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Shot Boot Three

2023-10-09T05:04:10Z

AnnisMatthews: Created page with ''''''Shot Boot Three''''' is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama film written, directed and produced by Arun Vaidyanathan. The film stars Sneha and Venkat Prabhu with Yogi Babu, Sivaangi Krishnakumar, Poovaiyar, Praniti, Kailash Heet and Vedanth Vasanth in supporting roles. {{Infobox film | name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption =...'

{{Infobox film
| name = Shot Boot Three
| image = Shot Boot Three.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Arun Vaidyanathan]]
| producer = Arun Vaidyanathan
| writer = Arun Vaidyanathan
| screenplay = {{ubl| Anand Raghav
| Arun Vaidyanathan}}
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]
* [[Venkat Prabhu]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Rajhesh Vaidhya]]
| cinematography = Sudarshan Srinivasan
| editing = Barath Vikraman
| studio = Universe Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2023|10|6|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Shot Boot Three''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[children's film]] written, directed and produced by [[Arun Vaidyanathan]]. The film stars [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] and [[Venkat Prabhu]] with [[Yogi Babu]], [[Sivaangi Krishnakumar]], [[Poovaiyar]], [[Praniti]], Kailash Heet and Vedanth Vasanth in supporting roles.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date= October 2023}}

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] as Shyamala
* [[Venkat Prabhu]] as Swaminathan
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Thala Kumar
* [[Sivaangi Krishnakumar]] as Pet Revathi
* [[Poovaiyar]] as Ramana
* [[Praniti]] as Pallavi
* Kailash Heet as Kailash
* Vedanth Vasanth as Ballu
* [[Delhi Ganesh]]
* [[Arun Vaidyanathan]] as Dr. Shekar
* [[Kavithalayaa Krishnan]]
}}

== Production ==
The film was announced in September 2021 with the working title ''Shot Boot 3''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Venkat Prabhu and Sneha to star in Shot Boot 3 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/sep/21/venkat-prabhu-and-sneha-to-star-in-shot-boot-3-26782.amp |website=Cinema Express |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009041550/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/sep/21/venkat-prabhu-and-sneha-to-star-in-shot-boot-3-26782.amp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sneha and Venkat Prabhu pair up for Arunachalam Vaidyanathan's Shot Boot 3 |url=https://www.timesofindia.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sneha-and-venkat-prabhu-pair-up-for-arunachalam-vaidyanathans-shot-boot-3/amp_articleshow/86250489.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 October 2023 |date=16 September 2021}}</ref>
The cinematography of the film was by Sudarshan Srinivasan, and the editing was handled by Barath Vikraman.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trailer of Shot Boot Three is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/sep/21/trailer-of-shot-boot-three-is-here-47832.amp |website=Cinema Express |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009041557/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/sep/21/trailer-of-shot-boot-three-is-here-47832.amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Music ==
The music for the film was composed by [[Rajhesh Vaidhya]].

== Release ==
The film was released on 6 October 2023.

== Reception ==
Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "A heart-warming tale for kids."<ref>{{cite web |title=Shot Boot Three Movie Review: A heart-warming tale for kids |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/shot-boot-three/movie-review/104250794.cms?from=mdr |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008133051/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/shot-boot-three/movie-review/104250794.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Narayani M of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave it 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Shot Boot Three'' may not be a film where you would hoot, cheer and whistle for the characters or throw confetti at. But director Arunachalam Vaidyanathan gives us a story that leaves us all warm and fuzzy as the credits roll."<ref>{{cite web |title=Shot Boot Three Movie Review: A sweet film that falls short of becoming a wholesome entertainer |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/oct/06/shot-boot-three-movie-review-a-sweet-film-that-falls-short-of-becoming-a-wholesome-entertainer-48351.html |website=Cinema Express |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008193602/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/oct/06/shot-boot-three-movie-review-a-sweet-film-that-falls-short-of-becoming-a-wholesome-entertainer-48351.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt21370972}}

[[Category:2020s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 drama films]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:2023 comedy-drama films]]

Fighter (2023 film)

2023-10-08T06:02:23Z

AnnisMatthews:

{{Short description|Indian Kannada-language action film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Fighter
| image =
| caption =
| director = Nuthan Umesh
| writer = Nuthan Umesh
| producer = Kattigenahalli Somashekar
| starring = {{Plain list|
* [[Vinod Prabhakar]]
* Lekha Chandra
* [[Paavana Gowda]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Shekar Chandra]]
| editing = KM Prakash
| music = [[Gurukiran]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|09|22|ref1= }}
| studio =
| distributor =
| runtime = 112 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

''''' Fighter''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action film]] written and directed by Nuthan Umesh and produced by Kattigenahalli Somashekar. The film stars [[Vinod Prabhakar]], Lekha Chandra, and [[Paavana Gowda]] in lead roles.<ref name="IExpress01">{{Cite web |title=Vinod Prabhakar’s 'Fighter' set for an October release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2023/sep/16/vinod-prabhakars-fighter-set-for-an-october-release-2615263.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="cinemaexpress-01">{{Cite web |title=Vinod Prabhakar takes on a fresh avatar in Fighter|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/aug/29/vinod-prabhakar-takes-on-a-fresh-avatar-in-fighter-47066.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bmirror01">{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2023 |title=Fighter’s teaser has got fans excited |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/fighters-teaser-has-got-fans-excited/articleshow/103147421.cms |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> The film was theatrically released on {{Date|06 October 2023}}.<ref name="IExpress01"/><ref name="cinemaexpress-01"/>

== Cast ==

* [[Vinod Prabhakar]] as Mohak
* Lekha Chandra as Vismaya
* [[Paavana Gowda]]
* [[Nirosha]] as Mohak's mother
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]]
* Rajesh Nataranga
* K.S. Sridhar
* [[Kuri Prathap]]
* Pavan

== Music ==

The songs and background score are composed by [[Gurukiran]].<ref name="IExpress01"/>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "''Fight for Organic Farming'' is a well-rounded commercial film that addresses important social issues while
delivering entertainment through action, drama, and comedy. Director Nuthan Umesh’s storytelling skills and Vinod’s action stunts make this film a one-time watch for audiences who appreciate films that seamlessly blend action with social messages".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/oct/07/fighter-movie-review-exploring-new-frontiers-in-fight-against-graft-2621486.html|title='Fighter' movie review: Exploring new frontiers in fight against graft|date=7 October 2023|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The script, though, moves from one aspect of the topic to the other minus the required flow, thereby failing to keep the interest of the audience. The story does not offer much scope for performance for any of the other cast members to perform".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/fighter/movie-review/104213709.cms|title=Fighter Movie Review : Fighter movie review: Fighter: A run-of-the-mill story about one man's quest to literally fight for justice|date=6 October 2023|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt28793099}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2020s Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2023 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 crime action films]]
[[Category:2023 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]

KBD Juniors

2023-10-07T18:07:46Z

AnnisMatthews:

'''KBD Juniors''' is an Indian [[kabaddi]] competition for school children organised by [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]], the broadcast partner for [[Pro Kabaddi League]] (PKL).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Viswanath |first=G. |date=2017-08-10 |title=KBD Juniors a hit among schoolchildren |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/kbd-juniors-a-hit-among-schoolchildren/article19466165.ece |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> Three annual seasons have been held so far, starting in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2018-08-28 |title=288 schools to compete in KBD Juniors - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/288-schools-to-compete-in-kbd-juniors/ |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-20 |title=PKL: Young guns ready to show firepower again |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/pro-kabaddi-league/pkl-young-guns-ready-to-show-firepower-again/articleshow/70302104.cms |access-date=2023-10-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Format ==
Teams are drawn from the schools in each of the Indian cities which has a PKL team.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-10-28 |title=KBD Juniors: Competition to catch them young |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/pro-kabaddi-league/kbd-juniors-competition-to-catch-them-young/articleshow/61283265.cms |access-date=2023-10-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Teams aim to be champions within their own city so that they can advance to the national stage of the competition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=migrator |date=2018-08-31 |title=KBD Juniors qualifiers kick off |url=https://www.dtnext.in/sports/2018/08/30/kbd-juniors-qualifiers-kick-off |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref>

