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Jangipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T06:53:14Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{for|the constituency in UP|Jangipur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jangipur
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Jangipur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Jangipur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = Chitto Mukherjee
| party = [[BJP]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]]
| constituency_no = 58
| established = 1957
| electors = 2,20,859
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Jangipur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Murshidabad district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 58 Jangipur Assembly constituency covers [[Jahangirpur, Murshidabad|Jangipur]] municipality, [[Raghunathganj I (community development block)|Raghunathganj I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and [[Ahiran]] and [[Bansabati]] [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Suti I (community development block)|Suti I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]].<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 11 July 2014 | work = West Bengal| publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Jangipur Assembly constituency is part of No. 9 [[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Shyamapada Bhattacharya
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Kuber Chand Halder
|-
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Muktipada Chatterjee
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2"|Abdul Haque
| {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|-
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| Radaruddin Ahammad
| {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Habibur Rahman (Indian politician)|Habibur Rahman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Abdul Haque
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|[[Habibur Rahman (Indian politician)|Habibur Rahman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Abul Hasnat Khan|Abul Hasnat]]
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[Md. Sohrab]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Jakir Hossain (politician)|Jakir Hossain]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Chitto Mukherjee
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Jangipur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Chitto Mukherjee
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 91201
|percentage = 42.90
|change = +20.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jakir Hossain
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = 80,659
|percentage = 37.94
|change = -15.71
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Md.Imran
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 31,228
|percentage = 14.69
|change = +14.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Alok Kumar Das
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 4,007
|percentage = 1.89
|change = +1.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,143
|percentage = 0.54
|change = -1.76
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,542
|percentage = 4.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,12,606
|percentage = 93.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Jangipur<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/ConstituencywiseS2558.htm?ac=58|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003142420/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/ConstituencywiseS2558.htm?ac=58|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/RoundwiseS2558.htm?ac=58|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003172940/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/RoundwiseS2558.htm?ac=58|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ceowb58">{{Cite web|title= Form 20 - 58 Jangipur AC|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Byeelec_sep_2021/form20/Form20_AC58.pdf|work=Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal|access-date=2021-11-13}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Jakir Hossain|votes=1,06,444|percentage=53.65|change=+21.59}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Sujit Das|votes=43,964|percentage=22.17|change=+4.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|candidate=Jane Alam Mian|votes=39,067|percentage=19.69|change=+19.69}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=4,557|percentage=2.3|change=+0.71}}
{{Election box majority|votes=62,480|percentage=31.49|change=+20.00}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,98,401|percentage=77.78|change=-6.04}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner= All India Trinamool Congress
|swing=+31.59
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, Jakir Hossain of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Somnath Singha Ray of CPI(M).
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Jangipur }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Jakir Hossain|votes=66,869|percentage=37.23|change=+37.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Somnath Singha Ray|votes=46,236|percentage=25.75|change=-16.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Md. Sohrab]]|votes=34,863|percentage=19.41|change=-27.35}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Sudhan Kumar Das|votes=23,240|percentage=12.94|change=+4.90}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=2,853|percentage=1.59|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=20,633|percentage=11.49|change=+7.18}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,79,758|percentage=83.82|change=-1.74}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser= Indian National Congress
|swing=+26.97
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, [[Mohammad Sohrab]] of Congress defeated his nearest rival Purnima Bhattacharya of CPI(M).
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Jangipur<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=58| title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011| work = Jangipur| publisher = Empowering India| access-date = 20 April 2011| archive-date = 2 June 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130602184311/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=58| url-status = usurped}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Md. Sohrab]]|votes=68,699|percentage=46.76|change=+8.53}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Purnima Bhattacharya|votes=62,363|percentage=42.45|change=-6.40}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Anamitra Banerjee|votes=11,804|percentage=8.04|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Mirza Nashiruddin|votes=4,038|percentage=2.75|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=6,336|percentage=4.31|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,46,905|percentage=85.56|change=}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|winner= Indian National Congress
|swing=
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# CPI(M) did not contest this seat in 2006. Change noted is based on RSP's vote percentage in 2006.

===1977–2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> and 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> state assembly elections Abul Hasnat of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] won the Jangipur assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Habibur Rahaman of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]/ Independent. Contests in most years were multi-cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Habibur Rahman of Congress defeated Abdul Haque of RSP in 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Abdul Haque of RSP defeated Habibur Rahaman of Congress in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Habibur Rahaman of Congress defeated Abdul Haque of RSP in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Badaruddin Ahmed, Independent, in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> and Achintya Singha of [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|SUC]] in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp54.htm | title =54 - Jangipur Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 26 September 2010}}</ref>

===1957–1972===
Habibur Rahaman of Congress won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Radaruddin Ahammad, Independent, won in 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Abdul Haque of RSP/Independent won in 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Muktipada Chatterjee of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Jangipur was joint seat in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. Shyamapada Bhattachacharya and Kuber Chand Halder, both of Congress, won.<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref>

==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

{{Murshidabad topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]

Indapur Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T21:16:22Z

AnnettLevi9: made basic data w/ infobox - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Indapur
| constituency_no = 200
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 200-Indapur.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Baramati Lok Sabha constituency|Baramati]]
| district = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]]
| party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| electors =341,749
}}
'''Indapur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|constituencies]] of [[Maharashtra]] state, western India. This constituency is located in [[Pune district]], and is one of the 6 Vidhan Sabha seats which make up [[Baramati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramati Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ECI-20081126" />

==Geographical scope==
The constituency comprises [[Indapur taluka]].<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India|pages=262|accessdate=2015-08-11}}</ref> The city of [[Indapur]] is located near [[Bhima River|Bheema]] river.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="6" | [[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Gholap Rajendra Kumar Baburao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="2" | Ganpatrao Sitaram Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || rowspan="4" | [[Harshvardhan Patil|Harshvardhan Shahajirao Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan="3" | [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Indapur">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Indapur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13200.htm |access-date=2 January 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102092358/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13200.htm |archive-date=2 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023) |votes = 117,236 |percentage = 44.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Patil|Harshvardhan Shahajirao Patil]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 97,826 |percentage = 37.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mane Pravin Dasharath |party = Independent politician |votes = 37,917 |percentage = 14.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Girish Madan Patil |party = Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi |votes = 2,141 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimrao Jagannath Shinde |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,943 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 634 |percentage = 0.24% |change = {{decrease}}0.07 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,410 |percentage = 7.34% |change = {{increase}}6.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 264,985 |percentage = 77.54% |change = {{increase}}1.12 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 264,351}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 341,749 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.73 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023) |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}5.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 114,960 |percentage = 49.39% |change = {{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Patil|Harshvardhan Shahajirao Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 111,850 |percentage = 48.05% |change = {{increase}}46.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Sachin Bhaskar Jore |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 1,731 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 731 |percentage = 0.31% |change = {{increase}}0.11 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,110 |percentage = 1.34% |change = {{decrease}}5.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 233,755 |percentage = 76.42% |change = {{decrease}}2.35 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 232,767}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 305,866 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.46 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 108,400 |percentage = 49.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Patil|Harshvardhan Shahajirao Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 94,227 |percentage = 43.30% |change = {{decrease}}5.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavare Dnyandeo Alias Mauli Haribhau |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,260 |percentage = 1.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bondre Vishal Shivram |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 2,184 |percentage = 1.00% |change = {{decrease}}1.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 437 |percentage = 0.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,173 |percentage = 6.51% |change = {{increase}}2.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 218,132 |percentage = 78.77% |change = {{increase}}2.01 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 217,594}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 276,911 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.24 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}1.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Patil|Harshvardhan Shahajirao Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 92,729 |percentage = 48.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 84,769 |percentage = 44.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimrao Manikrao Bhosale Pa. |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 4,106 |percentage = 2.15% |change = {{decrease}}38.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivajirao Vaman Makhare |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,634 |percentage = 1.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shakil Makbul Sayyad |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,742 |percentage = 0.91% |change = {{decrease}}1.41 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,960 |percentage = 4.17% |change = {{decrease}}10.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 191,070 |percentage = 76.76% |change = {{increase}}2.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 190,685}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 248,929 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.96 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}6.88 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Patil|Harshvardhan Shahajirao Patil]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 94,409 |percentage = 55.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Garatkar Pradeep Prabhakar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 69,836 |percentage = 41.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pradeepkumar Giridhar Sable |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,952 |percentage = 2.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kale Sunil Ganapat |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 1,875 |percentage = 1.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,573 |percentage = 14.45% |change = {{decrease}}6.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 170,212 |percentage = 74.50% |change = {{decrease}}1.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 170,072}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 228,469 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}5.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Patil|Harshvardhan Shahajirao Patil]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 64,840 |percentage = 49.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nimbalkar Murlidhar Shankarrao |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 37,898 |percentage = 29.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Garatkar Pradeep Prabhakar |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,401 |percentage = 19.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narute Kisan Sakharam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,655 |percentage = 1.27% |change = {{decrease}}30.44 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,942 |percentage = 20.66% |change = {{increase}}13.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 142,738 |percentage = 76.16% |change = {{decrease}}9.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 130,387}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 187,408 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.19 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}10.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Patil|Harshvardhan Shahajirao Patil]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 59,125 |percentage = 39.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Ganpatrao Sitaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,949 |percentage = 31.71% |change = {{decrease}}22.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Garatkar Pradeep Prabhakar |party = Independent politician |votes = 38,797 |percentage = 25.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sonwane Sunil Vishwanth |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,212 |percentage = 2.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thorat Tanaji Sahebrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,345 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,176 |percentage = 7.39% |change = {{decrease}}21.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 155,120 |percentage = 85.41% |change = {{increase}}18.05 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 151,200}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,617 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.19 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}15.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ganpatrao Sitaram Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 62,638 |percentage = 54.24% |change = {{increase}}3.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = More Jagannathrao Marutrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 29,135 |percentage = 25.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhao Balbhim Narayan |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 12,218 |percentage = 10.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ransing Vishwasrao Krishnaji |party = Janata Dal |votes = 11,281 |percentage = 9.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 33,503 |percentage = 29.01% |change = {{increase}}23.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 117,413 |percentage = 67.36% |change = {{increase}}0.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 115,486}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 174,310 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ganpatrao Sitaram Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 45,511 |percentage = 50.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagannathrao Marutrao More |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 40,613 |percentage = 45.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ratnakar Malhari Makhare |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,933 |percentage = 2.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. D. Bhosale |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,026 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,898 |percentage = 5.47% |change = {{decrease}}2.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,925 |percentage = 66.74% |change = {{increase}}1.11 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,620}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 136,237 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.30 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}2.96 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Gholap Rajendra Kumar Baburao |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 41,619 |percentage = 53.74% |change = {{increase}}50.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = More Jagannathrao Marutrao |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 35,826 |percentage = 46.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,793 |percentage = 7.48% |change = {{decrease}}7.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 78,914 |percentage = 65.63% |change = {{decrease}}8.12 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 77,445}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,248 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.85 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,332 |percentage = 49.65% |change = {{decrease}}15.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Avate Ganapt Abaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 28,543 |percentage = 35.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hegde Anna Madhav |party = Janata Party |votes = 8,119 |percentage = 9.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ransing Vishwasrao Krishnaji |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 3,039 |percentage = 3.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Zende Pandurang Bapu |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,201 |percentage = 1.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,789 |percentage = 14.51% |change = {{decrease}}16.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,787 |percentage = 73.75% |change = {{increase}}2.87 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,234}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,602 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}15.40 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,294 |percentage = 65.05% |change = {{increase}}4.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Avate Ganapt Abaji |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 21,842 |percentage = 33.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kambale Bhanudassakharam |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 673 |percentage = 1.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,452 |percentage = 31.46% |change = {{increase}}8.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 67,017 |percentage = 70.88% |change = {{increase}}0.56 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,014}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,544 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.08 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,420 |percentage = 60.97% |change = {{increase}}14.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. A. Awate |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 20,124 |percentage = 37.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. K. Raskar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 629 |percentage = 1.18% |change = {{decrease}}26.44 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,296 |percentage = 23.12% |change = {{increase}}4.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,784 |percentage = 70.32% |change = {{increase}}10.17 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,173}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,755 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.93 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}14.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,676 |percentage = 46.39% |change = {{decrease}}9.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dinkarrao Shankarrao Patil |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 11,122 |percentage = 27.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kerba Dhondiba Vyavhare |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,974 |percentage = 12.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Dattatraya Kulkarni |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,263 |percentage = 8.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanmant Shriniwas Deshpande |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,190 |percentage = 2.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shhankar Krushnajee Sonawane |party = Independent politician |votes = 561 |percentage = 1.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram Shripati Nalawade |party = Independent politician |votes = 476 |percentage = 1.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,554 |percentage = 18.76% |change = {{decrease}}2.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 42,262 |percentage = 60.15% |change = {{increase}}21.70 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,262}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,263 |ref = |change = {{increase}}30.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,600 |percentage = 55.92% |change = {{increase}}17.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Makare Krishna Lavji |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,237 |percentage = 34.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghogare Ganpat Baburao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,906 |percentage = 9.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,363 |percentage = 21.03% |change = {{increase}}0.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 20,743 |percentage = 38.45% |change = {{decrease}}8.58 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 20,743}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,952 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}3.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}17.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Indapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,127 |percentage = 38.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kulkarni Narayan Dattatraya |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 4,688 |percentage = 17.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadam Sahebrao Bhausaheb |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 3,023 |percentage = 11.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shembekar Ganesh Gopal |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,685 |percentage = 10.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gavade Jijaba Nanasaheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,638 |percentage = 10.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Makare Krishnaji Lavsaji |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 1,646 |percentage = 6.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jaranje Shankarrao Marutrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,455 |percentage = 5.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,439 |percentage = 20.71% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,262 |percentage = 47.03% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,262}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,845 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|18.11|75.03|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Pune district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Pune district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Secular Democratic Front

2026-05-03T06:55:08Z

AnnettLevi9: put up new stub!

{{Short description|Political coalition in India}}
{{dmy|date=April 2023}}
{{Distinguish|Secular Progressive Alliance|Secular Progressive Front (2002–2012)|Secular Progressive Front}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Secular Democratic Front
| logo = <div style="background-color:#F4C2C2; padding:4px; text-align:center;">
[[File:CPI(M) Election symbol.png|45px]] [[File:Hand INC.svg|35px]] [[File:CPI symbol.svg|35px]] 
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg|35px]] 
[[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|35px]] 
<div style="font-weight:bold; margin-top:5px;">''SDF'' ''Secular Democratic Front''</div></div>
| colorcode = {{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|2023|||df=yes}}
| website =
| country = India
| abbreviation = SDF
| predecessor =
| headquarters =
| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| seats1_title = [[Lok Sabha]]
| seats1 = {{composition bar|0|2|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}
| seats2_title = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| seats2 = {{composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}
| seats3_title = [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| seats3 = {{composition bar|13|60|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}
| seats4_title = [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]]
| seats4 = {{composition bar|0|30|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}
| seats5_title = [[Gram Panchayats]]
| seats5 = {{composition bar|301|6370|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://sec-results.tripura.gov.in/sec/|title=STATE ELECTION COMMISSION|website=sec-results.tripura.gov.in}}</ref>
| seats6_title = [[Panchayat Samiti|Panchayat Samitis]]
| seats6 = {{composition bar|14|423|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}<ref name="auto"/>
| seats7_title = [[District council (India)|Zilla Parishads]]
| seats7 = {{composition bar|3|116|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}<ref name="auto"/>
| seats8_title = [[Municipalities]]
| seats8 = {{composition bar|3|222|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}|border=darkgray}} Red
| native_name_lang = bn
| eci =
| leader = [[Jitendra Chaudhury]] {{small|([[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tripura Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition]])}}
| leader1_title = [[Lok Sabha]] Leader
| leader1_name =
| leader2_title = [[Rajya Sabha]] Leader
| leader2_name =
| founders = {{ubl|[[Manik Sarkar]]|[[Sudip Roy Barman]]}}
| rajyasabha_leader =
| loksabha_leader =
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|42|hex={{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|16|hex={{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}}}
| state_seats_name =
| state_seats =
| national = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]
| logo_upright = 1.15
| logo_alt =
| footnotes = {{cnote|A|The Front is described as a broad left-wing alliance, with [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] and [[Far-left politics|far-left]] factions.}}
}}

The '''Secular Democratic Front''' ('''SDF''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/tripura/story/tripura-former-cm-calls-for-united-secular-front-to-defeat-bjp-rss-1192986-2025-04-02|title=Tripura: Former CM calls for united secular front to defeat BJP-RSS|publisher=India Today|date=2 April 2025}}</ref> is an opposition front in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]] consisting of the [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]] and the [[Indian National Congress]] which formed before the [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] in opposition to the incumbent [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tripuranewslive |date=2023-01-20 |title=CPIM & Congress jointly forms "Secular Democratic Forces" |url=https://tripuranewslive.com/cpim-congress-jointly-forms-secular-democratic-forces/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Tripura News Live |language=en-US |archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126050835/https://tripuranewslive.com/cpim-congress-jointly-forms-secular-democratic-forces/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=North East |date=2023-01-21 |title=Tripura: Opposition Parties Under “Secular Democratic Forces” Banner Submits Memorandum To CEO Over Alleged BJP’s Reign Of Terror |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2023/01/21/tripura-opposition-parties-under-secular-democratic-forces-banner-submits-memorandum-to-ceo-over-alleged-bjps-reign-of-terror/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Northeast Today |language=en-US |archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126051525/https://www.northeasttoday.in/2023/01/21/tripura-opposition-parties-under-secular-democratic-forces-banner-submits-memorandum-to-ceo-over-alleged-bjps-reign-of-terror/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The main parties in this coalition are the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and the [[Indian National Congress]], alongside other minor parties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Democratic Secular Alliance of Congress and CPI (M) to organise rally on 21st January and meet in deputation with CEO/DM (West) |url=https://tripurainfo.com/news.aspx?intnid=16417&title=Democratic-Secular-Alliance-of-Congress-and-CPI-M-to-organise-rally-on-21st-January-and-meet-in-deputation-with-CEO-DM-West |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=TripuraInfo |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121142951/https://tripurainfo.com/news.aspx?intnid=16417&title=Democratic-Secular-Alliance-of-Congress-and-CPI-M-to-organise-rally-on-21st-January-and-meet-in-deputation-with-CEO-DM-West |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deb |first=Debraj |date=2023-01-20 |title=Left Front, Congress to contest Tripura polls jointly, seat sharing yet to be finalised |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/tripura-assembly-polls-congress-left-front-pre-poll-alliance-tripura-peoples8392752-party-8392752/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> SDF is currently the [[official opposition]] in [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2023 |title=Tripura Election Result 2023 Live Updates: BJP-IPFT alliance wins 33 seats in Tripura |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tripura-election-results-2023-live-updates-bjp-congress-tripura-assembly-election-result-latest-news/liveblog/98345680.cms |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Members ==
{| class="wikitable" width="60%"
|+
!No.
!Party<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Tripura Elections: 24 New Faces in Left Front’s 46 Seats, Congress to field 13 Candidates |url=https://www.newsclick.in/tripura-elections-24-new-faces-left-fronts-46-seats-congress-field-13-candidates |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=NewsClick |language=en}}</ref>
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:CPI(M) Election symbol.png|60px|centre]]
|[[Jitendra Chaudhury]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-06 |title=Tripura State Conference of CPI(M) Concludes |url=https://cpim.org/states/tripura-state-conference-cpim-concludes |access-date=2022-11-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130084024/https://cpim.org/states/tripura-state-conference-cpim-concludes |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:white" |'''2.'''
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|60px|centre]]
|[[Ashish Kumar Saha]]
|-
|style="text-align:Center; background:#ac1313|'''3.'''
|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|[[File:All India Forward Bloc flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg|50px|centre]]
|Paresh Chandra Sarkar<ref name=":1" />
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};color:white" |'''4.'''
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|[[File:RSP-flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|50px|centre]]
|Dipak Deb<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=An Appeal to the Peace-loving Democratic Citizens of Tripura {{!}} Peoples Democracy |url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2023/0101_pd/appeal-peace-loving-democratic-citizens-tripura |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Peoples Democracy |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109162852/https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2023/0101_pd/appeal-peace-loving-democratic-citizens-tripura |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:Center; background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |'''5.'''
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px|centre]]
|Yudhisthir Das<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Dr Judhisthir Das Elected As Secretary CPI Tripura State Committee {{!}} {{!}} The Tripura Post |url=https://thetripurapost.com/dr-judhisthir-das-elected-as-secretary-cpi-tripura-state-committee/ |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=The Tripura Post |language=en-US |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915222417/https://thetripurapost.com/dr-judhisthir-das-elected-as-secretary-cpi-tripura-state-committee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent politician}};color:black" |'''6.'''
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Nagrik.png|50px|centre]]
|Purushuttam Roy Barman
|-
|}

== Electoral history ==
=== Results of Legislative Assembly elections in Tripura ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | Overall Votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | Seats won/ Seats contested
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
|-
|[[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|911,232
|36.01
| 60
|{{composition bar|14|60|hex={{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}}}}
|{{loss}} 2
|{{loss}} 10.13 [[Percentage point|pp]]
|}

=== Results of Indian general elections in Tripura ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | Overall Votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | Seats won/ Seats contested
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Sanjukta Morcha}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Tripura|2024]]
|5,60,391
|23.91
| 2
|0
|{{no change}}
|{{decrease}}18.76
|}

== See also ==
* [[Asom Sonmilito Morcha]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Political party alliances in India]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:2020s in India]]

2022 Indian Premier League final

2026-05-02T05:53:26Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{short description|Cricket match}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox limited overs final
|title = 2022 Indian Premier League final
| event = [[2022 Indian Premier League]]
|image=Tata_IPL_2022_Final_Poster.jpg
| caption = Match programme cover
|imagesize=250 px
| team1 = Rajasthan Royals
| team2 = Gujarat Titans
| team1score = 130/9
| team1overs = 20 overs
| team2score = 133/3
| team2overs = 18.1 overs
| details = Gujarat Titans won by 7 wickets
| date = 29 May 2022

| stadium = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]]
| city = [[Ahmedabad]]|
| man_of_the_match = [[Hardik Pandya]] (GT)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| attendance = 104,859<ref>{{cite news |title=New world record attendance set in Populous-designed cricket stadium |url=https://populous.com/new-world-record-attendance-set-in-populous-designed-cricket-stadium |access-date=15 July 2023 |work=Populous |date=28 June 2022}}</ref>
| television =
| previous = [[2021 Indian Premier League final|2021]]
| next = [[2023 Indian Premier League final|2023]]
}}

The '''2022 Indian Premier League final''' was played on 29 May 2022 at the [[Narendra Modi Stadium]] in [[Ahmedabad]]. It was a [[Day/night cricket|Day/Night]] [[Twenty20]] match, which decided the winner of the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 season]] of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), an annual Twenty20 tournament in India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 May 2022 |title=BCCI announces schedule & venues for IPL 2022 final, playoffs |work=Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/bcci-announces-schedule-venues-for-ipl-2022-final-playoffs-7899791/}}</ref> [[Gujarat Titans]], playing their first tournament, won the match and the title by defeating [[Rajasthan Royals]] by seven wickets. Captain of the Titans, [[Hardik Pandya]], was also the [[player of the match]].<ref name=":0" />

==Background==
On 24 February 2022, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] announced the schedule for the 2022 season of the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]. Four venues were scheduled to host the group stage. The schedule for the playoffs was announced on 3 May. [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] was chosen to host qualifier 1 and the eliminator where as the [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Ahmedabad]] was chosen to host the qualifier 2 and the final.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=IPL 2022 to start from March 26, final on May 29 |work=The Hindu |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2022-start-date-schedule-final-matches-march-26-may-29/article38437858.ece}}</ref> Gujarat Titans and Rajasthan Royals played the Final on 29 May 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2022 |title=IPL Final: Gujarat Titans Brace Up For Fight Against Rajasthan Royals |work=NDTVSports |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2022/ipl-final-gujarat-titans-brace-up-for-fight-against-rajasthan-royals-3017095}}</ref>

==Road to the final==
{{small|Source: ESPNcricinfo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League 2022 – Fixtures and Results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2022-1298423/match-results |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>}} {{small|India Today<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhury |first=Sabyasachi |date=29 March 2022 |title=IPL 2022 Final, GT vs RR: Gujarat Titans' road to the final |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2022/story/ipl-2022-final-gt-vs-rr-gujarat-titans-road-to-the-final-1955575-2022-05-29}}</ref>}} {{small|Firstpost<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=IPL 2022: Rajasthan Royals (RR) road to final |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/ipl-2022-rajasthan-royals-rr-road-to-playoffs-10709501.html}}</ref>}}

{| style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
!colspan="3"|[[Gujarat Titans]]
!vs
!colspan="3"|[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
!colspan="7"|League Stage
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|Titles
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|28 March 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 1
|style="text-align:left"|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|29 March 2022
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi Capitals]]
|2 April 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 2
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|2 April 2022
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab Kings]]
|8 April 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 3
|style="text-align:left"|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|5 April 2022
|Lost
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|11 April 2022
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 4
|style="text-align:left"|[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|10 April 2022
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|14 April 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 5
|style="text-align:left"|[[Gujarat Titans]]
|14 April 2022
|Lost
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|17 April 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 6
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|18 April 2022
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|23 April 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 7
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi Capitals]]
|18 April 2022
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|27 April 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 8
|style="text-align:left"|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|26 April 2022
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|30 April 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 9
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|30 April 2022
|Lost
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab Kings]]
|3 May 2022
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 10
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|2 May 2022
|Lost
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|6 May 2022
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 11
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab Kings]]
|7 May 2022
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|10 May 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 12
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi Capitals]]
|11 May 2022
|Lost
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|15 May 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 13
|style="text-align:left"|[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|15 May 2022
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|19 May 2022
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 14
|style="text-align:left"|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|20 May 2022
|Won

|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
!colspan="7"|Playoff stage
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
!colspan="3"|Qualifier 1
!
!colspan="3"|Qualifier 1
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|Titles
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|24 May 2022
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 15
|style="text-align:left"|[[Gujarat Titans]]
|24 May 2022
|Lost
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
!colspan="3"|
!
!colspan="3"|Qualifier 2
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|
|
|
|Titles
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|
|
|
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 16
|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|27 May 2022
|Won
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
!colspan="7"|2022 Indian Premier League final
|}

===Group stage===
[[Gujarat Titans]] started their season with a 5 wicket win over [[Lucknow Super Giants]] at the [[Wankhede Stadium]] in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gujarat vs Lucknow Live Score, Match 57 of IPL 2022|url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/lucknow-vs-gujarat-ipl-2022-match-57-live-score-53666/ |website=myKhel |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> They went on a three match winning streak until it was broken by [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2022 Match 21: Williamson half century helps Sunrisers snap Gujarat Titans' unbeaten run |url=https://thebridge.in/cricket/ipl-2022-williamson-half-century-sunrisers-snap-gujarat-titans-unbeaten-run-30617 |website=The Bridge |date=11 April 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> They went on a five match winning streak after that loss but lost three of their last five matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab ends Gujarat's five match winning streak |url=https://newsband.in/?p=30773 |website=Newsband | date=5 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> They ended the group stage with 10 wins and 4 losses, finishing first in the table.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League - Cricket Schedules, Updates, Results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/match-results |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="Indian Premier League 2022">{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League 2022 Table, Matches, win, loss, points for Indian Premier League |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/points-table-standings |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

[[Rajasthan Royals]] started their season with a 61 run win over [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] at the [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]] in [[Pune]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Royals vs Sunrisers 5th March 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-rajasthan-royals-5th-match-1304051/full-scorecard |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> Their first loss came against [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Royals beat RCB Royals won by 29 runs |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-rajasthan-royals-39th-match-1304085/live-cricket-score |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> in their third match. They won five of their first seven matches and four of their next seven matches. They ended the group stage with 9 wins and 5 losses. Although they had the same number of points as [[Lucknow Super Giants]], they finished in the second spot as they had a higher [[net run rate]].<ref name="Indian Premier League 2022" />

===League stage matches between finalists===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 14 April 2022
| time = 19:30
| night = yes
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| team1 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 192/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 155/9 (20 overs)
| motm = [[Hardik Pandya]] (Gujarat)
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/rajasthan-royals-vs-gujarat-titans-24th-match-1304070/full-scorecard]
| result = Gujarat won by 37 runs
}}

Gujarat won the only fixture between the two teams by 37 runs on 14 April in [[Navi Mumbai]]. [[Hardik Pandya]] scored 87* and was the [[player of the match]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Titans vs Royals 24th Match 2022 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/rajasthan-royals-vs-gujarat-titans-24th-match-1304070/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hardik brings the thrill as Titans top table |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/rajasthan-royals-vs-gujarat-titans-24th-match-1304070/match-report |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

===Playoffs===
The playoff stage of IPL was played according to the [[Page playoff]] system and provided Gujarat and Rajasthan, being the top and second-ranked teams, with two chances for qualifying for the Final. These teams first faced each other in Qualifier 1, with Gujarat, as the winners, qualifying directly for the final; Rajasthan, as the loser of Qualifier 1, played against the winner of the Eliminator in Qualifier 2, with the winner of that match qualifying for the final.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Miller and Hardik muscle Titans into the IPL final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/gujarat-titans-vs-rajasthan-royals-qualifier-1-1312197/match-report |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League - Cricket Schedules, Updates, Results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/match-results |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

{{Limited overs matches
| date = 24 May 2022
| round = '''Qualifier 1'''
| time = 19:30
| night = yes
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 188/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 191/3 (19.3 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 7 wickets
| motm = [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] (Gujarat)
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/gujarat-titans-vs-rajasthan-royals-qualifier-1-1312197/live-cricket-score]
}}

In Qualifier 1, Gujarat won the toss and chose to field. Rajasthan scored 188 in their 20 overs with [[Jos Buttler]] top scored for Rajasthan with 89*. [[Rashid Khan]] was Gujarat's best bowler, despite not taking a wicket, he bowled four overs at an economy of 3.75. [[Mohammed Shami]], [[Yash Dayal]], [[Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore|R Sai Kishore]] and [[Hardik Pandya]] took a wicket each for Gujarat. In reply, Gujarat chased the total down with three balls to spare. [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] top scored with 68* and was awarded [[Player of the Match awards (cricket)|player of the match]]. As a result, Gujarat qualified for the final.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titans beat Royals Titans won by 7 wickets (with 3 balls remaining) - Royals vs Titans, Indian Premier League, Qualifier 1 Match Summary, Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/gujarat-titans-vs-rajasthan-royals-qualifier-1-1312197/live-cricket-score |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

The [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] won against [[Lucknow Super Giants]] in the Eliminator to set up a match against Rajasthan to decide the second finalist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Sparkling Patidar 112 knocks LSG out |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/lucknow-super-giants-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-eliminator-1312198/match-report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

{{Limited overs matches
| date = 27 May 2022
| round = '''Qualifier 2'''
| time = 19:30
| night = yes
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 157/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 161/3 (18.1 overs)
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 7 wickets
| motm = [[Jos Buttler]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/rajasthan-royals-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-qualifier-2-1312199/full-scorecard]
}}

In Qualifier 2, Rajasthan won the toss and chose to field. Bangalore scored 157/8 in their 20 overs. [[Rajat Patidar]] top scored for them with 58 while [[Prasidh Krishna]] was the best bowler for Rajasthan with 3/22. In reply, Rajasthan chased the target in 18.1 overs, with [[Jos Buttler]] scoring a century. Rajasthan qualified for their first final since [[2008 Indian Premier League final|2008]], and their second final overall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of RCB vs Royals Qualifier 2 2022 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/rajasthan-royals-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-qualifier-2-1312199/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Buttler ton, Prasidh-McCoy show put Royals in IPL final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/rajasthan-royals-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-qualifier-2-1312199/match-report |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Match==

===Match officials===
Source:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Royals vs Titans Final 2022 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/gujarat-titans-vs-rajasthan-royals-final-1312200/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-05-30 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''On-field [[umpire (cricket)|umpires]]''': [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
* '''[[Third umpire]]''': [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind)
* '''[[Fourth umpire|Reserve umpire]]''': [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind)
* '''[[Match referee]]''': [[Javagal Srinath]] (Ind)
* '''[[Toss (cricket)|Toss]]''': Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.

===Summary===
[[Sanju Samson]] of the Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat to put the opposition Gujarat Titans to field.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=IPL 2022: Sanju Samson wins toss, Lockie Ferguson starts ahead of Alzarri Joseph |work=DNA India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-ipl-2022-gt-vs-rr-sanju-samson-wins-toss-choses-to-bat-first-lockie-ferguson-starts-ahead-of-alzarri-joseph-2956529}}</ref> Rajasthan Royals scored a total of 130 runs for a loss of 9 wickets in their 20 overs. Chasing 131, the Gujarat Titans scored 133 runs for a loss of 3 wickets in just 18.1 overs, winning the match and the Indian Premier League title in their inaugural tournament.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=All-round Hardik Pandya leads debutants Gujarat Titans to dream title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/gujarat-titans-vs-rajasthan-royals-final-1312200/match-report |access-date=2022-05-30 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Titans captain [[Hardik Pandya]] was the player of the match having taken three wickets while conceding 17 runs in his four overs, and following it with a knock of 34 runs in 30 balls.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

==== Rajasthan Royals innings ====
Batting first, the Rajasthan Royals had Indian batsman [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] and England batsman [[Jos Buttler]] opened the innings. The two got off to relatively slow start with Jaiswal taking eight deliveries to get off the mark while Butler ended the power play scoring 10 runs from the 14 balls that he faced. Jaiswal was the first to depart when he was dismissed of the last ball of the fourth over, caught at [[Square leg|deep square leg]] by [[Sai Kishore]] off the bowling of [[Yash Dayal]] having scored 22 runs from 16 balls. Captain [[Sanju Samson]] attempted to accelerate the scoring two boundaries off the very first three deliveries before being out caught by Kishore at [[backward point]] off the bowling of [[Hardik Pandya]], with the score reading 60 for the loss of two wickets from 8.2 overs. Pandya continued to keep the pressure forcing incoming batsman [[Devdutt Padikkal]] to remain scoreless against him across seven deliveries. Padikkal eventually was out to [[Rashid Khan]], caught again at backward point. Butler followed by losing his wicket to Pandya, caught by the wicketkeeper [[Wriddhiman Saha]]. Pandya followed it up with the wicket of [[Shimron Hetmyer]], catching off his own bowling, with the West Indian being out for 11 from 12 deliveries. Royals ended their 20 overs scoring 130 runs for the loss of 9 wickets. Pandya was the pick of the bowlers having taken 3 wickets while conceding 17 runs in his four overs. Kishore claimed two wickets in the two overs that he bowled while conceding 20 runs, taking the wickets of [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] and [[Trent Boult]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Manjrekar on Titans' success: 'A lesson that you don't win the IPL at the auction' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/video/ipl-2022-final-gt-vs-rr-manjrekar-titans-win-a-lesson-that-you-don-t-win-the-ipl-at-the-auctio-1317535 |access-date=2022-05-31 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==== Gujarat Titans innings ====
Indian batsmen [[Wriddhiman Saha]] and [[Shubman Gill]] opened the innings for the Titans. The pair was broken early in the second over when Saha was out bowled by pacer [[Prasidh Krishna]] having scored 5 runs from 7 balls. New Zealand fast bowler Trent followed it up by dismissing Australian batsman [[Matthew Wade]], out caught by [[Riyan Parag]]. The score was 23 runs for the loss of two wickets, bringing the captain Pandya to the crease. Pandya and Gill put on a healthy partnership of 63 runs effectively ensuring that Titans were out of a spot of bother. Pandya was out in the 14th over caught by Jaiswal off the bowling of Indian spinner [[Yuzvendra Chahal]]. Gill went on to see the team through by scoring 45 runs from 43 balls. South African batsman [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] chipped in scoring 32 runs from 19 deliveries ensuring that the Titans scored 133 runs for the loss of 3 wickets, winning the match by 7 wickets with 11 deliveries to spare. Pandya was the player of the match.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />

<section begin="match74" />{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 May 2022
| time = 20:00
| night = y
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| score1 = 130/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jos Buttler]] 39 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| score2 = 133/3 (18.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubman Gill]] 45[[not out|*]] (43)
| wickets2 = [[Trent Boult]] 1/14 (4 overs)
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1312200.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Hardik Pandya]] (Gujarat Titans)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
| round = {{anchor|match74}}
}}

===Scorecard===
Source:<ref name=":0" />
{| class=wikitable style="width: 60%;"
|+ Rajasthan Royals innings
|-
! [[Batsman]]
! [[Dismissal (cricket)|Method of dismissal]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Delivery (cricket)|Balls]]
! [[Strike rate#Batting strike rate|Strike rate]]
|-
| [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] || c Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore b Yash Dayal || 22 || 16 || 137.50
|-
| [[Jos Buttler]] || c Wriddhiman Saha b Hardik Pandya || 39 || 35 || 111.43
|-
| [[Sanju Samson]] || c Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore b Hardik Pandya || 14 || 11 || 127.27
|-
| [[Devdutt Padikkal]] || c Mohammed Shami b Rashid Khan || 2 || 10 || 20.00
|-
| [[Shimron Hetmyer]] || c and b Hardik Pandya || 11 || 12 || 91.67
|-
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] || c David Miller b Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore || 6 || 9 || 66.67
|-
| [[Riyan Parag]] || b Mohammed Shami || 15 || 15 || 100.00
|-
| [[Trent Boult]] || c Rahul Tewatia b Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore || 11 || 7 || 157.14
|-
| [[Obed McCoy]] || run out Rahul Tewatia || 8 || 5 || 160.00
|-
| [[Prasidh Krishna]] || not out || 0 || – || –
|-
| [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] || Did not bat || || ||
|-
| Extras || (0 [[Bye (cricket)|b]], 2[[Leg bye|lb]], 0[[No-ball|nb]], 0[[Wide (cricket)|wd]]) || 2 || colspan="2" |
|-
| '''Totals''' || (20 overs, 6.50 runs per over) || '''130/9'''|| colspan="2" |
|}

{| class=wikitable style="width: 60%;"
|+ Gujarat Titans bowling
|-
! width="25%" | [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]
! [[Over (cricket)|Overs]]
! [[Over (cricket)|Maidens]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Wicket]]s
! Economy
|-
| [[Mohammed Shami]] || 4 || 0 || 33 || 1 || 8.25
|-
| [[Yash Dayal]] || 3 || 0 || 18 || 1 || 6.00
|-
| [[Lockie Ferguson]] || 3 || 0 || 22 || 0 || 7.33
|-
| [[Rashid Khan]] || 4 || 0 || 18 || 1 || 4.50
|-
| [[Hardik Pandya]] || 4 || 0 || 17 || 3 || 4.25
|-
| [[Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore|R. Sai Kishore]] || 2 || 0 || 20 || 2 || 10.00
|-
|}
'''Fall of wickets:''' 31/1 (Y. Jaiswal, 3.6 ov), 60/2 (S. Samson, 8.2 ov), 79/3 (D. Padikkal, 11.5 ov), 79/4 (J. Buttler, 12.1 ov), 94/5 (S. Hetmyer, 14.6 ov), 98/6 (R. Ashwin, 15.5 ov), 112/7 (T. Boult, 17.3 ov), 130/8 (O. McCoy, 19.4 ov), 130//9 (R. Parag, 20 ov)

{| class=wikitable style="width: 60%;"
|+ Gujarat Titans innings
|-
! [[Batsman]]
! [[Dismissal (cricket)|Method of dismissal]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Delivery (cricket)|Balls]]
! [[Strike rate#Batting strike rate|Strike rate]]
|-
| [[Wriddhiman Saha]] || b Prasidh Krishna || 5 || 7 || 71.43
|-
| [[Shubman Gill]] || not out || 45 || 43 || 104.65
|-
| [[Matthew Wade]] || c Riyan Parag b Trent Boult || 8 || 10 || 80.00
|-
| [[Hardik Pandya]] || c Yashasvi Jaiswal b Yuzvendra Chahal|| 34 || 30 || 113.33
|-
| [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] ||not out || 32 || 19 || 168.42
|-
| [[Rahul Tewatia]] || Did not bat || || ||
|-
| [[Rashid Khan]] || Did not bat || || ||
|-
| [[Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore|R. Sai Kishore]] || Did not bat || || ||
|-
| [[Lockie Ferguson]] || Did not bat || || ||
|-
| [[Mohammed Shami]] || Did not bat || || ||
|-
| [[Yash Dayal]] || Did not bat || || ||
|-
| Extras || (0 [[Bye (cricket)|b]], 1[[Leg bye|lb]], 0[[No-ball|nb]], 7[[Wide (cricket)|wd]]) || 8 || colspan="2" |
|-
| '''Totals''' || (18.1 overs) || '''133/3''' || colspan="2" |
|}

{| class=wikitable style="width: 60%;"
|+ Rajasthan Royals bowling
|-
! width="25%" | [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]
! [[Over (cricket)|Overs]]
! [[Over (cricket)|Maidens]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Wicket]]s
! Economy
|-
| [[Trent Boult]] || 4 || 1 || 14 || 1 || 3.50
|-
| [[Prasidh Krishna]] || 4 || 0 || 40 || 1 || 10.00
|-
| [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] || 4 || 0 || 20 || 1 || 5.00
|-
| [[Obed McCoy]] || 3.1 || 0 || 26 || 0 || 8.21
|-
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] || 3 || 0 || 32 || 0 || 10.67
|-
|}
'''Fall of wickets:''' 9/1 (W. Saha, 1.4 ov), 23/2 (M. Wade, 4.3 ov), 86/3 (H. Pandya, 13.2 ov)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.iplt20.com/match/2022/531 Match Centre] at IPLT20.com
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2022-1298423/gujarat-titans-vs-rajasthan-royals-final-1312200/live-cricket-score Series home] at ''[[ESPNcricinfo]]''

{{2022 Indian Premier League}}
{{Indian Premier League}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Premier League final, 2022}}
[[Category:2022 Indian Premier League|Final]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League finals|2022]]
[[Category:May 2022 sports events in Asia]]

Aryan (name)

2026-05-01T04:28:13Z

AnnettLevi9: redirect created

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox given name
|name = Aryan
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|pronunciation = Ar-yun
|gender = Male
|meaning = Noble
|region = [[Ancient India]], [[Ancient Iran]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/aryans|title=Aryans|publisher=The Encyclopædia Iranica|language=en-US|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215081959/https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/aryans|url-status=live}}</ref>
|origin = [[Avestan]], [[Old Persian]], [[Sanskrit]] }}

'''Aryan''' also spelled '''Ariyan, Arian''', '''Aryann''' or '''Aaryan''' is a [[given name]] and [[surname]] that is popular in [[India]] and [[Iran]]. The name [[Aryan]] is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] (ārya) meaning "noble and educated" in the Indian context<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohbabynames.com/all-baby-names/aryan/|title=Aryan|website=Oh Baby! Names|date=17 June 2014 |access-date=3 December 2019}}</ref> while it is from [[Old Persian]] (aryaʰ) ("noble and honorable") in the context of Iran.<ref>https://namecensus.com/first-names/arian-meaning-and-history/</ref>

In the [[Anglosphere]], the name has generally negative connotations, due to the [[Nazi racial theories]] about the superiority of the so-called [[Aryan race]] (and related usage of the term by [[white supremacist]] organizations such as [[Aryan Nations]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nameberry.com/babyname/aryan | title=Aryan - Baby Name Meaning, Origin, and Popularity }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/everything-thats-wrong-aryan-trending-193305084.html | title=Everything That's Wrong with Aryan Trending as a Baby Name | date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107144955/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/everything-thats-wrong-aryan-trending-193305084.html |archive-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>

==People with the given name==
*[[Action Bronson|Ariyan Arslani]] (born 1983), American rapper known as Action Bronson
*[[Aryann Bhowmik]] (born 1992), Indian actor
*[[Aryan Bora]] (born 2000), Indian cricketer
*[[Aryan Chopra]] (born 2001), Indian chess grandmaster
*[[Arian Çuliqi]] (born 1960), Albanian television director and screenwriter
*[[Dinesh Kanagaratnam|Aaryan Dinesh Kanagaratnam]] (born 1981), Sri Lankan music entertainer
*[[Aryan Dutt]] (born 2003), Dutch cricketer
*[[Arian Foster]] (born 1986), American football player
*[[Aryan Gholami]] (born 2001), Iranian chess grandmaster
*[[Arian Hametaj]] (born 1957), Albanian footballer
*[[Arián Iznaga]] (born 1978), Cuban Paralympian sprinter
*[[Aryan Jain]] (born 1997), Australian cricketer
*[[Aryan Juyal]] (born 2001), Indian cricketer
*[[Arian Kabashi (footballer, born 1996)|Arian Kabashi]] (born 1996), Kosovan footballer
*[[Arian Kabashi (footballer, born 1997)|Arian Kabashi]] (born 1997), Swedish footballer
*[[Aryan Kaganof]] (born 1964), South African film maker, novelist, poet and fine artist
*[[Aryan Khan]], (born 1997) Indian entrepreneur and filmmaker
*[[Aaryan Krishna Menon]] (born 1986), Indian actor, screenwriter and director
*[[Aryan Lakra]] (born 2001), Indian-born cricketer who plays for the [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team]]
*[[Arian Leviste]] (born 1970), American electronic music artist, producer, and DJ
*[[Arian Moayed]] (born 1980), Iranian-born American actor and theater producer
*[[Aryan Niraj Lamba]] (born 2002), Indian professional footballer
*[[Aryan Pandit]] (born 1990), Indian actor and model
*[[Aryan Prajapati]] (born 2008), Indian child actor
*[[Aryan Rajesh]] (born 1980), Indian film actor
*[[Aryann Roy]], Indian actor
*[[Arian Salimi]] (born 2004), Iranian taekwondo olympics medalist
*[[Aaryan Sigdel]] (born 1981), Nepalese film actor
*[[Aryan Tajbakhsh]] (born 1990), English professional footballer
*[[Aryan Tari]] (born 1999), Norwegian chess grandmaster
*[[Aryan Tsiutryn]] (1994), Russian and Belarusian freestyle wrestler
*[[Aryan Vaid]] (born 1976), Indian model

==People with the surname==
*[[A. V. Aryan]] (1924–2007), Indian politician
*[[Abdul Rashid Arian]] (born 1941), Afghan politician
*[[Arman Arian]] (born 1981), Iranian author, novelist and researcher
*[[Asher Arian]] (1938–2010), American political scientist
*[[Bruce Arians]] (born 1952), American football coach and former player
*[[Ghamar Ariyan]] (1922–2012), Iranian researcher and author
*[[Jake Arians]] (born 1978), American football player
*[[K. C. Aryan]] (1919–2002), Indian contemporary artist, art historian and collector
*[[Kartik Aaryan]] (born 1990), Indian actor
*[[Khadijeh Aryan]] (born 1954), Iranian scholar
*[[Marc Aryan]] (1926–1985), French-Belgian entertainer
*[[Mizanur Rahman Aryan]] (born 1991), Bangladeshi scriptwriter
*[[Aryan (Tamil actor)|Pan Parag Ravi Aryan]] (born 1985), Indian actor
*[[Praskovia Arian]] (1864–1949), Russian and Soviet writer and feminist
*[[Shabana Shajahan Aryan]] (1997), Indian actress

==Fictional characters==
* Aryan Singh, fictional criminal featured in the 2006 Indian film ''[[Dhoom 2]]'', played by Hritik Roshan

==See also==
*[[Arya (name)]]
*[[Ariana (name)]]
{{srt|name}}
*[[Arian (disambiguation)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{given name|type=both}}
[[Category:Indian masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]
[[Category:Sanskrit-language names]]
[[Category:Iranian masculine given names]]

Good Boy (2005 film)

2026-04-29T20:02:50Z

AnnettLevi9: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Good Boy (2005 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = VCD cover
| native_name = 
| director = [[G. Nageswara Reddy]]
| writer = G. Nageswara Reddy
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogue by
| data1 = [[Marudhuri Raja]]
}}
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = K Paidi Babu Kamagari Sunil Kumar Reddy V. Jagadish '''(presents)'''
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Rohit (actor)|Rohit]]
*[[Navneet Kaur Rana|Navneet Kaur]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = S. Arun Kumar
| editing = K. Ram Gopal Reddy
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| studio = Madhura Meenakshi Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|9|22}}
| runtime = 123 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Good Boy''''' is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[drama film]] directed by [[G. Nageswara Reddy]] and starring [[Rohit (actor)|Rohit]] and [[Navneet Kaur Rana|Navneet Kaur]] with [[L. B. Sriram]] and [[Rajyalakshmi]] in supporting roles. The film was released to mixed-to-negative reviews.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Rohit (actor)|Rohit]] as Vamsi
*[[Navneet Kaur Rana|Navneet Kaur]] as Krishna Veni
*[[L. B. Sriram]] as Vamsi's father
*[[Rajyalakshmi]] as Vamsi's mother
*[[Chalapathi Rao]]
*Apoorva
*[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]]
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]]
*[[Brahmanandam]]
*[[Posani Krishna Murali]]
*Babloo as Vamsi's friend
*Sekhar
*Naveen
}}

== Production ==
This film marks the fourth collaboration between [[G. Nageswara Reddy]] and [[Rohit (actor)|Rohit]] after ''[[6 Teens]]'' (2001), ''[[Girl Friend (2002 film)|Girl Friend]]'' (2002), and ''[[Nenu Seetamahalakshmi]]'' (2003). Filming began on 15 April 2003 at the [[Telangana State Police Academy]] (formerly known as Andhra Pradesh Police Academy).<ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-goodboy.html|title=Pressmeet 2: Good Boy|date=15 April 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=4 January 2024|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107161130/https://idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-goodboy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A song was shot at [[Ramoji Film City]] on 13 July 2005. The dialogue portions of the film were completed as of 14 July 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet1-goodboy.html|title=On Location: Good Boy|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=14 July 2005|access-date=4 January 2024|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108030135/https://idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet1-goodboy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The song "Tholisari Tholakarila" was shot at a village situated at ICRISAT, Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/19/stories/2005081901240200.htm|date=19 August 2005|work=The Hindu|access-date=8 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922224324/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/19/stories/2005081901240200.htm|archive-date=22 September 2007|title=Entertaining narrative|last=Narasimham|first=M. L.}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/good-boy-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1165405726|title=Good Boy (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|work=[[Apple Music]]|date=2013|access-date=2024-01-04|archive-date=2023-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319015456/https://music.apple.com/us/album/good-boy-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1165405726|url-status=live}}</ref> The songs were released under the [[Madhura Audio]] label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-goodboy.html|title=Audio release - Good Boy|date=20 July 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=4 January 2024|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108141824/https://idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-goodboy.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ello Maruthi
| extra1 = [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]], Ganga
| length1 = 5:02
| title2 = Namo Namo Venkatesha
| extra2 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Usha (singer)|Usha]]
| length2 = 4:56
| title3 = Manaspoortyga
| extra3 = [[R. P. Patnaik]], Usha
| length3 = 5:48
| title4 = Preminchavepilla
| extra4 = [[Mallikarjun]], Usha
| length4 = 5:41
| title5 = Tholisari Tholakarila
| extra5 = [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[M. M. Srilekha]]
| length5 = 5:13
| title6 = Malle Mogga
| extra6 = Ravi Verma, [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]]
| length6 = 5:14
| total_length = 31:54
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film was initially scheduled to release in mid-July.<ref name="R"/>

Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film three out of five and wrote that "The entertainment value this film provides can compensate the fallibility in the second half. On a whole, this film is passable".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-goodboy.html|title=Movie review - Good Boy|date=22 September 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=Jeevi|access-date=4 January 2024|archive-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712185607/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-goodboy.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1316591}}

{{G. Nageswara Reddy}}
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by G. Nageswara Reddy]]
[[Category:2005 Telugu-language films]]

Chennur Assembly constituency

2026-04-26T18:53:35Z

AnnettLevi9: details

{{short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chennur
| type = SLA
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (2-Chennur highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Chennur Assembly constituency within Telangana
| map_alt =
| district = [[mancherial district|Mancherial]]
| division =
| state = [[Telangana]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Peddapalli]]
| constituency_no = 2
| established =
| mla = [[G. Vivekanand|Gaddam Vivekanand]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| reservation = SC
| electors = 1,49,679
}}

'''Chennur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 119 constituencies of the [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana Legislative Assembly]], India. Initially it was a two-member constituency before 1962; it was later created as a single-member constituency in the year 1962. It is one of three constituencies in [[Mancherial district]]. Chennur is located in the south of the district. It comes under [[Peddapally (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapally Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[G. Vivekanand|Gaddam Vivekanand]] of [[Indian National Congress]] is currently representing the constituency.

