ref>

</references>

{{Buddhist monasteries in Sikkim}}
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in Sikkim|*]]
[[Category:Lists of Buddhist monasteries|Sikkim]]
[[Category:Lists of religious buildings and structures in India|Buddhist monasteries]]
[[Category:Sikkim-related lists|Buddhist monasteries]]

Nadaniyaan

2025-12-21T16:12:18Z

Ansuma Basumatary: fixed details for consistency for accuracy

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{About|the Hindi sitcom|the Hindi film|Nadaaniyan|the Pakistani sitcom|Nadaaniyaan}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Sitcom]]
| creator = [[BIG Magic]]
| inspired_by = [[Nadaniyan]]
| developer = [[Creative Eye Limited]]
| director = Bhupesh K. Kumar
| music = Abhijeet Hegdepatil KK
| creative_director = Shashank Shrivastava (Creative Eye) [[Paritosh Painter]] (Network)
| presenter = [[BIG Magic]]
| starring = [[Iqbal Azad]] [[Gunn Kansara]] Gaurav Sharma [[Baldev Trehan]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 3
| num_episodes = 538
| executive_producer = Priya Panchmatiya
| producer = Dheeraj Kumar (Creative Eye Productions)
Sagar Pictures
| editor = Lalit Tiwari, Rohit Singh
| location = [[Delhi]]
| runtime = 23 minutes
| company = [[Creative Eye Limited|Creative Eye Productions]]
Sagar Pictures
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2013|9|9}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2017|1|23}}
| channel = [[BIG Magic]]
}}

'''''Nadaniyaan''''' is a [[Hindi]] [[sitcom]] presented by [[BIG Magic]] and produced by [[Dheeraj Kumar]] and later produced by Sagar Pictures. An official adaption of the [[Pakistan]]i sitcom ''[[Nadaaniyaan]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign soap, desi lather |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-foreign-soap-desi-lather-1888762 |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> it stars [[Iqbal Azad]], [[Gunn Kansara]], Gaurav Sharma, Baldev Trehan, Samiksha Bhatt, [[Upasana Singh]], [[Alok Nath]], Jay Pathak, and [[Neelam Sivia]].

==Plot==
The story is about a family of four that lives in [[New Delhi]].

==Seasons==
The series had three seasons.
* Season 1 – Nadaniyaan (2013–2014)
* Season 2 – Uff! Yeh Nadaniyaan! (2014–2015)
* Season 3 – Total Nadaniyaan! (2015)
* Season 4 – Phir Yeh Nadaniyaan! (2016–2017)

==Cast==
{{cleanup|section|reason=Slashes should be replaced with clear prose, as they are ambiguous and inconsistent with [[WP:TVCAST]]. Cast should be ordered chronologically, with new cast members being added to the bottom of the list.|date=October 2020}}
*[[Iqbal Azad]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Iqbal Azad in 'Naadaaniyaan...'|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/news-ians/iqbal-azad-in-naadaaniyaan-113090300177_1.html|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=20 October 2020}}</ref> / Jay Pathak as Naman "Nandu" Verma: Nandu is a television writer and a full-time house husband who loves his wife Chandni and his younger brother Pushkar. Nandu is lazy and often mocked by his wife about his unemployment.
*[[Gunn Kansara]] / [[Neetha Shetty]] / Samiksha Bhatt as Chandani Verma "Chandu": Chandu is the matriarch of the Verma family and has a clerical job. She usually scolds Nandu & Pappu due to their lazy attitudes towards life.
*Gaurav Sharma as Pushkar "Pappu" Verma /Chota Don: The youngest member of Verma family who loves to flirt with girls wearing fake designer clothes in order display to others his sister-in-law's wealth.
*Baldev Trehan / Nithyanandam Ramachandra as Bhagwan Uncle :A troublesome neighbor who is always seen wandering on Nandu's lawn.He has two wives and claims to have 7 fathers. Having a chat with him is like intentionally going wanting to kill oneself - as felt by Pappu. Like Pappu, he likes to flirt with girls much younger than himself.
*[[Upasana Singh]] as Taravanti Verma: Nandu and Pappu's mother.
*[[Alok Nath]] as "Babuji", the deceased father of Nandu and Pappu, Alok Nath, portrayed as a "Sanskaari Bebuji" whose photo is prominently displayed on one of the drawing room walls and his portrait is often referred to by Pappu to emotionally blackmail his brother Nandu. This comic punch is used in the wake of Alok Nath's jokes that showed Nath as a "Sanskaari Babuji". Babuji currently accompanies them in a comic role.
*Garima Tiwari as Taniya : Chandu's Sister and Pappu 's love interest.
*[[Abhishek Verma (actor)|Abhishek Verma]] as Jasveer "Jassi" Singh, Jassi's brother
*[[Shalini Sahuta]] as Jasmeet "Jassi" Verma, Pappu's Wife
*Raja Jung Bahadur as Raja Jung Bahadur, Watchman
* [[Gajendra Chauhan]] as Mr. Chaddha, Secretary of society where Verma's live.
*Jaiprakash Lalwani as KitamKitu, Boss
* Zeba Hussain (bride)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|8387790}}
{{BIG Magic Programmes}}

