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Vanakkam Chennai

2026-05-07T13:05:18Z

Animesh:

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vanakkam Chennai poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi]]
| writer = Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi
| producer = [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]]
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]]|[[Priya Anand]]|[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]|[[Rahul Ravindran]]}}
| cinematography = [[Richard M. Nathan]]
| editing = [[T. S. Suresh]]
| music = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| studio = [[Red Giant Movies]]
| distributor = Red Giant Movies
| released = {{Film date|2013|10|11|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 151 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanakkam Chennai (Digital Version) |url=https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=RElMLTEtMTA4LTIwMTMtQ0hFTg== |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260507072834/https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=RElMLTEtMTA4LTIwMTMtQ0hFTg== |archive-date=7 May 2026 |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vanakkam Chennai''''' ({{translation|Hello/Greetings Chennai}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi]], in her debut. Produced by her husband [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] under [[Red Giant Movies]], the film stars [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] and [[Priya Anand]], while [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] and [[Rahul Ravindran]] portray supporting roles. It revolves around two people who end up renting the same house due to a fraudulent real estate broker, and slowly fall in love.

Filming for ''Vanakkam Chennai'' took place between February and July 2013, mostly in [[Chennai]] and [[Munnar]]. The music is scored by [[Anirudh Ravichander]], cinematography was handled by [[Richard M. Nathan]], and editing by [[T. S. Suresh]]. The film was released worldwide on 11 October 2013.

== Plot ==
K. Madasamy alias Ajay, a youth from [[Theni]], comes to [[Chennai]] to take up a job. Anjali Rajamohan, a photographer from London, is also in the city to capture South Indian culture on camera. The duo are deceived by Narayanan, a real estate broker who rents out unoccupied houses without informing the house owners. Ajay and Anjali pay the rental money to Narayanan and end up signing the same house. Unable to find another house to rent, the duo decide to stay together, till they find Narayanan. They squabble and argue a lot, but soon Ajay falls in love with Anjali. However, he does not reveal to her of his feelings. After taking her on a trip to Theni, he realises that she does not reciprocate his feelings, leaving him depressed.

Soon, Ajay tracks down Narayanan, who he met in a chance encounter earlier, where Ajay pockets Narayanan's address from his wallet, and blames him for the misery in his life, because it was Narayanan's trickery that brought them together and now, Ajay cannot live without her love. Narayanan decides to help Ajay and he visits the house, under the pretense of being Ajay's friend, Billa Senthil. He tries to make Anjali fall for Ajay. Anjali's fiancé, Deepak then gives Anjali a surprise visit, just as when she begins to enjoy Ajay's company. Narayanan continues to try to getting Ajay and Anjali together, with no success.

On the night of Anjali's birthday, Ajay decides that she will never love him, and resorts to drinking, after being depressed. Meanwhile, Anjali realises that she loves Ajay, but is angry at his behaviour under the influence of alcohol. The next day, she goes to the wedding of Ajay's colleague as his wife, due to the fact that his colleagues think she is his wife and looks for him there. Just when they find each other and are about to confess their feelings for one another, Narayanan speaks on the phone with some new tenants. When he jokingly offers Ajay a cut of the deal, Anjali misunderstands Ajay as a fraudster, assuming he was also in Narayanan's house plot. Anguished, Anjali berates them and leaves the wedding hall, while Ajay looks on in guilt.

Three months later, Anjali has returned to London and wins her photography contest. Deepak tells her that Narayanan had told him everything from scratch, and that Ajay is innocent. He convinces her that she loves Ajay and vice versa, as she did not hesitate to visit Theni or act as Ajay's wife despite being engaged to Deepak. Anjali returns to the Chennai house and looks for Ajay, but does not find him. Just then, Ajay opens the door and finds his passport that he was looking for. Anjali meets him and is initially upset, asking him why he did not come to her for the last three months in London. Ajay tells her that he had just received his passport and was planning to leave for the airport. As the two hug and reconcile, Narayanan, unaware of their presence, enters with a prospective tenant to trick, and takes an [[Advance payment|advance]] from him. Ajay and Anjali stop Narayanan and punch him.

== Cast ==
As per the opening credits:<ref name="SunNXT">{{Cite AV media |title=Vanakkam Chennai |type=Motion picture |language=Tamil |publisher=[[Red Giant Movies]] |year=2013 |via=[[Sun NXT]]}}</ref>{{rp|2:20–2:47}}
{{Cast listing|
* [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] as K. Madasamy (Ajay)
* [[Priya Anand]] as Anjali Rajamohan
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Narayanan (Billa Senthil)
* [[Rahul Ravindran]] as Deepak
* [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Inspector Chandralekha
* [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]] as Ajay's mother
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Rajamohan
* [[Manobala]] as Constable Ayyasamy
* [[Swaminathan]] as Ponnurasu
* [[Crane Manohar]] as Anjali's uncle
* [[Pandi (actor)|Black Pandi]] as Murali
* [[Rajkumar (Tamil actor)|G. Rajkumar]] as G. Vasu
* Na. Kumanan as 'Kaaka Valipu' Sankar
* [[Aarthi Ganeshkar|Aarthi]] as Ponnatha
* Deepa Nambiar as Rosy Aunty
* [[Meesha Ghoshal]] as Leena
* Gowri Lakshmi as P. Geetha, Vasu's wife
* Rithi Mangal as Ajay's lover since the fifth grade

;Uncredited
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Colonel Balasubramaniam<ref name=":0" />
* [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] as a prospective tenant<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robert |date=27 December 2015 |title=சண்டைக் காட்சிகளில் நடிக்க தயங்கினேன் |trans-title=I hesitated to act in fight scenes |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/1382 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508112412/https://www.virakesari.lk/article/1382 |archive-date=8 May 2025 |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=[[Virakesari]] |language=Ta}}</ref>
}}
[[Anirudh Ravichander]], Adhi of [[Hiphop Tamizha]], [[Hard Kaur]] and [[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]] appear in the song "Chennai City Gangsta".

== Production ==
''Vanakkam Chennai'' is the directorial debut of [[Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi]]. After she completed the script, she had no intention of directing it and approached other directors, but none accepted. On the encouragement of [[M. Rajesh]], she herself decided to direct. Kiruthiga's husband [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] produced the film and also helped improvise the script.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Mythily |date=10 October 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai: a story of different people |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/vanakkam-chennai-a-story-of-different-people-1.1241204 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921130739/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/vanakkam-chennai-a-story-of-different-people-1.1241204 |archive-date=21 September 2023 |access-date=2 November 2024 |website=[[Gulf News]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Sunaina]] was initially to play the lead female role which went to Priya Anand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2013 |title=No cameo in wife's movie |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130102/entertainment-kollywood/article/no-cameo-wifes-movie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104171844/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130102/entertainment-kollywood/article/no-cameo-wifes-movie |archive-date=4 January 2013 |access-date=20 February 2013 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by [[Richard M. Nathan]], and editing by [[T. S. Suresh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=10 August 2013 |title=Audio beat: Vanakkam Chennai – Take a welcome break |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-vanakkam-chennai-take-a-welcome-break/article5009785.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111184005/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-vanakkam-chennai-take-a-welcome-break/article5009785.ece |archive-date=11 January 2014 |access-date=14 August 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began on 1 February 2013 at [[East Coast Road|ECR, Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2013 |title=Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi's film starts rolling |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kiruthiga-udhayanidhis-film-starts-rolling-news-tamil-ncbkEhidbea.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204005453/http://www.sify.com/movies/kiruthiga-udhayanidhis-film-starts-rolling-news-tamil-ncbkEhidbea.html |archive-date=4 February 2013 |access-date=20 February 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Although Kiruthiga had contracted [[chikungunya]] on the first day of filming, she refused to cancel the shoot for that day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title='My film will have strong female roles' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Aug/01/my-film-will-have-strong-female-roles-502680.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528022613/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Aug/01/my-film-will-have-strong-female-roles-502680.html |archive-date=28 May 2025 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> As of May, filming was taking place in [[Munnar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai in Munnar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-in-munnar/articleshow/19908169.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123060138/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-in-munnar/articleshow/19908169.cms |archive-date=23 November 2024 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 May 2013 |title=Shiva and Priya romance in Munnar! |url=http://sify.com/movies/Shiva-and-Priya-romance-in-Munnar-news-tamil-nfhl6Mehiea.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025090424/http://sify.com/movies/Shiva-and-Priya-romance-in-Munnar-news-tamil-nfhl6Mehiea.html |archive-date=25 October 2013 |access-date=6 May 2026 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> The film's final schedule began in mid-July 2013 in Chennai,<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai in {{as written|i|t's [sic]}} final leg |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-in-its-final-leg/articleshow/21033188.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241108031151/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-in-its-final-leg/articleshow/21033188.cms |archive-date=8 November 2024 |access-date=2 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] later the same month.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=360576464078381056 |user=PriyaAnand |title=Goood Morning You! Wrapped Shoot.. But Me No Sleepy! #VanakkamChennai Is Coming To An End.. Me No Likey! |first=Priya |last=Anand |author-link=Priya Anand |access-date=7 May 2026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/PLVZQ |archive-date=7 May 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> Responding to criticism that the film was plagiarised from the 1955 film ''[[Missamma]]'', Kiruthiga denied them as rumours, saying the story of ''Vanakkam Chennai'' was something she developed during her college days.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2013 |title=Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi denies plagiarism |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-18/news-interviews/40655823_1_vanakkam-chennai-kiruthiga-udhayanidhi-red-giant-movies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721122132/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-18/news-interviews/40655823_1_vanakkam-chennai-kiruthiga-udhayanidhi-red-giant-movies |archive-date=21 July 2013 |access-date=13 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> The music video for "Chennai City Gangsta" includes [[stop motion]] animation,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Satheesh |first=Roji |date=20 November 2020 |title=Vineesh Vijayan: The Young Man Who Chased Down The Sculptor In Him |url=https://www.vneeshvijayan.com/post/vineesh-vijayan-the-young-man-who-chased |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241108101145/https://www.vneeshvijayan.com/post/vineesh-vijayan-the-young-man-who-chased |archive-date=8 November 2024 |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=Vneesh's Galerie |language=en}}</ref> which was created by Idea Heavens Studio.<ref name="SunNXT" />{{rp|2:48}}

== Soundtrack ==

The music is composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]]. He signed on the project in 2012, and described it as a "fun" and "youthful" album that would appeal to urban audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Lata |date=12 September 2012 |title=Anirudh bags Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi's debut flick |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-12/news-interviews/33764177_1_anirudh-bags-flick-kalakalappu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202191747/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-12/news-interviews/33764177_1_anirudh-bags-flick-kalakalappu |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=20 February 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> The song "Oh Penne" marks the Tamil debut of Bollywood singer [[Vishal Dadlani]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2013 |title=Vishal Dadlani to make his Tamil debut |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vishal-dadlani-to-make-his-tamil-debut-168393-2013-06-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125035843/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vishal-dadlani-to-make-his-tamil-debut-168393-2013-06-27 |archive-date=25 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> An alternate version of the song was also produced, sung by [[British Sri Lankans|British Sri Lankan]] musicians Charles Bosco and [[Arjun (singer)|Arjun]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Laisram |first=Romal |date=13 October 2022 |title=Sri-Lanka born Tamil music producer Charles Bosco is trending now, courtesy his 'refix' project |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2022/Oct/13/sri-lankaborn-tamil-music-producer-charles-bosco-is-trending-now-courtesy-his-refix-project-44637.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625155833/https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2022/Oct/13/sri-lankaborn-tamil-music-producer-charles-bosco-is-trending-now-courtesy-his-refix-project-44637.html |archive-date=25 June 2024 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=[[Indulgexpress]] |language=en}}</ref> Assamese singer [[Papon (singer)|Papon]] sang the song "Hey", recorded in late June 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2013 |title=Papon croons for Anirudh's Vanakkam Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/papon-croons-for-anirudhs-vanakkam-chennai/articleshow/20792240.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106235809/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/papon-croons-for-anirudhs-vanakkam-chennai/articleshow/20792240.cms |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> The song "Engadi Porandha" was sung by [[Andrea Jeremiah]] and Anirudh; their lines were recorded separately as Anirudh was in [[Mumbai]] for the album mix when Andrea recorded her vocals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2013 |title=Andrea records without Anirudh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/andrea-records-without-anirudh/articleshow/24700207.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260506084613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/andrea-records-without-anirudh/articleshow/24700207.cms |archive-date=6 May 2026 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> "Chennai City Gangsta", described by Anirudh as a "[[rave]] party track",<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2013 |title=Anirudh's rave party in Chennai! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anirudhs-rave-party-in-chennai/articleshow/20118894.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106180429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anirudhs-rave-party-in-chennai/articleshow/20118894.cms |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> includes vocals by Adhi of [[Hiphop Tamizha]], and Punjabi rapper [[Hard Kaur]]. Adhi had earlier collaborated with Anirudh for the title track of ''[[Ethir Neechal (2013 film)|Ethir Neechal]]'' (2013), and described "Chennai City Gangsta" as a thematic follow-up to that song. There were no rehearsals for the song.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2013 |title=Time for Hiphop Tamizha and Hard Kaur Vanakkam Chennai track |url=https://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/time-hiphop-tamizha-and-hard-kaur-vanakkam-chennai-track |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127055849/https://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/time-hiphop-tamizha-and-hard-kaur-vanakkam-chennai-track |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=Radioandmusic.com |language=en}}</ref> It serves as a tribute to the city of Chennai and its culture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=16 October 2016 |title=Songs that make birthday boy Anirudh Ravichander a rock star |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/songs-that-make-birthday-boy-anirudh-ravichander-a-rock-star-3085893/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018092922/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/songs-that-make-birthday-boy-anirudh-ravichander-a-rock-star-3085893/ |archive-date=18 October 2016 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The tracklist, featuring only the song names, was unveiled in mid-June 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2013 |title=Tracklist of Vanakkam Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tracklist-of-vanakkam-chennai/articleshow/20628991.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106180429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tracklist-of-vanakkam-chennai/articleshow/20628991.cms |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> The upgraded tracklist featuring the singer names was released a month later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai tracklist |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-tracklist/articleshow/21299153.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106180430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-tracklist/articleshow/21299153.cms |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

The audio rights were purchased by [[Sony Music India]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2013 |title=Sony Music snaps 'Vanakkam Chennai' for a bomb |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sony-music-snaps-vanakkam-chennai-for-a-bomb/articleshow/21097993.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106180429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sony-music-snaps-vanakkam-chennai-for-a-bomb/articleshow/21097993.cms |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> and the audio was launched on 27 July at [[Suryan FM]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2013 |title='Vanakkam Chennai' audio straight to stores |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-audio-straight-to-stores/articleshow/21331301.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106235808/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-audio-straight-to-stores/articleshow/21331301.cms |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=360962292524933120 |user=anirudhofficial |title=The day is here! Vanakkam Chennai audio launches live on Suryan FM at 9 am. Need all your blessings and love :) |first=Anirudh |last=Ravichander |author-link=Anirudh Ravichander |access-date=30 January 2025 |language=en |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/A7FLv |archive-date=7 May 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> Vipin of ''Music Aloud'' summarised "It is indeed a hat-trick of winners in Tamil for Anirudh Ravichander, with ''Vanakkam Chennai''. Must-hear soundtrack!", giving 8.5 out of 10.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vipin |date=28 July 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai – Music Review (Tamil Movie Soundtrack) |url=https://www.musicaloud.com/2013/07/27/vanakkam-chennai-music-review-tamil-movie-soundtrack/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125040308/https://www.musicaloud.com/2013/07/27/vanakkam-chennai-music-review-tamil-movie-soundtrack/ |archive-date=25 January 2025 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=Music Aloud |language=en}}</ref> [[Karthik Srinivasan|Karthik]] of ''[[Milliblog]]'' wrote "''Vanakkam Chennai'' is an interesting soundtrack, but has Anirudh's past catching up too early in his career".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=28 July 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai (Music review), Tamil – Anirudh |url=https://milliblog.com/2013/07/28/vanakkam-chennai-music-review-tamil-anirudh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125035951/https://milliblog.com/2013/07/28/vanakkam-chennai-music-review-tamil-anirudh/ |archive-date=25 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=[[Milliblog]] |language=en}}</ref> Srinivasa Ramanujam of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the entire album 3.5 out of 5. He appreciated "Hey" for its "groovy" vocals and believed it was "sure to have people dancing thanks to the beats", and also appreciated the rustic tone of "Osaka", deviating from Anirudh's usual westernised and techno songs. He was however critical of "Engadi Porandha", but said both versions of "Oh Penne" make up for it, and also appreciated the "melodious" song "Ailasa" and "high-on-energy" song "Chennai City Gangsta".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=1 August 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/vanakkam-chennai/articleshow/21530808.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106180432/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/vanakkam-chennai/articleshow/21530808.cms |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| title_width = 35%
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hey
| length1 = 04:33
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| extra1 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]], [[Maria Roe Vincent]]
| title2 = Osaka Osaka
| length2 = 06:06
| lyrics2 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| extra2 = Anirudh Ravichander, [[Pragathi Guruprasad]]
| title3 = Oh Penne
| length3 = 04:34
| lyrics3 = Na. Muthukumar
| extra3 = [[Vishal Dadlani]], Anirudh Ravichander, [[Arjun (singer)|Arjun]]
| title4 = Chennai City Gangsta
| length4 = 04:17
| lyrics4 = [[Hiphop Tamizha]]
| extra4 = Anirudh Ravichander, [[Hard Kaur]], Hiphop Tamizha, Country Chicken
| title5 = Engadi Porandha
| length5 = 03:23
| lyrics5 = [[Vignesh Shivan]]
| extra5 = Anirudh Ravichander, [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| title6 = Ailasa Ailasa
| length6 = 04:04
| lyrics6 = Madhan Karky
| extra6 = Anirudh Ravichander, [[Suchitra]]
| title7 = Oh Penne
| note7 = International
| length7 = 03:29
| lyrics7 = Arjun
| extra7 = Arjun, Anirudh Ravichander, Charles Bosco, [[Nayeem (actor)|Nayeem]]
| total_length = 30:26 
}}

== Release ==
''Vanakkam Chennai'' was released worldwide on 11 October 2013,<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 September 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai on Oct 11 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-on-oct-11/articleshow/22389323.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260506085506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-on-oct-11/articleshow/22389323.cms |archive-date=6 May 2026 |access-date=2 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 September 2013 |title='Vanakkam Chennai' books Pooja holidays |url=http://sify.com/movies/Vanakkam-Chennai--books-Pooja-holidays-news-tamil-njhkrgjaagj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025093422/http://sify.com/movies/Vanakkam-Chennai--books-Pooja-holidays-news-tamil-njhkrgjaagj.html |archive-date=25 October 2013 |access-date=14 February 2026 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> in [[Dolby Atmos]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2013 |title='Vanakkam Chennai' in Dolby Atmos |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-30/news-interviews/41617889_1_vanakkam-chennai-kiruthiga-udhayanidhi-dolby-atmos |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084235/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-30/news-interviews/41617889_1_vanakkam-chennai-kiruthiga-udhayanidhi-dolby-atmos |archive-date=2 September 2013 |access-date=11 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Red Giant Movies, besides producing, also distributed the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2013 |title=Kiru's 'Vanakkam Chennai' censored |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Kiru-s--Vanakkam-Chennai--censored-news-tamil-njzjy7abfbh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122181303/http://www.sify.com/movies/Kiru-s--Vanakkam-Chennai--censored-news-tamil-njzjy7abfbh.html |archive-date=22 January 2014 |access-date=7 May 2026 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Ahead of release, the film was denied entertainment tax exemption, despite meeting the eligibility criteria. Udhayanidhi subsequently decided to appeal in court,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai tax exemption rejected |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-tax-exemption-rejected/articleshow/23964806.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260506090018/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vanakkam-chennai-tax-exemption-rejected/articleshow/23964806.cms |archive-date=6 May 2026 |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2014 |title=Udhayanidhi finally gets tax exemption |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/udhayanidhi-finally-gets-tax-exemption/articleshow/31100034.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/xPIze |archive-date=7 May 2026 |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> but as of 2016, the film was still not granted the same.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2016 |title='Gethu' producer moves HC for tax exemption |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/%E2%80%98Gethu%E2%80%99-producer-moves-HC-for-tax-exemption/article14015756.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209165329/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/%E2%80%98Gethu%E2%80%99-producer-moves-HC-for-tax-exemption/article14015756.ece |archive-date=9 February 2025 |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>
=== Critical reception ===

M Suganth of ''The Times of India'' rated the film 3 out of 5, saying it "is slick and enjoyable to an extent but also predictable. In fact, most of the time, it is Anirudh's background score that keeps reminding us that this is a romance as well as a comedy".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=12 October 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Vanakkam-Chennai/movie-review/24017772.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722014730/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Vanakkam-Chennai/movie-review/24017772.cms |archive-date=22 July 2014 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> S Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' said, "''Vanakkam Chennai'' is a fun-filled, but slow paced romantic film that does not boast of a great or original storyline. But there is simplicity and charm in the characters. And the great music certainly keeps you entertained".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=11 October 2013 |title=Review: Vanakkam Chennai is a feel-good love story |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-vanakkam-chennai-is-a-feel-good-love-story/20131011.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111214058/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-vanakkam-chennai-is-a-feel-good-love-story/20131011.htm |archive-date=11 January 2014 |access-date=12 October 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Prashanth Reddy of ''[[Desimartini]]'' said, "Anirudh's music is a huge positive and I can't seem to get a few of the background tunes out of my head. Priya Anand looks utterly gorgeous in every frame. But ''Vanakkam Chennai'' is still just an okay-ish Rom-com that is hard to hate. It does very little to reinvigorate a stagnant genre. Also, it should have avoided using Santhanam".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=Prashanth |date=11 October 2013 |title=Prashanth Reddy's Review – Vanakkam Chennai |url=http://www.desimartini.com/reviews/prashanth-reddy-vanakkam-chennai/rd22714md2922.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015021759/http://www.desimartini.com/reviews/prashanth-reddy-vanakkam-chennai/rd22714md2922.htm |archive-date=15 October 2013 |access-date=14 October 2013 |website=[[Desimartini]] |language=en}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', [[Baradwaj Rangan]] said, "Seeing ''Vanakkam Chennai'' is to be reminded of how stupidly happy a light-hearted love story can make us feel. Scenes that have no business working — like one involving [[Holi]] colours — make us smile, and that's a sign that we are involved with these characters, that we want them to realise, soon, that they need to get on with the business of being with each other", calling it a "low-key bliss-out for the most part".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=12 October 2013 |title=Naiyaandi and Vanakkam Chennai: Crazy little thing called love |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/naiyaandi-and-vanakkam-chennai-crazy-little-thing-called-love/article5228510.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014085430/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/naiyaandi-and-vanakkam-chennai-crazy-little-thing-called-love/article5228510.ece |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=14 October 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' said, "The film has nothing new to offer but is still enjoyable due to its glossy packaging, rich visuals and lots of fun".<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2013 |title=Vanakkam Chennai |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vanakkam-chennai-review-tamil-15040744.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113150153/http://www.sify.com/movies/vanakkam-chennai-review-tamil-pcmbcwejcciii.html |archive-date=13 January 2018 |access-date=12 October 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Sweet and warm at places, the film is a monotonous journey on the whole. Offering nothing exciting or novel in either its plot or presentation, it's at best a stepping stone for a debutant maker".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=13 October 2013 |title=Monotonous offering of a debut maker |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Oct/13/monotonous-offering-of-a-debut-maker-526045.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130073206/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Oct/13/monotonous-offering-of-a-debut-maker-526045.html |archive-date=30 January 2025 |access-date=30 January 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
{{Expand section|date=May 2026}}
<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2013 |title=Chennai Box-Office – Oct 11 to 14 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15040936&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021104455/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15040936&cid=13525926 |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=7 May 2026 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=389964358035329024 |user=taran_adarsh |title=UK - Tamil - total till Sun: #Naiyaandi £ 16,673 [Rs 16.33 lacs], #VanakkamChennai £ 7,371 [Rs 7.22 lacs], #RajaRani £ 112,131 [Rs 1.10 cr]. |first=Taran |last=Adarsh |author-link=Taran Adarsh |access-date=7 May 2026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/BS4c6 |archive-date=7 May 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable"
! scope="col" |Event
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Nominee(s)
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[61st Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director – Tamil]]
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2014 |title=61st Idea Filmfare Awards (South) Nomination list |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519161200/http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2014 |title=Winners of 61st Idea Filmfare Awards South |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-6712-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519161743/http://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-6712.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil]]
|[[Suchitra]] – ("Ailasa Ailasa")
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Debutant Director – Tamil
|[[Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi]]
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominees |url=http://siima.in/nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909165951/http://siima.in/nominations |archive-date=9 September 2014 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners List |url=http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519165255/http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Lyricist – Tamil
|[[Madhan Karky]] – ("Osaka Osaka")
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[8th Vijay Awards]]
|[[Vijay Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]]
|Selva Kumar
|{{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |title=Vijay Awards 07/27/14 |date=27 July 2014 |last=Vijay Television |author-link=Star Vijay |language=en |time=2:33:40 |access-date=30 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131061916/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |archive-date=31 January 2025 |url-status=dead |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about con artists]]
[[Category:Films about fraud]]
[[Category:Films about photographers]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi]]
[[Category:Films produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anirudh Ravichander]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films set in Theni]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Munnar]]
[[Category:Films using stop-motion animation]]
[[Category:Indian films with live action and animation]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]

{{Improve categories|date=November 2024}}

Karanja Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T21:30:22Z

Animesh: new!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Karanja
| constituency_no = 35
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 35-Karanja.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Yavatmal–Washim Lok Sabha constituency|Yavatmal-Washim]]
| district = [[Washim district|Washim]]
| established = 1978
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Sai Prakash Dahake]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| incumbent_image =
| electors =316,493
}}
'''Karanja Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]] and one of the three which are located in [[Washim district]]. On 23 February 2024, Karanja Assembly constituency seat got Vacant as the Death of sitting MLA [[Rajendra Patni]].

It is a part of the [[Yavatmal-Washim (Lok Sabha constituency)]] with the adjoining [[Yavatmal district]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha assembly constituencies, viz. [[Washim Assembly constituency|Washim (SC)]], [[Ralegaon Assembly constituency|Ralegaon (ST)]], [[Yavatmal Assembly constituency|Yavatmal (ST)]], [[Digras Assembly constituency|Digras]] and [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=14 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=18 March 2010 }}</ref>

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 35 Karanja Assembly constituency is composed of the following: 1. Karanja Tehsil, 2. Manora Tehsil of the [[district]].<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XVII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule XVII Maharashtra, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |publisher = |accessdate = 2015-03-11 }}</ref>

== Members of Legislative assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karanja Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/karanja.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Arvind Deshmukh
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Ramkrishna Rathi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[Anantrao Vithhalrao Deshmukh|Anantrao Deshmukh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Gulabrao Gawande
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="2"|Babasaheb Dhabekar
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| [[Rajendra Sukhanad Patni|Rajendra Patni]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Prakash Dahake]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Rajendra Sukhanad Patni|Rajendra Patni]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Sai Prakash Dahake]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sai Prakash Dahake]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 85,005 |percentage = 40.79% |change = {{increase}}1.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patni Gyayak Rajendra |party = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 49,932 |percentage = 23.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammad Yusuf Mohammad Shafi Punjani |party = All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 31,042 |percentage = 14.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhabekar Sunil Kesheorao |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 24,412 |percentage = 11.71% |change = {{increase}}4.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yayati Manoharrao Naik |party = Samnak Janta Party |votes = 7,962 |percentage = 3.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 753 |percentage = 0.36% |change = {{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,073 |percentage = 16.83% |change = {{increase}}4.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 209,154 |percentage = 66.08% |change = {{increase}}4.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 208,401}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 316,493 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}1.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rajendra Sukhanand Patni]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 73,205 |percentage = 39.53% |change = {{increase}}15.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakash Dahake|Prakash Uttamrao Dahake]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 50,481 |percentage = 27.26% |change = {{increase}}15.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammad Yusuf Mohammad Shafi Punjani |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 41,907 |percentage = 22.63% |change = {{increase}}21.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Ram Sheshrao Chavhan |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 12,493 |percentage = 6.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Subhash Pandurang Rathod |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,160 |percentage = 1.17% |change = {{decrease}}15.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Digambar Narendra Chavhan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,816 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,142 |percentage = 0.62% |change = {{increase}}0.25 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,724 |percentage = 12.27% |change = {{increase}}10.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 186,523 |percentage = 61.83% |change = {{decrease}}1.72 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 185,200}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 301,654 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}15.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rajendra Sukhanand Patni]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 44,751 |percentage = 24.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Punjani Mo. Yusuf |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 40,604 |percentage = 22.23% |change = {{increase}}7.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ranjit Shersing Jadhav |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 29,751 |percentage = 16.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakash Dahake|Prakash Uttamrao Dahake]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 27,043 |percentage = 14.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhash Pandhrinath Thakare |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 21,066 |percentage = 11.53% |change = {{decrease}}27.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kawar Sudhirkumar Vitthalrao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 6,277 |percentage = 3.44% |change = {{decrease}}16.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jyotitai Anil Ganeshpure |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,010 |percentage = 1.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Garve Usman Piru |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,624 |percentage = 1.44% |change = {{increase}}0.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 668 |percentage = 0.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,147 |percentage = 2.27% |change = {{decrease}}16.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 183,474 |percentage = 63.55% |change = {{decrease}}1.13 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 182,695}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 288,706 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.51 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}14.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakash Dahake|Prakash Uttamrao Dahake]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 62,658 |percentage = 38.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rajendra Sukhanand Patni]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 32,283 |percentage = 19.98% |change = {{decrease}}10.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhash Pandhrinath Thakare |party = Independent politician |votes = 30,681 |percentage = 18.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Rathod Subhash Pandurang |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 24,590 |percentage = 15.21% |change = {{decrease}}14.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Pandurang Nakhale |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,191 |percentage = 1.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sawake Ramkrushana Pundlikrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,126 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahakal Laxmikant Bhagwantrao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,049 |percentage = 1.27% |change = {{decrease}}9.37 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 30,375 |percentage = 18.79% |change = {{increase}}18.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 161,651 |percentage = 64.68% |change = {{decrease}}2.52 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 161,617}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 249,933 |ref = |change = {{increase}}37.34 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}8.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Rajendra Sukhanand Patni]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 36,695 |percentage = 30.01% |change = {{increase}}17.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakash Dahake|Prakash Uttamrao Dahake]] |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 36,648 |percentage = 29.98% |change = {{increase}}23.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babasaheb Dhabekar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,091 |percentage = 23.79% |change = {{decrease}}17.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chaware Radhatai Anil |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 13,009 |percentage = 10.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Usman Piru Garwe |party = Peoples Republican Party |votes = 4,252 |percentage = 3.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amadabadkar Gajanan Kashinath |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,562 |percentage = 2.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 47 |percentage = 0.04% |change = {{decrease}}3.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 122,285 |percentage = 67.20% |change = {{increase}}5.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 122,257}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,984 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.87 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}11.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Babasaheb Dhabekar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,980 |percentage = 41.53% |change = {{increase}}14.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakash Dahake|Prakash Uttamrao Dahake]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 35,099 |percentage = 38.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaurao Hiraji Raut |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 11,644 |percentage = 12.73% |change = {{increase}}9.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sd. Mohsin Haji Sd. Taleb |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 6,047 |percentage = 6.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,881 |percentage = 3.15% |change = {{decrease}}5.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 97,030 |percentage = 61.78% |change = {{decrease}}12.85 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 91,446}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 157,062 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.32 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}5.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Babasaheb Dhabekar |party = Independent politician |votes = 39,025 |percentage = 36.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakash Dahake|Prakash Uttamrao Dahake]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,304 |percentage = 27.03% |change = {{decrease}}1.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ingale Shrawan Shekoji |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 20,871 |percentage = 19.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amdabadkar Gajanan Kashinath |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,490 |percentage = 5.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghule Rajendra Madhukarrao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 4,031 |percentage = 3.72% |change = {{decrease}}37.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Malani Thakurdas Sukhedoji |party = Janata Dal |votes = 3,839 |percentage = 3.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arvind Kamlakar Deshmukh |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,555 |percentage = 1.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Usman Piru Garwe |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,149 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,721 |percentage = 8.97% |change = {{decrease}}2.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 110,254 |percentage = 74.63% |change = {{increase}}8.93 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 108,414}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,727 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.01 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}4.87 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Gawande Gulabrao Ramrao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 35,297 |percentage = 40.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babasaheb Dhabekar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,007 |percentage = 28.95% |change = {{decrease}}10.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rode Arjun Bhikuram |party = Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 15,358 |percentage = 17.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kankirad Shridhar Shaligram |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 7,653 |percentage = 8.86% |change = {{decrease}}22.13 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,290 |percentage = 11.91% |change = {{increase}}3.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,422 |percentage = 65.70% |change = {{increase}}2.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,366}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,071 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.73 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}1.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Anantrao Vithhalrao Deshmukh]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,376 |percentage = 39.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bang Manohar Motilalji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 20,071 |percentage = 30.99% |change = {{decrease}}1.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Meshram |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,786 |percentage = 19.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mubarakkha Tamijkha |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,955 |percentage = 3.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandumal Pursumal |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,619 |percentage = 2.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tayde Vijaikumar Babanji |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,579 |percentage = 2.44% |change = {{decrease}}16.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ismale Haji Jusub |party = Independent politician |votes = 404 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,305 |percentage = 8.19% |change = {{decrease}}0.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,895 |percentage = 63.25% |change = {{increase}}8.52 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,768}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 104,182 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.40 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}2.40 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rathi Ramkrushna Gangaramji |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 22,045 |percentage = 41.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bang Manohar Motilalji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 17,193 |percentage = 32.43% |change = {{increase}}12.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ambore Ramdas Narayan |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 9,880 |percentage = 18.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ajit Faruqui Ajimoddin Faruqui |party = Janata Party |votes = 3,208 |percentage = 6.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rachwani Chandumal Parsumal |party = Independent politician |votes = 687 |percentage = 1.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,852 |percentage = 9.15% |change = {{decrease}}26.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 54,097 |percentage = 54.73% |change = {{decrease}}21.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,013}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,840 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.64 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = All India Forward Bloc |swing = {{decrease}}14.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Arvind Kamlakar Deshmukh |party = All India Forward Bloc |votes = 38,584 |percentage = 56.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Korpe Wamanrao Ramkrushna Alias Dr. Annasaheb Korpe |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 14,006 |percentage = 20.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tidke Subasrao Bhagwantrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,026 |percentage = 17.46% |change = {{decrease}}45.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bothara Laxmichand Rupchand |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,686 |percentage = 3.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhendule Rameshwar Prabhati |party = Independent politician |votes = 924 |percentage = 1.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Praghane Abhiman Baliram |party = Independent politician |votes = 604 |percentage = 0.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,578 |percentage = 35.68% |change = {{decrease}}10.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,936 |percentage = 76.53% |change = {{increase}}12.87 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,894}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,685 |ref = |change = {{increase}}126.27 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = All India Forward Bloc |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Karanja <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vithalsinha Jaisinha Thakur |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,351 |percentage = 62.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadu Uka Borkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,205 |percentage = 16.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Birendra Krishnaji Sone |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,597 |percentage = 9.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shalikrao Narayan Kankirad |party = Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha |votes = 1,505 |percentage = 5.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hemchandra Ratansa Vaidya |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 1,418 |percentage = 5.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,146 |percentage = 46.58% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,076 |percentage = 63.66% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,076}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,963 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Karanja (disambiguation)]]

==Notes==
<references/>

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20.48|77.48|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Washim district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Maharashtra]]

How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life

2026-05-06T11:42:28Z

Animesh: done!