Thousands of students participate in each edition.<ref>[https://thesouthasiantimes.info/288-schools-to-compete-in-kbd-juniors/ 288 schools to compete in KBD Juniors] https://thesouthasiantimes.info/</ref>

=== Rules ===
Empty raids (raids where no points are scored) are not allowed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=VIVO Pro Kabaddi and KBD Juniors helping revive the sport |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/news/vivo-pro-kabaddi-and-kbd-juniors-helping-revive-the-sport |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=vivo Pro Kabaddi League |language=en}}</ref>

== Results ==
South Point World School from Sonepat defeated Jeppiaar School 34–31 in the final of Season 1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Sonepat’s South Point World School crowned KBD Juniors national champions |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/news/sonepats-south-point-world-school-crowned-kbd-juniors-national-champions |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=vivo Pro Kabaddi League |language=en}}</ref>

Sri Adishakti Higher Primary School defeated Delhi Public School 38–18 in the final of Season 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adishakti school win KBD Juniors Bengaluru leg |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=541503 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

Mount Litera Zee School, Patna defeated Mother Khazani Public School, Delhi 42–32 in the final of Season 3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Release |first=Press |date=2019-10-20 |title=Mount Litera Zee School from Patna are the national winners of KBD Juniors 2019 |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/mount-litera-zee-school-from-patna-are-the-national-winners-of-kbd-juniors-2019 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Kabaddi competitions in India]]

Kho Kho Federation of India

2023-10-06T18:54:34Z

AnnisMatthews:

The '''Kho Kho Federation of India''' ('''KKFI''') is the national governing body for [[Kho kho|kho-kho]] in India. [[Sudhanshu Mittal]] is the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-05 |title=Sudhanshu Mittal re-elected as President of Kho Kho Federation of India |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sudhanshu-mittal-reelected-as-president-of-kho-kho-federation-of-india-1625490936-1 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref>

[[Ultimate Kho Kho]] (UKK), a franchise-based Indian kho-kho league,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Varuni |date=2023-01-17 |title=Ultimate Kho Kho S1 claims total reach of 41 million viewers from India |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/news/ultimate-kho-kho-s1-claims-total-reach-of-41-million-viewers-from-india-11673930091871.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> is hosted in collaboration with KKFI,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Varuni |date=2023-01-17 |title=Ultimate Kho Kho S1 claims total reach of 41 million viewers from India |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/news/ultimate-kho-kho-s1-claims-total-reach-of-41-million-viewers-from-india-11673930091871.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> with KKFI having chosen the players for the initial season's draft.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash,DHNS |first=Hita |title=Ballari labourer’s son basking in limelight |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/ballari-labourer-s-son-basking-in-limelight-1139204.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Several changes were made to the format of kho-kho played in UKK by KKFI, with an overall goal of modernising the sport.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayanan |first=Abhishek Saini & Lavanya Lakshmi |date=2022-09-17 |title=Ultimate Kho Kho — Welcome revival or departure from roots? |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/ultimate-kho-kho-2022-ukk-odisha-juggernauts-telugu-yoddhas-pune-maharashtra/article65898347.ece |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> KKFI has also changed kho-kho at the national level, where the game is now played on matted surfaces.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-30 |title=Rising from hamlets, these kho kho Maha champs dream big |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/rising-from-hamlets-these-kho-kho-maha-champs-dream-big/story-aSAAPef6gOSkAWRAFdMcQJ.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

KKFI has targeted [[Northeast India]] as a place for potential expansion of kho-kho,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2023-04-02 |title=Kho kho is developing very fast: Sudhanshu Mittal - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/local-sports/kho-kho-is-developing-very-fast-sudhanshu-mittal-643648 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref> and is aiming to add a UKK team in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gani |first=Abdul |date=2023-03-15 |title=Kho Kho Federation of India to request NE states to include the game in schools |url=https://assamtribune.com/sports/kho-kho-federation-of-india-to-request-ne-states-to-include-the-game-in-schools-1467135 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baparnash |first=Tridib |date=2023-03-16 |title=Making efforts to have a NE team in Ultimate Kho Kho: Mittal |url=http://www.eastmojo.com/assam/2023/03/16/making-efforts-to-have-a-ne-team-in-ultimate-kho-kho-mittal/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref> It is also involved in promoting kho-kho internationally in order to get it included in events like the [[Asian Games]].<ref>[https://olympics.com/en/news/kho-kho-asian-games-2026-indian-olympic-association IOA hopes to have kho kho included in the Asian Games roster] https://olympics.com/</ref> and collaborated with the [[Kho Kho Federation of England]] to organise an International Kho Kho Cup in 2018.<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/sports/news-detail-634616 Indigenous kho kho goes international] https://www.tribuneindia.com/ Vinayak Padmadeo</ref> KKFI also organised the 4th edition of the Asian Kho Kho Championship in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Press Trust of |date=2023-03-13 |title=Asian Kho Kho championship in Assam from March 20 |url=http://www.eastmojo.com/assam/2023/03/13/asian-kho-kho-championship-in-assam-from-march-20/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2023-03-23 |title=Indian men, women bag 4th Asian Kho Kho titles |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/indian-men-women-bag-4th-asian-kho-kho-titles/article66653371.ece |access-date=2023-10-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Kho-Kho]]

Asian Kho Kho Championship

2023-10-06T18:34:24Z

AnnisMatthews: Created page with 'The '''Asian Kho Kho Championship''' is an international kho-kho tournament for Asian countries. Four editions have been held so far: three in India, and one in Bangladesh.<ref>[https://olympics.com/en/news/kho-kho-asian-games-2026-indian-olympic-association IOA hopes to have kho kho included in the Asian Games roster] https://olympics.com/</ref> == Results == The first edition of the tournament was held in Kolkata, India in 1996, and was contested...'

The '''Asian Kho Kho Championship''' is an international [[kho-kho]] tournament for Asian countries. Four editions have been held so far: three in India, and one in Bangladesh.<ref>[https://olympics.com/en/news/kho-kho-asian-games-2026-indian-olympic-association IOA hopes to have kho kho included in the Asian Games roster] https://olympics.com/</ref>

== Results ==
The first edition of the tournament was held in [[Kolkata]], India in 1996, and was contested by 5 teams. India defeated Bangladesh in the final.<ref name=":0">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301201438_A_Comparative_study_of_Aerobic_and_Anaerobic_Capacity_of_intervarsity_level_Kho-Kho_and_kabaddi_Players A Comparative study of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity of intervarsity level Kho-Kho and kabaddi Players] https://www.researchgate.net/ Dr. T. Onima Reddy</ref>

The second edition was contested by 7 teams and took place in [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh in 2000.<ref name=":0" />

India won in both the men's and women's category in the 3rd edition in 2016, hosted in [[Indore]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-10 |title=Indore: Indian teams clinch Asian Kho Kho championship title |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/indore-indian-teams-clinch-asian-kho-kho-championship-title/story-mWqoWV3Hq4kFzgeQ6YZOlO.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

The fourth edition was hosted in [[Assam]], India, and both the men's and women's categories were won by India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2023-03-23 |title=Indian men, women bag 4th Asian Kho Kho titles |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/indian-men-women-bag-4th-asian-kho-kho-titles/article66653371.ece |access-date=2023-10-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> 10 countries participated,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=Indian men, women emerge Asian kho kho champions |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/indian-men-women-emerge-asian-kho-kho-champions-8515378/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and it was hosted by the [[Kho Kho Federation of India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2023-03-23 |title=Indian men, women bag 4th Asian Kho Kho titles |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/indian-men-women-bag-4th-asian-kho-kho-titles/article66653371.ece |access-date=2023-10-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Ultimate Kho Kho]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Kho-Kho]]