[[Category:Indian television sitcoms]]
[[Category:Big Magic original programming]]
[[Category:Off-color humor]]
[[Category:2010s black comedy television series]]
[[Category:2010s satirical television series]]
[[Category:Indian satire]]
[[Category:Satirical television shows]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Non-Pakistani television series based on Pakistani television series]]

Kambhampadu, Pedakurapadu mandal

2025-11-24T05:57:25Z

Ansuma Basumatary: starting a info with sources - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kambhampadu
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =

| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|16.5078|N|79.4825|E|type_city_region:IN-AP|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 

| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = Macherla ( Macherla)

| government_footnotes = <ref name="panchayat">{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat Identification Codes |url=http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |website=Saakshar Bharat Mission |publisher=National Informatics Centre |accessdate=7 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173131/http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |archivedate=18 August 2017 |page=112 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = Kambhampadu [[gram panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =

| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Guntur |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |accessdate=18 May 2019 |pages=14,390 }}</ref>
| area_total_ha = 746

| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=668128 |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |accessdate=18 May 2019}}</ref>
| population_total = 1934
| population_density_km2 = auto

| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 522436
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = +91–8641
| registration_plate_type =
| registration_plate = AP
}}

'''Kambhampadu''' is a village in the [[Guntur district]] of the [[Indian state]] of Andhra Pradesh in Macherla [[mandal]] of Guntur revenue division.<ref name="census" />

== Government and politics ==

Kambhampadu [[gram panchayat]] is the [[Local self-government in India|local self-government]] of the village.<ref name="panchayat" /> It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDoppmCmeqUC&q=sarpanch|title=Citizen Participation in Rural Development|last=Seetharam|first=Mukkavilli|date=1990-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170992271|page=34|language=en}}</ref> The ward members are headed by a [[Sarpanch]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKEQxEtNR-AC&q=village%2520ward%2520member&pg=PA117|title=Social Science|publisher=Vk Publications|isbn=9788179732144|page=117|language=en}}</ref> The village forms a part of [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]] and is under the jurisdiction of [[APCRDA]].<ref name="apcrda">{{cite web |title=Declaration of A.P. Capital Region |url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14002014MAUD_MS253.PDF |website=[[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority]] |publisher=[[Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, Andhra Pradesh]] |accessdate=14 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511092238/https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14002014MAUD_MS253.PDF |archivedate=11 May 2019 |page=5 |url-status=dead |date=30 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Education ==