{{Short description|2006 book by Kaavya Viswanathan}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox book
| name = How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life
| author = Kaavya Viswanathan
| image = OpalMehta.jpg
| country = United States
| language = English
| genre = [[Young adult fiction]]
| publisher = [[Little Brown and Company]]
| pub_date = April 4, 2006
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover]])
| pages = 314 pp.
| isbn = 978-0-316-05988-6
| dewey = 813/.6 22
| congress = PS3622.I79 H69 2006
}}

'''''How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life''''' is a controversial [[young adult fiction|young adult novel]] by Kaavya Viswanathan, written just after she graduated from high school. Its 2006 debut was highly publicized while she was enrolled at [[Harvard University]], but the book was withdrawn after it was discovered that portions had been [[plagiarism|plagiarized]] from several sources, including the works of [[Megan McCafferty]], [[Salman Rushdie]], and [[Meg Cabot]].<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23">{{cite web |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/4/23/students-novel-faces-plagiarism-controversy-beditors/ |title=Student's Novel Faces Plagiarism Controversy |first=David |last=Zhou |work=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |date=April 23, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=December 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091211011613/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/4/23/students-novel-faces-plagiarism-controversy-beditors/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513213 |title=''Opal'' Similar to More Books |first=David |last=Zhou |author2=Paras D. Bhayani |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=May 2, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=February 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223115144/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513213 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Viswanathan immediately apologized and stated that similarities were "[[Cryptomnesia|completely unintentional and unconscious]]."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/25/books/25book.html |title=Harvard Novelist Says Copying Was Unintentional |first=Dinitia |last=Smith |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 25, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2006}}</ref> All shelf copies of ''Opal Mehta'' were ultimately recalled and destroyed by the publisher, and Viswanathan's contract for a second book was canceled.<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Cancel">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513231 |title=''Opal Mehta'' Gone for Good; Contract Cancelled |author=Crimson Staff |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=May 2, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=December 3, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203212812/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513231 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Book deal==
While attending [[Bergen County Academies]], Viswanathan showed her writing – including a several-hundred-page novel on Irish history she had already completed – to Katherine Cohen of [[IvyWise]], a private college admissions consultancy which Viswanathan's parents had hired to help with their daughter's application process.<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-06">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/06/books/06opal.html |title=A 'How to Get Into College by Really, Really Trying' Novel |first=Dinitia |last=Smith |work=The New York Times |date=April 6, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=June 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623171103/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/06/books/06opal.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Through Cohen, Viswanathan was signed by the [[William Morris Agency]] under senior agent and William Morris partner [[Jennifer Rudolph Walsh]]<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-06"/> and referred to [[book packaging]] company 17th Street Productions (now called [[Alloy Entertainment]]),<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Read">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/27/books/27author.html?ex=1303790400&en=48e05549837c1308&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |title=Novelist Says She Read Copied Books Several Times |first=Dinitia |last=Smith |work=The New York Times |date=April 27, 2006 |access-date=June 2, 2006 |archive-date=May 26, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526183057/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/27/books/27author.html?ex=1303790400&en=48e05549837c1308&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/27/books/27cnd-author.html |title=Publisher Withdraws ''How Opal Mehta Got Kissed'' |last1=Rich |first1=Motoko |last2=Smith |first2=Dinitia |work=The New York Times |date=April 27, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=October 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001223555/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/27/books/27cnd-author.html |url-status=live }}</ref> a media firm responsible for packaging the ''[[Gossip Girl (TV series)|Gossip Girl]]'' and ''[[The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants]]'' book series, among others.<ref name="PW 2008-06-26">{{cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6572459.html|title=Moving On Up: ''Pretty Little Liars''|last=Maughan|first=Shannon|date=June 26, 2008|publisher=PublishersWeekly.com|access-date=June 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131145339/http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6572459.html |archive-date=January 31, 2009}}</ref> On the basis of an outline and four chapters of the novel that would become ''Opal Mehta'', Viswanathan eventually signed a two-book deal with [[Little, Brown and Company]]<ref name="NYT 2006-04-06"/> for an advance originally reported to be $500,000.<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/> She began writing the book the summer before college, and finished it during her freshman year at [[Harvard College]], while taking a full course load.<ref name="NYT 2006-04-06"/> ''Opal Mehta'' was published on April 4, 2006,<ref name="Amazon Opal Mehta">{{cite book |title=''How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life'' (Hardcover): Reviews and Product Details |isbn=0316059889 |last1=Viswanathan |first1=Kaavya |year=2006 |publisher=Little, Brown, and Company }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> and Viswanathan was profiled by ''[[The New York Times]]'' two days later.<ref name="NYT 2006-04-06"/>

''Opal Mehta'' centers on an academically oriented Indian-American girl who, after being told by a Harvard College admissions officer that she is not well-rounded, doggedly works to become a typical American teen: ultrasocial, shopping- and boy-driven, and carelessly hip.<ref name="NYT 2006-04-06"/> With ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' calling the book "''[[Legally Blonde]]'' in reverse," Viswanathan stated that her own college prep experience had inspired the novel: "I was surrounded by the stereotype of high-pressure Asian and Indian families trying to get their children into Ivy League schools."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-06"/> When asked about her influences in an interview given to ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'' of [[Newark, New Jersey]] (before any allegations of plagiarism had surfaced), Viswanathan responded that "nothing I read gave me the inspiration" to write the novel.<ref name="NYT 2006-05-01">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/01/business/media/01link.html?_r=1 |title=In Internet Age, Writers Face Frontier Justice |first=Tom |last=Zeller Jr. |work=The New York Times |date=May 1, 2006 |access-date=June 1, 2009 |archive-date=January 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115112601/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/01/business/media/01link.html?_r=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-26">{{cite news |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/4/26/publisher-rejects-sophs-apology-the-publisher/ |title=Publisher Rejects Soph's Apology |last=Zhou |first=David |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=April 26, 2006 |access-date=June 1, 2009 |archive-date=December 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212083109/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/4/26/publisher-rejects-sophs-apology-the-publisher/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rediff 2006-04-26">{{cite web|url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/apr/26ajp.htm|title=More trouble awaits Indian writer|last=Pais|first=Arthur J.|date=April 26, 2006|publisher=In.Rediff.com|access-date=June 1, 2009|archive-date=August 28, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828040930/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/apr/26ajp.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Michael Pietsch later told ''The New York Times'' that Viswanathan's advance for her two-book deal was less than the previously publicized amount of $500,000, and that it was split between the author and [[Alloy Entertainment]].<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-27">{{cite news |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513112 |title=College Looking Into Plagiarism |first=David |last=Zhou |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=April 27, 2006 |access-date=June 1, 2009 |archive-date=December 3, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203212805/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513112 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alloy President [[Leslie Morgenstein]] asserted that while the firm helped Viswanathan "conceptualize and plot the book,"<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-27"/> it did not help with the actual writing.<ref name="Boston 2006-04-26">{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2006/04/26/harvard_authors_apology_not_accepted/|title=Harvard author's apology not accepted|last=Mehegan|first=David|date=April 26, 2006|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|publisher=The New York Times Company|access-date=June 1, 2009|archive-date=October 12, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012023012/http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2006/04/26/harvard_authors_apology_not_accepted/|url-status=live}}</ref> Though Alloy was no longer involved once the book was sold to Little, Brown,<ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Read"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw"/> the company shares the [[copyright]] with Viswanathan.<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/><ref name="Boston 2006-04-26"/> Her agent Walsh told ''The New York Times'' that the plot and writing of ''Opal Mehta'' had been "1,000 percent" Viswanathan's.<ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Read"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw"/> The novel was edited by Asya Muchnick at Little, Brown,<ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Read"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw"/> and the movie rights to the book were sold to [[DreamWorks SKG]] in February 2006.<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-26"/>

''Opal Mehta'' garnered mixed reviews,<ref>{{cite news |title=Overshooting the mark; her fictional character is aiming for normal. 'Six-figure' sophomore Kaavya Viswanathan did her one better |work=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]] |publisher=North Jersey Media Group|date=April 9, 2006 |page=F01 (Sunday, Living) |first=Virginia |last=Rohan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Getting Into Harvard And Getting A Life |work=[[The Roanoke Times]]|publisher=Landmark Communications|date=April 9, 2006 |page=6 (Sunday, Metro Edition, Books) |first=Margaret |last=Grayson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Postcolonial Makeover For Harvard-Bound Girl |work=[[The New York Observer]] |date=April 3, 2006 |page=4 (Culture, Books) |first=Leon |last=Neyfakh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Smart Girls' Book Club: How Opal got her groove back |work=[[Chicago Sun Times]]|publisher=Sun-Times Media Group|date=April 2, 2006 |first=Debra |last=Pickett |page=B8 (Sunday, Final Edition, Books) }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=It's Pure ''Opal''-Essence |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |date=April 2, 2006 |page=21 (Sunday, Sports Final Edition, Sunday Now) |first=Sherryl |last=Connelly}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-book8apr08,1,7072249.story |title=The Saturday Read; Oh c'mon, getting into Harvard isn't that easy |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 8, 2006 |page=8 (Saturday, Calendar; Part E) |first=Thomas |last=McGonigle |access-date=May 2, 2006 |archive-date=June 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609015726/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-book8apr08,1,7072249.story |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/reviews/2006-03-29-how-opal-mehta_x.htm |title=Charming ''Opal'' shows smart can be funny |first=Carol |last=Memmott |work=[[USA Today]] |publisher=Gannett Company |date=March 29, 2006 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |archive-date=June 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618154251/http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/reviews/2006-03-29-how-opal-mehta_x.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> many of which described Viswanathan as an author of "[[chick lit]]."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dfw.com/mld/dfw/14350375.htm |title=HOWMTF: How ''Opal'' will make teen famous |first=Marilyn |last=Bailey |work=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]] |publisher=The McClatchy Company |date=April 17, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060819064939/http://www.dfw.com/mld/dfw/14350375.htm |archive-date = August 19, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1023323 |title=Kaavya's $500,000 baby |first=Rituparna |last=Som |publisher=DNAIndia.com |date=April 10, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2006 |archive-date=October 7, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007045142/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1023323 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/11/stories/2006041103820200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060420152320/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/11/stories/2006041103820200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 20, 2006 |title=A new name doing India proud abroad |first=Mandira |last=Nayar |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=April 11, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2006}}</ref>

==Plagiarism==

===Megan McCafferty===
On April 23, 2006, ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]'' reported that several portions of ''Opal Mehta'' appeared to have been plagiarized from [[Megan McCafferty]]'s first two "[[Jessica Darling]]" novels, ''Sloppy Firsts'' (2001) and ''Second Helpings'' (2003), noting over a dozen similar passages.<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-26"/> At the time, Viswanathan's novel had reached 32nd on ''The New York Times''{{'s}} [[hardcover]] fiction bestseller list.<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/> McCafferty's third Jessica Darling novel, ''Charmed Thirds'', had just been released a week after ''Opal Mehta'', and was No. 19 on the same list.<ref name="Boston 2006-04-26"/>

McCafferty stated that she had learned about Viswanathan's plagiarism through a fan's e-mail on April 11, 2006,<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/> the same day ''Charmed Thirds'' was released<ref name="Amazon Thirds">{{cite book |title=''Charmed Thirds'' (Hardcover): Reviews and Product Details |date=April 11, 2006 |isbn=1400080428 |last1=McCafferty |first1=Megan |publisher=Crown Publishers }}</ref> and nearly two weeks before the story went public.<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18">{{cite web|url=http://bulletin.gmnews.com/news/2006-05-18/Front_Page/006.html |title=Author McCafferty talks shop with Brick's Lit Chicks |first=Colleen |last=Lutolf |work=Brick Township Bulletin |publisher=BulletinGMNews.com |date=May 18, 2006 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711102514/http://bulletin.gmnews.com/news/2006-05-18/Front_Page/006.html |archive-date=July 11, 2011}}</ref> According to McCafferty, the email's subject read: {{"'}}Flattery or a case for litigation.' I thought, oh my God, somebody's suing me."<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> Prompted by the email's allegations, McCafferty looked at ''Opal Mehta'' and later said that reading Viswanathan's book was like "recognizing your own child's face. My own words were just leaping out at me page after page after page."<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> Contacted by the ''Crimson'' the day before they broke the story, McCafferty responded via email: "I'm already aware of this situation, and so is my publisher ... After reading the book in question, and finding passages, characters, and plot points in common, I do hope this can be resolved in a manner that is fair to all of the parties involved."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/>

On April 24, 2006, Little, Brown issued a statement from Viswanathan:

<blockquote>
"When I was in high school, I read and loved two wonderful novels by Megan McCafferty, ''Sloppy Firsts'' and ''Second Helpings'', which spoke to me in a way few other books did. Recently, I was very surprised and upset to learn that there are similarities between some passages in my novel ... and passages in these books ... While the central stories of my book and hers are completely different, I wasn't aware of how much I may have internalized Ms. McCafferty's words. I am a huge fan of her work and can honestly say that any phrasing similarities between her works and mine were completely unintentional and unconscious. My publisher and I plan to revise my novel for future printings to eliminate any inappropriate similarities ... I sincerely apologize to Megan McCafferty and to any who feel they have been misled by these unintentional errors on my part."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/><ref name="Crimson 2009-04-24">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=512999 |title=Kaavya Speaks: 'I Sincerely Apologize' |author=Crimson Staff |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=April 24, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=October 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010052311/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=512999 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ABC 2006-04-26">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2006/04/26/1623754.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231052316/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2006/04/26/1623754.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 31, 2012|title=Teen author accused of 'literary identity theft'|agency=Reuters|date=April 26, 2006|publisher=ABC News|access-date=June 1, 2009}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Viswanathan's agent Walsh stated, "Knowing what a fine person Kaavya is, I believe any similarities were unintentional. Teenagers tend to adopt each other's language."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/> The day after Viswanathan's admission, Steve Ross of [[Crown Publishing Group]] – a [[subsidiary]] of [[Random House]] and the publisher of ''Sloppy Firsts'' and ''Second Helpings'' – issued a statement in response:

<blockquote>
"We find both the responses of Little Brown and their author Kaavya Viswanathan deeply troubling and disingenuous. Ms. Viswanathan's claim that similarities in her phrasing were 'unconscious' or 'unintentional' is suspect. We have documented more than forty passages from Kaavya Viswanathan's recent publication ''How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life'' that contain identical language and/or common scene or dialogue structure from Megan McCafferty's first two books, ''Sloppy Firsts'' and ''Second Helpings''. This extensive taking from Ms. McCafferty's books is nothing less than an act of literary identity theft ... Based on the scope and character of the similarities, it is inconceivable that this was a display of youthful innocence or an unconscious or unintentional act."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-26"/><ref name="Rediff 2006-04-26"/><ref name="Boston 2006-04-26"/><ref name="ABC 2006-04-26"/>
</blockquote>

Ross said later: "We all felt it was important that we come to [McCafferty's] defense and make clear that we support our author. The notion that this was accidental stretches credibility to the breaking point."<ref name="Boston 2006-04-26"/> McCafferty's agent Joanna Pulcini also identified 45 "strikingly similar" passages, stating via email that "Many include identical phrasing, establish primary characters, and contain shared plot developments. ... It is understandably difficult for us to accept that Ms. Viswanathan's plagiarism was 'unintentional and unconscious,' as she has claimed."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-26"/> Ross added that at that time, McCafferty was "devastated" by the plagiarism, feeling "like something fundamental was taken" and "not sleeping, not eating."<ref name="Boston 2006-04-26"/>

In an April 26, 2006 interview with ''The New York Times'', Viswanathan suggested that some of the plagiarism may have happened because she read both of McCafferty's books multiple times and has a [[eidetic memory|photographic memory]].<ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Read"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-27"/> "I remember by reading," she said. "I never take notes."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Read"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw"/> She added "I've never read a novel with an Indian-American protagonist ... The plot points are reflections of my own experience. I'm an Indian-American."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Read"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw"/>

====Sample passages====
<blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''McCafferty's ''Sloppy Firsts'' and ''Second Helpings'''''
! '''Viswanathan's ''Opal Mehta'''''
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 7: "Bridget is my age and lives across the street. For the first twelve years of my life, these qualifications were all I needed in a best friend. But that was before Bridget's braces came off and her boyfriend Burke got on, before Hope and I met in our seventh grade Honors classes."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=512965 |title=Examples of Similar Passages Between Viswanathan's Book and McCafferty's Two Novels |first=David |last=Zhou |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=April 28, 2006 |access-date=June 1, 2009 |archive-date=June 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618154317/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=512965 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|valign=top|page 14: "Priscilla was my age and lived two blocks away. For the first fifteen years of my life, those were the only qualifications I needed in a best friend. We had bonded over our mutual fascination with the abacus in a playgroup for gifted kids. But that was before freshman year, when Priscilla's glasses came off, and the first in a long string of boyfriends got on."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 6: "Sabrina was the ''brainy'' Angel. Yet another example of how every girl had to be one or the other: Pretty or smart. Guess which one I got. You'll see where it's gotten me."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 39: "Moneypenny was the ''brainy'' female character. Yet another example of how every girl had to be one or the other: smart or pretty. I had long resigned myself to category one, and as long as it got me to Harvard, I was happy. Except, it hadn't gotten me to Harvard. Clearly, it was time to switch to category two."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Second Helpings'', page 67: "... but in a truly sadomasochistic dieting gesture, they chose to buy their Diet Cokes at Cinnabon."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 46: "In a truly masochistic gesture, they had decided to buy Diet Cokes from Mrs. Fields ..."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 23: "He's got dusty reddish dreads that a girl could never run her hands through. His eyes are always half-shut. His lips are usually curled in a semi-smile, like he's in on a big joke that's being played on you but you don't know it yet."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 48: "He had too-long shaggy brown hair that fell into his eyes, which were always half shut. His mouth was always curled into a half smile, like he knew about some big joke that was about to be played on you."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 68: "Tanning was the closest that Sara came to having a hobby, other than gossiping, that is. Even the webbing between her fingers was the color of coffee without cream. Even for someone with her Italian heritage and dark coloring, it was unnatural and alienlike."
|valign=top|page 48: "It was obvious that next to casual hookups, tanning was her extracurricular activity of choice. Every visible inch of skin matched the color and texture of her Louis Vuitton backpack. Even combined with her dark hair and Italian heritage, she looked deep-fried."
|-
|valign=top|''Second Helpings'', page 69: "Throughout this conversation, Manda acted like she couldn't have been more bored. She lazily skimmed her new paperback copy of Reviving Ophelia—she must have read the old one down to shreds. She just stood there, popping another piece of Doublemint, or reapplying her lip gloss, or slapping her ever-present pack of Virginia Slims against her palm. (Insert oral fixation jokes, here, here and here.) Her hair—usually dishwater brown and wavy—had been straightened and bleached the color of sweet corn since the last time I saw her...Just when I thought she had maxed out on hooter hugeness, it seemed that whatever poundage Sara had lost over the summer had turned up in Manda's bra."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 48: "The other HBz acted like they couldn't be more bored. They sat down at a table, lazily skimmed heavy copies of Italian Vogue, popped pieces of Orbit, and reapplied layers of lip gloss. Jennifer, who used to be a bit on the heavy side, had dramatically slimmed down, no doubt through some combination of starvation and cosmetic surgery. Her lost pounds hadn't completely disappeared, though; whatever extra pounds she'd shed from her hips had ended up in her bra. Jennifer's hair, which I remembered as dishwater brown and riotously curly, had been bleached Clairol 252: Never Seen in Nature Blonde. It was also so straight it looked washed, pressed and starched."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 23: "Though I used to see him sometimes at Hope's house, Marcus and I had never, ever acknowledged each other's existence before. So I froze, not knowing whether I should (a) laugh (b) say something (c) ignore him and keep on walking ... 'Uh, yeah. Ha. Ha. Ha.' ... I turned around and saw that Marcus was smiling at me."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/>
|valign=top|page 49: "Though I had been to school with him for the last three years, Sean Whalen and I had never acknowledged each other's existence before. I froze, unsure of (a) what he was talking about and (b) what I was supposed to do about it ... 'Ha, yeah. Uh, ha. Ha.' ... I looked up and saw that Sean was grinning."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 237: "Finally, four major department stores and 170 specialty shops later, we were done."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 51: "Five department stores, and 170 specialty shops later, I was sick of listening to her hum along to Alicia Keys..."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-23"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Second Helpings'', page 68: "'Omigod!' shrieked Sara, taking a pink tube top emblazoned with a glittery Playboy bunny out of her shopping bag."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 51: "...I was sick of listening to her hum along to Alicia Keys, and worn out from resisting her efforts to buy me a pink tube top emblazoned with a glittery Playboy bunny."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 217: "But then he tapped me on the shoulder, and said something so random that I was afraid he was back on the junk."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 142: "...he tapped me on the shoulder and said something so random I worried that he needed more expert counseling than I could provide."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 46: "He smelled sweet and woodsy, like cedar shavings."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 147: "...I had even begun to recognize his cologne (sweet and woodsy and spicy, like the sandalwood key chains sold as souvenirs in India.)"<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Second Helpings'', page 88: "By the way, Marcus wore a T-shirt that said THURSDAY yesterday, and FRIDAY today."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 170: "He was wearing an old, faded gray sweatshirt that said 'Tuesday' on it. Except that today was Thursday."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 209:"Pause. 
'So I don't need a ride...' 
Another pause. 
'But do you want one?' he asked. 
God, did I want one. 
He knew it, too. He leaned over the front seat and popped open the passenger-side door. 'Come on, I want to talk to you,' he said."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 172:"Pause. 
'So I can't really stay...' 
Another pause. 
'But you want to?' he asked. 
Did I? Yes... 
He knew it, too. He patted the chair again. 'Come on, I want to talk to you,' he said."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 213: "He was invading my personal space, as I had learned in Psych. class, and I instinctively sunk back into the seat. That just made him move in closer. I was practically one with the leather at this point, and unless I hopped into the backseat, there was nowhere else for me to go."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 175: "He was definitely invading my personal space, as I had learned in Human Evolution class last summer, and I instinctively backed up till my legs hit the chair I had been sitting in. That just made him move in closer, until the grommets in the leather embossed the backs of my knees, and he finally tilted the book toward me."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|-
|valign=top|''Sloppy Firsts'', page 223: "Marcus finds me completely nonsexual. No tension to complicate our whatever relationship. I should be relieved."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|valign=top|page 175-176: "Sean only wanted me as a friend. A nonsexual female friend. That was a good thing. There would be no tension to complicate our relationship and my soon-to-be relationship with Jeff Akel. I was relieved."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-28 Examples"/>
|}
</blockquote>

====TV interview====
On April 26, 2006, Viswanathan appeared on [[NBC]]'s ''[[Today (NBC program)|The Today Show]]'' with [[Katie Couric]].<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-26 Couric">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513047 |title=Harvard Spokesman Clarifies Remarks on Viswanathan 'Investigation' |author=Crimson Staff |date=April 26, 2006 |work=The Harvard Crimson |access-date=June 1, 2009 |archive-date=July 18, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718221822/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513047 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Today video 2006-04-26">{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540 |title=Video: Kaavya Viswanathan interview |date=April 26, 2006 |work=[[Today (NBC program)|The Today Show]] |publisher=[[NBC]] (Segment length 00:03:40). NBC News |access-date=June 1, 2009 |archive-date=January 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129090138/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/21134540/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Today trans 2006-04-26">{{cite web |url=http://icue.nbcunifiles.com/icue/files/icue/site/pdf/2194.pdf |title=Partial transcript: Kaavya Viswanathan interview (April 26, 2006) |date=April 26, 2006 |work=The Today Show |publisher=[[NBC]]. icue.nbcunifiles.com |access-date=June 1, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818071856/http://icue.nbcunifiles.com/icue/files/icue/site/pdf/2194.pdf |archive-date=August 18, 2011 }}</ref> Viswanathan maintained her innocence, saying that any and all similarities were "completely unconscious and unintentional" and that she must have "internalized [McCafferty's] words," never deliberately meaning to "take any."<ref name="Today video 2006-04-26"/><ref name="Today trans 2006-04-26"/> She maintained, "as I was writing, I genuinely believed that every single word I wrote was my own. I was so surprised and horrified when I found these similarities, when I heard about them over this weekend."<ref name="Today video 2006-04-26"/><ref name="Today trans 2006-04-26"/> Asked about the plot similarities between ''Opal Mehta'' and McCafferty's novels, Viswanathan told Couric, "I wrote about what I knew, my personal experiences. I'm an Indian-American girl who got good grades, from New Jersey, who wanted to go to an Ivy League school, and I drew upon my own experiences, upon quirks of the people around me and my culture, to create my character Opal Mehta."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-26 Couric"/><ref name="Today video 2006-04-26"/><ref name="HI 2006-05-03">{{cite web |url=http://www.harvardindependent.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleID=9964 |title=Yet More Suspicious Passages Found in Kaavya's ''Opal Mehta'' |first=Jon |last=Liu |work=[[The Harvard Independent]] |date=May 3, 2006 |access-date=August 9, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809000240/http://www.harvardindependent.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleID=9964 |archive-date=August 9, 2007}}</ref> Viswanathan stated her intention to put an acknowledgement to McCafferty in the foreword of future printings of ''Opal Mehta'', and said of McCafferty "I hope that she can forgive me for whatever distress I've caused her."<ref name="Today video 2006-04-26"/><ref name="Today trans 2006-04-26"/> Couric then asked, "Do you think that's realistic ... given all the controversy surrounding [[James Frey]] and his book ... Or do you think that ... they can forgive and forget?"<ref name="Today video 2006-04-26"/><ref name="Today trans 2006-04-26"/> Viswanathan responded, "I mean, that's what I'd hope that people can do. I hope that people who know me will believe that I'm telling the truth, that I've never been anything less than honest in my entire life, that I'm so horribly sorry for this mistake. But that's all it was, a completely unintentional mistake."<ref name="Today video 2006-04-26"/><ref name="Today trans 2006-04-26"/>

===Additional accusations===

====Salman Rushdie====
Within days after the story broke, Viswanathan's name became one of the most searched terms at the [[blog]] [[web search engine|search engine]] [[Technorati]], and the scandal was a popular topic for commentators at web forums from [[MetaFilter]] to [[Amazon.com]] and [[Gawker.com]].<ref name="NYT 2006-05-01"/> On May 1, 2006, ''The New York Times'' ran a story giving national prominence to claims on the [[Sepia Mutiny]] blog that Viswanathan may have lifted text from [[Salman Rushdie]]'s 1990 novel ''[[Haroun and the Sea of Stories]]''.<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Cancel"/><ref name="NYT 2006-05-01"/>
<blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Rushdie's ''Haroun and the Sea of Stories'''''
! '''Viswanathan's ''Opal Mehta'''''
|-
|valign=top|page 35: Warning reads, "If from speed you get your thrill / take precaution—make your will."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/>
|valign=top|page 118: Poster reads, "If from drink you get your thrill, take precaution—write your will."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/>
|-
|valign=top|page 31: Warning reads, "All the dangerous overtakers / end up safe at undertaker's."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/>
|valign=top|page 119: Poster reads, "All the dangerous drug abusers end up safe as total losers."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/>
|}
</blockquote>

====Sophie Kinsella====
On May 2, 2006, ''The New York Times'' noted "striking similarities" between passages in ''Opal Mehta'' and those in [[Sophie Kinsella]]'s 2003 "chick-lit" novel ''[[Can You Keep a Secret? (novel)|Can You Keep a Secret?]]''.<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Cancel"/><ref name="NYT 2006-05-02">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/02/books/02auth.html?_r=1&hp&ex=1146542400&en=98fa1c6ed2e3db16&ei=5094&partner=homepage |title=A Second Ripple in Plagiarism Scandal |last1=Smith |first1=Dinitia |last2=Rich |first2=Motoko |work=The New York Times |date=May 2, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=January 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115112601/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/02/books/02auth.html?_r=1&hp&ex=1146542400&en=98fa1c6ed2e3db16&ei=5094&partner=homepage |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CNN.com 2006-05-05">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/books/05/02/youngauthor.ap/index.html |title=Harvard author faces further allegations of borrowing |agency=Associated Press |work=CNN.com |date=May 5, 2006 |access-date=May 12, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512194550/http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/books/05/02/youngauthor.ap/index.html |archive-date=May 12, 2006}}</ref> Viswanathan and Little, Brown declined to comment.<ref name="NYT 2006-05-02"/>

<blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Kinsella's ''Can You Keep a Secret?'''''
! '''Viswanathan's ''Opal Mehta'''''
|-
|valign=top|pages 304–5: "a full-scale argument about animal rights ... The mink like being made into coats."<ref name="NYT 2006-05-02"/>
|valign=top|pages 264–5: "a full-fledged debate over animal rights .. The foxes want to be made into scarves."<ref name="NYT 2006-05-02"/>
|-
|valign=top|page 350: "And we'll tell everyone you got your Donna Karan coat from a discount warehouse shop." 
Jemima gasps. "I didn't!" she says, colour suffusing her cheeks. 
"You did! I saw the carrier bag," I chime in. "And we'll make it public that your pearls are cultured, not real..." 
Jemima claps a hand over her mouth... 
"OK!" says Jemima, practically in tears. "OK! I promise I'll forget all about it. I promise! Just please don't mention the discount warehouse shop. Please."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/><ref name="NYT 2006-05-02"/>
|valign=top|page 282: "And I'll tell everyone that in eighth grade you used to wear a 'My Little Pony' sweatshirt to school every day," I continued. 
Priscilla gasped. "I didn't!" she said, her face purpling again. 
"You did! I even have pictures," I said. "And I'll make it public that you named your dog Pythagoras..." 
Priscilla opened her mouth and gave a few soundless gulps... 
"Okay, fine!" she said in complete consternation. "Fine! I promise I'll do whatever you want. I'll talk to the club manager. Just please don't mention the sweatshirt. Please."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/><ref name="NYT 2006-05-02"/>
|}
</blockquote>

====Meg Cabot====
On May 2, 2006, ''The Harvard Crimson'' identified passages that Viswanathan had lifted from [[Meg Cabot]]'s 2000 novel ''[[The Princess Diaries]]''.<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/><ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Cancel"/><ref name="CNN.com 2006-05-05"/> In the same article, ''Crimson'' noted that "few—if any—'chick-lit' works have ever received the level of intense scrutiny that 'Opal Mehta' is now enduring, and it is not clear whether the new allegations suggest further plagiarism, or whether Viswanathan is simply employing [[trope (literature)|tropes]] that are widely-used in the genre."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/>

<blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Cabot's ''The Princess Diaries'''''
! '''Viswanathan's ''Opal Mehta'''''
|-
|valign=top|page 127: "Meanwhile, Paulo was picking up chunks of my hair and making this face and going, all sadly, "It must go. It must ''all'' go." And it went. All of it. Well, almost all of it. I still have some like bangs and a little fringe in back."
|valign=top|page 57: "The whole time, Frederic (I wondered if anyone dared call him Freddie) kept picking up long strands of my hair and making sad faces. "It must go," he said. "It must all go." And it went. Not all of it, because after four inches vanished, I started making panicked, whimpering sounds that touched even Frederic's heart ..."
|-
|valign=top|page 126: "And it is sort of hard when all these beautiful, fashionable people are telling you how good you'd look in this and how much that would bring out your cheekbones ... And I kept telling myself, She's only doing this because she loves you ..."
|valign=top|page 58: "In my defense, it was hard to be uptight and prickly while surrounded by beautiful, fashionable people all telling me how good I'd look in that shade and what this color would do to enhance my cheekbones."
|-
|valign=top|page 12: "There isn't a single inch of me that hasn't been pinched, cut, filed, painted, sloughed, blown dry, or moisturized. [...] Because I don't look a thing like Mia Thermopolis. Mia Thermopolis never had fingernails. Mia Thermopolis never had blond highlights.<ref name="CNN.com 2006-05-05"/> Mia Thermopolis never wore makeup or Gucci shoes or Chanel skirts or Christian Dior bras, which by the way don't even come in 32A, which is my size. I don't even know who I am anymore. It certainly isn't Mia Thermopolis. ''She's turning me into someone else.''"<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/>
|valign=top|page 59: "Every inch of me had been cut, filed, steamed, exfoliated, polished, painted, or moisturized. I didn't look a thing like Opal Mehta. Opal Mehta didn't own five pairs of shoes so expensive they could have been traded in for a small sailboat.<ref name="CNN.com 2006-05-05"/> She didn't wear makeup or Manolo Blahniks or Chanel sunglasses or Habitual jeans or La Perla bras. She never owned enough cashmere to make her concerned for the future of the Kazakhstani mountain goat population. I was turning into someone else."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/>
|}
</blockquote>

====Tanuja Desai Hidier====
On April 26, 2006, Viswanathan had told ''The New York Times'', "I've never read a novel with an Indian-American protagonist ... The plot points are reflections of my own experience. I'm an Indian-American."<ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Read"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw"/> Subsequently, on May 3, 2006, ''[[The Harvard Independent]]'' noted three passages in ''Opal Mehta'' similar to [[Tanuja Desai Hidier]]'s ''[[Born Confused]]'' (2002), another young adult novel about an Indian-American teenager in New Jersey.<ref name="HI 2006-05-03"/> They cited "uncanny resemblance in imagery, sentence structure, and paragraph organization" between the two books.<ref name="HI 2006-05-03"/> Hidier later stated that she had "ironically" been alerted to the allegations on the day Viswanathan was quoted in ''The New York Times''.<ref name="DesiClub 2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.desiclub.com/community/culture/culture_article.cfm?id=265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904112724/http://desiclub.com/community/culture/culture_article.cfm?id=265 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 4, 2006 |title=Tanuja Desai Hidier on ''Born Confused'' & ''Opal Mehta'' |first=Tanuja Desai |last=Hidier |publisher=DesiClub.com |year=2006 |access-date=June 2, 2009}}</ref> Hidier said:

<blockquote>
"I was stunned to find two dozen instances of lifting from ''Born Confused'' in the ''Opal Mehta'' book ... I also drew largely from autobiography to tell the story of my 17-year-old Indian American Jersey girl, Dimple Lala. And I hadn't read any books I could recall with a [[South Asia]]n American teen protagonist at that point (I wrote ''Born Confused'' in 2000/2001 and it launched in 2002). To the best of my knowledge ''Born Confused'' was the first book with a US female teen [[desi]] heroine; that was one of the reasons my publisher wanted it, and it is certainly one of the reasons I wrote it ... And so I was extremely surprised to find that the majority, though not all, of the passages in ''Opal Mehta'' taken from ''Born Confused'' are those dealing with descriptions of various aspects of South Asian culture (food, dress, locale, even memories of India, etc.) and the way that culture is expressed in America; essentially every scene of ''Opal Mehta'' that deals with any aspect of South Asian culture in more than passing detail has lifted something from ''Born Confused''. One would think that these kinds of cultural details at least could have been drawn from Ms. Viswanathan's personal experience, given our similar cultural backgrounds (and the similar cultural backgrounds and ages of our protagonists)."<ref name="DesiClub 2006"/>
</blockquote>

An excerpt of ''Born Confused'' had appeared in ''[[Seventeen (American magazine)|Seventeen]]'' magazine in 2002.<ref name="DesiClub 2006"/> Hidier was subsequently contacted by Viswanathan's future book packager 17th Street/Alloy, but she declined their offer to collaborate with her on an "Indian-American teen story."<ref name="DesiClub 2006"/> Hidier noted in 2006 that "several parts of this excerpt – including the opening and closing – are present and strongly echoed in the ''Opal Mehta'' book."<ref name="DesiClub 2006"/> She added that ''Born Confused'' contained many specific details from her own life which had been recycled by Viswanathan:<ref name="DesiClub 2006"/>

<blockquote>
"It was a surreal experience for me, looking at these and the other parallel parts side by side. The feeling was almost as if someone had broken into your home – and in some ways this is what literally had happened, considering so much of ''Born Confused'' is drawn from my life (and home): The alcohol cabinet in my non-drinking household in small town [[Massachusetts]] was now in Opal's, the details of my family's two dinnertimes because of all the years of working late into the night by my father, too; my mother's food, from her mother's recipes, transplanted to Opal's table, her slinky black outfit too; my ecstatic and eye-opening discovery of [[Jackson Heights, Queens]] during an enthralled and emotional day there many years ago, suddenly turned to [[Edison, New Jersey]] ... Did [Viswanathan and/or Alloy] think you could just substitute one kind of Indian for another? A friend brought my attention to a couple observant bloggers who seemed to have caught on early to this grand error, commenting on how jarring it was to see a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]]/[[Marathi people|Marathi]] meal on a South Indian table ... and that some of the memories of India hearken back to a much older India in the ''Opal Mehta'' book (which makes sense considering the many years that separate Ms. Viswanathan and myself) – details that may have escaped a person not familiar with the culture."<ref name="DesiClub 2006"/>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Hidier's ''Born Confused'''''
! '''Viswanathan's ''Opal Mehta'''''
|-
|valign=top|page 85: "Finally, I tore open the package they made me save for last. Inside, padded carefully between layers of tissue, was an unbelievably resounding salvar khamees, one of those Indian outfits consisting of loose-fitting pants with a long top and scarf, or dupatta. The deep crimson fabric screamed sanguinely open. A river of nearly neon gold dye wound noisily through its length. The salvar was ornately embroidered with gold and silver and garnet beads and little bells that made a racket even as I lifted it out of the box. All in all it was, in fact, so loud I could hear it. Heavy, too — funny how all those little driblets could add up."<ref name="HI 2006-05-03"/>
|valign=top|page 125-126: "I looked at the multicolored swirl-patterned box hesitantly. In my past experience, gifts from Edison rarely boded well. And when I tore apart the layers of carefully packed tissue paper, I found an elaborate salwar kameez — loose pants, a long tunic-style top, and a trailing scarf, or dupatta. The salwar was a startling peacock-green, and embroidered so ornately with gold and silver threads and glittering beads that it made my eyes hurt. When I lifted it up, the room resounded to the tinkle of thousands of tiny golden bells. It was surprisingly heavy — all that jigna really added up — and it was the last thing in the world I ever wanted to wear."<ref name="HI 2006-05-03"/>
|-
|valign=top|page 92-93: "All day the house had smelled of spices, and now before our eyes lay the resulting combustion of all that kitchen chemistry. The feast my mother had conjured up was extravagant, and I realized how hungry I was; I wasn't a big fan of Indian food, at least not on a daily basis, but today the sight of it was pure poetry ... Brown sugar roti and cloud-puff puris just itching to be popped. Coconut rice fluffed up over the silver pot like a sweet-smelling pillow. Samosas transparent, peas bundling just below the surface. Spinach with nymph-finger cloves of garlic that sank like butter on the tongue. A vat of cucumber raita, the two-percent yogurt thickened with sour cream (which my mom added when we had guests, though she denied it when asked; I'd seen the empty carton, not a kitten lick left). And the centerpiece: a deep serving dish of lamb curry, the pieces melting tenderly off the bone."<ref name="HI 2006-05-03"/>
|valign=top|page 130: "This year, fortunately, there wasn't an egg in sight. Instead, the house had smelled of spices all day, and when we sat down at the dining room table, I nearly combusted at the sight of the extravagant feast my mom had conjured up. Usually I wasn't a big fan of Indian food, but today I was suddenly starving. The table creaked with the weight of crisp, brown rotis and feather-light, puffy puris. A basket of my favorite kheema naan sat beside the clouds of cashew and sultana-studded coconut rice in an enormous pot. There was plump okra fried in oil and garlic till it melted like butter on the tongue, aloo curry studded with peppercorns and glistening chopped chilis, and a crock of raita, a cool, delicious mixture of yogurt and sour cream, bursting with finely chopped onions and cucumbers. The centerpiece was a deep dish of mutton curry, the meat (my mom only used halal bought from an Arab butcher in Edison) already falling off the bone."<ref name="HI 2006-05-03"/>
|-
|valign=top|page 13: "India. I had few memories of the place, but the ones I held were dream clear: Bathing in a bucket as a little girl. The unnerving richness of buffalo milk drunk from a pewter cup. My Dadaji pouring tea into a saucer so it would cool faster, sipping from the edge of the thin dish, never spilling a drop. A whole host of kitchen gods (looking so at home in the undishwashed unmicrowaved room). Meera Maasi crouching on the floor to sift the stones from rice. Cows huddled in the middle of the vegetable market, sparrows nesting on their backs. Hibiscus so brilliant they look like they'd caught fire. Children with red hair living in tires. A perpetual squint against sun and dust. The most delicious orange soda I've ever drunk — the cap-split hiss, and then the bubbling jetstream down a parched throat."<ref name="HI 2006-05-03"/>
|valign=top|page 230-231: "I had only a few memories of India; the last time my family visited was six years ago, when I was in the sixth grade….Some impressions stood out sharply in my mind, still as clear as freshly developed Polaroids. I remembered the cold, creamy taste of fresh buffalo milk, Babaji pouring Ovaltine from one tin cup to another until froth bubbled thickly on the surface and it was cool enough to drink. I remembered shooting rockets made of coconut leaves off the rooftop terrace, and watching the beady-eyed green-and-yellow lizards that scuttled over the putty-colored walls after a hard rain. I remembered cold baths from a bucket with a plastic dipper, and sweet, oily badam halva from the nearby Chola hotel. Sometimes I still read the old Enid Blyton books, which were only available in countries of the former British empire. Most of all, I could close my eyes and return to the smells of sun and dust and refuse, mixed with sharp chilis, my grandmother's soft rose talcum powder, and the heady, sweet scent of blossoming hibiscus."<ref name="HI 2006-05-03"/>
|}
</blockquote>

==Fallout and reaction==
In her initial statement on April 24, 2006, Viswanathan had stated that she and the publisher would be revising the novel for future printings "to eliminate any inappropriate similarities."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Cancel"/><ref name="Crimson 2009-04-24"/> The same day, Michael Pietsch of Little, Brown stated, "Kaavya Viswanathan is a decent, serious, and incredibly hard-working writer and student, and I am confident that we will learn that any similarities in phrasings were unintentional."<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-26"/> He subsequently noted that an acknowledgment to McCafferty would be added to future printings,<ref name="NYT 2006-04-25"/> an intention echoed by Viswanathan in her April 26, 2006 interview with Katie Couric on ''The Today Show''.<ref name="Today trans 2006-04-26"/> Little, Brown recalled all copies of ''Opal Mehta'' on April 27, 2006.<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Cancel"/><ref name="NYT 2006-04-27 Withdraw"/> The next day, [[edition (book)|first edition]] copies of the novel were priced at $80 on [[eBay]].<ref name="NYT 2006-05-01"/> On May 2, 2006, after further allegations of plagiarism had come to light, Little, Brown released a statement from Pietsch saying, "Little, Brown and Company will not be publishing a revised edition of ''How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life'' by Kaavya Viswanathan, nor will we publish the second book under contract."<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Cancel"/> [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks]] had already halted development of the film adaptation in late April 2006.<ref name="Crimson 2006-05-02 Similar"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-apr-29-et-ruttenside29-story.html |title=Now ''Opal'' won't get a movie |first=Robin |last=Abcarian |work=Los Angeles Times |date=April 29, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707045028/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/04/29/calendar/et-ruttenside29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Harvard University said soon after controversy broke that it would not affect her academic standing there.<ref name="Rediff 2006-04-26"/> She graduated with honors in 2008,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyfamily-digital.com/nyfamily/200812/?pg=22 |title=Kaavya Emptor |first=Greg |last=Atwan |work=The Harvard |publisher=NYFamily-Digital.com (Volume 3, Number 1)|date=December 2008 – January 2009|access-date=October 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218202955/http://www.nyfamily-digital.com/nyfamily/200812/?pg=22 |archive-date=December 18, 2008}}</ref> and subsequently went to [[Georgetown Law]] School, from which she graduated in 2011, the same year her parents were killed in a small plane crash in Ohio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2011/06/21/scam-gals-tragic-loss/|title=Scam gal's tragic loss|work=New York Post|publisher=Nypost.com|date=June 21, 2011|access-date=January 13, 2021|archive-date=September 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906063306/https://nypost.com/2011/06/21/scam-gals-tragic-loss/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On May 18, 2006, McCafferty noted, "I had heard so much about her book and I had planned on reading it [before the allegations surfaced] ... It was sad and it was a shock that it could happen on such a big scale ... This was a big book that was getting so much attention and publicity. It is the most surreal thing that's ever happened to me."<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> Alerted to the situation two weeks before ''The Harvard Crimson'' picked up the story, she stated that "The media broke it and I was sick to my stomach ... People don't know how hard it was to have somebody else take that from me and try and profit. As someone [who has been] writing my entire life, to build my career, it almost made me lose faith in the publishing industry."<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> Though Alloy Entertainment had previously stated that it helped Viswanathan conceptualize the book but did not help with the actual writing,<ref name="Crimson 2006-04-27"/><ref name="Boston 2006-04-26"/> McCafferty also raised the issue of their possible culpability in the scandal.<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> As book packagers sometimes use their own staff or hire freelance writers to [[ghostwriter|ghostwrite]] manuscripts for publishers, McCafferty asked, "Was it the book packagers who really wrote the book and plagiarized my books or was it her?"<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/>

Of Viswanathan being remembered for the scandal, McCafferty also said, "I wouldn't want to be defined by a mistake made in such a public way ... I hope she can move on from this. I hope that for both of us."<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> In addition, she noted that "Books for teens have taken a huge beating in the media" in the aftermath of the incident.<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> "These very elitist comments about 'how all books for teens are crap; so isn't this just crap stealing from crap'. My books are not crap."<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> McCafferty noted that she was insulted by an opinion letter published in ''The New York Times'' in which one writer wrote that teen books are "undemanding literature for undemanding readers."<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/> "There's so much good writing for teenagers now," she said. "People make across the board judgments."<ref name="GMNews 2006-05-18"/>

The reception and fallout from the publication of the novel was discussed by Shaleena Koruth in the 2014 book ''Postliberalization Indian Novels in English: Politics of Global Reception and Awards''.<ref name="Viswamohan2014">{{cite book|author=Aysha Iqbal Viswamohan|title=Postliberalization Indian Novels in English: Politics of Global Reception and Awards|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O94ZBQAAQBAJ|date=November 1, 2014|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-78308-334-3|access-date=August 13, 2020|archive-date=April 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407054916/https://books.google.com/books?id=O94ZBQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|Books|India|Children and Young Adult Literature}}
* [http://www.nysun.com/article/12648 "Publisher Bets Big on Harvard Freshman"], ''[[The New York Sun]]'', April 22, 2005.
* [[Geoffrey K. Pullum]], [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/003066.html "Probability Theory and Viswanathan's Plagiarism"], ''Language Log'', April 25, 2006.
* Bill Poser, [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/003068.html "In Defense of Kaavya Viswanathan"], ''Language Log'', April 25, 2006.
* {{cite web |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513015 |title=Soph Says She's Sorry for Overlap |last1=Zhou |first1=David |last2=Bhayani |first2=Paras D. |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=April 25, 2006 |access-date=June 1, 2009}}
* [http://gladwell.typepad.com/gladwellcom/2006/04/viswanathangate.html "Viswanathan-gate"], ''New Yorker'' writer Malcolm Gladwell's personal blog, April 30, 2006
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060517093627/http://www.harvardindependent.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleID=9933 "Inside 17th Street"], ''The Harvard Independent'', April 26, 2006.
* [http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513105 "A Tarnished ''Opal''"], ''The Harvard Crimson'', April 27, 2006
* [http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513000 "Sophomore Novelist Admits To Borrowing Language From Earlier Books"], ''The Harvard Crimson'', April 28, 2006.
* {{cite web |url=http://www.azcentral.com/ent/arts/articles/0428novel.html |title=Once-touted novel has uncertain future |work=[[Arizona Republic]] |publisher=AZCentral.com |agency=Associated Press |date=April 28, 2006 |access-date=May 31, 2006}}
* [http://us.rediff.com/news/2006/may/08guest.htm?q=np&file=.htm In Defence of Kaavya Viswanathan] at [[Rediff.com]], May 8, 2006.
* Kurt Andersen, [https://archive.today/20130130200254/http://www.nymetro.com/news/imperialcity/16935/ "Generation Xerox. Youth may not be an excuse for plagiarism. But it is an explanation"], ''New York Magazine'', May 6, 2006
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120211160005/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-05-10/edit-page/27786483_1_novel-kaavya-viswanathan-opal-mehta End of Kaavya], ''[[The Times of India]]'', May 10, 2006
* {{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2006-05-07-opal-scandal_x.htm|title=How ''Opal Mehta'' got shelved|last=Strauss|first=Gary|date=May 7, 2006|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=May 31, 2009}}
* Mark Patinkin, [https://web.archive.org/web/20061014232839/http://www.shns.com/shns/g_index2.cfm?action=detail&pk=PATINKIN-05-09-06 "How Kaavya Viswanathan got herself packaged"], ''The Providence Journal'', May 9, 2006.
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060614161640/http://www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=3730&IssueNum=153 Bride of Frankenstein]}}, ''LA City Beat'', May 11, 2006.
* Bonnie Pfister, [https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060511/ap_en_ot/young_author "Teen Author Earned Good Reputation Early"], Associated Press, May 11, 2006.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060524073551/http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/art/2006/2006may/060512-fingers.html "Fingers in the word-till"], ''Mail & Guardian'', May 12, 2006.
* YRK Reddy, [http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=126899 "Unduly battered Kaavya can still get a better life"]{{Dead link|date=April 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, ''The Financial Express'', May 13, 2006.
* Jordan Bartel, [http://www.carrollcounty.com/articles/2006/05/13/features/encore/columns/jordan_bartel/jordan11.txt "It could just be the nature of the world in which they live."], ''Carroll County Times'', May 13, 2006.
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060513/saturday/main1.htm "Nowadays publishers are basically business people, whose primary motive is to make money."], The Tribune, May 13, 2006.
* [http://www.newstatesman.com/Life/200605150018 "Kira Cochrane pities the young plagiarist"], ''The New Statesman'', May 15, 2006.
* [https://archive.today/20130203165842/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060519/asp/opinion/story_6230390.asp "The Formula Book Factory"], ''The Telegraph'', May 19, 2006.
* [https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2006-05-07-opal-timeline_x.htm "From young literary star to accused plagiarist"], ''USA Today'', May 7, 2006.

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2006 American novels]]
[[Category:2006 controversies in the United States]]
[[Category:2006 debut novels]]
[[Category:American young adult novels]]
[[Category:Books withdrawn after publication]]
[[Category:Chick lit novels]]
[[Category:Little, Brown and Company books]]
[[Category:Novels involved in plagiarism controversies]]
[[Category:Salman Rushdie]]
[[Category:American English-language novels]]

Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli

2026-05-05T14:34:24Z

Animesh: Adding Initial Place W/ Refs

{{Short description|Hindu temple of Krishna in Karauli, Rajasthan}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Shri Radha MadanMohan Ji Temple
| image =File:Madanmohan-ji.jpg
| caption =[[Krishn]] with [[Radha]] (right) and [[Lalita (gopi)]] in central altar of the temple.
| map_type = India Rajasthan
| map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26|49|6.3|N|77|03|37.7|E|type:landmark_region:IN_scale:100|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = श्री राधा मदनमोहन जी मंदिर
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Karauli]]
| locale = [[Karauli]]
| deity = [[Radha Krishna|Radha Madanmohan]]
| festivals=[[Janmashtami]], [[Radhashtami]], [[Holi]]
| year_completed = 1600 CE
| creator = Shri Gopal Singh Ji
}}
'''Shri Radha Madan Mohan Ji Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] situated at [[Karauli]], in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. The temple is located on the banks of the Bhadravati River, a tributary of the [[Banas River]] in the hills of [[Aravali Range|Aravali]]. It is located in the braj region. The temple is dedicated to [[Madan Mohan]] form of [[Krishna]]. In the central altar, Krishna is flanked with the icons of his consort [[Radha]] and [[Lalita (gopi)|Lalita]] on either side.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli - Info, Timings, Photos, History|url=https://www.templepurohit.com/hindu-temple/madan-mohan-temple-karauli/|access-date=2021-07-02|website=TemplePurohit - Your Spiritual Destination {{!}} Bhakti, Shraddha Aur Ashirwad|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Madan Mohan Ji Temple - History, Timings, Accommodations, Puja|url=https://www.rvatemples.com/listings/madan-mohan-ji-temple/|access-date=2021-07-02|website=RVA Temples|language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
The temple is dedicated to [[Krishna]]. It is believed that one night, King Gopal Singh was instructed by the Lord in his dream to bring his [[Madan Mohan]] idol from [[Vrindavan]] to Rajasthan before the attack of [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] on Vrindavan temples. As instructed, the king of Karauli brought the original idol of Madan Mohan with him overnight and got this temple constructed Karauli.<ref name=":0">[http://devasthan.rajasthan.gov.in/images/Karauli/madanmohanji.htm Temple profile of Madan Mohanji]</ref>

It is also said that to protect idols of Krishna from Mughals, two idols were brought from [[Vrindavan]] and placed one at [[Karauli]] and another at [[Jaipur]]. It is said that to complete the [[Govardhan hill|Govardhan]] Yatra, it is mandatory to visit Madan Mohan temple and [[Govind Dev Ji Temple]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shri Radha Madan Mohan Mandir {{!}} श्री राधा मदन मोहन मंदिर {{!}} Vrindavan Uttar Pradesh {{!}} About, Aarti, Timings, Photo, How to Reach|url=https://www.bhaktibharat.com/en/mandir/madan-mohan-mandir|access-date=2021-07-02|website=BhaktiBharat.com|language=en}}</ref>

It is one of the ''Char Dham of [[Karauli District]]''. Other three are [[Kaila Devi Temple]], [[Mehandipur Balaji Temple]] and [[Shri Mahavirji]].

Devotees used to put the [[Prasad (food offering)|Prasad]]. ''Jugal Prasad'' is a kind of [[Bhog]] in which devotees offer Laddu and Kachauri. It is put once in a day by one person only. The queue for the same is around two year long.

==Festivals==
On the festivals like [[Krishna Janmashtami]], [[Radhashtami]], [[Gopashtami]] and [[Holi]], temple witness large number of devotees visiting from across the Rajasthan for the "Darshan" of deities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=श्रीकृष्ण के इस मंदिर में रोज लगता है सात बार भोग|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/astrology/spiritual/article1-karaulimadan-mohan-temple-507168.html|access-date=2021-05-07|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref> Temple premises are decorated with huge amount of flowers on occasion of important festivals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli - Info, Timings, Photos, History|url=https://www.rajasthantourplanner.com/Monuments-Citywise/karauli-madan-mohan-temple.html|access-date=2021-07-02|website=www.rajasthantourplanner.com}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Karauli]]
* [[Govind Dev Ji Temple]]
* [[Radha Gopinath Temple, Jaipur|Gopinath Ji Temple, Jaipur]]
* [[Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan]]
* [[Kaila Devi Temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*http://www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/karauli.html
*https://www.rajasthantourplanner.com/Monuments-Citywise/karauli-madan-mohan-temple.html
{{Hindu temples in Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Radha Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Karauli district]]

List of Indian Bengali films of 1933

2026-05-04T00:51:57Z

Animesh: redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of Indian Bengali films before 1950]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from merge}}
{{R from history}}
{{R from more specific name}}
}}

Guntur Kaaram

2026-05-02T05:19:31Z

Animesh: starting basic info w/ refs...

{{Short description|2024 Indian film directed by Trivikram Srinivas}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Guntur Kaaram
| image = Guntur Kaaram film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Trivikram Srinivas]]
| writer = Trivikram Srinivas
| producer = [[S. Radha Krishna]]
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[Mahesh Babu]]
| [[Jayaram]]
| [[Ramya Krishna]]
| [[Prakash Raj]]
| [[Sreeleela]]
| [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]]
| [[Easwari Rao]]
| [[Jagapathi Babu]]
| [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]
| [[Rao Ramesh]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Manoj Paramahamsa]] [[P. S. Vinod]]
| editing = [[Naveen Nooli]]
| music = [[Thaman S]]
| studio = [[Haarika & Hassine Creations]]
| distributor =
| runtime = 159 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2024 |title='Guntur Kaaram' clears censor; locks runtime |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/guntur-kaaram-clears-censor-locks-runtime-849167 |website=The Hans India}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|1|12}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|200 crore}}<ref name="BusStdBudget">{{Cite web |title=Mahesh Babu's Guntur Kaaram trailer to be out soon, check when to watch |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/mahesh-babu-s-guntur-kaaram-trailer-to-be-out-soon-check-when-to-watch-124010300468_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2023 |title=Mahesh Babu To Get Rs 78 Crore For Trivikram Srinivas' Guntur Kaaram? Details Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mahesh-babu-to-get-rs-78-crore-for-trivikram-srinivas-guntur-kaaram-details-inside-8380063.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811001442/https://www.news18.com/movies/mahesh-babu-to-get-rs-78-crore-for-trivikram-srinivas-guntur-kaaram-details-inside-8380063.html |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=News18}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}172 - {{INR}}212 crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2024 |title= Guntur Kaaram producer ADMITS having early morning show for Mahesh Babu's film was "mistake"|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/guntur-kaaram-producer-admits-early-morning-show-mahesh-babus-film-mistake/ |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2024 |title=Guntur Kaaram final box office collections: Mahesh Babu close with 172Cr Worldwide|url= https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/guntur-kaaram-final-box-office-collections-mahesh-babu-close-with-172cr-worldwide-1277197 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref>
}}

'''''Guntur Kaaram: Highly Inflammable''''' ({{IPA|te|ɡʊɳʈuːɾ kaːɾʌm|pron}}; {{translation|The Spice of [[Guntur]]}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBFC | Search Film |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwNzIxMTIyMDIzMDAwNTM= |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref> is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guntur Karam |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/guntur-karam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde4njk5 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |quote=A unpredictable yet charismatic man takes on underground political factions in this Telugu language action drama.}}</ref> written and directed by [[Trivikram Srinivas]] and produced by [[S. Radha Krishna]] through [[Haarika & Hassine Creations]]. It features [[Mahesh Babu]] in the lead role, alongside [[Jayaram]], [[Ramya Krishna]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Sreeleela]], [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]], [[Easwari Rao]], [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] and [[Rao Ramesh]].

The film was officially announced in May 2021 under the tentative title ''SSMB28,'' as it is Babu's 28th film in the leading role, and the official title was announced in May 2023. [[Principal photography]] commenced in September 2022, predominantly shot in [[Hyderabad]], and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by late-December 2023. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by [[Thaman S]], with cinematography handled by [[Manoj Paramahamsa]] and editing handled by [[Naveen Nooli]].

''Guntur Kaaram'' was released in theatres worldwide on 12 January 2024, coinciding with [[Sankranti]], to mixed-to-negative reviews from the critics and audience alike. Trivikram's direction and screenplay were highly criticized, while Babu's performance was unanimously acclaimed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2024 |title=Guntur Kaaram Review: Mahesh Babu Fights An Uphill Battle Against A Soulless Script |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/guntur-kaaram-review-mahesh-babu-fights-an-uphill-battle-against-a-soulless-script-trivikram-sreeleela-prakash-raj |quote=Guntur Kaaram Review: Mahesh Babu Fights An Uphill Battle Against A Soulless Script.You see, with Guntur Kaaram, the idea is great, and the emotional beats were all there but somehow, they don’t come together to make a strong impact.}}</ref> It eventually grossed around 172-212 crores worldwide against its budget of ₹200 crores, becoming a below-average grosser.<ref name="bo">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2024 |title=Guntur Kaaram producer ADMITS having early morning show for Mahesh Babu's film was "mistake" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/guntur-kaaram-producer-admits-early-morning-show-mahesh-babus-film-mistake/ |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2024 |title=Guntur Kaaram Total WW Collections! |url=https://t2blive.com/guntur-kaaram-movie-total-ww-collections/|access-date=14 October 2025 |website=T2B Live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In 1998, in [[Guntur]], brothers and notorious hooligans Dokka Marx Babu and Lenin Babu burned down Bhogineni Satyam's mirchi factory. During the chaos, Satyam's brother-in-law, Rangam, accidentally kills Lenin, leading Satyam to take the blame and get imprisoned for 12 years. Satyam's son, Ramana, loses partial vision in his left eye due to the explosion. Following this, Satyam's wife, Vasundhara, leaves him and moves back to [[Hyderabad]], eventually marrying her cousin, Narayana.

In 2023, Vasundhara became the Minister of Law under her father, Vyra Venkata Swamy's political party. However, her past and her son, Ramana, become liabilities when Kata Madhu, a rival politician, threatens to expose Ramana's identity. Venkata Swamy pressures Ramana into signing a legal document to sever ties with Vasundhara in exchange for money, but Ramana refuses unless he can meet his mother. Tensions rise as Venkata Swamy's lawyer, Paani, and assistant Balu try to coerce Ramana into submission. To force Ramana's hand, Venkata Swamy orders a false [[First information report|FIR]] accusing Ramana of destroying property and assaulting guards. Despite Balu's empathy and efforts to help Ramana get bail, the situation escalates, culminating in Ramana confronting his grandfather Venkata Swamy.

Ramana's confrontation with his mother, Vasundhara, leads to a slap that compels him to sign the document. Kata Madhu, seizing the opportunity, exposes Ramana's identity to the media, revealing his lineage with Vasundhara. Venkata Swamy's attempts to arrest Ramana fail, and Satyam, from prison, unveils painful truths about Vasundhara's past decisions, including her role in the trial that led to Satyam's wrongful conviction. Ramana, devastated by the revelation, is later kidnapped by the blind contract killer "Gelatin" Babji, who reveals that Venkata Swamy and Narayana had plotted to have Ramana killed. Elsewhere, Vasundhara is struck by a lorry and is hospitalised. Ramana rushes to see her; Venkata Swamy reveals to him that Hari Das, a rowdy, and Kata Madhu planned to murder Vasundhara under the guise of the accident. He convinces Ramana to kill them to prove that he is Vasundhara's son. In the process, he also reveals to Paani that he orchestrated the attack on Satyam's factory in 1998 to bring his daughter back, as he lost the elections then due to Vasundhara marrying Satyam, who was from another caste.

When Ramana goes to confront Hari Das, he reveals that he never planned the murder with Kata. Still, his vengeance is towards Venkata Swamy, with whom he set up a business 25 years ago, and was eventually backstabbed by him. As the story unfolds, it's revealed that Narayana and Venkata Swamy orchestrated the supposed accident on Vasundhara to further their political ambitions. In the final confrontation, at an event to make Raja Gopal, Vasundhara's son with Narayana, an [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]], Narayana reveals to Venkata Swamy that Gopal is not their biological son but was merely adopted by Vasundhara to fool her father so that Ramana can be saved from harm. Even though they are married, they never consummated and slept separately in their bedroom. Ramana learns of a larger conspiracy involving his mother's sacrifice and his grandfather's manipulation. He becomes enraged at his grandfather, but Vasundhara stops him, and they both go back to Guntur, where she reunites with Satyam and Bujji.