Northland, Singapore

2023-10-06T03:49:04Z

AnnisMatthews:

{{refimprove|date=October 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Northland
| settlement_type = [[Planning Areas of Singapore|Subzone]] of [[Yishun|Yishun, Singapore]]
| translit_lang1 = Others
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{Lang|zh-hans|北地区}} {{font|size=70%|([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]])}}
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Malay language|Malay]]
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{lang|ms|Tanah Utara}}
| translit_lang1_type3 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| translit_lang1_info3 = {{lang|ta|வடமண்}} <br>''Vaṭamaṇ'' {{font|size=70%|([[ISO 15919|Transliteration]])}}
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Singapore}}
| leader_title = Member of Parliament
| leader_name = [[Louis Ng]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pap.org.sg/representative/louis-ng/|title=Carrie Tan Huimin}}</ref>
| subdivision_name1 = Yishun
| subdivision_type1 = Town
}}

'''Northland, Singapore''' is a subzone of [[Yishun]], [[Singapore]]. It is bounded by Yishun Industrial Park A to the north, Yishun Central to the south, Yishun Avenue 8/9 to the east, and Yishun Avenue 2 to the west.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/singapore/admin/yishun/40804__northland/|title=Northland, Singapore}}</ref>. The name “Northland” is likely to have been named after Northland Secondary School, which is located within the Northland subzone.

==Amenities==

===Places of Worship===

====Chinese Temples====

* Hock Huat Keng Combined Temple (福发宫) — Hup Choon Kek Hock Huat Keng (合春格福发宫), Tian Hock Dian (天福殿) & Tiow Hoon Tien (朝云殿)

* Yishun United Temple (义顺镇联合庙) — Guan Loong Sheng Temple (元龍聖廟), Chern Nam Kong Siew Temple (镇南庙广寿堂) & Soon Say Keng Reservoir Tua Pek Kong (顺西宫水池林)

====Hindu Temples====

* Holy Tree Sri Balasubramaniar Temple

* Sri Veeramuthu Muneeswarar Temple

==Educational Institutions==

There are 2 primary schools and 2 secondary schools in Northland, Singapore

===Primary Schools===

* Chongfu School

* Xishan Primary School

===Secondary Schools===

* Northland Secondary School

* [[Yishun Town Secondary School]]

==Recreational==

Yishun Neighbourhood Park, a small park in Northland, Singapore is bounded by Yishun Avenue 2/7 and Yishun Street 22. It features an open lawn for picnics and facilities such as fitness corner and playgrounds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/parks-and-nature-reserves/yishun-neighbourhood-park|title=Yishun Neighbourhood Park — NParks}}</ref>

==Industrial Park==

Yishun Industrial Park is a small industrial park situated between Yishun Avenue 6/7 which comprises some well known companies such as Murata, Philips Lumileds, Avago Technologies, ATS and many other smaller companies. Commercial buildings such as Northpoint Bizhub, North Spring Bizhub and North View Bizhub can be found at the Yishun Industrial Park. It can be reached by Bus service 811 from [[Yishun Bus Interchange]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Geography of Singapore]]

Dashama Vrat

2023-09-17T11:33:29Z

AnnisMatthews:

{{Short description|An annual Vrat}}
{{Infobox holiday
| type = Hindu
| holiday_name = Dashama Vrat
| image = File:Dashamaa Vart 2023.jpg
| alt = Dashamaa Vrat 2023 Leicester
| official_name = Dashama Nu Vrat
| observedby = [[Hindu]]s
| begins = [[Amavasya]] of [[Ashadha]]
| ends = 10 days after
| date =
| month = [[July]]-[[August]]
| duration = 10 Days
| frequency = Annual
}}
'''Dashama Vrat''' ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]:દશામા વ્રત) is an annual 10-day [[Hindu festival]] or [[Vrata|vrat]] (religious vow), mainly observed in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |title=Dashama Vrat 2023 : Story , Significance , Dates |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2023/07/17/dashama-vrat-2023-story-significance-dates/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref> This vrat is usually observed in July-August on the [[amavasya]] (new moon day) of the Hindu month of [[Ashadha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sawan 2023 festivals full calendar: Hariyali Teej, Raksha Bandhan to Janmashtami; dates of 12 major fasts and festivals |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/festivals/sawan-2023-festivals-full-calendar-hariyali-teej-raksha-bandhan-to-janmashtami-dates-of-12-major-fasts-and-festivals-101688985659656.html |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Many people also observe the vrat in the month of [[Chaitra]] (March). The vrat is dedicated to the goddess Dashama or [[Momai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dashama Vrat 2023 Date- દશામા વ્રત ક્યારે છે- WD Lite |url=https://gujarati.webdunia.com/article/shravan-month/dashama-vrat-2023-date-dashama-vrat-2023-123062000020_1.html |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=gujarati.webdunia.com |language=Gujarati}}</ref> The vrat is mainly observed by women for prosperity and good fortune of their family.<ref>{{Cite news |title=For ritual, these girls sit on floor to study |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/for-ritual-these-girls-sit-on-floor-to-study/articleshow/4831610.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Legend ==
The ''Vrat Katha'' (the story of the vrat) is associated with a king who faces misfortune due to the rejection of the vrat. There was an arrognat king, however his wife was devout. Once, she saw a group of women performing rituals at a river bank near the palace. The queen inquired her maid about the rituals. The maid found out about the rituals, which were of the Dashama vrat and informed the queen. The queen started the vrat however the King was not happy and told her to stop it. By this action, the King faced the wrath of the patron goddess - Dashama. His gifts turned to stone, flowers in his garden dried; he lost his kingdom and his two sons. He was jailed by another king. In jail, he realises his mistake and started the vrat. By the devotion of the king and queen, Dashama was pleased and restored their kingdom and fortunes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goddess Dasha Maa - Momai Maa - Story of Goddess Dasha Maa |url=https://www.hindu-blog.com/2019/06/goddess-dasha-maa-momai-maa-story-of.html |access-date=2023-09-10}}</ref>

== Vrat ==
On the [[amavasya]] (new moon day) of the [[Hindu month]] of [[Ashadha]], devotees observe Dashama vrat by installing a ''Sandhani''{{what}} made of soil in their home. Devotees also install a ''[[murti]]'' (icon) or image of the goddess [[Momai|Dashama]] with an icon of the Hindu god [[Ganesha]]. Devotees who observe this vrat wear the ''[[Kautuka]]'' (red-coloured thread) with 10 knots on their right hand on the first day and eat once a day (''ek tanu'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dashama Vrat Katha Story Details - Dashama nu Vrat in Gujarat {{!}} Dashama Vrat {{!}} Dashama Vrat Katha {{!}} Dashama Vrat Story {{!}} Dashama Vrat Details {{!}} Dashama Vrat Aarti {{!}} Dashama nu Vrat {{!}} Dashama Vrat in Gujarat {{!}} Dashama Vrat Photos {{!}} Dasha Mata Vrat in Gujarat India |url=http://www.nrigujarati.co.in/Topic/1866/1/dashama-vrat-katha-story-details-dashama-nu-vrat-in-gujarat.html |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.nrigujarati.co.in}}</ref> Daily, devotees perform ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (ritual worship), ''[[Arti (Hinduism)|Aarti]]'', reads the ''[[Katha (storytelling format)|katha]]'' (legend) and then eats [[Prasada|prasadi]] (food offering). Devotees also participate in [[Jagarana|Jagaran]], a night vigil of prayer and worship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sruthi |first=V. |title=Dashama Vrat 2022 Date Gujarat, Ritual, Significance, And More - News |url=https://latestnews.fresherslive.com/articles/dashama-vrat-2022-date-gujarat-ritual-significance-and-more-1009017 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Fresherslive |language=en-US}}</ref> The vrat is observed for 10 days. On the last day, devotees observe the jagaran and around 4-5 AM, the ''murti'' is immersed into a water body like a river.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dashama idols left by roadside, river banks |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.com/dashama-idols-left-by-roadside-river-banks/81805311.html |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Times of India brings the Latest & Top Breaking News on Politics and Current Affairs in India & around the World, Cricket, Sports, Business, Bollywood News and Entertainment, Science, Technology, Health & Fitness news & opinions from leading columnists. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/city/ahmedabad/surat-non-immersed-dashama-idols-pile-up-on-banks-of-tapi-river/videoshow/65488437.cms |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Photos: Dashama offerings leave Sabarmati waters murky in Ahmedabad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/india-news/photos-dashama-offerings-leave-sabarmati-waters-murky-in-ahmadabad/photo-YUZhFEeDaVGz3C4QmQmMjM.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Vrata]]
[[Category:Festivals in Gujarat]]

Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)

2023-08-28T17:09:07Z

AnnisMatthews: Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)

{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Prabhjot Singh
| fullname =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|8|14}}
| birth_place = [[Gurdaspur]], [[Punjab, India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname =
| height = 
| weight = 
| website = 
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| clubs1 = [[Sher-e-Punjab]]
| years1 = 2012
| caps1 = 13
| goals1 = 10
| clubs2 = [[Mumbai Magicians]]
| years2 = 2013
| caps3 =
| goals2 =
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalyears1 = 2001–2013
| nationalcaps1 = 218
| nationalgoals1 =
| turnedpro =
| coach =
| retired =
| coaching =
| medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport | Men’s [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2002 Asian Games|2002 Busan]]|[[Field hockey at the 2002 Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2003 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2003 Kuala Lumpur]]|Team}}
{{MedalGold|[[2007 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2007 Chennai]]|Team}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Delhi]]|[[Hockey at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Champions Challenge|Champions Challenge]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2001 Men's Hockey Champions Challenge|2001 Kuala Lumpur]] | Team}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2007 Men's Hockey Champions Challenge|2007 Boom]]|Team}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2001 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup|2001 Hobart]]|Team}}
}}

'''Prabhjot Singh''' is a [[field hockey]] forward for the [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian National Hockey Team]]. He is best known for his fast and attacking play.

==Career==
Prabhjot debuted for the [[India men's national field hockey team|Men's National Team]] in 2001. He was part of the national squad in the [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Athens Olympic]], where India finished in 7th place. Apart from representing India in [[Field Hockey|hockey]], he is also an officer in [[Indian Oil]]. He was the captain of the [[Sher-e-Punjab]] team in the [[World Series Hockey]] in 2012. Prabhjot is an alumnus of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-23|title=Jamia set for international makeover|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jamia-set-for-international-makeover/story-YNEZcCwahbYlOdZlpuYYUK.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307183609/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jamia-set-for-international-makeover/story-YNEZcCwahbYlOdZlpuYYUK.html|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
He was awarded the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2008 for exceptional performance as an Indian striker.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/30/stories/2008083057121800.htm| publisher=The Hindu| date=2008-08-30| accessdate=2010-10-16| title=National sports awards given away}}</ref>

==Controversy==
During [[2010 Men's Hockey World Cup|FIH World Cup, 2010]] he showed the [[middle finger]] to the home crowd after a loss 2–4 loss against [[Argentina men's national field hockey team|Argentina]]. He later apologized for this act.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/top-stories/Prabhjot-Singh-sorry-for-showing-finger-to-crowd/articleshow/5705369.cms| title=Prabhjot Singh sorry for showing finger to crowd|publisher=Times of India| date=2010-03-20|accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}

{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
| bg = #0077FF
| fg = #FFFF40
|list1=
{{India FH Squad 2002 World Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2002 Champions Trophy}}
{{India FH Squad 2002 Asian Games}}
{{India FH Squad 2003 Asia Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2004 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FH Squad 2007 Asia Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2010 World Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Prabhjot}}
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Male field hockey forwards]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2004 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:World Series Hockey players]]
[[Category:2002 Men's Hockey World Cup players]]
[[Category:2010 Men's Hockey World Cup players]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Jalandhar]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2002 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian male field hockey players]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]

List of awards and honours received by Narendra Modi

2023-07-19T18:27:13Z

AnnisMatthews: Crafted original article content.

{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}{{Narendra Modi series}}
[[Narendra Modi]] is the 14th and current [[Prime Minister of India]]. Following is the list of awards and honours received by Narendra Modi.

[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi being conferred Saudi Arabia's highest civilian honour, the King Abdulaziz Sash.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister Narendra Modi being conferred the Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud by Saudi King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman]].]]