As of the academic year 2018–19, the village had two [[Mandal Parishad]] schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=School Information |url=https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |website=Commissionerate of School Education |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=7 May 2019 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416174708/https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of villages in Guntur district]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Guntur-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Villages in Guntur district]]

Duniya Suri

2025-11-17T15:04:57Z

Ansuma Basumatary:

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Duniya Suri
| image = SuriDirector.jpg
| caption = Suri writing a script in 2017
| birth_name = Suresh Ramaswamy
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Gottigere]], [[Bangalore]], India
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* [[Filmmaking|Filmmaker]]
* [[Art director]]
}}
| works = [[Duniya Soori#Filmography|Filmography]]
| other_names = Sukka Suri, Suri/Soori
| style ={{unbulleted list
|[[Crime films|Crime]]
|[[Drama]]
|[[Black comedy]]
|[[Action film|Action]]
}}
| yearsactive = 2002{{ndash}}present
| children = 1
| parents =
}}

'''Duniya Suri''', credited onscreen as '''Suri''' and also referred to as '''Sukka Suri,''' is an Indian movie director. He became known as Duniya Suri in the wake of the success of his debut movie ''[[Duniya (2007 film)|Duniya]]'', for which he won the 2006–2007 [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] in the Best Screenplay category.<ref>"{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100526092951/http://seattlekannadasangha.org/default.aspx "Duniya" - Kannada Movie]}}"</ref> Suri came to fame after the ''Duniya'' release, for its realistic style. The work brought a different dimension  to [[Kannada cinema]].

His second film ''[[Inthi Ninna Preethiya]]'' though critically acclaimed, performed poorly at the box office, while his next project ''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]'' was a greater critical and commercial success.<ref>"[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloids/second-time-unlucky-423 Second time unlucky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114052316/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloids/second-time-unlucky-423 |date=14 November 2010 }}". [[Deccan Chronicle]]. 6 November 2009.</ref> Recent projects include the film ''[[Jackie (2010 film)|Jackie]]'' with [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] which was declared the blockbuster of 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://qa-vm0.movies.in.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=108187 |title=Jackie celebrates 50 days |access-date=16 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718133709/http://qa-vm0.movies.in.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=108187 |archive-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was adjudged the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Kannada|Best Film of 2010]] at the [[Filmfare Awards South|South Filmfare Awards]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/The-glitter-the-gloss-the-razzmatazz-/articleshow/9083584.cms | title=The glitter, the gloss, the razzmatazz - South Filmfare Awards | date=3 July 2011 | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=18 August 2018 }}</ref> After the success of ''[[Jackie (2010 film)|Jackie]]'' in 2010, Suri teamed up with [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] again in ''[[Anna Bond]]'' which released on 1 May 2012 and broke all previous [[Sandalwood cinema|Sandalwood]] opening records.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101204072558/http://sify.com/movies/puneet-to-work-with-soori-news-kannada-kmdlAycebfh.html Puneet to work with Soori]</ref>