==Mandals==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Chennur, Mancherial district|Chennur]]
|-
| [[Mandamarri]]
|-
| [[Kotapally]]
|-
| [[Jaipur mandal|Jaipur]]
|-
| [[Bheemaram]]
|}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan="3" | Kodati Rajamallu || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || C. Narayana || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Sothuku Sanjeev Rao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="4" | [[Boda Janardhan]] || {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Gaddam Vinod Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan="2" | [[Nallala Odelu]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Balka Suman]]
|-
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[G. Vivekanand]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
{{legend|#c2f3d9|{{small|Andhra Pradesh}}|invert=yes}}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. Vivekanand]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 87,541 |percentage = 57.51% |change = {{increase}}24.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Balka Suman]] |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 50,026 |percentage = 32.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Durgam Ashok |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,375 |percentage = 2.22% |change = {{increase}}0.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thungapindi Ramesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,166 |percentage = 1.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,792 |percentage = 1.18% |change = {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Asampelly Sampath Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,444 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dasarapu Srinivas |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,398 |percentage = 0.92% |change = {{increase}}0.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nandipati Raju |party = Dharma Samaj Party |votes = 948 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 37,515 |percentage = 24.64% |change = {{increase}}3.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 152,246 |percentage = 80.80% |change = {{decrease}}1.78 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 152,230}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,417 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.68 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |swing = {{increase}}3.60 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/telangana/chennur-mla-results|title=Live CHENNUR Seat Election Result 2018 in Telangana|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Balka Suman]] |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 71,980 |percentage = 53.91% |change = {{increase}}2.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatesh Netha Borlakunta |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 43,848 |percentage = 32.84% |change = {{increase}}2.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sogala Sanjeev |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 6,274 |percentage = 4.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Andugula Srinivas |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,026 |percentage = 1.52% |change = {{decrease}}4.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Damuka Suresh Babu |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,492 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bojja Ramana Kumari |party = Pyramid Party of India |votes = 1,335 |percentage = 1.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sujatha Surepally |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,200 |percentage = 0.90% |change = {{decrease}}0.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rakesh Regunta |party = Nava Praja Rajyam Party |votes = 1,035 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Boda Janardhan |party = Bahujana Left Party |votes = 983 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Cheepelli Kiran |party = Independent politician |votes = 937 |percentage = 0.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,132 |percentage = 21.07% |change = {{increase}}0.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 135,679 |percentage = 82.58% |change = {{increase}}9.49 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 133,529}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 164,296 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}5.98 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |swing = {{increase}}2.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/PartyWiseResultS01.htm?st=S01 |title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends & Result 2014 - Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=eciresults.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518213039/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/PartyWiseResultS01.htm?st=S01}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Nallala Odelu]] |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 64,867 |percentage = 51.44% |change = {{increase}}11.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaddam Vinod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,703 |percentage = 30.69% |change = {{increase}}0.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ram Venu |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,879 |percentage = 6.25% |change = {{increase}}3.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sogala Sanjeev |party = Republican Paksha (Khoripa) |votes = 5,711 |percentage = 4.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,616 |percentage = 1.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thungapindi Ramesh |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,607 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Seggam Rajeshwar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,415 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Medapaka Sathish |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,069 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thogari Banesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,064 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mekala Prameela |party = Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party |votes = 843 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,164 |percentage = 20.75% |change = {{increase}}10.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 127,732 |percentage = 73.09% |change = {{decrease}}1.94 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 126,105}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 174,748 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.42 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |swing = {{increase}}11.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4054-andhra-pradesh-2009/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Nallala Odelu]] |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 45,012 |percentage = 39.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Vinod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,463 |percentage = 29.72% |change = {{decrease}}30.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Andugula Srinivas |party = Praja Rajyam Party |votes = 20,902 |percentage = 18.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arumulla Posham |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,843 |percentage = 2.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mekala Saroja |party = Lok Satta Party |votes = 2,780 |percentage = 2.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Volapu Srinivas |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,646 |percentage = 2.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ponnala Vinay Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,103 |percentage = 1.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadi Yesaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,953 |percentage = 1.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadi Mallaiah |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 877 |percentage = 0.78% |change = {{decrease}}0.50 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,549 |percentage = 10.26% |change = {{decrease}}18.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 112,622 |percentage = 75.03% |change = {{increase}}4.11 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 112,579}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 150,107 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}16.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}20.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AP_2004.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 4 Mar 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304113812/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AP_2004.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gaddam Vinod Kumar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 77,240 |percentage = 60.63% |change = {{increase}}24.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Boda Janardhan]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 40,459 |percentage = 31.76% |change = {{decrease}}10.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jangli Ganganna |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,954 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jhadi Mallaiah |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,631 |percentage = 1.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jhadi Yesaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,541 |percentage = 1.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Durgam Shivaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 985 |percentage = 0.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maddela Pocham |party = Independent politician |votes = 906 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Olepu Srinivas |party = Independent politician |votes = 859 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 36,781 |percentage = 28.87% |change = {{increase}}22.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 127,420 |percentage = 70.92% |change = {{increase}}3.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 127,395}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 25 |percentage = 0.02% |change = {{decrease}}5.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 179,673 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{increase}}18.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AP99.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AP99.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Boda Janardhan]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 47,764 |percentage = 42.50% |change = {{decrease}}23.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Vinod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,544 |percentage = 36.08% |change = {{increase}}8.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bandas Ponaganti |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 18,758 |percentage = 16.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kodati Pradeep |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,826 |percentage = 2.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijaya Laxmi |party = Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S.Srivastava) |votes = 1,857 |percentage = 1.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,220 |percentage = 6.42% |change = {{decrease}}32.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 119,123 |percentage = 67.26% |change = {{decrease}}4.74 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 112,382}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,741 |percentage = 5.66% |change = {{increase}}2.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 177,119 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{decrease}}23.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-AP94.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-AP94.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Boda Janardhan]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 72,520 |percentage = 65.78% |change = {{increase}}16.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sothuku Sanjeev Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,912 |percentage = 27.13% |change = {{decrease}}5.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nallala Odeiah |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,971 |percentage = 2.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arumulla Posham |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,724 |percentage = 2.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Byirumalla Mogilaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,394 |percentage = 1.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 42,608 |percentage = 38.65% |change = {{increase}}22.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 114,315 |percentage = 72.00% |change = {{increase}}25.51 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 110,241}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,074 |percentage = 3.56% |change = {{decrease}}3.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 158,764 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{increase}}16.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatRep_AP_89.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatRep_AP_89.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Boda Janardhan]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 30,733 |percentage = 48.97% |change = {{decrease}}11.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Pradeep |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,749 |percentage = 33.06% |change = {{increase}}1.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Sanjeeva Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,500 |percentage = 11.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharmapuri Ramaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,144 |percentage = 3.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Guda Chandraiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,634 |percentage = 2.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,984 |percentage = 15.91% |change = {{decrease}}13.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 67,695 |percentage = 46.49% |change = {{decrease}}10.54 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,760}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,935 |percentage = 7.29% |change = {{increase}}5.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 145,597 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{decrease}}11.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20andhra%20pradesh.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20andhra%20pradesh.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Boda Janardhan]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 38,757 |percentage = 60.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Devaki Devi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,086 |percentage = 31.30% |change = {{decrease}}4.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharmapuri Ramaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,818 |percentage = 5.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Byirumalla Mogilaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 873 |percentage = 1.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dasari Lingaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 400 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,671 |percentage = 29.10% |change = {{increase}}19.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,597 |percentage = 57.03% |change = {{decrease}}6.88 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,169}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,428 |percentage = 2.18% |change = {{decrease}}2.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,025 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.97 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}14.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201983.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201983.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sothuku Sanjeev Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 28,631 |percentage = 45.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Devaki Devi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,515 |percentage = 35.98% |change = {{increase}}14.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thangaram Gaddaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,407 |percentage = 3.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Undeti Swamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,974 |percentage = 3.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thungapindi Mallesham |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,712 |percentage = 2.74% |change = {{decrease}}20.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Narayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,612 |percentage = 2.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Shankaraiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,581 |percentage = 2.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ondara Dharmaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 578 |percentage = 0.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mentari Ramanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 507 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bharimalle Mogliah |party = Independent politician |votes = 499 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,116 |percentage = 9.77% |change = {{decrease}}16.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,649 |percentage = 63.91% |change = {{increase}}3.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,584}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,065 |percentage = 4.67% |change = {{decrease}}0.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 102,728 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}4.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = C. Narayana |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 25,476 |percentage = 49.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Votarikari Prabahkar |party = Janata Party |votes = 11,878 |percentage = 23.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tagaram Venkaty |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,223 |percentage = 21.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chinthala Suryanarayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,276 |percentage = 4.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,598 |percentage = 26.58% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,692 |percentage = 60.02% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,159}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,533 |percentage = 4.72% |change = }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,457 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statittical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201972.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statittical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201972.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link |candidate = Kodati Rajamallu |party = Indian National Congress |percentage = |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,452 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.60 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201967.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201967.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kodati Rajamallu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,328 |percentage = 46.09% |change = {{decrease}}25.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajamallaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,645 |percentage = 38.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Muthaiah |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,093 |percentage = 10.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,534 |percentage = 4.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,683 |percentage = 7.14% |change = {{decrease}}43.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 40,954 |percentage = 59.59% |change = {{increase}}8.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,600}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,729 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}25.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Chennur <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_AP_1962.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_AP_1962.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kodati Rajamallu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,629 |percentage = 71.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,461 |percentage = 20.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chikoti Babu Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,934 |percentage = 7.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,168 |percentage = 50.60% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 27,311 |percentage = 50.96% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,024}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,597 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150215232004/http://www.chennur.in/ Chennur Constituency Website]

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}

{{coord|18.85|79.79|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Mancherial district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]

Kirit Parmar

2026-04-25T03:40:53Z

AnnettLevi9: made new details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kirit Parmar
| image =
| office = 35th [[List of mayors of Ahmedabad|Mayor of Ahmedabad]]
| term_start = 10 March 2021
| successor = Pratibha Jain
| term_end = 11 September 2023
| deputy = Gitaben Patel
| predecessor = Bijal Patel
| party = [[BJP]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|8|13}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India
}}
'''Kirit Parmar''' (born on 13 August 1966 in [[Ahmedabad]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=झुग्गी झोपड़ी में रहते हैं अहमदाबाद मेयर किरीट परमार, एक कमरे के घर में कूलर-फ्रिज तक नहीं |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/ahmedabad/kirit-parmar-ahmedabad-mayor-biography-in-hindi-his-lifestyle-and-slum-area-house/articlecontent-pf339014-609029.html |website=Oneindia}}</ref> is an Indian politician who became [[Mayor of Ahmedabad]] on 10 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayor |url=https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/Static_pages/corp_may_incu.jsp |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Amdavad Municipal Corporation |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011152711/https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/Static_pages/corp_may_incu.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=First Citizen Takes Charge |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.com/first-citizen-takes-charge/81440795.html |website=Ahmedabad Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अहमदाबाद: किरीट परमार ने संभाला महापौर का पदभार, झुग्गी में रहकर जीते हैं सादगी भरा जीवन |url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/ahmedabad-kirit-parmar-took-over-as-mayor-living-simple-life-in-slums |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-11 |title=Kiritbhai Parmar is Ahmedabad Mayor, Gitaben new deputy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/kiritbhai-parmar-is-ahmedabad-mayor-gitaben-new-deputy-7223130/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He was a city councillor from 2010 to 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kirit Parmar likely new mayor of Ahmedabad |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.com/kirit-parmar-likely-new-mayor-of-abad/81421284.html |website=Ahmedabad Mirror}}</ref> He is a member of the right-wing Hindu nationalist [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=संघ के स्वयंसेवक किरीट परमार ने अहमदाबाद के मेयर का पद संभाला, उनकी सादगी की पूरे गुजरात में चर्चा हो रही |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/gujarat/news/ahmedabads-new-mayor-kirit-parmar-lives-in-a-one-room-roofed-house-in-hirabhagats-chali-in-bapunagar-128308974.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Mayor Kirit Parmar Road in Ahmedabad is named after him.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=Congress 'renames' badly damaged roads |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-congress-renames-badly-damaged-roads/articleshow/93787569.cms |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=The Times of India |date= 26 August 2022|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parmar, Kirit}}
[[Category:21st-century mayors of places in India]]
[[Category:Mayors of Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh members]]

{{India-mayor-stub}}

Muthorai Palada

2026-04-23T23:40:40Z

AnnettLevi9: put up the entry w/ refs

{{Short description|Village in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Muthorai Palada
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|11.370705779777614|N|76.66624548294587|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[State (polity)|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nilgiris]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code = 627101
| demographics_type1 = Language(s)
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
}}
'''Muthorai Palada''', also known as M. Palada, is a village located about {{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Ooty]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jo6cEAAAQBAJ |title=Lonely Planet India |date= October 2022|publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-83758-033-0 |language=en}}</ref> It falls within [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]] district.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Premkumar |first=Rohan |date=2023-08-14 |title=Lacking waste disposal mechanism, carrot-cleaning units in the Nilgiris attract wild animals into human settlements |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/carrot-cleaning-units-in-nilgiris-attract-wild-animals-into-human-settlements/article67193417.ece |access-date=2024-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=M.palada Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of M.palada, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/tamil-nadu/nilgiris/m.palada |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref> The pincode is 643004.<ref>{{Cite web |last=english |title=M Palada Pin Code - 643004, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search nilgiris Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/tamil-nadu/nilgiris/m-palada-pincode-643004.html |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Landmarks==
[[File:Interior Tribal Museum M.Palada Nilgiris Nov25 A7CR 09721.jpg|left|thumb|Interior of the Tribal Museum]]
A tribal museum was opened in 1995 in Muthorai Palada. It aims to preserve the cultural heritage of the tribes in the Nilgiris and Andamans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribal Museum {{!}} The Nilgiris District, Tamilnadu {{!}} India |url=https://nilgiris.nic.in/tourist-place/tribal-museum/ |access-date=2024-08-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is located within the Tribal Research Centre.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Planet |first1=Lonely |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0muyDwAAQBAJ |title=Lonely Planet South India & Kerala |last2=Noble |first2=Isabella |last3=Benanav |first3=Michael |last4=Harding |first4=Paul |last5=Raub |first5=Kevin |last6=Stewart |first6=Iain |date=2019-10-01 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-78868-742-3 |language=en}}</ref> The research center is also involved in creating livelihood opportunities for the tribal communities, and raises awareness of issues faced by the tribes.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Premkumar |first=Rohan |date=2021-06-30 |title=Fuel station in Nilgiris employees Adivasi families, supports livelihoods |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/fuel-station-in-nilgiris-employees-adivasi-families-supports-livelihoods/article35054316.ece |access-date=2024-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The [[Nilgiri Mountains]] have been home to several indigenous tribes including [[Toda people|Toda]], [[Kota people (India)|Kota]], [[Kurumba (tribe)|Kurumba]], [[Irula people|Irula]], [[Paniya people|Paniya]] and [[Kattunayakan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-11-24 |title=Govt enhancing livelihood of tribal communities: Minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/govt-enhancing-livelihood-of-tribal-communities-minister/articleshow/95728720.cms |access-date=2024-08-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gangopadhyay |first=Uttara |date=2015-05-08 |title=16 top attractions of Ooty |url=https://www.outlooktraveller.com/explore/hot-lists/16-top-attractions-of-ooty |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Outlook Traveller |language=en}}</ref>

[[Eklavya Model Residential School]] in Muthorai Palada is part of [[Government of India]]'s scheme for schooling of children of scheduled tribes across India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijayakumar |first=Pearson Lenekar SR, Subashini |date=2024-07-12 |title=Ten Tamil Nadu tribal students secure admission in NIT, top institutes |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Jul/12/10-tn-tribal-students-secure-admission-in-nit-top-institutes |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2022-06-07 |title=Governor visits school in the Nilgiris |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/governor-visits-school-in-the-nilgiris/article65503930.ece |access-date=2024-08-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

[[Good Shepherd International School, Ooty|Good Shepherd International School]], founded in 1977, is located in Muthorai Palada.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bingham |first=Derek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5izEimCzloC |title=CIS International Schools Directory 2009/10 |date= October 2009|publisher=John Catt Educational Ltd |isbn=978-1-904724-68-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-02-21 |title=Rare honour for Good Shepherd International School |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/rare-honour-for-good-shepherd-international-school/article6921046.ece |access-date=2024-08-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Economy==
Agriculture is a key sector of Muthorai Palada's economy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-28 |title=Abundant carrot harvest brings down prices |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/abundant-carrot-harvest-brings-down-prices/articleshow/64346394.cms |access-date=2024-08-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The village has carrot, garlic and potato farms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. Senthil |date=2024-07-29 |title=Ooty farmers say carrot crop damaged by rain, officials say guidelines ignored |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Jul/29/ooty-farmers-say-carrot-crop-damaged-by-rain-officials-say-guidelines-ignored |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nilgiris district]]

Chaudhari Hyder Husein

2026-04-23T07:37:10Z

AnnettLevi9: data

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chaudhari Hyder Husein
| office = Member of the [[1st Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 1957
| term_end = 1952
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1890|12|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = Garhi Bhilwal, [[Barabanki district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
| term_start1 = 14 July 1947
| term_end1 = 24 January 1950
| alma_mater = Canning College, Lucknow [[St. Catherine's College, Oxford]]
| parents = Chaudhri Ghazanfar Husein (father)
| spouse = Safiah Hyder Husein (m. 1914)
| predecessor = ''position established''
| successor = Dinesh Pratap Singh
| constituency = [[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]]
| predecessor1 = ''position established''
| successor1 = ''position delimited''
| honorific_prefix = Barrister
}}
'''Chaudhari Hyder Husein''' was an Indian politician. He was the member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]] from the [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]] through the [[Indian National Congress]] ticket.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-24 |title=Chaudhri Hyder Husein MP biodata Gonda District (North) {{!}} ENTRANCE INDIA |url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/chaudhri-hyder-husein-member-of-parliament-mp-from-gonda-district-north-uttar-pradesh-biodata/ |access-date=2023-01-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1937 he was a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} Husein was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and. later, the [[Lok Sabha]] from 1952 to 1957, representing the [[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name = entrance>{{Cite web |title=Chaudhri Hyder Husein {{!}} ENTRANCE INDIA |date=21 January 2019 |url=https://entranceindia.com/tag/chaudhri-hyder-husein/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> He was President of the Oudh Bar Association High Court Lucknow from 1966 to 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oudh Bar Association High Court Lucknow |url=https://www.oudhbarassociation.in/AllPresidents.aspx |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=www.oudhbarassociation.in| quote= Late Chaudhry Haider Hussain}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Chaudhari Hyder Husein was born at Garhi Bhilwal in [[Barabanki district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] on 24 December 1890. He completed his schooling from Church Mission High School, [[Lucknow]].<ref name = entrance/> He studied at various colleges and universities, including [[Aligarh Muslim University|M.A.O. College, Aligarh]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] and [[Trinity College Dublin|Trinity College]], Dublin.<ref name = entrance/>

== Political beginnings ==
Husein became a member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]] in 1937. Later, he was a Member, [[Constituent Assembly of India]] and the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Provisional Parliament of India]].<ref name = entrance/>

== Lok Sabha ==
Husein was elected to the Constituent Assembly{{when|date=January 2023}} from the [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]] through an [[Indian National Congress]] ticket. He did not actively participate in the Assembly debates. Husein made only one speech.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

== Judicial career ==
Husein served as a [[Advocate#India|senior advocate]] in the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref name = entrance/>

== Personal life ==
Husein married Safiah Hyder Husein on 24 November 1914; they had two sons and five daughters.<ref name = entrance/>

His hobby was agriculture and he was involved in many organizations and associations, including the Guardians’ Association, Madrasa-i-Qadimia; the Uttar Pradesh Branch of the National Rifle Association; Indian Council of World Affairs; and Director, British-Indian Corporation, Kanpur and Sitapur Electric Supply Company.<ref name = entrance/>
He visited United States of America, Southern Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Greece.<ref name = entrance/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Husein, Chaudhari Hyder}}
[[Category:People from Barabanki district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]

Raghavendra P. Tiwari

2026-04-20T09:03:37Z

AnnettLevi9: Adding

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raghavendra P. Tiwari
| image = Prof. Raghavendra P. Tiwari, Vice Chancellor, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Prof. Raghavendra P. Tiwari, Vice Chancellor, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda
| order =
| order3 =
| office3 = [[Professor]], Department of Geology at [[Mizoram University]]
| term_start3 = 12 April 1984
| term_end3 = 18 March 2015
| office2 = [[Vice Chancellor]] of [[Dr. Hari Singh Gour University]](Central University)
| term_start2 = 18 March 2015
| term_end2 = 22 August 2020
| predecessor2 = Prof. Namdeo Gajbhiye
| successor2 = Prof. Neelima Gupta<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agrawal |first=Soniya |date=2021-09-23 |title=Yogesh Singh appointed new Vice Chancellor of Delhi University |url=https://theprint.in/india/education/yogesh-singh-appointed-new-vice-chancellor-of-delhi-university/738447/ |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
| office1 = [[Vice Chancellor]] of [[Central University of Punjab]]
| term_start1 = 22 August 2020
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Prof.[[R. K. Kohli]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-09-07|title=Prof RK Kohli takes over as vice chancellor of Central University of Punjab|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/prof-rk-kohli-takes-over-as-vice-chancellor-of-central-university-of-punjab/articleshow/41939098.cms|access-date=2023-10-28|issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| birth_date = 1959
| birth_place = [[Badraon Tiwariyan]]
| birth_name =
| party =
| spouse =
| partner = 
| relations =
| children =
| parents =
| alma_mater = [[Dr. Hari Singh Gour University]], [[Gauhati University]]
| occupation = Professor, Vice-Chancellor
| profession = Teaching, Administration
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Raghavendra P. Tiwari''' (born 1959) is the [[Vice Chancellor]] of [[Central University of Punjab]], [[Bathinda]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vidwan {{!}} Profile Page|url=https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/65727|access-date=2021-12-16|website=vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in}}</ref> He has also served as the Vice-Chancellor in [[Dr. Hari Singh Gour University]], Sagar M.P.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=Raghavendra P Tiwari is new vice-chancellor of Central University of Punjab in Bathinda|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/raghavendra-p-tiwari-is-new-vice-chancellor-of-central-university-of-punjab-in-bathinda/story-bNqnqextU59iBHMSRIlzPI.html|access-date=2021-12-16|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=15 August 2020|title=Professor Raghavendra Prasad Tiwari appointed vice-chancellor of Central University of Punjab {{!}} Amritsar News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/prof-tiwari-appointed-central-university-of-punjabs-3rd-vc/articleshow/77554078.cms|access-date=2021-12-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Education==
He completed his graduation from A.P.S. University, Rewa, M.P. and completed his PG degree in [[Applied geology|Applied Geology]] from [[Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya]], Sagar M.P. and Ph D degree in Palaeontology from [[Gauhati University]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Congress|first=The Library of|title=Tiwari, Raghavendra P., 1959- - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies {{!}} Library of Congress, from LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)|url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2012219353.html|access-date=2022-02-24|website=id.loc.gov}}</ref> He is also specialized in GPS Geodesy and seismology. He is pioneered in palaeobiological and biostratigraphic researches in India. He has supervised 18 doctoral thesis and successfully completed ten major research projects funded by Ministry of Science & Technology and Ministry of Earth Sciences. He has published nearly 100 research papers in national and international journals. He has been in the editorial board of four national and international journals, and reviewer of five research journals. He has been a Member of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] and the Executive Council of NAAC, Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=INDIAN RESEARCH INFORMATION NETWORK SYSTEM|url=http://irins.inflibnet.ac.in/|access-date=2021-12-16|website=irins.inflibnet.ac.in|language=en}}</ref>

==Books==
* {{Cite book|title=Geodynamics, sedimentation and biotic response in the context of India-Asia collision: proceedings of the nation seminar, November 26-28, 2009|date=2011|publisher=Geological Society of India|isbn=978-81-907636-2-2|editor-last=Tiwari |editor-first=Raghavendra P |location=Bangalore |language=English|oclc=841363520}}.
* {{Cite book|last1=Tiwari|first1=Raghavendra P|title=Indian Miocene: a geodynamic and chronologic framework for palaeobiota, sedimentary environments and palaeoclimates|last2=Palaeontological Society of India|last3=Centre of Advanced Study in Geology|date=2014|isbn=978-81-926033-2-2|language=English|oclc=897871702}}.

==Career==
He served for 32 years [[Mizoram University]], in various capacities as the Head, Department of Geology, Dean of School of Studies for 13 years and Finance Officer (additional charge) besides serving as members of the Academic Council, Executive Council and the University Court, Member, Mizoram State Higher Education Council; Member, Governing Body and Research Advisory Council of [[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]], Dehradun; Member, Research Advisory Council of [[Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences]] (BSIP), Lucknow; Member, Exploration Research Advisory Committee of Atomic Mineral Division, North Eastern Region, Shillong and worked as Professor (HAG) in Geology in Mizoram University till 2015. He has headed several committee of UGC, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India concerning higher education.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-14 |title=Raghavendra P Tiwari is new vice-chancellor of Central University of Punjab in Bathinda |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/raghavendra-p-tiwari-is-new-vice-chancellor-of-central-university-of-punjab-in-bathinda/story-bNqnqextU59iBHMSRIlzPI.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
* L. Rama Rao Birth Centenary Award for significant contribution in Indian Stratigraphy & Palaeontology in 2012 by [[Geological Society of India|Geological Society of India, Bangalore.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vice Chancellor {{!}} Central University of Punjab |url=https://cup.edu.in/vice_chancellor.php |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=cup.edu.in}}</ref>
* Dr. S. M. Naqvi Gold Medal Award for significant contribution in Indian Geology in 2014 by [[Geological Society of India]], Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vice Chancellor {{!}} Central University of Punjab |url=https://cup.edu.in/vice_chancellor.php |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=cup.edu.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Raghavendra P.}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gauhati University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Central University of Punjab]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Mizoram University]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

Mahesh Paswan

2026-04-20T01:42:59Z

AnnettLevi9: put up new stub added tags

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mahesh Paswan
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 14 November 2025
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Agiaon Assembly constituency|Agiaon]]
| predecessor = [[Shiv Prakash Ranjan]]
| successor = Incumbent
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mahesh Paswan''' is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. He has served as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] since [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] representing the [[Agiaon Assembly constituency|Agiaon]] constituency.<ref name="Bihar Assembly Election Results 2025: Constituency-wise winners and runners-up2">{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-constituency-wise-winners-and-runners-up-10366461/|title=Bihar Assembly Election Results 2025: Constituency-wise winners and runners-up|date=15 November 2025|access-date=15 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115035930/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-constituency-wise-winners-and-runners-up-10366461/|archive-date=15 November 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bihar Election Result 2025: Full list of winners in 243 constituencies2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bihar-election-result-2025-full-list-of-winners-in-243-constituencies-13675947.html|title=Bihar Election Result 2025: Full list of winners in 243 constituencies|date=15 November 2025|access-date=15 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115040110/https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bihar-election-result-2025-full-list-of-winners-in-243-constituencies-13675947.html|archive-date=15 November 2025|publisher=Money Control}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Paswan won from [[Agiaon Assembly constituency|Agiaon]] constituency representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He received 69,412 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Shiv Prakash Ranjan]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]], by a margin of 95 votes.<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Agiaon">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04195.htm|title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Agiaon|date=14 November 2025|access-date=3 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203043831/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04195.htm|archive-date=3 December 2025|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref name="Agiaon Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/agiaon|title=Agiaon Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025|date=14 November 2025|access-date=3 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203043819/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/agiaon|archive-date=3 December 2025|publisher=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paswan, Mahesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}

Sevapuri Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:34:56Z

AnnettLevi9: put up a pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sevapuri
| map_image = 391-Sevapuri.svg
| mla = [[Neel Ratan|Neel Ratan Singh Patel]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 3,31,952 (2019)
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 391
}}
'''Sevapuri''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. The constituency covers the city of Sevapuri in the [[Varanasi district]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Sevapuri is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 391 amongst 403 constituencies.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|colspan="4"|{{center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Surendra Singh Patel]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| [[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
| [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Neel Ratan Singh Patel]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)}}" |
| [[Apna Dal (Soneylal)]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sevapuri<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Neel Ratan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:105163}}
|percentage = 47.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Surendra Singh Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:82632}}
|percentage = 37.41
|change = {{increase}}11.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Arvind Kumar Tripathi
|votes = {{formatnum:24065}}
|percentage = 10.89
|change = {{decrease}}6.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Anju Anand Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2974}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1587}}
|percentage = 0.72
|change = {{decrease}}0.07
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22531}}
|percentage = 10.19
|change = {{decrease}}13.62
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:220910}}
|percentage = 63.83
|change = {{decrease}}1.02
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]] candidate ''Neel Ratan Singh Patel'' won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate ''Surendra Singh Patel'' by a margin of 49,182 votes.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sevapuri<ref name="results2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Neel Ratan Singh Patel]]
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|votes = {{formatnum:103423}}
|percentage = 50.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Surendra Singh Patel
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:54241}}
|percentage = 26.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Mahendra Kumar Pandey
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:35657}}
|percentage = 17.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Vibhuti Narayan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2789}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1626}}
|percentage = 0.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:49182}}
|percentage = 23.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:206507}}
|percentage = 64.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2012]]: Sevapuri}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Surendra Singh Patel
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 56,849
|percentage = 31.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Neel Ratan Singh Patel
|party = Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)
|votes = 36,942
|percentage = 20.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Manish Kumar Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 32,316
|percentage = 18.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Harsh Vardhan Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 23,990
|percentage = 13.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Dr. Omkar Singh Patel
|party = Quami Ekta Dal
|votes = 9,883
|percentage = 5.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Devendra Pratap
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 9,811
|percentage = 5.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 19,907
|percentage = 11.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,78,381
|percentage = 62.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.37|82.75|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Varanasi district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Indra Pratap Tiwari

2026-04-19T16:07:19Z

AnnettLevi9: made a entry first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Indra Pratap Tiwari
| alt =
| caption =
| office1 = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Goshainganj (Assembly constituency)|Goshainganj]]
| term_start1 = March 2017
| term_end1 = December 2021
| predecessor1 = [[Abhay Singh (politician)|Abhay Singh]]
| successor1 = [[Abhay Singh (politician)|Abhay Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|10|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Faizabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| birth_name =
| nickname = Khabbu Tiwari
| spouse = {{Marriage|Aarti Tiwari|31 May 2018}}
| children =
| father =
| relatives =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2016-present)
| other_party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (2012-2016), [[Samajwadi Party]] (till 2012)
| occupation =
| profession = Agriculturalist, social worker
| alma_mater =
| relations =
| image =
}}
'''Indra Pratap "Khabbu" Tiwari''' (born 27 October 1970) is an Indian politician and a former member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. He had represented the [[Goshainganj (Assembly constituency)|Goshainganj constituency]] as a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate in the [[17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="MyNeta"/><ref name="ECI"/> He is a former member of [[Samajwadi Party]] and [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref name="Bhaskar_March2022"/>

==Personal life==
Tiwari was born to Krishan Gopal Tiwari on 27 October 1970 in the [[Faizabad]] city of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="AssemblyProfile">{{cite web |title=श्री इन्‍द्र प्रताप उर्फ खब्बू तिवारी |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/12642/17 |website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Member info - Shri Indra Pratap Urf Khabbu Tiwari |url=https://upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=20314 |website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (UPLA) |access-date=September 23, 2024}}</ref> He completed [[Middle school|intermediate education]] from Bachhulal Inter College, Pura Bazar in 1989. Tiwari is an agriculturalist and social worker.<ref name="MyNeta">{{cite web |title=Indra Pratap Alias Khabbu Tiwari(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- Goshainganj (Faizabad) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=4096 |website=MyNeta |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="AssemblyProfile"/> He married Aarti Tiwari, a postgraduate from [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]], on 31 May 2018.<ref name="Jagran2018">{{cite news |title=चुनाव जीतने तक कुंवारे रहने की खायी थी कसम, विधायक बनने के एक साल बाद हुई शादी; आज ग्रैंड रिसेप्शन |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/bjp-leader-khabbu-tiwari-marriage-after-become-mla-in-uttar-pradesh-5886279.html |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=31 May 2018 |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="Jagran2022"/>

==Political career==
A [[Political strongman|strongman]] of state politics, Tiwari started off as a student leader.<ref name="Bhaskar_March2022"/> In 2007, he lost as a [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate.<ref name="Bhaskar_March2022">{{cite news |title=BJP में शामिल इस हिस्ट्रीशीटर को कहा जाता है फैजाबाद का दबंग, जानें कितने दर्ज हैं केस |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-LUCK-bsp-leader-indrapratap-tiwari-alias-khabbu-tiwari-join-bjp-news-hindi-5490600-PHO.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=12 March 2022 |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> In the [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], contesting as a [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate from [[Goshainganj (Assembly constituency)|Goshainganj]], Tiwari was defeated by [[Samajwadi Party]]'s [[Abhay Singh (politician)|Abhay Singh]].<ref name="ECI">{{cite web |title=Goshainganj Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/goshainganj.html |website=Elections in India |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="Jagran2022">{{cite news |title=गोसाईंगंज में सपा को जनादेश, दूसरी बार अभय सिंह विजयी |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/faizabad-abhay-singh-wins-gosaiganj-22534071.html |work=Dainik Jagran |language=hi |date=10 March 2022 |access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref>

Tiwari joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2016, and went on to defeat rival Abhay Singh by a margin of 11,620 votes in the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] for the Goshainganj seat.<ref name="Jagran2018"/><ref name="Bhaskar_March2022"/><ref name="ECI"/> In December 2021, Tiwari lost his membership to the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] after being convicted and jailed in October that year in a fake marksheet case.<ref name="TOI_Dec2021">{{cite news |title=Uttar Pradesh: BJP MLA Indra Pratap Tewari disqualified, 8 assembly seats fall vacant |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/bjp-mla-disqualified-8-assembly-seats-fall-vacant/articleshow/88195552.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 December 2021 |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="AU_Sep2022">{{cite news |last1=श्रीवास्‍तव |first1=पंकज |date=12 September 2022 |title=Ayodhya News : 11 माह तक जेल में रहने के बाद खब्बू तिवारी को मिली जमानत, 29 साल बाद कोर्ट ने सुनाई थी सजा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/ayodhya-news-after-being-in-jail-for-11-months-khabbu-tiwari-got-bail |work=Amar Ujala |language=hi |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref> In the following [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], Tiwari's wife Aarti represented the party for the vacant seat, but lost to Abhay Singh by a margin of 13,079 votes.<ref name="Jagran2022"/><ref name="ECI"/>

==Conviction and release==
In October 2021, Tiwari, along with two others, was convicted in a 29-year-old case filed in 1992 by the principal of Saket College for taking admission in B.Sc third-year based on fake marksheets, despite failing in the B.Sc second-year examination in 1990.<ref name="TOI_Dec2021"/><ref name="AU_Sep2022"/> He was removed from his position in the Uttar Pradesh Assembly and incarcerated.<ref name="TOI_Dec2021"/><ref name="AU_Sep2022"/> Tiwari was released on bail in September 2022.<ref name="AU_Sep2022"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Indra Pratap}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:People from Ayodhya district]]

Bagaha Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:53:41Z

AnnettLevi9: adding entry

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Bagaha
|type= SLA
| map_image = 4-Bagaha constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Ram Singh (BJP politician)|Ram Singh]] 
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|preceded_by = [[Raghaw Sharan Pandey]]
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[West Champaran district|Paschim Champaran]]
|division = [[Tirhut division|Tirhut]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Valmiki Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|1. Valmiki Nagar]]
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|4]]
|established = 1957
| electors = 318,191
|reservation = None
|abolished = 
}}

'''Bagaha Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[West Champaran district|Paschim Champaran district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. It was earlier reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].<ref name="election2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/bagaha.html|title=List of Wiining MLA's from Bagaha Till Date|publisher=elections.in |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref>

==Overview==
As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 4. Bagaha Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Bagaha [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] including
[[Bagaha]] nagar parishad; and Bairagi, Sonbarsha, Vairati Bariarwa, Kharhat Tribhauni, Chamawalia and Paikwalia Maryadpur of Sidhaw CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Bagaha Assembly constituency is part of 1. [[Valmiki Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/> It was earlier part of [[Bagaha (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |title=Bagaha Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/bagaha.html |access-date=2022-01-30 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|colspan="4"|{{center|''Before 1957: See Bagaha-cum-Ramnagar''}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Kedar Pandey]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
|-
|Narsingh Baitha
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="5" |Narsingh Baitha
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Triloki Harijan
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Purnmasi Ram]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|2009^
|[[Kailash Baitha]]
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|Prabhat Ranjan Singh
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Raghaw Sharan Pandey]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Singh (politician)|Ram Singh]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|}
^by-election

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===

Detailed Results at:
https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/ConstituencywiseS044.htm
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bagaha<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Bagaha">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Bagaha |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S044.htm |accessdate=15 November 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115164926/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S044.htm |archivedate=15 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ram Singh (BJP politician)|Ram Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:106875}}
|percentage = 47.39
|change = -2.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Jayesh Mangal Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:100562}}
|percentage = 44.59
|change = +11.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Nandesh Pandey
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:5799}}
|percentage = 2.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dinesh Agrawal
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:4239}}
|percentage = 1.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Mahfooz Alam
|votes = {{formatnum:2659}}
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3259}}
|percentage = 1.45
|change = -0.45
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:6313}}
|percentage = 2.8
|change = -13.71
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:225532}}
|percentage = 70.88
|change = +11.32
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: [[Bagaha]]<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ram Singh (BJP politician)|Ram Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:90013}}
|percentage = 49.51
|change = +5.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jayesh Mangalam Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:59993}}
|percentage = 33.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = [[Raghaw Sharan Pandey]]
|votes = {{formatnum:6429}}
|percentage = 3.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Sangharsh Dal
|candidate = Purnmasi Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:3649}}
|percentage = 2.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kamran Aziz
|votes = {{formatnum:3077}}
|percentage = 1.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janvadi Party (Socialist)
|candidate = Suresh Mukhiya
|votes = {{formatnum:2600}}
|percentage = 1.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Shakti Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Atul Kumar Shukla
|votes = {{formatnum:2364}}
|percentage = 1.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3456}}
|percentage = 1.9
|change = +0.26
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:30020}}
|percentage = 16.51
|change = +11.62
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:181799}}
|percentage = 59.56
|change = -1.99
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bagaha<ref name="election2015">{{cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Raghaw Sharan Pandey]]
|votes = {{formatnum:74476}}
|percentage = 44.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Bhishm Sahani
|votes = {{formatnum:66293}}
|percentage = 39.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mohammad Kamran Aziz
|votes = {{formatnum:8292}}
|percentage = 4.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Saket Kumar Pathak
|votes = {{formatnum:2507}}
|percentage = 1.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shesh Nath Chaudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:2463}}
|percentage = 1.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Mohammad Akbar Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:2355}}
|percentage = 1.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pashupatinath Gupta
|votes = {{formatnum:1874}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2753}}
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:8183}}
|percentage = 4.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:167561}}
|percentage = 61.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Janata Dal (United)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bagaha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Prabhat Ranjan Singh]]
|votes = 67,510
|percentage = 50.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Ram Prasad Yadav]]
|votes = 18,455
|percentage = 13.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = MD. Kamran
|votes = 18,341
|percentage = 13.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|party = JPS
|candidate = Bhisam Sahni
|votes = 8,150
|percentage = 6.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ranjeet Rao
|votes = 6,177
|percentage = 4.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 49,055
|percentage = 36.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,33,942
|percentage = 58.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum: }}
|ref=<ref name="Bihar Election 2020">{{cite web |title=Bihar Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}

{{Bihar elections}}

{{coord|27|06|36|N|84|04|35|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=inline,title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of West Champaran district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Bihar]]

Krishnagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:28:14Z

AnnettLevi9: made initial data more to come - done

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Krishnagar
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Krishnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagar]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1952
| electors =
| reservation = None
| abolished = 1967
}}

'''Krishnagar Assembly constituency''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Nadia district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election Year
!Name of M.L.A.
!colspan=2|Party affiliation
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Bejoy Lal Chattopadhyay
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Jagannath Majumdar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Kashi Kanta Maitra
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Results==
===1951-1962===
Kashi Kanta Maitra of [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] won the Krishnagar seat in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962/> Jagannath Majumdar of Congress won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957/> In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]] Bejoy Lal Chattopadhyay of Congress won the Krishnagar seat.<ref name=vidhansabha1952/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coords|23.40|88.50|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1962]]

N. Harikumar

2026-04-07T15:13:46Z

AnnettLevi9: put up new biography basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = N. Harikumar
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|07|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute|Adyar Film Institute]]
| occupation = [[Sound design]]er [[Audio mixing#Film and television|Mixing engineer]]
| yearsactive = 1979{{En dash}}present
| notable_works = [[Manju (film)|Manju]], [[Anantaram]], [[Mathilukal (film)|Mathilukal]], [[Mazha]]
| spouse = Shalini Harikumar
}}

'''Narayanan Nair Harikumar''' (born 19 July 1955) is a [[Sound editor (filmmaking)|sound editor]], [[Sound design|designer]] and [[Audio mixing#Film and television|mixing engineer]], known for his works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]]. He has won two [[National Film Award for Best Audiography|National Film Awards]] and nine [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Sound Recordist|Kerala State Film Awards]] for [[audiography]]. He has worked for many [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] movies like [[Anantaram]], [[Mathilukal]], [[Nizhalkuthu]], [[Naalu Pennungal]], [[Oru Pennum Randaanum]] etc.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otJDRkUxKGwC&q=harikumar&pg=PA59 | title=Adoor Gopalakrishnan: A Life in Cinema | publisher=[[Penguin Books]], India | date=8 July 2010 | accessdate=4 August 2014 | pages=59, 91, 92, 149, 194, 201, 209, 210| isbn=9780670081714 }}</ref> He worked as Chief Sound Engineer and Studio Manager at [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]]'s [[Chithranjali Studio]] and later as the Chief Audio Engineer at Aries Vismayas Max.

==Early life==
N. Harikumar was born on 19 July 1955 in [[Kollam]]. He completed his schooling from Kollam Govt. Model Boys High School, [[Thumba]] St.Xaviers College and Diploma in Sound Engineering from [[M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute]]. He started his career as a sound recordist at [[Delhi]] [[Doordarshan]] Kendra. In 1979, he joined [[Chitranjali Studio]] as sound recordist under renowned sound engineer [[:ml:പി._ദേവദാസ്|P. Devadas]].<ref name="award" />

==Awards==
; [[National Film Award for Best Audiography|National Film Awards]]
* 1987 - [[Anantaram]] (shared with P. Devadas and [[T. Krishnanunni]])<ref name="award">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/82_35thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate=1 September 2020 | pages=44, 45}}</ref>
* 1989 - [[Mathilukal (film)|Mathilukal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/80_37thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=37th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate=1 September 2020 | pages=50, 51}}</ref>

; [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Sound Recordist|Kerala State Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards4.htm|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2000-2012|publisher=Kerala I & PRD|accessdate=4 August 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707210332/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards4.htm|archivedate=7 July 2015}}</ref>
* 2000 - [[Mazha]]
* 2002 - [[Nizhalkuthu]]
* 2003 - [[Margam (film)|Margam]]
* 2004 - [[Perumazhakkalam]]
* 2006 - [[Drishtantham]]
* 2008 - [[Oru Pennum Randaanum]] (shared with [[T. Krishnanunni]])
* 2009 - [[Patham Nilayile Theevandi]]
* 2013 - [[Kanyaka Talkies]] (Sound mixing)
;[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-17 |title=Film critics awards complete list |url=https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|Kerala Film Critics Association]]}}</ref>
* 1997 - [[Kaliyattam]] (shared with [[T. Krishnanunni]])
* 2002 - [[Bhavam]] (shared with T. Krishnanunni)
* 2004 - [[Perumazhakkalam]], [[Kaazhcha]], [[Oridam]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.oridam.com/Awards.htm | title=Oridam - Awards | publisher=www.oridam.com | accessdate=7 August 2014 | archive-date=31 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831013901/http://www.oridam.com/Awards.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/oridam/awards.html | title=Oridam awards | publisher=[[Oneindia]] | access-date=7 August 2014 | archive-date=10 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810145017/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/movies/oridam/awards.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2008 - [[Pakal Nakshatrangal]]
* 2010 - [[Makaramanju]], [[Karmayogi (2010 film)|Karmayogi]]
* 2014 - Mizhi Thurakku
* 2018 - [[Oru Kuprasidha Payyan]]
;Other awards
* 2011 - [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]] National Award Special Mention for Sound mixing<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ffsi.in/gallery2.html | title=Signs 2011 Opening and Closing Ceremonies | publisher=Federation of Film Societies of India | accessdate=7 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810210047/http://www.ffsi.in/gallery2.html | archive-date=10 August 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Asianet Award, Mathrubhumi Medimix Award, Amritha Film Fraternity Award, Kerala State TV Award for Best Audiography, Kerala State TV award for Best Sound Editor.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb name|1411304|N. Harikumar}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harikumar, N.}}
[[Category:Indian sound designers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kollam]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Film people from Kerala]]

Anil Kohli

2026-03-31T15:56:36Z

AnnettLevi9: adding new article

{{Short description|Indian dental surgeon}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Brigadier
| name =Dr. Anil Kohli
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
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| education = [[B.D.S]], M.D.S (Lko), FDS RCS (England)
| occupation = [[Medical professional]]
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| awards =
* [[Padma Shri]] (1992)
* [[Padma Bhushan]] (2005)
* [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award]]
* B C Roy National Award (2005)
| alma_mater =[[King George's Medical University|King George's Medical College]]
|signature = Dr_Anil_Kohli_autograph.jpg
| signature_alt =
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|profession = [[Surgeon]]
|specialism = [[Dentistry|Conservative Dentistry]] and [[Endodontics]]
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| website = {{URL| http://dranilkohli.com }}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Anil Kohli''' is an Indian [[Dentist|dental surgeon]], medical administrator and a former president of the [[Dental Council of India]].<ref name="CBI raid on Kohli’s premises opens can of worms">{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article366692.ece?service=print | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625160456/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article366692.ece?service=print | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 June 2016 | title=CBI raid on Kohli's premises opens can of worms | publisher=Indian Express | date=24 September 2011 | access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref> He is an elected fellow of the [[Faculty of Dental Surgery]] of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] and holds the honorary rank of 'Brigadier' in the [[Indian Army|Army Dental Corps]]. He is a recipient of [[B. C. Roy Award]], the highest Indian award in the medical category. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honor of the [[Padma Shri]] in 1992 and followed it up with the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 2005, for his contributions to medicine,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2016 |access-date=3 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> making him the first dentist to receive both the honors.<ref name="Anil Kohli on Forerunners Healthcare">{{cite web | url=http://www.forerunnershealthcare.com/dr-anil-kohli-dental-surgeon-delhi-india.html | title=Anil Kohli on Forerunners Healthcare | publisher=Forerunners Healthcare | date=2016 | access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Anil Kohli, an alumnus of [[King George's Medical University|King George's Medical College]], Lucknow, from where he secured his graduate degree in medicine and postgraduate degree in dental sciences, received the ''S. S. Bhatnagar Award'' during his student days from his alma mater.<ref name="Kohli2009">{{cite book|author=Kohli|title=Text Book of Endodontics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwdyRs9HYpgC|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Elsevier India|isbn=978-81-312-2181-5}}</ref> He is a former Dean of Dentistry at the [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]] and an adjunct professor at [[Tufts University School of Dental Medicine]].<ref name="Kohli2009" /> In 1992, when he received the [[Padma Shri]] award, he became the first dentist to receive the honor.<ref name="Kohli2009" /> The Government of India honored him again in 2005 with the higher ''[[Indian honours system|Padma honor]]'' of the [[Padma Bhushan]]; two years later, he received the [[B. C. Roy Award]], the highest Indian medical award.<ref name="CBI files closure in DA case against ex-DCI chairman">{{cite web | url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/cbi-files-closure-in-da-case-against-ex-dci-chairman_788497.html | title=CBI files closure in DA case against ex-DCI chairman | publisher=Zee News | date=19 July 2012 | access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref> He was associated with the [[Dental Council of India]] as a member of the executive committee from 2001 to 2004 when he was elected as its president, a post he held for two tenancies, 2004–2005 and 2009–2010.<ref name="CBI raid on Kohli’s premises opens can of worms" />

== Works and contributions ==
Anil Kohli has served as the dentist surgeon to Presidents of India for more than 20 years. He has also served as dentist to the Prime Ministers of India. He is presently editor-in-chief of the Indian [[Academic journal|Journal]] of Dental Research and representative of Asia in the world body of [[Endodontics]] IFEA. He has received fellowships from all the three [[Royal College of Surgeons]], [[Glasgow]], [[Edinburgh]] and [[England]]. He has also received more than 10 honorary doctorates from different universities in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Anil Kohli - Endodontist - Book Appointment Online, View Fees, Feedbacks {{!}} Practo|url=https://www.practo.com/delhi/doctor/dr-anil-kohli-dentist-2|access-date=2021-11-27|website=www.practo.com}}</ref> Dr. Anil Kohli was honoured at an oral cancer fundraising event on 6 October 2018, at the River Rock Casino Resort in [[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mall|first=Rattan|title=Dr. Anil Kohli and Dr. Malwinder Dhami honoured at oral cancer fundraising event {{!}} Indo-Canadian Voice|url=https://voiceonline.com/dr-anil-kohli-and-dr-malwinder-dhami-honoured-at-oral-cancer-fundraising-event/|access-date=2021-11-27|language=en-CA}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
In 2010, corruption charges appeared against Kohli in the media, which he refuted.<ref name="I am being framed">{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/i-am-being-framed/87002 | title=I am being framed | publisher=Mid-Day | date=2 July 2010 | access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref> Subsequently, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] raided Kohli's home and office and filed a case against him for holding disproportionate assets.<ref name="CBI registers case against ex-Dental Council of India chief Dr Anil Kohli">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamedicaltimes.com/2011/09/27/cbi-registers-case-against-ex-dental-council-of-india-chief-dr-anil-kohli/ | title=CBI registers case against ex-Dental Council of India chief Dr Anil Kohli | publisher=India Medical Times | date=27 September 2011 | access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref> However, the case was closed after nine months of investigations by the agency, exonerating Kohli from the charges.<ref name="CBI files closure in DA case against ex-DCI chairman" />

== See also ==
* [[Dental Council of India]]
* [[King George's Medical University]]
{{portal|India|Medicine}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book|author=Anil Kohli|title=Text Book of Endodontics|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Elsevier India|isbn=978-81-312-2181-5}}
* Singh, Paramjit; Arora, Vimal (2005). ''[https://www.jaypeedigital.com/book/9788180614187 Military Dentistry: Terrain, Trends and Training]''. jaypee. {{ISBN|978-81-8061-418-7}}.