==State honours==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan=2 width="350px"| Decoration
! width="150px"| Country
! width="150px"| Date
! width="300px"| Note
! Ref.
|-
| [[File:Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class (Saudi Arabia).png|frameless|100x100px]]
| '''[[Order of King Abdulaziz|Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud]]'''
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| 3 April 2016
| ''Special Class'', the highest honour of Saudi Arabia awarded to non-Muslim dignitaries.
|<ref name="Order of Abdulaziz">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/modi-conferred-highest-saudi-civilian-honour/story-bwZOeS1MJFw7QigfOEeFnI.html |title=Modi conferred highest Saudi civilian honour |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=17 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208074803/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/modi-conferred-highest-saudi-civilian-honour/story-bwZOeS1MJFw7QigfOEeFnI.html |archive-date=8 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Ghazi Amanullah Khan Medal (Afghanistan) - ribbon bar.png|frameless|100x100px]]
| '''[[Amir Amanullah Khan Award|State Order of Ghazi Amir Amanullah Khan]]'''
| {{flag|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}}
| 4 June 2016
| The highest civilian honour of Afghanistan.
|<ref name="Order of Amanullah Khan">{{cite news |title=PM Modi conferred Afghanistan's highest civilian honour |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pm-narendra-modi-afghanistan-highest-civilian-award-amir-amanullah-khan-award-2834312/ |access-date=17 February 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231055730/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pm-narendra-modi-afghanistan-highest-civilian-award-amir-amanullah-khan-award-2834312/ |archive-date=31 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Grand Collar of the Order of the State of Palestine ribbon.svg|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Grand Collar of the State of Palestine]]'''
| {{flag|Palestine}}
| 10 February 2018
| The highest civilian honour of Palestine.
|<ref name="Grand Collar of Palestine">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/modi-conferred-grand-collar-of-the-state-of-palestine/article22714293.ece |title=Modi conferred 'Grand Collar of the State of Palestine' |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=3 March 2018 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Ribbon bar of the Order of Zayed.svg|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Order of Zayed]]'''
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| 4 April 2019
| The highest civilian honour of the United Arab Emirates.
|<ref name="Order of Zayed">{{cite news |title=PM Modi awarded highest civilian honour Zayed Medal by UAE |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/pm-modi-awarded-highest-civilian-honour-zayed-medal-by-uae-1493821-2019-04-04 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:OOSA.jpg|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Order of St. Andrew]]'''
| {{flag|Russia}}
| 12 April 2019
| The highest civilian honour of Russia.
|<ref name="Order of St. Andrew">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/russia-narendra-modi-order-of-st-andrew-the-apostle-1500321-2019-04-12 |title=Russia awards Narendra Modi its highest order, PM thanks Putin |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=12 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514222834/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/russia-narendra-modi-order-of-st-andrew-the-apostle-1500321-2019-04-12 |archive-date=14 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Order of Izzuddin (Maldives) - ribbon bar v. 1996.png|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin]]'''
| {{flag|Maldives}}
| 8 June 2019
| The highest honour of the Maldives awarded to foreign dignitaries.
|<ref name="Order of Izzuddin">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/narendra-modi-maldives-highest-honour-1544908-2019-06-08 |title=Maldives to confer country's highest honour on PM Modi |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Order of Bahrain, 1st class.png|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[King Hamad Order of the Renaissance]]'''
| {{flag|Bahrain}}
| 24 August 2019
| ''First Class'', the highest honour of Bahrain awarded to foreign dignitaries.
|<ref name="Order of the Renaissance">{{cite news |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/amp/india/article/pm-modi-honoured-with-the-king-hamad-order-of-the-renaissance-in-bahrain/475473 |title=PM Modi honoured with 'The King Hamad Order of the Renaissance' in Bahrain |work=[[Times Now]] |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:US Legion of Merit Chief Commander ribbon.png|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Legion of Merit]]'''
| {{flag|United States}}
| 21 December 2020
| ''Chief Commander'', the highest degree of the Legion of Merit.
|<ref name="Legion of Merit">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-president-trump-presents-legion-of-merit-to-pm-modi/story-xNqBlK6CLMBZGRT6JCH2qO.html |title=US President Trump presents Legion of Merit to PM Modi |first=Shankhyaneel |last=Sarkar |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:BHT Order of the Dragon King Ribbon.svg|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Order of the Dragon King]]'''
| {{flag|Bhutan}}
| 17 December 2021
| ''First Class'', The highest civilian honour of Bhutan.
|<ref name="Druk_Gyalpo">{{cite news |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1782810 |title=PM honoured with Bhutan's highest civilian award |author= |work=Press Information Bureau |access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Order of Fiji (General Division).png|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Order of Fiji]]'''
| {{flag|Fiji}}
| 22 May 2023
| ''Companion'', the highest civilian honour of Fiji.
|<ref>{{cite web |title=PM Modi conferred Fiji's highest 'Companion of the Order' honour |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-conferred-fijis-highest-companion-of-the-order-honour-2382460-2023-05-22 |website=India Today |access-date=22 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PM @narendramodi has been conferred the highest honour of Fiji, the Companion of the Order of Fiji. It was presented to him by PM @slrabuka |url=https://twitter.com/PMOIndia/status/1660514407024312320 |website=Twitter |access-date=22 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Order of Logohu - Grand Companion (Papua New Guinea) ribbon.png|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Order of Logohu]]'''
| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
| 22 May 2023
| ''Grand Companion'', the highest civilian honour of Papua New Guinea.
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Papua New Guinea has conferred the Companion of the Order of Logohu on PM @narendramodi. It was presented to him by Papua New Guinea Governor General Sir Bob Dadae. |url=https://twitter.com/PMOIndia/status/1660519724156080128 |website=Twitter |access-date=22 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PM in Papua New Guinea LIVE: Modi Gets PNG's Rare Honour After Fiji's Highest Award; Millets Lead Lunch Hosted For Him |url=https://www.news18.com/world/pm-narendra-modi-3-nation-tour-live-latest-japan-papua-new-guinea-australia-fipic-livenews-7879357.html |website=News18 |access-date=22 May 2023 |language=en }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Order of the Nile]]'''
| {{flag|Egypt}}
| 25 June 2023
| ''Collar'', the highest civilian honour of Egypt.
|<ref>{{cite web |title=PM Modi conferred with Egypt's highest state honour 'Order of the Nile'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-egypt-highest-honour-president-sisi-order-of-the-nile-2397707-2023-06-25 |website=India Today|access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|100x100px|frameless]]
| '''[[Legion of Honour]]'''
| {{flag|France}}
| 14 July 2023
| ''Grand Cross'', the highest civilian honour of France.
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=France confers Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour on PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-in-france-paris-grand-cross-of-the-legion-of-honour-president-emmanuel-macron-101689293241002.html |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Other awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Award
! width="150px"| Country/Organisation
! width="150px"| Year
! width="300px"| Note
! Ref.
|-
|[[CNN-IBN Indian of the Year]]
|[[CNN-IBN]]
|2014
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/list-of-winners-of-indian-of-the-year-2014/534516-3.html |title=List of winners of Indian of the Year 2014 |access-date=17 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508145221/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/list-of-winners-of-indian-of-the-year-2014/534516-3.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |archive-date=8 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Champions of the Earth|Champions of the Earth Award]]
|{{flag|United Nations}}
|2018
|The highest environmental award given by the United Nations. Awarded, ''for policy leadership by pioneering work in championing the [[International Solar Alliance]] and new areas of levels of cooperation on environmental action.''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unep.org/championsofearth/node/50 |title=Narendra Modi – Policy Leadership Award {{!}} Champions of the Earth |website=[[United Nations Environment Programme|web.unep.org]] |access-date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-receives-uns-champions-of-the-earth-award/articleshow/66051710.cms?from=mdr |title=PM Narendra Modi receives UN's Champions of the Earth Award |work=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=24 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Seoul Peace Prize]]
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|2018
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/30532/Prime+Minister+Modi+Awarded+the+2018+Seoul+Peace+Prize |title=Prime Minister Modi Awarded the 2018 Seoul Peace Prize |website=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513151012/https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl%2F30532%2FPrime+Minister+Modi+Awarded+the+2018+Seoul+Peace+Prize |archive-date=13 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-modi-receives-seoul-peace-prize-for-2018/articleshow/68108358.cms |title=PM Modi receives Seoul Peace Prize for 2018 |website=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020210409/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-modi-receives-seoul-peace-prize-for-2018/articleshow/68108358.cms |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[List of Keys to the City in the United States#Texas|Key to the City]]
|{{flag|Houston}}, [[Texas]], [[United States]]
|2019
|At an event hosted by the Texas India Forum, Modi was presented with the [[Freedom of the City|Key to the City]] of Houston by Mayor [[Sylvester Turner]].
|<ref>{{cite web |title='Howdy, Modi!': Trump hails Indian PM at 'historic' Texas rally |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49788492 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923000151/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49788492/ |publisher=[[BBC]] |archive-date=23 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Texas India Forum – Howdy Modi |url=https://www.howdymodi.org/ |website=howdymodi.org |access-date=25 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Haidar |first1=Suhasini |title='Howdy Modi' in Houston: After Modi show, Trump tweets: 'The USA Loves India!' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/howdy-modi-event-in-houston-live-updates/article29481830.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 September 2019 |language=en-IN }}</ref>
|-
|[[Goalkeepers (Gates Foundation)|Global Goalkeepers Award]]
|[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]
|2019
|Awarded, ''in recognition of the [[Swachh Bharat Mission]] and the progress India has made in providing safe sanitation under his leadership.''
|<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Gates Foundation |author-link=Gates Foundation |user=gatesfoundation |number=1176654725229490176 |title=Prime Minister Narendra Modi received the Global Goalkeeper Award at tonight's Goalkeepers Global Goals Awards. This award recognizes India's progress in providing safe sanitation under his leadership. https://t.co/QSMD4UqxiU |language=en |access-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409235758/https://twitter.com/gatesfoundation/status/1176654725229490176 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Gwyn |last=D'Mello |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/technology/news/bill-gates-foundation-gave-pm-narendra-modi-global-goalkeeper-award-for-swachh-bharat-impact-376502.html |title=Bill Gates' Foundation Gave PM Narendra Modi 'Global Goalkeeper' Award For Swachh Bharat Impact |work=[[indiatimes.com]] |access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Narendra Modi: 'Global Goalkeeper' award for PM Modi for Swachh Bharat Abhiyan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/global-goalkeeper-award-for-pm-modi-for-swachch-bharat-abhiyan/articleshow/71285839.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Ebakl Award
|{{flag|Palau}}
|2023
|''Ebakl'' is a ceremonial wooden hammer from Palau that symbolises the leadership.
|<ref>{{cite web |title=PM Modi receives Ebakl Award in Papua New Guinea by President Surangel S Whipps Jr|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/pm-modi-receives-ebakl-award-in-papua-new-guinea-by-president-surangel-s-whipps-jr/videoshow/100422256.cms|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 July 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Eponyms==
{{main|List of things named after prime ministers of India}}
* [[Narendra Modi Stadium]]
* [[Narendra Modi Medical College]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Narendra Modi]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]

{{cat improve}}

Women in Sikhism

2023-01-14T23:30:09Z

AnnisMatthews: Contributed a new addition to the platform.