==Early life==
With a bachelor's degree in Visual Arts in 1999 from Kalamandira School of Arts - Bangalore, he extensively worked in visual arts, television and documentaries before getting the big break in his directorial debut film ‘Duniya’ in 2006. He started his own signboard business at an early age of 12 and successfully expanded his works to various parts of India through wall paintings, portraits, interior decoration, window displays and art reproduction works before deciding to pursue a degree in Visual Arts. His works in stage and art continued even during his Kalamandira days and as a reflection, his films are also well known for excellent art work.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.suricinema.com/ |title=Official website |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326103818/http://www.suricinema.com/ |archive-date=26 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''All films are in Kannada, otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Writer !! Story !! Producer !! Notes
|-
|2003 ||''[[Mani (Kannada film)|Mani]]'' ||{{no}} ||{{partial|Co-writer}} ||{{no}} || {{no}} ||
|-
| 2004 ||''[[Ranga SSLC]]'' ||{{no}} ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|-
|2006 ||''[[Suntaragaali]]'' ||{{partial|Co-director}} ||{{no}} ||{{no}} || {{no}} ||
|-
| 2007 ||''[[Duniya (2007 film)|Duniya]]''|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2008 ||''[[Inthi Ninna Preethiya]]''||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
| 2009 ||''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]''||{{yes}} || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2010 ||''[[Jackie (2010 film)|Jackie]]''||{{yes}} || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2012 ||''[[Anna Bond]]'' ||{{yes}} || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Kaddipudi]]''||{{yes}} || {{partial|Co-writer}} ||{{yes}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2015 ||''[[Kendasampige]]''||{{yes}} || {{partial|Co-writer}} ||{{no}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
| 2016 ||''[[Doddmane Hudga]]''||{{yes}} || {{partial|Co-writer}} ||{{yes}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Tagaru]]'' ||{{yes}} || {{yes}} ||{{partial|Co-writer}}||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2020 ||''[[Popcorn Monkey Tiger]] ''|| {{yes}} ||{{partial|Co-writer}} || {{yes}} ||{{no}}|| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/feb/13/behind-the-scenes-of-suris-popcorn-monkey-tiger-2102559.html|title=Behind the scenes of Suri's Popcorn Monkey Tiger|date=2020-02-13|work=New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Bad Manners (2023 film)|Bad Manners]]'' ||{{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}}||
|-
|TBA ||''[[Kage Bangara]]'' ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} || Filming; delayed
|-
| TBA ||''[[Silent Sunila]]''||{{yes}} || {{yes}} ||{{no}}||{{no}} ||co-writer: [[Agni Shridhar]] delayed

|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Award !! Category !! Result !!Ref.
|-
|2006-07 ||''[[Duniya (2007 film)|Duniya]]'' ||[[Karnataka State Film Awards]] ||[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] || {{won}} ||<ref>[http://www.altfg.com/blog/awards/kamataka-state-film-awards-2006-2007/ Karnataka State Film Awards – 2006-2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831085929/http://www.altfg.com/blog/awards/kamataka-state-film-awards-2006-2007/ |date=2011-08-31 }}</ref>
|-
|2008-09 || ''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]'' ||[[Karnataka State Film Awards]] ||[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] || {{won}} ||<ref>[http://info1778.blogspot.com/2011/05/state-film-awards-2008-09-karnataka.html INFORMATION: STATE FILM AWARDS 2008-09 (KARNATAKA)]</ref>
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Anna Bond]]'' ||[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|2nd SIIMA Awards]] ||[[SIIMA Award for Best Director - Kannada|SIIMA Best Director]] ||{{nom}} ||<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/stars-in-sharjah/article5128642.ece | title=Stars in Sharjah for 2nd SIIMA | work=The Hindu | access-date=15 September 2013 | author=Sudish Kamath| date=15 September 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|2019
|rowspan=2|''[[Tagaru]]''
|[[66th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]] ||[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]] || {{nom}} ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html|title=Nominations for the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019|website=[[Filmfare]]|access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|8th SIIMA Awards]] ||SIIMA Best Director || {{nom}} ||<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-awards-2019-heres-a-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/70287216.cms SIIMA Awards 2019: Here’s a complete list of nominees]</ref>
|-
|rowspan=1|2021
|rowspan=1|''[[Popcorn Monkey Tiger]]''
|[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]] ||[[SIIMA Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]] || {{nom}} ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Duniya Soori}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soori, Duniya}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Bengaluru]]

Jitendra Pandya

2025-11-03T09:40:58Z

Ansuma Basumatary: starting new stub more to come - done

{{Short description|MLA from Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}