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kohli, Anil}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Dr. B. C. Roy Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian dentists]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England]]
[[Category:Tufts University faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:King George's Medical University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Endodontists]]

George Cross

2026-03-25T04:05:31Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{short description|Award for bravery in the British honours system}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = George Cross
| image = UK George Cross medal.svg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Obverse]] of the cross. Ribbon: 1½", dark blue
| presenter = [[Monarch of the United Kingdom]]
| type = Civil And Military Decoration
| eligibility = Commonwealth subjects
| awarded_for = "... acts of the greatest heroism or of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger."
| campaign =
| status = Currently awarded
| description = Height 48 mm, max. width 45 mm; (Obverse) plain silver cross with circular medallion in the centre depicting the effigy of [[St George and the Dragon]], surrounded by the words "FOR GALLANTRY". In the angle of each limb is the [[Royal Cypher]] GVI; (Reverse) plain, centre engraved with name of recipient and date of award. Cross attached by ring to bar ornamented with [[Bay Laurel|laurel]] leaves, through which the ribbon passes.
| clasps =
| post-nominals = GC
| established = 24 September 1940
| firstawarded =
| total_awarded = 416 (including 3 collective awards)
| total_awarded_posthumously = 90 (including 5 former [[Empire Gallantry Medal|EGM]] recipients)
| total_recipients = 416 (including 3 collective awards)
| individual =
| precedence_label = Order of Wear
| higher = [[Victoria Cross]] (Equal in stature)<ref name=orderofwear>{{London Gazette|issue=56878|date=17 March 2003|page=3351|supp=y}}</ref>
| lower = [[Order of the Garter]]
| related = [[George Medal]] and [[King's Gallantry Medal]]
| image2 = UK George Cross ribbon.svg
| image2_size = 100px
| caption2 = GC ribbon bar
}}

The '''George Cross''' ('''GC''') is the highest British award for non-operational [[Courage|gallantry]] or gallantry not in the presence of an enemy. In the [[British honours system]], the GC, since its introduction in 1940, has been equal in stature to the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest military award for valour.<ref>{{cite web |title=Decorations, Gallantry and Distinguished Conduct medals: George Cross |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/medals-campaigns-descriptions-and-eligibility |newspaper=Gov.uk |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref> It is awarded "for acts of the greatest heroism or for most conspicuous courage in circumstance of extreme danger",<ref>Clause five of the George Cross gazette</ref> not in the presence of the enemy, to members of the [[British Armed Forces]] and to British civilians.<ref>The phrase "in the presence of the enemy" was inserted into the Victoria Cross Warrant in 1881.</ref> Posthumous awards have been allowed since it was instituted. Since the Second World War, most Commonwealth countries have created their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours.

The last GC recommended by a Commonwealth country was by New Zealand for the 1990 posthumous award to [[Stewart Guthrie]] for gallantry during the [[Aramoana massacre]]. That award was [[The London Gazette|gazetted]] in 1992. Although civilians may be awarded the GC, there has been just one civilian recipient since Guthrie: [[Dominic Troulan]], for his actions in the [[Westgate shopping mall attack]] in 2013 (gazetted in 2017). There have been eight GC awards to the Royal Marines and British Army since 2000. Many of the awards have been personally presented by the [[British monarch]] to recipients or, in the case of posthumous awards, to next of kin. The investitures are usually held at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref>Mussell, J.W. (Editor), (2018), ''Medal Yearbook 2019'', (Token Publishing Ltd: Devon)</ref>

==Creation==
The George Cross was announced on 23 September 1940 by [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]].<ref>British Gallantry Medals (Abbott and Tamplin), p. 138</ref> At this time, days after the climax of the [[Battle of Britain]] and during the third week of [[the Blitz]], there was a strong desire to reward the many acts of civilian courage. The existing awards open to civilians were not judged suitable to meet the new situation, therefore it was decided to institute the GC and the [[George Medal]] (GM) to recognise civilian gallantry in the face of enemy action, and brave deeds more generally.

Announcing the new award, the King said:

{{blockquote|In order that they should be worthily and promptly recognised, I have decided to create, at once, a new mark of honour for men and women in all walks of civilian life. I propose to give my name to this new distinction, which will consist of the George Cross, which will rank next to the Victoria Cross, and the George Medal for wider distribution.<ref name="decoration">{{cite web |title=George Cross Database |url=http://www.gc-database.co.uk/decoration.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514183218/http://www.gc-database.co.uk/decoration.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011}}</ref>}}

The medal was designed by [[Percy Metcalfe]]. The warrants for the GC and for the GM were backdated to 24 September 1940, and published in ''[[The London Gazette]]'' on 31 January 1941.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35060|pages=622–624|date=31 January 1941}}</ref>

The King in his speech announcing the new award, stated that it would rank next to the Victoria Cross. This was second on the Order of Wear, much higher than the then existing awards for bravery not in the presence of the enemy, the highest being the two-class [[Albert Medal (lifesaving)|Albert Medal]] (AM); and the lowest being the single class [[Empire Gallantry Medal]] (EGM). In a substitution of awards unprecedented in the history of British decorations, holders of the EGM were required to exchange their insignia for the GC,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35141|supp=y|page=2285|date=18 April 1941}}</ref><ref>''British Gallantry Awards'' by P E Abbott and J M A Tamplin list two AM in Gold awards between 1920 and 1939, p. 22. There were 130 EGM awards between 1922 and 1940, p. 242. Five deceased EGM recipients, pre-war recipient Herbert John Mahoney, killed in action at Dunkirk, and the four posthumous recipients after the outbreak of war became George Cross holders. See https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/2483935/HERBERT%20JOHN%20MAHONEY/</ref> most receiving their replacement GC at a formal investiture. The four honorary EGM awards to foreigners were not exchanged and could therefore continue to be worn.<ref name=BGM>''British Gallantry Medals'' (Abbott and Tamplin), p.242</ref> In 1971, surviving recipients of the Albert Medal and the [[Edward Medal]] (EM) became George Cross recipients, but unlike the EGM exchange of insignia, they had the option of retaining their original insignia.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45566|page=171|date=6 January 1972}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45566|page=172|date=6 January 1972}}</ref> Of the 69 holders of the Albert Medal and 70 holders of the Edward Medal eligible to exchange, 49 and 59 respectively took up the option.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

==Award==
The GC, which may be awarded posthumously, is granted in recognition of:

{{blockquote|acts of the greatest heroism or of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger.<ref>''London Gazette'', No. 35060 – Warrant, Fifth clause</ref>}}

The award is for civilians but also for military personnel whose actions would not normally be eligible to receive military awards, such as gallantry not in the face of the enemy. The Warrant states:

{{blockquote|The Cross is intended primarily for civilians and award in Our military services is to be confined to actions for which purely military Honours are not normally granted.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35060|page=623|date=31 January 1941}} ''secondly''</ref>}}

{{blockquote|The Cross shall be worn by recipients on the left breast suspended from a ribbon one and a quarter inches in width, of dark blue, that it shall be worn immediately after the Victoria Cross and in front of the Insignia of all British Orders of Chivalry.<ref name=7th>{{London Gazette|issue=35060|page=623|date=31 January 1941}} ''seventhly''</ref>}}

{{blockquote|When the Cross is worn by a woman, it may be worn on the left shoulder, suspended from a ribbon fashioned into a bow.<ref name=7th/>}}

In June 1941 the specification of the ribbon width was amended to one and a half inches.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35199|page=3600|date=24 June 1942}} ''seventhly''</ref>

Bars can be awarded for further acts of bravery meriting the GC, although none have yet been awarded. In common with the Victoria Cross, in undress uniform or on occasions when the medal ribbon alone is worn, a miniature replica of the cross is affixed to the centre of the ribbon, a distinction peculiar to these two premier awards for bravery. In the event of a second award, a second replica would be worn on the ribbon.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35060|page=623|date=31 January 1941}} ''eighthly''</ref>

Recipients are entitled to the postnominal letters GC.<ref>''London Gazette'', No. 35060 – Warrant, Eighth clause</ref>

All original individual GC awards and the latest collective award to the [[National Health Service]] have been published in ''The London Gazette''.<ref>The awards to Malta and the RUC were not gazetted. The Exchange awards are not gazetted although the original EGM, AM and EM announcements were gazetted.</ref>

==George Cross Committee==
The George Cross Committee of the [[Cabinet Office]] considers cases of military and civilian gallantry.<ref name="whatdotheyknow">{{Whatdotheyknow.com|https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/104652/response/300777/attach/4/document2012%2004%2020%20105603.pdf|Letter from Roger Smethurst dated 20 April 2012|104652|[[Cabinet Office]]|2 August 2012}}</ref> The committee has no formal terms of reference.<ref name="whatdotheyknow" />

==Recipients==
{{main|List of George Cross recipients}}

Since its inception in 1940, the GC has been awarded 416 times: 401 to men, 12 to women, and three times collectively. There have been 165 original awards including the three collective awards, including 106 made before 1947.<ref>British Gallantry Medals (Abbott and Tamplin), p. 142</ref> About 30% of the 162 original awards to individuals have been to civilians. There have been 251 exchange awards, 112 to Empire Gallantry Medal recipients, 69 to Albert Medal recipients and 70 to Edward Medal recipients.<ref>Kevin Brazier. ''The complete George Cross'', Pen & Sword, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1-84884-287-8}}</ref> Of the 162 individuals who received original awards, 86 have been posthumous. In addition, there were five posthumous recipients of the Empire Gallantry Medal whose awards in four cases were gazetted after the start of the [[Second World War]] and whose awards were also exchanged for the GC. All the other exchange recipients were living as of the date of the decisions for the exchanges.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hebblethwaite |first=Marion |title=George Cross Encyclopedia: Illustrated biographies of all George Cross recipients |publisher=Marion Hebblethwaite |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-9997057-3-2 |location=Cirencester |volume=1 |pages=9–17 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2022 |title=George Cross |url=https://victoriacrossonline.co.uk/?page_id=144 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=Victoria Cross Online: The Men and Women and their Gallantry Awards on one site}}</ref><ref name="facts">[http://www.gc-database.co.uk/facts.htm George Cross Database.] Retrieved on 12 September 2007.</ref><ref name=BBC20100318>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8574378.stm |title=George Cross for Army Afghanistan bomb heroes |publisher=BBC |date=18 March 2010 |access-date=18 March 2010}}</ref> [[Dominic Troulan]] represented recipients at the [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla|2023 Coronation]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronation order of service in full |work=BBC News |date=5 May 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-65503950 |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref>

===Collective awards===
[[File:Flag of Malta.svg|thumb|The [[flag of Malta]] displays its George Cross.]]
The three collective awards have been to the Island of [[Malta]], the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] (RUC) and the [[National Health Service]] of the United Kingdom (NHS).

====Malta====
{{main|Award of the George Cross to Malta}}
[[File:George Cross Malta P1440218.jpg|thumb|The George Cross awarded to Malta (National War Museum, Malta)]]
The GC was awarded to the island of Malta in a letter dated 15 April 1942 from King George VI to the island's Governor Lieutenant-General Sir [[William Dobbie]]:
{{blockquote|To honour her brave people, I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta to bear witness to a heroism and devotion that will long be famous in history.}}

The Governor answered:
{{blockquote|By God's help Malta will not weaken but will endure until victory is won.}}

The cross and the messages are today in the [[National War Museum (Malta)|War Museum]] in [[Fort Saint Elmo]], [[Valletta]]. The fortitude of the population under sustained enemy air raids, and a naval blockade which almost saw them starved into submission, won widespread admiration in Britain and other Allied nations. [[Eric Grove]] argued on the BBC in 2017 that the George Cross was awarded as a propaganda gesture and consequently 'the island of Malta could not be allowed to fall as Singapore had done. Indeed, the North African campaign was being fought in 1942 as much to sustain Malta as vice versa.'<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/siege_malta_01.shtml#six |title=The Siege of Malta in World War Two |last=Grove |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Grove |date=17 February 2011 |publisher=BBC |access-date=15 April 2007}}</ref>

The George Cross was incorporated into the [[Flag of Malta]] in 1943 and, since independence in 1964, remains on the flag.

====Royal Ulster Constabulary====
The GC was awarded to the RUC in 1999 by [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] following the advice of the [[first Blair ministry]]. The citation published by [[Buckingham Palace]] on 23 November 1999 stated:
{{blockquote|For the past 30 years, the Royal Ulster Constabulary has been the bulwark against, and the main target of, a sustained and brutal terrorism campaign. The Force has suffered heavily in protecting both sides of the community from danger—302 officers have been killed in the line of duty and thousands more injured, many seriously. Many officers have been ostracised by their own community and others have been forced to leave their homes in the face of threats to them and their families. As Northern Ireland reaches a turning point in its political development this award is made to recognise the collective courage and dedication to duty of all of those who have served in the Royal Ulster Constabulary and who have accepted the danger and stress this has brought to them and to their families.<ref name=ruc-turner-p165>{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=John Frayn |title=Awards of the George Cross 1940–2009 |chapter=Royal Ulster Constabulary |date=2010 |publisher=[[Pen & Sword Books Ltd]] |isbn=978-1-84884-200-7 |page=165 |edition=2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7aZFx_RW-kC&q=%22Awards+of+the+George+Cross+1940-2009%22+%2B+Royal+Ulster+Constabulary&pg=PA165 |access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>}}

The Queen presented the George Cross on 12 April 2000 in a ceremony at [[Hillsborough Castle]], [[County Down]], attended by the senior RUC officers; the cross was accepted by Constable Paul Slaine, who had lost both legs in [[The Troubles in Newry#1992|a 1992 IRA attack]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Paterson |first1=John |title=Queen honours RUC with George Cross |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/apr/12/northernireland.johnpaterson |access-date=26 June 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=12 April 2000}}</ref>

The [[Police (Northern Ireland) Act 2000]] gave effect to much of the Patten Report, with "the Police Service of Northern Ireland (incorporating the Royal Ulster Constabulary)" established on 4 November 2001.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/1636780.stm |title='New era' as NI police change name |publisher=BBC News |date=4 November 2001 |access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> The RUC is often referred to as "RUC GC"; the 2000 act established a [[Charity Commission for Northern Ireland|registered charity]] "to be known as 'The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC Foundation' for the purpose of marking the sacrifices and honouring the achievements of the Royal Ulster Constabulary";<ref>{{cite web |title=Police (Northern Ireland) Act 2000 § 70 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/32/section/70/2002-04-15 |website=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> other instances include the names of the RUC GC Widows' Association,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home page |url=https://www.rucgcwidowsassociation.org.uk/ |publisher=RUC GC Widows Association |access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> RUC GC Historical Society,<ref>{{cite web |title=Police Museum |url=https://artuk.org/visit/venues/police-museum-6814 |website=Art UK |publisher=Public Catalogue Foundation |access-date=26 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and RUCGC–PSNI Benevolent Fund.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home page |url=https://policebenevolentfund.com/ |publisher=RUCGC–PSNI Benevolent Fund |access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref>

====National Health Service====

On 5 July 2021, on the 73rd anniversary of the founding of the NHS of the UK, Queen Elizabeth II announced in a personal handwritten message that the four NHS organisations of the United Kingdom would be awarded the George Cross.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 July 2021 |title=Queen gives George Cross to NHS for staff's 'courage and dedication' |language=en-GB |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57714088 |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref> It was reported that the award was recommended by the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson.<ref>{{cite news |last=Low |first=Valentine |title=Queen awards George Cross to heroic NHS |newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/healthcare/article/queen-awards-george-cross-to-heroic-nhs-0j6fhwltr |access-date=5 July 2021 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> The conferral of the award followed an 18-month period in which the health service had been at the forefront of the fight against the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|coronavirus pandemic in the UK]].

The message read:

<blockquote>It is with great pleasure, on behalf of a grateful nation, that I award the George Cross to the National Health Services of the United Kingdom. This award recognises all NHS staff, past and present, across all disciplines and all four nations. Over more than seven decades, and especially in recent times, you have supported the people of our country with courage, compassion and dedication, demonstrating the highest standards of public service. You have our enduring thanks and heartfelt appreciation. Elizabeth R.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jul/05/queen-awards-george-cross-to-nhs-to-mark-70-years-of-public-service |title=Queen awards George Cross to NHS to mark 70 years of public service |work=The Guardian |date=5 July 2021 |access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref></blockquote>

===Awards to the Commonwealth===
====Canada====
There have been 10 GCs awarded to [[Canadians]] including those by substitution for awards superseded by the GC. The recipients comprised nine men and one woman. The GC is no longer awarded to Canadians by the [[Monarchy of Canada|King of Canada]], who awards the Canadian [[Cross of Valour (Canada)|Cross of Valour]] instead.

====Australia====
{{main|List of Australian George Cross recipients}}
[[File:George Cross Pk Canberra.JPG|thumb|right|Memorial to Australian recipients, George Cross Park, Canberra]]
The George Cross was awarded to 23 Australians, 11 to the Australian forces and 12 to civilians. It is the highest decoration of the Australian honours system after the British [[Victoria Cross]] and the [[Victoria Cross for Australia]]. Although Australia established the [[Cross of Valour (Australia)|Cross of Valour]] within the Australian honours system in 1975 'for acts of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme peril' it was not until 1992 that Australia officially ceased recommending British honours. During the period 1975 to 1992, the last George Cross to an Australian was awarded in 1978.

Of the 23 awards, 14 were direct awards and nine were Empire Gallantry Medal (two), Albert Medal (six) and Edward Medal (one) exchange awards. Four awards were to officers of the [[Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve]] who served in the extremely dangerous role of mine disposal during the [[Second World War]]. Privates [[Benjamin Gower Hardy]] and [[Ralph Jones (GC)|Ralph Jones]] were posthumously awarded the George Cross for manning a Vickers machine gun during the [[Cowra breakout]], a mass escape by Japanese prisoners of war in central New South Wales on 5 August 1944. Hardy and Jones disabled the weapon and denied its use to the escaping prisoners before they were overwhelmed and killed by the escapees.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs198.aspx |title=Cowra breakout, 1944 – Fact sheet 198 |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nominal-rolls.dva.gov.au/veteran?id=317424&c=WW2 |title=Hardy, Benjamin Gower |publisher=[[Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)]] |access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nominal-rolls.dva.gov.au/veteran?id=341897&c=WW2 |title=Jones, Ralph |publisher=[[Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)]] |access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref> Courage of a different sort was displayed by two prisoners of war who endured terrible suffering. Captain [[Lionel Colin Matthews]] was eventually executed by his captors for building a resistance network in British North Borneo in the Second World War,<ref>{{cite book |author=David Matthews. |title=The Duke: A Hero's Hero at Sandakan. Captain Lionel Matthews GC, MC. |publisher=Seaview Press, West Lakes, South Australia. |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-74008-486-4}}</ref> while Private [[Horace William Madden]], captured in Korea in 1951, died of privations while assisting fellow prisoners and openly resisting enemy efforts to force him to collaborate.<ref>{{cite book |author=Michael Ashcroft. |title=George Cross Heroes. |pages=249–251 |publisher=Headline Publishing, London. |year=2010 |isbn=978-0755360840}}</ref> The last Australian to be awarded the GC (in 1978) was Constable [[Michael Kenneth Pratt]] of the Victoria Police, [[Melbourne]], for arresting two armed bank robbers in June 1976. For 39 years until the award to [[Dominic Troulan|Dominic Troulon]] in 2017, Pratt was the most recent living civilian George Cross recipient.

A memorial to Australian recipients, George Cross Park, was opened in [[Canberra]], the Australian capital, on 4 April 2001 by the [[Governor General of Australia]], [[William Deane|Sir William Deane]].

====New Zealand====
In 1999, the [[New Zealand Cross (1999)|New Zealand Cross]] replaced the role of the George Cross. Up until then, the last George Cross awarded to a New Zealander, was posthumously awarded to Sgt [[Stewart Guthrie]] of the [[New Zealand Police]] for his actions and bravery during the [[Aramoana massacre]].

==Annuity==
Holders of the Victoria Cross or the George Cross are entitled to an [[Annuity (financial contracts)|annuity]], the amount of which is determined by the awarding government.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43684 |supp=y|page=5693|date=11 June 1965}} – Warrant, Fourteenth clause</ref> {{As of|2015}}, the annuity paid by the British government was [[Pound sterling|£]]10,000.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 July 2015 |title=Budget 2015: Bank fines will pay for annual £10,000 reward for VC and GC winners |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/budget-2015-uk-emergency-live-bank-fines-will-pay-annual-ps10-000-reward-vc-and-gc-winners-10373326.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> In Canada under the ''Gallantry Awards Order'', members of the [[Canadian Forces]], or people who joined the British forces before 31 March 1949 while domiciled in Canada or [[Newfoundland]], receive [[Canadian dollar|$]]3,000 per year.<ref name="decoration"/> Australia has been responsible for the payment of both the Victoria Cross Allowance and the George Cross annuity since the 1940s. The Victoria Cross Allowance which includes both the Victoria Cross for Australia and the British Victoria Cross is included in s.103 of the ''Veterans' Entitlement Act'' and is presently $A4,447 per year. Although there is not a statutory instrument for the payment of the George Cross annuity, both annuities for the Australian Cross of Valour and George Cross match the Victoria Cross Allowance payment.

==Restriction of use==
Since 1943, in accordance with the ''George Cross (Restriction of Use) Ordinance'', it is unlawful in [[Malta]] to use the George Cross, an imitation of it or the words ''George Cross'' for the purposes of trade or business without the [[Prime Minister of Malta|Prime Minister]]'s authorisation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/115/eng/pdf |title=George Cross (Restriction of Use) Ordinance |website=legislation.mt |publisher=Government of Malta |date=1943}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[British and Commonwealth orders and decorations]]
* [[:Category:Recipients of the George Cross|Recipients of the George Cross]]
* [[List of George Cross recipients]]
* [[George Medal]]
* [[Cross of St. George (Russia)|Cross of St. George]], a Russian award
* [[Saint George's Cross]], the flag of England
* [[Flag of Malta]], a flag bearing the cross
* [[Soham rail disaster]] – 2 June 1944
* [[The Victoria Cross and George Cross Association]]
* [[Elizabeth Cross]]
* [[PDSA Gold Medal]] – seen as the animal equivalent of the GC

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Abbott |first1=P. E. |last2=Tamplin |first2=J.M.A. |title=British Gallantry Awards |date=1981 |publisher=Nimrod Dix |location=London |isbn=9780902633742}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bisset |first1=I. |title=The George Cross |date=1961 |publisher=[[MacGibbon & Kee]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Blanch |first1=Craig |title=For Gallantry: Australians awarded the George Cross & the Cross of Valour |date=2020 |publisher=[[NewSouth Books (Australia)|NewSouth Books]] |isbn=978-1-74223-682-7}}
* {{cite book |last1=Duckers |first1=Peter |title=British Gallantry Awards: 1855–2000 |date=2001 |publisher=[[Shire Publications]] |location=Princes Risborough, UK |isbn=978-0747805168}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hebblethwaite |first1=Marion |title=George Cross Encyclopedia: Illustrated biographies of all George Cross recipients |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-9997057-3-2 |location=Cirencester |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hissey |first1=Terry |title=Come if Ye Dare: The Civil Defence George Crosses |date=2008 |publisher=Civil Defence Association |location=Matlock |isbn=978-0-9550153-2-8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mussell |first1=John |title=Medal yearbook 2018 |date=2017 |publisher=Token Publishing |location=Devon |isbn=978-1908828385}}
* {{cite book |last1=Smyth |first1=John |author1-link=Sir John Smyth, 1st Baronet |title=The Story of the George Cross |date=1968 |publisher=Barker |location=London |isbn=0-213-76307-9}}
* {{cite book |last1=Stanistreet |first1=Allan |title='Gainst All Disaster Gallant Deeds Above and Beyond the Call of Duty |date=1986 |publisher=Picton Publishing |location=Chippenham |isbn=9780948251160 |url=https://archive.org/details/gainstalldisaste0000stan}}
* {{cite book |title=The Victoria Cross and the George Cross: the complete history (3 vols) |editor-first=Christopher J. |editor-last=Wright |editor-link=Christopher Wright (academic) |editor2=Anderson, Glenda M. |year=2013 |publisher=Methuen & Co. |location=York |isbn=978-0-413-77752-2}}
* {{cite book |title=The Register of the George Cross |date=1990 |publisher=This England Books |location=Cheltenham |isbn=9780906324172 |edition=2nd}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|George Cross}}
* [https://www.vcgca.org/ Official Victoria Cross & George Cross Association website]
* [http://www.marionhebblethwaite.co.uk/ Marion Hebblethwaits's listing and books on the George Cross]
* [http://medals.nzdf.mil.nz/category/i/i1.html New Zealand Defence Force – Medal information page]
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/wo373.asp Search recommendations for the George Cross on The UK National Archives' website.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050207051824/http://collections.ic.gc.ca/courage/georgecrossrecipients.html Canadian World War II recipients]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050310195856/http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/ceremonial/bravery/types.asp Ceremonial Secretariat – Types of Bravery Award]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060223221333/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/rem_his_gc.htm Royal Engineers Museum: George Crosses awarded to Royal Engineers (Bomb Disposal)]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/15/newsid_3530000/3530301.stm BBC On This Day 1942: Malta gets George Cross for bravery]
* [https://www.naval-history.net/WW2MedalsBr-GC.htm George Cross at Sea in World War 2, including Naval bomb Disposal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080208174016/http://www.soham.org.uk/history/trainexplosion.htm Soham Rail Disaster] 2 June 1944
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080510161959/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/system/topicRoot/Holders_of_the_Victoria_Cross/ GC winners from ''The Times'' obituaries]
* [http://www.essex-family-history.co.uk/georgecross.htm George Cross recipients from the county of Essex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717180559/http://www.essex-family-history.co.uk/georgecross.htm |date=17 July 2019 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121025121210/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-26/india/28064780_1_naik-kripa-ram-george-cross-dix-noonan-webb "Stolen from Himachal, George Cross to go under hammer in UK"]. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 26 November 2009.

{{George Cross}}
{{Decorations of the United Kingdom}}
{{Former Australian Honours}}
{{George VI}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:George Cross| ]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1940]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of Australia]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Courage awards]]
[[Category:Decorations of the British Merchant Navy]]
[[Category:National symbols of Malta]]
[[Category:Saint George and the Dragon]]
[[Category:George VI]]

Shylashri

2026-03-24T05:14:57Z

AnnettLevi9: put up a pg

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2017}}

'''Shylashri''' is an Indian actress who acted in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]],[[Telugu cinema|Telugu]],[[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], and [[Malay cinema|Malay]] (Malaysian Launguage). She was awarded the [[Rajyotsava Awards (2019)|Rajyotsava Award]] in 2019 for her contributions to Kannada Cinema.

Shylashri is known to be one of 3 daughters of a classical musician, Veena Gnanambal, who taught music in [[Annamalai University]].

== Career ==
Shylashri began her career with a small role in the Malyalam film ''[[Kalanjukittiya Thankam]]'', released in 1964 and with a small role in Kannada Film ''[[Sandhya Raga]]'', released in 1966, by this she was introduced to Kannada Film Industry. She has acted as heroine and a supporting actress in many Kannada movies. She is well remembered for her role in the National Award-winning Kannada film ''[[Naguva Hoovu]]'', released in 1971 where she plays a nurse who falls in love with a doctor but sacrifices her love for a cancer patient who loves her. She also wrote the story for the film, which was produced by R.N.R. Productions. She acted as one of the heroines opposite [[Dr. Rajkumar]] in ''[[Bangarada Hoovu]] and Jedara Bale.'' She has also appeared in a few Tamil films.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

== Marriage ==
She married Kannada actor [[R.N.Sudarshan]], with whom she acted in films such as ''Naguva Hoovu'', ''[[Kadina Rahasya]]'', ''Kallara Kalla and'' ''Malathi Madhava''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sudarshan relives his celluloid journey|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/sudarshan-relives-his-celluloid-journey/article1076640.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref>

== Partial filmography ==

=== Kannada ===

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1966 || ''[[Sandhya Raga]]''
|
|
|-
|1967 || ''[[Bangarada Hoovu]]''
|Latha
|
|-
| 1967 || ''[[Manassiddare Marga]]''
|
|
|-
| 1967 || ''[[Nakkare Ade Swarga]]''
|
|
|-
| 1967 || ''[[Jaanara Jaana]]''
|
|
|-
| 1967 || ''[[Devara Gedda Manava]]''
|
|
|-
| 1968 || ''[[Jedara Bale]]''
|
|
|-
| 1968 || ''[[ Bedi Bandavalu]]''
|
|
|-
| 1968 || ''[[Dhoomakethu]]''
|Guest Appearance
|
|-
| 1968 || ''[[Mysore Tanga]]''
|
|
|-
| 1968 || ''[[Manassakshi]]''
|
|
|-
| 1968 || ''[[Manku Dinne]]''
|
|
|-
| 1968 || ''Lakshadeeshwara''
|
|
|-
| 1968 || ''Namma Ooru''
|
|
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Broker Bheeshmachari]]''
|
|
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Makkale Manege Manikya]]''
|
|
|-
| 1969 || ''Kaanike''
|
|
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Kadina Rahasya]]''
|
|
|-
| 1969 || ''Mathrubhoomi''
|
|
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Suvarna Bhoomi]]''
|
|
|-
|1969
|''Hoobisilu''
|
|
|-
| 1969 || ''Bhaagirathi''
|
|
|-
| 1970 || ''Kallara Kalla''
|
|
|-
| 1970 || ''Vagdhana''
|
|
|-
| 1970 || ''Arishina Kumkuma''
|
|
|-
| 1971 || ''[[Naguva Hoovu]]''
|
|Also Writer
|-
| 1971 || ''Malathi Madhava''
|
|
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Bala Panjara]]''
|
|
|-
| 1973 || ''Kaanada Kai''
|
|
|-
|1973|| ''Cowboy Kulla''
|
|
|-
|1973|| ''Bharatha Rathna''
|
|
|-
|1974|| ''[[Bangaarada Panjara]]''
|
|
|-
|1974 || ''Hemareddy Mallama''
|
|
|-
|1974 || ''[[Maga Mommaga]]''
|
|
|-
|1975 || ''Jagruthi''
|
|
|-
|1976 ||''Maya Manushya''
|
|
|-
|1976 || ''[[Mugiyada Kathe]]''
|Guest Appearance
|
|-
|1978 || ''[[Vamsha Jyothi]]''
|
|
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Thayiya Madilalli]]''
|
|
|-
|1981 || ''Number Aidoo Ekka''
|
|
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Mareyada Haadu]]''
|
|
|-
|1984
|''Avala Antaranga''
|
|
|-
|1984 || ''Sakida Sarpa''
|
|
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Kartavya (1985 film)|Kartavya]]''
|
|
|-
| 1987 || ''Shiva Bhaktha Markandeya''
|
|
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Bimba (film)|Bimba]]''
|
|
|-
|2005 || ''[[Mithayi Mane]]''
|
|
|-
| 2006 || ''Mukha Mukhi''
|
|
|-
|2010 || ''[[Super (2010 Indian film)|Super]]''
|
|
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Guru (2012 film)|Guru]]''
|
|
|-
| 2014 ||''[[Huccha Venkat (film)|Huccha Venkat]]''
|
|
|-
| 2014 || ''Vishwa Vinayaka''
|
|
|-
|2022-2023 || ''[[Janani (TV series)|Janani]]''
|
|TV Series
|}

=== Tamil ===
* ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965)
* ''[[Motor Sundaram Pillai]]'' (1966)
* ''[[Pandhayam (1967 film)|Pandhyam]]'' (1967)
* ''[[Selva Magal]]'' (1967)
* ''[[Muthu Chippi]]'' (1968)
* ''Neeyum Naanum'' (1968)
* ''Athai Magal'' (1969)
* ''[[Aayiram Poi]]'' (1969) as Latha
* ''[[Pennai Vazha Vidungal]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Vaa Raja Vaa]]'' (1969)
* ''Subhadhinam'' (1969)
* ''[[Aindhu Laksham]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Thirumalai Thenkumari]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Dharisanam]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Thabalkaran Thangai]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Aathi Parasakthi]]'' (1971)
* ''[[Kurathi Magan]]'' (1972)

=== Malayalam ===
* ''[[Kalanjukittiya Thankam]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Velutha Kathreena]]'' (1968)...Narthaki
* ''[[Nazhikakkallu]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Checkpost (film)|Checkpost]]'' (1974)

=== Hindi ===
* ''[[Waris (1969 film)|Waris]]'' (1969)

=== Telugu ===
* ''Bhale Abbayilu'' (1969)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2019]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]

Malhar Rao Holkar

2026-03-21T22:20:36Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{Short description|Maharaja of Indore from 1732 to 1766}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = [[Subahdar|Subedar]] of [[Malwa]] [[Maharaja]]
| name = Malhar Rao
| image = Malhar Rao Holkar contemporary.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = ''Malhar Rao Holkar'', Contemporary Painting {{circa|1770}} from Bundi, Rajasthan
| succession = [[Indore State|Maharaja of Indore]]
| reign = {{Nowrap|29 July 1732 – 20 May 1766}}
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| successor = [[Male Rao Holkar]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1693|3|16|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1766|5|20|1693|3|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Murum]], [[Phaltan]], [[Satara district]]
| death_place = [[Alampur, Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maratha Empire]]
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| nickname =
| allegiance = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|20px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| branch =
| serviceyears =
| rank = Maratha Empire 's general<ref>[http://indore.nic.in/holkar.htm Holkars of Indore] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030213114/http://www.indore.nic.in/holkar.htm |date=30 October 2013 }}</ref>
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = {{collapsible list|title = {{nobold|''See list''}}|{{tree list}}

*[[Battle of Balapur]]
*[[Battle of Vasai]]
*[[Battle of Palkhed]]
*[[Battle of Sikandarabad]]
* [[Battle of Mandsaur]]
* Siege of Thane
*Battle of Farrukhabad (1751)
*Maratha-Nizam war (1751-1752)
*Battle of Mangrol
*[[Battle of Delhi (1757)]]
*Siege of Barwara (1757)
*Capture of Peshawar (1758)
*[[Battle of Kakkor]]
*[[Battle of Sikandarabad]]
*[[Capture of Delhi (1760)]]
*[[Battle of Delhi (1764)]]
*[[Third Battle of Panipat]]
*[[Battle of Bagru]]
*[[Battle of Rakshasbhuvan]]
*[[Battle of Dholpur (1766)]]
{{tree list/end}}
}}
| spouse = [[Gautama Bai Holkar]] Bana Bai Sahib Holkar Dwarka Bai Sahib Holkar Harkuwar Bai Sahib Holkar
| children = [[Khanderao Holkar]], [[Tukojirao Holkar]]
| relations = {{ubl|[[Khanderao Holkar]] (son)
|[[Ahilyabai Holkar]] (daughter-in-law)
|[[Male Rao Holkar]] (grandson)
|[[Tukoji Rao Holkar]] (grand-nephew and adopted son)
}}
}}
}}

'''Malhar Rao Holkar''' (16 March 1693 – 20 May 1766) was a noble [[subedar]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] and the first [[Indore State|Maharaja of Indore]] from 1732 until his death in 1766. He was one of the early officers along with [[Ranoji Scindia]], appointed by Peshwa [[Bajirao I]] to help spread the Maratha rule to northern states and was given the estate of Indore to rule by the King chief, during the reign of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Emperor]] [[Shahu I]]. He was founder of the [[House of Holkar|Holkar dynasty]] that ruled [[Malwa]].

==Early life==
Malhar Rao Holkar was born on 16 March 1693 to Khandu Ji Holkar into a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Dhangar]] - [[Gadaria people|Gadaria]] family in Murum village near [[Phaltan]] in Satara district of Maharashtra. His father died in 1696, when he was only three years of age. Malhar Rao grew up in [[Taloda]] (Nandurbar District, Maharashtra) in the castle of his maternal uncle, Sardar Bhojrajrao Bargal. His maternal uncle held a cavalry under [[Maratha]] noble Sardar Kadam Bande. Bargal asked Malhar Rao to join his cavalry and soon after that he was placed in-charge of cavalry detachment.<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey|first1=R. V.| last1=Solomon |first2=J. W. |last2=Bond |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=2006 |isbn=9788120619654 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC |page=70}}</ref>

He married [[Gautama Bai Holkar]] (née Bargal) (d. 29 September 1761), his maternal uncle's(Mama) daughter, in 1717. He also married Bana Bai Sahib Holkar, Dwarka Bai Sahib Holkar, Harku Bai Sahib Holkar, a Khanda Rani between 1719 and 1726. This Khanda Rani status stems from the fact that she was a princess, he had sent his [[sword]] (K''haandaa'' in Marathi) to represent him at the wedding, to maintain appearances.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}

==War against the Rohillas and the Durrani Empire==
One of the foremost commanders of the [[Maratha Empire]] (1760), he participated in the battles such as the Battle of Jalesar (1737), the Battle of Delhi (1737), and the defeat of the Nizam in the [[Battle of Bhopal|Battle of Bhopal (1737)]]. He was also part of the campaign that wrested [[Vasai]] from the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] in 1739. He received [[Rampura, Neemuch|Rampura]], [[Bhanpura]] and [[Tonk (princely state)|Tonk]] in 1757, for the assistance given to [[Madhosingh I]] of [[Jaipur]] in his contest with [[Ishvari Singh|Ishwari Singh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinh |first=Raghubir |title=Malwa in Transition Or A Century of Anarchy: the First Phase 1698—1765 |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |year=2017 |isbn=9789351289166 |editor-last=Sarkar |editor-first=Sir Jadunath |pages=302}}</ref> Granted an Imperial Sardeshmukhi for Chandore, for his gallantry in the [[Rohilla]] campaign of 1748. From 1748 onwards, Malhar Rao Holkar's position in Malwa became firm and secure. Such was his terror that when Ishwari Singh learned that Malhar Rao is coming to arrest him, he killed himself. However, as an act of chivalry, Malhar Rao cremated his body as per the Hindu rituals.

He was called as the foster father of [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ud-Daulah]]. Malhar Rao Holkar, [[Jayappa Sindhia]], Gangadhar Tatya, [[Tukojirao Holkar]] and [[Khanderao Holkar]] went to help [[Safdarjung]] against Shadulla Khan, Ahmed Khan Bangash, Mohamud Khan and Bahadur Khan [[Rohilla]] as per the directions of Peshwa [[Balaji Bajirao]]. In the Battle of Fatthegad and [[Farukhabad]], they defeated the Rohillas and Bangash (March 1751-April 1752). When the Mughal Emperor learned that Ahmed Shah Abdali had attacked Punjab in December 1751, he asked Safdarjung to make peace with Rohillas and Bangash. On 12 April 1752, Safdarjung agreed to help Marathas but the Emperor didn't ratify the agreement and instead signed a treaty with Ahmed Shah Abdali on 23 April 1752. Meanwhile, the Peshwa asked Malhar Rao Holkar to return to Pune as Salabat Khan had attacked the city.

The [[Marathas]] besieged [[Kumher]] Fort from 20 January to 18 May 1754. The war continued for about four months. During the war Khanderao Holkar, son of Malhar Rao Holkar, was one day inspecting his army in an open palanquin, when he was fired upon from the fort. The cannonball hit and killed him on 24 March 1754. Malhar Rao was infuriated by the death of his only son and wanted to take revenge. He vowed that he would cut off the head of [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] and throw the soil of fort into [[Yamuna]] after destroying it. The Marathas increased pressure on the fort and Suraj Mal defended passively,{{clarify|date=April 2017}} but Suraj Mal was isolated as no other ruler was ready to help him. At this moment, Maharaja Suraj Mal was counseled by Maharani Kishori, who assured him not to worry and started diplomatic efforts. She contacted Diwan Roop Ram Katara. She knew that there were differences between Malhar Rao Holkar and Jayappa Sindhia and that Jayappa was very firm in his determinations. She advised Maharaja Suraj Mal to take advantage of mutual differences within Marathas. Diwan Roop Ram Katara was a friend of Jayappa Sindhia. She requested Diwan Roop Ram Katara to take a letter from Maharaja Suraj Mal proposing a treaty. Jayappa Sindhia assured Suraj Mal of assistance and contacted [[Raghunathrao]]. Raghunathrao in turn advised Holkar to sign a treaty with Suraj Mal. Malhar Rao Holkar assessed the situation and consented for the treaty due to possibility of isolation. This led to a treaty between both rulers on 18 May 1754. This treaty proved very beneficial for Maharaja Suraj Mal.<ref>Dr. Prakash Chandra Chandawat: Maharaja Suraj Mal aur unka yug, Jaypal Agencies Agra, 1982, Pages 110-118</ref>

[[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III]], aided by the Marathas led by Malhar Rao Holkar, defeated [[Safdarjung]]. At this the Mughal Emperor [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] collected a large army and camped at [[Sikandrabad]]. On the other hand, the Peshwa's younger brother Raghunath Rao, Malhar Rao Holkar and 2,000 [[Maratha]]'s and their ally [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III|Feroze Jung III]] routed Imperial [[Mughal Army]] of the Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur at the First Battle of Sikandarabad (1754). The Emperor left his mother, wives and a retinue of 8,000 women behind and fled to Delhi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Everett Jr. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSYkCQAAQBAJ&q=ahmad+shah+bahadur+abandoned+the+women+of+his+family&pg=PA261 |title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 2, 1500-1799): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas |publisher=McFarland & Co Inc |year=2010 |isbn=9781476608891 |pages=261 |via=}}</ref>

Malhar Rao Holkar, Raghunathrao, Shamsher Bahadur, Gangadhar Tatya, Sakharambapu, Naroshankar and Maujiram Bania attacked Delhi on 11 August 1757 and defeated [[Najib-ul-Daula]] and Ahmed Khan became the [[Mir Bakshi]] in his place. In March 1758, they conquered Sarhind. On 20 April 1758, Malhar Rao Holkar and Raghunathrao attacked and conquered Lahore. Tukojirao Holkar conquered [[Attock]] while Sabaji Scindia, Vitthal Shivdev [[Vinchurkar]] met them at [[Peshawar]]. Raghunathrao and Malharrao Holkar returned from [[Punjab]]. He was the most feared [[Maratha]] [[Sardar]] at that time.

He was raised to the rank of [[Subedar]] in 1757. Malhar Rao Holkar was defeated decisively by the cavalry of the [[Durrani Empire]] led by Jahan Khan at the Second Battle of Sikandarabad (1760).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire |publisher=A M S Press, Incorporated |year=1972 |isbn=9780404055820 |pages=228–230}}</ref>

Malhar Rao didn't help [[Dattaji Rao Scindia]] against [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmed Shah Abdali]] and remained in [[Rajputana]]. Many historians criticize him for not coming to the rescue of the Scindias in the time of a national danger, while some historians speak in favour of his move by claiming that it would have weakened his position in Rajputana. He tried guerrilla warfare after the defeat and death of Dattaji Shinde and achieved some success with his dream of capturing [[Delhi]] under his rule coming true. However, due to open plains between the forests in North India, lack of geographical knowledge and lack of support from the locals, he was decisively defeated by the Afghan general Jahan Khan at Rewadi and at the Second Battle of Sikandrabad. With it, his dream of conquering Delhi ended.

He participated in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]]. He, along with [[Suraj Mal|Raja Surajmal]] is said to have advised [[Sadashivrao Bhau]], Peshwa's cousin and the de facto commander of the Maratha army to leave all their heavy luggage, civilians and heavy static French-made cannons in any of the Maratha forts behind the [[Chambal River|Chambal]] river and perform the traditional Maratha guerrilla warfare against the Afghans until they retreat from [[India]]. His advice was refused by Sadashivrao partly because he believed in the European modernized form of warfare and partly because Malharrao's guerilla warfare failed against the Afghans. Some sources also state that Sadashivrao's advisors asked him to not pay any heed to Malhar Rao's advice's as he didn't want Bhau to cross Central India and see how he and other Sardars mishandled the situation.

He organized many raids against the Afghans and showed immense bravery, killing thousands of [[Durrani Empire|Durrani]] and [[Rohilla]] soldiers. He retreated from the battlefield of [[Panipat]] after seeing the Marathas losing and saved with him thousands of civilians and families of honorable Sardars. Many called him a coward for it while many argue that he was asked to save [[Parvatibai]] and many others by Sadashivrao himself if they are losing. Also if he would have remained in the battlefield, his light cavalry wouldn't have been able to do much against the Afghan [[Zamburak|Zamburaks]] and [[Jezail|Jezails]] in a pitched battle. The most probable outcome would have been a delayed Maratha defeat.

He decisively defeated the [[Rajput]] forces at the Battle of Mangrol and played a pivotal role in the resurrection of the [[Maratha]] power in [[Central India]] following the [[Third Battle of Panipat]]. He also supported his daughter-in-law, [[Ahilyabai Holkar]] in laying foundation of her future glorious reign. He also helped [[Mahadaji Shinde|Mahadji Scindia alias Shinde]] in recovering form the debacle at Panipat and helped him in restoring the lost power of the Scindias.

==Death and legacy==
[[File:Chhatri of Malhar Rao Holkar at Alampur, India.jpg|thumb|400px|right|[[Chhatri]] of Malhar Rao Holkar, built by his daughter-in-law [[Ahilya Bai Holkar]], at [[Alampur, Madhya Pradesh]].]]
[[File:Back View of Chhatri at Alampur.jpg|thumb|Back view of Malhar Rao Holkar's [[Chhatri]][[samadhi (shrine)|samadhi]] at [[Alampur, Madhya Pradesh]].]]

He died at [[Alampur, Madhya Pradesh|Alampur]] on 20 May 1766. His only son [[Khanderao Holkar]] had already died in 1754 during the siege of [[Kumher|Kumher Fort]] against the [[Jat people|Jat]] [[Maharaja]] [[Suraj Mal]] of [[Bharatpur State]]. After his son Khanderao's death in 1754, Malhar Rao prevented [[Khanderao Holkar]]'s wife [[Ahilya Bai Holkar]] from committing sati.<ref name=kr2>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1YSU9Qp9w0MC&dq=khande+rao+Holkar+kumbher&pg=PA184 Images of Women in Maharashtrian Literature and Religion, edited by Anne Feldhaus, pp185-186]</ref> Malhar Rao's grandson and Khanderao's young son [[Male Rao Holkar]] became the ruler of Indore in 1766, under the regentship of Ahilyabai, but he too died within few months in 1767. Ahilyabai became the ruler of Indore after the death of her only son with Khanderao. He is considered one of the architects of Maratha control over India.<ref name=kr1>[https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=khande+rao+Holkar+kumbher&pg=PA606 Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813, by Jaswant Lal Mehta, pp606]</ref><ref name=kr3>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_0RpUoGiou4C&dq=khande+rao+Holkar+kumbher&pg=PA60 Omkareshwar and Maheshwar: Travel Guide, p60]</ref><ref name=kr4>[https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&dq=khande+rao+Holkar+kumbher&pg=PA70 Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey, by R. V. Solomon, J. W. Bond, p.72]</ref>

His daughter-in-law [[Ahilya Bai Holkar]] built his [[samadhi (shrine)|samadhi]] [[Chhatri]], at the spot of his cremation, at [[Alampur, Madhya Pradesh|Alampur]] of [[Lahar, India|Lahar]] in [[Bhind district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state.<ref name=chat1>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mcbhind.com/pages.php?pv=History |title=History of Bhind district |access-date=19 May 2017 |archive-date=1 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501034549/http://www.mcbhind.com/pages.php?pv=History |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=chat2>[http://tenders.gov.in/innerpage.asp?choice=tc5&tid=mp767630&work=1 India Govt tender for the improvement of Malhar Rao Holkar's Chhatri at Alampur]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
*In the 1994 [[Hindi]] TV series ''[[The Great Maratha]]'', Holkar's character was portrayed by [[Parikshit Sahni]].
*In the 2015 [[Bollywood]] movie ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'', Malhar Rao Holkar was portrayed by Ganesh Yadav.
*In the 2019 [[Bollywood]] war drama ''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]'', [[Ravindra Mahajani]] portrays the role of Malhar Rao Holkar.
*In the [[Hindi]]-language TV series ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', Rushiraj Pawar portrays a young Holkar.
*In the [[Hindi]]-language TV series ''[[Punyashlok Ahilyabai|Punyashlok Ahilya Bai]]'', [[Rajesh Shringarpure]] plays the role of Malhar Rao Holkar.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Hindustancha Yugpurush Malharrao Holkar'' by Madhukar Salgare - 2009 (Marathi)
*''Subhedar Thorale Malharrao Holkar Yanche Charitra'' by M.M. Atre - 1893 (Marathi)
*''Peshwa Maratha Relations and Malharrao Holkar'' by N.N. Nagarale 1989 (English)
{{MarathaEmpire}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Holkar, Malhar Rao}}
[[Category:Maratha Chiefs in the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:1693 births]]
[[Category:1766 deaths]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Indore State]]
[[Category:People from Nandurbar district]]

Mirza Saqib Baig

2026-03-19T20:51:45Z

AnnettLevi9: put up basic entry v1

{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Mirza Saqib Baig
| image = Mirza_12-24-2025.tif
| caption = Prof. Baig in 2025
| fields = [[Inflammation]], [[Cancer research]], [[Macrophage]], [[Stem cell]], [[Immunology]], [[Drug development]]
| workplaces = CSIR - [[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]] (2009-2010)
[[University of Illinois at Chicago]] (2010-2014)
[[Mayo Clinic]] (2014-2015)
[[IIT Indore]] - Indian Institute of Technology Indore (2015-present)
| alma_mater = [[University of Rajasthan]] [[Bachelor of Science|(B.Sc.)]]
[[Aligarh Muslim University]] [[Master of Science|(M.Sc.)]]
[[Central Drug Research Institute]] [[Master of Science|(Ph.D.)]]
| known_for = Innate immunity and inflammatory pathways; TIRAP signaling in cancer and immunity; Onco-immunology; Macrophage biology; Stem cell–immune system interactions; Infectious disease immunology; Therapeutic development
| website = https://msblab.in/
}}

'''Mirza Saqib Baig''' is an Indian researcher, who specializes in [[Systemic inflammation|Chronic Inflammation]] and Cancer Biology.<ref>[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bV3oePcAAAAJ&hl=en Mirza Saqib Baig - Google Scholar]</ref> Since 2006, he has published numerous research articles, with the most notable contributions appearing in academic journals such as [[The Journal of Experimental Biology]],<ref name=":0">[[doi:10.1084/jem.20140990|Baig M.S., Zaichick S.V., Mao M., de Abreu A.L., Bakhshi F.R., Hart P.C., Saqib U., Deng J., Chatterjee S., Block M.L., Vogel S.M., Malik A.B., Consolaro M.E., Christman J.W., Minshall R.D., Gantner B.N., Bonini M.G. (2015). NOS1-derived nitric oxide promotes NF-κB transcriptional activity through inhibition of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1. ''Journal of Experimental Medicine'', 212(10), 1725–1738.]]</ref> [[Frontiers Media|Frontiers in Immunology]],<ref>[[doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355012|Baig M.S., Barmpoutsi S., Bharti S., Weigert A., Hirani N., Atre R., Khabiya R., Sharma R., Sarup S., Savai R. (2024). Adaptor molecule mediated negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways: A closer look. ''Frontiers in Immunology'', 15, 1355012.]]</ref><ref>[[doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241440|Baig M.S., Thurston T., Sharma R., Atre R., Saqib U., Khabiya R., Bharti S., Poh C.L. (2023). Targeting signalling pathways in inflammatory diseases. ''Frontiers in Immunology'', 14, 1241440.]]</ref> [[European Journal of Pharmacology]],<ref>[[doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177160.|Atre R., Obukhov A.G., Majmudar C.Y., Nair K., White F.A., Sharma R., Siddiqi F., Faisal S.M., Verma V.P., Hassan M.I., Mohammad T., Darwhekar G.N., Baig M.S. (2024). Dorzolamide intermediates with potential anti-inflammatory activity. ''European Journal of Pharmacology'', 987, 177160.]]</ref> [[Scientific Reports]],<ref>[[doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09607-5|Rajpoot S., Kumar A., Zhang K.Y.J., Gan S.H., Baig M.S. (2022). TIRAP-mediated activation of p38 MAPK in inflammatory signaling. ''Scientific Reports'', 12(1), 5601.]]</ref><ref>[[doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30782-4|Baig M.S., Roy A., Rajpoot S., Liu D., Savai R., Banerjee S., Kawada M., Faisal S.M., Saluja R., Saqib U., Ohishi T., Wary K.K. (2018). Repurposing thioridazine (TDZ) as an anti-inflammatory agent. ''Scientific Reports'', 8, 12471.]]</ref><ref>[[doi:10.1038/srep39530|Faisal S.M., Varma V.P., Subathra M., Azam S., Sunkara A.K., Akif M., Baig M.S., Chang Y.F. (2016). Leptospira surface adhesin (Lsa21) induces Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages. ''Scientific Reports'', 6, 39530.]]</ref> [[Inflammation Research]]<ref>[[doi:10.1007/s00011-016-1015-0|Srivastava M., Saqib U., Naim A., Roy A., Liu D., Bhatnagar D., Ravinder R., Baig M.S. (2017). The TLR4–NOS1–AP1 signaling axis regulates macrophage polarization. ''Inflammation Research'', 66(4), 323–334.]]</ref><ref>[[doi:10.1007/s00011-024-01921-5|Raizada S., Obukhov A.G., Bharti S., Wadhonkar K., Baig M.S. (2024). Pharmacological targeting of adaptor proteins in chronic inflammation. ''Inflammation Research''.]]</ref> and Inflammopharmacology.<ref>[[doi:10.1007/s10787-025-01675-3|Sarup S., Atre R., Obukhov A.G., Tabrez S., Yadav P., Kshatri A.S., Sk M.H., Baig M.S., ''et al.'' (2025). A thioridazine-derived molecule exhibits potential anti-inflammatory activity through IKK inhibition. ''Inflammopharmacology'', 1–13]]</ref> Baig's research trajectory began with a focus on [[infectious diseases]] and [[immune response]]s, particularly the molecular pathways underlying [[chronic inflammatory]] conditions. He later expanded into [[oncology]], elucidating how immune mechanisms influence [[cancer initiation]], progression, and the [[Tumor microenvironment|tumour microenvironment]]. His current work integrates [[stem cell biology]] with immunological principles to unravel the interactions between stem cells, immune signalling networks, and [[tissue regeneration]], with the overarching goal of developing innovative therapeutic strategies for both cancer and infectious diseases.