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Mahesh Babu]] as Bhogineni Veera Venkata Ramana alias "Rowdy" Ramana, Satyam and Vasundhara's son
* [[Jayaram]] as Bhogineni Satyanarayana alias "Royal" Satyam, Vasundhara's first husband and Ramana's father, Guntur Kaaram factory owner (voice dubbed by [[P. Ravi Shankar]])
* [[Ramya Krishna]] as Law Minister Vyra Vasundhara, Venkata Swamy's daughter; Ramana's mother and Gopal's adoptive mother; Bhogineni Satyam's ex-wife and Raja Gopal Narayana's wife
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Vyra Venkata Swamy, Vasundhara's father and Ramana's grandfather
* [[Jagapathi Babu]] as Dokka Marx Babu, Lenin's brother and Satyam's rival
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Dokka Lenin Babu, Marx's elder brother
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Pakka Rajagopal "Gopal" Narayana, Vasundhara's second husband; Ramana's stepfather and Gopal's adoptive father
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Adv. Basavaraju Sarangapaani "Paani", Ammu's father and Venkata Swamy's attorney
* [[Sreeleela]] as Basavaraju Aamukta Malyada "Ammu", Paani's daughter and Ramana's love interest
* [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]] as Raji, Ramana's cousin
* [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] in a special appearance as Ramola in the song "[[Kurchi Madathapetti]]"
* [[Rahul Ravindran]] as Vyra Raja Gopal, Vasundhara and Narayana's adopted son and Ramana's adoptive half-brother
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Gelatin Babji, blind contract killer
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Balasubramanyam "Balu", Paani's assistant
* [[Easwari Rao]] as Bujji, Satyam's sister; Rangam's wife; Samba and Raji's mother; Ramana's aunt
* [[Ajay Ghosh]] as Hari Das
* [[P. Ravi Shankar]] as Kata Madhu, Venkata Swamy's rival, opposition leader
* [[Brahmaji]] as [[Inspector#India|CI]] Aadhinarayana
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Rangam, Bujji's husband; Satyam's brother-in-law and Ramana's uncle
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as fake Hari Das
* Pammi Sai as Yakob
* Teja Kakumanu as Samba, Rangam and Bujji's son; Raji's brother and Ramana's cousin
* Mahesh Achanta as Lenin's son and Marx's nephew
* Gopiraju Vijay as Ramana's uncle
* Surabhi Prabhavathi
* Manik Reddy as Mohammed
* Vamsee Chaganti
* [[Chammak Chandra]] as [[Police Constable|Constable]] Mohammed, Rajagopal's assistant
* RJ Hemanth
* Kadambari Kiran Kumar as a doctor{{div col end}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In early April 2021, it was reported that [[Trivikram Srinivas]], who had successful collaborations with both [[Mahesh Babu]] and [[Pooja Hegde]] after working with the former in ''[[Athadu]]'' (2005) and ''[[Khaleja]]'' (2010); the latter in ''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' (2018) and ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' (2020), would collaborate with both Babu and Hegde for his next directorial before his venture with [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|N. T. Rama Rao Jr]]. He reportedly had narrated the script before the final script works which impressed the actor and actress and made them agree to work on the venture, in their third respective collaboration with the director.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 April 2021 |title=Trivikram Srinivas to direct Mahesh Babu and Pooja Hegde? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/trivikram-srinivas-to-direct-mahesh-babu-and-pooja-hegde/articleshow/81969797.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504233710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/trivikram-srinivas-to-direct-mahesh-babu-and-pooja-hegde/articleshow/81969797.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=4 May 2023 |access-date=7 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> On 1 May, the collaboration of Babu and Trivikram was officially announced, under the [[tentative title]] ''SSMB28''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2021 |title=Confirmed: Mahesh Babu and Trivikram Srinivas to join hands for #SSMB28 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-mahesh-babu-and-trivikram-srinivas-to-join-hands-for-ssmb28/articleshow/82341210.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925182034/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-mahesh-babu-and-trivikram-srinivas-to-join-hands-for-ssmb28/articleshow/82341210.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=25 September 2022 |access-date=7 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Production was set to begin in November 2021 as Babu reportedly finished filming by then for ''[[Sarkaru Vaari Paata]]'' (2022). Trivikram repeated his norm technicians from ''Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava'' and ''Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo'': cinematographer [[P. S. Vinod]], editor [[Naveen Nooli]], music composer [[Thaman S]], and art director [[A.S. Prakash]], were finalised as the technical crew. The film was bankrolled by [[S. Radha Krishna]], under Haarika & Hassine Creations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 2021 |title=SSMB 28: Mahesh Babu's film with Trivikram Srinivas to go on floors on this date? Here's what we know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ssmb-28-mahesh-babus-film-with-trivikram-srinivas-to-go-on-floors-on-this-date-heres-what-we-know/articleshow/86427218.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621192606/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ssmb-28-mahesh-babus-film-with-trivikram-srinivas-to-go-on-floors-on-this-date-heres-what-we-know/articleshow/86427218.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=21 June 2023 |access-date=7 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 November 2021 |title=Confirmed: S Thaman is the composer of Mahesh Babu's next with Trivikram Srinivas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-s-thaman-is-the-composer-of-mahesh-babus-next-with-trivikram-srinivas/articleshow/87734104.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624062626/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-s-thaman-is-the-composer-of-mahesh-babus-next-with-trivikram-srinivas/articleshow/87734104.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=24 June 2023 |access-date=7 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

A [[Muhurat shot|muhurtam pooja]] ceremony was held on 3 February 2022 at [[Ramanaidu Studios]] in Hyderabad with the film's cast and crew.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=4 February 2022 |title=Mahesh Babu-Trivikram's shoot begins, actor's wife Namrata Shirodkar attends muhurat puja : Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/mahesh-babu-trivikrams-shoot-begins-actors-wife-namrata-shirodkar-attends-muhurat-puja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205053816/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/mahesh-babu-trivikrams-shoot-begins-actors-wife-namrata-shirodkar-attends-muhurat-puja/ |archive-date=5 February 2022 |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> The film was initially promoted as an action thriller. However, after the completion of the first schedule, reports surfaced about conflicts among crew members and the cast. Subsequently, the production of the film was paused, and the script was reworked. After several months of delay, Trivikram presented a new modified script that transformed the film into a family entertainer, departing from the original narrative as an action thriller. The sequences filmed during the first schedule, including fight sequences choreographed by [[Anbariv]], were intended to be discarded. The shooting recommenced with action sequences as per the modifications done to the script.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2023 |title=Mahesh Babu's next with 'Trivikram' titled 'Guntur Kaaram' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mahesh-babus-next-with-trivikram-titled-guntur-kaaram/article66918862.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603030742/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mahesh-babus-next-with-trivikram-titled-guntur-kaaram/article66918862.ece |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=14 August 2023 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2023 |title=Guntur Karaam: Fight masters Ram Lakshman replaced from Mahesh Babu and Trivikram Srinivas' film? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/guntur-karaam-fight-masters-ram-lakshman-replaced-from-mahesh-babu-and-trivikram-srinivas-film-1235422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813114213/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/guntur-karaam-fight-masters-ram-lakshman-replaced-from-mahesh-babu-and-trivikram-srinivas-film-1235422 |archive-date=13 August 2023 |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===

[[Pooja Hegde]] was initially cast as the lead actress, paired opposite Babu for the second time after [[Maharshi (2019 film)|''Maharshi'']] (2019) as well as in her third collaboration with director, however due to her schedule conflicts, she opted out from the venture and was subsequently replaced by [[Sreeleela]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2021 |title=Pooja Hegde has three films with Trivikram Srinivas? |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/pooja-hegde-has-three-films-with-trivikram-srinivas-694983 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124070203/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/pooja-hegde-has-three-films-with-trivikram-srinivas-694983 |archive-date=24 November 2021 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2021 |title=Mahesh Babu and Trivikram Srinivas' #SSMB28 team revealed: Pooja Hegde on-board |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/mahesh-babu-and-trivikram-srinivas-ssmb28-team-revealed-pooja-hegde-on-board/articleshow/85178370.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809131255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/mahesh-babu-and-trivikram-srinivas-ssmb28-team-revealed-pooja-hegde-on-board/articleshow/85178370.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=7 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The latter was initially signed on to play the second actress role before Hegde opted out, however after that, Sreeleela took over the lead actress role and the second role was replaced by [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SSMB28: Sreeleela to play this role in Mahesh-Trivikram film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ssmb28-sreeleela-to-play-this-role-in-mahesh-trivikram-film/30e2bbda4e991 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417071054/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ssmb28-sreeleela-to-play-this-role-in-mahesh-trivikram-film/30e2bbda4e991 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Meenakshi to share screen with Mahesh |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/250623/meenakshi-to-share-screen-with-mahesh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161637/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/250623/meenakshi-to-share-screen-with-mahesh.html |archive-date=7 July 2023 |access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref> In February 2023, [[Ramya Krishna]] was selected to play a key role in the film.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Ramya Krishna to play a key role in Mahesh Babu's next with Trivikram |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ramya-krishna-to-play-a-key-role-in-mahesh-babus-next-with-trivikram/41e197c52511 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330063047/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ramya-krishna-to-play-a-key-role-in-mahesh-babus-next-with-trivikram/41e197c52511 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref> In March, [[Prakash Raj]] joined the cast to play Mahesh Babu's grandfather in the film.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=Prakash Raj likely to play key role in Mahesh Babu's SSMB 28 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prakash-raj-roped-in-for-mahesh-babus-ssmb-28-heres-what-we-know-7192387.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308091902/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prakash-raj-roped-in-for-mahesh-babus-ssmb-28-heres-what-we-know-7192387.html |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=News18}}</ref> Later [[Jayaram]] joined the cast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2023 |title=Actor Jayaram gets clicked with Mahesh Babu from sets of SSMB28 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/actor-jayaram-gets-clicked-with-mahesh-babu-from-the-sets-of-ssmb28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417070236/https://telanganatoday.com/actor-jayaram-gets-clicked-with-mahesh-babu-from-the-sets-of-ssmb28 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref> In April, [[Jagapathi Babu]] was reported to play "a very endearing yet scary" character.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2023 |title=SSMB 28 EXCLUSIVE: Jagapathi Babu confirms 'a very endearing yet scary' character in Mahesh Babu's next |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/ssmb-21-exclusive-jagapathi-babu-confirms-a-very-endearing-yet-scary-character-in-mahesh-babus-next-1218933 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501093139/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/ssmb-21-exclusive-jagapathi-babu-confirms-a-very-endearing-yet-scary-character-in-mahesh-babus-next-1218933 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=PINKVILLA}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] commenced on 12 September 2022 with an action sequence in [[Annapurna Studios]], Hyderabad.<ref name=":5" /> The first schedule, involving high-octane stunts choreographed by [[Anbariv]] duo,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Mahesh Babu's SSMB 28 shoot resumes, action sequences to be shot for 2 weeks |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahesh-babu-trivikram-srinivas-ssmb-28-shoot-resumes-action-sequences-to-be-shot-for-2-weeks-2322488-2023-01-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121160222/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahesh-babu-trivikram-srinivas-ssmb-28-shoot-resumes-action-sequences-to-be-shot-for-2-weeks-2322488-2023-01-17 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref> was later completed in the same month.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=#SSMB28: Mahesh Babu shoots 'high-octane epic action scenes' for Trivikram movie, Pooja Hegde to join sets soon |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ssmb28-mahesh-babu-trivikram-movie-pooja-hegde-8164376/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005093718/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ssmb28-mahesh-babu-trivikram-movie-pooja-hegde-8164376/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=21 September 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> However it was later confirmed by the producers that the fight was scrapped.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SSMB28 Will Touch Rajamouli's Numbers |url=http://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994573289/SSMB-Will-Touch-Rajamoulis-Numbers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215195403/https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994573289/SSMB-Will-Touch-Rajamoulis-Numbers |archive-date=15 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |website=indiaherald.com |language=en}}</ref> The second schedule was planned to commence after [[Dussehra]] festivities in [[Ramoji Film City]] with Hegde joining the sets.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=Mahesh Babu's SSMB28 To Go On Break Due To Dussehra, Second Leg To Start Soon |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mahesh-babus-ssmb28-to-go-on-break-due-to-dussehra-second-leg-to-start-soon-6006163.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005101810/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mahesh-babus-ssmb28-to-go-on-break-due-to-dussehra-second-leg-to-start-soon-6006163.html |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=21 September 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The shooting was then halted with Trivikram making modifications to the script and converted the [[action thriller film]] into a "family entertainer".<ref name=":4" />

The second schedule started on 18 January 2023 in [[Sarathi Studios]], Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2023 |title=Mahesh Babu {{!}} SSMB28 : మహేష్ బాబు-త్రివిక్రమ్ మూవీ రెండో షెడ్యూల్ మొదలు.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/mahesh-babu-trivikarm-movie-ssmb2-second-schedule-started-today-in-hyderabad-sr-1585660.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124143658/https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/mahesh-babu-trivikarm-movie-ssmb2-second-schedule-started-today-in-hyderabad-sr-1585660.html |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=News18 Telugu |language=te}}</ref> Hegde joined the sets with filming taking place in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=Mahesh Babu Caravan at Yashoda Hospital for Trivikram Pooja Hegde SSMB28 Shoot | యశోద హాస్పిటల్ వద్ద మహేష్‌ బాబు కేరవ్యాన్.. అసలు ముచ్చట ఏంటంటే..? News in Telugu |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/mahesh-babu-caravan-at-yashoda-hospital-for-trivikram-pooja-hegde-ssmb28-shoot-91956 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209155057/https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/mahesh-babu-caravan-at-yashoda-hospital-for-trivikram-pooja-hegde-ssmb28-shoot-91956 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref> In February, team constructed a house set spending {{INR}}10 crore at [[Shankarpalli]], [[Telangana]] in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2023 |title=Mahesh Babu-starrer SSMB28's Actions Scenes To Be Shot In A 10-Crore Set: Reports |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/for-mahesh-babus-ssmb28-makers-construct-a-rs-10-crore-set-reports-7058293.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212225555/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/for-mahesh-babus-ssmb28-makers-construct-a-rs-10-crore-set-reports-7058293.html |archive-date=12 February 2023 |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=News18}}</ref> In March, Jayaram joined the sets.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 March 2023 |title=Jayaram and Mahesh Babu pose for a candid click on 'SSMB28' set |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/jayaram-and-mahesh-babu-pose-for-a-candid-click-on-ssmb28-set/articleshow/98770677.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411221220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/jayaram-and-mahesh-babu-pose-for-a-candid-click-on-ssmb28-set/articleshow/98770677.cms |archive-date=11 April 2023 |access-date=17 April 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The second schedule was wrapped on 6 April.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2023 |title=SSMB28: Mahesh to take a summer break, here are the details of current and upcoming schedules |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ssmb28-mahesh-to-take-a-summer-break-here-are-the-details-of-current-and-upcoming-schedules/7e2866572c505/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522065036/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ssmb28-mahesh-to-take-a-summer-break-here-are-the-details-of-current-and-upcoming-schedules/7e2866572c505/ |archive-date=22 May 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> After shooting more than 50% of the film, the cinematographer of the film, P. S. Vinod, left, owing to creative differences. Following this development, [[Manoj Paramahamsa]] was announced as his replacement for the film. The third schedule began on 24 June.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tollywood: Guntur Kaaram, OG, Devara's latest shoot updates are here |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/guntur-kaaram-og-devara-heres-the-exclusive-info-on-shoot-updates-of-tollywood-biggies/5558e31ea2689 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625092523/https://www.ottplay.com/news/guntur-kaaram-og-devara-heres-the-exclusive-info-on-shoot-updates-of-tollywood-biggies/5558e31ea2689 |archive-date=25 June 2023 |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref> Principal photography [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on 28 December 2023.{{Citation needed|date=May 2026}}

== Music ==
{{Main|Guntur Kaaram (soundtrack)}}
[[Thaman S.]] composed the [[soundtrack album]] and [[Background music|background score]] for the film, in his fifth collaboration with Babu after ''[[Dookudu]]'' (2011), ''[[Businessman (film)|Businessman]]'' (2012), ''[[Aagadu]]'' (2014), and ''[[Sarkaru Vaari Paata]]'' (2022); third collaboration with Trivikram after ''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' (2018) and ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' (2020).<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 November 2021 |title=Confirmed: S Thaman is the composer of Mahesh Babu's next with Trivikram Srinivas – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-s-thaman-is-the-composer-of-mahesh-babus-next-with-trivikram-srinivas/articleshow/87734104.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124072027/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-s-thaman-is-the-composer-of-mahesh-babus-next-with-trivikram-srinivas/articleshow/87734104.cms |archive-date=24 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Guntur Kaaram'' was released worldwide in theatres on 12 January 2024. Originally intended for a theatrical release on 28 April 2023, the film's launch was first deferred to 11 August 2023, and then to 13 January 2024, coinciding with [[Sankranti]]. Eventually, the release date was advanced to 12 January 2024.

=== Marketing ===
On 31 May 2023, first glimpse was released, on the occasion of Babu's father [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]]'s 80th birth anniversary, which was attached with [[Mosagallaku Mosagadu (1971 film)|''Mosagallaku Mosagadu'' 4K]] re-release in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2023 |title=Mahesh Babu-Trivikram's SSMB 28 is now Guntur Kaaram |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/may/31/mahesh-babu-trivikrams-ssmb-28-is-now-guntur-karam-44086.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603024723/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/may/31/mahesh-babu-trivikrams-ssmb-28-is-now-guntur-karam-44086.html/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film's official trailer was released on 7 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Guntur Kaaram' trailer: Mahesh Babu promises an explosive entertainer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/guntur-kaaram-trailer-video-mahesh-babu-promises-an-explosive-actioner-with-sreeleela-and-meenakshi-chaudhary-2485460-2024-01-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110131728/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/guntur-kaaram-trailer-video-mahesh-babu-promises-an-explosive-actioner-with-sreeleela-and-meenakshi-chaudhary-2485460-2024-01-07 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film digital distribution rights were acquired by [[Netflix]] and premiered from 9 February 2024 in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]] and [[Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guntur Kaaram OTT release date confirmed - here's when, where to watch Mahesh Babu's family drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/guntur-kaaram-ott-release-date-confirmed-heres-when-where-to-watch-mahesh-babus-family-drama/8853b51a28930 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
The film received generally negative reviews from critics criticising its direction, screenplay and plot, but praised for Babu's performance, background score and soundtrack.<ref name="r1">{{Cite web |date=12 January 2024 |title=Guntur Kaaram Review: Mahesh Babu Fights An Uphill Battle Against A Soulless Script |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/guntur-kaaram-review-mahesh-babu-fights-an-uphill-battle-against-a-soulless-script-trivikram-sreeleela-prakash-raj |quote=Guntur Kaaram Review: Mahesh Babu Fights An Uphill Battle Against A Soulless Script.You see, with Guntur Kaaram, the idea is great, and the emotional beats were all there but somehow, they don’t come together to make a strong impact.}} {{Cite web|title=Guntur Kaaram Review: Spiceless|url=https://www.m9.news/reviews/guntur-kaaram-movie-review/#google_vignette|quote=Overall, Guntur Kaaram can be watched once with low expectations during the festive season, without expecting much originality, action, or emotions, other than Mahesh’s energy.|date=12 January 2024}}</ref>

Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Mahesh Babu, in top-notch form, is the sole redeeming factor in Trivikram's unnecessarily prolonged film, preventing it from becoming a tedious watch."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2024 |title=Guntur Kaaram movie review: Mahesh Babu tries hard, but Trivikram prevents us from screaming 'Jai Babu' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/guntur-kaaram-movie-review-rating-mahesh-babu-tries-hard-but-trivikram-prevents-us-from-screaming-jai-babu-9106280/}}</ref> BVS Prakash from ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "director Trivikram Srinvas fails to come up with a solid script to justify the larger-than-life image of Mahesh Babu."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=B. V. S. |date=12 January 2024 |title=Trivikram Dishes Out A Spiceless Kaaram |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120124/guntur-kaaram-review-rating.html |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Abhilasha Cherukuri of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "the film was a two-and-half hour-long advertisement for the Vijayawada-Hyderabad expressway. Not to mention additional brand placements for Greater Hyderabad's outer ring road. Outside of an expansive B-roll displaying well-maintained roads in not one but two Telugu states, the rest of Guntur Kaaram is mere filler."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2024 |title=Guntur Kaaram Movie Review: A wafer-thin family drama that overstays its welcome |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2024/jan/12/guntur-kaaram-movie-review-a-wafer-thin-family-drama-that-overstays-its-welcome-51171.html |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' called it a "bland film" and wrote "Guntur Kaaram feels like a wasted opportunity. The film could’ve either been a tearjerker or a commercial masala film, but the way it is now, it just hangs in an unsatisfactory limbo. And that's a shame because Mahesh gives the film his all. If only Trivikram could break out of the box he seems to have created for himself."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2024 |title=Guntur Kaaram review: Mahesh Babu is the saving grace of this bland film with nothing new to offer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/guntur-kaaram-review-mahesh-is-the-saving-grace-of-this-bland-film-nothing-new-to-offer-trivikram-srinivas-sreeleela-101705044706279.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Reviewing the film, Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Director Trivikram Srinivas and Mahesh Babu’s ‘Guntur Kaaram’ is a stale rehash of old stories".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=12 January 2024 |title='Guntur Kaaram' movie review: Mahesh Babu delivers the same old dish, served with an extra dose of chillies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/guntur-kaaram-movie-review-director-trivikram-srinivas-and-mahesh-babus-telugu-film-is-a-stale-rehash-of-old-stories/article67733708.ece |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Guntur Kaaram'' collected a gross of {{INRConvert|142|c}} in India<ref name="bo" /> and {{INR|47}} crore worldwide on its opening day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2024 |title=Mahesh Babu: గుంటూరు కారం కలెక్షన్స్.. తొలిరోజు రికవరీ ఎంతో తెలుసా..? |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/mahesh-babu-gutur-kaaram-first-day-collection-report-here-slb-2359240.html |access-date=13 January 2024 |website=News18 తెలుగు |language=te}}</ref> It's estimated total end worldwide gross is {{INR|212}} crore against a production budget of {{INRConvert|200|c}}, becoming a below average grosser.<ref name="bo" /><ref name=BusStdBudget/><ref name="News18Budget">{{Cite web |date=20 July 2023 |title=Mahesh Babu To Get Rs 78 Crore For Trivikram Srinivas' Guntur Kaaram? Details Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mahesh-babu-to-get-rs-78-crore-for-trivikram-srinivas-guntur-kaaram-details-inside-8380063.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811001442/https://www.news18.com/movies/mahesh-babu-to-get-rs-78-crore-for-trivikram-srinivas-guntur-kaaram-details-inside-8380063.html |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=News18}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt14564000}}
{{Trivikram Srinivas}}
{{Portal bar|Films|India|2020s}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2024 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Trivikram Srinivas]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Trivikram Srinivas]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2020s masala films]]
[[Category:Films set in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian political drama films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Films set in 1998]]
[[Category:Films set in 2023]]

Shimna Azeez

2026-04-26T09:36:11Z

Animesh: new a entry

{{Short description|Indian medical doctor}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Shimna Azeez
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
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| othername =
| occupation = Doctor, writer
| yearsactive =
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| children =
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| website =
| awards =
}}

'''Shimna Azeez''' is an Indian General Practitioner and public health worker.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shimna Azeez {{!}} Infoclinic - The cure for ignorance is knowledge |url=https://infoclinic.in/authors/shimnaazeez |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=Shimna Azeez {{!}} Infoclinic - The cure for ignorance is knowledge |language=en}}</ref> She has published two popular books and is a social media influencer who is widely read online, and in print media. Dr. Shimna is also an accomplished public speaker, and has presented on various health-related topics on national and international platforms, including Misinformation in Medicine Forum, Singapore; a ‘Google News Initiative’ to build collaboration between doctors, technologists and media professionals to combat the misinformation epidemic in health in Asia; at Google HQ, Singapore in December 2019.

A Pro-vaccination exponent, she has been the face of the Kerala Government's pro-vaccination campaigns, and multiple COVID-19 awareness drives.<ref name=":1" /> Dr. Shimna has been involved in various community health initiatives including the Kerala Government's Measles Rubella Vaccine Campaign in 2017 and medical camps during the mega Kerala floods of 2018 and 2019. She also appears regularly on live panel discussions on various news channels to present the Kerala Government's stance on community health topics.

== Education ==
Shimna Azeez graduated with a BA. in Communicative English from [[CMS College Kottayam|CMS College, Kottayam]]. She completed her MBBS from [[KMCT Medical College & Hospital|KMCT Medical College]], Mukkom, Kozhikode. She holds an MPH from [[Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram|Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram]]

==Notable achievements==
Her regular column in the popular Malayalam Daily ‘Mathrubhumi’ on health and related subjects was widely read and quoted by the general public. Co-founder, administrator and content contributor at ‘Info Clinic’ a popular online platform which aims to improve health awareness and debunk health-myths in the society. Her blogs related to public health, vaccination etc. have created a huge impact, and she has also written various articles related to community health in popular Malayalam Newspapers and magazines.<ref name=":1" />

==Books published==
*'പിറന്നവർക്കും പറന്നവർക്കുമിടയിൽ' 'Pirannavarkum Parannavarkumidayil' (translation: From Birth to Death: Memories and articles of a medical doctor) published by [[DC Books|DC books]] in 2017. The book used scientific thought to debunk various health-related superstitions and beliefs prevalent in Kerala.
*'തൊട്ടിലിലെ വാവയെ തൊട്ടീന്ന് കിട്ടിയതാ?' 'Thottilile Vaavaye Thotteennu Kittiyathaa?' (approximate translation: Did the Stork Bring the Baby?) Is the first Malayalam-language book on reproductive health for adolescents, and was published by DC books in January 2022.

==Awards==
*Dr. V. Santosh Memorial Award 2018 – for the work of the Measles Rubella Vaccine Campaign
*One of the Most Influential Women of South India – News Minute Award 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/women-year-south-india-s-kickass-ladies-who-made-2017-awesome-73630 |title= The women of the year: South India's kickass ladies who made 2017 awesome-|website= www.thenewsminute.com }}</ref>
*One of the Most Influential Women – Eastern Bhoomika Award 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.newsexperts.in/eastern-honours-eminent-women-3/ |title= Eastern Bhoomika Award 2019–|website= www.newsexperts.in }}</ref>
*Powerful Women Shaping India- [[The New Indian Express]] 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=
https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2024/Mar/09/the-influenchers-powerful-women-shaping-india/ |title=Powerful Women Shaping India 2024-|website= www.newindiaexpress.com}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
She worked as a lecturer in the Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Manjeri (Malappuram). Currently she is working as the Surveillance Medical Officer under the World Health Organization India, for [[Samastipur district]] of Bihar state.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azeez, Shimna}}
[[Category:Women educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:CMS College Kottayam alumni]]
[[Category:Indian medical doctors]]

Alipurduar subdivision

2026-04-25T07:36:07Z

Animesh:

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Alipurduar subdivision
| other_name = <optional>
| nickname =
| settlement_type = only Subdivision
| image_skyline = File:Alipurduar (subdivision) in Alipurduar (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.489|N|89.527|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Alipurduar]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| iso_code =
| registration_plate =
| website = http://alipurduar.gov.in/
| footnotes =
}}

'''Alipurduar subdivision''' is an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] of the [[Alipurduar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
===Subdivisions===
Alipurduar district is divided into the following administrative subdivisions:<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://alipurduar.gov.in/aboutus.html | title = Alipurduar | work =District Profile – Administrative Structure | publisher = District administration |accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 29 June 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref>
[[File:Alipurduar Subdivision Map (en).svg|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subdivision ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||Rural Population % (2011)||Urban Population % (2011)
|-
|Alipurduar||[[Alipurduar]]||2,667.28||1,491,250||79.38||20.62
|-
|[[Alipurduar district]]||[[Alipurduar]]||2,667.28||1,491.250||79.38||20.62
|-
|}

{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=390| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|26|40|0|N|89|19|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places and tea estates in the western portion of Alipurdar subdivision (including Madarihat-Birpara, Falakata and Alipuduar I CD blocks) in Alipurduar district''' CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|26|31|31|N|89|32|36|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Alipurduar Railway Junction| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Alipurduar Railway Junction]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|26|31|12|N|89|33|36|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Bholar Dabri| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Bholar Dabri]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|26|32|24|N|89|32|24|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Chechakhata| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Chechakhata]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|48|N|89|12|0|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Falakata| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Falakata]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|41|55|N|89|4|57|E}}| label-pos5=bottom|label5=Jagijhora Barabak| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Jagijhora Barabak]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|26|36|52|N|89|8|36|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6=Jateswar| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Jateswar]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|26|42|0|N|89|17|0|E}}| label-pos7=top|label7=Madarihat| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Madarihat]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|26|32|37|N|89|11|40|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Parangarpar| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Parangarpar]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|26|33|21|N|89|32|5|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Paschim Jitpur| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Paschim Jitpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|26|43|10|N|89|4|39|E}}| label-pos10=top|label10= Sisha Jumrha| numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Sisha Jumrha]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|26|30|0|N|89|30|0|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Birpara| numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Birpara]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|26|27|30|N|89|31|37|E}}| label-pos12=right|label12=Alipurduar| numbered12=M| mark-title12= [[Alipurduar]] (M) | shape-color12=#800000
|mark-coord13={{coord|26|43|40|N|89|8|11|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Birpara TG| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Birpara Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|26|28|35|N|89|24|20|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Pachkalguri| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Pachkalguri]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|26|49|48|N|89|18|36|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Totopara| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Totopara]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|26|29|54|N|89|22|32|E}}| label-pos16=left|label16=Sonapur| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Sonapur, Alipurduar]] (R)|shape-color16= #A42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|26|39|35|N|89|15|27|E}}| label-pos17= left |label17= Aryaman TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[Aryaman Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B
|mark-coord18={{coord|26|39|27|N|89|16|34|E}}| label-pos18=bottom|label18=Jaldapara |labela18= National| labelb18= Park| numbered18=NP| mark-title18= [[Jaldapara National Park]] (NP)| shape-color18=#228B22
|mark-coord19={{coord|26|33|0|N|89|16|0|E}}| label19= Khairbari |labela19= Reserved |labelb19= Forest| label-color19 = #C42222 | label-angle19=0| label-pos19=top| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none
|mark-coord20={{coord|26|46|20|N|89|16|30|E}}| label20= Titi |labela20= Reserved |labelb20= Forest| label-color20 = #C42222 | label-angle20=0| label-pos20=top| label-size20=10| mark-size20=0| mark-title20 =none
|mark-coord21={{coord|26|46|50|N|89|19|0|E}}|label21= Torsha River| label-color21 = #77A1CB| label-angle21=95| label-pos21=top| label-size21=10| mark-size21=0| mark-title21=none
|mark-coord22={{coord|26|29|0|N|89|6|0|E}}|label22= Jaldhaka River| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=30| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none
|mark-coord23={{coord|26|47|2|N|89|6|20|E}}| label-pos23=right|label23=Bandapani TG| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Bandapani Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color23= #A42222
|mark-coord24={{coord|26|46|5|N|89|6|17|E}}| label-pos24=right|label24=Dheklapara TG| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Dheklapara Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color24= #A42222
|arc-coordA={{coord|26|52|30|N|89|15|30|E}}|arc-textA= BHUTAN| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=0 | arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=1.5}}

{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=380| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|26|38|0|N|89|37|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places and tea estates in the eastern portion of Alipurdar subdivision (including Kalchini, Kumargram and Alipuduar II CD blocks) in Alipurduar district''' CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, A: Air Force Station, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate, H: historical site Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|26|50|20|N|89|22|48|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Jaigaon | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Jaigaon]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|26|29|1|N|89|48|55|E}}| label-pos2=top|label2=Laskarpara| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Laskarpara]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|26|49|40|N|89|22|20|E}}| label-pos3=bottom|label3=Mechiabasti| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Mechiabasti]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|26|32|37|N|89|41|0|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Samuktala| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Samuktala]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|28|48|N|89|32|24|E}}| label-pos5=bottom|label5=Sobhaganj| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Sobhaganj]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|26|28|48|N|89|43|48|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6=Uttar Kamakhyaguri| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Uttar Kamakhyaguri]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|26|24|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Uttar Latabari| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Uttar Latabari]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|26|28|2|N|89|48|55|E}}| label-pos8=bottom|label8=Dakshin Rampur| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Dakshin Rampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|26|42|50|N|89|21|47|E}}| label-pos9=right|label9=Uttar Satali| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Uttar Satali]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|26|45|0|N|89|21|0|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Hasimara| numbered10=A| mark-title10=[[Hasimara]] (A)|shape-color10=#AA6666
|mark-coord11={{coord|26|29|35|N|89|31|37|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Alipurduar| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[Alipurduar]] (M) | shape-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|26|42|3|N|89|26|58|E}}| label-pos12=right|label12=Kalchini| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Kalchini, Alipurduar]] (R)|shape-color12= #A42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|26|30|38|N|89|37|45|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Jashodanga| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Jashodanga]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|26|42|25|N|89|36|40|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Jayanti| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Jayanti, Alipurduar]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|26|37|0|N|89|49|45|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Kumargram| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Kumargram, Alipurduar]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|26|36|50|N|89|31|48|E}}| label-pos16=left|label16=Rajabhatkhawa| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Rajabhatkhawa]] (R)|shape-color16= #A42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|26|46|0|N|89|30|13|E}}| label-pos17=bottom|label17=Raimatang| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Raimatang]] (R)|shape-color17= #A42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|26|37|40|N|89|24|35|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18=Uttar Mandabari| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Uttar Mandabari]] (R)|shape-color18= #A42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|26|40|25|N|89|49|34|E}}| label-pos19= left |label19= Kumargram TE | numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[Kumargram and Sankos Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B
|mark-coord20={{coord|26|39|47|N|89|51|19|E}}| label-pos20= left |label20= Sankos TE | numbered20=TE| mark-title20= [[Kumargram and Sankos Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color20=#87A96B
|mark-coord21={{coord|26|45|17|N|89|34|49|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Buxa Fort| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Buxa Fort]] (H) |shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|26|39|0|N|89|34|48|E}}| label-pos22=bottom|label22=Buxa |labela22= Tiger| labelb22= Reserve| numbered22=NP| mark-title22= [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]] (NP)| shape-color22=#228B22
|mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|89|21|35|E}}| label-pos23=bottom|label23=Chilapata |labela23= Forest| numbered23=NP| mark-title23= [[Chilapata Forests]] (NP)| shape-color23=#228B22
|mark-coord24={{coord|26|46|50|N|89|19|0|E}}|label24= Torsha River| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=95| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none
|mark-coord25={{coord|26|34|40|N|89|24|0|E}}|label25= Kaljani River| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=100| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25=none
|mark-coord26={{coord|26|33|30|N|89|28|50|E}}|label26= Dima River| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=70| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26=none
|mark-coord27={{coord|26|39|0|N|89|38|0|E}}|label27= Jayanti River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=55| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none
|mark-coord28={{coord|26|39|0|N|89|52|0|E}}|label28= Sakos River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=85| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none
|mark-coord29={{coord|26|33|0|N|89|47|20|E}}|label29= Raydak River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=110| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none
|mark-coord30={{coord|26|33|0|N|89|49|40|E}}|label30= Chikjora River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=85| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30=none
|mark-coord31={{coord|26|33|0|N|89|45|0|E}}| label31= Raydak |labela31= Forest | label-color31 = #C42222 | label-angle31=0| label-pos31=top| label-size31=10| mark-size31=0| mark-title31 =none
|mark-coord32={{coord|26|45|50|N|89|34|30|E}}| label32= Buxa Hill Forest | label-color32 = #C42222 | label-angle32=0| label-pos32=top| label-size32=10| mark-size32=0| mark-title32 =none|mark-coord33={{coord|26|43|45|N|89|23|30|E}}| label-pos33=right|label33=Madhu TG| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Madhu Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color33= #A42222
|arc-coordA={{coord|26|37|0|N|89|54|0|E}}|arc-textA= ASSAM| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=80| arc-gapA=6.5| arc-radiusA=0.4
|arc-coordB={{coord|26|50|0|N|89|34|0|E}}|arc-textB= BHUTAN| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=0| arc-gapB=6.5| arc-radiusB=0.5}}

===Administrative units===
Alipurduar subdivision has 8 police stations, 6 community development blocks, 6 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samitis]], 66 [[gram panchayat]]s, 338 [[mouza]]s, 337 inhabited villages, 1 municipality and 20 [[census town]]s. The municipality is: [[Alipurduar]]. The census towns are: [[Sisha Jumrha]], [[Madarihat|Uttar Madarihat]], [[Jaigaon]], [[Mechiabasti]], [[Uttar Satali]], [[Uttar Latabari]], [[Jagijhora Barabak]], [[Jateswar]], [[Parangarpar]], [[Falakata]], [[Paschim Jitpur]], [[Chechakhata]], [[Alipurduar Railway Junction]], [[Bholar Dabri]], [[Birpara]], [[Samuktala|Samuktola]], [[Sobhaganj]], Laskarpara, Dakshin Rampur and [[Uttar Kamakhyaguri]]. The subdivision has its headquarters at the city of [[Alipurduar]].<ref name="handbook"/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Jalpaiguri | accessdate = 29 June 2020}}</ref>

===Police stations===
Police stations in the Alipurduar subdivision have the following features and jurisdiction: <ref name="handbook"/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.alipurduarpolice.org/search_ps.php| title = Search a Police Station| publisher = Alipurduar Police| accessdate = 26 June 2020| archive-date = 30 June 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200630105318/http://www.alipurduarpolice.org/search_ps.php| url-status = dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Police Station ||Area covered km2 ||Inter- national border||Inter-state border km||Municipal Town || CD block
|-
|[[Kumargram, Alipurduar#Police station|Kumargram]]||n/a|| n/a || n/a|| - ||[[Kumargram]]
|-
|[[Falakata#Police station|Falakata]]||n/a|| - || - || - ||[[Falakata (community development block)|Falakata]]
|-
|[[Madarihat#Police station|Madarihat]]||n/a||n/a || - || - ||[[Madarihat-Birpara (community development block)|Madarihat-Birpara]]
|-
|[[Birpara Tea Garden#Police station|Birpara]]||n/a|| -|| - || - ||[[Madarihat-Birpara (community development block)|Madarihat-Birpara]]
|-
|[[Kalchini, Alipurduar#Police station|Kalchini]]||n/a|| - || - || - ||[[Kalchini]]
|-
|[[Jaigaon#Police station|Jaigaon]]||n/a||n/a || - || - ||[[Kalchini]]
|-
|[[Alipurduar#Police station|Alipurduar]]||n/a|| - || - ||[[Alipurduar]]||[[Alipurduar I]]
|-
|[[Samuktala#Police station|Samuktala]]||n/a|| - || - || - ||[[Alipurduar II]]
|-
|}

==Gram panchayats==
The subdivision contains 66 [[gram panchayat]]s under 6 [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bankura – Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 24 July 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Alipurduar Tehsil Map (en).svg|thumb]]
* [[Madarihat-Birpara (community development block)|Madarihat Birpara]] [[Community development blocks in India|block]] consists of ten gram panchayats, viz. Bandapani, Hantapara, Madarihat, Totopara Ballalguri, Birpara–I, Khayarbari, Rangalibajna, Birpara–II, Lankapara and Shishujhumra.