'''Jitendra Uday Singh Pandya''' (born 1976)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jitendra Uday Singh Pandya(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- BADNAGAR(UJJAIN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/MadhyaPradesh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=20 |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]]. He is an MLA from [[Badnagar Assembly constituency]] in [[Ujjain district|Ujjain District]]. He won the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Badnagar Constituency Election Results 2023: Badnagar Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/badnagar |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Badnagar assembly election results 2023: Badnagar Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/badnagar-assembly-result-12218 |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Badnagar Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Badnagar Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/badnagar-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Pandya is from [[Badnagar|Barnagar]], Ujjain District, Madhya Pradesh. He is the son of three-time MLA, Uday Singh Pandya. He passed Class 12 in 1996 at Government Boys’ Higher Secondary School, Barnagar and later discontinued his studies.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Pandya won from Badnagar Assembly constituency representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 80,728 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Murli Morwal of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 36,693 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=hindi |title=jitendra uday singh pandya madhya-pradesh jitendra-uday-singh-pandya-badnagar candidate Profile, Candidates Net Worth, Education News {{!}} ABP News |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/jitendra-uday-singh-pandya-madhya-pradesh-badnagar-candidate-profile.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Badnagar Election Results 2023 {{!}} Madhya Pradesh Election Results {{!}} Elections 2023 - http://NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2023/badnagar |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Badnagar Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Jitendra Uday Singh Pandya Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/badnagar-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687274.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandya, Jitendra}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]

Ayar

2025-10-07T14:44:25Z

Ansuma Basumatary: Put Up First Pg Needs Work

{{Wikt|ayar|Iyer}}

'''Ayar''' may refer to:

*Ayyar, a lunar month in the [[Arabic names of calendar months|Arabic calendar]], corresponding to Iyar in the Hebrew calendar, and May in the Gregorian calendar

==Persons==
*[[Ayar Cachi]], Incan mythological figure
*[[Mulu Ayar Bera]], Indian politician
*[[Kaan Ayar]] (born 1995), Turkish swimmer

==Places==
*Ayar River or [[Ahar River]], a tributary of the Berach River

==Other uses==
*[[Ayar (Mandaean month)]]

==See also==
*[[Ayyar (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iyar (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iyengar (disambiguation)]]
*[[Ayer (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iyer]] (also spelled Iyar, Ayar, Ayyar or Ayer), a Hindu Brahmin community from India
*[[Konar (caste)]], also known as Ayar and Idaiyar, an ethnic group from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu

{{disambig|surname}}

New Maynaguri railway station

2025-10-02T19:38:45Z

Ansuma Basumatary: enhance information per standard format based on references

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = New Maynaguri Junction
| type = [[Indian Railways]] [[junction station]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = New Maynaguri Railway Station by Tirtha.jpg
| image_caption = One of the platforms of New Maynaguri Junction railway station
| address = Station Road, Maynaguri, [[Jalpaiguri district]], [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.5784|88.8228|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|86|m|ft}}
| line =
*[[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]]
*[[Barauni–Guwahati line]]
*[[New Mal–Changrabandha–New Cooch Behar line]]
*New Maynaguri–Jogighopa line
| other =
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| platform = 3
| tracks =
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = NMX
| zone = NFR
| division = {{rwd|Alipurduar}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| status =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_dot_label =
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=Northeast Frontier Railway zone|left=New Domohani|right=Betgara|type=[[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]]}}
}}
{{New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section|collapse=y}}
'''New Maynaguri railway station''' is one of two railway stations which serve [[Mainaguri]] in the [[Jalpaiguri district]] of West Bengal, the other being [[Maynaguri Road Railway Station]]. The station lies on the [[New Mal–Changrabandha–New Cooch Behar line]] and [[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]] of [[Barauni–Guwahati line]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway]]. The station lies on [[Alipurduar railway division]].