== Education ==

Baig obtained his [[Bachelor of Science]] ([[B.Sc]].) degree in 1999 from the [[University of Rajasthan]] (Jaipur, India), followed by a [[Master of Science|Master of Science (M.Sc.)]] in [[Biotechnology]] in 2001 from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (Aligarh, India). He then pursued doctoral studies in [[Biochemistry]] at the [[Central Drug Research Institute]] (Lucknow, India), earning his Ph.D. in 2008. Subsequently, Baig undertook fellowships in [[inflammation]] and [[cancer research]] at the [[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]] (Lucknow, India), the [[University of Illinois Chicago|University of Illinois at Chicago]] (Chicago, USA), and the [[Mayo Clinic]] (Rochester, USA).<ref>[[doi:10.1007/s10822-009-9315-y|2. Baig M.S., Kumar A., Siddiqi M.I., Goyal N. (2010). Characterization of dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase of Leishmania donovani: a molecular model for structure-based design of antileishmanials. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 24(1), 77–87.]]</ref>

== Career ==

Baig began his research career in 2002 at the [[Central Drug Research Institute]] (Lucknow, India), where he pursued his doctoral studies on the infectious disease and [[Antileishmanial|anti-leishmanial]] drug discovery.<ref>[https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/116/21/827/70063/Valproic-Acid-Results-In-Maintenance-but-Not Araki H., Baluchamy S., Petro B., Baig M.S., Suhangul M., Quigley J.G., et al. (2010). Valproic acid results in maintenance but not expansion of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells from human umbilical cord blood. ''Blood'', 116(21), 827.]</ref><ref name=":2"/> He earned his [[Ph.D]]. in 2008 and subsequently worked at the [[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]] (Lucknow, India) on Molecular [[Toxicology]].

In January 2010, he joined the [[University of Illinois Chicago|University of Illinois at Chicago]] (Chicago, United States) as a [[postdoctoral researcher]], studying [[hematopoietic stem cell]]s, [[macrophage]]s, and [[endothelial cells]] with a focus on [[chronic inflammation]] and [[cancer]] where he worked with Dr. Nadim Mahmud and Dr. Marcelo Bonini on projects in cancer biology and [[chronic inflammatory]] diseases.<ref name=":1">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336490386_Valproic_Acid_Results_In_Maintenance_but_Not_Expansion_of_Transplantable_Hematopoietic_Stem_Cells_From_Human_Umbilical_Cord_Blood Araki H., Baluchamy S., Petro B., Baig M.S., Suhangul M., Quigley J.G., et al. (2010). Valproic acid results in maintenance but not expansion of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells from human umbilical cord blood. ''Blood'', 116(21), 827.]</ref><ref name=":0" /> In 2014, Baig joined the [[Mayo Clinic]] (Rochester, United States) on a [[research fellowship]], where he worked with Dr. Vijay Shah on project related to [[inflammation]] and [[liver fibrosis]].<ref name=":2">[[doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.031|Baig M.S., Yaqoob U., Cao S., Saqib U., Shah V.H. (2016). Non-canonical role of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) in activation and migration of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). ''Life Sciences'', 155, 13–21.]]</ref>

In 2015, he returned to India on a fellowship award from the Government of India (Ramalingaswami and Ramanujan Fellowship) and joined the [[Indian Institute of Technology Indore]]. He was appointed [[Assistant professor|Assistant Professor]] in 2016, promoted to [[Associate professor|Associate Professor]] in 2018, and became [[Professor]] in 2023. His laboratory at IIT Indore focuses on understanding the role of macrophages in chronic inflammatory disease and cancer, aiming to identify key therapeutic targets for innovative treatment strategies.

In 2025, Baig received the AHA–International Professorship Award from the [[American Heart Association]], United States.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=MSBLAB |url=https://msblab.in/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=msblab.in}}</ref> He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology]] (RSB) in 2024 and, in the same year, was awarded the Dr. G. P. Talwar Mid-Career Scientist Award by the Indian Immunology Society–Indian Institute of Science (IISc).<ref name=":3" /> His international research appointments include the IUBMB Mid-Career Research Fellowship (2021) from the [[International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=MID CAREER Fellowships awarded 2020 |url=https://iubmb.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/MC_2020.pdf |access-date=19 March 2026 |website=[[International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]]}}</ref> the ASM–IUSSTF Indo-US Professorship (2021) from the [[American Society for Microbiology]],<ref>[https://iusstf.org/asm-iusstf-indo-us-professorship-in-microbiology ASM-IUSSTF Indo-US Professorship in Microbiology - Iusstf]</ref> and the International Collaborative Research Award (2021) from the [[Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development]] (AMED) and the New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS).<ref name=":3" /> He has also been profiled by the [[New York Academy of Sciences]] and featured on other scientific and media platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sciences |first=The New York Academy of |date=2025-07-02 |title=Reflections from Academy Member Prof. Mirza S. Baig - NYAS |url=https://www.nyas.org/ideas-insights/blog/reflections-from-academy-member-prof-baig/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nyas.org/ideas-insights/blog/iamnyas-immunologist-mirza-s-baig/ #IAmNYAS: Immunologist Mirza S. Baig - NYAS]</ref><ref>[https://www.newindiakhabar.com/2025/06/12/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0/ जयपुर का अतुलनीय रत्न, प्रो. (डॉ.) मिर्ज़ा साक़िब बैग, बायोमेडिकल विज्ञान में वैश्विक योगदान के लिए हार्वर्ड में सम्मानित,, - Newindiakhabar]</ref><ref>[https://www.freepressjournal.in/education/fpj-ed-nobel-laureate-david-julius-says-india-has-lot-of-scientific-potentials FPJ-Ed: Nobel Laureate David Julius says India has lot of scientific potentials]</ref>
Baig has been invited to deliver lectures and collaborate with leading institutions worldwide.<ref name=":3" /> His engagements include visits to [[Harvard University]], [[Tufts University]], [[Rutgers University]], and [[Indiana University School of Medicine]] in the United States; [[University of Cambridge]], [[University of Oxford]], and [[King's College London]] in the United Kingdom; the [[University of California, San Francisco|University of California San Francisco]] and the [[University of Illinois Chicago|University of Illinois at Chicago]] in the United States; Technical University of Munich in Germany; [[Tohoku University]] and [[University of Osaka|Osaka University]] in Japan; [[Koç University|Koc University]] and [[Middle East Technical University]] in Turkey; and [[Sapienza University of Rome|Sapienza University]] of Rome in Italy.
[[File:Prof. Baig at the University of Queensland in 2025.jpg|thumb|Prof. Baig at the University of Queensland in 2025]]
[[File:Mirza Australia 2025.tif|thumb|Prof. Baig with Mr. Ananth and Prof. Bob Graham in 2025]]

=== Academic Visit to the University of Queensland, Australia ===
Under the Indian Council of Medical Research Visiting Professorship Program, Prof. Baig visited [[University of Queensland|the University of Queensland]] in Brisbane in 2025 to foster Indo–Australian collaborations in the fields of [[chronic inflammation]] and [[cancer research]]. During his visit, he delivered lectures at multiple Australian universities and engaged with Infensa Bioscience on translational drug discovery initiatives. Prof. Baig has also been honored and profiled by the Australian Science Media Centre Inc (Mirza Saqib Baig - Scimex).
== Teaching ==
Baig teaches [[Immunology]], [[Biochemistry]], [[Cell biology|Cellular]] and [[Molecular biology|Molecular Biology]], [[Drug discovery|Drug Discovery]] & Development at the [[Indian Institutes of Technology|Indian Institute of Technology]] in Indore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIT Indore, भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान इंदौर |url=http://www.iiti.ac.in/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=IIT Indore |language=en}}</ref>

== Professional affiliations ==
Prof. Baig is a professional member of several national and international scientific organizations, including the European Association for Cancer Research, [[American Society for Microbiology]], [[Indian Science Congress Association]], [[New York Academy of Sciences]], [[American Heart Association]], British Society for Cell Biology, and [[British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy]].<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baig, Mirza Saqib}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Rajasthan alumni]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Varun Dhawan

2026-03-15T14:53:10Z

AnnettLevi9: Enhanced content and organization

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1987)}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Varun Dhawan
| image = Varun Dhawan at Mehboob Studios in 2025 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Dhawan in 2025
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1987|04|24}}
| birth_place = 
| alma_mater = [[Nottingham Trent University]]
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2012–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Natasha Dalal|2021}}
| children = 1
| father = [[David Dhawan]]
| mother = Karuna Dhawan
| relatives = [[List of Hindi film clans#Dhawan family|Dhawan family]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Varun Dhawan|Full list]]
| signature = VarunDhawanSignature.png
}}

'''Varun Dhawan''' ({{IPA|hi|ʋəɾʊɳ d̪ʱəʋən}}; born 24 April 1987) is an Indian actor who works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]]. One of India's highest-paid actors, Dhawan has appeared in a variety of genres, from romantic-comedies to action. Between 2012 and 2018, he appeared in eleven consecutive commercially successful films. During the 2010s, he was featured in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list, reflecting his commercial presence within the Indian film industry.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Varun Dhawan |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/celebrity/varun-dhawan/1721/7 |access-date=8 January 2026 |magazine=Forbes India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Varun Dhawan Filmography |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/varun-dhawan/filmography/ |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Varun Dhawan’s 11 consecutive commercially successful films |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-varun-dhawan-s-11-consecutive-hits-at-box-office-2646266 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref>

The son of film director [[David Dhawan]], he graduated in business studies from [[Nottingham Trent University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varun Dhawan Awards: Achievements & Honors |url=https://indianexpress.com/about/varun-dhawan/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He began his career as an assistant director to [[Karan Johar]] in ''[[My Name Is Khan]]'' (2010) and subsequently made his acting debut in 2012 with Johar's teen drama ''[[Student of the Year]]''. He rose to prominence with leading roles in the romantic comedies ''[[Main Tera Hero]]'' (2014), ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]'' (2014), and ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]'' (2017); the action comedies ''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]'' (2015), ''[[Dishoom]]'' (2016), and ''[[Judwaa 2]]'' (2017); the dance film ''[[ABCD 2]]'' (2015); and the drama ''[[Sui Dhaaga]]'' (2018).
Dhawan also received praise for portraying an avenger in the thriller ''[[Badlapur (film)|Badlapur]]'' (2015) and an aimless man coping with loss in the drama ''[[October (2018 film)|October]]'' (2018), roles that differed from his usual on-screen persona.

This success was followed by several films that faced critical and commercial challenges starting with the period drama ''[[Kalank]]'', though the 2022 releases the family drama ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'' and the horror comedy ''[[Bhediya (film)|Bhediya]]'' were well-received. He has since had his highest-grossing release portraying Major [[Hoshiar Singh Dahiya]] in the war film ''[[Border 2]]'' (2026). Aside from acting, he is a prominent celebrity endoser for several brands and products. Off-screen, Dhawan is married to designer Natasha Dalal with whom he has a daughter.

== Early life ==

Dhawan was born on 24 April 1987<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/happy-birthday-varun-dhawan-7-lesser-known-facts-about-the-dishoom-star-1132592/|title=Happy Birthday Varun Dhawan: 7 lesser known facts about the Dishoom star!|date=24 April 2016|publisher=[[India.com]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104210919/http://www.india.com/showbiz/happy-birthday-varun-dhawan-7-lesser-known-facts-about-the-dishoom-star-1132592/|archive-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> to [[David Dhawan]], a film director, and Karuna Dhawan.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sangghvi|first=Bhavikk|title=Varun Dhawan will attract girls even when he's older?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Varun-Dhawan-will-attract-girls-even-when-hes-older/articleshow/19695696.cms|access-date=10 February 2014|date=23 April 2013|archive-date=3 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603110032/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-23/news-interviews/38762353_1_varun-dhawan-alia-bhatt-david-dhawan|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Prashant|title=I was a waiter at dad's party: Varun Dhawan|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/i-was-a-waiter-at-dad-s-party-varun-dhawan/article1-1108986.aspx|date=17 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=25 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225171730/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/i-was-a-waiter-at-dad-s-party-varun-dhawan/article1-1108986.aspx|archive-date=25 December 2014}}</ref> His family is [[Punjabi Hindus|Punjabi Hindu.]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 June 2016|title=I'm a Punjabi and I won't let them down: Varun Dhawan|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/170616/im-a-punjabi-and-i-wont-let-them-down-varun-dhawan.html|access-date=4 January 2021|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|language=en|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052113/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/170616/im-a-punjabi-and-i-wont-let-them-down-varun-dhawan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His elder brother, [[Rohit Dhawan|Rohit]], is a film director known for his debut venture ''[[Desi Boyz]]'', while his uncle, [[Anil Dhawan|Anil]], is an actor.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Priya|title=Varun Dhawan considers his brother Rohit his real life Humpty|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Varun-Dhawan-considers-his-brother-Rohit-his-real-life-Humpty/articleshow/37769756.cms|access-date=25 December 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201124336/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Varun-Dhawan-considers-his-brother-Rohit-his-real-life-Humpty/articleshow/37769756.cms|archive-date=1 December 2014}}</ref> His other relatives in the entertainment industry include his uncle, fashion designer [[Manish Malhotra]], and his cousins [[Punit Malhotra]] and [[Kunal Kohli]], both film directors.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dubey |first1=Bharti |last2=Mirza |first2=Almas |date=8 October 2023 |title=ETimes BFFs: Did you know how Varun Dhawan and Manish Malhotra are related? Find out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/etimes-bffs-did-you-know-how-varun-dhawan-and-manish-malhotra-are-related-find-out/articleshow/104253517.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He completed his primary education at [[Bombay Scottish School]], [[Mumbai]] and later completed his [[Higher Secondary School Certificate|HSC]] education from the [[H.R. College of Commerce and Economics]]. He has a degree in business studies from the [[Nottingham Trent University]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news|title=Forget girlfriend, I'll now find myself a wife: Varun Dhawan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Forget-girlfriend-Ill-now-find-myself-a-wife-Varun-Dhawan/articleshow/20755803.cms?|work=The Times of India|date=25 July 2013|access-date=23 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505021854/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Forget-girlfriend-Ill-now-find-myself-a-wife-Varun-Dhawan/articleshow/20755803.cms|archive-date=5 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ntu.ac.uk/alumni/stories/distinguished-alumni|title=Distinguished Alumni|website=ntu.ac.uk|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052201/https://www.ntu.ac.uk/alumni/alumni-stories/notable-alumni|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to his acting career, he worked as an assistant director to [[Karan Johar]] on the film ''[[My Name Is Khan]]'' (2010).<ref name="new">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/The-new-stars-of-Bollywood/Article1-644946.aspx |title=The new stars of Bollywood |work=Hindustan Times |date=31 December 2010 |access-date=27 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005081045/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/The-new-stars-of-Bollywood/Article1-644946.aspx |archive-date=5 October 2012 }}</ref>

== Career ==

=== 2012–2014: Early work and success ===
[[File:Varun Dhawan at the promo launch of 'Student Of The Year'.jpg|thumb|upright|Dhawan at the trailer launch of ''[[Student of the Year]]'' in 2012]]
Dhawan made his acting debut in 2012 with Johar's teen film ''[[Student of the Year]]'' alongside [[Sidharth Malhotra]] and [[Alia Bhatt]].<ref name="new" /> He was cast as Rohan Nanda, the teenage son of a rich businessman, who competes with his girlfriend (Bhatt) and best friend (Malhotra) to win an annual school championship. Film critic [[Taran Adarsh]] from [[Bollywood Hungama]] found Dhawan to be "a talent one can't help but marvel at" and [[CNN-IBN]]'s [[Rajeev Masand]] added: "It's Varun Dhawan who stands out with a confident, charming turn, able to tackle both comical and vulnerable scenes with ease".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/541770|title=Student Of The Year (2012): Hindi Movie Critic Review By Taran Adarsh|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=18 October 2012|access-date=19 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019160501/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/541770|archive-date=19 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/student-of-the-year-review-if-fun-is-what-youre-seeking-you-wont-be-disappointed/301301-47-84.html|title='Student of the Year' Review: If fun is what you're seeking, you won't be disappointed|publisher=[[CNN IBN]]|date=20 October 2012|access-date=19 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206164228/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/student-of-the-year-review-if-fun-is-what-youre-seeking-you-wont-be-disappointed/301301-47-84.html|archive-date=6 December 2013}}</ref> ''Student of the Year'' was a commercial success, grossing {{INRConvert|1.09|b}} worldwide.<ref name="gross">{{cite web|title=Top Worldwide Grossers All Time |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/world_total#.VbC_lvmSiYA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919181138/http://boxofficeindia.com/Collections/world_total#.VqnmS_l97IU|archive-date=19 September 2015|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>

Dhawan next starred in the romantic comedy ''[[Main Tera Hero]]'' (2014), a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Kandireega]]'', which was produced by [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] and directed by his father David.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Varun-Dhawan-is-Ekta-Kapoor-s-Rs-2-crore-hero/Article1-985317.aspx|title=Varun Dhawan is Ekta Kapoor's Rs. 2 crore hero|work=Hindustan Times|date=5 January 2013|access-date=5 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106002756/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Varun-Dhawan-is-Ekta-Kapoor-s-Rs-2-crore-hero/Article1-985317.aspx|archive-date=6 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/jan/090113-david-dhawan-to-direct-son-varun-in-kandireega-remake.htm|title=David Dhawan to direct son in Kandireega Remake|work=Mid Day|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221032415/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/jan/090113-david-dhawan-to-direct-son-varun-in-kandireega-remake.htm|archive-date=21 February 2013}}</ref> He played an impetuous brat who is involved in a love triangle. Raedita Tandon of ''[[Filmfare]]'' commended Dhawan on his comic timing and compared him favourably to [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Prabhudheva]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Tandon|first=Raedita|url=http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-main-tera-hero-5788.html|title=Movie Review: Main Tera Hero|work=Filmfare|date=4 April 2014|access-date=10 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407124129/http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-main-tera-hero-5788.html|archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> The film emerged as a commercial success grossing 780 million Indian rupees worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Ten Worldwide Grossers 2014|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/toptenworldwidegrossers2014#.U2tUa_mSySo|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=8 May 2014|date=8 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626125101/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/toptenworldwidegrossers2014#.Vs1_2fl97IU|archive-date=26 June 2015}}</ref> Dhawan then played Rakesh, a flirtatious Punjabi boy who engages in a romantic affair with an engaged Punjabi woman, in [[Shashank Khaitan]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]''. Co-starring Bhatt, the film was described as a tribute to {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]}} (1995) by Johar, who served as producer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karan-johar-pays-tribute-to-dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge-through-humpty-sharma-ki-dulhaniya/|title=Karan Johar pays tribute to 'Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge' through 'Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhaniya'|work=The Indian Express|date=26 May 2014|access-date=11 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714164822/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karan-johar-pays-tribute-to-dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge-through-humpty-sharma-ki-dulhaniya/|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Rohit Khilnani of ''[[India Today]]'' praised his screen presence, and Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' noted how much he stood out in the "few quieter scenes" of the film.<ref>{{cite news|last=Khilnani|first=Rohit|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/movie-review-humpty-sharma-ki-dulhania-alia-bhatt-varum-dhawan-siddharth-shukla-200013-2014-07-11|title=Movie Review: Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania is a refreshing film|work=India Today|date=11 July 2014|access-date=11 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713203228/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/movie-review-humpty-sharma-ki-dulhania-alia-bhatt-varum-dhawan-siddharth-shukla/1/370774.html|archive-date=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3mqkEZoU2GC3e1TPFgCFZI/Film-Review--Humpty-Sharma-Ki-Dulhania.html|title=Film Review: Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=11 July 2014|access-date=11 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711201822/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3mqkEZoU2GC3e1TPFgCFZI/Film-Review--Humpty-Sharma-Ki-Dulhania.html|archive-date=11 July 2014}}</ref> ''Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania'' emerged as one of top-grossing Indian productions of the year, earning {{INRConvert|1.11|b}} worldwide.<ref name="gross" />

=== 2015–2018: Established actor ===
The crime thriller ''[[Badlapur (film)|Badlapur]]'' (2015) from director [[Sriram Raghavan]] saw Dhawan play Raghu, a father who over the course of 15 years avenges the murder of his wife and son.<ref name="badla1">{{cite news|title=Watch: Varun Dhawan steals the thunder with his ballistic avatar in 'Badlapur' teaser|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-varun-dhawan-steals-the-thunder-with-his-ballistic-avatar-in-badlapur-teaser-2040267|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=2 December 2014|access-date=2 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215074807/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-varun-dhawan-steals-the-thunder-with-his-ballistic-avatar-in-badlapur-teaser-2040267|archive-date=15 December 2014}}</ref> Portraying Raghu was a "terrifying" experience for Dhawan, who "slipped into depression as after a point it no longer felt like I was acting in a film".<ref>{{cite news|last=Pathak|first=Ankur|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Varun-turns-dad/articleshow/45331398.cms|title=Varun turns dad|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=1 December 2014|access-date=27 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227101339/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Varun-turns-dad/articleshow/45331398.cms|archive-date=27 February 2015}}</ref> Raja Sen of [[Rediff.com]] praised his acting range, writing that he "sheds his easy-breezy charm {{mdash}} but, crucially, not his slightly hapless natural likeability {{mdash}} and bubbles up volcanically, his eyes frequently doing the talking."<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Badlapur is a dark, unflinching, fantastic film|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-badlapur-is-a-dark-unflinching-fantastic-film/20150220.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=20 February 2015|access-date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226182839/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-badlapur-is-a-dark-unflinching-fantastic-film/20150220.htm|archive-date=26 February 2015}}</ref> He received a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] nomination for his performance.<ref name="ff16">{{cite news|title=Nominations for the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards|url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html|work=Filmfare|date=11 January 2016|access-date=11 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112103208/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html|archive-date=12 January 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Varun Dhawan and Shraddha Kapoor.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Dhawan and [[Shraddha Kapoor]] at a promotional event for ''[[ABCD 2]]'' in 2015]]

Dhawan next starred opposite [[Shraddha Kapoor]] in the dance film ''[[ABCD 2]]'', in which he portrayed the real-life character of [[Kings United]] founder Suresh Mukund, a dancer from Mumbai who went on to win the 2012 [[World Hip Hop Dance Championship]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adivarekar|first=Priya|title=Varun's character based on a real life choreographer in ABCD 2|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/varuns-character-based-on-a-real-life-choreographer-in-abcd-2/|work=The Indian Express|date=11 July 2014|access-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715155755/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/varuns-character-based-on-a-real-life-choreographer-in-abcd-2/|archive-date=15 July 2014}}</ref> Critic Shilpa Jamkhandikar of [[Reuters]] criticised the feature, finding Dhawan to be the only asset of the film, writing that "except for the honest note he strikes, the rest of the film could have been just a bunch of music videos".<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie Review: ABCD 2|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2015/06/19/movie-review-abcd-2/|publisher=Reuters|date=19 June 2015|access-date=24 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210171553/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2015/06/19/movie-review-abcd-2/|archive-date=10 December 2015}}</ref> ''ABCD 2'' earned {{INRConvert|1.67|b}} worldwide;<ref name="gross" /> the film's commercial performance led [[Box Office India]] to consider it an emergence of Dhawan's star power.<ref>{{cite web|title=ABCD 2 Records Highest Opening Day Of 2015|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/abcd2recordshighestopeningdayof2015#.VYTpLEbE99o|publisher=Box Office India|date=19 June 2015|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626101728/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/abcd2recordshighestopeningdayof2015|archive-date=26 June 2015}}</ref> Dhawan's final appearance that year was in [[Rohit Shetty]]'s ensemble action drama ''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]'', co-starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Kajol]] and [[Kriti Sanon]], in which he played the younger sibling of Khan's character.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dilwale: Heart attack|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/dilwale-review-heart-attack/article8004464.ece|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|work=The Hindu|date=19 December 2015|access-date=19 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926174104/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/dilwale-review-heart-attack/article8004464.ece|archive-date=26 September 2016}}</ref> Despite mixed reviews from critics, the film proved to be a commercial success, grossing over {{INRConvert|3.75|b}} worldwide, emerging as Dhawan's highest-grossing release and one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Bollywood films]].<ref name="box office" /><ref>{{cite news|title='Dilwale' Easily Wins The Battle Of The Bollywood Blockbusters|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2015/12/20/dilwale-easily-wins-the-battle-of-the-bollywood-blockbusters/#4141c45b3539|last=Groves|first=Don|work=Forbes|date=20 December 2015|access-date=24 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043328/http://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2015/12/20/dilwale-easily-wins-the-battle-of-the-bollywood-blockbusters/#4141c45b3539|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref> He next appeared in the action cop comedy ''[[Dishoom]]'' (2016), directed by Rohit, alongside [[John Abraham]] and [[Jacqueline Fernandez]], as a rookie Indo-Emirati cop.<ref name="dishoom">{{cite news|title=Team Dishoom wraps it up in style!|url=http://www.thestatesman.com/news/bollywood/team-dishoom-wraps-it-up-in-style/137177.html|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]|date=18 April 2016|access-date=19 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420150153/http://www.thestatesman.com/news/bollywood/team-dishoom-wraps-it-up-in-style/137177.html|archive-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> Despite mixed reviews, the film proved to be successful at the box office grossing over {{INRConvert|1.2|b}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dishoom |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3343 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=19 February 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615113336/http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3343 |archive-date=15 June 2017 }}</ref>

Dhawan reunited with Khaitan and Bhatt for the romantic comedy ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]'' (2017), in which he played the titular character, a chauvinist fiancé to Bhatt's character.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2016-05-03 |title=Varun, Alia Back With 'Badrinath Ki Dulhania' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2016/May/03/varun-alia-back-with-badrinath-ki-dulhania-932297.html |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote that Dhawan "impresses as a boy-struggling-to-be-a-man".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/badrinath-ki-dulhania-movie-review-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-shashank-khaitan-star-rating-4563044/|title=Badrinath Ki Dulhaniya movie review: Cheer for Alia Bhatt, Varun Dhawan, it's that kind of a film|work=[[The Indian Express]]|author=Subhra Gupta|access-date=10 March 2017|date=10 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310093208/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/badrinath-ki-dulhania-movie-review-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-shashank-khaitan-star-rating-4563044/|archive-date=10 March 2017}}</ref> In addition, Tushar Joshi of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' noted that "Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt prove that on screen chemistry can be enough sometimes to keep you engaged in an average plot with a predictable narrative".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-badrinath-ki-dulhania-review-varun-and-alia-s-chemistry-keeps-you-engaged-despite-an-average-plot-2348603|title=Badrinath Ki Dulhania Review: Varun and Alia's crackling chemistry works wonders for this desi love story!|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=10 March 2017|access-date=11 March 2017|author=Tushar Joshi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312230331/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-badrinath-ki-dulhania-review-varun-and-alia-s-chemistry-keeps-you-engaged-despite-an-average-plot-2348603|archive-date=12 March 2017}}</ref> He received his second Best Actor nomination at Filmfare for the film.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2018-nominations-5029617/|title=Filmfare Awards 2018: Complete list of nominations|date=18 January 2018|work=The Indian Express|access-date=20 January 2018|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120182116/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2018-nominations-5029617/|archive-date=20 January 2018}}</ref> Later in 2017, he starred in his father's ''[[Judwaa 2]]'', a reboot of his 1997 [[Salman Khan]] starrer ''[[Judwaa]]'', alongside Fernandez and [[Taapsee Pannu]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Meet the 'Judwaa 2' trio: David Dhawan, Varun Dhawan and Sajid Nadiadwala|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Meet-the-Judwaa-2-trio-David-Dhawan-Varun-Dhawan-and-Sajid-Nadiadwala/articleshow/50902764.cms|work=The Times Of India|date=9 February 2016|access-date=9 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208195401/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Meet-the-Judwaa-2-trio-David-Dhawan-Varun-Dhawan-and-Sajid-Nadiadwala/articleshow/50902764.cms|archive-date=8 February 2016}}</ref> Both ''Badrinath Ki Dulhania'' and ''Judwaa 2'' proved to be commercial successes, earning over {{INRConvert|2|b}} each.<ref name="box office">{{cite web |title=Top Worldwide Grossers All Time |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107113404/http://boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Forbes'' published that with nine consecutive box office hits and a 100% success ratio, Dhawan had established himself as a "bona fide Bollywood superstar".<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news |date=13 October 2016 |title=With 9 Straight Hits, 'Judwaa 2' Lead Varun Dhawan Has Become A Bona Fide Bollywood Superstar |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/10/13/with-9-straight-hits-judwaa-2-lead-varun-dhawan-has-become-a-bona-fide-bollywood-superstar/#4cfa19664a58 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103113314/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/10/13/with-9-straight-hits-judwaa-2-lead-varun-dhawan-has-become-a-bona-fide-bollywood-superstar/#4cfa19664a58 |archive-date=3 January 2018 |access-date=19 February 2018 |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref name="Bollywood Hungama">{{cite web |date=5 October 2017 |title=The verdict is out: Varun Dhawan is officially a SUPERSTAR! |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/verdict-varun-dhawan-officially-superstar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005092439/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/verdict-varun-dhawan-officially-superstar/ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

Dhawan had two releases in 2018, [[Shoojit Sircar]]'s drama ''[[October (2018 film)|October]]'' and [[Sharat Katariya]]'s social problem film ''[[Sui Dhaaga]]''.<ref name="bollywoodhungama.com">{{cite web |date=23 April 2018 |title=Box Office: Varun Dhawan maintains his zero flops record with his tenth film October |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-varun-dhawan-maintains-zero-flops-record-tenth-film-october/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133418/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-varun-dhawan-maintains-zero-flops-record-tenth-film-october/ |archive-date=3 July 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref name="Daily News and Analysis">{{cite news |date=4 October 2018 |title=Varun Dhawan adds another hit to his kitty with Sui Dhaaga – Made In India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-varun-dhawan-adds-another-hit-to-his-kitty-with-sui-dhaaga-made-in-india-2671470 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185611/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-varun-dhawan-adds-another-hit-to-his-kitty-with-sui-dhaaga-made-in-india-2671470 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |access-date=4 October 2018 |work=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> ''October'', written by Sircar's frequent collaborator [[Juhi Chaturvedi]], saw him portray Danish Walia, an aimless hotel management trainee whose life undergoes a series of changes when his co-worker goes into a coma. In a highly positive review, [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' commended Dhawan for "effac[ing] his starry swagger and trademark cutesiness to play Dan"; Rohit Vats of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' considered it to be his finest performance to date and wrote that "his humour is innate, but his understanding of pain and how it affects the human behaviour is even better".<ref>{{cite news|last=Vetticad|first=Anna M. M.|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/october-movie-review-varun-dhawans-innocent-charm-sits-well-with-this-sweet-sad-funny-film-4429839.html|title=October movie review: Varun Dhawan's innocent charm sits well with this sweet-sad-funny film|work=Firstpost|date=13 April 2018|access-date=13 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413194234/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/october-movie-review-varun-dhawans-innocent-charm-sits-well-with-this-sweet-sad-funny-film-4429839.html|archive-date=13 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Vats|first=Rohit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/october-movie-review-we-all-are-fighting-like-varun-dhawan-and-winning/story-oD4znXFhA2Kz3kp7XdeTkI.html|title=October movie review: We all are fighting like Varun Dhawan and winning|work=Hindustan Times|date=13 April 2018|access-date=13 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413102834/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/october-movie-review-we-all-are-fighting-like-varun-dhawan-and-winning/story-oD4znXFhA2Kz3kp7XdeTkI.html|archive-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> ''Sui Dhaaga'' featured Dhawan and [[Anushka Sharma]] respectively as Mauji and Mamta, a newly-wed couple in rural India who begin their own small-scale clothing business. Udita Jhunjunwala of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' reviewed, "Dhawan has perfected the template for playing a simpleton. He brings a similar naiveté to Mauji, albeit endearingly."<ref>{{cite news|last=Jhunjhunwala|first=Udita|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/IoYipQGhn5xfMjlCLvDW0O/Sui-Dhaaga-movie-review-Weaving-a-warm-tale-about-sustainab.html|title=Sui Dhaaga movie review: Weaving a warm tale about sustainability|work=Mint|date=28 September 2018|access-date=28 September 2018|archive-date=28 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928133133/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/IoYipQGhn5xfMjlCLvDW0O/Sui-Dhaaga-movie-review-Weaving-a-warm-tale-about-sustainab.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For ''October'', he received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |title=Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019 |work=Filmfare |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=16 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316052927/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 2019–present: Commercial fluctuations and setbacks===
[[File:Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt promoting Kalank.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Dhawan and frequent co-star [[Alia Bhatt]] promoting ''[[Kalank]]'' in 2019]]
Dhawan's sole screen appearance in 2019 was in [[Abhishek Varman]]'s ensemble period drama ''[[Kalank]]'', in which he was once again paired opposite Bhatt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kalank-get-ready-for-an-epic-drama-starring-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-madhuri-dixit-sanjay-dutt-and-more-1721519.html|title=Kalank: Madhuri-Sanjay To Reunite On Screen Along With Alia, Varun, Sonakshi and Aditya|publisher=CNN-News18|date=18 April 2018|access-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418070422/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kalank-get-ready-for-an-epic-drama-starring-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-madhuri-dixit-sanjay-dutt-and-more-1721519.html|archive-date=18 April 2018}}</ref> Set in the 1940s prior to the [[partition of India]], the film featured him as a womanising blacksmith; for the physical demands of the part, he trained extensively despite suffering from a knee injury and hamstring tear, and insisted on performing his own stunts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/varun-dhawan-on-playing-zafar-in-kalank-the-blood-you-see-is-my-own-1491922-2019-04-02|title=Varun Dhawan on playing Zafar in Kalank: The blood you see is my own|work=India Today|date=2 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417213446/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/varun-dhawan-on-playing-zafar-in-kalank-the-blood-you-see-is-my-own-1491922-2019-04-02|url-status=live}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]] was appreciative of Dhawan's against-type performance in it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalank-movie-review-stunning-alia-bhatt-and-luminous-madhuri-dixit-make-film-near-spotless-3-out-of-2024332|title=Kalank Movie Review: Stunning Alia Bhatt And Luminous Madhuri Dixit Make Film Near-Spotless|website=NDTV|date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417074610/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalank-movie-review-stunning-alia-bhatt-and-luminous-madhuri-dixit-make-film-near-spotless-3-out-of-2024332|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dhawan began the new decade with the dance film ''[[Street Dancer 3D]]'' (2020), which [[Namrata Joshi]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' termed a "compilation of indistinguishable performances".<ref>{{cite news|author=Joshi, Namrata|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/street-dancer-3d-movie-review-this-dance-saga-is-a-compilation-of-indistinguishable-performances/article30643280.ece|title='Street Dancer 3D' movie review: This dance saga is a compilation of indistinguishable performances|date=24 January 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 January 2020|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125135935/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/street-dancer-3d-movie-review-this-dance-saga-is-a-compilation-of-indistinguishable-performances/article30643280.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Both ''Kalank'' and ''Street Dancer 3D'' did not perform well commercially.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Varun Dhawan Filmography|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=6603|website=www.boxofficeindia.com|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711111854/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=6603|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5878|title=Street Dancer 3 And Panga Second Friday Business|website=Box Office India|date=1 February 2020|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=10 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710141915/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5878|url-status=live}}</ref> He worked with his father for a third time in ''[[Coolie No. 1 (2020 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'', a 2020 adaptation of the Govinda-starrer [[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|1995 film of the same name]], which owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] released online on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 November 2020|title='Coolie No 1' poster: Five Varun Dhawan and one Sara Ali Khan to arrive on THIS date; here's when trailer will be out|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/news-coolie-no-1-poster-five-varun-dhawan-and-one-sara-ali-khan-to-arrive-on-this-date-here-s-when-trailer-will-be-out-2858551|access-date=26 November 2020|website=DNA India|language=en|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126052632/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/news-coolie-no-1-poster-five-varun-dhawan-and-one-sara-ali-khan-to-arrive-on-this-date-here-s-when-trailer-will-be-out-2858551|url-status=live}}</ref> Critical and public reception to the film was negative, largely in light of the nepotism debate due to [[Death of Sushant Singh Rajput#Public reactions|actor Sushant Singh Rajput's death]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 December 2020|title=Coolie No. 1's IMDb rating takes a nosedive, fares worse than Race 3 and Himmatwala|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/coolie-no-1-s-imdb-rating-takes-a-nosedive-fares-worse-than-race-3-and-himmatwala/story-2Hqh8rVQMRedBQOTTetKJJ.html|access-date=28 December 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052048/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/coolie-no-1-s-imdb-rating-takes-a-nosedive-fares-worse-than-race-3-and-himmatwala/story-2Hqh8rVQMRedBQOTTetKJJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In a scathing review, Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called the film a "zero wit, no flair" disaster, noting that Dhawan had "channelled [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] in many of his films much better".<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 December 2020|title=Coolie No. 1 movie review: Zero wit, no flair|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/coolie-no-1-review-zero-wit-no-flair-varun-dhawan-sara-ali-khan-7119374/|access-date=26 December 2020|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=25 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225093848/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/coolie-no-1-review-zero-wit-no-flair-varun-dhawan-sara-ali-khan-7119374/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, Dhawan starred alongside [[Kiara Advani]] in ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'', a comedy-drama about divorce. Writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Monika Rawal Kukreja commended him for "add[ing] life to a complex character".<ref>{{cite web|title=JugJugg Jeeyo review: Entertaining and emotional tale featuring good-looking people|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-101656038392114-amp.html|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=24 June 2022|access-date=24 June 2022|archive-date=24 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624073529/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-101656038392114-amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It earned {{INRConvert|1.35|b}} worldwide to emerge as one of the highest-grossing films of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2022/|title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide: 2022|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=25 November 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531101153/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2022/|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhawan played the title role in ''[[Bhediya]]'', the third instalment in the [[Maddock Horror Comedy Universe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawans-bhediya-to-release-in-2022-janhvi-kapoors-roohi-welcomes-him-to-her-world-7198274/|title=Bhediya: Varun Dhawan turns into werewolf, joins Janhvi Kapoor in horror comedy universe. Watch|date=21 February 2021|work=The Indian Express|access-date=31 March 2021|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226055752/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawans-bhediya-to-release-in-2022-janhvi-kapoors-roohi-welcomes-him-to-her-world-7198274/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot over a span of two months in various locations of [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-and-kriti-sanon-share-their-experiences-of-filming-bhediya-in-arunachal-pradesh-2384823|title=Varun Dhawan And Kriti Sanon Share Their Experiences Of Filming Bhediya In Arunachal Pradesh|date=6 March 2021|website=NDTV|access-date=31 March 2021|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325095009/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-and-kriti-sanon-share-their-experiences-of-filming-bhediya-in-arunachal-pradesh-2384823|url-status=live}}</ref> Sonal Dedhia of [[News18]] wrote that he "is in full form and is a delight to watch as an egoistic prick-turned-reluctant-werewolf".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bhediya-review-varun-dhawan-is-in-full-form-in-amar-kaushik-werewolf-drama-kriti-sanon-impresses-6466657.html|title=Bhediya Review: Varun Dhawan Is in Full Form in Amar Kaushik Werewolf Drama; Kriti Sanon Impresses|date=25 November 2022|website=News18|access-date=25 November 2022|archive-date=25 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125064831/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bhediya-review-varun-dhawan-is-in-full-form-in-amar-kaushik-werewolf-drama-kriti-sanon-impresses-6466657.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhawan starred opposite [[Janhvi Kapoor]] in [[Nitesh Tiwari]]'s ''[[Bawaal]]'' (2023), a romantic drama about a feuding couple who learn about [[World War II]] as they travel across Europe. It was released digitally on Amazon Prime Video.<ref name="bawaal">{{Cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/asia/varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-bawaal-prime-video-streaming-date-1235661175/|title=Varun Dhawan, Janhvi Kapoor's 'Bawaal' Teaser Unveiled, Prime Video Streaming Date Confirmed|work=Variety|date=4 July 2023|accessdate=5 July 2023|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705065214/https://variety.com/2023/tv/asia/varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-bawaal-prime-video-streaming-date-1235661175/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film received backlash for [[Holocaust trivialization]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Mogul|first=Rhea|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/28/media/india-bollywood-bawaal-movie-holocaust-controversy-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Bollywood film 'Bawaal' accused of trivializing Holocaust and demeaning victims|website=CNN|date=28 July 2023|accessdate=7 August 2023|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728102749/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/28/media/india-bollywood-bawaal-movie-holocaust-controversy-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In a scathing review, Santanu Das of ''Hindustan Times'' criticised the lack of chemistry between the lead pair and dismissed Dhawan as "particularly exasperating to witness".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Das|first=Santanu|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bawaal-movie-review-hitler-varun-dhawan-and-janhvi-kapoor-insensitive-film-101689916295218.html|title=Bawaal review: Hitler saves a toxic marriage in the most insensitive film of the year, so far|work=Hindustan Times|date=21 July 2023|accessdate=21 July 2023|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612144424/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bawaal-movie-review-hitler-varun-dhawan-and-janhvi-kapoor-insensitive-film-101689916295218.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dhawan's first release of 2024 came with ''[[Citadel: Honey Bunny]]'', the Indian spinoff of the American spy thriller series ''[[Citadel (TV series)|Citadel]]'', created and directed by [[Raj & DK]], once again for Amazon Prime Video.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 September 2021 |title=Varun Dhawan to star in the Indian spin-off of Priyanka Chopra's Amazon Prime Video series Citadel |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/varun-dhawan-star-indian-spin-off-priyanka-chopras-amazon-prime-video-series-citadel/ |access-date=3 July 2023 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428090536/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/varun-dhawan-star-indian-spin-off-priyanka-chopras-amazon-prime-video-series-citadel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Playing a stuntman, it marked his first full-fledged action role.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sharma|first=Devansh|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-interview-on-action-era-citadel-honey-bunny-baby-john-have-to-thank-samantha-ruth-prabhu-manifestation-101730098647261.html|title=Varun Dhawan interview on Citadel Honey Bunny, Baby John: 'Have to thank Samantha for my action era, she manifested it'|work=Hindustan Times|date=28 October 2024|accessdate=9 November 2024}}</ref> Writing for Rediff.com, Mayur Sanap found his performance "sincere" but "unconvincing", preferring that of his co-star [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sanap|first=Mayur|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/citadel-honey-bunny-review/20241107.htm|title=Citadel: Honey Bunny Review: Samantha Steals The Show!|website=Rediff.com|date=7 November 2024|accessdate=9 November 2024}}</ref> In another action role, he led the film ''[[Baby John (film)|Baby John]]'', produced by [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]], which served as a remake of Atlee's own Tamil film ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' (2016).<ref name="john">{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/vd18-varun-dhawan-looks-intense-in-the-first-look-of-baby-john-64241.html|title=VD18: Varun Dhawan looks intense in the first look of Baby John|work=Filmfare|date=5 February 2024|accessdate=5 February 2024|archive-date=5 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205120154/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/vd18-varun-dhawan-looks-intense-in-the-first-look-of-baby-john-64241.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta deemed him "all wrong for this kind of film — cameras can help him do the slo-mo swagger thing, but his delivery is fit only for low-fi comedies".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|date=25 December 2024|title=Baby John movie review: Bloated and incoherent, Varun Dhawan film among the worst of 2024|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/baby-john-movie-review-varun-dhawan-film-among-the-worst-of-2024-9743359/|access-date=25 December 2024|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> It emerged as a box-office bomb.<ref>{{cite news |last=Seta|first=Fenil|date=30 December 2024 |title=Baby John's box office clues: From weak marketing to the Pushpa 2 tsunami, trade analysts reveal why Varun Dhawan's big gamble misfired |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/baby-johns-box-office-clues-weak-marketing-pushpa-2-tsunami-trade-analysts-reveal-varun-dhawans-big-gamble-misfired/ |access-date=31 December 2024 }}</ref>

In 2025, Dhawan reunited with Khaitan and Janhvi Kapoor for the romantic comedy ''[[Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari]].''<ref>{{cite web | title='Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari' to clash with Rishab Shetty's 'Kantara: Chapter 1' | work=The Times of India | date=14 July 2025 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-to-clash-with-rishab-shettys-kantara-chapter-1/articleshow/122438520.cms }}</ref> ''India Today''<nowiki/>'s Tushar Joshi was appreciative of Dhawan's performance and comic timing in a role in which he "appears his most at ease in years".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |date=2025-10-02 |title=Sunny Sanskari Ki review: Varun Dhawan leads a shaky front in this lukewarm rom-com |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-review-varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-rom-com-2796536-2025-10-02 |access-date=2025-10-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> It underperformed commercially.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-11 |title='Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari' box office collection day 9: Varun Dhawan, Janhvi Kapoor starrer inches toward the Rs 45 crore mark amid competition from 'Kantara' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-box-office-collection-day-9-varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-starrer-inches-toward-the-rs-45-crore-mark-amid-competition-from-kantara/articleshow/124468593.cms |access-date=2025-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The following year, Dhawan portrayed Major [[Hoshiar Singh Dahiya]] among an ensemble led by [[Sunny Deol]] in ''[[Border 2]]'' (2026), an action film set admist the [[India–Pakistan war of 1971]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-23 |title=Border 2: Sunny Deol Officially Welcomes Varun Dhawan To The Cast With A Dramatic Video {{!}} Watch Now |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/border-2-sunny-deol-officially-welcomes-varun-dhawan-to-the-cast-with-a-dramatic-video-watch-now-9025223.html |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052047/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/border-2-sunny-deol-officially-welcomes-varun-dhawan-to-the-cast-with-a-dramatic-video-watch-now-9025223.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the filming of the [[Battle of Basantar]] sequence, he shot alongside real soldiers and sustained a tailbone injury.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-07 |title=‘I, in fact, injured my tailbone’: Varun Dhawan on intense ‘Border 2’ preparation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-in-fact-injured-my-tailbone-varun-dhawan-on-intense-border-2-preparation/articleshow/126379685.cms |access-date=2026-01-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In a mixed review for ''[[Mid-Day]]'', Athulya Nambiar noted that despite pre-release reservations about Dhawan's casting in a more mature role, he ultimately "lets his performance do the talking," by "bringing a quiet strength and composure to the role without slipping into caricature or unintended humour".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-23 |title=Border 2 movie review: Sunny Deol anchors an emotionally charged war drama |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/border-2-movie-review-sunny-deol-varun-dhawan-diljit-dosanjh-ahan-shetty-nidhi-dutta-23613365 |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> ''Border 2'' earned over {{INRConvert|4.8|b}} to rank as the [[List of Indian films of 2026#Box office collection|year's highest-grossing Indian film]] as well as the highest-grossing of Dhawan's career.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-24 |title=Varun Dhawan clocks his career best day 1 collection with 'Border 2'-Surpasses 'Kalank', 'Dilwale' and 'Judwaa 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/varun-dhawan-clocks-his-career-best-day-1-collection-with-border-2-surpasses-kalank-dilwale-and-judwaa-2/articleshow/127369764.cms#:~:text=Varun%20Dhawan%20achieves%20his%20career's,position%20as%20a%20commercial%20powerhouse. |access-date=2026-01-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Personal life and other work ==
Born into a Hindu family, he considers himself a spiritual person and close to [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|ISKCON]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhary |first=Anuradha |date=15 November 2022 |title=COVER STORY: Varun Dhawan on exploring his wild side |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/cover-story-varun-dhawan-on-exploring-his-wild-side-55796.html |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> On 24 January 2021, Dhawan married his long-time girlfriend, fashion designer Natasha Dalal whom he first met while studying in sixth grade at [[Bombay Scottish School]], Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaubey|first=Pranita|date=25 January 2021|title=At Varun Dhawan And Natasha Dalal's Wedding, Karan Johar Was Filled With "A Multitude Of Emotions"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/at-varun-dhawan-and-natasha-dalals-wedding-karan-johar-was-filled-with-a-multitude-of-emotions-2357581|access-date=26 December 2021|website=[[NDTV]]|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052048/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/at-varun-dhawan-and-natasha-dalals-wedding-karan-johar-was-filled-with-a-multitude-of-emotions-2357581|url-status=live}}</ref> The couple had their first child, a daughter, on 3 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varun Dhawan And Natasha Dalal Welcome A Baby Girl: "Baby Dhawan Is Here" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-and-natasha-dalal-welcome-a-baby-girl-baby-dhawan-is-here-5811547 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604124539/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-and-natasha-dalal-welcome-a-baby-girl-baby-dhawan-is-here-5811547 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-03 |title=Varun Dhawan and Natasha Dalal welcome baby girl, Arjun Kapoor says, 'Baby John had a baby' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-natasha-dalal-welcome-baby-girl-9369396/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052220/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-natasha-dalal-welcome-baby-girl-9369396/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Varun Dhawan announces arrival of his baby girl with a cute VIDEO, Priyanka Chopra, Samantha Ruth Prabhu and others react - WATCH |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/varun-dhawan-announces-arrival-of-baby-girl-with-a-cute-video-priyanka-chopra-samantha-ruth-prabhu-and-others-react-watch/articleshow/110689348.cms |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604124541/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/varun-dhawan-announces-arrival-of-baby-girl-with-a-cute-video-priyanka-chopra-samantha-ruth-prabhu-and-others-react-watch/articleshow/110689348.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Alongside his acting career, Dhawan performs on stage and has co-hosted two award ceremonies. In 2013, he performed at the Filmfare, [[Screen Awards|Screen]], and [[Stardust Awards|Stardust]] award ceremonies, and at an event in [[Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Parikh |first=Urvi |url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/glamsham/article.aspx?cp-documentid=253726833 |title=Karan Johar's 'students' Sidharth Malhotra, Alia Bhatt and Varun Dhawan perform at Hong Kong |publisher=Entertainment.in.msn.com |date=24 September 2013 |access-date=28 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701175446/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/glamsham/article.aspx?cp-documentid=253726833 |archive-date=1 July 2014 }}</ref> He hosted the 2013 Stardust Awards ceremony with Sidharth Malhotra and [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], and a segment of the [[59th Filmfare Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3_nn2FkL_A |title=Stardust Awards 2013 Announcement | Alia, Sidharth, Esha, Varun |publisher=YouTube |date=22 January 2013 |access-date=28 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504043410/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3_nn2FkL_A |archive-date=4 May 2015 }}</ref> He was also part of the [[20th Screen Awards]], co-hosting the show alongside [[Shahrukh Khan]] and [[Richa Chadda]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Demello|first=Melanie|title=20th Annual Screen Awards – A Night To Remember|url=http://businessofcinema.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-night-remember/129254|work=Business of Cinema|date=15 January 2014 |access-date=4 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072307/http://businessofcinema.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-night-remember/129254|archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> In 2013, he performed at a special event alongside Malhotra, Bhatt, Kapur, Kapoor, and ''Badlapur'' co-star [[Huma Qureshi]] to raise funds for the flood-affected victims of Uttarakhand.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-varun-dhawan-alia-bhatt-and-siddharth-malhotra-unite-for-a-cause-1872462|title=Varun Dhawan, Alia Bhatt and Siddharth Malhotra unite for a cause|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=10 April 2014|date=10 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132045/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-varun-dhawan-alia-bhatt-and-siddharth-malhotra-unite-for-a-cause-1872462|archive-date=13 April 2014}}</ref>