* [[Alipurduar I]] block consists of 11 gram panchayats, viz. Banchukamari, Parorpar, Shalkumar–I, Vivekananda–I, Chakowakheti, Patlakhawa, Shalkumar–II, Vivekananda–II, Mathura, Purba Kanthalbari and Tapsikhata.

* [[Alipurduar II]] block consists of 11 gram panchayats, viz. Chaporer Par–I, Mahakalguri, Samuktala, Turturi, Chaparerpar–II, Majherdabri, Tatpara–I, Bhatibari, Kohinoor, Parokata and Tatpara–II.

* [[Falakata (Community development block)|Falakata]] block consists of 12 gram panchayats, viz. Dalgaon, Dhanirampur–II, Guabarnagar, Mairadanga, Deogaon, Falakata–I, Jateswar–I, Parangerpar, Dhanirampur–I, Falakata–II, Jateswar–II and Shalkumar.

* [[Kalchini]] block consists of 11 gram panchayats, viz. Jaigaon–I, Jaigaon–II, Dalshing Para, Malangi, Satali, Mendabari, Latabari, Chuapara, Kalchini, Garopara and [[Rajabhatkhawa|Rajabhatkawa]].

* [[Kumargram]] block consists of 11 gram panchayats, viz. Chengamari, Khoardanga–I, Newland Kumargram Sankos, Turturikhanda, Kamakhyaguri–I, Khoardanga–II, Valka Barabisa–I, Kamakhyaguri–II, Kumargram, Raidak and Valka Barabisa–II.

===Blocks===
Community development blocks in the Alipurduar subdivision are:<ref name="handbook"/><ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 29 June 2020}}</ref><ref name=map>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Jalpaiguri district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 29 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD block ||Headquarters||Area km2 || Population (2011) ||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] %||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] %||Literacy rate %||Census Towns
|-
|[[Kumargram]]||[[Kumargram, Alipurduar|Kumargram]]||517.68||199,609||35.78||30.00||72.48||3
|-
|[[Falakata (community development block)|Falakata]]||[[Falakata]]||353.93||290,722||40.69||15.92||72.74||4
|-
|[[Madarihat-Birpara (community development block)|Madarihat-Birpara]]||[[Madarihat]]||376.75||202,026||14.26||38.76||67.77|| 2
|-
|[[Kalchini]]||[[Kalchini, Alipurduar|Kalchini]]||711.61||298,458||10.10||40.30||68.96||4
|-
|[[Alipurduar I]]||[[Pachkalguri]]||378.59||216,931||48.41||16.87||76.19||5
|-
|[[Alipurduar II]]||[[Jashodanga]]||318.92||218,272||41.81||18.44||75.76||2
|-
|}

==Education==
Given in the table below is a comprehensive picture of the education scenario in Alipurduar subdivision/ Alipurduar district, with data for the year 2013-14.<ref name="education">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 4.4 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 29 June 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt"
|-
!width="110" rowspan="2"| Subdivision
!colspan="2"|Primary School
!colspan="2"|Middle School
!colspan="2"|High School
!colspan="2"|Higher Secondary School
!colspan="2"|General College, Univ
!colspan="2"|Technical / Professional Instt
!colspan="2"|Non-formal Education
|-
!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student 
|-
|align=left|Alipurduar
|align="center"|833
|align="center"|89,978
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|11,372
|align="center"|34
|align="center"|36,234
|align="center"|97
|align="center"|127,257
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|22,478
|align="center"|18
|align="center"|3,937
|align="center"|3,709
|align="center"|179,753
|-
|}

===Educational institutions===
The following institutions are located in the Alipuduar subdivision:
*[[Alipurduar University]] was established in 2018 at [[Alipurduar]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://alipurduaruniversity.ac.in | title = Alipurduar University | publisher = AU | accessdate = 22 August 2021}}</ref>
*[[Alipurduar College]] was established in 1957. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts, science and commerce.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.apdcollege.org/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090923222658/http://apdcollege.org/ | url-status = usurped | archive-date = September 23, 2009 |title = Alipurduar College |publisher= APDC | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/AlipurduarCollege/Alipurduar_College.shtml |title = Alipurduar College |publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Alipurduar Mahila Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 2007. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://alipurduargirlscollege.org/ |title = Alipurduar Mahavidyalaya |publisher= AMV | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Vivekananda College, Alipurduar|Vivekanada College]] was established at [[Alipurduar]] in 1985. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts and science.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.vivekanandacollegealipurduar.in/index.aspx | title = Vivekananda College | publisher = VCAPD | accessdate = 29 June 2020 | archive-date = 2 July 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200702195447/http://vivekanandacollegealipurduar.in/index.aspx | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/VivekanandaCollegeJalpaiguri/Vivekananda_College_Jalpaiguri.shtml |title = Vivekananda College |publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Lilabati Mahavidyalaya]] was established at [[Jateswar]] in 2013. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://lilabatimahavidyalaya.ac.in/ |title = Lilabati Mahavidyalaya |publisher= LM | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Falakata College]] was established at [[Falakata]] in 1981. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://falakatacollege.org.in/index.aspx |title = Falakata College |publisher= FC | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/FalakataCollege/Falakata_College.shtml |title = Falakata College |publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Sahid Kshudiram Mahavidyalaya|Saheed Kshudiram College]] was established at [[Uttar Kamakhyaguri|Kamakhyaguri]] in 1996. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts and science.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://skcollege.org/course-offered/ |title = Saheed Kshudiram College |publisher= SKC | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/SaheedKshudiramCollege/Saheed_Kshudiram_College.shtml |title = Saheed Kshudiram College |publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Nani Bhattacharya Smarak Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 2000 at Mangalbari, PO [[Jaigaon]]. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://nbsmjaigaon.ac.in/ |title = Nani Bhattacharya Smarak Mahavidyalaya |publisher= NBSM | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/NaniBhattacharyaSmarakMahavidyalaya/NaniBhattacharyaSmarakMahavidyalaya.shtml |title = Nani Bhattachaya Smarak Mahavidyalaya |publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Pijushkanti Mukherjee Mahavidyalaya]] was established at [[Sonapur, Alipurduar|Sonapur]] in 2015. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://pkmmahavidyalaya.in/about-our-college/ |title = Pijush Kanti Mukherjee Mahavidyalaya |publisher= PKMV | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Birpara College]] was established at [[Birpara Tea Garden|Birpara]] in 1986. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts and commerce.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://birparacollege.ac.in/about-our-college/ | title = Birpara College | publisher = BC | accessdate = 29 June 2020 | archive-date = 1 July 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200701031522/https://birparacollege.ac.in/about-our-college/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*[[Samuktala Sidhu Kanhu College]] was established at [[Samuktala]] in 2010. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://samuktalasidhukanhucollege.in/courses-offered/ |title = Samuktala Sidhu Kanhu College |publisher= SSKC | accessdate = 29 June 2020 }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the medical facilities available and patients treated in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in Alipurduar subdivision/ district, with data for the year 2012-13:<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 3.1, 3.3 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 29 June 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt"
|-
!width="110" rowspan="2"| Subdivision
!width="160" colspan="4" rowspan="1"| Health & Family Welfare Deptt, WB

!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Other State Govt Deptts
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Local bodies
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Central Govt Deptts / PSUs
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|NGO / Private Nursing Homes
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total Number of Beds
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total Number of Doctors*
!widthspan="130" rowspan="2"|Indoor Patients
!widthspan="130" rowspan="2"|Outdoor Patients
|-
!width="40"|Hospitals 
!width="40"|Rural Hospitals 
!width="40"|Block Primary Health Centres 
!width="40"|Primary Health Centres 
|-
|align=left|Alipurduar
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|13
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|15
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|1,090
|align="center"|133
|align="center"|118,881
|align="center"|1,269,285
|-
|}
.* Excluding nursing homes.

===Medical facilities===
Medical facilities in the Alipurduar subdivision are as follows:

'''Hospitals''': (Name, location, beds)<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 1 July 2020 | archive-date = 14 September 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*Alipurduar Subdivisional Hospital, [[Alipurduar]] M, 250 beds
*Alipurduar Jail Hospital, Alipurduar, 9 beds
*Alipurduar Railway Hospital, Alipurduar, 111 beds
*Birpara State General Hospital, [[Birpara Tea Garden|Birpara]], 100 beds
*Rajabhatkhawa Railway Hospital, [[Rajabhatkhawa]], Kalchini CD block, 2 beds

'''Rural Hospitals''': (Name, CD block, location, beds)<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | accessdate =1 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref>
*Falakata Rural Hospital, Falakata CD block, [[Falakata]], 30 beds
*Kamakhyaguri Rural Hospital, Kumargram CD block, [[Uttar Kamakhyaguri|Kamakhyaguri]], 30 beds
*Madarihat Rural Hospital, Madarihat-Birpara CD block, [[Madarihat]], 30 beds
*Uttarlatabari Rural Hospital, Kalchini CD block, [[Kalchini, Alipurduar|Kalchini]], 30 beds
*Pachkalguri Rural Hospital, Alipurduar I CD block, [[Pachkalguri]], 30 beds
*Jasodanga Rural Hospital, Alipurduar II CD block, [[Jashodanga]], 30 beds
*Bhatibari Rural Hospital, Alipurduar II CD block, Bhatibari, 20 beds

'''Primary Health Centres ''': (CD block-wise)(CD block, PHC location, beds)<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 1 July 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*Kumargram CD block: Kumargram (6), Barabisa (PO Kumargram) (6).
*Falakata CD block: Chhoto Salkumar (4), [[Jateswar]] (6).
*Madarihat CD block: Madhyarangali Bazar (PO Gopal Bagan) (10), Sishujhuara (PO Sishubarihat) (6), [[Totopara]] (10).
*Kalchini CD block: Satali (PO Satali Mondalpur) (4), [[Jaigaon]] (?)
*Alipurduar I CD block: Munshipara (PO Salkumarhat) (4), Silbarihat (10).
*Alipurduar II CD block: [[Samuktala]] (10), Turturi (4).

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Alipurduar district}}
{{Alipurduar topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alipurduar Subdivision}}
[[Category:Subdivisions of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Subdivisions in Alipurduar district]]
[[Category:Alipurduar district]]

Ashok Kumar (Jammu and Kashmir politician)

2026-04-24T12:29:15Z

Animesh: added some bio added tags - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{infobox officeholder
| name = Ashok Kumar
| constituency = Ramban
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| term_start = 2008
| term_end = 2014
}}

'''Ashok Kumar''' ({{langx|hi|अशोक कुमार}}; born 24 November 1958) was a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] for [[Ramban district|Ramban]]. He was elected in the [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] and served one term.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3796-jammu-kashmir-2008/|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu & Kashmir|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|year=2008|pages=6|chapter=List of Successful Candidates}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Verma|first=Mohinder|date=2 August 2014|title='Partisan approach', confined activities overshadow honesty of MLA Ramban|work=[[Daily Excelsior]]|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/partisan-approach-confined-activities-overshadow-honesty-mla-ramban/}}</ref> His political party is the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|date=12 July 2015|title=Congress demands KV in Ramban|url=http://news.statetimes.in/congress-demands-kv-in-ramban/|access-date=18 June 2017|website=[[State Times]]}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]||[[Ramban Assembly constituency|Ramban]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Lost}}||9.42%||Neelam Kumar Langeh||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||42.30%||<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]||[[Ramban Assembly constituency|Ramban]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Won}}||43.47%||[[Bali Bhagat]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||22.88%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>
|-
|[[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]||[[Ramban Assembly constituency|Ramban]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Lost}}||30.10%||Chaman Lal||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||36.12%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Ashok}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2008–2014]]
[[Category:People from Ramban district]]

{{JammuKashmir-INC-politician-stub}}

Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Ordinance, 2023

2026-04-24T11:26:50Z

Animesh:

{{Short description|Ordinance by the Government of India in 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}

{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Ordinance, 2023
| legislature = [[Government of India]]
| long_title = An Ordinance further to amend the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991.
| citation = [https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/245962.pdf No. 1 of 2023]
| enacted_by = [[Union Cabinet]]
| date_passed = May 2023
| signed_by = [[President of India|President]] [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| date_signed = 19 May 2023
| date_effective = 19 May 2023
| date_repealed = 11 August 2023
| amends = Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991
| repealed_by = [[Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Act, 2023]]
| status = repealed
}}

The '''Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Ordinance, 2023''' was an [[Ordinance (India)|Ordinance]] to create a National Capital Civil Service Authority which has power related to Transfer and Posting of officers under [[Delhi government|Delhi Government]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/centre-brings-ordinance-giving-control-services-back-delhi-l-g-aap-national-capital-civil-service-authority-2381731-2023-05-20|title=Increased power of L-G, functioning of ministries: All about Centre's ordinance on control of services in Delhi|website=India Today |date=20 May 2023 }}</ref> [[India]] is a federal country where each state is headed by a [[Chief minister|Chief Minister]] and his [[council of Ministers]]. [[Delhi]] being a [[Union territory|Union Territory]] also has a legislature. This was aimed to make transfer and posting more stable and to make both [[Central Government of India|Central]] and [[Government of Delhi|state government of Delhi]] be involved in transfer-posting of officers.

== Background ==

[[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] in May 2023 gave all the powers on transfer and posting of officers to Delhi's elected CM.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/supreme-court-empowers-delhi-government/articleshow/100168542.cms?from=mdr|title=Supreme Court empowers Delhi government|first=Raghav|last=Ohri|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=12 May 2023}}</ref> After this Central Government declared that it is willing to pass an ordinance which is called Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Ordinance, 2023.

The ordinance was aimed at creating a National Capital Civil Service Authority.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

A bill to replace this ordinance got passed by [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Council of Minister]] on 26 July.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-ordinance-replacement-bill-passed-by-cabinet-amid-opposition-protests-11690298887501.html|title=Delhi ordinance replacement bill passed by cabinet amid Opposition protests|first=Anwesha|last=Mitra|date=26 July 2023|website=mint}}</ref>

== National Capital Civil Service Authority ==
It is an administrative authority that will manage the [[Civil Services of India|Civil Services in Delhi]]. The authority will have 3 members- [[Chief Minister of Delhi]], the [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] and the Principal Home Secretary. The meetings of this authority will be chaired by Chief Minister of Delhi. The decisions are taken by vote.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

NCCSA gives the [[Union Government of India|union government]] more power to take decisions regarding the tenure, salaries, allowances, powers, and duties of officers.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

=== Role of CM in NCCSA ===
[[Chief Minister of Delhi|CM]] will chair the meetings of NCCSA and decide the meeting's day and date. He will be presiding over discussions in NCCSA.

=== Role of LG in NCCSA ===
[[Lieutenant Governor of Delhi|LG]] will have final decision making authority. He can return files to NCCSA for reconsideration or can also take independent decisions for transfer and posting.

== Opposition ==
[[Aam Aadmi Party]] opposed the bill and called it undemocratic. [[Arvind Kejriwal]] urged other parties to oppose this bill in [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/kejriwal-asks-opposition-parties-to-clear-stand-on-centres-services-ordinance-for-delhi-at-patna-meeting/article66993270.ece|title=Kejriwal asks Opposition parties to clear stand on Centre's services ordinance for Delhi at Patna meeting|newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 June 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He met various [[Chief minister (India)|CMs]] of Non- [[BJP]] ruled [[States of india|states]] to get support against this bill.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-vs-centre-ordinance-row-cm-arvind-kejriwal-to-meet-tamil-nadu-and-jharkhand-cm-mk-stalin-hemant-soren-bjpaap-11685511794269.html|title=Delhi vs Centre ordinance row: CM Kejriwal to meet Tamil Nadu and Jharkhand CM|date=31 May 2023|website=mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/delhi-cm-arvind-kejriwal-meets-uddhav-thackeray-to-seek-support-for-fight-against-centres-ordinance-on-control-of-services/article66888385.ece|title=Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal meets Uddhav Thackeray to seek support for fight against Centre's Ordinance on control of services|newspaper=The Hindu |date=24 May 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> [[Delhi government|Delhi Government]] moved to [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] against this ordinance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-govt-moves-sc-says-centres-ordinance-an-attempt-to-override-top-court/|title=Delhi govt moves SC challenging Centre's ordinance, seeks interim stay|date=30 June 2023}}</ref> The newly elected government of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] has taken back all the cases in the supreme court challenging the act.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-23 |title=Supreme Court allows Delhi government to withdraw pleas against Centre, L-G |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-allows-bjp-govt-to-withdraw-cases-against-centre-l-g-in-aap-regime/article69610832.ece |access-date=2025-08-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Delhi]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian law]]

2026 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election

2026-04-23T15:32:51Z

Animesh: new.

{{short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2026 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election
| type = Parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| election_date = 15 January 2026
| country = India
| previous_election = 2017 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election
| previous_year = 2018
| next_election =
| next_year = 2031
| seats_for_election = All 227 seats in [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
| majority_seats = 114
| turnout = 52.94%<ref name="BMC polls 2026: At 52.94%, Mumbai records second-highest voter turnout in 32 years">{{cite news |title=BMC polls 2026: At 52.94%, Mumbai records second-highest voter turnout in 32 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/bmc-polls-2026-at-52-94-mumbai-records-second-highest-voter-turnout-in-32-years-10476818/ |accessdate=11 February 2026 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=17 January 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260211110943/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/bmc-polls-2026-at-52-94-mumbai-records-second-highest-voter-turnout-in-32-years-10476818/ |archivedate=11 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ({{decrease}} 2.59 [[percentage points|pp]])
| alliance1 = [[Maha Yuti|MY]]
| last_election1 = 82
| seats1 = '''89'''
| seat_change1 = {{Increase}} 7
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg |bSize=165 |cWidth=110 |cHeight=150 |oTop=05 |oLeft=27 |Location=center}}
| leader1 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| popular_vote1 = '''1,179,273'''
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Uddhav Thackeray, President of Shiv Sena-UBT.jpg|bSize=150|cWidth=110|cHeight=150|oLeft=10|oTop=10}}
| percentage1 = '''45.22%'''
| leader2 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| party2 = Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
| alliance2 = Maha Vikas Aghadi
| last_election2 = ''New Party''
| seats2 = 65
| popular_vote4 = 273,326
| percentage4 = 10.48%
| seat_change2 = ''New''
| popular_vote2 = 717,736
| percentage2 = 27.52%
| party4 = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
| alliance4 = [[Maha Yuti|MY]]
| last_election4 = 84
| seats4 = 29
| popular_vote5 = 242,646
| percentage5 = 9.31%
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}}55
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shri Eknath Sambhaji Shinde.jpg
|bSize=155 |cWidth=110 |cHeight=150 |oLeft=22| oTop=10}}
| leader4 = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Hand INC.svg||bSize=170|cWidth=110|cHeight=150|oLeft=20|oTop=0}}
| party5 = Indian National Congress
| alliance5 = Maha Vikas Aghadi
| last_election5 = 31
| seats5 = 24
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 7
| leader5 = [[Harshwardhan Vasantrao Sapkal|Harshwardhan Sapkal]]
| title = BMC majority
| before_election = [[Shiv Sena|SHS]]
| after_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| seat_change3 =
}}

The '''2026 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election''' took place on 15 January 2026 to elect members to the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] of [[Mumbai|Greater Mumbai]], the second largest city in [[India]]. Voting lasted one day and the results were released on 16 January.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2026-01-16 |title=Maharashtra civic election results updates: BJP wins 1,400 seats as Mahayuti alliance sweeps State |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/maharashtra-civic-polls-mumbai-bmc-elections-results-january-16-2026-live-updates/article70513186.ece |access-date=2026-01-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]-led [[Maha Yuti]] alliance secured a simple majority. The BJP emerged as the single largest party winning 89 seats on its own. Following the elections, [[Ritu Tawde]] of the BJP was elected as the [[Mayor of Mumbai]].

== Background ==

=== Four-member ward system (except BMC) ===
The Maharashtra government implemented a four-member ward system for most municipal corporations in the state, with the exception of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). While the ruling parties stated that the move would strengthen democracy, the opposition expressed concerns about delays in civic elections and questioned why the administration had not approached the court to expedite the election process.

=== Updates on BMC ward boundaries ===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disaster Management (MCGM) |url=https://dm.mcgm.gov.in/ward-maps |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=dm.mcgm.gov.in}}</ref>

* '''Rectified boundaries''': The BMC submitted a final draft of revised boundaries for its 227 electoral wards to the State Election Commission (SEC). Approximately 20–25% of ward boundaries were modified, affecting around 60 wards.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Richa |first=Richa |last2=Lewis |first2=Clara |last3=Badgeri |first3=Manoj |date=2022-01-30 |title=Poll ball set rolling, BMC election may be delayed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/all-eyes-on-revised-ward-boundaries-as-sec-gears-up-for-civic-elections/articleshow/89212418.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: Boundaries of 148 BMC wards altered, alleges BJP |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-boundaries-of-148-bmc-wards-altered-alleges-bjp |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

* '''Reasons for changes''':
** Updates were made based on additions and deletions in voter lists.
** Boundary changes reflected population shifts caused by redevelopment, infrastructure projects, and slum rehabilitation schemes.

The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation has 24 administrative wards, which are further divided into 227 electoral wards (constituencies) for elections. Each ward has its own officer responsible for local administration and services. The ward boundaries were redrawn in early 2025.

=== Process of delimitation ===
* '''Directives from SEC''': In August, the State Election Commission instructed municipal corporations to begin the delimitation process for ward boundaries.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-20 |title=BMC finalises ward boundaries for 236 seats, elections by March end |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/bmc-finalises-ward-boundaries-for-236-seats-elections-by-march-end-101642699771964.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416080017/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/bmc-finalises-ward-boundaries-for-236-seats-elections-by-march-end-101642699771964.html |archive-date=2024-04-16 |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>

* '''Criteria for changes''':<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=Citizens attend hearings on BMC's draft ward boundaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/citizens-attend-hearings-on-bmcs-draft-ward-boundaries-7790506/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
** Adjustments were based on population changes reflected in updated census data.
** Boundary modifications were triggered when a constituency's population changed by more than 10%.

* '''Public input''': After approval of the draft by the SEC, suggestions and objections from the public were invited.

=== Population and wards ===
* '''Population basis''': Each ward is designed to have approximately 54,000 residents. Adjustments accounted for population growth in suburban areas and a decline in the island city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-18 |title=Increase of wards in Mumbai only proper after 2021 population census, says Maharashtra government |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/mumbai-wards-increase-only-proper-after-2021-population-census-maharashtra-government-2322878-2023-01-18 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

* '''Impact on corporators''': Delimitation resulted in the division of some suburban wards into four parts, affecting representation.

== Schedule ==

=== Ward Structure Event ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Structure Event
!Schedule<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-02 |title=BMC Redraws Electoral Map to Add 9 New Seats Ahead of Polls; Impacts 70% of Wards, Says Official |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bmc-redraws-electoral-map-to-add-9-new-seats-in-city-impacts-70-of-wards-ahead-of-civic-polls-4724615.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302103915/https://www.news18.com/news/india/bmc-redraws-electoral-map-to-add-9-new-seats-in-city-impacts-70-of-wards-ahead-of-civic-polls-4724615.html |archive-date=2022-03-02 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
|-
|Draft Ward Structure
|1 February 2023
|-
|Objections and Suggestion
|14 February 2023
|-
|Final draft will be Submitted
|2 March 2023
|}

=== Poll Event ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Poll Event
!Schedule<ref name="Polls for BMC, 28 other municipal corporations on Jan. 15, vote count on Jan. 16">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Polls for BMC, 28 other municipal corporations on Jan. 15, vote count on Jan. 16 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mumbai-bmc-maharashtra-municipal-corporation-election/article70398883.ece |accessdate=11 February 2026 |publisher=The Hindu |date=15 December 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260211111651/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mumbai-bmc-maharashtra-municipal-corporation-election/article70398883.ece |archivedate=11 February 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|Notification
|15 December 2025
|-
|Last Date for filing nomination
|30 December 2025
|-
|Scrutiny of Nominations
|31 December 2025
|-
|Withdrawal of Candidature
|2 January 2026
|-
|Date of Poll
|15 January 2026
|-
|Date of Counting
|16 January 2026
|}