==Trains==
Major trains:
*[[Nagaon Express|Chennai Tambaram - Silghat Town Nagaon Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chennai Egmore-Silghat Town Nagaon Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-nagaon-express-15629/583/779/546|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Sealdah–Agartala Kanchenjunga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Agartala Kanchanjunga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-agartala-sealdah-kanchanjunga-festival-special-03174/129105/3651/325|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Sealdah–Silchar Kanchenjunga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Silchar Kanchanjunga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kanchanjunga-express-13175/40941/325/1053|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Kamrup Express|Dibrugarh-Howrah Kamrup Express via Guwahati]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Howrah Kamrup Express via Guwahati|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-special-via-guwahati-05959/128197/1/7288|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Kamrup Express|Dibrugarh–Howrah Kamrup Express Via Rangapara North]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Howrah Kamrup Express via Rangapara North|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-express-via-rangapara-north-15961/161111/1/7288|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=3 September 2022|archive-date=15 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615151954/http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-express-via-rangapara-north-15961/161111/1/7288|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Teesta Torsha Express|Sealdah-New Alipurdiar Teesta Torsha Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teesta Torsha Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-teesta-torsa-express-13141/1622/325/550|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Brahmaputra Mail|Delhi-Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Mail]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Delhi Brahmaputra Mail|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-brahmaputra-mail-15955/225/7288/349|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Uttar Banga Express|Sealdah-Bamanhat Uttar Banga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Bamanhat Uttar Banga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-uttar-banga-express-13147/1185/325/551|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[New Jalpaiguri - Bongaigaon Express]]<ref> {{Cite web|title=New Jalpaiguri Bongaigaon Express |url=https://runningstatus.in/status/15703|website=runningstatus in}} </ref>

==Accident==
On 13 th January 2022, Thursday, train number 15633 [[Bikaner–Guwahati Express]], travelling from [[Bikaner Junction railway station|Bikaner Junction]] to [[Guwahati railway station]] got derailed between [[New Domohani railway station|New Damohani]] and [[Maynaguri train accident|New Maynaguri]] railway station near [[Siliguri]] in [[West Bengal]] at around 4:30pm in the evening.<ref> {{Cite web|title=Breaking news live updates: Death toll rises to 5 in Bikaner-Guwahati train accident|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bikaner-guwahati-express-derailed/liveblog/88866497.cms|website=timesofindia.com}} </ref>
<ref> {{cite web|title=Death toll rises to 7 as Bikaner-Guwahati Express train derails in Bengal's Jalpaiguri|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/guwahati-patna-bikaner-express-derails-jalpaiguri-1899696-2022-01-13|website=indiatoday.in}}</ref>

==The railway station==
New Maynaguri railway station is at an elevation of {{convert|86|m|ft}} and was assigned the code NMX.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/new-maynaguri-nmx/2201|title= New Maynaguri railway station | publisher =indiarailinfo.com | access-date= 6 August 2014}}</ref>

==History==
Construction of the {{convert|265|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}-long {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] Siliguri–Jogihopa line, between 1963 and 1965, created broad-gauge railway links in North Bengal and Assam.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v21-4YYgocUC&q=Muri-Chandrapura+line&pg=PA60 |title = Transport Geography of India: Commodity Flow and the Regional Structure of Indian Economy| page=60|author= Moonis Raza & Yash Aggarwal|year = 1986|publisher= Concept Publishing Company, A-15/16 Commercial Block, Mohan Garden, New Delhi – 110059| isbn = 81-7022-089-0|access-date = 6 August 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/new-maynaguri-nmx/2201 Trains at New Maynaguri]

[[Category:Railway stations in Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Alipurduar railway division]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

Dewar (caste)

2025-09-19T20:36:08Z

Ansuma Basumatary: general added page as per guidelines further and improved wording as per guidelines

{{Short description|Scheduled caste of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
The '''Dewar''' (Dhibara) are a [[scheduled caste]] from the [[India]]n states of [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. They are fishing communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caste and Religions of Natal Immigrants (1860- ) by K. Chetty |url=https://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/SHIP/CasteFinal.htm |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=scnc.ukzn.ac.za}}</ref>