In September 2014, Dhawan became the brand ambassador of newly formed [[Indian Super League]] club [[FC Goa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/sports/virat-kohli-is-the-new-co-owner-of-fc-goa-140923|title=FC Goa announces Virat Kohli as its new co-owner cum ambassador|date=23 September 2014|website=indiantelevision.com|access-date=16 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107134025/http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/sports/virat-kohli-is-the-new-co-owner-of-fc-goa-140923|archive-date=7 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/FC-Goa-first-to-launch-TV-channel/articleshow/40944246.cms|title=FC Goa first to launch TV channel|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 August 2014 |access-date=16 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230195044/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/FC-Goa-first-to-launch-TV-channel/articleshow/40944246.cms|archive-date=30 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He also donated ₹30 Lakhs in PM-CARES Fund of Government of India during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/Varun_dvn/status/1243900345194971136|title=I pledge to contribute 30 lakhs to the PM CARE fund. We will over come this. Desh hai toh hum hain.|website=Twitter.com|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328231444/https://mobile.twitter.com/Varun_dvn/status/1243900345194971136|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Media image ==
[[File:Varun Dhawan at IIFA 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Dhawan in 2017]]

Rahul Gangwani of ''[[Filmfare]]'' termed Dhawan a "complete package" and added, "Good looks, a flair for dance, acting chops...and above all a sense of adventure to tread the untried."<ref>{{cite news|title=Varun Dhawan on his 100 per cent track record|url=https://m.filmfare.com/interviews/cover-story-varun-dhawan-on-his-100-per-cent-track-record-marriage-more-30104.amp|work=Filmfare|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219151447/https://m.filmfare.com/interviews/cover-story-varun-dhawan-on-his-100-per-cent-track-record-marriage-more-30104.amp|url-status=live}}</ref> Zinia Bandyopadhyay of ''[[India Today]]'' noted, "Dhawan had often been touted as the hit machine of Bollywood. The actor has proved that he is not just a star but also an actor with his versatility and choice of films."<ref>{{cite news|title=Badlapur to October, times Varun Dhawan proved his versatility|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/badlapur-to-october-times-varun-dhawan-proved-his-versatility-on-monday-masala-2364090-2023-04-24|work=India Today|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219151447/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/badlapur-to-october-times-varun-dhawan-proved-his-versatility-on-monday-masala-2364090-2023-04-24 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Rediff.com]]'' has placed Dhawan in its "Top Actors" list of 2015, 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Salman, Akshay, Varun: Top Earners of 2015|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/salman-akshay-ranveer-top-earners-of-2015/20151230.htm|access-date=11 October 2019|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219151447/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/salman-akshay-ranveer-top-earners-of-2015/20151230.htm|work=Rediff.com |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Top Actors of 2017|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/top-actors-2017/20180101.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=20 December 2020|archive-date=11 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111153511/http://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/special/top-actors-2017/20180101.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=And 2018's Best Bollywood Actors are...|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/and-2018s-best-bollywood-actors-are/20190103.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=22 February 2020|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219151447/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/special/and-2018s-best-bollywood-actors-are/20190103.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

Dhawan has appeared in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list since 2014, peaking at the 15th position in 2018,<ref>{{cite news|title=Varun Dhawan|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/varun-dhawan/1587/99|work=Forbes|access-date=19 February 2018|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219151447/http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/varun-dhawan/1587/99|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=2017 Celebrity 100|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2017-celebrity-100/1665/all|work=Forbes|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=11 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711185628/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2017-celebrity-100/1665/all|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2018-celebrity-100/1735/all |title=2018 Celebrity 100 |work=Forbes India |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-date=13 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213130303/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2018-celebrity-100/1735/all |url-status=dead }}</ref> when the magazine estimated his annual income to be {{INRConvert|495.8|m}} and listed him as one of the highest-paid celebrities in the country.<ref>{{cite news|title=2018 Forbes India Celebrity 100: Meet the 25 highest-earning icons this year|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/aperture/2018-celebrity-100/2018-forbes-india-celebrity-100-meet-the-25-highestearning-icons-this-year/51959/15#photo|date=5 December 2018|access-date=5 December 2018|work=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=5 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205193437/http://www.forbesindia.com/aperture/2018-celebrity-100/2018-forbes-india-celebrity-100-meet-the-25-highestearning-icons-this-year/51959/15#photo|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, the Indian edition of ''[[GQ]]'' featured him among the nation's 50 most influential young people and labelled him as the "most bankable star of his generation".<ref>{{cite news|title=GQ's 50 Most Influential Young Indians of 2018|url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/gq-most-influential-young-indians-2018/|work=GQ|date=5 December 2018|access-date=5 December 2018|archive-date=5 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205104722/https://www.gqindia.com/content/gq-most-influential-young-indians-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhawan is a celebrity endorser for several brands and products such as [[Fossil Group|Fossil Watches]], [[Emami|Navratna Cool]], [[Philips]], [[Frooti]], [[Panasonic]] and [[Maruti Suzuki]] (particularly, Arena) among others.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bollywood boys - It is Balle Balle time for endorsements|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/blog/bollywood-boys-it-is-balle-balle-time-for-endorsements/90898985|work=Economic Times|access-date=29 September 2022|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219151447/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/amp/blog/bollywood-boys-it-is-balle-balle-time-for-endorsements/90898985|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Emami ropes in Varun Dhawan as Navratna Cool brand ambassador|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fmcg/emami-ropes-in-varun-dhawan-as-navratna-cool-brand-ambassador/articleshow/68792002.cms|work=Economic Times|access-date=25 November 2022|archive-date=24 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424091242/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fmcg/emami-ropes-in-varun-dhawan-as-navratna-cool-brand-ambassador/articleshow/68792002.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref
|-
| 2010
! scope="row" |''[[My Name Is Khan]]''
| {{mdash}}
| Assistant director
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-shares-photo-from-sets-of-my-name-is-khan-film-practically-changed-my-life-6069061.html/amp|title=Varun Dhawan shares photo from sets of My Name is Khan: 'Film practically changed my life'|website=firstpost|date=12 February 2019|access-date=February 12, 2019|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023202/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-shares-photo-from-sets-of-my-name-is-khan-film-practically-changed-my-life-6069061.html/amp|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
! scope="row" |''[[Student of the Year]]''
| Rohan Nanda
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/7-years-student-year-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-reminisce-debut-film/|title=7 Years Of Student Of The Year: Alia Bhatt and Varun Dhawan reminisce about their debut film|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=19 October 2019|access-date=October 19, 2019|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023204/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/features/7-years-student-year-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-reminisce-debut-film/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
! scope="row" |''[[Main Tera Hero]]''
| Sreenath "Seenu" Prasad
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-celebrates-7-years-of-main-tera-hero-7258349/lite/|title=Varun Dhawan celebrates 7 years of Main Tera Hero: 'Audience ka pyaar was the biggest boost for a newcomer like me'|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=4 April 2021|access-date=April 4, 2021|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001024706/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-celebrates-7-years-of-main-tera-hero-7258349/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]''
| Rakesh "Humpty" Sharma
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-humpty-sharma-ki-dulhania-changed-my-life-780452|title=Varun Dhawan: Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania changed my life|website=NDTV India|access-date=July 11, 2015|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052201/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-humpty-sharma-ki-dulhania-changed-my-life-780452/amp/1|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015
! scope="row" |''[[Badlapur (film)|Badlapur]]''
| Raghav Purohit
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/it-s-varun-dhawan-versus-nawazuddin-siddiqui-in-badlapur-teaser/story-WIE2m2e1oj3RIvOpIy2UvI_amp.html|title=It's Varun Dhawan versus Nawazuddin Siddiqui in Badlapur teaser|website=hindustantimes|date=2 December 2014|access-date=December 2, 2014|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023206/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/it-s-varun-dhawan-versus-nawazuddin-siddiqui-in-badlapur-teaser/story-WIE2m2e1oj3RIvOpIy2UvI_amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[ABCD 2]]''
| Suresh "Suru" Mukund
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/two-years-of-abcd-2-varun-dhawan-and-remo-dsouza-remember-fond-memories-shraddha-kapoor-see-photos-4711625/|title=Two years of ABCD 2: Varun Dhawan and Remo D'Souza remember fond memories of the dance film, see photos|work=The Indian Express|date=19 June 2017|access-date=27 December 2023|archive-date=27 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227073027/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/two-years-of-abcd-2-varun-dhawan-and-remo-dsouza-remember-fond-memories-shraddha-kapoor-see-photos-4711625/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]''
| Veer Bakshi
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kriti-sanon-varun-dhawan-shoot-for-first-dilwale-song-in-bulgaria/lite/|title=Kriti Sanon, Varun Dhawan shoot for first 'Dilwale' song in Bulgaria|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=26 June 2015|access-date=June 26, 2015|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023211/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kriti-sanon-varun-dhawan-shoot-for-first-dilwale-song-in-bulgaria/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
! scope="row" | ''[[Dishoom]]''
| Junaid Ansari
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-shoots-for-dhishoom-in-morocco-gets-into-action-on-day-1/lite/|title=Varun Dhawan shoots for 'Dhishoom' in Morocco, gets into action on Day 1|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=20 July 2015|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023209/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-shoots-for-dhishoom-in-morocco-gets-into-action-on-day-1/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
! scope="row" |''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]''
| Badrinath "Badri" Bansal
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/varun-dhawan-shooting-in-jaipur-kota-has-made-us-emotionally-connected-with-rajasthan/articleshow/57333275.cms|title=Varun Dhawan: Shooting in Jaipur & Kota for 'Badrinath Ki Dulhania' has made us emotionally connected with Rajasthan|website=[[Times of India]]|date=25 February 2017 |access-date=February 25, 2017|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902052118/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/varun-dhawan-shooting-in-jaipur-kota-has-made-us-emotionally-connected-with-rajasthan/articleshow/57333275.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Judwaa 2]]''
| Raja Malhotra / Prem Malhotra{{efn|Dhawan played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/varun-dhawan-taapsee-pannu-wrap-up-london-schedule-of-judwaa-2/story-xyYXEb0JehvmcXic6qeqUK_amp.html|title=Varun Dhawan, Taapsee Pannu wrap up London schedule of Judwaa 2|website=hindustantimes|date=23 May 2017|access-date=May 23, 2017|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023203/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/varun-dhawan-taapsee-pannu-wrap-up-london-schedule-of-judwaa-2/story-xyYXEb0JehvmcXic6qeqUK_amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|2018
! scope="row" |''[[October (2018 film)|October]]''
| Danish Walia
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-october-shoojit-sircar-4960761/lite/|title=Varun Dhawan starrer October wraps up in just 38 days. See photo|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=29 November 2017 |access-date= November 30, 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sui Dhaaga]]''
| Mauji Sharma
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anushka-sharma-varun-dhawan-wrap-up-shooting-for-sui-dhaaga-see-pic/story-dkjAlhltpqxb9cjNWRLjSI_amp.html|title=Anushka Sharma, Varun Dhawan wrap up shooting for Sui Dhaaga. See pic|website=hindustantimes|date=3 July 2018|access-date=July 3, 2018|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001023204/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anushka-sharma-varun-dhawan-wrap-up-shooting-for-sui-dhaaga-see-pic/story-dkjAlhltpqxb9cjNWRLjSI_amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nawabzaade]]''
| Himself
| Special appearance in song "High Rated Gabru"
| <ref>{{cite web|last=Shiksha|first=Shruti|date=29 December 2017|title=Varun Dhawan And Shraddha Kapoor Team Up For A 'High Rated' Performance. Details Here|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-and-shraddha-kapoor-team-up-for-a-high-rated-performance-details-here-1793507|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230154804/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawan-and-shraddha-kapoor-team-up-for-a-high-rated-performance-details-here-1793507|archive-date=30 December 2017|access-date=29 December 2017|publisher=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Kalank]]''
| Zafar Chaudhary
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/varun-dhawan-wraps-up-shooting-for-kalank-alia-bhatt-posts-a-sweet-message-for-him/articleshow/67583719.cms|title=Varun Dhawan wraps up shooting for 'Kalank'; Alia Bhatt posts a sweet message for him|website=timesofindia|date=18 January 2019 |access-date= January 18, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
! scope="row" |''[[Street Dancer 3D]]''
| Sahej Singh Narula
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/street-dancer-3d-shraddha-kapoor-and-varun-dhawans-films-dubai-schedule-to-wrap-up-2047979|title=Street Dancer 3D: Shraddha Kapoor And Varun Dhawan Wrap Up Dubai Schedule|website=NDTV|date=4 June 2019 |access-date= June 4, 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Coolie No. 1 (2020 film)|Coolie No. 1]]''
| Raju Coolie / Kunwar Raj Pratap Singh{{efn|name=dual}}
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/coolie-no-1-trailer-varun-dhawan-sara-ali-khan-watch-video-remake-7066516/|title=Coolie No 1 trailer: Varun Dhawan, Sara Ali Khan try to recreate Govinda-Karisma magic|work=The Indian Express|first=Arushi|last=Jain|date=29 November 2020|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" | ''[[Antim: The Final Truth]]''
| Unnamed
| Special appearance in song "Vighnaharta"
| <ref>{{cite web|date=9 September 2021|title=Antim song Vighnaharta: Salman Khan and Aayush Sharma face off, but not before removing their shirts|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/antim-song-vighnaharta-salman-khan-and-aayush-sharma-face-off-but-not-before-removing-their-shirts-101631170524368.html|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 September 2021|archive-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909073224/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/antim-song-vighnaharta-salman-khan-and-aayush-sharma-face-off-but-not-before-removing-their-shirts-101631170524368.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022
! scope="row" | ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
| Kuldeep "Kuku" Saini
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-resumes-filming-jug-jugg-jeeyo-7447061/lite/|title=Varun Dhawan 'steps into the world of Jug Jugg Jeeyo again', resumes shoot|website=theindianexpress|date=10 August 2021 |access-date= August 10, 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bhediya]]''
| Bhaskar aka Bhediya
|
| <ref>{{Cite news|date=10 July 2021|title=Kriti Sanon, Varun Dhawan announce Bhediya shoot wrap with new motion poster|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-announces-bhediya-shoot-wrap-calls-varun-dhawan-a-crazy-entertainer-1826383-2021-07-10|access-date=10 July 2021|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710083524/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-announces-bhediya-shoot-wrap-calls-varun-dhawan-a-crazy-entertainer-1826383-2021-07-10|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2023
! scope="row" | ''[[Bawaal]]''
|Ajay Dixit
|
|<ref name="bawaal"/>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''
| Unnamed
| Cameo appearance in song "Heart Throb"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varun Dhawan joins Ananya Panday, Janhvi Kapoor, and Sara Ali Khan in the Ranveer Singh – Alia Bhatt starrer Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-varun-dhawan-joins-ananya-panday-janhvi-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-starrer-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=8 July 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708035226/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-varun-dhawan-joins-ananya-panday-janhvi-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-starrer-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 |2024
! scope="row" |''[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]]''
| rowspan=2| Bhaskar / Bhediya
| rowspan=2 | Cameo appearance
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2024|title=Varun Dhawan aka Bhediya has a cameo in Munjya|website=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-varun-dhawan-aka-bhediya-cameo-munjya/|access-date=10 June 2024|archive-date=10 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610063335/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-varun-dhawan-aka-bhediya-cameo-munjya/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Stree 2]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=10 February 2024 |title=Varun Dhawan shoots for his cameo as Bhediya in Stree 2 with Shraddha Kapoor : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/varun-dhawan-shoots-cameo-bhediya-stree-2-shraddha-kapoor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212035159/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/varun-dhawan-shoots-cameo-bhediya-stree-2-shraddha-kapoor/ |archive-date=12 February 2024 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Baby John (film)|Baby John]]''
| [[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|DCP]] Satya Verma aka Baby John
|
|<ref name="john"/>
|-
|rowspan=2| 2025
! scope="row" | ''[[Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari]]''
| Sunny Sanskari
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Varun Dhawan and Janhvi Kapoor kick off the shoot for Shashank Khaitan's Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-kick-off-shoot-shashank-khaitans-sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-see-photo/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=4 May 2024|access-date=4 May 2024|archive-date=4 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504093549/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-kick-off-shoot-shashank-khaitans-sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-see-photo/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Thamma]]''
|Bhaskar / Bhediya
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=REVEALED: Varun Dhawan shoots for six days for Ayushmann Khurrana-Rashmika Mandanna starrer Thama; Vampire vs Bhediya battle expected to be a VISUAL spectacle|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-varun-dhawan-shoots-six-days-ayushmann-khurrana-rashmika-mandanna-starrer-thama-vampire-vs-bhediya-battle-expected-visual-spectacle/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=26 July 2025|access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2026
! scope="row" |''[[Border 2]]''
| [[Indian Army ranks and insignia#Commissioned Officers|Major]] [[Hoshiar Singh Dahiya]], [[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Border 2: Sunny Deol, Varun Dhawan, Diljit Dosanjh begin shooting, see pic|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/border-2-sunny-deol-varun-dhawan-diljit-dosanjh-ahan-shetty-film-shooting-begins-2654550-2024-12-24|work=India Today|date=24 December 2024|access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{pending film|Hai Jawani Toh Ishq Hona Hai}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Filming
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/varun-dhawan-starrer-romantic-comedy-hai-jawani-toh-ishq-hona-hai-set-release-april-10-2026/|title=Varun Dhawan starrer romantic comedy Hai Jawani Toh Ishq Hona Hai set to release on April 10, 2026|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date= 23 May 2025}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Title
! scope="col"|Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2023
! scope="row" | ''[[Citadel (TV series)|Citadel]]''
| rowspan="2" | Rahi "Bunny" Gambir
| Voiceover
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Varun Dhawan makes a cameo appearance in Priyanka Chopra's 'Citadel'|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/english/varun-dhawan-makes-a-cameo-appearance-in-priyanka-chopras-citadel/articleshow/100395139.cms|date=21 May 2023|access-date=22 May 2023|archive-date=22 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522072251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/english/varun-dhawan-makes-a-cameo-appearance-in-priyanka-chopras-citadel/articleshow/100395139.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2024
! scope="row" |''[[Citadel: Honey Bunny]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 March 2023|title=Samantha Ruth Prabhu drops pictures with Varun Dhawan, Raj and DK as they finish a schedule of 'Citadel'|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/samantha-ruth-prabhu-drops-pictures-with-varun-dhawan-raj-and-dk-as-they-finish-a-schedule-of-citadel/articleshow/98512218.cms|access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref>
|}

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" border="1"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Album
! scope="col" | Composer
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2014
! scope="row" | "Lucky Tu Lucky Me"
| ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]''
| rowspan="2"|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/660747 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810052405/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/660747 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 August 2013 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
! scope="row" | "Happy Birthday"
| ''[[ABCD 2]]''
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/abcd-2-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/997330772 |title=ABCD 2 Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - by Sachin-Jigar |work=[[iTunes]] |access-date=26 December 2018 |archive-date=29 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629023910/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/abcd-2-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/997330772 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{{see also|List of awards and nominations received by Varun Dhawan}}

Dhawan has received five [[Filmfare Awards]] nominations - [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]] for ''Student of the Year'' (2012), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] for ''Badlapur'' (2015), and ''Badrinath Ki Dulhania'' (2017) and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor - Critics]] for his performance in ''October'' (2018) and ''Bhediya'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web|title=Varun Dhawan— Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/85671|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116050748/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/85671|archive-date=16 January 2014}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|3315894}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|varun-dhawan}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Varun Dhawan
|list=
{{Screen Award Best Comedian}}
{{StardustAwardBestActor}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestActorMale}}
}}
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Varun Dhawan
|d = yes
|d-search = Q7916220
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
|portal3 = Film
|portal4 = India
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhawan, Varun}}
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Alumni of Nottingham Trent University]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian voice actors]]
[[Category:Indian web series actors]]
[[Category:Actors from Punjab, India]]

Hemanth Jois

2026-03-10T12:36:24Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Hemanth Jois
| image = Hemanth Jois.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|12|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| origin = Koppa, Karnataka, India
| occupation = Music Director
| genre = {{hlist|[[Rock music|Rock]]|[[Filmi]]}}
}}

'''Hemanth Jois''' is an Indian composer, known for his independent singles and work in the Kannada film industry.

== Early life and career ==
Originally from [[Koppa, India]], Hemanth cites [[Raghu Dixit]] and [[Linkin Park]] as one of his inspirations and he learned guitar by himself.<ref name="D">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/201216/kannadas-metal-jois-stick.html|title=Kannada's metal Jois stick | Kannada's metal Jois stick|first=Ikyatha|last=Yerasala|date=December 20, 2016|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref><ref name="H"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/my-mother-is-my-inspiration-says-kannada-music-composer-hemanth-jois-8841990.html | title=My Mother is My Inspiration, Says Kannada Music Composer Hemanth Jois|work=News18 }}</ref><ref name="H2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/composer-hemanth-jois-talks-of-his-independent-releases/article33370449.ece|title=Composer Hemanth Jois talks of his independent releases|first=Shilpa|last=Anandraj|date=December 19, 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He completed his MBA at [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Manipal]] and was as a member of the indie band ''Last Semester'' during his final year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/rock-song-on-plight-of-transgenders/article7804223.ece|title=Rock song on plight of transgenders|date=October 25, 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="D2"/> He worked for two years in marketing and sales before taking up a career in music.<ref name="D"/> He did a metal cover of the song "Keli Premigale" from ''[[Yuga Purusha]]'' (1989) and a cover of the songs "Santhoshakke" and "Kelade Nimageega" from ''[[Geetha (1981 film)|Geetha]]'' (1981).<ref name="H"/> He collaborated with singer [[Chethan Naik]] for the Jois Project and released their first single "Tunturu", which was shot in [[Malenadu|Malnad]].<ref name="H"/><ref name="D"/> Their second single was the [[Heavy metal music|metal]] song "Last Semester", which was set in a college.<ref name="D2"/>

==Discography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
! Notes
|-
|rowspan="2"|2018 || ''Aranyakanda'' ||
|-
|''Statement''
|
|-
|2019
|''Nammuru Kunigal''
|
|-
|2020
|''Aadhyam''
| Unreleased film<ref name="D"/>
|-
|2021
|''Soham''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
|''Entha Kathe Maaraya''
|
|-
|''[[Chow Chow Bath]]''
|
|-
|''[[Timmana Mottegalu]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Venkya]]'' ||
|-
|2025
|''[[Yuddhakaanda Chapter 2]]''
| Score and 1 song <ref name="H"/>
|}

=== Other work ===
==== Video games ====
*''[[Battlegrounds Mobile India|PUBG Mobile India]]'' (2021) {{endash}} Theme Track <ref name="H"/>

==== [[Extended play|EP]]s ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Songs
! Language

! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2024 || ''Sleeping With Snakes'' || "Paralysed" || English || <ref name="H">{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/independent-singer-composer-hemanth-jois-talks-about-his-viral-rock-ep-sleeping-with-the-snakes-and-more/article68354342.ece | title=Singing his way to fame: Hemanth Jois on his latest EP and more | work=The Hindu | date=4 December 2024 | last1=Anandraj | first1=Shilpa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204065518/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/independent-singer-composer-hemanth-jois-talks-about-his-viral-rock-ep-sleeping-with-the-snakes-and-more/article68354342.ece|archive-date=4 December 2024|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|}

====Music videos====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Singer
!Lyricist
! Starring
! Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2016 || ''Tunturu'' || rowspan="5"|[[Chethan Naik]]
| rowspan="3" |Pratap C R|| Chethan Naik || Won–KIMA (Kannada International Music Awards) for Best Indie Artist - 2017-18 Won–KIMA (Kannada International Music Awards) for Shankar Nag Youth Award - 2017-18 || <ref name="H"/>
|-
| 2017 || ''Last Semester'' || Rakesh Maiya, Shivaraj, Ankitha Patla || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/150217/naik-is-a-jois-to-listen-to.html|title=Naik is a Jois' to listen to! | Naik is a Jois' to listen to!|first=Ikyatha|last=Yerasala|date=15 February 2017|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || ''Payana'' || [[Suman Nagarkar]], Rakesh Maiya, Vinutha P G || || <ref name="D2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/transformation-rock-star-1922621|title=The transformation of a rock star|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || ''Friendzone'' || Ashwin R Kodange || Chethan Ram, [[Archana Kottige]] and 15 others || || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/song-to-comfort-boys-who-are-friendzoned-755223.html|title=Song to comfort boys who are ‘friendzoned’|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2020 || ''Aagalla Maadesha'' || Himself || Sunetra Pandit, Lakshmi, Arundathi Jois, Keshav, Vinay Kanive, Shankar Murty, Prajna Bhat, Sujith Agam Shetty, Gurudutt Badiger and 17 others || || <ref name="RSI">{{Cite web|url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/kannada-indie-all-ok-siri-hemanth-jois-yaaru-savvio/|title=Five New Kannada Releases We’re Tuning In To Right Now|first=Anurag|last=Tagat|date=November 10, 2020|work=Rolling Stone India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ram Darbar'' || Chethan Naik, Anjana Padmanabhan || Pramod Maravante || {{n/a}} || || <ref name="H2"/>
|-
| 2021 || ''Khushi'' || rowspan="2"|Chethan Naik
|Ashwin Kodange (Kannada), Chinmaya (English)|| Lalitamma Ruchith Ullal, Vinay Kanive || || <ref name="RSI"/>
|-
| 2022 || ''Khushi 2''
|Pramod Maravanthe (Kannada), Chinmaya (English)|| Sundarshree, Himself, Vinay Kanive || || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/a-kannada-edm-song-celebrating-grandmothers/article38375950.ece|title=A Kannada EDM song celebrating grandmothers|first=Shilpa|last=Anandraj|date=February 4, 2022|via=www.thehindu.com|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204093828/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/a-kannada-edm-song-celebrating-grandmothers/article38375950.ece|archive-date=4 February 2022}}</ref>
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|11380066}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:Kannada film score composers]]
[[Category:1991 births]]

Cinespace Film Studios

2026-03-08T02:38:50Z

AnnettLevi9: adjusted references also and added references after review

{{Short description|Canadian company founded 1988}}
'''Cinespace Film Studios''' is a group of film studio facilities in the [[United States|US]] and [[Canada]]. It was founded in 1988 by Greek-Canadian Nick Mirkopoulos.<ref name=Cnbc2018-01-03/> The studio started with a facility in [[Vaughan]], a suburb of [[Toronto]], which had been in operation since the 1960s. Current studios include facilities in [[Toronto]], a branch in [[Chicago]] (Cinespace Chicago Film Studios) founded in 2007 with Mirkopoulos's nephew, Alex Pissios, and facilities in [[Atlanta]] and [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington, NC]] acquired in 2023 from [[EUE/Screen Gems]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/cinespace-studios-eue-screen-gems-atlanta-wilmington-north-carolina-1235557761/|title=Cinespace Buys EUE/Screen Gems' Atlanta and North Carolina Campuses|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> In 2022, [[TPG Inc.|TPG]] Real Estate Partners acquired the Studio Babelsberg facilities in Potsdam-Babelsberg and merged them into Cinespace.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.studiobabelsberg.com/en/corporate/press-news/details/news/tpg-real-estate-erwerb-der-studio-babelsberg-ag0/|title=TPG Real Estate completes acquisition of Studio Babelsberg AG|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref>

==Studios==

===Kipling Avenue Studios===

The company acquired a {{convert|30|acre|sqkm}} campus at 777 Kipling Avenue in Toronto's [[Etobicoke]] area in 2009.<ref name=Market2009-12-15/><ref name=InsideToronto2010-01-15/><ref name=Cbc2017-09-07/><ref name=TorStar2013-03-22/><ref name=Globe2009-12-18/><ref name=TorStar2017-09-07/>

At the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]], [[Mayor of Toronto]] [[John Tory]] joined with Cinespace officials to announce plans to build two very large new studios on the site, with a combined footprint of {{convert|50000|sqft|m2}}.<ref name=Cbc2017-09-07/><ref name=Globe2009-12-18/><ref name=TorStar2017-09-07/> One of the large studios will be permanently devoted to underwater filming.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Selected Feature Films
|-
! Film Links || Year
|-
| ''[[Resident Evil: Retribution]]'' || 2012
|-
| ''[[The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones]]'' || 2013
|-
| ''[[Pacific Rim (film)|Pacific Rim]]'' || 2013
|-
| ''[[Pompeii (film)|Pompeii]]'' || 2014
|-
| ''[[xXx: Return of Xander Cage]]'' || 2017
|-
| ''[[Flatliners (2017 film)|Flatliners]]'' || 2017
|}

'''Television Series'''
* ''[[Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)|Beauty & the Beast]]'' (2012–2016)
* ''[[Black Mirror]]''
* ''[[Condor (TV series)|Condor]]''
* ''[[Conviction (2016 TV series)|Conviction]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Falling Water (TV series)|Falling Water]]''
* ''[[Good Witch (TV series)|Good Witch]]''
* ''[[Reign (TV series)|Reign]]'' (2013–2017)
* ''[[Taken (2017 TV series)|Taken]]''
* ''[[The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)|The Handmaid's Tale]]''
* ''[[The Umbrella Academy (TV series)|The Umbrella Academy]]''
* ''[[Titans (2018 TV series)|Titans]]''
* ''[[Locke & Key (TV series)|Locke & Key]]''

===Kleinburg===
'''Toronto International Studios''' is a [[film studio]] that was established in [[Kleinburg, Ontario]] in the 1950s. Its geo-coordinates are {{coord|43.85243|N|79.64809|W|display=inline}}.

Cinespace moved out of the studios and upgraded to the Vaughan Sports Center in 2015, a [[baseball]] training complex.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vaughansc.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-11-15 |archive-date=2021-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228201945/http://vaughansc.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Selected Films
|-
! Film links || Year
|-
| ''[[The Hired Gun (1957 film)|The Hired Gun]]'' || 1957
|-
| ''[[The Fox (1967 film)|The Fox]]'' || 1967
|-
| ''[[The First Time (1969 film)|The First Time]]'' || 1969
|-
| ''The Reincarnate'' || 1971
|-
| ''Mahoney's Estate'' || 1972
|-
| ''Recommendation for Mercy'' || 1975
|-
| ''[[Death Weekend]]'' || 1976
|-
| ''[[Silver Streak (film)|Silver Streak]]'' || 1976
|-
| ''[[Equus (film)|Equus]]'' || 1977
|-
| ''[[Rituals (film)|Rituals]]'' || 1977
|-
| ''[[Welcome to Blood City]]'' || 1977
|-
| ''[[Riel (film)|Riel]]'' || 1979
|-
| ''[[H. G. Wells' The Shape of Things to Come]]'' || 1979
|-
| ''[[Fish Hawk (film)|Fish Hawk]]'' || 1980
|-
| ''[[Virus (1980 film)|Virus]]'' || 1980
|-
| ''[[The Amateur (1981 film)|The Amateur]]'' || 1981
|-
| ''[[Class of 1984]]'' || 1982
|-
| ''[[The Wars (film)|The Wars]]'' || 1983
|-
| ''[[Strange Brew]]'' || 1983
|-
| ''[[Sesame Street Presents Follow That Bird]]'' || 1985
|-
| ''[[The Fly (1986 film)|The Fly]]'' || 1986
|-
| ''[[Love at Stake]]'' || 1987
|-
| ''Divided Loyalties'' || 1990
|-
| ''[[The Good Son (film)|The Good Son]]'' || 1993
|-
| ''[[To Die For]]'' || 1995
|-
| ''[[Murder at 1600]]'' || 1997
|-
| ''[[Dick (film)|Dick]]'' || 1999
|-
| ''[[Thomas and the Magic Railroad]]'' || 2000
|-
| ''[[The Sentinel (2006 film)|The Sentinel]]'' || 2006
|-
| ''[[Casino Jack]]'' || 2010
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Selected television films
|-
! TV movie links || Year
|-
| ''[[The Day Reagan Was Shot]]'' || 2001
|-
| ''[[The Brady Bunch in the White House]]'' || 2002
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Selected television shows
|-
! TV links || Year
|-
| ''[[Hudson's Bay (TV series)|Hudson's Bay]]'' || 1959
|-
| ''[[The Forest Rangers (TV series)|The Forest Rangers]]'' || 1963–1966
|-
| ''[[Hatch's Mill]]'' || 1967
|-
| ''[[The Adventures of Timothy Pilgrim]]'' || 1975
|-
| ''[[The Littlest Hobo]]'' || 1979-1985
|-
| ''[[You Can't Do That on Television]]'' || 1979-1990
|-
| ''[[Matt and Jenny]]'' || 1979-1980
|-
| ''[[Fraggle Rock]]'' || 1983-1987
|-
| ''[[Shining Time Station]]'' || 1991-1996
|-
| ''[[The Doodlebops]]'' || 2005-2007
|-
| ''[[The Big Comfy Couch]]'' || 2006
|}

===Chicago===

Cinespace Chicago Film Studios opened for business in 2011<ref name=Cnbc2018-01-03/> and Alex Pissios, the president and CEO of the company, worked with his uncle, Nick Mirkopoulos, to establish the Studios in Chicago. Mirkopoulos and Pissios purchased 60 acres of the former Ryerson Steel complex in the Windy City's North Lawndale neighborhood. The Studios are the largest independent movie studios outside of Los Angeles.

The studios have continued to expand and now have 36 sound stages. Pissios and Cinespace Chicago Film Studios were featured in the December 2019 Chicago Magazine and highlighted the success and influence the studio has had on the film industry in Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/December-2019/Alex-Pissios-Cinespace/|title=The Accidental Movie Mogul - The Cinespace Saga|last=Jones|first=J.R.|date=December 2019|website=Chicago magazine|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210195937/http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/December-2019/Alex-Pissios-Cinespace/ |archive-date=2019-12-10 |access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref> Cinespace Chicago Film Studios, is the “Hollywood of the Midwest,” bringing more than 15,000 jobs in digital media and education opportunities to the community and region by revitalizing a depressed neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petrella|first=Dan|title=State extends film tax credits to keep 'Chicago Fire' and other productions in Illinois; Gov. J.B. Pritzker says it could also give a boost to South Works movie studio plan|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-jb-pritzker-illinois-film-industry-20190801-x3h6c6uygbg2zbksawptynv52u-story.html|access-date=2020-07-17|website=chicagotribune.com}}</ref> Cinespace Chicago has been instrumental in infusing billions of dollars of revenue into the city and the state of Illinois.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swartz |first=Tracy |title=Chicago's film industry saw some growth last year, thanks to indie movies |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-ent-chicago-film-production-2018-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108013516/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-ent-chicago-film-production-2018-story.html |archive-date=2020-11-08 |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=chicagotribune.com}}</ref>

Its {{convert|70|acres|sqkm}} campus has been the nexus for over 40 major productions used to film multiple television series and feature films, including:
* ''[[Chicago Med]]''
* [[Chicago Fire (TV series)|''Chicago Fire'']]
* [[Chicago P.D. (TV series)|''Chicago PD'']]
* ''[[Chicago Justice]]''
* [[Empire (2015 TV series)|''Empire'']]
* [[Shameless (U.S. TV series)|''Shameless'']]
* [[Utopia (2020 TV series)|''Utopia'']]
* [[Next (2020 TV series)|''Next'']]
* [[Soundtrack (TV series)|''Mixtape'']]
* ''[[Jack's Big Music Show]]''
* ''[[The Chi]]''
* [[Fargo (TV series)|''Fargo'']]
* [[The Exorcist (TV series)|''The Exorcist'']]
* [[Sense8 (season 1)|''Sense8'']]
* [[Patriot (TV series)|''Patriot'']]
* [[APB (TV series)|''APB'']]
* ''[[Proven Innocent]]''
* [[Night Sky (TV series)|''Night Sky'']]
* ''Zoobiquity''
{| class="wikitable"
|+
'''Selected Feature Films'''
!Film Links
!Year
!Notes
|-
|''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]''
|2011
|
|-
|''[[Divergent (film)|Divergent]]''
|2014
|
|-
|''[[Captive State]]''
|2017
|
|-
|''[[Rampage (2018 film)|Rampage]]''
|2017
|
|-
|''[[Widows (2018 film)|Widows]]''
|2018
|
|-
|''[[Proud Mary (film)|Proud Mary]]''
|2018
|
|}

The studio is planned to have 36 sound stages on its 2 million square foot main campus in Chicago's [[North Lawndale, Chicago|North Lawndale]] neighborhoods. Additional studios have been under construction at 31st and Kedzie. In addition to studio space, Cinespace Chicago Film Studios houses numerous production offices and support spaces as well as production tenants.

Cinespace partnered with DePaul University's film school in 2013 to house student classrooms, two interactive stages, faculty offices, lounges, and equipment vaults. Ranked in the top 25 film schools nationwide, [[DePaul University|DePaul]] University's School of Cinematic Arts program teaches aspiring producers and creatives about all aspects of television and film production.

Since its inception, Cinespace has brought in more than $3 billion in [[Chicago film industry|film-related spending to Chicago]].

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Market2009-12-15>
{{cite news
| url = http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/torontos-cinespace-film-studios-announces-new-film-studio-development-1091417.htm
| title = Toronto's Cinespace Film Studios Announces New Film Studio Development
| work = [[Cinespace Studios]]
| date = 2009-12-15
| location = [[Toronto, Ontario]]
| accessdate = 2018-01-03
| quote = Cinespace Film Studios ("Cinespace"), Toronto's 21-year film studio veteran, has announced the acquisition of a 30-plus acre property for the development of their next and most ambitious film studio complex.
}}
</ref>

<ref name=InsideToronto2010-01-15>
{{cite news
| url = https://www.insidetoronto.com/news-story/47709-fire-ignites-at-new-cinespace-location/
| title = Fire ignites at new Cinespace location
| work = [[Etobicoke Guardian]]
| author = Cynthia Reason
| date = 2010-01-15
| accessdate = 2018-01-03
| quote = There were no injuries reported at the three-alarm fire, and although there are no damage estimates in yet, Mirkopoulos said only a small area of the roof was primarily affected.
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Cbc2017-09-07>
{{cite news
| url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/cinespace-new-studios-1.4278823
| title = 2 new film studios to be built in Etobicoke as TIFF kicks off, mayor announces
| work = [[CBC News]]
| author = Taylor Simmons, Ramna Shahzad
| date = 2017-09-07
| accessdate = 2018-01-03
| quote = Cineplace Film Studios used be a glass factory until the Mirkopoulos family bought the building in 2009, hoping to start a new film node in the city.
}}
</ref>

<ref name=TorStar2013-03-22>
{{cite news
| url = https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/movies/2013/03/22/torontos_film_and_television_industry_soars_to_new_heights.html
| title = Toronto's film and television industry soars to new heights
| work = [[Toronto Star]]
| author = Bruce Demara
| date = 2013-03-22
| accessdate = 2018-01-03
| quote = Pinewood and Cinespace are two big reasons why Toronto's and Ontario's film and television production industry is on a roll, with two successive years of record spending, $1.28 billion in 2012, preceded by $1.26 billion in 2011 — helped by massive Hollywood productions Pacific Rim and Total Recall, respectively. It's the second year that the city and province have reclaimed the title of Hollywood North from Vancouver and B.C., which led the industry in Canada for more than a decade.
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Cnbc2018-01-03>
{{cite news
| url = https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/03/cinespace-film-studios-is-revitalizing-downtown-chicago.html
| title = How a Greek immigrant family built a booming Hollywood film studio in downtown Chicago
| work = [[CNBC]]
| author = Susan Caminiti
| date = 2018-01-03
| accessdate = 2018-01-03
| quote = Nearly 20 years earlier, Mirkopoulos had started Cinespace Film Studios in Toronto, now a major studio with four locations in the city.
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Globe2009-12-18>
{{cite news
| url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/etobicoke-plant-to-become-film-studio/article4311355/
| title = Etobicoke plant to become film studio
| work = [[The Globe and Mail]]
| author = Guy Dixon
| date = 2009-12-18
| accessdate = 2018-01-03
| url-status = live
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201228043131/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/etobicoke-plant-to-become-film-studio/article4311355/
| archivedate = 2020-12-28
| quote = Cinespace Film Studios, which provides studio and office space for films shooting in Toronto, has bought the old Consumers Glass factory in the west end. The plant was more recently owned by glass bottle and container maker Owens-Illinois and closed last year, eliminating 400 jobs.
}}
</ref>

<ref name=TorStar2017-09-07>
{{cite news
| url = https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2017/09/07/cinespace-to-build-2-new-film-studios-in-etobicoke.html
| title = Cinespace to build 2 new film studios in Etobicoke
| work = [[Toronto Star]]
| author = David Rider
| date = 2017-09-07
| accessdate = 2018-01-03
| quote = Cinespace, home to the Hulu hit "The Handmaid's Tale", recently wrapped period drama "Reign" and many other productions, says the addition will allow concurrent filming at its Kipling Studio Campus of seven big productions, up from six. The expansion will also include a large, permanent underwater filming tank.
}}
</ref>
}}

{{coord|43.63095|N|79.52856|W|display=title}}

[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1988]]
[[Category:Canadian companies established in 1988]]
[[Category:Canadian film studios]]
[[Category:Cinema of Ontario]]
[[Category:American film studios]]

Lagnachi Wife Weddingchi Bayku

2026-03-05T07:47:02Z

AnnettLevi9: made a info added tags - done

{{Short description|2019 Indian Marathi language TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Lagnachi Wife Weddingchi Bayku.webp
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Comedy]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer =
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| director = Amit Sawardekar
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 143
| list_episodes =
| producer = Sanjay Zankar
| company = Zankar Films
| news_editor =
| location = [[Aurangabad]], [[Maharashtra]]
| cinematography =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2019|10|21}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2020|04|03}}
| related =
}}

'''''Lagnachi Wife Weddingchi Bayku''''' ({{translation|Wife of Marriage and Wife of Wedding}}) is an Indian [[Marathi-language]] television series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]]. It premiered from 21 October 2019 and ended on 3 April 2020 completing 143 episodes. It is produced by Sanjay Zankar under the banner of Zankar Films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=लग्नाची वाईफ वेडिंगची बायको मालिकेचे १०० भाग पूर्ण, कलाकारांनी केक कापून केलं सेलेब्रेशन!|url=https://atozmarathi.com/lagnachi-wife-weddingchi-baykoo-serial-100-episodes-celebration/|access-date=2023-08-01|website=A To Z Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Vijay Andalkar as Madan Nana Hingankar
* Leeana Anand as Mariya
* Rupali Zankar as Kajol Madan Hingankar

=== Recurring ===
* Shailesh Korade as Popat Nana Higankar
* Rekha Nirmal as Gaya Nana Hingankar
* Dnyaneshwari Deshpande as Rani Popat Hingankar
* Lalita Amrutkar as Mangal Nana Hingankar
* Sachin Rajpure as Rahul
* Bhanudas Patil as Rahul's father
* Sanket Jagdale as Gopu
* Rupesh Paratwagh as Mithun
* Nikita Kulkarni as Kajol's friend
* Nandkishor Chikhale as Banti

== Reception ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 44
|2019
|4.3
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ही नवी टीव्ही मालिका सुरु होताच होणार ‘हे’ मोठे बदल|url=https://www.timesnowmarathi.com/amp/entertainment/television-news/article/zee-marathi-shows-to-change-timing-after-new-show-lagnachi-wife-weddingchi-baiku-begins-abhijeet-khandkekar-hardeek-joshi-akshaya-deshar-anita-date/262925|access-date=2023-08-01|website=Times Now Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 48
|2019
|3.7
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='स्वराज्यरक्षक संभाजी'च्या फॅन्ससाठी खूशखबर, टीआरपी रेसमध्ये या क्रमांकावर आहे मालिका|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/zee-marathis-swarajya-rakshak-sambhaji-number-one-trp-barc-india/|website=[[Lokmat]]|access-date=2022-10-01|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 49
|2019
|4.0
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=नवी मालिका ‘लग्नाची वाईफ वेडिंगची बायकू’ मधील विदेशी डॉल आहे तरी कोण? घ्या जाणून|url=https://www.timesnowmarathi.com/entertainment/television-news/article/find-out-who-is-the-videshi-doll-from-new-marathi-serial-lagnachi-wife-weddingchi-baykoo-liyana-anand/265056|access-date=2023-08-01|website=Times Now Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 50
|2019
|3.9
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=#TRP मीटर: टॉप ५ मध्ये पुन्हा एकदा झी मराठी, पाहा कोणती मालिका आहे नंबर वन!|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/trp-mitter-marathi-serial-mazya-navryachi-bayko-is-number-one-update-mhmj-424765.html|access-date=2022-10-01|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411063709/https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/photogallery/entertainment/trp-mitter-marathi-serial-mazya-navryachi-bayko-is-number-one-update-mhmj-424765.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Week 52
|2019
|4.1
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=#TRP मीटर: वर्षाच्या शेवटी 'सासूबाई' पडली 'बायको'वर भारी!|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/trp-mitter-marathi-serial-mazya-navryachi-bayko-is-number-one-aggabai-sasubai-update-mhmj-427250.html|access-date=2022-10-01|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411063709/https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/photogallery/entertainment/trp-mitter-marathi-serial-mazya-navryachi-bayko-is-number-one-aggabai-sasubai-update-mhmj-427250.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Week 53
|2019
|3.8
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='तुझ्यात जीव रंगला'ला टीआरपी रेसमध्ये पहिल्या पाचमध्ये मिळवता आले नाही स्थान, ही मालिका ठरली सरस|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/tum-jivan-rangla-could-not-be-won-trp-race-first-five-places/|access-date=2022-10-01|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 1
|2020
|3.6
|4
|<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Marathi TV Serials TRP Ratings|url=https://www.1films.in/2020/02/marathi-tv-serials-trp-ratings-weekly-list-jan-feb-march-2020-updated.html?m=1}}</ref>
|-
|Week 2
|2020
|3.5
|3
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Week 3
|2020
|3.3
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRP मीटरमध्ये 'स्वराज्यरक्षक संभाजी' अव्वल, 'माझ्या नवऱ्याची बायको'ला दणका|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/trp-mitter-marathi-serial-swarajya-rakshak-sambhaji-is-number-one-update-mhmj-432201.html|access-date=2022-10-01|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411062205/https://lokmat.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/trp-mitter-marathi-serial-swarajya-rakshak-sambhaji-is-number-one-update-mhmj-432201.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Week 4
|2020
|3.0
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=#TRP मीटर: 'बायको' पडली 'सासूबाईं'वर भारी, पाहा तुमची मालिका कोणत्या स्थानावर|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/trp-mitter-marathi-serial-latest-update-mazhya-navryachi-bayko-swarajya-rakshak-sambhaji-update-mhmj-433623.html|access-date=2022-10-01|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr|archive-date=2021-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903051525/https://lokmat.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/trp-mitter-marathi-serial-latest-update-mazhya-navryachi-bayko-swarajya-rakshak-sambhaji-update-mhmj-433623.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Week 5
|2020
|3.1
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘स्वराज्यरक्षक संभाजी’ मालिका शेवटाकडे, असा आहे या आठवड्याचा TRP मीटर|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/swarajya-rakshak-sambhaji-serial-going-to-off-air-soon-see-weekly-trp-miter-mhmj-435178.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|access-date=2022-10-01|language=mr|archive-date=2021-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822093139/https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/entertainment/swarajya-rakshak-sambhaji-serial-going-to-off-air-soon-see-weekly-trp-miter-mhmj-435178.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Week 6
|2020
|3.0
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=टीआरपीच्या स्पर्धेत 'माझ्या नवऱ्याची बायको'च अव्वल|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/marathi-serial-mazhya-navryachi-bayko-number-one-in-barc-report/articleshow/74195067.cms|access-date=2022-10-01|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|}

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:Purple; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:Purple; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:Purple; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:Purple; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:Purple; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:Purple; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''Lagnachi Wife Weddingchi Bayku'' लग्नाची वाईफ वेडिंगची बायकू
| 21 October 2019
| [[Zee Marathi]]
| 3 April 2020
| Original
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| ''[[Vilayati Bhabhi]]'' ਵਿਲਾਇਤੀ ਭਾਭੀ
| 13 January 2020
| [[Zee Punjabi]]
| 15 January 2021
| Remake
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/lagnachi-wife-weddingchi-bayko/0-6-2171 ''Lagnachi Wife Weddingchi Bayku''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|tt18273014}}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]

Palaivana Solai (1981 film)

2026-03-04T09:10:28Z

AnnettLevi9: Adding

{{short description|1981 film by Robert–Rajasekar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Palaivana Solai (1981).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Robert–Rajasekar]]
| screenplay = Robert–Rajasekar
| story = [[S. Rajasekar]]
| producer = R. Vadivel
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]]|[[Janagaraj]]|[[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]]|[[Kailas Nath]]|[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]]|[[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]}}
| cinematography = Robert–Rajasekar
| editing = D. Raj
| music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| studio = R. V. Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1981|5|1}}
| runtime = 131 minutes{{sfn |Rajadhyaksha |Willemen |1998 |p=450}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Palaivana Solai''''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɑː|l|aɪ|v|ə|n|ə|_|s|oʊ|l|aɪ}} {{Translation|[[Oasis]]}}) is a 1981 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[buddy film|buddy]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written, directed and photographed by the duo [[Robert–Rajasekar]] in their directorial debut. The film stars [[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]], [[Janagaraj]], [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]], [[Kailas Nath]], [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] and [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]. It revolves around five friends whose lives are transformed by a new girl arriving in their locality.

''Palaivana Solai'' was released on 1 May 1981. The film became a box-office success, running for over 200 days in theatres. In 1982, it was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Manchu Pallaki]]'' (with Suhasini reprising her role) and in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Ithu Njangalude Katha]]''. In 2009 it was again remade in Tamil [[Palaivana Solai (2009 film)|under the same title]].

== Plot ==
Bachelors Sekhar, Senthil, Kumar, Vasu and Siva are friends. Sekhar is a factory worker, Senthil and Kumar are unemployed (with Kumar dependent on his wealthy father), Vasu works at an office and Siva is an aspiring actor. They spend their time sitting on a wall and teasing people, particularly young girls, seeking neighbouring girls to befriend.

A girl named Geetha arrives in the locality and stays in a rented house. The friends initially tease her in their usual manner, but she sportingly retaliates and gradually becomes friendly with them. Her purpose of visiting the city is not known to them. Each of them tries to attract her and come closer to her. However, her focus is on helping others.

Geetha helps Vasu to find a groom for his sister; she changes Senthil's aggressive behaviour and helps him secure a job; she financially helps Siva to send money to his family; makes Kumar understand the importance of respecting his father; and gives emotional support to the rebellious Sekhar. She becomes the centre of all the friends' activities.

Sekhar develops a soft corner for Geetha. She too likes him, but understands her limitations and does not express it. Vasu learns through a pharmacist (Geetha's regular seller) that Geetha is terminally ill. When he asks her about this, she requests him not to reveal this fact to his friends.

When the marriage of Vasu's sister is fixed, one of his colleagues promises to provide money for the [[Dowry system in India|dowry]]. But on the day of the marriage, he is unable to keep his word and the marriage is cancelled due to this. Geetha requests Sekhar to marry Vasu's sister if he respects her and wishes to make her happy. She reveals her terminal illness and that her days are numbered; Sekhar assents to the marriage. Before the event ends, Geetha faints and is hospitalised.

The five friends go out of their way to organise funds for Geetha's treatment, forgetting their egos and past issues. Though the operation eventually takes place, Geetha dies after requesting the five friends to be happy and kind to everyone.