==Parties and alliances==

{| class="wikitable" width="85%" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="4" | Party
! Flag
! Symbols
! Leader
! Seats contested
|-
|Rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rowspan=2|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] + [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-27 |title=BJP, Shiv Sena Finalise Seat-Sharing in Around 200 BMC Wards as Mumbai Gears Up for Polls - Goemkarponn - Goa News |url=https://goemkarponn.com/bjp-shiv-sena-finalise-seat-sharing-in-around-200-bmc-wards-as-mumbai-gears-up-for-polls/ |access-date=2025-12-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|The alliance has no candidate in 3 wards.}}
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|
| 135<ref name="BJP First List of Candidates BMC 2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/bmc-elections-2026-bjp-releases-first-list-of-66-candidates-check-here-2025-12-29-1023641|title=BMC elections 2026: BJP releases first list of 66 candidates|work=India TV|accessdate=29 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="BJP Complete Candidate List BMC 2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/bmc-election-2026-day-after-nomination-deadline-bjp-unveils-complete-list-of-137-candidates-23610099|title=BJP unveils complete list of 137 candidates for BMC Election 2026|work=Midday|accessdate=1 January 2026}}</ref>{{efn|Two BJP candidate's nominations from Wards 211 and 212 were rejected.}}{{efn|BJP and SHS will have friendly fight in Ward 225.}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
| [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena]]
| [[File:Shiv Sena flag.jpg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|50px]]
|
| 89{{efn|BJP and SHS will have friendly fight in Ward 225.}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|SS(UBT)|rowspan=3}}
|Rowspan=3|[[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|SS(UBT)]] + [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|MNS]] + [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-24 |title=Shiv Sena(UBT) and MNS announce alliance ahead of Mumbai civic polls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/shiv-senaubt-and-mns-announce-alliance-ahead-of-municipal-corporation-elections/article70432859.ece |access-date=2025-12-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>{{efn|The alliance has no candidate in 3 wards.}}
| {{party color cell|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
| [[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]]
| [[File:SS(UBT) flag.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Flaming Torch.png|30px]]
|
| 160<ref name="SSUBT First List of candidates BMC 2026">{{cite web|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/politics/shivsena-ubt-candidate-list-bmc-election-2026-mumbai-municipal-corporation-uddhav-thackeray-raj-thackeray-bmc-election-2026-marathi-news-1406253|title=Shiv Sena UBT Candidate List BMC Election 2026|work=ABP Majha|accessdate=29 December 2025|language=mr}}</ref><ref name="SSUBT and MNS List of candidates BMC 2026">{{cite web|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/politics/shivsena-ubt-and-mns-candidate-list-bmc-election-2026-uddhav-thackeray-raj-thackeray-mumbai-municipal-election-marathi-news-1406409|title=Shiv Sena UBT And MNS Candidate List BMC Election 2026|work=ABP Majha|accessdate=30 December 2025|language=mr}}</ref>{{efn|SS(UBT) and NCP(SP) will have friendly fight in Ward 140 and Ward 179.}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
| [[File:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Official Flag.jpg|50px]]
| [[File:Mns-symbol-railway-engine.png|50px]]
|
| 53<ref name="SSUBT and MNS List of candidates BMC 2026"/>{{efn|MNS and NCP(SP) will have friendly fight in Ward 175.}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar}}
| [[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)]]
| [[File:राष्ट्रवादी काँग्रेस - शरदचंद्र पवार Logo.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Man Blowing Turha.png|50px]]
|
| 11{{efn|SS(UBT) and NCP(SP) will have friendly fight in Ward 140 and Ward 179.}}{{efn|MNS and NCP(SP) will have friendly fight in Ward 175.}}
|-
|Rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|Rowspan=3|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] + [[Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi|VBA]] + [[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha|RSPS]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-28 |title=BMC polls 2026: Congress, Prakash Ambedkar's VBA seal alliance, finalise seat-sharing pact |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/bmc-polls-2026-congress-prakash-ambedkar-s-vanchit-bahujan-aaghadi-seal-alliance-finalise-seat-sharing-pact-2025-12-28-1023558 |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>{{efn|The alliance does not have any candidate in 28 wards.}}
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:INC Hand.svg|40px]]
|
| 151<ref name="INC First List of Candidates BMC 2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/bmc-elections-2026-congress-releases-first-list-of-70-candidates-2025-12-29-1023689|title=BMC elections 2026: Congress releases first list of 87 candidates|work=India TV|accessdate=29 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{party color cell|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
| [[Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi]]
| [[File:VBA party.jpg|50px]]
| [[File:Gas Cylinder.jpg|50px]]
|
| 46
|-
| {{party color cell|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}
| [[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]
|
|
|
| 2
|-
| {{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}
| colspan="3"| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| [[File:Flag of Nationalist Congress Party.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Nationalist Congress Party Election Symbol.png|50px]]
|
| 37<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-ncp-unveils-37-bmc-candidates-malik-kin-get-tickets/articleshow/126218757.cms|title=Mumbai: NCP Unveils 37 BMC Candidates, Malik Kin Get Tickets|work=The Times of India|accessdate=29 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| [[File:Cpm election symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px]]
|
| 9
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
| colspan="3" |[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
| [[File:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen logo.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|50px]]
|
|
|-
| {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
| colspan="3" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
| [[File:Samajwadi Party.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
|
| 30<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cities/samajwadi-party-releases-first-list-of-21-candidates-for-bmc-elections-ws-l-9794512.html|title=Samajwadi Party Releases First List Of 21 Candidates For BMC Elections|work=News18|accessdate=27 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/bmc-elections-2026-samajwadi-party-names-9-more-candidates-in-second-list-23609617|title=BMC elections 2026: Samajwadi Party names 9 more candidates in second list|work=Midday|accessdate=28 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Candidates==
<ref name="mcgm.gov.in">https://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/Assessment%20And%20Collection%20(Election)/Docs/Election%20Department/BMC%20General%20Election%202025/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%3a%20BMC%20Election/List%20of%20constesting%20Candidatespdf</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="1" | Ward
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP + SHS]]<ref name="BJP First List of Candidates BMC 2026"/><ref name="BJP Complete Candidate List BMC 2026"/><ref>https://english.lokshahi.com/maharashtra/eknath-shinde-shiv-sena-candidates-list-for-mumbai-municipal-corporation</ref>
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}" |[[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS(UBT) + MNS + NCP(SP)]]<ref name="SSUBT First List of candidates BMC 2026"/><ref name="SSUBT and MNS List of candidates BMC 2026"/>
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |[[Indian National Congress|INC + VBA + RSPS]]<ref name="INC First List of Candidates BMC 2026"/>
|-
! No.
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
|-
| 1
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rekha Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Foram Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|SMITA LOKE
|-
|2
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Tejaswi Ghosalkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Dhanashree Kolge
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Menaka Girish Singh
|-
| 3
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Prakash Darekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Roshni Gaikwad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Pradeep Chaubey
|-
| 4
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Mangesh Pangare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Raju Mulla
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rahul Vishwakarma
|-
| 5
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sanjay Ghadi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sujata Patekar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Narendra Kumar Sharma
|-
| 6
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Diksha Karkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sanjana Vengurlekar
!colspan=3|—{{efn|No candidate was put up by INC in Ward 6.}}
|-
| 7
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ganesh Khankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Saurabh Ghosalkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ashish Fernandes
|-
| 8
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Yogita Patil
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Kasturi Rohekar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ratnaprabha Junnarkar
|-
| 9
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Shivanand Shetty
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sanjay Bhosale
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sadunand Chavan
|-
| 10
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jitendra Patel
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Vijay Krishna Patil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Avinash Sankhe
|-
| 11
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Dr. Aditi Khursange
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Kavita Mane
!colspan=3 rowspan=6|—{{efn|No candidate was put up by INC in Wards 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16.}}
|-
| 12
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Suvarna Gavas
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sarika Jhore
|-
| 13
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rani Trivedi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Ashawari Patil
|-
| 14
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Seema Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Pooja Mainkar
|-
| 15
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jignasa Shah
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Jayshree Bangera
|-
| 16
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Shweta Korgaonkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Swati Borkar
|-
| 17
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Shilpa Sangore
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Ashwini Sarfare
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sangeeta Kadam
|-
| 18
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sandhya Doshi
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Sadichha More
!colspan=3 rowspan=2|—{{efn|No candidate was put up by INC in Wards 18 and 19.}}
|-
| 19
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Dakshata Kaothankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Leena Gudekar
|-
| 20
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Deepak Tawde
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Dinesh Salvi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mastan Ishtiaq Khan
|-
| 21
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Leena Deherkar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Sonali Dev Mishra
!colspan=3|—{{efn|No candidate was put up by INC in Ward 21.}}
|-
| 22
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Himanshu Parekh
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Ashish Patil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Pradeep Kothari
|-
| 23
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Shiv Kumar Jha
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Kiran Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rajendra Pratap Pandey
|-
| 24
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Swati Jaiswal
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Mukta Patel
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Saroj Magar
|-
| 25
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Nisha Parulekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Yogesh Janardhan Bhoir
!colspan=3|—{{efn|No candidate was put up by INC in Ward 25.}}
|-
| 26
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Pritam Pandagale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Dharmendra Kale
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Suresh Chandra Rajhans
|-
| 27
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Neelam Gurav
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Asha Vishnu Chander
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Sangeeta Shingade
|-
| 28
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vrushali Hundare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Prajakta Kokane
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ajanta Yadav
|-
| 29
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Nitin Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sachin Patil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dev Kumar Kanojia
|-
| 30
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Dhaval Vora
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Diwakar Patil
!colspan=3|—{{efn|No candidate was put up by INC in Ward 30.}}
|-
| 31
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Manisha Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Jyoti More
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Beena Singh
|-
| 32
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Manali Bhandari
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Geeta Bhandari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sireena Zicco Kinny
|-
| 33
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ujjwala Vaiti
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sarika Parte
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mohammad Moeen Siddique
|-
|rowspan=2|34
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|John Dennis
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Vikas Dashpute
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Hyder Aslam Shaikh
|-
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vijay Mahadik
|-
| 35
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Yogesh Verma
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Deepak More
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Parag Shah
|-
| 36
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Siddharth Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Prashant Mahadik
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sanjay Nagrecha
|-
| 37
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Pratibha Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Yogita Prashant
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Meena Dubey
|-
| 38
|{{Party name with colour|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rishita Chache
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Surekha Parab
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Tejaswini Gaikwad
|-
| 39
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vinay Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Pushpa Kalambe
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Madhu Singh
|-
| 40
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sanjay Awhad
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Tulsiram Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}
|Aditya Yadav
|-
| 41
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Mansi Pavaskar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Suhas Wadkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rahul Ugale
|-
| 42
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Dhanshree Bharadkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Pranita Nikum
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Manisha Surve
|-
| 43
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Vinod Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Ajit Raorane
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sudarshan Fulchand Soni
|-
| 44
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sangeeta Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Saili Sakpal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Savitri Yadav
|-
| 45
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sanjay Kamble
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Neerav Barote
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ramesh Bharat Yadav
|-
| 46
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Yogita Koli
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Snehita Sandesh
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 47
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Tajinder Singh Tiwana
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shankar Gurav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Parminder Singh Bhamra
|-
| 48
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Salma Almekar
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Ganesh Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rafiq Eliyas Shaikh
|-
| 49
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sumitra Mhatre
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sangeeta Sutar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sangeeta Koli
|-
| 50
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Vikram Rajput
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Tanvi Rao
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sameer Balaram Mungekar
|-
| 51
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Varsha Tembvalkar
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Arti Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rekha DIlip Singh
|-
| 52
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Preeti Satam
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Supriya Gadhave
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Swati Eknath Sangle
|-
| 53
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Ashok Khandve
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Jitendra Valvi
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Nitin Valvi
|-
| 54
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Viplav Avsare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Ankit Prabhu
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Rahul Thoke
|-
| 55
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Harsh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Shailendra More
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Chetan Bhatt
|-
| 56
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rajul Desai
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Lakshmi Bhatia
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Usha Tirpude
|-
| 57
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Shrikala Pillay
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Rohan Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gaurav Arun Rane
|-
| 58
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sandeep Patel
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Virendra Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Suryakant Mishra
|-
| 59
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Yogita Dabhadkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shailesh Phanse
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Jayesh Ramdas Sandhe
|-
| 60
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sayali Kulkarni
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Meghna Vishal Mane
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gladys Shriyar
|-
| 61
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rajul Patel
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sejal Dayanand Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Divya Avaneesh Singh
|-
| 62
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Raju Pednekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Zeeshan Changez Multani
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Saif Ahad Khan
|-
| 63
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rupesh Savarkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Devendra Amberkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Priyanka Ganpat Sanap
|-
| 64
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sarita Rajpure
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Saba Harun Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Huda Adam Shaikh Khan
|-
| 65
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Vitthal Banderi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Prasad Ayre
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sufiyan Haider
|-
| 66
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Arti Pandya
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Isa Mohammad Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Meher Mohsin Haider
|-
| 67
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Deepak Kotekar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Kushal Dhuri
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Pir Mohammad Sheikh
|-
| 68
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rohan Rathod
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Sandesh Desai
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Paramjeet Singh
|-
| 69
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sudha Singh
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Yogesh Gore
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Prakash Yedge
|-
| 70
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Anish Makwani
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Prasad Nagaokar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bhupendra Shingare
|-
| 71
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sunita Mehta
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shraddha Prabhu
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Shraddha Ghadge
|-
| 72
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mamata Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Manisha Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gayatri Gupta
|-
| 73
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Deepti Vaikar Potnis
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Lona Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Sneha Jadhav
|-
| 74
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ujjwala Modak
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Vidya Arya Kangane
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Samita Nitin Sawant
|-
| 75
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Umesh Rane
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Pramod Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Imran Khalil Shaikh
|-
| 76
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Prakash Musale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sneha Bhatkar
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Prakash Kelaskar
|-
| 77
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Priyanka Ambolkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shivani Parab
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Monika Wadekar
|-
| 78
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Nazia Safi
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Radba Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Siddiqui Shabana Bano
|-
| 79
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sayali Parab
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Mansi Madhukar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Priyanka Mishra
|-
| 80
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Disha Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Ekta Chaudhary
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 81
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kesharben Patel
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Shabnam Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kavita Raysaheb Saroj
|-
| 82
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jagdeshwari Amin
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Payal Naik
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Fatima Khan
|-
| 83
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Nidhi Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sonali Sabe
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Winnifred D'Souza
|-
| 84
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Anjali Samant
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Rupali Dalvi
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 85
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Milind Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Chetan Belkar
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Ramswami Yadav
|-
| 86
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Ritesh Rai
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Clive Dais
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nitin Salagare
|-
| 87
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Krishna Mahesh Parkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Pooja Mahadeshwar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Pramod Narvekar
|-
| 88
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Pragya Samant
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sharvari Parab
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Nidhi More
|-
| 89
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rajesh Naik
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Gitesh Raut
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kamlesh Chaurasiya
|-
| 90
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jyoti Upadhayay
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Masood Ansari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Tulip Miranda
|-
| 91
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sagun Naik
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Krishna Mahadgut
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sheikh Mohammad Rafiq
|-
| 92
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Salim Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Arun Kamble
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ibrahim Iqbal Qureshi
|-
| 93
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sumit Vajale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Rohini Kamble
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sharad Shejawal
|-
| 94
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Pallavi Sarmalkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Pragya Bhutkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Supriya Pathak
|-
| 95
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Suhas Adiverkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Hari Shastri
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Ram Chandra Gupta
|-
| 96
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Tibha Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sana Haleem Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Shabana Zakir Shaikh
|-
| 97
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Hetal Gala
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Mamata Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Gauri Chhabriya
|-
| 98
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Alka Kerkar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Dipti Kate
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Sudarshan Yelve
|-
| 99
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jitendra Raut
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Chintamani Nivate
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sunita Wavekar
|-
| 100
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Swapna Mhatre
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sadhana Varaskar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nida Tufail Shaikh
|-
| 101
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Anushree Ghodke
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Akshata Menezes
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Karen Demello
|-
| 102
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Nilesh Handgar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Anant Hazare
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Raja Siraj Khan
|-
| 103
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Hetal Markvekar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Dipti Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Manisha Sonavane
|-
| 104
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Prakash Gangadhar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Rajesh Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Hemant Arun Bapat
|-
| 105
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Anita Vaiti
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Archana Chaure
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Shubhangi Vaity
|-
| 106
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Prabhakar Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Satyawan Dalvi
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}
|Sanjay Balaram
|-
| 107
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Neil Somaiya
!colspan=3|—
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Vaishali Sakpal
|-
| 108
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Deepika Ghag
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shubhangi Keni
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Ashwini Poche
|-
| 109
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rajshree Mandvilkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Suresh Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ajay Patel
|-
| 110
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jenny Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Harinakshi Chirath
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Asha Suresh Koparkar
|-
| 111
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sarika Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Deepak Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Ritesh Keni
|-
| 112
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sakshi Dalvi
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Manju Jaiswal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Shreya Shetty
|-
| 113
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rupesh Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Deepmala Baban
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Suryakant Amane
|-
| 114
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Supriya Dhurat
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Rajul Patil
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Seema Ingle
|-
| 115
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Smita Parab
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Jyoti Rajbhoj
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 116
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Jagruti Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shraddha Uttekar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sangeeta Tulaskar
|-
| 117
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Suvarna Karanje
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shweta Pawaskar
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 118
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Tejaswi Gade
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sunita Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Sunita Veer
|-
| 119
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rajesh Sonawane
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Vishwajeet Dholam
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Chetan Ahire
|-
| 120
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rajrajeshwari Redkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Vishwas Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Khushbu Gupta
|-
| 121
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Pratima Khopde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Priyadarshini Thackeray
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Deekshita Vighne
|-
| 122
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Chandan Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Nilesh Salunkhe
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Vishal Khandagale
|-
| 123
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Anil Nirmale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sunil More
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Baldhar Yadav
|-
| 124
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Jyoti Haroon Khan
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sakina Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Reeta Bhonsale
|-
| 125
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Suresh Awale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Satish Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Sumedh Kasare
|-
| 126
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Archana Bhalerao
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shilpa Bhosale
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nasir Khan
|-
| 127
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Alka Bhagat
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Swaroopa Patil
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Varsha Thorat
|-
| 128
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Ashwini Hande
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Sai Shirke
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 129
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ashwini Mate
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Vijaya Gite
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Tripti Matele
|-
| 130
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Dharmesh Giri
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Anand Kothavade
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Harish Karkera
|-
| 131
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rakhi Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Vrushali Chavak
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Smita Khatu
|-
| 132
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ritu Tawde]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Kranti Mohite
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 133
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Shrutika Kande
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Bhagyashree Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vaishali Phalke
|-
| 134
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sameera Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sakina Bano
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Benazir Irfan
|-
| 135
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Navnath Ban
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Samiksha Sakre
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vasant Kumbhar
|-
| 136
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Nizam Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Naresh Patil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Alam Abdul Qayyum
|-
| 137
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Ayesha Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Mahadev Ambekar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nizamuddin Rayeen
|-
| 138
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Amol Ambekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Arjun Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sufiyan Niyaz
|-
| 139
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Zarina Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Shiromani Yeshu Jagli
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Snehal Sohni
|-
|rowspan=2|140
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Sonali Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Siddharth Ustre
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Prajyoti Handore
|-
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Sanjay Kamble
|-
| 141
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Shritika More
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Vitthal Lokre
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 142
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Apeksha Khandekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sunanda Lokre
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bharti Dhaygude
|-
| 143
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Shobha Jaybhaye
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Pranjal Rane
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Shaikh Farzana
|-
| 144
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Dinesh Bablu Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Nimish Bhosale
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sachin Mohite
|-
| 145
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Deepak Maheshwari
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Arun Hule
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sufiyan Abdul Mubeen
|-
| 146
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Samruddhi Kate
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Rajesh Purabhe
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Satish Rajguru
|-
| 147
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Pragya Sadafule
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Jayshree Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Anupama Kedare
|-
| 148
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Anjali Naik
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Pramod Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rajendra Mahulkar
|-
| 149
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Susham Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Avinash Mayekar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ganesh Awasthi
|-
| 150
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Vanita Kokare
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Savita Thorve
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vaishali Shedkar
|-
| 151
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kashish Fulwaria
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sonia Thorat
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sangeeta Bhalerao
|-
| 152
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Asha Marathe
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Sudhanshu Dunbale
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Shashikant Bansode
|-
| 153
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Tanvi Kate
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Meenakshi Patankar
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 154
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mahadev Shigwan
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shekhar Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Murali Kumar Pillai
|-
| 155
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Varsha Shette
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Snehal Shivkar
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Jyoti Waghmare
|-
| 156
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Ashwini Matekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sanjana Santosh Kasle
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Savita Pawar
|-
| 157
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Asha Taide
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sarita Mhaske
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Sonali Bansode
|-
| 158
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Akanksha Shette
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Chitra Sangle
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Radhika Pawar
|-
| 159
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Prakash More
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Prakash Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Pralhad Shetty
|-
| 160
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Kiran Landge
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Rajendra Pakhare
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Gautam Haral
|-
| 161
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vijayendra Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Irshad Sayyed
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Imran Hassan Khan
|-
| 162
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Wajid Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Annamalai S.
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mohammad Aamir Arif
|-
| 163
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Shaila Lande
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sangeeta Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sonu Jain
|-
| 164
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Harish Bhandirge
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sainath Sadhu Katke
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Ashish Jadhav
|-
| 165
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rupesh Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Abhijeet Kamble
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mohammad Ashraf Azmi
|-
| 166
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Meenal Sanjay Turde
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Rajan Khairnar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ghanshyam Bhapkar
|-
| 167
!colspan=3|—{{efn|No candidate was put up by the Shiv Sena in Ward 167.}}
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Suvarna More
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Saman Arshad Azmi
|-
| 168
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Anuradha Pednekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sudhir Khatu
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Wasim Siddique
|-
| 169
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Jay Kudalakar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Pravina Morajkar
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Swapnil Javalgekar
|-
| 170
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ranjita Divekar
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Ruhi Khanolkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Reshma Tabrez Momin
|-
| 171
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sanvi Tandel
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Rani Yerunkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Santosh Jadhav
|-
| 172
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rajshree Shirodkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Madhuri Bhise
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 173
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Pooja Kamble
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Pranitha Waghdhare
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Sugandha Sonde
|-
| 174
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sakshi Kanojia
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Padmavati Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ishwari Velu
|-
|rowspan=2|175
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Mansi Satamkar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Archana Kasale
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Lalita Yadav
|-
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Arti Devendra
|-
| 176
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rekha Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Harshada Patil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Anita Patole
|-
| 177
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Kalpesha Kothari
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Hemali Bhansali
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Kumud Warekar
|-
| 178
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Amey Ghole
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Bajrang Deshmukh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Raghunath Thawai
|-
|rowspan=2|179
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Shama Sardar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Deepali Khedekar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Ayesha Bano
|-
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Bharati Pandey
|-
| 180
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|[[Trushna Vishwasrao]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Asmita Gaonkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Smita Mhatre
|-
| 181
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Pushpa Koli
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Anil Kadam
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Kamlesh Pappu Yadav
|-
| 182
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rajan Parkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|[[Milind Vaidya]]
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 183
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vaishali Shewale
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Parubhai Katke
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Asha Deepak Kale
|-
| 184
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Komal Jain
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Varsha Nakashe
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sajida Babbu Khan
|-
| 185
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ravi Raja
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|T. M. Jagadish
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Chitroda Lalji
|-
| 186
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Neela Sonavane
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Archana Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Saddichha Shinde
|-
| 187
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vakil Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Joseph Koli
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ayesha Aslam Khan
|-
| 188
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Bhaskar Shetty
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Arif Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mariammal Muturamlingam
|-
| 189
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mangala Gaikwad
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Harshala More
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vaishali Waghmare
|-
| 190
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sheetal Gambhir Desai
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Vaishali Patil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dayashankar Yadav
|-
| 191
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Priya Sarvankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|[[Vishakha Raut]]
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 192
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Preeti Patankar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Yashwant Killedar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Deepak Waghmare
|-
| 193
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Pralhad Varlikar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Hemangi Varlikar
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Bhushan Nagvekar
|-
| 194
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Samadhan Sarvankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Nishikant Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Ashok Gujetti
|-
| 195
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rajesh Kangane
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Vijay Bhange
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Mohan Pawar
|-
| 196
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sonali Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Padmaja Chemburkar
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Rachana Khute
|-
| 197
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vanita Narvankar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Rachana Salvi
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Asmita Dolas
|-
| 198
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vandana Gawli
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Aboli Khade
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 199
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Rupali Kasule
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|[[Kishori Pednekar]]
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Nandini Jadhav
|-
| 200
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sandeep Pansande
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Urmila Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Suresh Kale
|-
| 201
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Supriya More
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Rekha Kamble
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Pallavi Mungekar
|-
| 202
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Parth Bavkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shraddha Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Pramod Jadhav
|-
| 203
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Samidha Bhalekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shraddha Pednekar
!colspan=3|—
|-
| 204
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Anil Kokil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Kiran Tawde
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Narendra Awadooth
|-
| 205
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Varsha Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Supriya Dalvi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Apurva Salistekar
|-
| 206
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sanjay Nana Ambole
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sachin Padwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sunil Yadav
|-
| 207
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rohidas Lokhande
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Shalaka Aryan
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Chandrashekhar Kande
|-
| 208
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Vijay Lipare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Ramakant Rahate
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Satish Khandge
|-
| 209
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|[[Yamini Jadhav]]
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Hasina Mahimkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Abdul Rasheed Damudi
|-
| 210
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Santosh Rane
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sonam Jamsutkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Anil Tukaram Vaje
|-
| 211
!colspan=3 rowspan=2|—{{efn|BJP candidate Shakeel Ansari's nomination was rejected from Ward 211.}}{{efn|BJP candidate Mandakini Khamkar's nomination was rejected from Ward 212.}}
!colspan=3|—
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Waqar Nisar Ahmed
|-
| 212
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Shravani Haldankar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nazia Ashfaque Siddiqui
|-
| 213
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Aasha Mamidi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Shraddha Surve
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Nasima Zayed
|-
| 214
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ajay Patil
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Mukesh Bhalerao
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mahesh Gawale
|-
| 215
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Santosh Dhole
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Kiran Balsaraf
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Bhavna Koli
|-
| 216
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Gauri Narvankar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Rajshree Nagre
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rajashree Bhatankar
|-
| 217
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Gaurang Jhaveri
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Nilesh Shirdhankar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Ravikant Baykar
|-
| 218
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Snehal Tendulkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Geeta Ahirekar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rekha Thakur
|-
| 219
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Sunny Sanap
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Rajendra Gaikwad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Anuradha Kashelkar
|-
| 220
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Dipali Kulathe
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sampada Mayekar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Sonal Parmar
|-
| 221
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Akash Purohit
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Abhijeet Gurav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Prithviraj Jain
|-
| 222
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rita Makwana
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Sampat Thakur
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vijay Prabhulkar
|-
| 223
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Priya Patil
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|Prashant Gandhi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Dyanraj Nikam
|-
| 224
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Ruchi Wadkar
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|Sania Kashif Shah
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Rukhsana Noorul Amin
|-
|rowspan=2|225
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Harshita Narwekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Ajinkya Dhatrak
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan=2|Vishal Jaunjal
|-
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Sujata Sanap
|-
| 226
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Makarand Narwekar
!colspan=3|—
!colspan=3 rowspan=2|—
|-
| 227
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Dr. Gauravi Narwekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|Rehana Ghafoor Sheikh
|}

<ref name="mcgm.gov.in"/>

== Exit polls ==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;font-size:95;line-height:16px;"
! rowspan="2" | Polling agency
| bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
! rowspan="2" | Lead
|-
! BJP+
! SS(UBT)+
! INC+
! Others
|-
|Axis My India
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''141'''
|63
|14
|9
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''''BJP+'''''
|-
|JVC Poll
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''138'''
|59
|23
|7
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''''BJP+'''''
|-
|JDS
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''127–154'''
|44–64
|16–25
|10–21
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''''BJP+'''''
|-
|Janmat Polls
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''138'''
|62
|20
|7
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''''BJP+'''''
|-
|DV Research
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''107–122'''
|68–83
|18–25
|10–19
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''''BJP+'''''
|-
!Poll of polls<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-elections-2026-live-updates-municipal-corporation-polls-bjp-eknath-shinde-shiv-sena-mahayuti-voting-mumbai-bmc-election-commission/liveblog/126536394.cms</ref>
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''132'''
!63
!20
!11
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''''BJP+'''''
|-
! scope="row" | Actual result
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''118'''
! '''72'''
! '''24'''
! '''13'''
| bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} | '''BJP+'''
|-
|}

==Result==
=== Results by alliance or party ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Source
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Alliance/ Party
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
!SR
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
! %
|-
| rowspan=3 bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|
! rowspan=3|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] + [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| {{formatnum:1540781}}
| 28.13
|
| style="text-align:left"| 135{{efn|BJP and SHS will have a friendly fight in Ward 225.}}
| 89
| {{up}} 7
| 65.93
|-
| {{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
| {{formatnum:698253}}
| 12.75
|
| style="text-align:left"|89{{efn|BJP and SHS will have a friendly fight in Ward 225.}}
| 29
| {{new}}
| 32.58
|-
| colspan="2"style="background:#ffead6" | '''Total'''
| style="background:#ffead6" | '''{{formatnum:2239034}}'''
| style="background:#ffead6" | '''40.88'''
| style="background:#ffead6" |
| style="background:#ffead6; text-align:left" | '''224{{efn|Nomination of BJP candidates from Wards 211 & 212 were cancelled.}}{{efn|SHS did not put up a candidate in Ward 167.}}'''
| style="background:#ffead6" | '''118'''
| style="background:#ffead6" |
| style="background:#ffead6" | '''52.68'''
|-
| rowspan=4 bgcolor={{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}|
! rowspan=4|[[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS(UBT)]] + [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|MNS]] + [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]]
| {{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
| {{formatnum:1323279}}
| 24.16
|
| style="text-align:left"|160{{efn|SS(UBT) and NCP(SP) will have friendly fight in Ward 140 and Ward 179.}}
| 65
| {{new}}
| 40.63
|-
| {{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
| {{formatnum:332960}}
| 6.08
|
| style="text-align:left"| 53{{efn|MNS and NCP(SP) will have friendly fight in Ward 175.}}
| 6
| {{down}} 1
| 11.32
|-
| {{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar}}
| {{formatnum:30573}}
| 0.56
|
| style="text-align:left"|11
| 1
| {{new}}
| 9.09
|-
| colspan="2"style="background:#fccea2" | '''Total'''
| style="background:#fccea2" | '''{{formatnum:1686812}}'''
| style="background:#fccea2" | '''30.80'''
| style="background:#fccea2" |
| style="background:#fccea2; text-align:left" | '''224{{efn|The alliance has no candidate in 3 wards.}}'''
| style="background:#fccea2" | 72
| style="background:#fccea2" |
| style="background:#fccea2" | 32.14
|-
| rowspan=4 bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|
! rowspan=4|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] + [[Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi|VBA]] + [[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha|RSPS]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| {{formatnum:242646}}
| 9.31
|
| style="text-align:left"| 151
| 24
| {{down}} 7
| 15.89
|-
| {{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:left"| 46
| 0
| {{nochange}}
|
|-
| {{Party name with color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}
|
|
|
| style="text-align:left"| 2
| 0
| {{nochange}}
|
|-
| colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF" | '''Total'''
| style="background:#E5F8FF" |
| style="background:#E5F8FF" |
| style="background:#E5F8FF" |
| style="background:#E5F8FF; text-align:left" | '''199{{efn|The alliance does not have any candidate in 28 wards.}}'''
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 24
| style="background:#E5F8FF" |
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 12.06
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|
| style="text-align:left"|
|
| 9
| 0
| {{nochange}}
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| 24,691
| style="text-align:left"| 0.95
|
| 37
| 3
| {{new}}
| 8.11
|-
| {{Party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
| colspan="3" | [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| 15,162
| style="text-align:left"| 0.58
|
| 30
| 2
| {{down}} 4
| 6.67
|-
| {{Party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
| colspan="3" | [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]]
| 68,072
| style="text-align:left"| 2.61
|
|
| 8
| {{up}} 6
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Akhil Bharatiya Sena}}
| colspan="3" | [[Akhil Bharatiya Sena|ABS]]
|
| style="text-align:left"|
|
|
| 0
| {{down}} 1
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Others}}
| colspan="3" |Others
|
|
|
|
| 13
|
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|None of the above (India)}}
| colspan="3" | [[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
!
! 100%
! —
!
! 227
! —
! —
|}