{{Short description|Principles of Sikhi and women}}
{{unreliable sources}}
{{Women in society sidebar}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}
The principles of Sikhism state that women have the same [[souls]] as men and thus possess an equal right to cultivate their [[spirituality]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Sikhism: What is the role and status of women in Sikh society?|url = http://www.realsikhism.com/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1248311765&ucat=7|website = www.realsikhism.com|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150806014920/http://www.realsikhism.com/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1248311765&ucat=7|access-date = 2015-11-07|archive-date = 2015-08-06}}</ref> with equal chances of achieving salvation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Howard|first1=Veena|title=Dharma: The Hindu, Jain, Buddhist and Sikh Traditions of India|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781786722126}}</ref> '''Women in Sikhism''' participate in all religious, cultural, social, and secular activities including lead religious congregations, take part in the [[Akhand Path]] (the continuous recitation of the Holy Scriptures), perform ''[[Kirtan]]'' (congregational singing of hymns), perform ''[[Gatka]]'' (Sikh martial art) and work as a [[Granthi]]s.<ref name=":0" />

[[Guru Nanak]] proclaimed the equality of men and women, and both he and the gurus that succeeded him encouraged men and women to take a full part in all the activities of Sikh worship and practice.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DkwzFw5oAToC&q=women+in+sikh+religion&pg=PR6 |title=Women in Religion |last1=Holm |first1=Jean |last2=Bowker |first2=John |publisher=Continuum International Publishing |access-date=18 March 2013|isbn=9780826453044 }}</ref> Sikh history also has recorded the role of women, portraying them as equals to men in service, devotion, sacrifice, and bravery.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kaura|first1=Bhupindara|title=Status of women in Sikhism|publisher=Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|page=56}}</ref>

Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Raag Aasaa Mehal 1, Page 473: "So why call her [women] bad? From her, kings are born. From woman, woman is born; without woman, there would be no one at all."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ang 473 of Guru Granth Sahib Ji - SikhiToTheMax |url=https://www.sikhitothemax.org/ang?ang=473 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.sikhitothemax.org |language=en}}</ref> Guru Nanak fought for women's rights and expressed his teachings of equality. He supported women having all rights and privileges a man has.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikh women - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia. |url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sikh_women#:~:text=From%20her,%20kings%20are%20born,privileges%20enjoyed%20by%20a%20man. |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.sikhiwiki.org}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Fresco art from Takht Hazur Sahib depicting Guru Hargobind granting devotee Mai Sulakhani's wish for children by writing the numeral one (੧) but his horse kicked and the Guru wrote the numeral seven (੭) instead.jpg|thumb|Fresco art from [[Hazur Sahib|Takht Hazur Sahib]] depicting Guru Hargobind granting devotee Mai Sulakhani's wish for children by writing the numeral one (੧) but his horse kicked and the Guru wrote the numeral seven (੭) instead]]
[[File:MaiBhago.jpg|thumb|[[Mai Bhago]] (top right) in the battle of [[Muktsar]]; December 1705]]
The Sikh Gurus and various Sikh saints did much to progress women's rights which were considerably downtrodden in the 15th century. To ensure a new equal status for women,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Jagraj|title=A Complete Guide to Sikhism|publisher=Unistar Books|isbn=9788171427543|page=285}}</ref> the [[Gurus]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.sikhs.org/women.htm | title=Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People}}</ref> made no distinction between the sexes in matters of initiation, instruction or participation in ''[[Sangat (term)|sangat]]'' (holy fellowship) and ''[[pangat]]'' (eating together).

=== Guru Amar Das ===
According to Sarup Das Bhalla, Mahima Prakash, [[Guru Amar Das]] disfavoured the use of the veil by women. He assigned women to supervise some communities of disciples and preached against the custom of ''[[Sati (practice)|sati]]''. Guru Amar Das also raised his voice against female infanticide.<ref name="Concept Publishing Company">{{cite book|last1=Gill|first1=Manmohan|title=Punjab Society: Perspectives and Challenges|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788180690389|page=44}}</ref>

=== Guru Gobind Singh ===
[[Guru Gobind Singh]] instructed the [[Khalsa]] to not associate with ''kanyapapi'', those who sin towards woman, and the Guru was also strongly against the objectification of woman.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Nikky-Guninder|title=Birth of the Khalsa, The: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9780791482667|page=57}}</ref> The Guru gave those women who were baptized into the Khalsa, the surname of ''Kaur'', the status of a sovereign princess.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wilcockson|first1=Michael|title=9.4 The Khalsa Religious Studies for Common Entrance 13+ Revision Guide|publisher=Hodder Education|location=London|isbn=9781471850905}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FAQ|url=https://www.sikhcoalition.org/about-sikhs/faq/|website=Sikh Coalition|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>

=== Ram Singh Namdhari ===
[[Ram Singh Kuka|Baba Ram Singh]] also did much for woman's rights including opposing infanticide, selling of young girls into servitude, the dowry system, the pardah system,<ref>{{cite news|title=The Panjab Past and Present |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University.|volume=7|page=149}}</ref> and endeavored to achieve higher standards of literacy, and the remarriage of widows.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Clarke|first1=Peter|title=Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements|publisher=Routledge|location=Oxon|isbn=9781134499700|page=425}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Grewal|first1=Gurdial|title=Freedom Struggle of India by Sikhs and Sikhs in India: The Facts World Must Know, Volume 1|publisher=Sant Isher Singh Rarewala Education Trust|page=146}}</ref>

=== Singh Sabha ===
During the Sikh revival movement of [[Singh Sabha]] beginning in the 1870s, the Singh Sabha raised its voice against the purdah system, female infanticide, child marriage, sati, bad conditions of widows, practice of dowry and extravagant expenditure during marriage.<ref name="Concept Publishing Company"/>

==Practices condemned==
[[File:Guru Nanak in Kamarupa, the land ruled by women.png|thumb|Guru Nanak in [[Kamrup region|Kamarupa]], the land ruled by women. From a manuscript of a [[Janamsakhis|Janamsakhi]], c.1755–1770.]]

===Sutak===
Sutak is a belief associated with impurity of the house on account of birth of a child. It is also believed that women are most prone to such impurity. [[Guru Nanak]] condemned such notions of pollution/impurity in no uncertain terms.<ref name=jagraj>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/stream/ACompleteGuideToSikhism/#page/n116 | title=A Complete Guide to Sikhism | publisher=Unistar Books | last=Singh | first=Jagraj | year=2009 | pages=116–117 | isbn=978-8-1714-2754-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRfkTq1ykSIC&pg=PA72 | title=Sikh Women in England: Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices | publisher=Trentham Books | last=Rait | first=S.K. | year=2005 | pages=72 | isbn=9781858563534}}</ref>

{{Quotation|<poem>Should Sutak be believed in, then that such impurity occurs everywhere, Worms are found in cow dung and the wood. No single grain of corn is without life in it. Water is the first source of life, and everyone is dependent on it for remaining alive. How can impurity of Sutak be warded off? It is to be found in every kitchen. Nanak says, pollution is not removed in this way (through rituals). It is washed away by knowledge of God (enlightenment).</poem>|Guru Nanak|Guru Granth Sahib 472 <ref name=jagraj/>}}

===Asceticism===
The concept of [[Sannyasa]] had influenced attitude towards women in India. The inherent attraction of female was considered a temptation something that a [[Sannyasi]] must avoid. The Gurus, however, did not regard women as hurdles for attaining salvation. They rejected the idea of renunciation and regarded family life, if led in a righteous manner, better than the life of an ascetic.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRfkTq1ykSIC&pg=PA49 | title=Sikh Women in England: Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices | publisher=Trentham Books | last=Rait | first=S.K. | year=2005 | pages=49 | isbn=9781858563534}}</ref> Instead of celibacy and renunciation, Guru Nanak recommends ''[[grihastha]]''—the life of a householder.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kapoor|first1=Sukhbir|title=Guru Granth Sahib: An Introductory Study|publisher=Hemkunt Press|page=148}}</ref>