==Subgroups==
They are said to be the following{{Clarify|reason=Are these sub-castes of Dewar?|date=September 2025}}:<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&q=Dhibara&pg=PA94 |title = Family Planning|isbn = 9788131303528|last1 = Pati|first1 = Rabindra Nath|year = 2008| publisher=APH }}</ref>
*[[Jalia Kaibarta|Keuta]] (Kaibartha)
*[[Niari|Nialis]]
*Rarhis
*Machhua
*Siuli
*Kedar
*Gunduri
*Girigiria
*Malha
*Nauri

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Scheduled Castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Fishing castes]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Indian castes by profession]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Indian Moors

2025-08-21T16:07:42Z

Ansuma Basumatary: added a pg!

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Indian Moors
|population = 27,400 (1971)<ref name=pop />
|region1 =
|pop1 =
|ref1 =
|region2 =
|pop2 =
|ref2 =
|region3 =
|pop3 =
|ref3 =
|region4 =
|pop4 =
|ref4 =
|languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Arwi]], [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], [[Arabic]]{{#tag:ref|(extinct)|group="N"}}
|religions = [[Islam]]
|related = {{Hlist|[[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]]|[[Tamils]]|[[Sri Lankan Moors]]|[[Tamil Muslims]]}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Indian Moors''' were a grouping of people who existed in [[Sri Lanka]] predominantly during its [[British Ceylon|colonial period]]. They were distinguished by their [[Muslims|Muslim]] faith whose origins traced back to the [[British Raj]]. Therefore, Indian Moors refer to a number of ethnic groups such as [[Memons in Sri Lanka|Memons]], [[Musta'li Ismailism|Bohra]] and [[Khoja]]. These groups tended to retain their own ancestral practices and language.<ref name=Nubin>{{cite book|last1=Nubin|first1=Walter|title=Sri Lanka: Current Issues and Historical Background|date=2002|publisher=Nova Publishers|location=New York|isbn=1-59033-573-2|page=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iudi2JJLaUAC&q=Indian+Moors+in+Sri+Lanka&pg=PA147|access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> However the largest specific group were [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Tamils]] from [[South India]].<ref name=everyculture>{{cite web|title=Moor of Sri Lanka|url=http://www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Moor-of-Sri-Lanka.html|website=Everyculture|access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref>

Indian Moors shared a similar history to [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]], however due to their decline and smaller numbers the Indian Moors have either returned to India or have declared themselves as being classified as [[Sri Lankan Moors]].

==History==

===Origins===
The Indian Moors trace their origins back to immigrants in search of business opportunities during the [[British Ceylon|British colonial period]], however some can trace their origins as far back as [[Portuguese Ceylon|Portuguese times]]. They came from various parts of [[India]].<ref name="Country Studies">{{cite web|title=Muslims|url=http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/38.htm|website=Country Studies|access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> Indian Moors have a similar history to that of the [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]]. These people served primarily as plantation labor during the 125 years preceding the independence of Sri Lanka in 1948. Though they did not sever their connections with the land of their birth.

In 1930, the [[Government of India|Indian Government]] imposed a ban on the emigration of unskilled Indian labor to Sri Lanka. The country's own immigrants Act of 1948, restricted entry into Sri Lanka only to those who had already been in Sri Lanka and held valid travel documents. With respect to the status and future of the Indian immigrants in Sri Lanka, an agreement had already been reached between the two countries and had been implemented as the following by the date of 30 October 1964: —<ref>The Population of Sri Lanka, pp. 2.</ref>

*(a) 300,000 of the Indian immigrants of Sri Lanka with their natural increase will be granted Citizenship in Sri Lanka over a period of 15 years from the date of Agreement
*(b) Government of India will accept 525,000 and their natural increase over a period of 15 years from the date of the Agreement, and
*(c) the status and position of the balance will be the subject of a separate agreement to be concluded at a later date.