== Cast ==
*[[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]] as Sekhar<ref name="bfi" />
*[[Janagaraj]] as Senthil{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=60}}
*[[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]] as Kumar<ref name="bfi" />
*[[Kailas Nath]] as Vasu<ref name="bfi" />
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Siva<ref name="bfi" />
*[[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] as Geetha{{sfn |Rajadhyaksha |Willemen |1998 |p=451}}
*Kalaivani as Vasu's sister<ref name="bfi" />

== Production ==
''Palaivana Solai'' is the directorial debut of [[Robert–Rajasekar]] (Robert Asirvatham and [[S. Rajasekar]]). Both also handled cinematography and wrote the screenplay based on Rajasekar's story.<ref>{{Cite web |last=செல்லப்பா |date=13 September 2019 |title=அவர் ஒரு பொன்மாலைப் பொழுது |trans-title=He is a golden twilight time |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/515404-anjali-robert-rajasekaran.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204135542/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/515404-anjali-robert-rajasekaran.html |archive-date=4 December 2019 |access-date=28 December 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> This was the first film where the actor Rajasekar was credited as [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]], which became his permanent stage name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2014 |title=எதிர்நீச்சல் போட்டு நடிகரானார் ராஜீவ் |trans-title=Rajeev swam against the tide to become an actor |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/09/13221344/rajiv-reach-good-place-towards.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920232207/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/09/13221344/rajiv-reach-good-place-towards.html |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film was shot predominantly on the [[Nungambakkam]] Highway, Chennai.{{sfn |Indian Cinema |1981 |p=32}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by the duo [[Shankar–Ganesh]], with lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paalaivana Cholai (1981) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/album/T0001745.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227062432/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/album/T0001745.html |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=25 December 2013 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paalaivana Cholai Tamil FIlm EP VInyl Record by Shankar Ganesh |url=https://mossymart.com/product/paalaivana-cholai-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-shankar-ganesh-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228073126/https://mossymart.com/product/paalaivana-cholai-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-shankar-ganesh-2/ |archive-date=28 December 2021 |access-date=28 December 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> The song "Megame Megame" is set in the [[raga]] known as Karnaranjani,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=31 August 2012 |title=Two for joy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/two-for-joy/article3844029.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116192719/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/two-for-joy/article3844029.ece |archive-date=16 January 2021 |access-date=22 May 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and was based on "Tum Nahi Gham Nahi Sharab Nahi", a [[Ghazal]] by [[Jagjit Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=P V |date=15 May 2017 |title=FIlmy Ripples- Inspired plagiarism in early music |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2017/05/15/filmy-ripples-inspired-plagiarism-in-early-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003173832/https://tcrcindia.com/2017/05/15/filmy-ripples-inspired-plagiarism-in-early-music/ |archive-date=3 October 2017 |access-date=22 May 2019 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |title=Tamil [Other Composers] |url=https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190522113005/https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=22 May 2019 |website=[[ItwoFS]]}}</ref> The song "Engal Kathai" was banned by [[All India Radio]] as it was alleged to be promoting [[Communism in India|communism]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=14 June 1981 |title=பாடல்களுக்கு தடை ஏன்? |trans-title=Why is the song banned? |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-06-14/page/n63/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230412055840/https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-06-14/page/n63/mode/2up |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=63 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aalanaalum Aalu
| extra1 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
| length1 = 4:12
| title2 = Engal Kathai
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length2 = 4:14
| title3 = Megame Megame
| extra3 = [[Vani Jairam]]
| length3 = 4:29
| title4 = Pournami Neram
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 5:04
| total_length = 17:59 
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Palaivana Solai'' was released on 1 May 1981.{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=60}} ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' gave the film an A score, praising Suhasini's performance and the unconventional screenplay.{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=61}} Sindhu Jeeva of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' felt the makers who chose a different plot failed to realise that screenplay is the main focus and the film crawls without any focus while also panning the background score and cinematography but praised the acting of lead actors and concluded they expected a lot considering the title and directors.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சிந்து-ஜீவா |date=7 June 1981 |title=பாலைவனச்சோலை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-06-07/page/n53/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407140050/https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-06-07/page/n53/mode/2up |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=52 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Naagai Dharuman of ''Anna'' praised the acting, music, direction and praised director duo Robert-Rajasekhar for making a film which succeeds in making both laugh and cry.<ref>{{Cite news |last=தருமன் |first=நாகை |date=10 May 1981 |title=பாலைவனச்சோலை |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_5_74/3.jp2/full/1000,1399/90/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601142444/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_5_74/3.jp2/full/1000,1399/90/default.jpg |archive-date=1 June 2025 |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=Anna |pages=3 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref> The film became a box-office success, running for over 200 days in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |last=செல்வராஜ் |first=என். |date=20 March 2017 |title=வெள்ளி விழா கண்ட தமிழ் திரைப்படங்கள் |url=https://puthu.thinnai.com/%e0%ae%b5%e0%af%86%e0%ae%b3%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%b3%e0%ae%bf-%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b4%e0%ae%be-%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%a3%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%9f-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%ae%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b4%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716113008/https://puthu.thinnai.com/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=28 December 2021 |website=Thinnai |language=ta}}</ref>

== Remakes ==
''Palaivana Solai'' was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Manchu Pallaki]]'' (1982), with Suhasini reprising her role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri |date=10 September 2008 |title=Retrospect: Manchu Pallaki (1982) |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movieretrospect/retro_manchupallaki1982.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021084156/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movieretrospect/retro_manchupallaki1982.php |archive-date=21 October 2011 |access-date=29 May 2021 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref> It was also remade in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Ithu Njangalude Katha]]'' (1982),<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 July 2015 |title=தமிழ் டூ மலையாளம் உண்டல்லோ? |work=[[Puthiya Thalaimurai]] |pages=12 |language=ta}}</ref> and again in Tamil in 2009 [[Palaivana Solai (2009 film)|under the same title]]. This version featured remixed versions of "Aalanaalum Aalu" and "Megame Megame".<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2009 |title=Palaivana Cholai Audio and Trailer launched |url=http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php?newsid=1706 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227063726/http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php%3Fnewsid%3D1706 |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=25 December 2013 |website=[[Ayngaran International]]}}</ref> A [[Hindi]] remake was planned in the early 1980s and Suhasini was offered to reprise her role, but did not come to fruition.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shiva Kumar |first=S. |title=Look! Suhasini arrives |url=https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1188667952691703809 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829103358/https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1188667952691703809 |archive-date=29 August 2021 |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |via=[[Twitter]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Commentators regard ''Palaivana Solai'' as a landmark film in Tamil cinema for proving that males can be friends with females without falling in love.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=1 December 2018 |title=Cinematographer, director Robert dead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cinematographer-director-robert-dead/article25637871.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628213743/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cinematographer-director-robert-dead/article25637871.ece |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=கண்ணன் |first=சுரேஷ் |date=12 June 2020 |title=மரபைக் கலைத்து மறுமலர்ச்சி ஏற்படுத்திய மல்டிஸ்டாரர்... 'பாலைவனச் சோலை'யும் அதன் முன், பின் கதைகளும்! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/palaivana-solai-80s-and-90s-nostalgia-movie-series-for-2k-kids |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205105744/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/palaivana-solai-80s-and-90s-nostalgia-movie-series-for-2k-kids |archive-date=5 December 2021 |access-date=28 December 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Other Tamil films that followed the trope include ''[[Pudhu Vasantham]]'' (1990) and ''[[Punnagai Desam]]'' (2002).{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=61}}

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="bfi">{{Cite web |title=Palaivanacholai (1981) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7540ce66 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212638/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7540ce66 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=29 May 2021 |website=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref>

</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1977–2010 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NUd2AAAAIAAJ&q=Palaivana+ |title=Indian Cinema |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] |year=1981 |ref={{sfnref|Indian Cinema|1981}}}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1980s buddy drama films]]
[[Category:1981 Indian films]]
[[Category:1981 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1981 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Robert–Rajasekar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]
[[Category:Indian buddy drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Namo Bhootatma 2

2026-03-03T12:11:07Z

AnnettLevi9: put up new article from scratch

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Namo Bhootatma 2
| image = Namo Bhoothathma 2.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = V. Murali
| writer = Venkat
| screenplay = V. Murali
| story = V. Murali
| based_on = 
| producer = Santosh Shekar V. Murali
| starring = [[Komal (actor)|Komal Kumar]] Lekha Chandra Govinde Gowda
| narrator =
| cinematography = Halesh
| editing = Amith Jawalkar
| music = Arun Andrew
| studio = MS Golden Pictures
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|08|04}}
| runtime = 141 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Namo Bhootatma 2''''' is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language horror comedy film written and directed by Choreographer V. Murali and starring [[Komal (actor)|Komal Kumar]], Lekha Chandra and Govinde Gowda. The film is a sequel to ''[[Namo Bhootatma]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/namo-bhoothathma-2/movie-review/102428288.cms |title=Namo Bhoothathma 2 Movie Review: Hilarious tale of horror |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Komal (actor)|Komal Kumar]] as Arjun
*Lekha Chandra as Amrutha
*Govinde Gowda as Garuda
*Vaarrun Ravi as Shreyas
*Monica Gowda as Nandini
*Mahantesh Hiremath as Loose Manja
*Raaghu Ramanakoppa as Gopalakrishna
*Mimicry Gopi as swami

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Arun Andrew.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ayyo Ayyo
| lyrics1 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length1 = 4:56
| title2 = Namo Namo Re Boothathma
| lyrics2 = Mohan (Bajarangi)
| extra2 = Chethan Naik, Airaa Udupi
| length2 = 2:48
| total_length = 7:44
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "While the film may not achieve flawless victory, Komal Kumar’s presence makes it somewhat watchable. So prepare yourself for a visit to a spooky house, but only if you’re seeking laughter from cheesy jokes more than the real scares".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title='Namo Bhoothathma 2' movie review: Komal Kumar anchors this lacklustre horror comedy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/aug/05/namo-bhoothathma-2-movie-review-komal-kumaranchors-this-lacklustrehorror-comedy-2602083.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805110123/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/aug/05/namo-bhoothathma-2-movie-review-komal-kumaranchors-this-lacklustrehorror-comedy-2602083.html |archive-date=5 August 2023 |date=5 August 2023}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "If you are bored of content-oriented films and looking for something different, which can also induce a good amount of laughter and scare, ''Namo Bhootatma-2'' can be enjoyed in theatres".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/namo-bhoothathma-2/movie-review/102428288.cms |title=Namo Bhoothathma 2 Movie Review : Hilarious tale of horror |newspaper=The Times of India |first=Sridevi |last=S |date=4 August 2023}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "The slapstick comedy sometimes evokes laughter but poor taste brings it down. The film begins with a promising premise but fails for want of a gripping narrative".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dh-talkies/a-promising-thriller-gone-wrong-1243891.html |title=A promising thriller gone wrong |date=4 August 2023 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> A critic from ''The South First'' wrote that "Kannada actor Komal Kumar is the only saving grace in this sequel to his previous hit horror-comedy — ''Namo Bhoothathma''".<ref>{{cite web |last1=S. M. |first1=Shashiprasad |title=Namo Bhoothathma 2 review: A ghastly affair of 11 ghosts that intolerably haunt for over two hours |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/namo-bhoothathma-2-movie-review |website=The South First |access-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805105615/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/namo-bhoothathma-2-movie-review/ |archive-date=5 August 2023 |date=4 August 2023}}</ref>

A Sharadhaa, writing for New Indian Express, gave a rating of 2 out of 5 stars in her review of 'Namo Bhoothathma 2.' The film, directed by Murali, attempts to blend horror and comedy within the setting of an eerie haunted house. While the movie fulfills the requirement of an unsettling backdrop, it falls short in execution, relying on recycled and distasteful humor that may leave viewers wanting more innovative jokes. Komal Kumar's comedic timing shines, adding some charm to an otherwise lackluster film. Despite its shortcomings, the movie combines humor and supernatural intrigue, with Kumar's presence making it somewhat watchable for those seeking laughter from cheesy jokes more than genuine scares.
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/aug/05/namo-bhoothathma-2-movie-review-komal-kumaranchors-this-lacklustrehorror-comedy-2602083.html |title='Namo Bhoothathma 2' movie review: Komal Kumar anchors this lacklustre horror comedy |website=The New Indian Express |date=5 August 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|28265729}}
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2023 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian haunted house films]]
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]

Ippadiku Kadhal

2026-03-03T02:26:53Z

AnnettLevi9: made a info w/ infobox - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ippadiku Kadhal
| image = Ippadiku Kadhal.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Bharath Mohan
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Sabareesh Kumar
| starring = {{plainlist|[[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]]
*[[Janani (actress)|Janani]]
*Sonakshi Singh Rawat
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Ballu
| editing = [[Prasanna GK]]
| music = [[Arrol Corelli]]
| studio = Meraki Entertainment
| distributor = [[Aha (streaming service)|aha]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|2|9}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ippadiku Kadhal''''' ({{Translation|Yours Truly, Love}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Bharath Mohan of ''[[Igloo (2019 film)|Igloo]]'' fame and produced by Sabareesh Kumar. The film stars [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Janani (actress)|Janani]], and Sonakshi Singh Rawat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M. |first=Narayani |date=7 February 2024 |title=Bharath-Janani team up for 'Ippadiku Kadhal' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Feb/07/bharath-janani-team-up-for-ippadiku-kadhal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208040606/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Feb/07/bharath-janani-team-up-for-ippadiku-kadhal |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=14 February 2014 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Arrol Corelli]] with cinematography by Ballu and editing by [[Prasanna GK]]. The film was released directly on [[Aha (streaming service)|aha]] on 9 February 2024 to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2024 |title=Bharath’s ‘Ippadikku Kadhal’ Set For Direct OTT Release on …? |url=https://www.binged.com/news/bharaths-ippadikku-kadhal-set-for-direct-ott-release-on/ |access-date=14 February 2014 |website=Binged}}</ref>

== Plot ==
After a 10-year relationship, Shiva's wife Ramya passes away in a car accident, and Shiva goes into a coma. He starts a new relationship with Anjana. After Anjana finds out about Shiva's past relationship with Ramya, conflict ensues.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2024 |title=Ippadiku Kadhal trailer - Bharath torn between two love interests in this romance drama {{!}} Watch here |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ippadiku-kadhal-trailer-bharath-torn-between-two-love-interests-in-this-romance-drama-watch-here/2a4edee410417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213065056/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ippadiku-kadhal-trailer-bharath-torn-between-two-love-interests-in-this-romance-drama-watch-here/2a4edee410417 |archive-date=13 February 2024 |access-date=14 February 2014 |website=[[HT Media|OTTplay]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]] as Shiva
*[[Janani (actress)|Janani]] as Ramya
*Sonakshi Singh Rawat as Anjana
*[[Bagavathi Perumal]] as Vasu
*[[Pandiarajan]] as Harish Nair
*[[G. Gnanasambandam]]
*Niranjani Ashok
*[[Pratap Pothen]]

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Arrol Corelli]], collaborating with Bharath Mohan for the second time after ''Igloo''.
{{Infobox album
| name = Ippadiku Kadhal
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Arrol Corelli]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2024
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 9:48
| language = Tamil
| label = Tips Tamil
| producer =
| chronology =
| prev_title = [[Kalaga Thalaivan]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Ranam Aram Thavarel]]
| next_year = 2024
| misc =
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = Soundararajan.
| total_length = 9:48
| title1 = Madhuramakuthe
| extra1 = [[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]]
| length1 = 3:47
| title2 = Kannodu Neengamal
| extra2 = Akshay Shridhar
| length2 = 2:56
| title3 = Theerattha Kathai Sollava
| extra3 = Madhu Iyer
| length3 = 3:05
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote that "It is only towards the end of the story that the story gains momentum and the characters communicate their woes. It is only then we get clarity about what is truly bugging them. How I wish that the makers had this clarity throughout the runtime".<ref>{{Cite web |last=M. |first=Narayani |date=10 February 2024 |title=Ippadiku Kadhal Movie Review: A lackadaisical story on finding love after grief |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/review/2024/feb/10/ippadiku-kadhal-movie-review-a-lackadaisical-story-on-finding-love-after-grief-51934.html |access-date=14 February 2014 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' wrote that "the lackluster screenplay, the modest making and artificial acting combine to make this romance impossible to fall in love with".<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=இப்படிக்கு காதல் விமர்சனம்: காதலை இழந்தவர்கள் மீண்டும் காதலைக் கண்டடையும் கதை; காதலிக்க வைக்கிறதா? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/streaming/bharath-and-janani-starrer-ippadiku-kadhal-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213073901/https://cinema.vikatan.com/streaming/bharath-and-janani-starrer-ippadiku-kadhal-movie-review |archive-date=13 February 2024 |access-date=14 February 2024 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|31181968}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Aha (streaming service) original films]]
[[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]

Perapogu Joseph

2026-03-02T08:27:13Z

AnnettLevi9: Done

{{Short description|Indian Christian clergy (1932–1994)}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Primary sources|date=April 2023}}{{Infobox clergy
| child =
| honorific_prefix = Pastor
| name = Perupogu Joseph
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = [[Telugu language]]
| honorific_suffix = ''Ayyagaru''
| image =
| image_size =
| alt = 
| caption =
| citizenship =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|07|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = Mukthinuthalapadu in erstwhile [[Madras Presidency]]
| burial_place = Protestant Cemetery, [[Narayanaguda]], Hyderabad district (Telangana)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1994|06|24|1932|07|25|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Secunderabad]] (Telangana)
| other_names =
| years_active = 1958–1994
| occupation = Pastor, [[Christian counseling|Counsellor]]
| education =
*[[Licentiate in Theology|G. Th.]] (RBTC) {{small|(1958)}},
*[[Bachelor of Divinity|B. D.]] ([[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]]),
*[[Master of Arts|M. A.]] ([[Osmania University|Osmania]]),
*[[Master of Theology|Th. M.]] ([[Brite Divinity School|Brite]]) {{small|(1975)}},<ref name="Brite">[[Texas Christian University]] Digital Repository.[https://repository.tcu.edu/handle/116099117/35012]</ref>
*Research exposure ([[Southern Baptist Theological Seminary|SBTS]])
| alma_mater =
*STBC-Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological College, [[Ramayapatnam]] {{small|(1954–1958)}},
*[[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]],
*[[Brite Divinity School]], [[Fort Worth, Texas]] {{small|(1974–1975)}}<ref name="Brite"/>
*[[Southern Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Louisville, Kentucky]] {{small|(1983–1986)}}
| known_for = Counselling
| parents = [[Smt.]] Santoshamma (Mother); Sri Aseervadam (Father)
| website = 
| footnotes =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| nocat_wdimage =
| religion = Christianity
| church = [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] Society
| ordained = STBC-Centenary Baptist Zion Church, [[Bapatla]] {{small|(1958–1959)}}
| laicised =
| writings =
*{{cite thesis |last=Joseph|first=Perapogu|date=1975|title=A Comparative study of Pastoral care in the work of a parish pastor and Hospital chaplain|degree=Th.M|publisher=Brite Divinity School}}<ref name="Brite"/>
*{{cite book |last=Joseph|first=Perapogu|date=1990|editor-last=Joseph|editor-first=Suppogu|title=Reflections on Theology Today: Papers presented by the ACTC faculty during the academic year 1988–89 on theology and ministry of the Church|publisher=ACTC, Secunderabad|pages=99–103|chapter=Chapter 9: Relevance of shepherding image in pastoral care in India today|isbn=}}<ref>''Reflections on Theology Today: Papers presented by the ACTC faculty during the academic year 1988-89 on theology and ministry of the Church'', ACTC, Hyderabad, 1990, pp.99-103.[https://books.google.com/books?id=c-lCcgAACAAJ]</ref>
| congregations =
*STBC-Centenary Baptist Zion Church, [[Bapatla]] {{small|(1958–1959)}},
*[[Indian Army Corps of EME]]<ref name="EME">''[[The Gazette of India]]'', Part I, Section 4, 9 April 1960, p.82.[https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1960/O-1952-1960-0015-87969.pdf]</ref> {{small|(1960–1969)}}
| offices_held = Principal (in-charge) of [[Andhra Christian Theological College]] {{small|(1993–1994)}}
| title = The Reverend
| module =
}}
'''Perupogu Joseph''' (25 July 1932 – 24 June 1994) was a [[military chaplain]] in the [[Indian Army Corps of EME]]<ref name="EME"/> and a [[Christian counseling|counselor]] who taught students in [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]]<ref name="Serampore">{{cite book|author=Serampore College|title=The story of Serampore and its college|publisher=Council of Serampore College|orig-year=1961|edition=4th|year=2005|pages=90–93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_QEAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> and [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Secunderabad]].<ref>''Reflections on Theology Today: Papers presented by Faculty of Andhra Christian Theological College, Secunderabad, India during the academic year 1988–89 on Theology and the Mission of the Church'', ACTC, Secunderabad, 1990. [https://books.google.com/books?id=c-lCcgAACAAJ&q=andhra+christian+theological+college]</ref>

==Studies==
===Propaedeutic===
During 1954–1958, Joseph studied Theology in STBC-Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary in [[Ramayapatnam]] during the time of Maurice Blanchard.<ref>Bula Dell-Blanchard, ''Remembering: 25 Years of God's Faithfulness in India'', Lulu, 2014.[https://books.google.com/books?id=qAtuBgAAQBAJ&dq=maurice+blanchard+ramapatnam&pg=PA93]</ref> He later upgraded his studies to [[Bachelor of Divinity|B. D.]] through the same Seminary. As a matter of pact between [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] and other Universities both within the country and overseas, those who have completed a B. D. could take up a postgraduate degree in Philosophy or such other inter-disciplinary streams of study. Joseph used the opportunity to enroll for a [[Master of Arts|M. A.]] programme in state-run [[Osmania University]] in [[Hyderabad]] during his stint as [[Military chaplain|Padre]] in sixties, which he completed in due course of time.
===Specialized studies===
Joseph moved to United States in 1974, where he undertook a one-year Master's degree programme in [[Brite Divinity School]], [[Fort Worth, Texas]].<ref name="Brite"/> His researched in [[Counselling]] and wrote a thesis, titled, ''A [[Comparative study]] of [[Pastoral care]] in the work of a parish pastor and [[Hospital chaplain]]''.<ref name="Brite"/> During 1983–1984, he began [[Doctoral studies]], again in United States, returning to India in 1986.

==Career==
===Military Chaplain===
It was on 4 November 1959<ref name="EME"/> that Joseph was appointed as [[military chaplain|padre]] in the [[Indian Army Corps of EME]],<ref name="EME"/> where he served in a [[Multilingualism|multilingual]] and multicultural setting for nearly a decade. He relinquished his [[Military duty]] voluntarily to begin teaching.

From 1973 to 1974, Joseph was Chaplain at Baptist Christian Hospital, [[Nellore]].<ref name="President"/>
===Spiritual Formator===
Joseph taught Inter-disciplinary courses as prescribed in [[Syllabi]] of [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], which included [[Practical theology]], [[Pastoral counselling]] and allied subjects.
====Andhra Pradesh====
From the academic year 1968–1969, Joseph proceeded to his ''Alma mater'', which had moved to [[Rajahmundry]] to take up teaching on invitation from [[Louis F. Knoll]]. Earlier, [[Ecumenism]] among some [[Protestant]] groups resulted in formation of [[Andhra Christian Theological College]] in 1964<ref name="Foundations">''Foundations: A Baptist Journal of History and Theology'', Volumes 11–12, 1968, pp.320–321.[https://books.google.com/books?id=YV0mAQAAIAAJ&q=b.r.moses]</ref> in [[Rajahmundry]]. [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] Society moved its [[Bachelor of Divinity|B. D.]] section in academic year 1967–1968 under guidance of [[Louis F. Knoll]], which was stationed in the campus of [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], then in river town of [[Rajahmundry]].<ref name="President">B. R. Moses, ''Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary Centenary Report 1874-1974'', in K. J. W. Jayakumar (Compiled), ''The Lights That Never Quench – Baptist Missionaries'', Self published by the author, [[Nellore]], 2008, pp.107–114.</ref> Joseph, by virtue of this shift, moved to Rajahmundry in 1968, where he continued to be on rolls of Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological College and taught students of dual entities. Some of his students comprised [[G. Samuel]], STBC, [[Nalla Thomas|N. Thomas]], STBC, [[S. E. Krupa Rao]], [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars|CBCNC]], among others. In 1972,<ref name="Foundations"/> when Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological College was fully-integrated into Andhra Christian Theological College and re-located to Secunderabad, P. Joseph moved to [[Nellore]] as Hospital Chaplain.<ref name="President"/>
====West Bengal====
In 1976,<ref name="Serampore"/> Joseph joined [[Serampore College]], where he was faculty member in [[Practical theology]], in place of J. J. P. Tiga and taught for two successive academic years until 1978 when he was succeeded by J. K. Skirrow.<ref name="Serampore"/> With expansion plans<ref name="Serampore"/> in [[Practical theology]] master's courses, in Serampore College, Joseph's inclusion in faculty provided the thrust for the subject. When Joseph moved to Serampore, it was Saral Kumar Chatterjee, who was at the helm of administration, followed by R. L. Rodrigues. By the time Joseph left Serampore, it was S. Mukhopadhyay, who was Principal.<ref name="Serampore"/> During Joseph's tenure in [[Serampore]], M. Devadas,<ref>F. Hrangkhuma, ''The Church in India: Its Mission Tomorrow'', ISPCK/UBS, New Delhi/Pune, 1996, p.67, ff.[https://books.google.com/books?id=n8vYAAAAMAAJ&q=mission+to+slums+m.+devadas]</ref> [[CBCNC]],<ref name="Serampore"/> who had come to upgrade his studies was identified by [[Senate of Serampore College]]<ref name="Serampore"/> to pursue further studies leading to post-graduation in Practical Theology through [[United Theological College, Bangalore]]<ref name="Serampore"/> with a view to return to the College to take up teaching.<ref>S. Mukhopadhyay, ''A Report of Council of Serampore College – October 1977 – December 1979'', 1979, p.7.</ref> Inadvertently, Devadas<ref>Mark T. B. Laing, ''The Indian Church in Context: Her Emergence, Growth, and Mission'', Union Biblical Seminary, Pune, 2002, pp.262, ff.[https://books.google.com/books?id=x87YAAAAMAAJ&q=M.+Devadas+union+biblical+seminary]</ref> became Joseph's successor in Serampore, where he would carry on the legacy of the discipline.
====Telangana====
In 1978,<ref name="Souvenir">''Souvenir of the Silver Jubilee Celebrations of the [[Andhra Christian Theological College]]'', Secunderabad, 1990</ref> Joseph transferred himself to [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Secunderabad]] under Principalship of [[Cantabrigian]], [[Victor Premasagar]], [[Church of South India|CSI]]. Initially, there was G. Sampurna Rao, AELC, who used to teach [[Practical theology]]. Joseph also taught [[Pastoral counseling]], which was strengthened with the return of [[M. Victor Paul]], AELC from overseas research exposure in 1979. In 1983 under Principalship of [[Komaravalli David]], CBCNC, Joseph proceeded on research exposure, his position was filled with inclusion of Manoranjan Luke, [[Methodist Church in India|MCI]].<ref>Dinesh Agarwal, ''Great Struggle: Bishop's Story'', Patridge publishing, 2016.[https://books.google.com/books?id=I2TjCwAAQBAJ&dq=manoranjan%20luke%20methodist&pg=PT16]</ref> On his return in 1986, [[Suppogu Joseph]], STBC was Principal. Joseph continued his teaching to Telugu-speaking students hailing from [[Andhra Pradesh]], Maharashtra, [[Karnataka]], Tamil Nadu and [[Odisha]]. In 1993 and 1994, Joseph was given additional responsibilities as in-charge Principal by his colleagues, [[M. Victor Paul]], AELC and G. Sampurna Rao, AELC solely on his merits as an able administrator.

The period between 1978 through 1994 that Joseph was Spiritual Formator in Secunderabad, there were many students, some of whom held leadership positions in their respective Church Societies, comprising [[Ch. Victor Moses]], AELC, [[V. E. Christopher]], AELC, [[B. Suneel Bhanu]], AELC, [[K. Frederick Paradesi Babu]], AELC, [[Samuel Kanaka Prasad]], CSI, [[B. D. Prasada Rao]], CSI, [[V. Prasada Rao]], CSI, [[Eggoni Pushpa Lalitha]], CSI, [[George Cornelious|T. George Cornelious]], CSI, [[P. Issac Vara Prasad]], CSI, among others.
==Death and reminisce==
In mid-1994, Joseph underwent a [[bypass surgery]]. Somehow, the operation failed and he died in the early hours of 24 June 1994. His sudden death shook the theological community in Secunderabad and Hyderabad. Andhra Christian Theological College, where Joseph taught observed a day of mourning. Joseph was accorded ecclesiastical honours befitting a [[cleric]]. A [[Christian burial|burial service]] was conducted at then Protestant Cemetery in [[Narayanaguda]] led by his former students [[G. Samuel]], [[Nalla Thomas]], and [[Regunta Yesurathnam]], then principal of [[Andhra Christian Theological College]] in the presence of other members of faculty and students.

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Jayakumar (compiler) |first=K. J. W. |author-link= |date=2008 |title=The Lights That Never Quench – Baptist Missionaries |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}}
*{{cite book |last=Joseph |first=Ravela |author-link= |date=2003 |title=A History of the Telugu Baptist Churches ([[American Baptist Mission]]) |url= |location= |publisher=Self-published |page= |isbn=}}
*{{cite book |last=Downie |first=David |author-link= |date=1924 |title=The Lone Star: A History of the Telugu Mission of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{succession box | before=''Position created''<ref name="President">B. R. Moses, ''Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary Centenary Report 1874-1974'', in K. J. W. Jayakumar (Compiled), ''The Lights That Never Quench - Baptist Missionaries'', Self published by the author, [[Nellore]], 2008, pp.107–114.</ref>| title=Teacher – in – [[Practical theology]], Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological College, [[Rajahmundry]]||after=''Position dissolved''<ref name="President"/>|years=1969–1972<ref name="President"/>}}
|-
{{succession box | before=J. J. P. Tiga, [[Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam|GELC]]<ref name="Serampore"/>| title=Teacher – in – [[Practical theology]], [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]]||after=J. K. Skirrow,<ref name="Serampore">{{cite book|author=Serampore College|title=The story of Serampore and its college|publisher=Council of Serampore College|orig-year=1961|edition=4th|year=2005|pages=90–93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_QEAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> [[Baptist Missionary Society|BMS]], M. Devadas, [[CBCNC]]<ref name="Serampore"/>|years=1976–1978<ref name="Serampore"/>}}
|-
{{succession box | before=[[M. Victor Paul]], [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]]| title=Teacher – in – [[Practical theology]], [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Secunderabad]]||after=Manoranjan Luke, [[Methodist Church in India|MCI]]<ref>Dinesh Agarwal, ''Great Struggle: Bishop's Story'', Patridge publishing, 2016.[https://books.google.com/books?id=I2TjCwAAQBAJ&dq=manoranjan%20luke%20methodist&pg=PT16]</ref>, G. Sampurna Rao, AELC|years=1978–1994}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joseph, Perapogu}}
[[Category:Indian Baptist ministers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Christian clergy]]
[[Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Senate of Serampore College (University)]]
[[Category:Military chaplains]]
<references />
[[Category:Indian Christians]]

Thomas Walker Arnold

2026-02-26T12:38:59Z

AnnettLevi9: quick update

{{Short description|British orientalist and historian (1864–1930)}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image = Thomasarnoldorientalist.jpg
| caption = Sir Thomas Arnold
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| name = Thomas Walker Arnold
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1864|4|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Devonport, Devon]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|1930|6|9|1864|4|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], England
}}

'''Sir Thomas Walker Arnold''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|CIE|FBA}} (19 April 1864 – 9 June 1930) was a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[Oriental studies|orientalist]] and historian of [[Islamic art]]. He taught at [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] (MAO College),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/plymouth/thomasarnold.htm|title=Empire in Your Backyard: Imperial Plymouth|website=britishempire.co.uk|access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref> later [[Aligarh Muslim University]], and [[Government College University, Lahore]].<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web|last=Robinson|first=B.W.|title=ARNOLD, THOMAS WALKER – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arnold-sir-thomas-walker-british-orientalist-1864-1930|access-date=2016-08-08|website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref>

Arnold was a friend of [[Sir Syed Ahmed Khan]], who influenced him to write the famous book ''[[The Preaching of Islam]]'',<ref name=Iranica/> and of [[Shibli Nomani]], with whom he taught at Aligarh. He taught [[Syed Sulaiman Nadvi]] and the poet-philosopher [[Muhammad Iqbal]].<ref name=aligarhmovement>{{Cite web|url=http://aligarhmovement.com/karwaan_e_aligarh/sir_thomas_walker_arnold|title=Sir Thomas Walker Arnold {{!}} Aligarh Movement|website=aligarhmovement.com|access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> He was the first English editor for the first edition of ''[[The Encyclopaedia of Islam]]''.<ref name=Iranica/>

==Life==
Thomas Walker Arnold was born in [[Devonport, Plymouth]] on 19 April 1864,<ref name=MakingBritain/> and educated at the [[City of London School]] and [[Magdalene College, Cambridge]].<ref name=WW/> From 1888, he worked as a teacher at the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College|MAO College]], [[Aligarh]].<ref name=Iranica/><ref name=MakingBritain/>

In 1898, he accepted a post as Professor of Philosophy at the [[Government College, Lahore]] and later became Dean of the Oriental Faculty at [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]].<ref name=Iranica/>

From 1904 to 1909, he was on the staff of the India Office as Assistant Librarian. In 1909, he was appointed Educational Adviser to Indian students in Britain.<ref name=MakingBritain>{{Cite web|url=http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/thomas-w-arnold|title=Thomas W. Arnold {{!}} Making Britain|website=open.ac.uk|access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> From 1917 to 1920, he acted as Adviser to the [[Secretary of State for India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/949681.Thomas_Walker_Arnold|title=Thomas Walker Arnold|website=Goodreads|access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> He was Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the [[School of Oriental and African Studies|School of Oriental Studies]], [[University of London]], from 1921 to 1930.<ref name=Iranica/>

Arnold died on 9 June 1930<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/preachingofislam00arno|title=The preaching of Islam : a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith|last=Arnold|first=Thomas Walker|date=1913-01-01|publisher=London : Constable}}</ref> at [[Municipal Borough of Edmonton|Edmonton]], [[Middlesex]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=jiFobZm8hyCth0ny6k0Olg&scan=1|title=Arnold Thomas W|accessdate=26 February 2026|work=[[FreeBMD]]|publisher=ONS}}</ref>
[[File:Brieven van Thomas Walker Arnold (1864-1930) aan Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857-1936) Or. 8952 A 80.pdf|thumb|page=3|Letter to Snouck Hurgronje (1902)]]

==Personal life==
In 1892, Arnold married Celia Mary, a daughter of G. Hickson, and they had one daughter.<ref name=WW/><ref name=Iranica/> His wife was a niece of [[Theodore Beck]].<ref name=MakingBritain/>
==Honours==
*Companion of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]], 1912<ref name=WW/><ref name="Iranica" />
*[[Knight bachelor]], 1921<ref name=WW/><ref name="Iranica" />
*[[Fellow of the British Academy]], 1926<ref name=WW/>
*Honorary Fellow, [[Magdalene College, Cambridge]]<ref name=WW/>
*Honorary degree of [[doctor of philosophy]], [[Charles University#Split into Czech and German universities|German University, Prague]]<ref name=WW>[https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U205378 "Arnold, Sir Thomas Walker (19 April 1864–9 June 1930)"], ''Who Was Who'',
online edition by Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007 {{subscription}}</ref>

==Works==
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/preachingislama00arnogoog|title=The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith|year=1896|publisher=[[Constable & Robinson|A. Constable and co.]]|location=Westminster|access-date=2011-05-29}}
* (trans. and ed.) ''[[Little Flowers of St. Francis|The little flowers of Saint Francis]]'' by [[Francis of Assisi]]. London: [[J.M. Dent]], 1898.
* ''The Court Painters of the Grand Moghuls''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 1921.
* ''The Caliphate''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924. Reissued with an additional chapter by Sylvia G. Haim: [[Routledge and Kegan Paul]], London 1965.
* ''Painting in Islam, A Study of the Place of Pictorial Art in Muslim Culture''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1928. Reprint ed. 1965.
* ''Bihzad and his Paintings in the Zafar-namah ms''. London: [[B. Quaritch]], 1930.
* (with Alfred Guillaume) ''The Legacy of Islam''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1931.
* ''The Old and New Testaments in Muslim Religious Art''. London: Pub. for the British Academy by [[Humphrey Sumner Milford|H. Milford]], Oxford University Press. [[Schweich Lectures]] for 1928.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=171&inst_id=19 Arnold, Sir Thomas Walker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509021122/http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=171&inst_id=19 |date=9 May 2008 }}, School of Oriental and African Studies: home page
*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arnold-sir-thomas-walker-british-orientalist-1864-1930 Sir Thomas Walker] entry in [[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arnold, Thomas Walker}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Government College University, Lahore]]
[[Category:Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British art critics]]
[[Category:British historians of Islam]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:English orientalists]]
[[Category:Historians of Indian art]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:People educated at the City of London School]]
[[Category:People from Devonport, Plymouth]]
[[Category:Victorian writers]]
[[Category:19th-century English writers]]
[[Category:20th-century English writers]]
[[Category:20th-century English male writers]]

Gorkha regiments (India)

2026-02-23T17:28:06Z

AnnettLevi9: updated page

{{Short description|Regiment of the Indian Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Indian Army soldiers with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles and U.S. Army paratroopers with the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division move toward their objective after being dropped off 130511-A-DK678-018.jpg|thumb|Men of the 2nd Battalion, [[5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)]] of the [[Indian Army]] operating alongside soldiers from the [[82nd Airborne Division]] of the [[US Army]] in 2013]]
At the time of [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian Independence]] in 1947, as per the terms of the [[Britain–India–Nepal Tripartite Agreement]], six '''Gorkha regiments''', formerly part of the [[British Indian Army]], became part of the [[Indian Army]] and have served ever since. The troops are mainly from ethnic [[Gurkha]] communities of [[Nepal]]. A seventh Gorkha Rifles regiment was formally re-raised in the Indian Army after Independence to accommodate the dedicated Gorkha soldiers of the [[7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles|7th Gurkha Rifles]] and the [[10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles|10th Gurkha Rifles]] who chose not to transfer to the [[British Army]].

==History==
{{anchor| History }}

===Origins===
{{See also | British Indian Army | Brigade_of_Gurkhas#History | l2= Brigade of Gurkhas history | Royal_Gurkha_Rifles#History | l3 = Royal Gurkha Rifles history | Gurkhas }}

Impressed by the fighting qualities displayed by the Gorkhas during the [[Gurkha War]], [[David Ochterlony|Sir David Ochterlony]] was quick to realise the potential of the Gorkhas in the [[British Indian Army]]. Until then, Gorkha defectors were generally used as irregular forces. On 24 April 1815, the first battalion of the Gorkha Regiment, was raised as the Nasiri regiment. This regiment later became the [[1GR|1st King George's Own Gurkha Rifles]], and saw action at the Maulun fort under Lieutenant Lawtie.

They were instrumental in the expansion of the [[British East India Company]] throughout the [[subcontinent]]. The Gorkhas took part in the [[Gurkha-Sikh War]], the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]s, [[European influence in Afghanistan|Afghan wars]], and in suppressing the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. Throughout these years, the British continued to recruit the Gorkhas and kept increasing the number of Gorkha regiments.

By the time First World War started, there were 10 Gorkha (spelt Gurkha at the time) regiments in the [[British Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Boris|last=Mollo|page=155|title=The India Army|year=1981 |publisher=Blandford |isbn=0-7137-1074-8}}</ref>

The Gorkha regiments played a major role as part of the Commonwealth armies during both World Wars seeing action from [[Monte Cassino]] in the west to [[Rangoon]] in the east, and earning extensive [[battle honour]]s. During the North African campaign, the German [[Afrika Korps|Afrikakorps]] accorded respect to the Nepalese knife [[khukri]]-wielding Gorkhas.

===Post independence of India ===
[[File:Memorial to the Gorkha Soldiers at Batasia Loop, Darjeeling.jpg|right|thumb|300px|War memorial to slain Gorkha soldiers, [[Batasia Loop]], [[Darjeeling]].]]

Following India's independence, India, Nepal and Great Britain signed a [[Britain-India-Nepal Tripartite Agreement]] in 1947. Provision was made for six of the 10 Gorkha regiments in the [[British Indian Army]] to transfer to the new [[Indian Army]].<ref name="gur1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20051102065812/http://www.singapore21.org.sg/art_talent.html Gurkha regiment history in Singapore], singapore21.org.sg.</ref><ref name="gorakh1" /> This agreement did not apply to Gurkhas employed in the Nepalese Army. As of 2020, India has 39 Gorkha battalions serving in 7 Gorkha regiments.<ref name=gorakh1>[https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/gurkha-recruitment-legacy-of-past-says-nepal-calls-1947-tripartite-agreement-redundant/630297 Gurkha recruitment legacy of past, says Nepal; calls 1947 tripartite agreement 'redundant'], Times of India, 31 July 2020.</ref>

The four Gurkha regiments transferred to the British Army were posted to the remaining British colonies. In [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] and Singapore, their presence was required in the [[Malayan Emergency]], and they were to replace the [[Sikhs in the Indian and British Armies|Sikh]] unit in Singapore which reverted to the Indian Army on Indian independence. Those units in Malaya (Malaysia and Brunei) and Singapore, after these British colonies gained independence, are still part of Brunei and Singapore's armed forces respectively.

The six regiments incorporated in the new army of independent India were:
*[[1 Gorkha Rifles|1st King George V's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)]]
*[[3 Gorkha Rifles|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]]
*[[4 Gorkha Rifles|4th Prince of Wales's Own Gurkha Rifles]]
*[[5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)|5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)]]
*[[8 Gorkha Rifles|8th Gurkha Rifles]]
*[[9 Gorkha Rifles|9th Gurkha Rifles]]
In 1949, the spelling of 'Gurkha' in the Indian Army was changed to the traditional 'Gorkha'. Upon India becoming a republic in 1950, all royal titles associated with the Indian Gorkha regiments were dropped.

Following the divisions of the Gorkha regiments, it was decided that transferring to the British Army would be a voluntary decision for the individual Gorkha soldiers affected. As a result, large numbers of men from the [[7th Gurkha Rifles]] and the [[10th Gurkha Rifles]], which recruited predominantly from eastern Nepal, decided not to remain with their regiments when these became part of the British Army. In order to retain a contingent from this area of Nepal, the Indian Army made the decision to raise the [[11 Gorkha Rifles]]. Although there was an ad hoc regiment with this number, raised during World War 1 with troops drawn from the various existing Gurkha units, the troops mostly retained the uniform and insignias of their respective regiments (with a few exceptions who wore 11 GR badges which was unofficial as no sanction was given for such). This regiment was disbanded in 1922 and has no relation to the present-day 11 Gurkha Rifles, despite claims to the contrary.

Since independence, the Gorkhas have fought in every major campaign involving the Indian Army, and have been awarded numerous battle and theatre honours. Gorkha regiments have won many gallantry awards, such as the [[Param Vir Chakra]] and the [[Maha Vir Chakra]].

The 5th Battalion of the 5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force), 5/5 GR (FF), fought gallantly in the [[Indian annexation of Hyderabad|Hyderabad police action]] in 1948, during which Nk. Nar Bahadur Thapa of 5/5 GR (FF) earned the first [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashok Chakra]] Class I of independent India on 15 September 1948. The 1st Battalion, 1/5 GR (FF), captured the [[Sehjra]] bulge fighting against a whole Pakistani battalion during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. The 4th Battalion, 4/5 GR (FF), fought in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Battle of Sylhet]], earning the distinction of being the first regiment of the Indian Army to be involved in a heliborne attack. Under the Indian Army, Gorkhas have served in [[Bangladesh liberation war|Bangladesh]], [[IPKF|Sri Lanka]], [[Siachen]], and in UN peacekeeping missions in [[UNIFIL|Lebanon]], [[UNMIS|Sudan]], and [[UNAMSIL|Sierra Leone]].

Major [[Dhan Singh Thapa]] of the 1st Battalion, 8 Gorkha Rifles, 1/8 GR, won the [[Param Vir Chakra]] for his heroic actions during the [[1962 Sino-Indian conflict]]. The 1st Battalion of the 11th Gorkha Rifles, 1/11 GR, was involved in the [[Kargil War]] of 1999, where Lt. [[Manoj Kumar Pandey]] was posthumously awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]] for gallantry. Lt. Hari Singh Bist of the 3rd Battalion of the 11th Gorkha Rifles was awarded a [[Shaurya Chakra]] posthumously for his bravery in a close combat encounter with JeM terrorists in Mendhar in Kashmir. Lt. Bist and his patrol party had acquired information that a group of terrorists were hiding in a village hut. On receiving the intelligence, Lt. Bist volunteered to conduct further surveillance. During the actual encounter, Lt. Bist killed five militants, but was shot five times in the process.

==Structure==

===Current regimental strength===
[[File: Yudh Abhyas 2013, 2nd Batallion, 5th Gurkha Rifles.jpg|right|thumb|Soldiers of the 99th Mountain Brigade's 2nd Battalion, [[5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)|5 Gorkha Rifles]], during Yudh Abhyas 2013.]]
Currently, there are 39 battalions serving in 7 Gorkha regiments in the Indian Army. Six regiments were transferred from the [[British Indian Army]], while one was formed after independence;

* [[1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)|1 Gorkha Rifles]] – 6 battalions (previously 1st King George V's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment))
* [[3rd Gorkha Rifles|3 Gorkha Rifles]] – 5 battalions (previously 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles)
* [[4th Gorkha Rifles|4 Gorkha Rifles]] – 5 battalions (previously 4th Prince of Wales's Own Gurkha Rifles)
* [[5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)|5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)]] – 6 battalions (previously 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force))
* [[8th Gorkha Rifles|8 Gorkha Rifles]] – 6 battalions (In 8 GR the First Battalion is converted into [[Indian Army Mechanised Infantry Regiment|Mechanised Infantry Regiment]])
* [[9th Gorkha Rifles|9 Gorkha Rifles]] – 5 battalions
* [[11th Gorkha Rifles|11 Gorkha Rifles]] – 6 battalions (raised after the independence of India).

== Regimental Centres ==

[[File:The Gorkha Rifles marching contingents passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 67th Republic Day Parade 2016, in New Delhi on January 26, 2016.jpg|thumb|305x305px|The Gorkha Rifles marching contingents passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 67th Republic Day Parade, 2016.|alt=|right]]

The Regimental Centres of Gorkha Regiments are situated around the major cities in India. Basically there are 4 Gorkha Training Centres across major cities. They are:
* 11 Gorkha Rifles Regimental Centre (11 GRRC) located in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
* 14 Gorkha Training Centre (14 GTC) located in [[Sabathu]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
* 39 Gorkha Training Centre (39 GTC) located in [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
* 58 Gorkha Training Centre (58 GTC) located in [[Happy Valley, Shillong, Meghalaya|Happy Valley]], [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]]
Apart from this the Gorkhas are mainly recruited from GRD (Gorkha Recruiting Depot) [[Kunraghat]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].

=== Affiliations===
The Gorkha Rifle regiments have the following affiliations:

* 15 Rashtriya Rifles battalion – 1 Gorkha Rifles & 4 Gorkha Rifles
* 32 Rashtriya Rifles battalion – 3 Gorkha Rifles & 9 Gorkha Rifles
* 33 Rashtriya Rifles battalion – 5 Gorkha Rifles & 8 Gorkha Rifles
* 137 Composite Eco-Task Force Battalion (Territorial Army) 3 Gorkha Rifles & 9 Gorkha Rifles – Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
* 107 Infantry Battalion Territorial Army (11 Gorkha Rifles) – [[Darjeeling]], [[West Bengal]]
The individual Gorkha rifle regiments of India are collectively known for regimental purposes as the 'Gorkha Brigade' between themselves and are not to be confused with the [[Brigade of Gurkhas]] of the British Army.

==Gorkha headheat==
[[File:Gorkha Hat logo.svg|thumb|{{small|Illustration of the ''Gorkha Hat'', commonly used as a banner by Gorkha Regiments.}}|alt=|center]]

The [[Terai hat|Gorkha hat]] is wide brimmed [[Slouch hat|slouch hat]] composed of two layers of material. It is made of felt and is worn tilted.<ref name="thegurkhamuseum">{{cite web |title=The Gorkha Hat – The Gorkha Museum |url=https://thegurkhamuseum.co.uk/the-gorkha-hat/ |website=thegurkhamuseum.co.uk |access-date=3 January 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> It was originally adopted prior to World War I for wear with the khaki drill service uniform of the time.

The round [[Pillbox hat|"pille-box" cap]] worn with the traditional [[Rifle green|rifle-green]] dress uniform of Gorkha regiments was retained after 1947 for off-duty use.<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Gaylor|pages=328–329|title=Sons of John Company. The Indian & Pakistan Armies 1903-1991| year=1992 |publisher=Spellmount |isbn=0-946771-98-7}}</ref>

==In popular culture==

A platoon of the [[11 Gorkha Rifles|1/11 Gorkha Rifles]], led by [[Manoj Kumar Pandey|Lt. Manoj Kumar Pandey]] and commanded by [[Lalit Rai|Col. Lalit Rai]] has been depicted in the 2003 [[Bollywood]] movie [[LOC: Kargil]]. [[Sudesh Berry]] portrays Col. Lalit Rai, while [[Ajay Devgn]] plays Lt. Manoj Kumar Pandey.[[Sam Manekshaw| Field Marshall S.H.F.J Manekshaw]] of [[8th Gorkha Rifles]] was also played by [[Vicky Kaushal]] in his biopic titled [[Sam Bahadur (film)|Sam Bahadur]] released in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2003 |title=The Kargil hero who defines LoC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune-times/the-kargil-hero-who-defines-loc/articleshow/332394.cms |access-date=22 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: LoC: the Kargil story! |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/12loc.htm |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=L.O.C Kargil - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=512 |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[People of Nepal]]
* [[Gurkhas]]
* [[Indian Army]]
* [[British Indian Army]] (1858–1947)
* [[Royal Gurkha Rifles]] (British Army)
* [[Brigade of Gurkhas]] (British Army)
* [[Gurkha Reserve Unit]] (Brunei Armed Forces)
* [[Gurkha Contingent]] (Singapore Police Force)
* [[List of operation by Gurkha Army]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/standateast.shtml Sir Mark Tully's presentation of the Indian Army during the Second World War]
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com Bharat-Rakshak]

{{Gurkha|state=collapsed}}
{{Indian Army Infantry Regiments}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorkha Regiments (India)}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1815]]
[[Category:Infantry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]
[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:Mercenary units and formations]]
[[Category:Gurkhas]]
[[Category:Units of the Indian Peace Keeping Force]]
[[Category:1815 establishments in British India]]

Maitri (research station)

2026-02-22T19:47:09Z

AnnettLevi9: refine references and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maitri
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[Research stations in Antarctica|Antarctic Research Station]]
| image_skyline = An aerial view of the Indian Station Maitri, Antarctica on February 2, 2005.jpg
| imagesize = 300
| image_caption = An aerial view of the Indian Station Maitri, Antarctica on 2 February 2005
| image_flag =
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| pushpin_map = Antarctica
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Maitri in Antarctica
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Maitri in [[Antarctica]]
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| coordinates = {{coord|70.766667|S|11.731944|E|format=dms|region:AQ|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Antarctica|Location in Antarctica]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Queen Maud Land]] [[Antarctica]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Administered by
| subdivision_name3 = [[National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research]]

| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{start date|1989|1|df=y}}
| extinct_title =
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| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="comnap-catalogue"/>
| elevation_m = 117
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_footnotes = <ref name="comnap-catalogue">{{cite report |type=catalogue |url=https://www.comnap.aq/s/COMNAP_Antarctic_Station_Catalogue.pdf |title=Antarctic Station Catalogue |date=August 2017 |publisher=[[Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs]] |isbn=978-0-473-40409-3 |page=85 |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022102847/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61073506e9b0073c7eaaf464/t/611497cc1ece1b43f0eeca8a/1628739608968/COMNAP_Antarctic_Station_Catalogue.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_total =
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| blank2_info_sec1 = Operational
| blank_name_sec2 = Activities
| blank_info_sec2 = {{Collapsible list |bullets=on |Biology |Glaciology |Earth science |Meteorology}}

| postal_code_type =
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}}
[[File:Maitri Zaman.jpg|thumb|Maitri under construction with lake Indira Priyadarshini in background (1988)|alt=|310x310px]]
'''Maitri''' also known as '''Friendship Research Centre''', is [[India]]'s second permanent research station in [[Antarctica]] as part of the [[Indian Antarctic Programme]]. The name was suggested by then-[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]]. Work on the station was first started by the [[Indian Antarctic Program#Indian Antarctic expeditions|Indian Antarctic expedition]] which arrived the end of December 1984, with a team led by Dr. B. B. Bhattacharya. Squadron Leader D. P. Joshi, the surgeon of the team, was the first camp commander of the tentage at camp Maitri. The first huts were started by the IV Antarctica Expedition and completed in 1989, shortly before the first station, [[Dakshin Gangotri]], was buried in ice and abandoned in 1990–91.<ref name=PCO>{{cite web
|url = http://www.youtube.com
|access-date = 2009-04-13
|title = Maitri
|publisher = Polar Conservation Organisation
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://archive.today/20120530200822/http://www.polarconservation.org/education/antarctic-bases/maitri/
| date = 11 January 2011
|archive-date = 30 May 2012
}}</ref> Maitri is situated in the rocky [[mountain]]ous region called [[Schirmacher Oasis]]. It is only {{convert|5|km}} away from the Russian [[Novolazarevskaya Station]].