===Menstrual taboo===

Menstruation does not lead to women being considered impure in Sikhism, and women's behavior is not restricted during the time when she is menstruating.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NaBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 | title=Period & Emotion: Educate Yourself and your Family | publisher=Evincepub Publishing | last=Shahi | first=Mukesh Kumar | year=2018 | pages=13 | isbn=9789388277655}}</ref>

In ''The Feminine Principle'' in the Sikh vision of the transcendent, Nikky Guninder Kaur-Singh writes:

: 'The denigration of the female body "expressed in many cultural and religious taboos surrounding menstruation and child-Birth" is absent in the Sikh worldview. Guru Nanak openly chides those who attribute pollution to women because of menstruation'.<ref>Kaur-Singh, Nikky-Guninder (1993). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=w0Eff2FtiAoC The Feminine Principle in the Sikh Vision of the Transcendent]''. Cambridge University Press {{ISBN|0521432871}}. pp. 4.</ref>

===Polygamy===
[[File:Wedding of Guru Nanak and Sulakhni.jpg|thumb|Wedding ceremony of Sulakhni Chona and [[Guru Nanak]]. From the Unbound set of [[Janamsakhis|Janamsakhi]] paintings, ca.1755–1800.]]
In a culture where monogamy is generally the rule, Sikh [[polygamy]] is exceptionally rare.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rait|first1=S. K.|title=polygamy rare Sikh Women in England: Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices|publisher=Trentham|location=Staffordshire|isbn=9781858563534|page=52}}</ref>

===Female infanticide===
Female infanticide is prohibited, and the ''[[Rehat Maryada|Rahitnama]]s'' (codes of conduct) prohibit Sikhs from having any contact or relationship with those who indulge in this practice.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit|title=History of the Sikh Gurus|publisher=Gur Das Kapur|page=505}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Harbans|first1=Bhatia|last2=Bakshi|first2=Shiri Ram|title=Political Ideology Of The Sikhs|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=9788176291354|page=33}}</ref>

===Sati (widow burning)===
[[File:Women in Sikh Empire-era Amritsar, 19th century painting.jpg|thumb|Women in [[Sikh Empire]]-era [[Amritsar]], 19th century painting]]
Widow burning, or ''[[Sati (practice)|sati]],'' is expressly forbidden by scripture.

{{Quotation|<poem>Satis are not those that burn themselves on the husband's funeral pyre; satis are they, O Nanak, who die of the pangs of separation ''(from the supreme God)''</poem>|Guru Amar Das|Guru Granth Sahib 787 <ref name=darshan>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Darshan|title=Guru Granth Sahib Among The Scriptures Of The World|publisher=Punjabi University|location=Patiala|isbn=9788173809286|page=196|date=January 2004}}</ref>}}

As a practical step towards discouraging the practice of sati Sikhism permits remarriage of widows.<ref name=darshan />

===Veil===
Sikhism was highly critical of all forms of strict veiling, [[Sikh Gurus]] condemned it and rejected seclusion and veiling of women, which saw decline of veiling among some classes during late medieval period.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization|last=Singh|first=Sardar Harjeet|year=2009|pages=259}}</ref> This was stressed by [[Bhagat Kabir]].<ref name=jagbir_jhutti>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=37i7uAYe6QEC&pg=PA35 | title=Sikhism Today | publisher=A&C Black | last=Jhutti-Johal | first=Jagbir | year=2011 | pages=35 | isbn=9781847062727}}</ref>

{{Quotation|<poem>Stay, stay, O daughter-in-law - do not cover your face with a veil. In the end, this shall not bring you even half a shell. The one before you used to veil her face; do not follow in her footsteps. The only merit in veiling your face is that for a few days, people will say, "What a noble bride has come". Your veil shall be true only if you skip, dance and sing the Glorious Praises of the Lord. Says Kabeer, the soul-bride shall win, only if she passes her life singing the Lord's Praises.</poem>|Bhagat Kabir|Guru Granth Sahib 484 <ref name=jagbir_jhutti />}}

===Dowry===
[[Guru Ram Das]] condemned the ritual of [[dowry]].<ref name=pruthi_dowry>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxndvJs3wUkC&pg=PA105 | title=Sikhism and Indian Civilization | publisher=Discovery Publishing House | last=Pruthi | first=Raj | year=2004 | pages=105 | isbn=9788171418794}}</ref>

{{Quotation|<poem>Any other dowry, which the self-willed manmukhs offer for show, is only false egotism and a worthless display. O my father, please give me the Name of the Lord God as my wedding gift and dowry.</poem>|Guru Ram Das|Guru Granth Sahib 79 <ref name=pruthi_dowry /> }}

==Equality==
[[File:19th century depiction of a Sikh woman from a Haveli 5.jpg|thumb|Depiction of a Sikh woman from a [[Haveli]], c.1860s]]
According to Sikhism, men and women are two sides of the same human coin. There is a system of interrelationship and interdependence whereby man is born of women, and women are born of man's seed. By these doctrines a man cannot feel secure and complete in his life without a woman, and man's success is proportional to the love and support of the woman who shares her life with him (and vice versa).<ref name="AGGS">{{cite book|title=Aad Guru Granth Sahib|publisher=Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee |location=Amritsar|year=1983}}</ref> The founder of [[Sikhism]], [[Guru Nanak]], reportedly said in 1499 that "[it] is a woman who keeps the race going" and that we should not "consider woman cursed and condemned, [when] from woman are born leaders and kings."<ref name="AGGS"/>

== Status of women ==
===Historical===
[[File:Misl-era Sikhs with dancing and singing women.jpg|thumb|Performance of dancing and singing women at a [[Misl]]-era Sikh court]]
[[File:Gurdwara Bhumman Shah fresco 19.jpg|thumb|Gurdwara Bhumman Shah fresco of a woman leading a hunt]]
There are many examples of women who are considered models of service and sacrifice throughout Sikh history, such as [[Mata Gujri]], [[Mai Bhago]], [[Mata Sundari]], [[Desan Kaur|Mata Desan Kaur]], [[Mata Sahib Kaur|Rani Sahib Kaur]], [[Sada Kaur|Rani Sada Kaur]], [[Datar Kaur|Rani Datar Kaur]] and [[Maharani Jind Kaur]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/great-sikh-women/great-sikh-women|title=Great Sikh Women – Great Sikh Women – Gateway to Sikhism Foundation|work=Gateway to Sikhism Foundation|access-date=2018-09-24|language=en-gb}}</ref>

===Current===
In the present-day democratic [[politics of India]], a fair amount of organizations study and work in order to rid women of many of their disadvantages. They have access to political franchise and new opportunities for advancement have opened up for them. Sikh women have shown enterprise in several fields and are among the most progressive in education and in the professions such as teaching and medicine. Within the Sikh system, they are the equals of men. They can lead congregational services and participate in [[Akhand Path|akhand paths]], uninterrupted readings of scripture to be accomplished within seventy-two hours. They vote with men to elect Sikhs' central religious body, the [[SGPC|Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]], which administers their places of worship (Gurdwara).

Sikhs are obligated to treat women as equals, and gender discrimination in Sikh society has no religious basis. However, gender equality has been difficult to achieve in practice due to heavy social, cultural, and caste-related pressure. It's worth noting that the caste system itself goes against the core principles of Sikhism.

Though equality for women has always been a major attribute of Sikhism and a great number of women have made significant contributions, it is important to note that it is still a work in progress. In the 1990s a group of Sikh women requested to wash the floors or the Darbar Sahib and were denied. Unlike men, women are still not allowed to assist in carrying the paliquin carrying the primary scriptures in its path to and from the Golden Temple. Also, women make up less than 20% of the SGPC members.