===Results by ward===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" |Area<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bmcelections.com/wards-in-mumbai|title=Wards of BMC|work=BMC Elections|accessdate=11 January 2026}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Ward Details
! colspan="4" |Winner<ref>{{Cite web |title=BMC Election Results 2026 - Ward-wise Winner of BMC Elections 2026 - CKAN |url=https://data.opencity.in/dataset/bmc-election-results-2026/resource/de85ecee-0226-47da-9772-900fc93bfd30 |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=data.opencity.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=aamchi मुंबई - Mumbai Civic Tracker |url=https://www.mumbaitracker.in/results |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=www.mumbaitracker.in}}</ref>
! colspan="4" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" |Margin
|-
! No.
! Area
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
|-
| rowspan="8" | R–North
!1
|Kandarpada - IC Colony
|Rekha Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,544
|Sheetal Mhatre
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|5,070
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|2,474
|-
!2
|Gaondevi - Dahisar (East)
|Tejaswi Ghosalkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16,484
|Dhanashree Kolge
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,729
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,755
|-
!3
|Ketkipada - Shailendra Nagar
|Prakash Darekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,325
|Roshni Gaikwad
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,340
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,985
|-
!4
|Ravalpad
|Mangesh Pangare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|14,667
|Raju Mulla
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,779
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|3,888
|-
!5
|Ashokvan - Chintamani Nagar
|Sanjay Ghadi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|15,348
|Sujata Patekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,420
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|4,928
|-
!6
|Ambadi - Overi Pada
|Diksha Karkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|18,235
|Sanjana Vengurlekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,777
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|12,458
|-
!7
|Kandarpada
|Ganesh Khankar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,148
|Saurabh Ghosalkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,351
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|797
|-
!8
|Mandapeshwar
|Yogita Patil
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,168
|Ratnaprabha Junnarkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3,733
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,435
|-
| rowspan="10" | R–Central
!9
|MHB Colony
|Shivanand Shetty
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18,423
|Sanjay Bhosale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,525
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,898
|-
!10
|Govind Nagar
|Jitendra Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20,126
|Vijay Patil
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|7,877
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12,249
|-
!11
|Daulat Nagar
|Aditi Khursange
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|14,513
|Kavita Mane
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|11,850
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|2,663
|-
!12
|National Park
|Sarika Zore
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,232
|Suvarna Gavas
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,348
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,884
|-
!13
|Alta Colony - Dattapada
|Rani Dwivedi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16,360
|Asawari Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,958
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,402
|-
!14
|Rajendra Nagar, Borivali
|Seema Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,241
|Pooja Mainkar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|9,192
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,049
|-
!15
|Kora Centre
|Jignasa Shah
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26,088
|Jayshree Bangera
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|4,554
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|21,534
|-
!16
|Vazhira Naka
|Shweta Korgaonkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15,753
|Swati Borkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,659
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,094
|-
!17
|Kastur Park
|Shilpa Sangore
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20,390
|Ashwini Sarfare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,063
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|14,327
|-
!18
|Charkop (S), Kandivali
|Sandhya Doshi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|15,569
|Sadiccha More
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|12,126
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|3,443
|-
| rowspan="13" | R–South
!19
|Charkop Sector
|Dakshata Kavthankar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,466
|Leena Gudhekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,590
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|876
|-
!20
|Sahyadri Nagar
|Dipak Tawde
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,268
|Dinesh Salvi
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|7,530
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,738
|-
!21
|Mahavir Nagar
|Leena Deherkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20,267
|Sonali Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|7,003
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,264
|-
!22
|Sundar Pada
|Himanshu Parekh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16,919
|Ashish Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,188
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,731
|-
!23
|Parsi Colony
|Shiv Kumar Jha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,090
|Kiran Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|5,810
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,280
|-
!24
|Defence Colony
|Swati Jaiswal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,371
|Mukta Patel
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,372
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,999
|-
!25
|Thakur Village
|Nisha Parulekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,518
|Yogesh Bhoir
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,429
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,089
|-
!26
|Gautam Nagar, Damu Nagar
|Dharmendra Kale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,459
|Pritam Pandagale
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,501
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|958
|-
!27
|Narsi Pada
|Neelam Gurav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,028
|Asha Chandar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|5,110
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,918
|-
!28
|Hanuman Nagar
|Ajanta Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,579
|Vrushali Hundare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,849
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,730
|-
!29
|Ashok Nagar
|Sachin Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|14,038
|Nitin Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,125
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,913
|-
!30
|Irani Wadi
|Dhaval Vora
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23,346
|Diwakar Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|2,499
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|20,847
|-
!31
|Ekta Nagar
|Manisha Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,501
|Bhagyalakshmi Rajpurohit
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,223
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|278
|-
| rowspan="18" | P–North
!32
|Malwani and Jankalyan Nagar
|Geeta Bhandari
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,677
|Manali Bhandari
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,593
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|84
|-
!33
|Azad Nagar
|Mohd. Moin Siddiqui
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,644
|Ujjwala Vaity
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,318
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,326
|-
!34
|BMC Colony
|Haider Ali Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|16,622
|John Dennis
|{{Party name with color|BJP}}
|4,229
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|12,393
|-
!35
|Dominic Colony
|Yogesh Verma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16,862
|Dipak More
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,808
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,054
|-
!36
|Pushpa Park
|Siddharth Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,203
|Prashant Mahadik
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|7,348
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,855
|-
!37
|Kurar Village
|Yogita Kadam
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,981
|Pratibha Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,072
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,909
|-
!38
|Tanaji Nagar
|Surekha Parab
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|11,226
|Rishita Chache
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,953
|style="background:{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}} ; color:white;"|3,273
|-
!39
|Gokul Nagar
|Pushpa Kalambe
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,411
|Madhu Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|5,228
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,183
|-
!40
|Mira Nagar, Dindoshi
|Tulshiram Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,263
|Sanjay Awhad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,523
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,740
|-
!41
|Nagri Nivara, Santosh Nagar
|Suhas Wadkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,196
|Manasi Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,600
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|596
|-
!42
|Pimpri Pada
|Dhanashree Bharadkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,541
|Pranita Nikam
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,519
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,022
|-
!43
|Kokni Pada
|Ajit Raorane
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar}}
|11,760
|Vinod Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,265
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar}} ; color:white;"|495
|-
!44
|Raheja Township
|Sangeeta Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,242
|Sayali Sakpal
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,500
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,742
|-
!45
|Govind Nagar
|Sanjay Kamble
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18,884
|Nirav Barot
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,081
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12,803
|-
!46
|Mamaleddar Wadi
|Yogita Koli
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19,766
|Snehita Dehalikar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|8,919
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,847
|-
!47
|Mamaleddar Wadi
|Tejinder Singh Tiwana
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,558
|Ganesh Gurav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,923
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|7,635
|-
!48
|Malni Depot
|Rafiq Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|13,154
|Salma Almelkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|3,625
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|9,529
|-
!49
|Madh Bet
|Sangeeta Koli
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,733
|Sangeeta Sutar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,908
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,825
|-
| rowspan="9" | P–South
!50
|Bangurnagar, Sundar Nagar
|Vikram Rajput
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,763
|Tanvi Rao
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,400
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,363
|-
!51
|Jayprakash Nagar
|Varsha Tembawalkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|11,567
|Aarti Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar}}
|6,376
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|5,191
|-
!52
|Gokuldam
|Priti Satam
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,917
|Supriya Gadhave
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,953
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|964
|-
!53
|Arey Colony
|Jitendra Valvi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,776
|Ashok Khandave
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,558
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,218
|-
!54
|Pandurang Wadi
|Ankit Prabhu
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,197
|Viplav Aksare
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,022
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,175
|-
!55
|Jawahar Nagar
|Harsh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18,728
|Shailendra More
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena }}
|5,007
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,721
|-
!56
|Motilal Nagar
|Laxmi Bhatia
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,455
|Rajul Desai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,718
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|737
|-
!57
|Lakshmi Nagar
|Shrikala Pillay
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,194
|Gaurav Rane
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,516
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,678
|-
!58
|Oshivara Depot
|Sandeep Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,406
|Virendra Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|8,155
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,251
|-
| rowspan="13" | K–West
!59
|Versova
|Yashodhar Phanse
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,610
|Yogiraj Dabhadkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,237
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|373
|-
!60
|Lokhandwala
|Sayali Kulkarni
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,016
|Meghana Mane
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,895
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,121
|-
!61
|Anand Nagar
|Divya Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,890
|Rajul Patel
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,885
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2,005
|-
!62
|Behram Baag
|Zeeshan Multani
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,154
|Raju Pednekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,333
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,821
|-
!63
|MHADA Colony
|Rupesh Savarkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,193
|Devendra Amberkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,655
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|538
|-
!64
|Shivalik Nagar
|Saba Khan
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,174
|Sarita Rajpure
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,406
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,768
|-
!65
|Rambag, Amboli
|Vitthal Banderi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,328
|Prasad Ayare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,245
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,083
|-
!66
|Lohana Colony
|Meher Haider
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,254
|Aarti Pandya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,543
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,711
|-
!67
|Char Bangla
|Deepak Kotekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,322
|Kushal Dhuri
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena }}
|4,931
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,391
|-
!68
|Saat Bangla
|Rohan Rathod
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,992
|Sandesh Desai
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|6,368
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,624
|-
!69
|Juhu Tara
|Sudha Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,492
|Yogesh Gore
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,432
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,060
|-
!70
|Azad Nagar, Mithibai
|Anish Makwani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,745
|Prasad Nagaonkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|4,260
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,485
|-
!71
|Juhu Koliwada
|Sunita Mehta
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,825
|Shraddha Prabhu
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,515
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,310
|-
| rowspan="15" | K–East
!72
|Natwar Nagar
|Mamata Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,588
|Manisha Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,982
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,606
|-
!73
|Shamnagar
|Lona Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|13,424
|Dipti Waikar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|10,293
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,131
|-
!74
|Ganesh Nagar
|Vidya Kangane
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|8,036
|Ujjwala Modak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,955
|style="background:{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}} ; color:white;"|81
|-
!75
|Marol Depot
|Pramod Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,131
|Umesh Rane
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,609
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,522
|-
!76
|Subhash Nagar
|Prakash Musale
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,036
|Sneha Bhatkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,084
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,952
|-
!77
|Meghwadi
|Shivani Parab
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|15,431
|Priyanka Ambolkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,658
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|8,773
|-
!78
|Shivaji Nagar
|Sophie Jabbar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,826
|Gausiya Shaikh
|{{Party color cell|Others}}
|align=left|JPP{{efn|Jan Parivartan Party}}
|4,710
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,116
|-
!79
|Shankar Wadi
|Mansi Juvatkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,104
|Sayali Parab
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|9,519
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,585
|-
!80
|Parsi Colony
|Disha Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,683
|Ekta Chaudhari
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,424
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,259
|-
!81
|Sher-E-PunjSherh
|Kesharben Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,224
|Mohini Dhamane
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,841
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,383
|-
!82
|Ashoker Nagar
|Jagdishwari Amin
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,260
|Payal Naik
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,607
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,653
|-
!83
|Brahmin Pada
|Sonali Sabe
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,691
|Nidhi Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,654
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,037
|-
!84
|Koldongri
|Anjali Samant
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17,692
|Rupali Dalvi
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|13,764
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,928
|-
!85
|Dahankar College
|Milind Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19,390
|Chetan Belkar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|7,853
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,537
|-
!86
|Sahara Village
|Ritesh Rai
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,248
|Clive Dias
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,284
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,964
|-
| rowspan="10" | H–East
!87
|Hanuman Tekdi
|Puja Mahadeshwar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,588
|Krishna Parkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,160
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,428
|-
!88
|Wakola
|Sharvari Parab
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,675
|Pradnya Samant
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,134
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,541
|-
!89
|Dhobi Ghat
|Gitesh Raut
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,257
|Rajesh Naik
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|9,003
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,254
|-
!90
|Kalina
|Tulip Miranda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|5,197
|Jyoti Upadhyay
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,190
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|7
|-
!91
|Vidya Nagar
|Sagun Naik
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,830
|Krishna Mhadgut
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,140
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,690
|-
!92
|Bharat Nagar
|Ibrahim Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,586
|Haji Salim Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|4,274
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,312
|-
!93
|MIG Colony
|Rohini Kamble
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,268
|Sumit Vajale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,050
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|4,218
|-
!94
|Golibar
|Pragya Bhutkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,337
|Pallavi Pai
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,977
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,360
|-
!95
|Kherwadi
|Hari Shastri
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,563
|Suhas Adiwarekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,644
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,919
|-
!96
|Vandre Terminus
|Ayesha Khan
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|7,162
|Shabana Zakir
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|4,440
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} ; color:black;"|2,722
|-
| rowspan="6" | H–West
!97
|Santacruz Bus Depot
| Hetal Gala
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,398
|Mamata Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,493
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,905
|-
!98
|Khar West
|Alka Kerkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,866
|Dipti Kate
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|3,094
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,772
|-
!99
|Khar Danda + Gazdar Bandh
|Chintamani Nivate
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,538
|Jitendra Raut
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,219
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|319
|-
!100
|Pali Village + Old Khar
|Swapna Mhatre
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,910
|Nida Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,331
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,579
|-
!101
|Bandra Talao and Bandstand
|Karen D'Mello
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|9,424
|Anushree Ghodke
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,620
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|804
|-
!102
|Bandra Reclamation
|Rehbar Siraj Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,770
|Nilesh Handgar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3,814
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|10,956
|-
| rowspan="6" | T
!103
|Tulsi Lake
| Hetal Morvekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17,334
|Dipti Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|5,205
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12,109
|-
!104
|Siddarth Nagar
|Prakash Gangadhare
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15,569
|Rajesh Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|7,238
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,331
|-
!105
|Gavhanpada
|Anita Vaiti
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,742
|Archana Chavare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,762
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,980
|-
!106
|Hariom Nagar
|Prabhakar Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,897
|Satyavan Dalvi
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|11,733
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|164
|-
!107
|Mulund
|Neil Somaiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21,229
|Dinesh Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|6,224
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15,005
|-
!108
|Hanumanpada
|Deepika Ghag
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16,300
|Shubhangi Keni
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,205
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,095
|-
| rowspan="14" | S
!109
|Tanaji Wadi
|Suresh Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,520
|Rajshri Mandvilkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|4,685
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|5,835
|-
!110
|Bhandup Sonapur
|Asha Koparkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|9,179
|Jenny Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,322
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|857
|-
!111
|Datar Colony
|Deepak Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,206
|Sarika Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,352
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|4,854
|-
!112
|Punjabi Colony
|Sakshi Dalvi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,045
|Manju Jaiswal
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar}}
|5,793
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,252
|-
!113
|Milind Nagar
|Deepmala Badhe
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,310
|Rupesh Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,319
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,991
|-
!114
|Kranti Nagar
|Rajul Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,819
|Anisha Mazgaonkar
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|8,055
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,764
|-
!115
|Kokannagar
|Jyoti Rajbhoj
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|12,452
|Smita Parab
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,172
|style="background:{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}} ; color:white;"|3,280
|-
!116
|New Colony
|Jagruti Patil
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,038
|Shraddha Utekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,781
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,257
|-
!117
|Kanjur Village
|Shweta Pawaskar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|13,440
|Suvarna Karanje
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|11,117
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,323
|-
!118
|Kannamwar Nagar
|Sunita Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|16,199
|Tejasvi Gade
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,787
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|7,412
|-
!119
|Tagore Nagar
|Rajesh Sonawane
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,121
|Vishwajit Dholam
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|6,954
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,167
|-
!120
|Godrej Colony
|Vishwas Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,378
|Rajarajeshwari Redkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,242
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|4,136
|-
!121
|IIT Powai
|Priyadarshini Thackeray
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,547
|Pratima Khopade
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,533
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|14
|-
!122
|Hiranandani Garden
|Chandan Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,320
|Nilesh Salunkhe
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,554
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,766
|-
| rowspan="11" | N
!123
|Vikroli Park Site
|Sunil More
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,330
|Anil Nirmale
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,358
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,978
|-
!124
|Varsha Nagar
|Sakina Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,496
|Jyoti Khan
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,439
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|5,057
|-
!125
|Ramabai Colony
|Suresh Awale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|11,132
|Satish Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,563
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|569
|-
!126
|Jagdusha Nagar
|Archana Bhalerao
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,134
|Shilpa Bhosale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,263
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|871
|-
!127
|Ramnagar
|Swaroopa Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|15,478
|Alka Bhagat
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,824
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|7,654
|-
!128
|Burvenagar
|Saee Shirke
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|12,831
|Ashwini Hande
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|12,673
|style="background:{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}} ; color:white;"|158
|-
!129
|Chiraagnagar
|Ashwini Mate
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,815
|Vijaya Geete
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|6,793
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,022
|-
!130
|Kirol Village
|Dharmesh Giri
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,253
|Anand Kothavade
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,474
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,779
|-
!131
|Naidu Colony
|Rakhi Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21,346
|Vrushali Chavak
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,506
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,840
|-
!132
|Somaiya College, Garodia Nagar
|[[Ritu Tawde]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19,810
|Kranti Mohite
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|3,645
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16,165
|-
!133
|Kamraj Nagar
|Nirmiti Kanade
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|12,295
|Supriya Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi}}
|8,656
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|3,639
|-
| rowspan="15" | M–East
!134
|Kamala Nagar
|Mehjabin Khan
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|8,414
|Benazir Diwate
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,198
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;"|2,216
|-
!135
|Ramabainagar
|Navnath Ban
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,578
|Irshad Khan
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|3,520
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,058
|-
!136
|Shivajinagar Terminus
|Jameer Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|14,921
|Ruksana Siddiqui
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|4,978
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;"|9,943
|-
!137
|Shivajinagar
|Shameer Patel
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|9,436
|Ayesha Rafiq
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|4,868
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;"|4,568
|-
!138
|Metro Hospital
|Roshan Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|7,499
|Mehfuz Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|5,525
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;"|1,974
|-
!139
|Lotus Colony
| Shabana Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|9,940
|Zarina Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|4,158
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;"|5,782
|-
!140
|Tata Nagar
|Vijay Ubale
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|4,945
|Sonali Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|3,422
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;"|1,523
|-
!141
|Municipal Colony
|Vitthal Lokare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,483
|Shrutika More
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,061
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,422
|-
!142
|Lalubhai Compound
|Apeksha Khandekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,438
|Sunanda Dherange
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|4,362
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,076
|-
!143
|Maharashtra Nagar
|Shabana Qazi
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|5,264
|Shobha Jaybhaye
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|4,321
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;"|943
|-
!144
|Devnar Village
|Dinesh Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,844
|Nimish Bhosale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,175
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,669
|-
!145
|Chitta Camp
|Khairunnisa Hussain
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|7,653
|Deepak Phalod
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|5,558
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;"|2,095
|-
!146
|Anushakti Colony
|Samruddhi Kate
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|9,777
|Satish Rajguru
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi}}
|4,742
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|5,035
|-
!147
|RCF Colony
|Pragya Sadaphule
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,144
|Jayshri Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|4,508
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|636
|-
!148
|HP Nagar
|Anjali Naik
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,004
|Pramod Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|3,913
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,091
|-
| rowspan="7" | M–West
!149
|Chedanagar
|Susham Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,174
|Avinash Mayekar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|5,302
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|7,872
|-
!150
|BMC Colony
|Vaishali Shendkar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,859
|Savita Thorve
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|3,281
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5,578
|-
!151
|Thakkarappa Colony
|Kashish Fulwaria
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,606
|Vandana Sable
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|7,304
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,302
|-
!152
|Postal Colony
|Asha Marathe
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,491
|Sudhanshu Dunabale
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|6,881
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,610
|-
!153
|Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar
|Meenakshi Patankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|16,069
|Tanvi Kate
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|9,618
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|6,451
|-
!154
|Chembur Colony
|Mahadev Shivgan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,349
|Shekhar Chavan
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,885
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,464
|-
!155
|Mahul Village
|Snehal Shivkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,955
|Jyoti Waghmare
|{{Party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi}}
|9,165
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,790
|-
| rowspan="16" | L
!156
|Tunga Village
|Ashwini Matekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|13,533
|Savita Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,536
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|4,997
|-
!157
|Raheja Vihar
|Sarita Mhaske
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|14,749
|Asha Tayade
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,946
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,803
|-
!158
|Yadav Nagar
|Chitra Sangale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|13,286
|Akanksha Shetye
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,385
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|4,901
|-
!159
|Asalfa, Mohili
|Prakash More
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,521
|Pralhad Shetty
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,245
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|276
|-
!160
|Narayan Nagar
|Kiran Landge
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|11,316
|Rajendra Pakhare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,760
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|3,556
|-
!161
|Netaji Nagar
|Vijayendra Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,715
|Imran Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|5,015
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|2,700
|-
!162
|Disoja Nagar
|Amir Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,307
|Wajid Qureshi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,906
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|3,401
|-
!163
|Sakinaka
|Shaila Lande
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|10,007
|Sonu Jain
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,949
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|3,058
|-
!164
|Kamani, Navpada
|Harish Bhandirge
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,803
|Sainath Katke
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,601
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,202
|-
!165
|Christian Village
|Ashraf Azmi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|7,782
|Rupesh Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,227
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|555
|-
!166
|Kismat Nagar
|Meenal Turde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,435
|Rajan Khairnar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|4,480
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,955
|-
!167
|Buddha Colony
|Saman Azmi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,551
|Tabassum Rashid
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|7,670
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|3,881
|-
!168
|Kalpana Nagar
|Saeeda Khan
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|8,277
|Sudhir Khatu
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,508
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} ; color:black;"|769
|-
!169
|Nehru Nagar
|Pravina Morajkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,021
|Jay Kudalkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,051
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|970
|-
!170
|Avhrad Nagar
|Bushra Malik
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|9,252
|Anjali Divekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3,455
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} ; color:black;"|5,797
|-
!171
|Samarth Nagar
|Rani Yerunkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,927
|Saanvi Tandel
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,882
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,045
|-
| rowspan="10" | F–North
!172
|Sion Fort
|Rajashree Shirwadkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15,698
|Madhuri Bhise
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,754
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,944
|-
!173
|Somyya Hospital
|Shilpa Keluskar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,310
|Pranita Waghdhare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,628
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,682
|-
!174
|Wadal, RTO
|Sakshi Kanojia
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,523
|Padmavati Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|3,078
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,445
|-
!175
|Kokri Agar
|Manasi Satamkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,895
|Lalita Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,646
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|249
|-
!176
|GTB Nagar
|Rekha Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,138
|Harshada Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,195
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|943
|-
!177
|Punjabi Camp
|Kalpesha Kothari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,179
|Nehal Shah
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|2,971
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,208
|-
!178
|Parsi Colony
|Amey Ghole
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|15,911
|Bajrang Deshmukh
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|4,542
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|11,369
|-
!179
|Nadkarni Park
|Ayesha Bano
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,934
|Dipali Khedekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,431
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|503
|-
!180
|Dosti Arcade
|Trushna Vishwasrao
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,094
|Smita Gaonkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,421
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,673
|-
!181
|Korba Mithagar
|Anil Kadam
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,928
|Pushpa Koli
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,089
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|839
|-
| rowspan="11" | G–North
!182
|Mahim Koliwada
|[[Milind Vaidya]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|14,248
|Rajan Parkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4,394
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|9,854
|-
!183
|Dharavi Agar
|Asha Kale
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,441
|Vaishali Shewale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,187
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,254
|-
!184
|Lakshmi Baag
|Sajida Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,246
|Varsha Nakashe
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,071
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2,175
|-
!185
|Rajiv Gandhi Nagar
|T. M. Jagadish
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,860
|Ravi Raja
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,388
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,472
|-
!186
|Dharavi Village
|Archana Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,731
|Neela Sonawane
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,690
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,041
|-
!187
|Navrang Compound
|Joseph Koli
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|7,067
|Shaikh Vakeel
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,753
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,314
|-
!188
|RP Nagar
|Bhaskar Shetty
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|6,513
|Munawwar Ali
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|6,035
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|478
|-
!189
|Labour Camp
|Harshala More
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|8,081
|Mangala Gaikwad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3,602
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|4,479
|-
!190
|Navjivan Colony
|Sheetal Gambhir
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,468
|Vaishali Patankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,347
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|121
|-
!191
|Shivaji Park
|[[Vishakha Raut]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|13,236
|Priya Sarvankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|13,039
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|197
|-
!192
|Dadar (West)
|Yashwant Killedar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|14,253
|Priti Patankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|12,822
|style="background:{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}} ; color:white;"|1,431
|-
| rowspan="7" | G–South
!193
|Worli Village
|Hemangi Worlikar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,768
|Prahlad Worlikar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|9,837
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,931
|-
!194
|Prabhadevi
|Nishikant Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|15,592
|Samadhan Sarvankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|14,989
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|603
|-
!195
|Lower Parel (West)
|Vijay Bhanage
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|15,562
|Rajesh Kangane
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|10,007
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|5,555
|-
!196
|Worli Dairy
|Padmaja Chemburkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|13,169
|Sonali Sawant
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,834
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|6,335
|-
!197
|Mahalakshmi Racecourse
|Vanita Narvankar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,153
|Farheen Khan
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|3,815
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|3,338
|-
!198
|Mafatlal Mill
|Aboli Khadye
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|15,678
|Vandana Gawli
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|9,400
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|6,278
|-
!199
|Arthur Road Jail
|[[Kishori Pednekar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,786
|Rupal Kusale
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|11,097
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,689
|-
| rowspan="7" | F–South
!200
|Nayigav
|Urmila Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,232
|Sandeep Pansande
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9,014
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,218
|-
!201
|Spring Mill Compound
|Eram Siddiqui
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|6,314
|Supriya More
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,564
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;"|750
|-
!202
|Sewri (West)
|Shraddha Jadhav
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,112
|Parth Bawkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,982
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|3,130
|-
!203
|Railway Chawl
|Shraddha Pednekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|16,487
|Samidha Bhalekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|10,002
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|6,485
|-
!204
|KEM Hospital
|Kiran Tawde
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,797
|Anil Kokil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,766
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|2,031
|-
!205
|Kala Chowki
|Supriya Dalvi
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|16,148
|Varsha Shinde
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,231
|style="background:{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}} ; color:white;"|7,917
|-
!206
|Sewri
|Sachin Padwal
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|12,989
|Sanjay Ambole
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|5,226
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|7,763
|-
| rowspan="7" | E
!207
|Byculla
|Rohidas Lokhande
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,024
|Shalaka Haryan
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|6,724
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,300
|-
!208
|Jijamata Garden
|Ramakant Rahate
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|11,653
|Vijay Lipare
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,465
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|4,188
|-
!209
|Darukhana
|[[Yamini Jadhav]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|7,974
|Rafia Damudi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,484
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}} ; color:white;"|1,490
|-
!210
|Tadwadi
|Sonam Jamsutkar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|10,116
|Santosh Rane
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,365
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|1,751
|-
!211
|New Nagpada
|Waqar Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|13,505
|Ejaz Ahmed
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|9,203
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,302
|-
!212
|Agripada
|Amreen Abrahani
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|8,848
|Geeta Gawli
|{{Party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Sena}}
|6,823
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;"|2,025
|-
!213
|Kamathipura
|Nasima Juneja
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,162
|Asha Mamidi
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,137
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,025
|-
| rowspan="6" | D
!214
|Mahalakshmi Temple
|Ajit Patil
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13,847
|Mukesh Bhalerao
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|5,476
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,371
|-
!215
|Chikhal Wadi
|Santosh Dhale
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,924
|Kiran Balsaraf
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,113
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,811
|-
!216
|Dalal Estate
|Rajashree Bhatankar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,048
|Gauri Narvankar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,532
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|3,516
|-
!217
|Girgaum Chowpatty
|Gaurang Zaveri
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15,317
|Nilesh Shirdhankar
|{{Party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|5,440
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,877
|-
!218
|Opera House
|Snehal Tendulkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16,828
|Geeta Ahirekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,401
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|7,427
|-
!219
|Malabar Hill
|Sunny Sanap
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|14,764
|Rajendra Gaikwad
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|5,233
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,531
|-
| rowspan="3" | C
!220
|Nal Bazar
|Sampada Mayekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,936
|Dipali Malusare
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,748
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}} ; color:white;"|188
|-
!221
|Fanaswadi
|Akash Purohit
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,178
|Prithvi Jain
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|5,277
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|901
|-
!222
|Dhobi Talao
|Rita Makwana
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12,154
|Sampat Thakur
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|9,317
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,837
|-
| rowspan="2" | B
!223
|Princess Dock
|Dnyanraj Nikam
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,508
|Priya Patil
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|8,041
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|467
|-
!224
|Pydhonie
|Rukhsana Amin
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,105
|Rubina Teenwala
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|4,624
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|3,481
|-
| rowspan="3" | A
!225
|Colaba
|Harshita Narwekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|11,307
|Ajinkya Dhatrak
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|6,423
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,884
|-
!226
|Nariman Point
|Makarand Narwekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18,058
|Tejal Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|7,997
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,061
|-
!227
|Navy Nagar
|Gauravi Narwekar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,184
|Rehana Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|2,140
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,044
|}

==Mayor & Deputy Mayor Election==

The '''Mayor and Deputy Mayor selection''' for the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) in 2026 marked the end of the [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]]'s [[Shiv Sena|(erstwhile undivided Shiv Sena)]] 25-year dominance over the civic body, with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) getting the mayor’s post for the first time in over four decades.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjps-ritu-tawde-to-be-mumbai-mayor-shiv-senas-sanjay-shankar-ghadi-to-be-deputy-mayor-10963304
|title=BJP’s Ritu Tawde To Be Mumbai Mayor, Shiv Sena Loses Post After 25 Years
|website=NDTV
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-12
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mumbai-mayor-bjp-ritu-tawde-shiv-sena-deputy-sanjay-ghadi-maharashtra/article70603072.ece
|title=Mumbai mayor: BJP’s Ritu Tawde, Shiv Sena’s Sanjay Ghadi to take top civic posts
|website=The Hindu
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-12
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-ritu-tawde-named-mayahuti-candidate-for-mumbai-mayor-shiv-sena-sanjay-shankar-ghadi-for-deputy-mayor-bmc-news-101770442519372.html
|title=BJP’s Ritu Tawde named Mahayuti candidate for Mumbai mayor; Sanjay Shankar Ghadi for deputy mayor
|website=Hindustan Times
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-12
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-ritu-tawde-elected-unopposed-as-bmc-mumbai-mayor-shiv-sena-sanjay-ghadi-as-deputy-mayor-101770793746664.html
|title=BJP’s Ritu Tawde elected unopposed as BMC Mumbai mayor, Shiv Sena’s Sanjay Ghadi as deputy mayor
|website=Hindustan Times
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-12
}}</ref>

===Mayor===
* '''[[Ritu Tawde]]''' ('''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''), corporator from Ward 132, was selected as the mayoral candidate of the ruling [[Maha Yuti|Mahayuti alliance]].
* She was elected '''unopposed''', after the [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]] decided not to field a challenger.
* The mayor’s post was reserved for a '''woman candidate''' from the open category through a lottery system.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/mumbais-woman-mayorship-lottery-system-and-controversy-explained/article70538781.ece
|title=Mumbai’s woman mayorship: Lottery system and controversy explained
|website=The Hindu
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-12
}}</ref>

===Deputy Mayor===
* '''Sanjay Shankar Ghadi''' ('''[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena – Shinde faction]]'''), corporator from Ward 5, was chosen as the deputy mayoral candidate.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/sanjay-shankar-ghadi-from-shinde-critic-to-deputy-mayor-for-sena-10520176/
|title=Sanjay Shankar Ghadi: From Shinde critic to deputy mayor for Sena
|website=The Indian Express
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-12
}}</ref>

* Ghadi will serve as Deputy Mayor for '''15 months''', with the [[Shiv Sena]] planning to rotate the post among its corporators.

* The [[Maha Yuti|BJP-led Mahayuti alliance]] secured a combined strength of '''118 corporators''', crossing the halfway mark of '''114'''.

===Election Schedule===
* The Mumbai mayoral election was scheduled for '''11 February 2026''', the last date for withdrawal of nominations.

===Significance===
* [[Ritu Tawde]]’s election makes her the '''first [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] [[List of mayors of Mumbai|Mayor of Mumbai]] in 44 years'''.
* The outcome ended the [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (UBT)’s]] [[Shiv Sena|(erstwhile undivided Shiv Sena)]] uninterrupted control of the [[List of mayors of Mumbai|mayor’s post]] since 1997.

== See also ==
* [[2026 elections in India]]
* [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://mahasec.maharashtra.gov.in/Home/Index State Election Commission Maharashtra Official Website]
{{Maharashtra municipal corporation elections}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
[[Category:Municipal corporation elections in Maharashtra|Mumbai]]
[[Category:2026 elections in India|B]]

Subodh Deb Barma

2026-04-23T08:48:06Z

Animesh: new a page

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| name = Subodh Deb Barma
| term_start = 4 March 2023
| native_name = Khatung
| constituency = [[Charilam Assembly constituency|Charilam]]
| education = M.A. [[Philosophy]]
| alma_mater = [[North Eastern Hill University]]
| party = [[Tipra Motha Party]]
| preceded = [[Jishnu Dev Varma]]
| image = Subodh Debbarma.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|June|1|df=y}}
}}
'''Subodh Deb Barma''' (born 1 June 1971), is an Indian Tiprasa legislator who is a member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Charilam Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-03 |title=Tipra Motha: Regional party to reckon with |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/tripura/tipra-motha-regional-party-to-reckon-with/articleshow/98388281.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-15 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Charilam Election Result 2023 LIVE: Charilam MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/charilam-assembly-elections-tr-19/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Khatung joined TIPRA Motha in 2021. He contested the 2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly Election for the Charilam constituency. He defeated the sitting Deputy Chief Minister [[Jishnu Dev Varma]] by over 800 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-02 |title=Deputy CM Jishnu Deb Varma's loss setback to victorious BJP in Tripura |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tripura-assembly/deputy-cm-jishnu-deb-varmas-loss-setback-to-victorious-bjp-in-tripura/article66572864.ece |access-date=2023-05-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:People from Sipahijala district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Tipra Motha Party politicians]]

{{Tripura-politician-stub}}

Pushyamitra Bhargav

2026-04-20T08:50:36Z

Animesh: done

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pushyamitra
| image =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Indore district|Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| predecessor2 = [[Malini Gaur]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| profession = [[Politician]], [[Lawyer]]
| education = [[Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya]]
| children =
| spouse =
| office2 = [[Indore|Mayor of Indore]]
| term_end2 =
| succeeded2 =
| term_start2 = 2022
| term_start1 = 2020
| term_end1 = 2022
| office1 = Additional Advocate General of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
| predecessor1 =
| footnotes =
| constituency1 =
}}

'''Pushyamitra Bhargav''' is an Indian politician, lawyer and social activist from [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2022 |title=Know how is Pushyamitra Bhargav new Indore Mayor |url=https://www.bhaskar.com |archive-url=https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/local/mp/indore/news/venkaiah-naidu-came-in-moghes-oath-pushyamitra-was-the-youngest-mayor-ever-130149596.html&ved=2ahUKEwjanbeEiaGFAxVNn68BHaJCDyY4ChAWegQIDhAB&usg=AOvVaw3GGMnJRfV43nVyJWxbLp3f |archive-date=1 April 2024 |work=Bhaskar Hindi |pages=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2024 |title=Indore is committed to becoming a Solar City: Mayor Pushyamitra Bhargav |url=https://urbanupdate.in/indore-is-committed-to-becoming-a-solar-city-mayor-pushyamitra-bhargav/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=Urban Update |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2023 |title=Madhya Pradesh Election 2023 Archives - MP News in Hindi, मध्य प्रदेश समाचार, Latest MP Hindi News, मध्य प्रदेश न्यूज़ - MP Breaking News |url=https://mpbreakingnews.in/tag/madhya-pradesh-election-2023 |access-date=1 April 2024 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indore Municipal Election 2022 Live: इंदौर में बीजेपी को सबसे बड़ी जीत, 1,33,992 वोट से हारी कांग्रेस |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp/live-updates/indore-municipal-election-2022-results-bjp-pushyamitra-bhargava-victory-fastest-accurate-results-on-zee-mpdt/1261493 |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.naidunia.com/lite/madhya-pradesh/indore-bjp-national-convention-2024-indore-mayor-pushyamitra-bhargava-suggested-amendments-on-amit-shah-proposal-know-what-he-said-8280085 |title=BJP National Convention 2024: इंदौर महापौर पुष्यमित्र भार्गव ने सुझाए अमित शाह के प्रस्ताव पर संशोधन, जानें क्‍या कहा |website=www.naidunia.com |date=18 February 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कौन हैं इंदौर महापौर पद के भाजपा प्रत्याशी पुष्यमित्र भार्गव? |url=https://m-hindi.webdunia.com/indore/who-is-pushyamitra-bhargava-bjp-candidate-for-indore-mayor-122061400102_1.html?amp=1&usg=AOvVaw1aJ0hNaKSChfuDOK2BEtEs&ved=2ahUKEwi68KrIj6GFAxWUU_UHHY0yBHM4FBAWegQICxAB |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=m-hindi.webdunia.com}}</ref> He is currently serving as the 24th Mayor of Indore following a successful run against [[Sanjay Shukla]] during the [[2022 Indore mayoral election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-13 |title=Meet the Indore mayor who called for Ram Temple replicas in every shop – with a warning |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indore-mayor-ram-temple-replicas-shop-warning-9107530/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240114133125/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indore-mayor-ram-temple-replicas-shop-warning-9107530/ |archive-date=14 January 2024 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-18 |title=Indore Mayor Election results 2022 |url=https://www.naidunia.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.naidunia.com/lite/madhya-pradesh/indore-indore-mayor-election-result-2022-indore-city-elected-bjp-candidate-pushyamitra-bhargava-as-mayor-7681708&ved=2ahUKEwioz9PRuKuFAxWLm68BHWjdA-EQFnoECA8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw1P8OvWB-5302U-ywY8Ys5l |archive-date=18 July 2022 |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=www.naidunia.com}}</ref>

He has also served as the youngest Additional [[Advocate general|Advocate General]] of the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 April 2024 |title=The High Court of Madhya Pradesh bench at Indore writ petition |url=https://mphc.gov.in/upload/indore/MPHCIND/2022/WP/4163/WP_4163_2022_FinalOrder_22-Feb-2022.pdf |journal=High Court of Madhya Pradesh |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=BJP Fields Additional Advocate General Pradesh Pushyamitra Bhargava For Indore Mayor's Post |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/bjp-fields-additional-advocate-general-pradesh-pushyamitra-bhargava-for-indore-mayor-s-post-news-202501 |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref> As mayor, he requested that shops in Indore display replicas of the [[Ram Temple, Ayodhya|Ram Temple]] in [[Ayodhya]] and warned that residents “know how to respond to those who fail to cooperate”.<ref name=":0" />

Pushyamitra Bhargav is regarded as one of the youngest mayors of Indore in the contemporary era, having assumed office at the age of 40 following his election as Mayor of Indore Municipal Corporation in 2022.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite web |date=2022 |title=Indore gets new mayor Pushyamitra Bhargav |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor profile – Indore Municipal Corporation |url=https://www.imcindore.mp.gov.in |publisher=Indore Municipal Corporation}}</ref>

Pushyamitra Bhargav is regarded as one of the youngest mayors of Indore in the modern period, having assumed office at the age of 40 after being elected Mayor of the Indore Municipal Corporation in 2022.<ref name="The Times of India"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Profile |url=https://www.imcindore.mp.gov.in |publisher=Indore Municipal Corporation}}</ref>

In the city’s political history, a notable earlier example is [[Narayan Prasad Shukla]], who became Mayor of Indore at the age of 27 in the mid-1960s, making him one of the youngest mayors in the history of the Indore Municipal Corporation. Shukla later served as a Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, Deputy Speaker of the Assembly, and Minister of State, and was actively associated with major civic and developmental movements in Indore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Narayan Prasad Shukla – Biography |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayan_Prasad_Shukla |publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2014 |title=Veteran Congress leader Narayan Prasad Shukla passes away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhargav, Pushyamitra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:People from Indore]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Mannina Maga

2026-04-19T20:40:51Z

Animesh: Adding Some Info More To Come

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mannina Maga.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Geethapriya]]
| producer = {{ubl|M. V. Venkatachalam|Alexander}}
| writer = Geethapriya
| screenplay = Geethapriya
| narrator =
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]|[[Kalpana (Kannada actress)|Kalpana]]}}
| music = [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
| cinematography = V. Manohar
| editing = Bal G. Yadav
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1968}}
| runtime = 114 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mannina Maga''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಮಣ್ಣಿನ ಮಗ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|Son of the soil}}) is a 1968 Indian [[Kannada]]-language drama film directed by [[Geethapriya]] marking his debut as a solo in film-direction. The film stars [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Kalpana (Kannada actress)|Kalpana]] and [[Jayakumari]].<ref>[http://www.nthwall.com/ka/crew/Mannina-Maga-1968-cast-and-crew/9219801749 Cast and crew] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408214030/http://www.nthwall.com/ka/crew/Mannina-Maga-1968-cast-and-crew/9219801749 |date=8 April 2014 }}</ref> Produced by Sudarshan Movies banner and written by Geethapriya, the film received rave reviews and went on to win [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada]]<ref name="National Awards Winners 1968: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1968">{{cite news|last1=Times of India|first1=Entertainment|title=National Awards Winners 1968: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1968|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1968/108|accessdate=11 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511142357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/2005/108|archivedate=11 May 2021}}</ref> and ran for more than 100 days in cinema halls.