==Facilities==
{{stack begin}}
[[File:An ariel view of the Indian Station Maitri, Antarctica on February 2,2005.jpg|thumb|An aerial view of the Indian Station Maitri, Antarctica on 2 February 2005]]
{{stack end}}
The station has modern facilities for research in various disciplines, such as [[biology]], [[earth sciences]], [[glaciology]], [[atmosphere|atmospheric sciences]], [[meteorology]], cold region engineering, [[communication]], [[human physiology]], and [[medicine]]. It can accommodate 25 people for winter. Fresh water is provided through a freshwater lake named [[Lake Priyadarshini]].

==Airfield==
{{Infobox airport
| name = ALCI Airbase Novo Runway
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| type = Private
| owner-oper =
| owner =
| operator = Antarctic Logistics Centre International (ALCI)
| city-served = Novolazarevskaya and Maitri
| location = [[Dronning Maud Land]]
| opened = {{start date|df=yes|2014|04|06}}
| closed = 
| passenger_services_ceased = 
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| pushpin_map = Antarctica
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| pushpin_relief =
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A [[blue ice runway]], located {{convert|10|km}} away, operated by Antarctic Logistics Centre International (ALCI) serves the station and [[Novolazarevskaya Station|Novolazarevskaya]].

== Maitri-II ==
India is planning to replace Maitri research station by a new Maitri-2 station by 2029.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India to replace ‘very old’ Maitri research station in Antarctica by 2029 |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-to-build-new-research-station-in-antarctica-by-2029-replacing-very-old-673272 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref> Following government approval, India plans for Maitri-II to be operational by January 2032, with a research grant of Rs.1250 crore to design and prepare a [[Detailed Project Report|DPR]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/india-s-fourth-and-largest-antarctic-research-base-gets-in-principle-nod/ar-AA1OBYic?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=68f2661ec6bf4e3b93c9238cf0a92e63&ei=29 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indian Antarctic Program]]
* [[Bharati (research station)]]
* [[Dakshin Gangotri]] First Indian station 1983, converted to support base
* [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
* [[Defence Institute of High Altitude Research]]
* [[Indian Astronomical Observatory]]
* [[Jantar Mantar, Jaipur]]
* [[National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research]]
* [[Siachen Base Camp (India)]]
* [[Research stations in Antarctica#List of research stations|List of Antarctic research stations]]
* [[Antarctic field camps|List of Antarctic field camps]]
* [[List of highest astronomical observatories]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ncaor.gov.in National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research (NCAOR)] of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20050129214503/http://dod.nic.in/ Ministry of Earth Sciences] of [http://www.nic.in Government of India]
* [https://itshamradio.com/amateur-radio-operator-selected-for-antarctica-expedition/ Amateur Radio Operator Selected for Antarctica Expedition]

{{commons category|position=left|Maitri Station}}

{{Portal bar|Earth sciences|Geography|India}}
{{Polar Research Stations of India}}
{{Antarctic research stations}}
{{Airports in Antarctica}}
{{Antarctica}}

[[Category:Outposts of Antarctica]]
[[Category:Indian Antarctic Programme]]
[[Category:Research in India]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Antarctica]]

British

2026-02-22T08:59:05Z

AnnettLevi9: refined lead based on references for clarity

{{Wiktionary|British|british}}

'''British''' may refer to:

==Peoples, culture, and language==
* [[British people]], nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.
* [[British national identity]], the characteristics of British people and culture
* [[British English]], the English language as spoken and written in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and, more broadly, throughout the British Isles
* [[Celtic Britons]], an ancient ethno-linguistic group
* [[Brittonic languages]], a branch of the Insular Celtic language family (formerly called British)
** [[Common Brittonic]], an ancient language

==Other uses==
*People or things associated with:
** [[Great Britain]], an island
** [[British Isles]], an island group
** [[United Kingdom]], a sovereign state
** [[British Empire]], a historical global colonial empire
** [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] (1707–1800)
** [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] (1801–1922)
* [[British Raj]], an informal empire ruled directly by the Crown on the Indian subcontinent
* [[British Hong Kong]], colonial Hong Kong under the British Empire
* [[British Columbia]], a province of Canada
* [[British Airways]], the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom
* [[British Museum]], a public museum in London
* [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British Monarchy]], the royal family of the United Kingdom
* [[British Army]], one of the armed forces of the United Kingdom
* ''[[Brit(ish)]]'', a 2018 memoir by Afua Hirsch

==See also==
* [[Terminology of the British Isles]]
* [[Alternative names for the British]]
* [[English (disambiguation)]]
* [[Britannic (disambiguation)]]
* [[British Islands]]
* [[British Isles]]
* [[Brit (disambiguation)]]
* [[Briton (disambiguation)]]
* [[Britain (disambiguation)]]
* [[Great Britain (disambiguation)]]
* [[British Empire]]
* [[United Kingdom (disambiguation)]]
* {{look from|British}}
* {{look from|Great British}}
* {{In title|British}}

{{Disambiguation}}

Aly Goni

2026-02-21T16:37:34Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{short description|Indian actor and model (born 1988)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aly Goni
| image = Aly Goni at the launch of Fear Factor Khatron Ke Khiladi 9 (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 220 px
| caption = Goni in 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|02|25|df=yes}}<ref name="birthday 1">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aly-goni-birthday-jasmin-bhasin-says-i-love-you-7204016/lite|title=What makes birthday boy Aly Goni 'King of hearts'|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bhaderwah]], Jammu & Kashmir, India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[Model (person)|model]]}}
| years_active = 2012–present
| known_for = *[[Naagin 3]]
*[[Bigg Boss 17]]
| partner = [[Jasmin Bhasin]] (2021- Present)
}}

'''Aly Goni''' (born 25 February 1991)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/girlfriend-jasmin-bhasin-shares-a-special-birthday-message-for-her-priceless-reward-aly-goni-1515585/amp|title=Girlfriend Jasmin Bhasin Shares A Special Birthday Message For Her 'Priceless Reward' Aly Goni|website=Abplive|access-date= 25 February 2022}}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] actor and model who appears in [[Hindi]] television.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/inside-ye-hai-mohabbateins-actor-aly-gonis-birthday-in-goa-1817446|title=Inside Ye Hai Mohabbatein's Actor Aly Goni's Birthday in Goa|date=26 February 2018|website=NDTV}}</ref> He made his debut through participating in [[MTV]]'s dating reality show ''[[MTV Splitsvilla#Season 5|Splitsvilla 5]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/aly-goni-to-naina-singh-these-tv-celebs-started-their-career-with-dating-reality-show-splitsvilla/amp_etphotostory/81332324.cms|title=Aly Goni To Naina Singh: These TV Celebs Started Their Career With Dating Reality Show Splitsvilla|website=Timesofindia|date=5 March 2021 |access-date= 5 March 2021}}</ref> Goni rose to fame after portraying Romesh Bhalla in [[StarPlus]]'s romantic ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' till 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/379280/aly-goni-quits-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-posts-heartfelt-message-karan-patel%3famp|title=Aly Goni quits Yeh Hai Mohabbatein; posts a heartfelt message for Karan Patel|website=Pinkvilla|access-date= 25 May 2017}}</ref> He has also participated in stunt-based reality show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9|Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-9-contestants-confirmed-list-5252280/lite/|title= Bharti Singh, Avika Gor and Sreesanth to participate in Khatron Ke Khiladi 9|website=Indianexpress|date= 9 July 2018|access-date= 10 July 2018}}</ref> and ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 9|Nach Baliye 9]]'' both in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/nach-baliye-9-contestants-list-5837780/lite/|title=Nach Baliye 9: These celebrity couples will set the dance floor on fire|website= Indianexpress|date=19 July 2019 |access-date= 19 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2020, Goni participated in [[Colors TV]]'s reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|Bigg Boss 14]]'' where he finished at 4th place.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-contestant-aly-goni-photos-videos-6923495/lite/|title=Aly Goni: Everything you should know about Bigg Boss 14 wild card contestant|website= Indianexpress|date=4 November 2020 |access-date= 4 November 2020}}</ref> In 2024, He has participated in [[Colors TV]]'s cooking based popular show ''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment]]''

==Early life==
Goni was born on 25 February 1991 to a [[Muslim]] family in [[Bhaderwah]], Jammu & Kashmir.<ref name="birthplace 1">{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/aly-goni-is-homeless/articleshow/48557175.cms|title=Heartbroken to face discrimination as born in Kashmir, says 'Yeh Hai Mohabbatein' actor Aly Goni|date=21 August 2015|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> He is the son of Ruby and Amjad Goni. He has a sister named Ilham Goni.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nach-baliye-9s-aly-goni-becomes-mamu-sister-gives-birth-to-triplets/articleshow/70550891.cms|title=Aly becomes Mamu as his sister gives birth to triplets|date=6 August 2019|work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Goni met actress [[Jasmin Bhasin]] during ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]''. They initially became friends and started dating in 2021 after their stint on ''[[Bigg Boss 14]]''.<ref>[https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-from-best-friends-to-being-in-a-relationship-for-3-years-a-look-at-jasmin-bhasin-aly-gonis-love-story/amp_etphotostory/79622588.cms]"Bigg Boss 14: Aly Goni hopes to marry Jasmin Bhasin, says 'I will do anything to convince her parents'". Hindustan Times. 22 February 2021. https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-from-best-friends-to-being-in-a-relationship-for-3-years-a-look-at-jasmin-bhasin-aly-gonis-love-story/amp_etphotostory/79622588.cms</ref>

==Career==
In 2012, Aly started his career by participating in the reality show ''[[MTV Splitsvilla#Season 5|MTV Splitsvilla 5]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=Aly Goni to Paras Chhabra, 10 Splitsvilla alumni who made it big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aly-goni-to-paras-chhabra-10-splitsvilla-alumni-who-made-it-big-7214516/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2013, he made his acting debut with [[StarPlus|Star Plus]]'s ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' where he played Romi Bhalla until its end in December 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-turns-4-karan-patel-and-aly-goni-thank-fans/articleshow/61914265.cms|title=Karan Patel & Aly Goni thank fans on account of 4 years completion of YHM|date=4 December 2017|website=ETimes}}</ref>

In 2015, he started playing the main lead Raj Kapoor by replacing [[Vibhav Roy]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/reasons-why-aly-goni-asha-negi-replaced-kuch-toh-hai-tere-mere-darmiyaan-lead-actors-655018|title=Reasons why Aly Goni and Asha Negi replaced 'Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan' lead actors|date=2015-11-16|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=english|access-date=2019-07-25}}</ref> in [[StarPlus|Star Plus]]'s ''[[Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan]]'' and the show went off the air in January 2016.

In 2016, he played the role of Kabir Raichand in [[&TV]]'s ''[[Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum]]''. He later played the role of Virat in [[Life OK]]'s ''[[Bahu Hamari Rajni Kant]]''.

In 2017, he played Sushant in [[StarPlus]]'s ''[[Dhhai Kilo Prem]]''.

In 2018, he appeared as Naman Kapoor in [[Sony Entertainment Television India|Sony TV]]'s ''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai]]''. In September 2018, He made his music video debut with song "Cheater Mohan" which was sung by [[Kanika Kapoor]]. He also played a negative character of Vyom in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 3]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=This Yeh Hai Mohabbatein actor to enter Naagin 3 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/this-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-actor-to-enter-naagin-3-1379231-2018-10-31 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

In 2019, he participated in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2018 |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 9 contestants: From Sreesanth to Vikas Gupta; here's a look at popular celebrities who will participate in the show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/khatron-ke-khiladi-9-vikas-gupta-to-avika-gor-celebs-who-are-all-set-to-participate-in-the-show/photostory/64450284.cms |website=[[Times Of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/khatron-ke-khiladi-9-written-update-february-3-2019-aly-goni-fails-to-complete-task-gets-eliminated/articleshow/67830126.cms|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 9 written update February 3, 2019: Aly Goni fails to complete task, gets eliminated |website=The Times of India|date=4 February 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-01}}</ref> He also appeared in [[Colors TV]]'s comedy show ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bharti-singh-haarsh-limbhachiya-aly-goni-vikas-gupta-ridhima-pandit-khatra-khatra-khatra-5593510/|title=Vikas Gupta, Bharti Singh, Haarsh Limbhachiya, Aly Goni and Ridhima Pandit in Khatra Khatra Khatra|date=21 February 2019|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> In June 2019, he did his second music video named "Tere Jism 2".In July 2019, he participated in [[Star Plus]]'s dance reality show ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 9|Nach Baliye 9]]'' with [[Nataša Stanković]] as an ex couple.

In 2020, he participated in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telly-talk/article/contestants-host-location-all-you-need-to-know-about-khatron-ke-khiladi-made-in-india/627481|title=Contestants, host, location:All you need to know about Khatron Ke Khiladi:Made in India|website=zoomtventartainment.com|date=26 July 2020}}</ref> In November 2020, he entered [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|Bigg Boss 14]]'' as a wild-card contestant<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-who-is-aly-goni-all-you-need-to-known-about-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-actor-who-is-all-set-to-enter-salman-khan-1379622|title=Bigg Boss 14: Aly Goni To Enter Salman Khan's Show; Here's All You Need To Know About 'Yeh Hai Mohabbatein' Actor|date=1 November 2020|work=[[ABP Live]]}}</ref>

He made his [[web series]] debut as Surya Sethi in [[ZEE5]]'s ''[[Jeet Ki Zid]]'' in January 2021.

== In the media ==
Goni was ranked 12th in 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-televisions-most-desirable-dudes/articleshow/69268331.cms|title=Meet television's most desirable dudes|date=16 May 2019|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> 14th in 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-times-20-most-desirable-men-on-television-2019/articleshow/77917069.cms|title=Times 20 Most Desirable Men on TV 2019|date= 4 September 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> and 3rd in 2020 in the ''[[Times of India]]''{{'}}s 20 Most Desirable Men on [[Television in India|Indian Television]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-the-times-20-most-desirable-men-on-television-2020/articleshow/83403113.cms|title=Aly Goni in Top 3 of Times 20 Most Desirable Men on TV 2020|date=11 June 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He was ranked at 22nd position in its 50 Most Desirable Men of 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/sushant-singh-rajput-tops-the-times-50-most-desirable-men-2020-list-2/671708/|title=Times Most Desriable Men 2020|date= 4 June 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| 2012
| ''[[MTV Splitsvilla#Season 5|Splitsvilla 5]]''
| Contestant
|8th place
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aly-goni-to-paras-chhabra-10-splitsvilla-alumni-who-made-it-big-7214516/lite|title= Aly Goni to Paras Chhabra, 10 spilitsvilla Alumni who made it big|website= [[The Indian Express]]|date= 5 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''[[V The Serial]]''
| Himself
|
|
|-
| 2013–2019
| ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''
| Romesh "Romi" Bhalla
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-hai-mohabbateis-romi-aka-aly-goni-is-quitting-the-show-confirms-on-social-media/articleshow/58818595.cms|title=Yeh Hai Mohabbatein's Romi aka Aly Goni is quitting the show; confirms on social media|date=25 May 2017|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan]]''
| Raj Kapoor
|
|<ref>{{cite web |date=15 November 2015 |title=Aly Goni bags the lead role in Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151114/entertainment-tvmusic/article/it%E2%80%99s-confirmed-aly-goni-replaces-vibhav-roy-kuch-toh-hai-tere |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
| ''[[Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum]]''
| Kabir "Agni" Raichand
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/aly-goni-joins-yeh-kahan-aa-gaye-hum/articleshow/51441769.cms|title=Aly Goni joins 'Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum'|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date= 17 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bahu Hamari Rajni Kant]]''
| Virat Batra
|
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Dhhai Kilo Prem]]''
| Sushant
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/dhhai-kilo-prem-written-update-april-21-2017-piyushs-mother-gets-sushant-arrested/articleshow/58296889.cms|title=Dhhai Kilo Prem written update April 21, 2017: Piyush's mother gets Sushant arrested|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 April 2017 |access-date= 21 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai]]''
| Naman Kapoor
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/television/yeh-hai-mohabbatein-actor-aly-goni-to-enter-dil-hi-to-hai-790584/amp|title='Yeh Hai Mohabbatein' actor Aly Goni to ENTER 'Dil Hi To Hai'|website=Abplive|access-date= 25 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 3]]''
| Vyom
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-hai-mohabbateins-aly-goni-to-enter-naagin-3/articleshow/66459495.cms|title=Yeh Hai Mohabbatein's Aly Goni to enter Naagin 3? |website=The Times of India|date=November 2018 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-01}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9|Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]''
| rowspan="4" | Contestant
|5th place
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/khatron-ke-khiladi-season-9-written-update-march-03-2019-jasmin-bhasin-gets-eliminated-punit-pathak-aly-goni-become-the-finalist/articleshow/68253726.cms|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi season 9 written update, March 03, 2019: Jasmin Bhasin gets eliminated; Punit Pathak-Aly Goni become the finalist|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date= 4 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 9|Nach Baliye 9]]''
|3rd runner-up
|<ref name="Nach 1">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/nach-baliye-9-aly-goni-natasa-stankovic-5825348/|title=Nach Baliye 9 introduces its next jodi – 'Natkhat' Aly Goni and 'Pardesi' Natasa Stankovic|date=11 July 2019|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="Nach 2">{{cite web |date=24 July 2019 |title=Nach Baliye 9: Here's the final list of contestants on the dance based reality show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nach-baliye-9-heres-the-confirmed-list-of-contestants/photostory/70071791.cms |website=[[Times Of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2020
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India|Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India]]''
|5th place
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-made-in-india-finalists-karan-nia-jasmin-6567600/lite/|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India: Karan Wahi, Nia Sharma and Jasmin Bhasin are the finalists|website=Theindianexpress|date=24 August 2020 |access-date= 24 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2020–2021
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|Bigg Boss 14]]''
| 3rd runner-up
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-14-from-his-bond-with-jasmin-bhasin-and-rahul-vaidya-to-his-equation-with-rubina-dilaik-here-s-why-aly-goni-deserves-to-win-the-trophy-101613499860810-amp.html|title=Bigg Boss 14: Here's why Aly Goni deserves to win the trophy|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=17 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2024–2026
|''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment]]''
|Himself
|Winner (Season 1)
Runner-up (Season 2)
Winning Team
(Season 3)
|
|}

==== Special appearances ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2013
| ''[[MTV Splitsvilla#Season 6|Splitsvilla 6]]''
| rowspan="2" | Himself
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya (TV series)|Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya]]''
|
|-
| 2014–2019
| ''Box Cricket League''
| Player
| 4 seasons
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015
| ''[[Dance Plus (season 1)|Dance Plus 1]]''
| rowspan="3" | Raj Kapoor
|
|-
| ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
|
|-
|''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''Kitchen Champion 5''
| rowspan="4" |Himself
|
|-
| ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''
|
|-
|2020
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''
|Episodes 21-22
|-
|2021
|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11]]''
| Episode 8
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
|2021
|''[[Jeet Ki Zid]]''
|Surya Sethi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/jeet-ki-zid/seriesreview/80366208.cms|title=Jeet Ki Zid Reviews|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=22 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Khadaan''
|Veer

|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroompost.com/entertainment/karanvir-bohra-embarks-on-a-riveting-journey-in-a-web-series-titled-khadaan/5294041.html/amp |website=[[news post]]|date=16 December 2023 |title=Karanvir Bohra Embarks on a Riveting Journey in a Web Series titled 'Khadaan' }}</ref>
|}

===Music video appearances===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Singer(s)
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| 2018
|"Cheater Mohan"
| [[Kanika Kapoor]], [[Ikka Singh|Ikka]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/kanika-kapoor-and-aly-goni-new-song-cheater-mohan-new-sensation-on-internet/448077|title=Aly Goni to make debut in music videos with Kanika Kapoor|work=[[Zee News]]|date=18 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
|"Tere Jism 2"
| Altaaf Sayyed
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2021
|"Tera Suit"
| [[Tony Kakkar]]
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/aly-goni-dancing-with-his-nephews-to-tera-suit-is-the-cutest-thing-you-ll-see-on-internet-1778492-2021-03-12|title=Aly Goni dancing with his nephews to Tera Suit|date=12 March 2021|website=IndiaToday}}</ref>
|-
|"Tu Bhi Sataya Jayega"
| [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|
|<ref>{{cite news|title="Tu Bhi Sataya Jayega:Jasmin Bhasin and Aly Goni take a different route in their latest single, watch video"|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/tu-bhi-sataya-jayega-jasmin-bhasin-aly-goni-take-a-different-route-in-their-latest-single-watch-video-7290942/lite|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=27 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|"Aly"
| [[Rahul Vaidya]]
|Archival footage
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rahul Vaidya to release a song which is dedicated to bestfriend Aly Goni; Rakhi Sawant and Jasmin Bhasin are also a part of it|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rahul-vaidya-to-release-a-song-dedicated-to-friends-aly-goni-and-jasmin-bhasin-rakhi-sawant-shares-she-is-also-a-part-of-it/articleshow/82930739.cms|access-date=23 June 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2021 |title=Aly: Rahul Vaidya's new song revisits Bigg Boss 14 with Aly Goni, Jasmin Bhasin, Rakhi Sawant in tow |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/aly-rahul-vaidya-s-new-song-revisits-bigg-boss-14-with-aly-goni-jasmin-bhasin-rakhi-sawant-in-tow-101622125143827.html |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"2 Phone"
|[[Neha Kakkar]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/neha-kakkars-2-phone-ft-aly-goni-and-jasmin-bhasin-is-out/articleshow/84853755.cms|title="Neha Kakkar's '2 Phone' ft. Aly Goni and Jasmin Bhasin is out"|website=[[Times of India]]|date=2021-07-29}}</ref>
|-
|"Jodaa"
|[[Afsana Khan]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/mouni-roy-aly-goni-song-jodaa-poster-7546666/|title=Mouni Roy and Aly Goni play lovelorn couple in Jodaa|website=The Indian Express|date=2 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/afsana-khans-jodaa-ft-aly-goni-and-mouni-roy-trends-on-music-charts/articleshow/86961816.cms|title=Jodaa trends on music charts|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2022
|"Jumme Di Namaaz"
|Dhruv Malik
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2022 |title=Aly Goni and Surbhi Jyoti express their love language through eyes in Jumme Di Namaaz |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/aly-goni-and-surbhi-jyoti-express-their-love-language-through-eyes-jumme-di-namaaz-watch-1178929 |access-date=26 August 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Sajaunga Lutkar Bhi"
|[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Neeti Mohan]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=Aly Goni and Jasmin Bhasin are 'ready to sparkle and shine' in their new music video 'Sajaunga Lutkar Bhi' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/aly-goni-and-jasmin-bhasin-are-ready-sparkle-and-shine-their-new-music-video-sajaunga-lutkar-bhi-1183660 |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian television actors]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|nm6923839}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goni, Aly}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bhaderwah]]
[[Category:Male actors from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male models]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

St. Augustine's Day School (Shyamnagar)

2026-02-21T09:21:24Z

AnnettLevi9: put up stub!

{{More citations needed|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Augustine Day School, Shyamagar
| native_name =
| image = File:Skul.jpg
| alt =
| caption = St. Augustine Day School
| motto =
| motto_translation =
| address = 179, Dr BC Roy Rd, Noapara, Shyamnagar,
| city = Kolkata
| district =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postal_code = 743127
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.8208162|N|88.3757848|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| type =
| religious_affiliation =
| established = 1975
| founder =
| closed =
| school_board = The School is steered by President, Janet Gasper Chowdhury and Secretary & CEO, Amitava Chowdhury
| oversight =
| principal = Rev. Rodney Borneo
| staff =
| faculty =
| grades =
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Co-Ed]]
| age_range =
| enrolment =
| language = English
| campus_size =
| campus_type = Urban
| colours =
| teams = 
| accreditation = 
| publication =
| newspaper =
| yearbook =
| affiliation = 
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''St. Augustine Day School, Shyamagar''' is a school located in [[Shyamnagar, West Bengal|Shyamnagar]], North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.google.com/maps/place/St.+Augustine's+Day+School,+Shyamnagar/@22.8207995,88.3763731,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipOWgw7ZFqEMblqbxNVvTGZpLrra71nvgGUkJVmU!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOWgw7ZFqEMblqbxNVvTGZpLrra71nvgGUkJVmU%3Dw152-h86-k-no!7i1920!8i1080!4m10!1m2!2m1!1ssaint+augustine+school!3m6!1s0x39f89093e7a8fb87:0xc5758284465a5e30!8m2!3d22.8208162!4d88.376332!15sChZzYWludCBhdWd1c3RpbmUgc2Nob29skgELaGlnaF9zY2hvb2zgAQA!16s%2Fm%2F0gmbk_z|title =Saint Augustine Day School, Shyamnagar}}</ref> It was established in 1975 by C.R. Gasper and Edna Gasper. An English-medium school, it has about 3000 students from Nursery to Class XII.The school is run, managed and governed by the St. Augustine Education Society, Calcutta, a registered society under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act 1961. It is steered by its president, Janet Gasper Chowdhury and Secretary & CEO, Amitava Chowdhury. The Principal is Rev. Rodney Borneo.

The campus comprises 3 buildings and a playground. The old building was built in 1976. In 2018 the new building was inaugurated. Since then, most of the classes are located in the new building.

Other schools under the same management are St. Augustine's Day School, Barrackpore (ICSE / ISC); St. Augustine's Day School for Girls, Barrackpore (CBSE), and St. Augustine's Day School for Boys, Barrackpore (CBSE)

==Motto==
"Learning Leadership Loyalty"

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[List of schools in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Portal bar|School|Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Augustine's Day School, Shyamnagar}}
[[Category:Primary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1975]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-school-stub}}

Le Colonial

2026-02-11T06:37:48Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{Orphan|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}

'''Le Colonial''' (also known as the '''St Francis Bungalow''', '''J Thomas Bungalow''', and '''Jan van Spall Huiss''') is an old colonial house located in [[Cochin|Kochi]], Kerala, India. It is now a heritage hotel after being acquired by [[Neemrana Hotels]].

==History==

Le Colonial was built by the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] in 1506,<ref name="IcciCoch">{{Cite web |title=Le Colonial 1506 {{!}} ICCI Cochin |url=https://iccicochin.com/kochi-heritage-tour/the-portuguese-story/le-colonial-1506/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> at the same time as [[St Francis Church, Cochin|St Francis Church]].<ref name="UnusualHotels">{{cite web |title=Le Colonial |url=https://www.unusualhotelsoftheworld.com/LeColonial |website=www.unusualhotelsoftheworld.com |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref> It is said to have housed [[St Francis Xavier |Francis Xavier]], granting it the name '''St Francis Bungalow''',<ref name="UnusualHotels" /><ref name="Sahapedia">{{Cite web |title=Le Colonial (Residence of St. Francis Xavier) {{!}} Sahapedia |url=https://iccicochin.com/kochi-heritage-tour/the-portuguese-story/le-colonial-1506/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> and has additionally housed [[Vasco da Gama]].<ref name="IcciCoch" /><ref name="KeralaTourism">{{Cite web |title=Le Colonial {{!}} Kerala Tourism |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/hotels/le-colonial/3694 |access-date=2025-03-26 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Choomti">{{Cite web |title=Le Colonial {{!}} Choomti Travellers |url=https://www.choomti.com/le-colonial/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> It was the Portuguese governor's private residence as opposed to his main office.<ref name="UnusualHotels" /><ref name="Sahapedia" /><ref name="KeralaTourism" />

It remained in the hands of the Portuguese for 150 years, and when Kochi was conquered by the Dutch, it was one of the rare houses not to be destroyed during the assault. After Kochi was conquered, Le Colonial housed the Dutch governor.<ref name="UnusualHotels" /><ref name="Sahapedia" /><ref name="KeralaTourism" />Above the main gate, the date of construction and the Dutch addition of "VOC" can be seen, as it was owned by the Venerable Dutch East India Company.<ref name="UnusualHotels" /><ref name="KeralaTourism" /> During the Dutch occupation, French Admiral [[Mahé de La Bourdonnais]], while traveling from [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondichéry]] to [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] in North Kerala, spent a night as a guest in the house. In 1795, [[Major Petrie]] and his [[British East India Company]] army took over [[Fort Cochin]]. After the capitulation, van Spall received Major Petrie as his guest in the house, who had added lithographs and etches onto the wall.<ref name="UnusualHotels" /><ref name="TelegraphIn">{{Cite web |title=Heritage havens {{!}} The Telegraph Online |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/heritage-havens/cid/1669516 |access-date=2025-03-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Le Colonial housed the Dutch governor until 1795, when it was sold to the British by the last Dutch governor [[Jan van Spall]], and the original sales deed can be seen framed in the house.<ref name="TelegraphIn" /> By 1947, it belonged to J. Thomas, a British tea trader, and the house came known to be as the '''J Thomas Bungalow'''.<ref name="UnusualHotels" /><ref name="Sahapedia" /> In 2004, it was saved as a historic monument as it got acquired by [[Neemrana Hotels]], and was restored.<ref name="UnusualHotels" /><ref name="KeralaTourism" /> It is currently owned by John Persenda.<ref name="TelegraphIn" /> The house now contains many works of art and antique furniture.<ref name="IcciCoch" /><ref name="KeralaTourism" /><ref name="Choomti" /> Each room is named and styled after figures connected with its past: Jan van Spall, Major Petrie, J Thomas, Vasco da Gama, Mahé de La Bourdonnais, [[Tipoo Sultan]], the British [[viceroy]] and his ADC.<ref name="UnusualHotels" /><ref name="TelegraphIn" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Heritage hotels in India]]
[[Category:Hotels in Kochi]]

Battle of Delhi (1764)

2026-02-04T14:28:50Z

AnnettLevi9: small edit

{{Short description|1764 battle in Delhi between the Bharatpur Jat State and the Mughal Empire}}
{{Verifiability|date=March 2024}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| date = November 1764 – February 1765
| place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| conflict = Battle of Delhi (1764)
| result = Jat/Bharatpur victory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Manoj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVuAAAAMAAJ |title=India, a Tourist's Paradise |publisher=Facet Books International |year=1983 |isbn=9780932377005 |pages=448 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=(India) |first=Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jNNX53vkI2UC |title=Rajasthan [district gazetteers].: Dungarpur |publisher=Governmental Central Press |year=1962 |pages=479 |language=English}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Bharatpur1.png|23px]] [[Kingdom of Bharatpur]] '''Reinforced by''' [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Maratha Empire]] [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh army)|Dal Khalsa]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Rampur State.svg|23px]] [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]]
| partof = [[Decline of the Mughal Empire]] and [[Sikh attacks on Delhi]]
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of Bharatpur1.png|23px]] [[Jawahar Singh]]
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the Rampur State.svg|23px]] [[Najib ad-Dawlah]]
}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}
The '''Battle of Delhi (1764''') was fought between the ruler of [[Bharatpur State|Kingdom of Bharatpur]] and the [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand|Rohilkhand Kingdom]]. [[Jawahar Singh]] of Bharatpur invaded and plundered [[Delhi]] with the military support of the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] of [[House of Holkar|Holkar dynasty]] and [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh army)|Sikh cavalry]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |isbn=9788129108906 |pages=736 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baker |first=David E. U |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDRuAAAAMAAJ |title=Colonialism in an Indian Hinterland |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |isbn=9780195630497 |pages=70 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pande |first=Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Social_and_Political_History_of_the_Jats.html?id=jRJuAAAAMAAJ#delhi%20malhar%20rao%20holkar%201764 |title=Social and Political History of the Jats, Bharatpur Upto 1826 |publisher=Shodhak |year=2006 |pages=91 |language=English}}</ref>

==Background==
On 25 December 1763, [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ad Daulah]] accidentally shot [[Jawahar Singh]]'s father [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]], leading to his demise. Maharaja Sawai Jawahar Singh started preparing to avenge the death of his father.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sindhia-Holkar Rivalry in Rajasthan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlJuAAAAMAAJ&q=25th+December+1763+death|last=Misra|first=S. C.|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan|year=1981}}</ref> He took the help of the Maratha Raja of Indore, [[Malhar Rao Holkar]], and Sikh forces numbering between 12,000 and 15,000 men.{{Cn|date=January 2025}}

== See also ==
*[[Capture of Delhi (1753)|Plunder of Old Delhi (1753)]]
*[[Capture of Agra|Capture of Agra (1761)]]
*[[Battle of Delhi (disambiguation)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1764|Delhi 1764]]
[[Category:1764 in India]]
[[Category:18th century in Delhi]]
[[Category:Military history of Delhi|Delhi 1764]]
[[Category:1760s in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Jats]]

{{India-battle-stub}}

Kailash Colony metro station

2026-01-18T22:15:48Z

AnnettLevi9: rework lead and corrected details to improve readability

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] Kailash Colony
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Violet}}
| style = Delhi Metro
| image = File:Kailash colony metro.jpg
| image_caption = Kailash Colony Metro Station
| address = Lala Lajpat Rai Rd, Block A, Kailash Colony, New Delhi 110048
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Violet|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform = {{ubl|[[Side platform]]|Platform-1 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Violet|R}}|Platform-2 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Violet|L}}}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| opened = {{start date and age|2010|10|3|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| owned = [[Delhi Metro]]
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers = 11,276 (As of Jan 2015)
| pass_year = 349,552
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro|line=Violet|left=Moolchand|right=Nehru Place}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Violet Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Violet}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Kailash Colony''' is a [[Delhi Metro]] station in [[Delhi]]. It is located between [[Moolchand metro station|Moolchand]] and [[Nehru Place metro station|Nehru Place]] stations on the [[Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|Violet Line]]. The station was opened with the first section of the Line on 3 October 2010, in time for the Commonwealth Games opening ceremony on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/press_reldetails.aspx?id=OZixKt2MNIslld|title=Central Secretariat – Sarita Vihar Corridor Opens for Commuter Operations Tomorrow}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Violet|R}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Nehru Place}}
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Violet|L}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Moolchand}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Concourse
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|}

==Facilities==
List of available [[Cash machine|ATM]] at Kailash Colony metro station are
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ATM_details.aspx|title = DMRC : ATM Details}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Delhi Suburban Railway]]

{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Transport}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Delhi Metro}}
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/annual_report.aspx/ Delhi Metro Annual Reports]
* {{cite web|title=Station Information |work=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC) |url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010}}
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Delhi Metro}}
{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|violet line=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2010]]
[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in South Delhi district]]

{{Delhi-metro-stub}}
{{Delhi-railstation-stub}}

Raghvi Bist

2026-01-10T08:02:50Z

AnnettLevi9: Done

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 2004)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Raghvi Bist
| female = true
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Raghvi Anand Bist
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2004|10|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]]
| role = Batter

| international = true
| country = India
| oneodi =
| odidebutdate =
| odidebutyear =
| odidebutagainst =
| odicap =
| lastodidate =
| lastodiyear =
| lastodiagainst =
| odishirt =

| T20Idebutdate = 17 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2024
| T20Idebutagainst = West Indies
| T20Icap = 86
| lastT20Idate = 19 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2024
| lastT20Iagainst = West Indies
| T20Ishirt = 11

| club1 = [[Uttarakhand women's cricket team|Uttarakhand]]
| year1 = 2019–present
| club2 =
| year2 =

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Women's Twenty20 International|WT20I]]
| matches1 = 2
| runs1 = 36
| bat avg1 = 36.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 31[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = –
| wickets1 = –
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–

| column2 = [[First-class cricket|WFC]]
| matches2 = 1
| runs2 = 42
| bat avg2 = 21.00
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 26
| deliveries2 = 12
| wickets2 = 0
| bowl avg2 = –
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = –
| catches/stumpings2 = 1/–

| column3 = [[List A cricket|WLA]]
| matches3 = 31
| runs3 = 813
| bat avg3 = 27.10
| 100s/50s3 = 0/6
| top score3 = 82
| deliveries3 = 708
| wickets3 = 11
| bowl avg3 = 37.54
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/16
| catches/stumpings3 = 6/–

| column4 = [[Women's Twenty20|WT20]]
| matches4 = 37
| runs4 = 632
| bat avg4 = 25.28
| 100s/50s4 = 0/3
| top score4 = 72
| deliveries4 = 246
| wickets4 = 8
| bowl avg4 = 28.37
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 2/15
| catches/stumpings4 = 7/–

| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/raghvi-bist-1255629 ESPNcricinfo
| date = 17 December
| year = 2024
}}
'''Raghvi Singh Bist''' (born 11 October 2004) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who plays for the [[Uttarakhand women's cricket team|Uttarakhand]] in domestic cricket as a right-hand batter and right-arm medium pace bowler.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1255629.html |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/2443312.html |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[CricketArchive]] |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref>

==Domestic career==
She plays domestic cricket for Uttarakhand. She made her [[List A cricket|List A]] debut against [[Assam women's cricket team|Assam]] in the [[2020–21 Senior Women's One Day Trophy]] on 12 March 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_List_A_Matches.html |title=Women's List A Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> She made her [[Women's Twenty20|Twenty20]] debut against [[Manipur women's cricket team|Manipur]] in the [[2019–20 Senior Women's T20 Trophy]] on 14 October 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_Twenty20_Matches.html |title=Women's Twenty20 Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> In December 2022, she scored a double century (219 off 154) against Nagaland U19 women's team in the Women's U19 one-day tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://haldwanilive.com/raghvi-bisht-scored-three-fifty-in-australia/ |title=उत्तराखंड की राघवी बिष्ट ने जड़ा ऐतिहासिक दोहरा शतक, पारी में लगाए 30 चौके, 4 छक्के |trans-title=Uttarakhand's Raghvi Bisht hit a historic double century, hitting 30 fours and 4 sixes in the innings |work=RajyaSameeksha |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> She became the third player overall, after [[Smriti Mandhana]] and [[Jemimah Rodrigues]], to hit a double century in the Women's U19 one-day tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/interviews/28275-interview-with-uttarakhands-raghvi-bist-double-centurion-who-admires-rohit-sharma.html |title=Interview with Uttarakhand's Raghvi Bist: Double Centurion who admires Rohit Sharma |work=Female Cricket |date=23 December 2022 |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref>

In August 2024, she was named in India A squad for the [[India women's cricket team in Australia in 2024–25#A team series|Australia tour]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/OPdzzIhF |title=India A Women's Squad for multi-format series against Australia A announced |work=BCCI |access-date=24 October 2024}}</ref> She scored three consecutive half century in unofficial ODIs against Australia A in that tour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://haldwanilive.com/raghvi-bisht-scored-three-fifty-in-australia/ |title=टिहरी की राघवी बिष्ट ने ऑस्ट्रेलिया दौरे को बनाया सफल, तीन मैचों में जड़े तीन अर्धशतक |trans-title=Tehri's Raghavi Bisht made the Australia tour successful, scored three half-centuries in three matches |work=Haldwani Live |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> She made her [[First-class cricket|first-class]] debut for India A against Australia A on 22 August 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-a-women-vs-india-a-women-2024-1443790/australia-a-women-vs-india-a-women-only-unofficial-test-1443800/match-report-day4 |title=Flintoff's double-strike secures Australia A four-day victory |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_First-Class_Matches.html |title=Women's First-Class Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> In the final of 2024 Women's Challenger Trophy she scored a half century (71 off 51) and their team (India E) won the title, and she awarded [[Player of the Match awards (cricket)|Player of the Match]] for her brilliant match-winning innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/women-cricket-news/56603-nandini-kashyap-and-raghvi-bist-guide-india-e-to-2024-challenger-trophy-win.html |title=Nandini Kashyap and Raghvi Bist guide India E to 2024 Challenger Trophy Win |work=Female Cricket |date=27 November 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> In December 2024, she was signed by [[Royal Challengers Bangalore (WPL)|Royal Challengers Bangalore]] at a price of ₹10 lakh to play for them in the [[2025 Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] auction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wplt20.com/players/raghvi-bist-wpl-profile-84247 |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[Women's Premier League (cricket)|WPL]] |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Sruthi |last=Ravindranath |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wpl-2025-auction-deandra-dottin-lauren-bell-raghvi-bist-and-others-to-watch-out-for-1464852 |title=WPL 2025 auction: Dottin, Bell, Bist and others to watch out for |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/whos-raghvi-bist-the-new-batting-sensation-from-uttarakhand-12172024-1734446317280 |title=Who's Raghvi Bist, the batting sensation from Uttarakhand picked by RCB |work=Cricket.com |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref>

==International career==
In August 2024, Bist was named in [[India women's national cricket team|India women's team]] as a non-travelling reserve for the [[2024 Women's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/jKTSq82Z |title=India's squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=17 December 2024 |date=27 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/womens-t20-worldcup/news/india-name-star-studded-squad-for-the-icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-2024 |title=India name star-studded squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 |work=International Cricket Council |date=27 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref>
In December 2024, she earned maiden call-up for national team along with her domestic teammate [[Nandini Kashyap]], for the T20I series [[West Indies women's cricket team in India in 2024–25|against West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-wi-women-2024-arundhati-reddy-dropped-kashyap-bist-rawal-handed-maiden-call-ups-1464853 |title=India drop Reddy; Kashyap, Bist, Rawal get maiden call-ups for West Indies series |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/T5XK2exz |title=India's squad for IDFC First Bank T20I & ODI series against West Indies announced |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/west-indies-tour-of-india-2024/57940-nandini-kashyap-and-raghvi-bist-earn-maiden-call-ups-to-indian-squad-for-west-indies-series.html |title=Nandini Kashyap and Raghvi Bist Earn Maiden Call-Ups to Indian Squad for West Indies series |work=Female Cricket |date=13 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref> She made her [[Women's Twenty20 International|Twenty20 International]] (T20I) debut against West Indies in the same series on 17 December 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1459892.html |title=IND Women vs WI Women at DY Patil- December 17, 2024 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/raghvi-bist-makes-her-debut-as-windies-choose-to-field-in-second-t20i-12172024-1734441977081 |title=Raghvi Bist makes her debut as Windies choose to field in second T20I |work=Cricket.com |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref> She scored unbeaten 31 runs in the third T20I against West Indies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/mandhana-praises-raghvi-richa-as-india-win-home-t20i-series-after-5-years-12192024-1734637346290 |title=Mandhana praises Raghvi, Richa as India win home T20I series after 5 years |work=Cricket.com |date=19 December 2024 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1255629}}
* {{cricketarchive|id=2443312}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bist, Raghvi}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand women cricketers]]
[[Category:Royal Challengers Bangalore (WPL) cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Twenty20 International cricketers]]

Poorna: Courage Has No Limit

2026-01-05T20:41:46Z

AnnettLevi9: fixes

{{short description|2017 Indian film directed by Rahul Bose}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Poorna
| image = Poorna poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Rahul Bose]]
| producer = Amit Patni Rahul Bose [[Meraj Shaikh]](Associate Producer)
| writer = [[Prashant Pandey]] Shreya Dev Verma
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = [[Malavath Purna]]
| starring = Aditi Inamdar S. Maria [[Harsha Vardhan]] Rahul Bose
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Salim–Sulaiman]] '''Score:''' Tanuj Tiku
| cinematography = Subhransu Das
| editing = Manan Mehta
| studio = [[PVR Pictures]] Rahul Bose Productions
| distributor = PVR Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|01|06|Palm Springs|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psfilmfest.org/2017-ps-film-festival/films-2017/poorna|title=Poorna | Palm Springs International Film Festival|website=www.psfilmfest.org}}</ref>|2017|3|31}}
| country = India
| runtime = 100 min
| language = Hindi English Telugu
}}
'''''Poorna''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[adventure film]] directed by [[Rahul Bose]]. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as [[Malavath Purna|Malavath Poorna]], the youngest girl to climb [[Mount Everest]]. The film was released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/poorna-is-an-incredible-story-beautifully-told-review-by-sarit-ray/story-fn9ox54USVgSgNQ91nV5GJ.html |title=Poorna is an incredible story, beautifully told: Review by Sarit Ray |date=31 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/poorna/movie-review/57895418.cms|title=Poorna Movie Review {4/5}: A small film that stands tall|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> The film was screened at the 2017 [[Palm Springs International Film Festival]] where it was nominated on the festival's list of "30 Best Feature Films."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Da Cunha |first1=Uma |title=2017 Brings Cheer For Indie Cinema: Is The Tide Turning? |url=http://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/NewsDetail/index/9/9957/2017-Brings-Cheer-For-Indie-Cinema-Is-The-Tide-Turning |work=The Citizen |date=15 February 2017}}</ref>

== Plot ==
[[Poorna Malavath]] (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu-speaking tribal family in [[Nizamabad district|Pakala, Nizamabad district]] in [[Telangana]]. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the honest secretary of the society, Dr. R.S. Praveen Kumar ([[Rahul Bose]]). The chief minister, [[N. Kiran Kumar Reddy]] ([[Harsha Vardhan]]), authorises her to go for Operation Everest along with a [[Dalit]] mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing [[Mount Everest]], headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan ([[Arif Zakaria]]), she treks to the mountains of [[Ladakh]] and [[Darjeeling]]. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of [[Mount Everest]] and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://telanganatoday.news/biopic-malavath-poorna-silver-screen |title=Biopic on Malavath Poorna set to hit the silver screen |date=11 January 2017 |work=Telangana Today|access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Aditi Inamdar as [[Malavath Purna|Poorna]]
*[[Rahul Bose]] as [[Repalle Shiva Praveen Kumar|Dr. R.S. Praveen Kumar]]
*Heeba Shah as Meena Gupta
*[[Dhritiman Chatterjee]] as Alexander
*S. Mariya as Priya
*[[Harsha Vardhan]] as [[N. Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
*Gyanendra Tripathi as Shekhar Babu
*Manoj Kumar as Anand
*Dr. Rayala Harischandra as Priya's father
*Lakshmi Kola as Poorna's mother
*[[Arif Zakaria]] as Colonel Khan
*D. Raju as Poorna's sister's husband
*Appaji Ambarisha Darbha as Teacher
*Keshav Deepak as G V Reddy
}}

== Production ==
[[Rahul Bose]] was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce ''Poorna'', raising funds in four months.<ref>{{cite news |title=Direction more fulfilling than acting: Rahul Bose |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/feb/28/direction-more-fulfilling-than-acting-rahul-bose-1575760.html |work=The Indian Express |date=28 February 2017}}</ref> Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period. Pakala is the village that the real-life Poorna grew up in.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Satija |first1=Garima |title=Everything You Need To Know About The Biopic on Poorna – The Youngest Girl To Climb Mt Everest |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-biopic-on-poorna-the-youngest-girl-to-climb-mt-everest-272036.html |work=The Times of India |date=22 February 2017}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==

{{Infobox album
| name = Poorna
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Salim–Sulaiman]]
| cover =
| caption =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|3|3}}{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:14
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The soundtrack of ''Poorna'' was composed by [[Salim–Sulaiman]] while the lyrics were written by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJW9t4gr4kM |title=Poorna – Full Movie Audio Jukebox |date=3 March 2017 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length ={{Duration|m=16|s=14}}
| title1 = Kuch Parbat Hilaayein
| extra1 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| length1 = 04:13
| title2 = Poori Qaaynaat
| extra2 = Raj Pandit & [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| length2= 04:48
| title3= Baabul Mora
| extra3= Arijit Singh
| length3= 03:33
| title4 = Kuch Parbat Hilaayein (Intimate)
| extra4 = [[Salim Merchant]]
| length4= 03:40
}}

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===

''Poorna'' received a positive response from the critics based on the reviews. Neil Soans of ''[[The Times of India]]'' appreciated the film saying, "Returning to a directorial capacity after 16 years, Rahul Bose recognizes the beauty in simplicity and uses it to the film's advantage. Grounded performances combined with stirring music elevate this relatively straightforward tale, making it essential viewing not only for the young Indian woman, but for anyone looking to scale great heights against all odds." and gave it a rating of 4 stars out of 5.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/poorna/movie-review/57895418.cms |title=A small film that stands tall |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Sarit Ray of ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'' praised the film saying, "Poorna shows you that incredible stories can be told simply. Bollywood can learn from that." and gave the film a rating of 4 stars out of 5.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/poorna-is-an-incredible-story-beautifully-told-review-by-sarit-ray/story-fn9ox54USVgSgNQ91nV5GJ.html |title=Poorna is an incredible story, beautifully told: Review by Sarit Ray |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=31 March 2017 }}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' lauded the movie by saying, "Fairytales do come true and the story of Poorna Malavath is the proof. Her biopic, directed by Rahul bose, does justice to the extraordinary story of a 13-year-old tribal girl climbing Mt Everest." and gave the film a rating of {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 5.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/poorna-movie-review-rahul-bose-mt-everest-star-rating-4591344/ |title=Poorna movie review: An inspirational, goosebump-inducing story |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=30 March 2017 }}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of ''[[NDTV]]'' said that, "Poorna is a rare Hindi film that travels to the heart of rural landscape. Even rarer is the use of a smattering of Telugu in the dialogues, which, along with an effective musical score, augments the authenticity of the film's setting and soundscape. It also draws enormous strength from the deeply affecting performances by newcomer Aditi Inamdar (in the role of the resolute Poorna) and Bose himself (as the unwavering mentor firm in his belief that it is his responsibility as a bureaucrat to facilitate positive change in the lives of the most disadvantaged)." and gave the film a rating of 3 stars out of 5.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/poorna-movie-review-rahul-boses-film-is-soulful-simple-3041 |title=Poorna Movie Review: Rahul Bose's Film Is Soulful, Simple |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Award Ceremony
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! Ref.(s)
|-
| [[10th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| Raag-Inspired Song of the Year
| "Poori Qaaynaat"
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/ |title=Nominations – Mirchi Music Awards 2017 |website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Film|Bollywood}}
*[[Himalayan Mountaineering Institute]]
*[[Vertical Limit]]
*[[127 Hours]]
*[[Cliffhanger (1993 film)|Cliffhanger]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2010s adventure drama films]]
[[Category:2017 biographical drama films]]
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2017 drama films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2017 thriller films]]
[[Category:Disaster films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about death]]
[[Category:Films about Mount Everest]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films based on non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Films scored by Salim–Sulaiman]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Nepal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Nepal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian adventure drama films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian disaster films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian survival films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Thriller films based on actual events]]
[[Category:PVR Inox Pictures films]]

Radhika Maira Tabrez

2026-01-04T20:34:24Z

AnnettLevi9: Article

{{short description|Indian writer and editor}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2024}}
'''Radhika Maira Tabrez''' is an Indian writer, editor, learning and development specialist, radio show host, and [[TED (conference)|Tedx]] speaker.
[[File:Radhika Maira Tabrez 02.jpg|thumb|Radhika Maira Tabrez]]

Her debut novel ''In The Light Of Darkness'' won the much-coveted Muse India – Satish Verma Young Writer Award in 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2017-01-06/Muse-India-Young-Writer-Awards-2016-declared/272355 | title=Muse India Young Writer Awards 2016 declared | date=7 January 2017 }}</ref> Her second novella, ''The Emancipation of Farzana Siddiqui'', was released in early 2019 to rave reviews. Radhika's stories and essays have appeared in over a dozen anthologies; the latest one being the first print edition of ''the other side of hope'' - an international collection of works by immigrants and refugees, supported by the Arts Council, UK, and the University of Leeds.