While diaspora women take lead in opening many aspects of ritual life for women still female participation in various religious rituals and institutions is very uncommon. Ritual services like ‘chaur seva’ wherein one uses an implement called the chaur to fan the Granth, or Sukh-aasan ritual at Harmandir Sahib ritual where the Guru Granth Sahib is shifted from the sanctum sanctorum to the Akal Takht precincts or Kirtan at golden temple, are mostly male-dominated. So also profession of Granthis to Gurudwara management are mostly male dominated fields. Part of the problem while religion officially does not hold menstruating women to be impure still patriarchy in Sikh society holds the same as taboo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last1=Apr 14|first1=Ketaki Desai {{!}} TNN {{!}}|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=17:10|title=How Sikh women in diaspora communities are fighting for their rights - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/how-sikh-women-in-diaspora-communities-are-fighting-for-their-rights/articleshow/75141280.cms|access-date=2020-12-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

====Kaur Project====
Kaur Project is a project that seeks to actively create spaces for Sikh female youth to learn and lead the Hukumnama, Ardaas, Sahajpaath, Akandpaath and Parshaad seva.<ref name=":1" />

==Notable women in Sikhism==
*[[Mata Kaulan]], disciple of [[Guru Hargobind]]
*[[Mata Sahib Kaur]], wife of [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and leader of the Khalsa for 40 years
*[[Susheel Kaur|Mata Susheel Kaur]], wife of [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] who fought alongside him
*[[Sada Kaur]], chief of the [[Kanhaiya Misl]] from 1789 to 1821
*[[Maharani Datar Kaur]], [[queen consort|consort]] of [[Maharaja Ranjeet Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and mother of [[Kharak Singh|Maharaja Kharak Singh]] she served as a commander during the [[Siege of Multan (1818)|Battle of Multan (1818)]]
*[[Chand Kaur|Maharani Chand Kaur]], ruler of [[Sikh Empire]]
*[[Rani Jindan]], wife of [[Ranjit Singh]]
*[[Sophia Duleep Singh|Princess Sophia Duleep Singh]], prominent suffragette of womans civil rights movemenent in the United Kingdom
*[[Mata Khivi]], notable for her contributions to the establishment of ''[[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]]''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cantlon|first1=Marie|last2=Ruether|first2=Rosemary|last3=Keller|first3=Rosemary|title=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America: Native American creation stories|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Indiana|isbn=9780253346872|page=695}}</ref>
*[[Mata Tripta]], mother of Guru Nanak
*[[Bebe Nanaki]], elder sister of Guru Nanak<ref>[http://www.sikhwomen.com/equality/social/history/index.htm#Shaping History]</ref>
*[[Mai Bhago]], prominent Sikh warrior

==See also==

* [[Women in the Guru Granth Sahib]]
* [[Sikh feminism]]
* [[Women in India]]
* [[Women's rights]]
* [[Legal rights of women in history]]
* [[Kaur]], the name bestowed upon Sikh girls and women by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Guru Granth Sahib, p 73.
* Guru Granth Sahib, p 788.

==External links==
* [http://www.sikhwomen.com/ Sikh women]
* [http://www.sikhwomen.com/Guru_Quotes/women.htm Guru Quotes on women]
* [http://www.sikhs.org/women.htm www.sikhs.org]
* [http://www.sikhwomen.com/equality/social/history/index.htm#Shaping Important women in the Sikh History]

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikhism and women| ]]

Plurality (voting)

2022-10-17T21:10:30Z

AnnisMatthews: Page designed.

[[File:Plurality_versus_Majority.png|thumb|right|Pie charts illustrating the difference between a mere plurality (where the green/bottom area is less than 50% of the total area) and a majority (where the green/bottom area is greater than 50% of the total area of the pie chart).]]
{{Short description|Poll most votes, but less than half overall}}
A '''plurality vote''' (in [[American English]]) or '''relative majority''' (in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth)<ref name="Fowler1965" /> describes the circumstance when a [[political party|party]], [[candidate]], or [[Ballot proposition|proposition]] polls more votes than any other but does not receive more than half of all votes cast.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plurality |title = plurality |work = Merriam-Webster Dictionary |access-date=2015-12-29 |quote = a number of votes that is more than the number of votes for any other candidate or party but that is not more than half of the total number of votes }}</ref>

For example, if from 100 votes that were cast, 45 were for ''Candidate A'', 30 were for ''Candidate B'' and 25 were for ''Candidate C'', then ''Candidate A'' received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some votes, the winning candidate or proposition may have only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.<ref name="Robert">{{cite book |title=Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised |last1=Robert |first1=Henry M. III |last2=Honemann |first2=Daniel H. |last3=Balch |first3=Thomas J. |year=2011 |publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=978-0-306-82021-2 |edition=11 |pages = 404–405 }}</ref>

== Versus majority ==
In international institutional law, a "simple majority" (also a "[[Majority#Majority vote|majority]]") vote is more than half of the votes cast (disregarding abstentions) ''among'' alternatives; a "qualified majority" (also a "[[supermajority]]") is a number of votes above a specified percentage (e.g. two-thirds); a "relative majority" (also a "plurality") is the number of votes obtained that is greater than any other option; and an "absolute majority" is a number of votes "greater than the number of votes that possibly can be obtained at the same time for any other solution",{{NoteTag|For example, 50 voters elect six office holders from a field of 11 candidates, thereby casting 300 votes. The largest ''absolute majority'' in this scenario would be 50 voters casting all their ballots for the same six candidates, which at 300 votes would be substantially higher than the ''simple majority'' of 151 votes—a result that no individual candidate can achieve, since the most votes any one can receive is 50. With the smallest absolute majority in this scenario, the six winners would receive 28 votes each, totaling 168, and the [[Runner-up|runners-up]] would receive either 27 or 26 votes each.}} when voting for ''multiple'' alternatives at a time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schermers|first1=Henry G. |last2=Blokker|first2=Niels M.|title= International Institutional Law: Unity Within Diversity|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|edition=5|year=2011|isbn=978-9004187986 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OMXToQLp21UC&q=relative+majority }}</ref>{{NoteTag|An "absolute majority" can also mean a "[[Supermajority#Majority of the entire membership|majority of the entire membership]]", a [[voting basis]] that requires that more than half of ''all'' the members of a body (including those absent and those present but not voting) to vote in favour of a proposition in order for it to be passed.}}

[[Henry Watson Fowler]] suggested that the American terms "plurality" and "majority" offer single-word alternatives for the corresponding two-word terms in British English, "relative majority" and "absolute majority", and that in British English "majority" is sometimes understood to mean "receiving the most votes" and can therefore be confused with "plurality".<ref name="Fowler1965">{{cite book |last=Fowler |first=Henry Watson |author-link=Henry Watson Fowler |title=[[A Dictionary of Modern English Usage]]|publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=2 |year=1965 |location=Oxford|page = 725 |isbn=0-19-953534-5 }}</ref>{{NoteTag|"With three-cornered contests as common as they now are, we may have occasion to find a convenient single word for what we used to call an ''absolute majority''... In America the word ''majority'' itself has that meaning while a poll greater than that of any other candidate, but less than half the votes cast is called a ''plurality.'' It might be useful to borrow this distinction..." —Henry Watson Fowler}} [[William Poundstone]] observes that systems which allow choosing by a plurality of votes are more vulnerable to the [[spoiler effect]]—where two or more similar choices each draw fewer votes than a dissimilar choice that would have lost to any individual similar choice on its own—than systems which require a majority.<ref>{{cite book |last=Poundstone|first=William|title=Gaming the Vote: Why Elections Aren't Fair (and What We Can Do About It)|publisher=Macmillan |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hbxL3A-pWagC&q=plurality |year=2009 |location=New York |page=352 |isbn=978-1-4299-5764-9 }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Plurality voting system]]
*[[Plurality-at-large voting]]
*[[Plurality opinion]]
*[[Voting system]]

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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{{Majorities}}

[[Category:Majority]]
[[Category:Voting theory]]