===Decline===
In 1971, Indian Moors numbered 29,416 declining from 55,400 in 1963. Their decline was partly due to much of the population returning to [[India]] and some declaring themselves and being enumerated as Sri Lankan Moors.<ref name=pop46>The Population of Sri Lanka, pp. 46.</ref> The presently remaining population have been categorized as "others" in the Sri Lankan census, since 1981, due to their small numbers.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote = Note: {{#tag:ref|Prior to 1911 Indian Moors were included with [[Sri Lankan Moors]]. After 1971 they were included with Others.|group="N"}} Source:Data is based on [[Sri Lankan Government]] Census.<ref name=pop>{{cite web|title=Population by ethnic group, census years|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.10.pdf|website=web|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|access-date=2 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808035544/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract%202013/CHAP2/2.10.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref>
|1881 |
|1891 |
|1901 |
|1911 | 32700
|1921 | 33000
|1931 | 36300
|1946 | 35600
|1953 | 47500
|1963 | 55400
|1971 | 27400
|1981 |
|2001 |
|2012 |
}}

===Population===
With the beginning of the Sri Lankan Censuses by the British administration, population and ethnicity was conducted using the term "Nationality" until 1901. The Census Reports classified the population into seven groups viz. Europeans, Sinhalese, Tamils, Moors, Malays, Veddahs and others. From the 1911 onwards "Nationality" was replaced with the word "race", and it had recognition in all official and unofficial records. At the 1881 Census, Moors numbered 184,500 which increased to 228,000 in the 1901 Census.<ref name=pop43>The Population of Sri Lanka, pp. 43.</ref>

The 1911 Census separated the Tamils into [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Ceylon Tamils]] and [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamils]] and the Moors into [[Sri Lankan Moors|Ceylon Moors]] and Indian Moors.<ref name=pop43 /> This was due to the influx of Indian Laborers, that comprised both Moors and Tamils, into the plantation regions of Sri Lanka, who had to be distinguished separately.<ref name=pop46 />

By 1971, Indian Moors numbered 29,416, declining from 55,400 in 1963. The Indian Moors were the only other ethnic group besides the Indian Tamils which had declined from the previous Census figure. Their decline was partly due to their returning to India and others declaring themselves and being enumerated as Sri Lankan Moors.<ref name=pop46 />

Indian Moors were mostly found in the [[Colombo District|Colombo]] and [[Kandy District]]s. With more than 75% of the Indian Moors found in Colombo District situated in [[Colombo]] city.<ref name=pop46 />

===Ethnic groups===
The Indian Moors was a collective of ethnic groups, identified by their Islamic faith and similar geographic origin. The Largest of those groups being [[Tamils]] from [[South India]]. Others included the [[Memons in Sri Lanka|Memons]], originally from [[Sindh|Sind]] (in modern [[Pakistan]]), who first arrived in 1870; in the 1980s they numbered only about 3,000. The Bohra and the [[Khoja]] came from [[Gujarat]], [[India]] after 1880; in the 1980s they collectively numbered fewer than 2,000.<ref name="Country Studies" />

==Religion==
{{main|Islam in Sri Lanka}}

Indian Moors are predominantly followers of [[Islam]], hence their cultural identity being defined by their religion. Most Indian Moor groups follow [[Sunni Islam]], with the exception of the [[Sulaymani|Bohras]], who are Shiites.<ref name=everyculture />

==See also==
* [[Indians in Sri Lanka]]
* [[Memons in Sri Lanka]]
* [[Sri Lankan Moors]]
* [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]]
* [[Islam in Sri Lanka]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=N}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=The Population of Sri Lanka|year=1974|publisher=C.I.C.R.E.D. Series|location=Moors|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c46.pdf|archive-date=2014-07-01|access-date=2014-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701070027/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c46.pdf|url-status=dead}}

{{Immigration to Sri Lanka}}
{{British Ceylon period topics}}

[[Category:Sri Lankan people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan people of Pakistani descent]]
[[Category:Islam in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Muslims]]