She was one of the Program Mentors for the Chevening Writers Series held in Malaysia in 2020.

Radhika holds an MBA from Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune (SIBM). During her time at SIBM, she became the first and till-date (2022) the only, female to be elected as President of the Students’ Council in almost 45 years of the Institute's history. Her Learning & Development experience runs across ITeS, Telecom, Travel and Tourism, and [[BFSI]] sectors. She volunteered with Gender Security Project (erstwhile The Red Elephant Foundation). She is the founder of Roots & Wings Programme – a skill and personality enhancement program for children which conducted many life skills and soft skills learning sessions for children and young adults in NTPC Townships in India. She was also a member of the Kalam Library Project, an initiative that aims at putting a free library within the reach of the village and small-town children.

== Writing career==
Radhika's writing journey started when some of her short stories won national-level competitions and were published in various anthologies. Some of Radhika's works have been published in 'UnBound - an eMagazine', Sankarak, Defiant Dreams, When They Spoke, Mock Stock and Quarrel, Parenting In The Times Of Pandemic, and the other side of hope.

She has been a speaker, panelist, and moderator at many literary festivals including [[Hyderabad Literary Festival]] (2016), [[Dhaka Lit Fest|Dhaka Literature Festival]] (2017), [[George Town Literary Festival|Georgetown Literature Festival]] (2020), and Ananke's Women Literature Festival (2021 and 2022) among many others. She has conducted guest lectures for Sophia College (Mumbai), Lady Shri Ram College for Women (Delhi), SIBM (Pune), SIBM (Bangalore) and SIBM (Hyderabad).

[[File:Radhika Maira Tabrez.jpg|thumb|Radhika Maira Tabrez]]

== Awards and recognition==
In 2018, she became the first Indian ever to speak at a TEDx event in Bangladesh. She won the Rising Stars India Award (2017), and 100 Most Inspiring Writers by Indian Awaaz (2018).

== Current Engagements==
Radhika works for the prestigious Western Canada Theatre, in Kamloops. She hosts a weekly show on CFBX (the alternative radio station of Kamloops), called New In The Loops, focusing on new immigrant experiences in Kamloops in particular, and in Canada in general. She was commissioned as an influencer by Tourism Kamloops, to write a series of blog articles for their website, highlighting Kamloops as a destination of choice for potential immigrants to Canada. She also volunteers for the Kamloops Festival of Performing Arts.

==Family ==
After short stints in Dhaka (Bangladesh), and Penang (Malaysia), Radhika and her family are now building a new home and life in sunny Kamloops in British Columbia, Canada.

== References ==
<references />

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tabrez, Radhika Maira}}
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

2020 Bengaluru Open

2026-01-02T21:34:43Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox tennis event|2020|Bengaluru Open|
| date= 10–16 February
| edition=4th
| draw=48S / 16D
| surface=[[Hardcourt|Hard]]
| location=[[Bangalore]], India
| champs={{flagicon|AUS}} [[James Duckworth (tennis)|James Duckworth]]
| champd={{flagicon|IND}} [[Purav Raja]] / {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]
| before_year=2018
| after_year=2022
}}
The '''2020 [[Bengaluru Open]]''' was a professional tennis tournament played on [[hard court]]s. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the [[2020 ATP Challenger Tour]]. It took place in [[Bangalore]], India from 10 to 16 February 2020.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/bengaluru-open-returns-to-atp-challenger-tour-after-a-years-gap-2130836 |title= Bengaluru Open Returns To ATP Challenger Tour After A Year's Gap |date=11 November 2019|accessdate=23 December 2024}}</ref>

==Singles main-draw entrants==

===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! width="70"| Country
! width="175"| Player
! Rank1
! Seed
|-
|<s>{{flag|LTU}}</s>
|<s>[[Ričardas Berankis]]</s>
|<s>73</s>
|<s>1</s>
|-
|{{flag|ITA}}
|[[Stefano Travaglia]]
|82
|2
|-
|{{flag|JPN}}
|[[Yūichi Sugita]]
|86
|3
|-
|{{flag|AUS}}
|[[James Duckworth (tennis)|James Duckworth]]
|96
|4
|-
|<s>{{flag|CZE}}</s>
|<s>[[Jiří Veselý]]</s>
|<s>107</s>
|<s>5</s>
|-
|{{flag|RUS}}
|[[Evgeny Donskoy]]
|109
|6
|-
|{{flag|IND}}
|[[Prajnesh Gunneswaran]]
|122
|7
|-
|{{flag|IND}}
|[[Sumit Nagal]]
|125
|8
|-
|{{flag|ITA}}
|[[Thomas Fabbiano]]
|134
|9
|-
|{{flag|CHN}}
|[[Zhang Zhizhen]]
|137
|10
|-
|{{flag|SLO}}
|[[Blaž Rola]]
|145
|11
|-
|{{flag|SRB}}
|[[Nikola Milojević (tennis)|Nikola Milojević]]
|148
|12
|-
|{{flag|BLR}}
|[[Ilya Ivashka]]
|152
|13
|-
|{{flag|EGY}}
|[[Mohamed Safwat]]
|157
|14
|-
|{{flag|BEL}}
|[[Kimmer Coppejans]]
|162
|15
|-
|{{flag|CZE}}
|[[Lukáš Rosol]]
|176
|16
|-
|{{flag|IND}}
|[[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]
|182
|17
|}
* 1 Rankings are as of 3 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles|title=Rankings | Singles | ATP Tour | Tennis|website=ATP Tour}}</ref>

===Other entrants===
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[S D Prajwal Dev]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun Kadhe]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} Adil Kalyanpur
* {{flagicon|IND}} Suraj Prabodh

The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Sebastian Fanselow]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} Manish Sureshkumar

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirudh Chandrasekar]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} Abhinav Sanjeev Shanmugam

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* {{flagicon|IND}} Rishi Reddy

==Champions==

===Singles===
{{main|2020 Bengaluru Open – Singles}}
* {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[James Duckworth (tennis)|James Duckworth]]''' def. {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Benjamin Bonzi]] 6–4, 6–4.

===Doubles===
{{main|2020 Bengaluru Open – Doubles}}
* {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Purav Raja]]''' / {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]''' def. {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Ebden]] / {{flagicon|IND}} [[Leander Paes]] 6–0, 6–3.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2020 ATP Challenger Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengaluru Open, 2020}}
[[Category:2020 ATP Challenger Tour]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Open|2020]]
[[Category:2020 in Indian tennis]]
[[Category:February 2020 sports events in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Bengaluru]]

Zafar Ali Khan

2025-12-30T22:33:30Z

AnnettLevi9: enhanced lead based on references

{{Short description|Poet and journalist (1874-1956)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Zafar Ali Khan
| image = Maulana Zafar Ali Khan.jpg
| caption = Zafar Ali Khan in 1937
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1873
| birth_place = Kot Marath, [[Sialkot District]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]] (today [[Pakistan]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1956|11|27|1873}}
| death_place = [[Wazirabad]], [[West Pakistan]], Pakistan
| occupation = Islamic scholar Poet Journalist
| relatives = [[Raja Mehdi Ali Khan]] (nephew)
| awards =
| imagesize =
| yearsactive =
| othername =
}}

[[File:Tomb of Mulana Zafar Ali Khan.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Zafar Ali Khan]]

'''Zafar Ali Khan'''{{Efn|{{langx|ur|{{nastaliq|ظفر علی خان}}|Ẓafar ʿAlī Khān}}}} (1873 – 27 November 1956) was a Pakistani writer, poet, translator and a journalist who used his journalism against the [[British rule]].<ref name="Daechsel2002">{{cite book|author=Markus Daechsel|title=Politics of Self-Expression|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HsZvwVAlnKIC&pg=PA64|access-date=4 July 2018|date=1 June 2002|publisher=Routledge|via= Google Books|isbn=978-1-134-38371-9|pages=64–}}</ref> He was one of the [[Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam]]'s founding members.<ref name="books.google.com">Ahmad, Syed N. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wzm36rEol3sC Origins of Muslim consciousness in India: a world-system perspective]''. New York u.a: Greenwood Press, 1991. p. 175</ref>

Well-versed in Islamic as well Western knowledge such as the latest trends in economics, sociology and politics, he has been considered as one of the fathers of [[Urdu]] journalism.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 2014 |title=Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (profile)|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/27-Nov-2014/maulana-zafar-ali-khan |newspaper=The Nation newspaper|access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Zafar was born in the [[Sialkot District]] in 1873 into a [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi]] family of the [[Muslim Rajputs|Rajput]] [[Janjua]] clan,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lord William|first1= Hunter|first2=Narayan |last2=Jagat
|date=1920 |title=Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vuk2AQAAMAAJ&dq=Jat+Janjuah&pg=PA253|volume=5|pages=253}}</ref> as per the contemporary report of 1920.

He received his early education at Mission High School, [[Wazirabad]], [[Wazirabad District]],<ref name="storyofpakistan">{{cite web|url=https://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-zafar-ali-khan/ |title=Profile of Zafar Ali Khan| website=Storyofpakistan.com website|date= 1 January 2007|access-date= 28 January 2024|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114154804/https://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-zafar-ali-khan/}}</ref> [[matriculate]]d (10th grade) from [[Patiala]], and passed his [[Faculty in Arts (certificate)|intermediate]] (12th grade) from the [[Aligarh Muslim University|Aligarh College]] in 1895. Next, he worked in the [[Post office|postal department]] of the princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], the same place where his father worked, but resigned over a row with his seniors.<ref name="storyofpakistan" /><ref name="Maulana Zafar Ali Khan 1874-1956">{{cite web |url=http://www.journalismpakistan.com/hall-detail.php?hallid=32&pageid=famed |title=Profile of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (1874–1956) |publisher=Journalismpakistan.com website |access-date=4 July 2018 |archive-date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705003934/http://www.journalismpakistan.com/hall-detail.php?hallid=32&pageid=famed |url-status=dead }}</ref> He rejoined Aligarh College and gained his BA degree from there; stood fifth in his batch.

== Career ==

=== Journalism ===
After graduation, Khan was appointed secretary to a Muslim political leader [[Mohsin-ul-Mulk]], then in [[Bombay]]. Then he worked for some time as a translator in [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]], [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], rising to the post of Secretary, Home Department. He returned from Hyderabad and took over the daily [[Zamindar (newspaper)|Zamindar]] newspaper from [[Lahore]] in 1908, founded by his father Maulvi Sirajuddin Ahmad in 1903. At one time, this newspaper was an important newspaper of the Punjab.<ref name=storyofpakistan/><ref name=cybercity/><ref name="Maulana Zafar Ali Khan 1874-1956"/><ref name="Jalal2000">{{cite book|author=Ayesha Jalal|title=Self and sovereignty: individual and community in South Asian Islam since 1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GI0ErXsHdR0C&pg=PA184|year=2000|isbn=978-0-415-22077-4|pages=184–|publisher=Psychology Press }}</ref>

=== Relation with the Ahmadiyya Movement ===
Zafar Ali Khan's relationship with the [[Ahmadiyya movement|Ahmadiyya]] was belligerent. He was among the vanguard, who censured Mirza Ghulam Ahmad from Qadian by writing satirical poems against him. He even wrote the preface to the book "His Holiness", which was written as a refutation of the Ahmadiyya movement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phoenix |title=His Holiness by Phoenix (Preface by Maulana Zafar Ali Khan) |url=https://ia904702.us.archive.org/29/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.216179/2015.216179.His-Holiness.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Later on, when Pakistan was created, he was an ardent participant in the 1953 Tehreek e Khatm e Nabuwat (a movement against the Ahmadis), writing articles against them.

=== Poetry ===
He chose to write in [[Urdu]]. Khan's interest in poetry began in his childhood. His poems have religious and political sentiments.<ref name="Daechsel2002" /> He was especially versed in impromptu compositions. His poetical output includes ''Baharistan'', ''Nigaristan'', and ''Chamanistan''. His other works are ''Marka-e-Mazhab-o-Science'', ''Ghalba-e-Rum'', ''Sayr-e-Zulmet'' and an opera ''Jang-e-Roos-o-Japan''.<ref name="cybercity" /><ref name="Kanda2005">{{cite book|author=K. C. Kanda |title=Masterpieces of patriotic Urdu poetry: text, translation, and transliteration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6eA4vjTOXsC&pg=PA161|date=1 January 2005|isbn=978-81-207-2893-6|pages=161–|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt.}}</ref>

==== Most popular Naats ====
* ''Woh Shama Ujalaa Jis Ne Kiya 40 Baras Tak Ghaaron Mein'' sung by [[Mehdi Hassan]], a [[Radio Pakistan]] production, a popular [[Naat]] written by Zafar Ali Khan<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mSS2CDcino, A popular Naat written by Zafar Ali Khan on YouTube]</ref>
* '{{lang|hi|Dil jis se zinda hai woh tamanna tum hi tau ho}}' sung by ''Muneeba Sheikh'', a [[Pakistan Television Corporation|Pakistan Television]] production, a popular [[Naat]] written by Zafar Ali Khan<ref>[https://www.musixmatch.com/lyrics/Muniba-Shaikh/Dil-Jis-Se-Zinda-Hai Zafar Ali Khan's Naat] sung by Muneeba Sheikh</ref>

==Death and legacy==
He died on 27 November 1956, and was buried in [[Wazirabad]], Punjab.<ref name=cybercity/> His funeral prayer was led by his companion and friend [[Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi]].<ref name=dawn>{{cite news|author=Rauf Parekh|title=Pakistani writers show renewed interest in Zafar Ali Khan's works|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/765179/pakistani-writers-show-renewed-interest-in-zafar-ali-khans-works|access-date=28 January 2024|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|url-status=dead|date=19 November 2012|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306103000/https://www.dawn.com/news/765179/pakistani-writers-show-renewed-interest-in-zafar-ali-khans-works}}</ref>[[File:The Founder with Maulana Zafar Ali Khan in Badshahi Mosque.png|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] with Maulana Zafar Ali Khan at [[Badshahi Mosque]] in 1940]]

Sahiwal Stadium, а multi-purpose stadium in [[Sahiwal]], Punjab, was renamed as [[Zafar Ali Stadium]] in his honour. It is used for football and cricket games. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

Zafar Ali Khan was an active member of the [[Khilafat Movement]] and a close associate of [[Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar]].<ref name=cybercity/>

[[S. M. Ikram]], a noted Pakistani scholar and historian writes about Zafar Ali Khan:
<blockquote>
"He was young, forceful and courageous, and enthusiastically responded to the new political trends. In his hands the Zamindar became the most influential Urdu daily of Northern India and his role in politics was second only to that of Ali Brothers and Abul Kalam Azad during the Khilafat movement".<ref name=storyofpakistan/>
</blockquote>

Later, he also served the [[Pakistan Movement]] and was an outspoken activist against [[British rule]].<ref name=cybercity/> Recognising Zafar Ali Khan's contributions to the [[Pakistan Movement]], the Punjab government in Pakistan established a 'Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Trust' that initiated the 'Zafar Ali Khan Award' for outstanding journalists to be awarded every year.<ref>[https://nation.com.pk/lahore/18-Jan-2012/139th-birth-anniversary-of-maulana-zafar-ali-khan-today 'Zafar Ali Khan Award' for outstanding journalists initiated] The Nation newspaper, published 18 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2024</ref> A public degree college in Wazirabad is named after him as Government Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Degree College.

===Commemorative postage stamp===
[[Pakistan Post]] issued a commemorative [[postage stamp]] in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.<ref name=cybercity>{{cite web|url=http://cybercity-online.net/pof/maulana_zafar_ali_khan.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122081557/http://cybercity-online.net/pof/maulana_zafar_ali_khan.html|title= Profile and commemorative postage stamp image of Zafar Ali Khan|website=Cybercity-online.net website|access-date= 28 January 2024}}</ref>

==Books==
Some of his notable publications include:

===Poetry===
*''Bahāristān''<ref name=cybercity/>
*''Nigāristān''<ref name=cybercity/>
*''Camanistān''<ref name=cybercity/>
*''Rahāristān''
*''Armag̲h̲ān-i Qādiyān''
*''Kulliyāt-i Maulānā Ẓafar ʻAlī K̲h̲ān''
*''Ḥabsiyāt''
*''Nashīd-i Shīrāz'', collection of [[Persian language|Persian]] poems and articles published in different periodicals
*''K̲h̲amistān-i Ḥijāz'', poetry about [[Muhammad]]

===Essays===
*''G̲h̲albah-yi Rūm: ek tārīk̲h̲ī tafsīr'', historical commentary of [[Ar-Rum|Sūrat ar-Rūm]] on the victory of Romans over the Persians and the Muslims over the Meccan polytheists as predicted by Koran in AD 615<ref name=cybercity/>
*''Taqārīr-i Maulānā Ẓafar ʻAlī K̲h̲ān̲'', speeches of the author, especially in regard with the [[Khilafat movement]]
*''Lat̤āʼifuladab'', on the relation between literature and Islam
*''Mʻaās̲h̲irat'', on the social sciences
*''Jamāluddīn Afg̲h̲ānī: yaʻnī itiḥād-i Islāmī ke muharrik-i aʻzīm, Misr, Ṭarkī, Īrān aur Hindūstān ke z̲arīʻah ʻalim-i Islām man̲'', biography of the Muslim reformer and independence fighter [[Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī]]

===Plays===
*''Jang-i Rus va Japān: yaʻnī ek tārīk̲h̲ī ḍrāmā'', a play on the [[Russo-Japanese War|Russian Japanese War]], (1904–1905)<ref name=cybercity/>

===Translations===
*''Jangal buk'', Urdu translation from the English of [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s ''[[Jungle Book]]''
*''Al-Farooq: the life of Omar the Great'', English translation from the Urdu of [[Shibli Nomani]]'s ''[[Al-Farooq (book)|Al-Farooq]]'', a biography of [[Umar]]

== See also ==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[[List of Pakistani journalists]]
*[[List of people on the postage stamps of Pakistan]]

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />[[File:Quaid-e-Azam with Maulana Zafar Ali Khan.jpg|thumb|[[Quaid-e-Azam]] with Maulana Zafar Ali Khan]]
Maulana would never miss a chance to snub the British government and the Heavens had provided him ample opportunities to carry out his sacred mission. Shaheed Ghazi Ilam Din had killed a blasphemous person and was sent to gallows in the [[Mianwali]] jail. The government buried him in Mianwali which infuriated the Muslims in Punjab. They protested and made a unanimous demand to bring Shaeed's body to [[Lahore]] but no one was prepared to give coverage to their voice as Hindus dominated most of the newspapers in the old Punjab before 1947. A large procession led by Lal Din Qaiser reached the office of [[Zamindar (newspaper)|Zamindar]] in 1903 newspaper which was the only hope for the Muslims at that time and succeeded in getting newspaper coverage for their event.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Pakistan Movement}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Zafar Ali}}
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:Pakistani male journalists]]
[[Category:Pakistani writers]]
[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Pakistani media personalities]]
[[Category:Indian people of World War II]]
[[Category:People from Wazirabad]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Founders of Majlis-e Ahrar-e Islam]]

Kandarpada metro station

2025-12-23T14:44:17Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Yellow Line 2A metro station}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kandarpada
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|कांदरपाडा}}}}
| style = Mumbai Metro
| style2 = Yellow
| image = Kandarpada metro station.jpg
| image_upright = 1.3
| image_caption =
| address = Kandarpada, Dahisar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400068
| coordinates = {{coord|19.2565999|N|72.8506506|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=title, inline}}
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|Line 2A|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform = 2 [[side platform]]
| owned = [[File:MMRDA logo cropped.svg|22px]] [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]
| operator = {{rint|Mumbai|m}} Maha Mumbai Metro Operation Corporation Ltd.
| tracks =
| parking = No
| bicycle =
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|April|02}}
| accessible =
| zone =
| code = '''203'''
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro|line=2A|right=Anand Nagar|left=Mandapeshwar}}
| route_map = {{MM Line 2}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|Line 2}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Kandarpada''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Line 2 (Mumbai Metro)|Yellow Line 2A]] of the [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India. This metro station is located on CS Link Road in [[Dahisar]], Mumbai. This station is owned by the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]] (MMRDA), and was inaugurated on 2 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro: Line 2A, Line 7 launched, check routes, station details here |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-metro-line-2a-line-7-launches-check-routes-station-details-here-3018021 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-20 |title=Mumbai Metro's 2A & 7 Lines to Cover Andheri to Dahisar in Just 75 Minutes {{!}} Know Fare, Routes as Ops Begin Today |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mumbai-metros-2a-7-lines-to-cover-andheri-to-dahisar-in-just-75-minutes-know-fare-routes-as-ops-begin-today-6877861.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
J Kumar Infraprojects was awarded the contract to construct the station in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 August 2016 |title=Tainted J Kumar Infraporjects bags Dahisar-DN Nagar Metro 2A project |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015125202/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773 |archive-date=15 October 2016 |access-date=14 October 2016 |website=dna}}</ref> The MMRDA announced that electrification of the line had been completed on 26 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2021 |title=MMRDA to conduct test run for two elevated Metro lines next week |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/mmrda-to-conduct-test-run-for-two-elevated-metro-lines-next-week/articleshow/82979298.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en |agency=IANS}}</ref>

Kandarpada was opened to the public on 2 April 2022, along with the first phase of Line 2A.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=Mumbai: Phase 1 of Metro Line 2A and 7 opened for public |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-8-pm-today-phase-1-of-metro-line-2a-7-to-be-thrown-open-to-public-7850274/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Mumbai Metro: These 2 lines to get operational today. Check route, other details |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-metro-rail-lines-2a-7-to-get-operational-today-check-route-other-details-11674107578757.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=4;|'''2nd Floor'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|→}} towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 2A|Right}} ([[Anand Nagar metro station (Mumbai)|Anand Nagar]]) →
|-
| height=45|'''Platform 2'''
| ← towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 2A|Left}} ([[Mandapeshwar metro station|Mandapeshwar]])
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="vertical-align:top"|'''1st Floor'''
|style="vertical-align:top"|Mezzanine
|style="vertical-align:top"|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=50 |'''Ground'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=100 |Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=420 |Exit/Entrance
|}

=== Power and signaling system ===
Like all other stations and railways of [[Mumbai Metro|Mumbai metro]], Kandarpada station also uses 25,000 volt AC power system by [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]] to operate the trains.

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 2=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]
[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]

Bhadreshdas Swami

2025-12-03T05:14:45Z

AnnettLevi9: adding info

{{Short description|Indian monk and Sanskrit scholar (born c. 1966)}}
{{pp-sock|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| honorific_prefix = [[Mahamahopadhyaya]]
| name = 
| honorific_suffix =
| image = BhadreshdasSwami-portrait.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{circa|1966}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality =
| awards = [[Saraswati Samman]] (2024)
| education = [[Ph.D.]], [[D. Litt.]]
| alma_mater = Karnataka University; [[Sampurnanand Sanskrit University|Sampurnanand Sanskrit University (Benaras)]]; [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust|Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan (Mumbai)]]
| notable_works = Swaminarayan Bhashyam, Swaminarayan Siddhanta Sudha
| honours = Darshankesari, Vedant Martand (Silpakorn University), Abhinav Bhashyakar (Somnath Sanskrit University), Mahamahopadhyaya, Vedant Prakash (Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University)
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| era =
| school_tradition = Swaminarayan Hinduism
| institutions = BAPS Swaminarayan Research Institute, New Delhi. BAPS Swaminarayan Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya and Yagnapurush Sanskrit
Pathshala, Sarangpur, Gujarat
| main_interests =
| notable_ideas =
| website = {{URL|www.baps.org}}
}}
''[[Mahamahopadhyaya]]'' '''Bhadreshdas Swami''' is a [[Sanskrit]] scholar and an ordained monk of the [[Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha]] (BAPS).<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |title = Enlightening lecture on Vedas by Bhadreshdas Swami |agency=India Post News Service |url = https://www.indiapost.com/enlightening-lecture-on-vedas-by-bhadreshdas-swami/|access-date = 15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Shastri|first1=Parch|title=Manuscripts shed light on Yoga history in the region |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Manuscripts-shed-light-on-Yoga-history-in-the-region/articleshow/47750592.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 December 2015}}</ref> In 2007 he completed the ''Swaminarayan Bhashyam'', a five-volume classical Sanskrit commentary on the [[Prasthanatrayi]]. This commentary on three of Hinduism's most notable texts: the [[Upanishads]], [[Bhagavad Gita]], and the [[Brahma Sutras|Brahma sutras]], forms the interpretive foundation of the philosophy of Akshar Purushottam [[Hindu philosophy|darshana]], also known as Swaminarayan darshana, illuminating the Vedic roots of the [[Akshar Purushottam Upasana|Akshar Purushottama philosophy]], which was propagated by the 19th-century Hindu leader, [[Swaminarayan]] and later by [[Shastriji Maharaj]].

The commentary discusses the basis of the five "eternal entities" - Jiva, Ishwar, Maya, Brahma and Parabrahman - as expounded by Swaminarayan. It also expands on the concept of [[Aksharbrahm]]a and [[para brahman|Parabrahman]] as well as the attainment of liberation ([[moksha]]) through devotion ([[bhakti]]) and worship ([[upasana]]).<ref name=":7">{{cite web |url=http://www.baps.org/News/2013/Swaminarayan-Bhashyam---A-Unique-Scriptural-Commentary-on-the-Prasthantrayi-5165.aspx |title=Swaminarayan Bhashyam - a unique scriptural commentary on the Prasthantrayi |publisher=BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha |access-date=4 November 2015 }}{{self-published inline|date=August 2017}}</ref> Following the tradition of the classical Sanskrit commentaries by [[Shankaracharya]], [[Ramanujacharya]], and [[Madhvacharya]], the ''Swaminarayan Bhashyam'' is the second classical Sanskrit commentary on the entire [[Prasthanatrayi]] to have been completed by anyone in the last several centuries.<ref name=":8">{{cite web |title = Scripture: Guru's grace empowers philosophical treatise |edition=Magazine Web |date=April–June 2014 |work=Hinduism Today Magazine |url = https://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=5495 |access-date = 4 November 2015}}</ref>

After receiving a Ph.D. in Sanskrit from Karnakata University in 2005, he was awarded a [[D. Litt.]] in 2010 and the [[Mahamahopadhyaya]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.univie.ac.at/indologie/oracle/publication_info.cgi?from=menue&todo=show_info&per_id=300&pub_id=38849&hide_sub_menu=1&active_men_id=560|title=DIP: Das 2011-2012 (2012)|year=2012|website=www.univie.ac.at|access-date=27 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105170954/http://www.univie.ac.at/indologie/oracle/publication_info.cgi?from=menue&todo=show_info&per_id=300&pub_id=38849&hide_sub_menu=1&active_men_id=560|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> honorific by [[Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University]] in [[Nagpur, India]]. The [[University of Mysore]] also awarded him the "Professor G.M. Memorial Award" and the "Darshankesari award" in 2013 for his work on Swaminarayan [[Vedanta]].<ref name=":9">{{cite web |title = International Vedic Conference |url = http://www.internationalvedicconference.com/speakers.php |website = www.internationalvedicconference.com |access-date = 4 November 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150623205637/http://internationalvedicconference.com/speakers.php |archive-date = 23 June 2015 |url-status = dead }}</ref> He currently serves as the head scholar ("Pradhānācārya") of the Yagnapurush Sanskrit Pathshala in [[Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh|Sarangpur]], [[Gujarat]], where the students are instructed by him in [[philosophy]], [[nyaya]] [[darśana]], [[vedas]], the Paninian [[Sanskrit grammar|grammar of Sanskrit]] and [[Indian classical music]].<ref name=":9" />

== Early life ==
Bhadreshdas Swami was initiated as a renunciant (swami) of the [[Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha|BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha]] by his guru [[Pramukh Swami Maharaj]] in 1981 at the age of 14,<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8"/> Afterwards, he attended the BAPS seminary for swamis in [[Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh|Sarangpur]], [[Gujarat]], where he learned Swaminarayan [[Vedanta]] as well as the philosophical system of logic ([[nyaya]]) and Sanskrit grammar ([[Vyākaraṇa|vyakaran]]).<ref name=":8" />

== Education ==
Bhadreshdas Swami received five M.A. degrees in [[Sanskrit]] and Shad Darshanas from [[Sampurnanand Sanskrit University]], in [[Varanasi|Benaras, India]], and [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust|Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] in [[Mumbai]], India in 1996.<ref name=":7" /> In 2005, he received his Ph.D. from [[Karnataka University]], based on his dissertation on the [[Bhagavad Gita]].<ref name=":9" />

== Scholarly work ==
Bhadreshdas Swami has conducted extensive research{{clarify|date=August 2017}} on the ''Upanishads'' and the ''Bhagavad Gita''.<ref name=":9" /> He was a project committee member of the Maharshi Sandipani Rashtriya Ved-vidya Pratishthan (MSRVVP).<ref name=":6" /> He also serves as an advisor to students of Sanskrit and Hindu philosophy in his roles as a professor at the [[Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha|BAPS]] Swaminarayan Research Institute in [[New Delhi]], and [[Shree Somnath Sanskrit University]] in [[Veraval|Veraval, Gujarat]].<ref name=":9" /> Bhadreshdas Swami also serves as the head scholar at the Yagnapurush Sanskrit Pathshala in [[Sarangpur, Gujarat]], where he instructs students in [[philosophy]], [[Nyāya Sūtras|Nyaya Darshana]], [[Vedas]], the Paninian [[Sanskrit grammar|grammar of Sanskrit]] and [[Indian classical music]] composed for the [[tabla]], [[flute]] and [[violin]].<ref name=":9" /> His administrative roles include service on the managing committee of the BAPS Swaminarayan Research Institute at [[Akshardham (Delhi)|Akshardham]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=":9" /> He is currently writing commentaries on the [[Vedas]].<ref name=":6" />

=== ''Swaminarayan Bhashyam'' ===
[[File:SwaminarayanBhashyam2.jpg|400px|right|Swaminarayan Bhashyam]]
The ''Swaminarayan Bhashyam'' is a commentary (or bhashya), on the ten [[Upanishads]], the [[Bhagavad Gita]] and the [[Brahma sutras]], which are collectively referred to as the [[prasthanatrayi]] (three sources).<ref name=":7" /> It is composed in the traditional commentarial style of the classical Sanskrit commentaries written by [[Shankaracharya]], [[Ramanujacharya]], and [[Madhvacharya]].<ref name=":7" /> Just as these commentaries establish the vedantic schools of thought of their respective acharyas, the ''Swaminarayan Bhashyam'' elaborates Swaminarayan's philosophical principles seen in the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma sutras.<ref name=":8" />

The commentary is the first of its scope written in the 21st century.<ref name=":7" /> Through a careful study of every verse (shloka) in the three sources, it establishes a basis for the five "eternal realities" expounded by [[Swaminarayan]] in the [[Vachanamrut]], namely: [[Jiva]] (soul/life), Ishwar ([[deity]]), Maya, Aksharbrahma ([[Brahman]]) and Parabrahman ([[Parabrahman]]).<ref name=":7" /> It clarifies the relationship of Aksharbrahman to Parabrahman and Swaminarayan's principle for attaining liberation through the practice of bhakti and upasana.<ref name=":7" />

==== Creation of the ''Swaminarayan Bhashyam'' ====
[[File:BhadreshSwami1.jpg|400px|right|alt=|Bhadreshdas Swami presenting the Swaminarayan Bhashyam to Pramukh Swami Maharaj]]

After earning his doctorate in Sanskrit, Bhadreshdas Swami was asked by his guru, [[Pramukh Swami Maharaj]] in 2005 to write a Sanskrit commentary on the Prasthanatrayi.<ref name=":8" /> Bhadreshdas worked on the commentary in a small room located in the basement of the BAPS seminary of [[Sarangpur, Gujarat]], India.<ref name=":8" /> In June 2007, the village of Sarangpur was struck by a flash flood, inundating his workspace and resulting in the loss of approximately 2500 pages of his original work and notes.<ref name=":8" /> These notes contained information regarding the acharyas' arguments and definitions of philosophical components and the initial chapters of the Brahmasutra Bhashyam.<ref name=":8" /> His deadline for completing the Bhashyam, the centenary celebration of the [[Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha|BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha]] in December 2007, was six months away but his original work was unsalvageable.<ref name=":8" /> With the deadline fast approaching, Pramukh Swami Maharaj gave Bhadreshdas Swami blessings to start over.<ref name=":8" /> Working approximately 20 hours per day, he completed the ''Swaminarayan Bhashyam'' on schedule.<ref name=":8" /> On 17 December 2007, at the BAPS Centenary Celebrations in [[Ahmedabad]], Bhadreshdas presented the completed five-volume 2,150-page work to his guru.<ref name=":8" />

==== Critical reception ====
[[File:Swaminarayan_Bhashyam.jpg|400px|right|Swaminarayan Bhashyam]]
The work has since been regarded by scholars of Indian philosophy as a significant commentary in the Prasthantrayi commentary tradition. Philosophy professor S.P. Dubey from the [[University of Jabalpur]] considers it to be the fifteenth major commentary in the tradition of Brahmasutra commentaries, which dates back to Shankaracharya (788-820 CE).<ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=https://swaminarayan.org/news/2010/07/delhiresearchinstitute/index.htm|title=Inauguration of BAPS Research Institute|website=swaminarayan.org|access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref>

Krishnamurti Shastri from the Maharshi Sandipani Rashtriya Veda Vidya Pratishthan of India says that the "poetic commentary presents new insights into the secrets of Vedanta in comparison to any previous views on the subject".<ref name=":11">{{cite news |author=Harish Rao |title = Steny Hoyer honors Hindu scriptures at Capitol Hill |url = https://www.indiapost.com/steny-hoyer-honors-hindu-scriptures-at-capitol-hill/ |work=[[India Post]] |access-date = 4 November 2015}}</ref>

N. Radhakrishna Bhat, Sanskrit professor at the [[Karnataka State Open University]], has stated, "By reading this commentary we will come to the conclusion that the Swaminarayan tradition is an independent one on Akshar Purushottama Siddhanta based on the Vedic tradition which is quite ancient. It is quite a different one and has its own specialty. It greatly differs from [[Ramanuja]]'s ''[[Vishishtadvaita]]'', [[Vallabha Acharya|Vallabhadeva]]'s ''[[Suddhadvaita]]'' and the philosophy of [[Madhva]], [[Nimbarka]] etc. It brings out greatly the special features and principles of the Siddhanta very effectively… in accordance to the eternal Vedic principles conveyed by Bhagwan Shri Swaminarayana and the enlightened [[Guru]]parampara."<ref name=":10" />

V.S. Vishnu Potty, of the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Culture at the [[Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya]], states that "this new interpretation opens our eyes to a new horizon in this field of knowledge, in an objective manner."<ref name=":10" />

The dean of the Arts faculty at the [[University of Delhi]] has stated that "This volume is prepared in faultless Sanskrit and a lucid style. Swaminarayan Bhashya is really a distinct contribution through a fresh approach to the old Brahmasutra commentaries...It is my sincere opinion that the BrahmaSutra Swaminarayan Bhashya is a well-researched work. I believe, Brahmasutra Swaminarayan Bhashya will be an important addition to the field of Vedanta philosophy and will be warmly received in India and abroad."<ref name=":10" />

The work was also added into the [[Library of Congress]] by Democratic whip [[Steny Hoyer]]. During this ceremony, Hoyer said that "Surely these commentaries written by [Bhadreshdas Swami] will bring peace and blessings to the millions who will read and benefit from them".<ref name=":11" />

==== Acclamation by Shri Kashi Vidvat Parisad ====
On 31 July 2017, Bhadreshdas Swami and his work on the Swaminarayan-Siddhant-Sudha was acknowledged by the Shri Kashi Vidvat Parisad.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.baps.org/News/2017/Swaminarayansiddhantasudha-Acclamation-by-the-%E2%81%A0%E2%81%A0%E2%81%A0%C5%9Ar%C4%AB-K%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%AB-Vidvat-Parisad-11826.aspx|title='Swaminarayansiddhantasudha' Acclamation by the ⁠⁠⁠Śrī Kāśī Vidvat Parisad|website=BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha|access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> Throughout India, the Shri Kashi Vidvat Parisad is an authoritative council on all matters pertaining to [[Vedas|Vedic]] dharma and philosophy.

The council's gathering was marked by four declarations:

First, that the [[Prasthanatrayi]] [[Swaminarayan]] Bhashyam and the Swaminarayan-[[Siddhanta|Sidhhant]]-Sudha are sacred texts on [[Para Brahman|Parabrahman]] Swaminarayan's revealed Akshar Purshottam Darshana; and that these sacred texts are in every manner the protectors of the eternal Vedic religious tradition.<ref name=":1" />

Second, that Bhadreshdas Swami is an [[acharya]] and a contemporary commentator in the lineage of commentators on the Prasthanatrayi.<ref name=":1" />

Third, that within philosophy, it is valid to identify Swaminarayan's Vedanta by the title ''Akshar-Purshottam Darshana''.<ref name=":1" />

Fourth, that all members of the Shri Kashi Parisad endorse the [[Akshar Purushottam Upasana|Akshar Purshottam]] Siddhant, revealed by Parabrahma Swaminarayan as distinct from Advaita, Vishistadvaita, and all other doctrines and is indeed a Vedic Siddhanta.<ref name=":1" />

=== Swaminarayan Siddhanta Sudha ===
On 17 September 2017, [[Mahant Swami Maharaj]] inaugurated the Swaminarayan-Siddhanta-Sudha, a text authored by Bhadreshdas. This text is a vadagrantha, or a formal exposition, justification and defense of the philosophical and theological positions of a darshan. This specific vadagrantha is composed on the [[Akshar Purushottam Upasana|Akshar-Purshottam]] [[Hindu philosophy|Darshan]]. It presents a sophisticated treatment of the philosophical principles of Bhagwan Swaminarayan.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Declaration of Bhagwan Swaminarayan's teachings as the Akshar-Purshottan Darshan|journal=The South Asian Times|volume=10|pages=B15}}</ref>

=== Awards ===
In recognition of his work on the commentary, the [[Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit University]] in [[Nagpur]], India, awarded Bhadreshdas Swami a [[D. Litt.]] in 2010, then in 2012, the title [[Mahamahopadhyaya]]<ref name=":0" /> (an honorific recognition awarded by the Indian government to prestigious scholars), the highest academic honor bestowed by that institution.<ref name=":7" /> He has also received the "Professor G.M. Memorial Award" from the [[University of Mysore]] and the "Darshankesari award" in 2013 for this work.<ref name=":9" /> At the [[World Sanskrit Conference]] in Bangkok in 2015, he was awarded the "Vedant Martand Sanman" by [[Silpakorn University]] in Thailand.<ref name=vicharan>{{cite web|title = HH Pramukh Swami Maharaj's Vicharan|date=6 July 2015|url = https://www.baps.org/Vicharan/2015/06-July-2015-8189.aspx|website = BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha|access-date = 4 November 2015}}{{self-published inline|date=August 2017}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book|title = Swaminarayan Bhashyam : Brahmasutra Swaminarayan Bhashyam|lccn=2011432134|publisher = Aksharpith|isbn = 978-8175261181|last = Bhadreshdas|first = Sadhu|author-link = Sadhu Bhadreshdas|location = Amdavad|year = 2009}}
* {{Cite book|title =Upanishat Swaminarayan bhashyam : Ishadyashtopanishad Swaminarayan bhashyam |lccn=2011432133|publisher = Aksharpith|isbn = 978-8175263062|last = Bhadreshdas|first = Sadhu|author-link = Sadhu Bhadreshdas|location = Amdavad|year = 2009}}
* {{Cite book|title =Swaminarayan bhashyam : Shrimad Bhagavad Gita Swaminarayan bhashyam |lccn=2011432126|publisher = Aksharpith|isbn = 9788175265165|last = Bhadreshdas|first = Sadhu|author-link = Sadhu Bhadreshdas|location = Amdavad|year = 2012}}
* {{Cite book|title =Swaminarayan bhashyam : Chhandogyopanishad Swaminarayan bhashyam |lccn=2011432128|publisher = Aksharpith|isbn = 9788175265318|last = Bhadreshdas|first = Sadhu|author-link = Sadhu Bhadreshdas|location = Amdavad|year = 2012}}
* {{Cite book |title =Swaminarayan bhashyam : Bruhadaranyakopanishad Swaminarayan bhashyam |lccn=2011432125|publisher = Aksharpith|isbn = 9788175265325|last = Bhadreshdas|first = Sadhu| year=2012 |author-link = Sadhu Bhadreshdas|location = Amdavad}}
* {{cite journal|title=Mukti Mīmāṃsā|journal=Journal of the Ananthacharya Indological Research Institute|first=Mahamahopadhyaya Sadhu Bhadresh|last=Das|volume=10|year=2012}} catalogued at {{Cite web|title = DIP: Das 2011-2012 (2012)|url = http://www.univie.ac.at/indologie/oracle/publication_info.cgi?from=menue&todo=show_info&per_id=300&pub_id=38849&hide_sub_menu=1&active_men_id=560|website = www.univie.ac.at|access-date = 27 December 2015|year = 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160105170954/http://www.univie.ac.at/indologie/oracle/publication_info.cgi?from=menue&todo=show_info&per_id=300&pub_id=38849&hide_sub_menu=1&active_men_id=560|archive-date = 5 January 2016|url-status = dead}}
* {{Cite book|edition = 1st|title = Essence of the Upanishads: The Wisdom of the Ancient Rishis|publisher = Swaminarayan Aksharpith|date = 1 June 2012|isbn = 9788175263529|oclc=820817846|first1 = Sadhu|last1 = Bhadreshdas|first2 = Sadhu|last2 = Paramvivekdas}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swami, Bhadreshdas}}
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Sampurnanand Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]

Dehu

2025-11-12T09:22:59Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{other places}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dehu
| other_name = Dehugaon
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Gatha_temple.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Gatha Temple
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.72|N|73.77|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Urban
| governing_body = Nagar Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 594
| population_total = 50308
| population_as_of = 2015
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Punekar, Puneri, Puneite
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = MH 12, MH 14
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Dehu''' is a town in the [[Pune district]], India. It is known for being the abode of [[Sant Tukaram]].

The Tukaram Palakhi heading towards the town of [[Pandharpur Wari|Pandharpur]] originates from Dehu in the month of ''[[Ashadha|Ashadh]].''

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/556326-dehu-maharashtra.html|title=Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, Villages and Towns (Provisional)|publisher=Census Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|access-date=2008-11-01}}</ref> Dehu had a population of 50,308  of which 27,669 are males while 22,638 are females. Dehu has an average literacy rate of 88.64%, higher than the national average of 74.04'''%''': male literacy is 92.79% and, female literacy is 84.22%. In Dehu, 10.76% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/556326-dehu-maharashtra.html|title=Dehu City Population Census 2011 - Maharashtra|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref> Kalokhe (Patil), More (Inamdar), Chavan (Patil), Hagavne are famous and old surnames in Dehu.

==Sant Tukaram==
[[Sant (religion)|Sant]] [[Tukaram]] lived in Dehu. His temple is located on the banks of the Indrayani river.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myguru.in/The-Sant-Tukaram.htm|title=Sant Tukaram details: Sant Tukaram information|last=MyGuru|website=www.myguru.in|language=en|access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sagarworld.com/blog/sant-tukaram/|title=TUKARAM (SANT)|date=2017-03-08|work=Sagar World|access-date=2017-10-17|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tukaram.com/|title=Tukaram 17th century Marathi poet - Dehu, Pune, Maharashtra, India.|website=tukaram.com|access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref> This temple was constructed by his younger son Narayanbaba in 1723. A rock (pashan, samadhi) where Saint Tukaram was on fast is also here.

Important Places associated with Tukaram in Dehu are:
*Tukaram Maharaj Janm Sthan Temple, Dehu – place where Tukaramji was born, around which a temple was built later
*Saint Tukaram Vaikunthstan Temple, Dehu – from where Tukaramji ascended to Vaikunth in his mortal form; there is a nice ghat behind this temple along the Indrayani river
*Saint Tukaram Maharaj Gatha Mandir, Dehu – modern structure; massive building housing a big statue of [[Tukaram]]; In the Gatha temple, about 4,000 abhangs (verses) created by Tukaram maharaj were carved on the walls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gathamandir.com/Inner/About_Saint_Tukaram.html|title=Gatha Mandir - About Saint Tukaram}}</ref>

===Indrayani River===
Indrayani river flows through Dehu which later flows through [[Alandi]]. The place where Lord Vitthal gave blessings to Saint Tukaram, which is now the main temple in Dehu consisting of the 'Swayambhu' (self-existing) idols of Lord Vitthal and goddess Rakhumai is situated on the banks of river Indrayani. The region of Dehu is known as a 'Sri Kshetra' as it holds the self existing idols of Lord Vishnu and Lakshmi in the form of Vitthal and Rukhmini respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maharashtramaza.info/cities/cultural-pune/pune-tourist-places/dhehu-and-alandi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027153220/http://www.maharashtramaza.info/cities/cultural-pune/pune-tourist-places/dhehu-and-alandi|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 October 2010|title=Dehu and Alandi - Sovereign Maharashtra|website=www.maharashtramaza.info|access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Indrayani-River-50968.htm|title=Indrayani River in India|access-date=2017-10-17|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Neighbourhoods of Pune}}
{{Pune district topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pune district]]

Radha Tantra

2025-10-11T06:34:37Z

AnnettLevi9:

{{short description|Tantric text based on Hindu goddess Radha}}
{{Infobox religious text
|image = Krishna humbly standing before an enthroned Radha. Chromolit Wellcome V0045022.jpg
|caption = Chromolithograph depicting an enthroned Radha as the supreme goddess and Krishna standing as her subordinate
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|language = [[Sanskrit]]
|verses = 1,745
|chapters = 37
|name=Radha Tantra
|period=Satyuga (Conversation between Bhagwan Shiva and Mata Parvati}}
{{Hindu scriptures}}
The '''''Radha Tantra''''' ({{Langx|sa|राधा तंत्र|translit=Rādhātantram}}), also known as '''''Vāsudevarahasya''''' ([[Vāsudeva]]'s secret) is a [[Tantras (Hinduism)|Tantric scripture]] from [[Bengal]] that deals with the story of [[Radha-Krishna]] in the backdrop of [[Vrindavan]]. The scripture is written in the [[Sanskrit]] language and is dedicated to the goddess [[Radha]]. The Radha Tantra is a [[Shaktism|Shakta]] text, despite its direct association with the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] deities Radha and [[Krishna]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Broo |first=Mans |url=http://archive.org/details/the-radha-tantra-a-critical-edition-and-annotated-translation-9781138892361-113889236x |title=Rādhā Tantra - A critical edition and annotated translation |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2017 |pages=1–2 |language=en}}</ref>

In the text, Radha is the ''[[Prakṛti|Prakriti]]-Padmini,'' who is another form or expansion of [[Mahavidya]] [[Tripura Sundari]], while Krishna is identified as a masculine form of [[Kali]].<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Frazier |first=Jessica |title=Becoming the Goddess: Female Subjectivity and the Passion of the Goddess Radha |date=2010 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6833-1_13 |work=New Topics in Feminist Philosophy of Religion: Contestations and Transcendence Incarnate |pages=199–215 |editor-last=Anderson |editor-first=Pamela Sue |access-date=2023-07-01 |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-6833-1_13 |isbn=978-1-4020-6833-1|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Contrary to the theology of Vaishnavism, this text elevates the goddess as the Supreme Being. Besides being mentioned as the independent goddess, a mentor, and spiritual guru of Krishna, Radha in this text is also portrayed as the partner of Krishna who always has the upper hand in their relationship, giving her the new identity of ''Shakta Radha'' (Radha as a goddess of the Shaktism sect).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Manring |first=Rebecca J. |title=Rādhātantram: Rādhā as Guru in the Service of the Great Goddess |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11407-019-09264-1 |journal=[[International Journal of Hindu Studies]] |year=2019 |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=259–282 |doi=10.1007/s11407-019-09264-1 |s2cid=213054011 |issn=1022-4556|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Beck |first=Guy L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0XqbG0LKBUC&dq=radha+tantra&pg=PA19 |title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity |date=2012-02-01 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-8341-1 |pages=19–25 |language=en}}</ref>

== Date ==
The exact date of composition of the Radha tantra is uncertain, but its estimated time of composition lies somewhere in between 17th century to 18th century. The oldest extant manuscript (No. 13894, held at Sanskrit College, [[Kolkata]]) is dated 1778 CE. It appears to be a copy of an earlier manuscript. Most of the other manuscripts date from the early eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Manring |first=Rebecca J. |title=Rādhātantram: Rādhā as Guru in the Service of the Great Goddess |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11407-019-09264-1 |journal= International Journal of Hindu Studies|year=2019 |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=259–282 |doi=10.1007/s11407-019-09264-1 |s2cid=213054011 |issn=|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Origin ==
Radha tantra is an anonymous Tantric text from Bengal region. While most manuscripts of the scripture are found in Bengal region, some manuscripts are also found in [[Odisha|Orissa]], North India, [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]] and their number is fairly large.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/the-radha-tantra-a-critical-edition-and-annotated-translation-9781138892361-113889236x |title=the-radha-tantra-a-critical-edition-and-annotated-translation-9781138892361-113889236x}}</ref>

== Structure ==
Rādhātantram is a fairly extensive Tantric work in Sanskrit. It has thirty-seven chapters or Patalas (“coverings”) with 1,745 verses.<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
Radha Tantra is [[Shaktism|Shakta]] text giving a Shakta reinterpretation of a [[Vaishnavism|Vaisnavite]] story of [[Radha Krishna]]. The Rādhātantram text bears formal resemblance to the [[Mahavidya]] genre and contextual resemblance to the [[Vaishnava Sahajiya]] genre.<ref name=":1" /> The frame of the Rādhātantram is a dialogue between [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]] where Shiva narrates her the love story and divine pastimes of Radha Krishna and their real spiritual forms. In Radha tantra, Radha becomes the independent goddess and elevates to the stature of Supreme goddess and Krishna's ultimate [[guru]]. Krishna here becomes her disciple.The Rādhātantram can serve as a tool to examine textual and doctrinal appropriations that took place between Vaishavism and Shaktism in precolonial Bengal.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/the-radha-tantra-a-critical-edition-and-annotated-translation-9781138892361-113889236x |title=Radha Tantra |pages=13–18}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu tantric texts]]
[[Category:Shaktism]]

Malhar (disambiguation)

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AnnettLevi9:

{{wikt|मल्हार|hi:मलार|sa:मल्लार}}
'''[[Malhar]]''' is a Hindustani classical raga.

'''Malhar''' may also refer to:
* [[Malhar (family of ragas)]]
* [[Malhar, Chhattisgarh]], a town in India
* [[Malhar (festival)]], a college festival of St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, India
* [[Malhargad]] ("Malhar Fort"), a hill fort in Maharashtra, India
* [[Malhar (film)]], an Indian bilingual drama film

'''People'''
* [[Malhar Kendurkar]], Indo-Canadian astrophysicist
* [[Malhar Pandya]], Indian actor
* [[Malhar Patel]] (born 1983), Indian-Kenyan cricketer
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] ({{Reign|1732|1766}}), a noble of the Maratha Empire of India, founder of the dynasty that ruled the Indore State
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar II]] ({{Reign|1766|1767}}), a ruler of the Indore State of present-day India
* [[Malhar Rao Holkar III]] ({{Reign|1811|1833}}), a ruler of the Indore State of present-day India
* [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad]], a ruler of the Baroda State of present-day India
* [[Malhar Thakar]] (born 1990), Indian actor
* Rohit, a fictional character in the 2012 Indian TV series [[Lakhon Mein Ek (TV series)|''Lakhon Mein Ek'']], portrayed by Karan Grover

==See also==
*[[Malar (disambiguation)]]
*[[Mallar (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation|given name}}

Government Degree College, Akbarpur

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AnnettLevi9: slightly correct layout based on references and updated info per standard format

#REDIRECT [[Kanpur Dehat district#Educational institutions]]

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