[[Bangalore Mirror]] had reported that the attitude of the heroine of rejecting the city for a village life was rare, an affirmation of the possibility or, the difficulty, of sustaining community life in a city is more common.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/views/bangalore-in-kannada-films/articleshow/72115209.cms|title = Bangalore in Kannada films}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Raja
* [[Kalpana (Kannada actress)|Kalpana]] as Mallika
* [[M. P. Shankar]] as Byranna
* [[Jayakumari]]
* H. R. Shastry
* [[Dikki Madhava Rao]]
* Vijayaprasad
* Ashwath Narayana
* [[B. Jaya (actress)|B. Jaya]]
* Shanthamma
* [[Jayachitra]]

==Production==
Geetapriya finalised the script for his first directorial venture ''Mannina Maga''. A house in Sadashivnagar was used for shooting. The film was also shot in a village Bijjawara and had booked accommodation in the Nandi Hills.<ref name = hi>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/voice-embraces-silence-but-the-song-lives-on/article5896146.ece| title = Voice embraces silence, but the song lives on - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 11 April 2014| last1 = Ganesh| first1 = Deepa}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mannina Maga
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 1968
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:24
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The film's soundtrack tuned by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]] found immense popularity with "Bhagavanta Kaikotta" and "Idena Sabhyate" songs reaching the cult status with philosophical lyrics by [[Geethapriya]].<ref name = hi/><ref name = gp>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/End-of-a-poetic-era-in-Kannada-films/article14004350.ece| title = End of a poetic era in Kannada films - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 18 January 2016| last1 = Khajane| first1 = Muralidhara}}</ref> The album has five soundtracks.<ref>{{cite web |title= Mannina Maga (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |url= https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/mannina-maga-original-motion/id901050496 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140916162349/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/mannina-maga-original-motion/id901050496 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 16 September 2014 |publisher= iTunes |access-date= 22 August 2014}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 16:24
| title1 = Idhenu Sabhyathe
| lyrics1 = [[Geethapriya]]
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 3:09
| title2 = Mellage Nadeyole
| lyrics2 = Geethapriya
| extra2 = P. Susheela
| length2 = 3:28
| title3 = Alutghihudhu Maanava
| lyrics3 = Geethapriya
| extra3 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
| length3 = 3:16
| title4 = Bhagavantha Kaikotta
| lyrics4 = Geethapriya
| extra4 = P. B. Sreenivas
| length4 = 3:10
| title5 = Bareyada Kaigalu
| lyrics5 = Geethapriya
| extra5 = [[S. Janaki]]
| length5 = 3:21
}}

==Release==
The film ran for more than 100 days in Bangalore's Kapali and Bharath theatres.<ref name = hi/><ref name = gp/> It was Kapali theatre's opening film.

==Awards==
* 1968 – [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay]] – [[Geethapriya]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/moviedetail.asp?mid=k0001038 Mannina Maga at Raaga]

{{Geethapriya}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Kannada}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mannina Maga}}
[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijaya Bhaskar]]
[[Category:Best Kannada Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1968 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1968 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Geethapriya]]

Israna Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:40:11Z

Animesh: new

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Israna Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
| map_image = Israna Assembly constituency map.svg
|state = [[Haryana]]
|established = 2009
|abolished =
| district = [[Panipat district|Panipat]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sonipat Lok Sabha constituency|Sonipat]]
| reservation = SC
| constituency_no = 26
|mla = [[Krishan Lal Panwar]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bhartiya Janata Party }}
| latest_election_year = [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 1,83,775
}}
'''Israna''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Haryana]] state in [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}</ref>

It is part of [[Panipat district|Panipat]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. As of 2019, its representative is [[Krishan Lal Panwar]] of the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] party.<ref name=results2019/>{{update after|2025|1}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israna Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/israna.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
!colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Till 2009: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|rowspan=2|[[Krishan Lal Panwar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Balbir Singh (Haryana politician)|Balbir Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Krishan Lal Panwar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin||title=[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Israna<ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Israna">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Israna |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0726.htm |accessdate=29 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Lal Panwar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=67,538 |percentage=52.09% |change={{increase}}19.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh (Haryana politician)|Balbir Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,643 |percentage=41.37% |change={{decrease}}6.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Saroha |party=Independent politician |votes=4,283 |percentage=3.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyawan Shera |party=Independent politician |votes=1,652 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surajbhan |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,007 |percentage=0.78% |change={{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amit Kumar |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=825 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=287 |percentage=0.22% |change={{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,895 |percentage=10.72% |change= {{decrease}}5.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,29,654 |percentage=70.62% |change= {{decrease}}2.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,83,775 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.88 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Israna<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh (Haryana politician)|Balbir Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=61,376 |percentage=48.21% |change={{increase}}17.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Lal Panwar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=41,361 |percentage=32.49% |change={{decrease}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dayanand Urlana |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=17,735 |percentage=13.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Usha Atkan |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=2,697 |percentage=2.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunita Sabharwal (Joshi) |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,725 |percentage=1.35% |change={{decrease}}2.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravi Kalsan Bandh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,155 |percentage=0.91% |change={{decrease}}29.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=551 |percentage=0.43% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,015 |percentage=15.72% |change= {{increase}}14.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,27,311 |percentage=72.69% |change= {{decrease}}4.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,75,134 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}15.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Israna<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Lal Panwar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=40,277 |percentage=32.58% |change={{increase}}31.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh (Haryana politician)|Balbir Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,449 |percentage=31.10% |change={{decrease}}12.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan Balmiki |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=37,615 |percentage=30.42% |change={{decrease}}15.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Saroha |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,495 |percentage=3.64% |change={{decrease}}1.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kirshan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=926 |percentage=0.75% |change={{decrease}}0.35 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,828 |percentage=1.48% |change= {{decrease}}0.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,23,641 |percentage=76.97% |change= {{increase}}3.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,60,638 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}13.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Israna<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3826-haryana-2009/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2009 |date=21 January 2020 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 April 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Lal Panwar]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=43,905 |percentage=46.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh (Haryana politician)|Balbir Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=41,725 |percentage=43.97% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,102 |percentage=5.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satpal S/O Bhagtu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,065 |percentage=1.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Lal Lohari |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,042 |percentage=1.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Saroha |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=1,007 |percentage=1.06% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,180 |percentage=2.30% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,893 |percentage=73.62% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,28,894 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Panipat district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}
{{coord|29.28|76.85|display=title}}

[[Category:Panipat district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

List of people associated with Mayiladuthurai district

2026-04-14T07:11:25Z

Animesh: Adding A Place First Draft

{{Short description|none}}
The following people were born or based their life in the [[Mayiladuthurai district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

{{Dynamic list|multiple=yes}}

== Academics ==

* [[M. S. Udayamurthy]] – A [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] writer and social activist.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-21 |title=Tamil writer M.S. Udayamurthy passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-writer-ms-udayamurthy-passes-away/article4328879.ece |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[K. S. Venkataramani]] - An Indian [[novelist]] and short-story writer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benson |first=Eugene |url=https://books.google.com.qa/books?id=nGfMAgAAQBAJ&dq=Murugan+the+Tiller+and+Kandan+The+Patriot&pg=PA1607&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Murugan%20the%20Tiller%20and%20Kandan%20The%20Patriot&f=false |title=Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English |last2=Conolly |first2=L. W. |date=2004-11-30 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-46848-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[S. R. Ranganathan|S.R. Renganathan]] – An Indian [[librarian]] and mathematician. He is considered to be the father of [[Library and information science|library science]], [[documentation]], and [[information science]] in India.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Islam |first=Md Nurul |date=2015-06-10 |title=S. R. Ranganathan:Library and Documentation Scientist |url=https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/CURS/article/view/87419 |journal=Current Science |language=en |volume=108 |issue=11 |pages=2110–2111 |doi=10.18520/cs/v108/i11/2110-2111 |doi-broken-date=18 August 2025 |issn=0011-3891}}</ref>
* [[Sa. Kandasamy]] – A [[novelist]] and documentary film-maker.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Kartik Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&q=Sa.+Kandasamy+b.+23.7.1940&pg=PA561 |title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M |date=1999 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0873-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-31 |title=Sa Kandasamy, Tamil writer and documentary filmmaker, dies in Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sa-kandasamy-tamil-writer-and-documentary-filmmaker-dies-in-chennai/articleshow/77277465.cms |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[T. R. Venkatarama Sastri]] – An Indian lawyer and politician who served as the Advocate-General for [[Madras Presidency]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nx8LAQAAIAAJ&q=venkatarama+sastri+advocate |title=The Congress in Tamilnad: Nationalist Politics in South India, 1919-1937 |date=1977 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-0-88386-958-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=vdt12 |title=The Hindu : dated July 3, 1953: Eminent lawyer's demise |url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/07/03/stories/2003070300790900.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041122185410/http://www.hindu.com/2003/07/03/stories/2003070300790900.htm |archive-date=2004-11-22 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.hindu.com}}</ref>
* [[Raghavan Seetharaman]] – former CEO of Doha Bank, [[Qatar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Aug 2025 |title=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-27/doha-bank-ceo-seetharaman-resigns-after-15-years-in-role |access-date=16 Aug 2025 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref>

== Film artists and musicians ==

* [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] – An Indian actor and [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] singer. Critics and film historians acknowledge Bhagavathar as the "First superstar of [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madras Musings - We care for Madras that is Chennai |url=https://archive.madrasmusings.com/Vol%2019%20No%2022/a-legend-in-his-lifetime.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427112249/https://archive.madrasmusings.com/Vol%2019%20No%2022/a-legend-in-his-lifetime.html |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=archive.madrasmusings.com}}</ref>
* [[Padma Shri]] [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] – A [[Carnatic Music|Carnatic vocalist]] and a playback singer of Indian cinema, predominantly in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive.ph |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/06/29/stories/0929070h.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123091408/https://archive.ph/20150118221630/http:/www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/06/29/stories/0929070h.htm |archive-date=2022-01-23 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=archive.ph |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sirakazhi Govindrajam: The Man Who Sang For God |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sirakazhi-govindrajam-the-man-who-sang-for-god-4909196.html |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[S. S. Mani Bhagavathar]] - An Indian Carnatic music singer, cine actor and a [[playback singer]] in [[Tamil language]] films.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Blast from the past: Kannika 1947|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Blast-from-the-past-Kannika-1947/article14944598.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204023222/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Blast-from-the-past-Kannika-1947/article14944598.ece|archive-date=2017-02-04|language=en|first=Randor|last=Guy}}</ref>
* [[T. N. Rajarathnam Pillai|Nadaswaram Vidwan T.N. Rajarathinam]] – An Indian [[Carnatic music|Carnatic musician]], [[Nagaswaram|nadaswaram]] ''maestro'', vocalist and film actor. He was popularly known as "Nadaswara Chakravarthi" (literally, the Emperor of Nadaswaram).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hindu : Friday Review Chennai / Columns : The Emperor passes |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/12/07/stories/2007120751320600.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208132554/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/12/07/stories/2007120751320600.htm |archive-date=2007-12-08 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.hindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC |title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils |date=2007-05-22 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |isbn=978-0-8108-6445-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-09-20 |title=Kalamegham 1940 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Kumari Kamala]] - an Indian dancer and actress, appeared in almost 100 [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=thmmn |title=The Hindu : She danced her way to stardom |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/01/07/stories/2002010700100200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020324173526/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/01/07/stories/2002010700100200.htm |archive-date=2002-03-24 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=hindu.com}}</ref>
* [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]] – An Indian [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] singer and also a Tamil film actor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hindu : GNB, the good friend |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301640700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606133814/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301640700.htm |archive-date=2011-06-06 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.hinduonnet.com}}</ref>
* [[S. Kalyanaraman]] – A vocalist in the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] tradition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801000000*/https://www.chennaiyilthiruvaiyaru.com/tanjore-s-kalyanaraman |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
* [[T. Rajendar]] – An Indian actor, film director, film producer, musician, cinematographer, film distributor and politician.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anantharam |first=Chitradeepa |date=2017-03-27 |title=I am the pioneer of kuthu: T Rajendherr |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-am-the-pioneer-of-kuthu-t-rajendar-or-tr/article17676587.ece |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[P. Krishnamoorthy]] – An [[Indian cinema|Indian film]] art director, production designer and costume designer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2020-12-14 |title=National Award winning art director P Krishnamoorthy passes away at 77 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/national-award-winning-art-director-p-krishnamoorthy-passes-away-77-139564 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
* [[S. R. D. Vaidyanathan]] – An Indian musician who played the [[Nadaswaram]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-11-18 |title=Nagaswaram exponent dies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[R. D. Rajasekhar]] – an Indian [[Cinematography|cinematographer]] who predominantly works in films of Indian languages such as Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, and Hindi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=Digital |date=2020-08-29 |title=Cinematographer RD Rajasekhar roped in for Muttiah Muralitharan biopic |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/cinematographer-rd-rajasekhar-roped-muttiah-muralitharan-biopic-131882 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
* [[T. V. Sankaranarayanan]] - A [[Carnatic Music|Carnatic vocalist]] and a South Indian classical playback singer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramakrishnan |first=H. |date=2021-12-30 |title=T.V. Sankaranarayan: As zestful as always |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/tv-sankaranarayan-as-zestful-as-always/article38071370.ece |access-date=2026-04-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
== Religious and spiritual poets ==

* [[Sambandar]] - a [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] poet-saint of [[Tamil Nadu]] who lived in the 7th century CE. He is revered as one of the [[Nalvar]] (''"group of four"'' in Tamil), a set of four foremost Nayanars Tamil saints alongside [[Appar]], [[Sambandar]]<nowiki/>m and [[Manikkavasagar|Manikkavacakar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Rajeev |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7eo6vsvkEkC&dq=nalvar+appar+sundarar&pg=PA153 |title=Faith & Philosophy of Hinduism |date=2009 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-718-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Iyarpagai Nayanar]] - a [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] saint and counted as the third in the list of 63 Nayanars.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=S. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA150 |title=A Social History of India |date=2000 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Thirumangai Alvar]] - the last of the 12 [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints of south [[India]], who are known for their affiliation with the [[Vaishnava]] tradition of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aiyangar |first=Sakkottai Krishnaswami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htArUg0OMpcC |title=Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India |date=2004 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1850-3 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]] – A poet and the author of [[Ramayana]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] Language known as ''[[Kambaramayanam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kampan {{!}} Tamil Poet, Epic Writer, Bhakti Movement {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kampan |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2020-01-22 |title=Kambar ( Kavi Chakravarthy )- Profile and Life History of a Tamil Poet. |url=https://aptinfo.in/profile-and-life-history-of-kambar/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Aptinfo.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Manakanchara Nayanar]] – a [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] saint, counted as the twelfth in the list of 63 Nayanars.<ref>{{cite web |title=கலைக்களஞ்சியம் (தொகுதி 8) |url=https://tamildigitallibrary.in/Articles/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-6494-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%20%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81#book/286 |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Tamil Digital Library |publisher=Tamil Virtual Academy |page=266 |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Abhirami Pattar]] - A Hindu saint, famed as the author of a collection of hymns called ''[[Abhirami Anthadhi]].'' <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y750cWcGdAoC |title=Abirami Anthadhi |publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Muthu Thandavar]] - A composer of [[Carnatic music]]. He composed several ''kritis'' and ''padams'', short songs mainly sung accompanying [[Bharatanatyam]] performances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muthutandavar : A Landmark Composer |url=http://www.chembur.com/carnatic/page06.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707213340/http://www.chembur.com/carnatic/page06.html |archive-date=2006-07-07 |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=www.chembur.com}}</ref>
* [[Arunachala Kavi]] - A [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poet and a composer of [[Carnatic music]]. He composed the opera [[Rama Natakam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil Music |url=http://www.carnatica.net/tmusic.htm |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=www.carnatica.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=V |first=Sriram |date=2019-04-11 |title=The making of Rama Natakam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-making-of-rama-natakam/article26805079.ece |access-date=2025-11-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Marimutha Pillai]] - A composer of [[Carnatic music]] and was a contemporary of Arunachala Kavi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Carpet Carnatic Composers: Marimutha Pillai |url=https://www.karnatik.com/co1069.shtml |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=www.karnatik.com}}</ref>
* [[Samuel Vedanayagam Pillai|Mayuram Vedhanaygam Pillai]] – An Indian civil servant, Tamil poet, novelist and social worker who is remembered for the authorship of ''[[Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram]]'' (1879), recognized as the "first modern Tamil novel"<ref>{{Cite news |title=Here rests a literary pioneer! |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/here-rests-a-literary-pioneer/article5732475.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427124949/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/here-rests-a-literary-pioneer/article5732475.ece |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Madras Miscellany: The confusing Vedanayagams of Tanjore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/confusingvedanayagams/article21831136.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427123022/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/confusingvedanayagams/article21831136.ece |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kundrakudi Adigal]] - a [[Saivism|Saivite ascetic]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] orator, and writer, has written many books about Saivism and Tamil Literature.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thfcms.tamilheritage.org/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=thfcms.tamilheritage.org}}</ref>
* [[Kalki Krishnamurthy|Kalki Krishnamoorthy]] – An Indian writer, journalist, poet, critic and Indian independence activist. Historical novels such as [[Ponniyin Selvan]], [[Sivagamiyin Sapatham|Sivagamiyin Sabatham]] written by Kalki apart from this his writings include over 120 short stories, 10 novellas, 5 novels, 3 historical romances, editorial and political writings and hundreds of film and music reviews.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kalki Krishnamurthy: His Life and Times — more than just a biography |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/kalki-krishnamurthy-his-life-and-times-more-than-just-a-biography/article65296015.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429064402/https://www.thehindu.com/books/kalki-krishnamurthy-his-life-and-times-more-than-just-a-biography/article65296015.ece |archive-date=2022-04-29 |access-date=2025-08-17 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=admin |date=2020-01-22 |title=Kalki - Profile and Life career of Indian writer - Tamilnadu. |url=https://aptinfo.in/profile-and-life-history-of-kalki-krishnamurthy/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=Aptinfo.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview - Books & Hobbies - www.chennaibest.com |url=http://chennaibest.com/cityresources/Books_and_Hobbies/kalki.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414005117/http://chennaibest.com/cityresources/Books_and_Hobbies/kalki.asp |archive-date=2013-04-14 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=chennaibest.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=பொன்னியின் செல்வன் புகழ்விழா தில்லி 21.12.2007 {{!}} MDMK |url=http://mdmk.org.in/article/mar09/ponniyin-selvan-delhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305151827/http://mdmk.org.in/article/mar09/ponniyin-selvan-delhi |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=mdmk.org.in |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kavignar Meenavan]] - A Tamil poet, writer, activist, popular scholar and has written lot of poetry and research articles in [[Tamil language]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=கவிஞர் மீனவன் மறைந்தார் |url=http://nakkheeran.in/Users/frmNews.aspx?PVN=82178 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015145438/http://nakkheeran.in/Users/frmNews.aspx?PVN=82178 |archive-date=2012-10-15 |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=nakkheeran.in}}</ref>

== Science ==

* [[S. Srinivasan]] - An Indian aeronautical engineer and the Director of the [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]], known for his work in rocket science. He also served as the director of [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] and assisted [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] in the [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV3 Mission]] as its deputy director.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pioneer of Indian rocketry |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1619/16191120.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920210855/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1619/16191120.htm |archive-date=2013-09-20 |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=www.frontline.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Koornneef |first1=Floor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1-6qCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA273 |title=Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 19th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2000, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, October 24-27, 2000 Proceedings |last2=Meulen |first2=Meine van der |date=2003-06-29 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-40891-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre |date=2025-11-16 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vikram_Sarabhai_Space_Centre&oldid=1322511718 |access-date=2025-12-03 |language=en}}</ref>

== Sports ==

* [[Viswanathan Anand]] – An Indian [[chess grandmaster]]. Anand is a five-time [[World Chess Championship|World Chess Champion]], a two-time [[World Rapid Chess Championship|World Rapid Chess Champion]], a two-time [[Chess World Cup|Chess World Cup Champion]], a [[World Blitz Chess Championship#2000 World Blitz Chess Cup|World Blitz Chess Cup Champion]] and six-time [[Chess Oscar]] Winner. He became the first grandmaster from India in 1988, and he has the [[List of chess players by peak FIDE rating|eighth-highest peak FIDE rating of all time]]. He has been awarded with [[Padma Vibhushan]] – Second highest civilian award awarded by [[Government of India]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title='I start off playing for India. And that's it.Beyond that, the game just takes over' |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=38320&pn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514174615/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=38320&pn |archive-date=2011-05-14 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The chess games of Viswanathan Anand |url=https://www.chessgames.com/player/viswanathan_anand.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227150510/https://www.chessgames.com/player/viswanathan_anand.html |archive-date=2019-12-27 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.chessgames.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-15 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=mha.nic.in}}</ref>

== Participants in anti-Hindi agitations in Tamil Nadu ==

* [[Mayiladuthurai Sarangapani]] - was a student and participant in the anti-Hindi agitations who died by [[self-immolation]] during the [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu|anti-Hindi agitations in 1965]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Self-immolation in Tamil Nadu against Hindi imposition in Tamilnadu |url=http://www.tamiltribune.com/04/0101-anti-hindi-self-immolations.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001014154/http://www.tamiltribune.com/04/0101-anti-hindi-self-immolations.html |archive-date=2010-10-01 |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=www.tamiltribune.com}}</ref>

== Political leaders ==

* [[Thillaiaadi Valliammai|Thillaiyadi Valliammai]] – A South African [[Tamil people|Tamil]] girl who worked with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in her early years when she developed her nonviolent methods in [[South Africa]] fighting its [[apartheid]] regime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA384 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils |date=2017-08-25 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |isbn=978-1-5381-0686-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hindu : Metro Plus Chennai / Madras Miscellany : Gandhi and the Tamils |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/08/31/stories/2009083150120200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917173949/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/08/31/stories/2009083150120200.htm |archive-date=2009-09-17 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.hindu.com}}</ref>
* [[R. K. Bharathi Mohan]] – An Indian politician and former [[Parliament of India|Member of Parliament]] elected from the from [[Mayiladuthurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayiladuthurai constituency.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Aug 2025 |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/EBooks/ge_2024_results_ebook/mobile/index.html#p=42 |access-date=16 Aug 2025 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
* [[P. Govindasamy Pillai]] – A revered successful South Indian businessman and philanthropist in [[Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NewspaperSG |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19890310.2.72.6.8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427112216/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19890310.2.72.6.8 |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NewspaperSG |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19800722-1.2.51 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506055325/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19800722-1.2.51 |archive-date=2025-05-06 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[P. V. Rajendran]] – An Indian politician and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Tamil Nadu 1989 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1989/tamil-nadu/81/www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1989/tamil-nadu/81/40 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=IndiaVotes }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
* [[Kudanthai N. Ramalingam]] – An Indian politician and former [[Parliament of India|Member of Parliament]] elected from [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=reFocus india - Member of Parliament - Lok Sabha - Profile - Kudanthai Ramalingam N., Shri |url=http://www.refocusindia.com/member-of-parliament-lok-sabha-profile-1565-Kudanthai%C2%A0Ramalingam%C2%A0N.,%20Shri |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114100648/http://www.refocusindia.com/member-of-parliament-lok-sabha-profile-1565-Kudanthai%C2%A0Ramalingam%C2%A0N.,%20Shri |archive-date=2015-01-14 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.refocusindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[S. Ramanathan (politician)|S. Ramanathan]] – An Indian politician who served as the minister of [[Madras Presidency]] in the Congress-led government of 1937.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1OCfDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1883 |title=The Congress in Tamilnad: Nationalist Politics in South India, 1919-1937 |date=2017-04-07 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-29419-3 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[K. R. Sambandam]] – An Indian politician and former [[Parliament of India|Member of Parliament]] elected from the from [[Nagapattinam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loksabha members : Sambandam , Shri K.R. - Data is Info: Data is more useful if it is made available in a better format. |url=https://www.datais.info/loksabha/members/Sambandam+,+Shri+K.R./b00c3b49ba8f0e7e8034aef2b30b8fbb/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Data is Info |language=en}}</ref>
* [[N. Kittappa]] - An Indian politician and former Member of [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] from [[Mayuram (State Assembly Constituency)|Mayuram constituency]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Government of India |url=http://archive.org/details/whoiswho_1967 |title=Who is Who 1967 |date=1967-04-25}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of people from Tamil Nadu]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Lists of people from Tamil Nadu]]

Kanth Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:48:50Z

Animesh: new

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kanth
| constituency_no = 25
| map_image = 25-Kanth.svg
| mla = [[Kamal Akhtar]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 388404 (2022)
| type= SLA
}}

'''Kanth Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Moradabad district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Moradabad Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the delimitation order (DPACO - 1956) was passed in 1956. The constituency was assigned identification number 25 after "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed in the year 2008.<ref name="DPACO (1956) ">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1956)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=4 Sep 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/delimitation_pub_rpt.aspx}}</ref><ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 4 Sep 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=4 Sep 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=4 Sep 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/kanth.html}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Kanth Assembly constituency is Kanth Teshil; PCs Baheri Brahmanan, Adampur, Salem Sarai, Maksoodpur of Jatpura KC, PCs Sadarpur, Milak Amawati, Kazipura, Gakkharpur, Mustafapur of Dilari KC of Thakurdwara Teshil & KC Pakbara of Moradabad Teshil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

==Members of Vidhan Sabha ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Kanth Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/kanth.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]|| Jitendra Pratap Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]|| Daudayal Khanna
|-
| [[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]|| Kunwar Jagat Singh Farswal (Pahari Dheeraj, Purani Dilli)
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| [[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]|| Nau Nihal Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|-
| [[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| Chandra Pal Singh
|-
| [[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]|| Hargovind Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
| [[Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]|| Ram Kishan
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress (U)]]
|-
| [[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]|| Samar Pal Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]|| Chandra Pal Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| [[Janata Dal]]
|-
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]|| Thakur Pal Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]|| [[Mehboob Ali (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Mehboob Ali]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]|| [[Rajesh Kumar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Rajesh Kumar Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Rizwan Ahmad Khan]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
| [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Aneesurrehman]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Peace Party of India}}" |
| [[Peace Party of India]]
|-
| [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]|| [[Rajesh Kumar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Rajesh Kumar Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]|| [[Kamal Akhtar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| [[Samajwadi Party]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanth<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Kamal Akhtar
|votes = {{formatnum:134692}}
|percentage = 49.19
|change = +19.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rajesh Kumar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Rajesh Kumar Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:91514}}
|percentage = 33.42
|change = +3.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Afaaq Ali Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:36341}}
|percentage = 13.27
|change = -4.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Raisuddin
|votes = {{formatnum:2886}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change = -8.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1031}}
|percentage = 0.38
|change = -0.1
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:43178}}
|percentage = 15.77
|change = +14.84
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:273839}}
|percentage = 70.11
|change = -1.06
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin |
title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanth<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rajesh Kumar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Rajesh Kumar Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:76307}}
|percentage = 30.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Aneesurrehman]]
|votes = {{formatnum:73959}}
|percentage = 29.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mohd Nasir
|votes = {{formatnum:43820}}
|percentage = 17.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Fizaullah Chaudhry
|votes = {{formatnum:22908}}
|percentage = 9.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Muhammed Usman Ali
|votes = {{formatnum:13931}}
|percentage = 5.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dinesh Kumar Saini
|votes = {{formatnum:10924}}
|percentage = 4.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Afak Ali Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:3458}}
|percentage = 1.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1199}}
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2348}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:253108}}
|percentage = 71.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Peace Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin |
title=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections: Kanth}}<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=754&cid=25 |title=Kanth Assembly Election 2012, Uttar Pradesh |website=www.empoweringindia.org |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032137/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=754&cid=25 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = [[Aneesurrehman]]
|votes = 37092
|percentage = 18.48%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rizwan Ahmed Khan
|votes = 35558
|percentage = 17.72%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Fizaullah Choudhary
|votes = 30690
|percentage = 15.29%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 37092
|percentage = 18.48%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,00,721
|percentage = 67%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
* J. Singh (IND) : 30,583 votes <ref name="election1967">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|title = Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1967}}</ref>
* Dau Dayal Khanna (INC) : 17,233

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
*[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Moradabad district]]
*[[Moradabad Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Moradabad district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Vipin Indira Panabhan Nayar

2026-04-13T22:42:44Z

Animesh: new new stub

{{Short description|Air Marshal, India}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| name = Vipin Indira Panabhan Nayar
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=IND|AVSM|VM}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Air Marshal IP Vipin, AVSM, VM.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)|Commandant]], [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]]
| term_start = 1 August 2020
| term_end = 31 July 2021
| predecessor = [[Jonnalagedda Chalapati]]
| successor = [[Sanjeev Kapoor (air marshal)|Sanjeev Kapoor]]
| birth_date = 
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| birth_place =
| allegiance = {{Country|India}}
| branch = {{Air force|India}}
| service_years = 4 June 1982 – 31 July 2021
| rank = [[File:Indian IAF OF-8.svg|24px]] [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| military_blank1 = [[Service number]]
| military_data1 = 16829<ref name="vipin-brf">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/16829|title=Air Marshal Vipin Indira Panabhan Nayar - BRF|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=2023-05-01}}</ref>
| unit = [[No. 41 Squadron IAF|No. 41 Squadron]]
| commands = [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]] [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] [[No. 41 Squadron IAF|No. 41 Squadron]] [[No. 33 Squadron IAF|No. 33 Squadron]]
| battles =
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[Vayu Sena Medal]]
| spouse =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website =
| other_name =
| memorials =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module =
}}

[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] '''Vipin Indira Panabhan Nayar''', [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]] is a retired officer of the [[Indian Air Force]]. He served as the 28th [[Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)|Commandant]] of the [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]]. He assumed the office on 1 August 2020 succeeding [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] [[Jonnalagedda Chalapati]]. He served till his superannuation on 31 July 2021<ref name="bw-020820">{{cite web |title=Air Marshal IP Vipin takes over as Commandant of Air Force Academy, Secunderabad |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Air-Marshal-IP-Vipin-takes-over-as-Commandant-of-Air-Force-Academy-Secunderabad/02-08-2020-304140/ |website=BW Businessworld |access-date=8 April 2022 |language=en |date=2 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="hi-020821">{{cite web |last1=India |first1=The Hans |title=Air Marshal Sanjeev Kapoor takes over as Commandant of Air Force Academy |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/air-marshal-sanjeev-kapoor-takes-over-as-commandant-of-air-force-academy-699367 |website=www.thehansindia.com |access-date=8 April 2022 |language=en |date=2 August 2021}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Vipin Indira Panabhan Nayar is an alumnus of [[Sainik School Kazhakootam|Sanik School]], [[Kazhakootam]] from 1978 batch. He is a graduate of the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]], [[Pune]], [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]] and [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]], [[New Delhi]].<ref name="ht-110418">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/meet-the-new-commandant-of-nda-pune-air-marshal-ip-vipin/story-trC8NXUPuLSU0QXn0Tjh1N.html|title=Meet the new commandant of NDA Pune, Air Marshal IP Vipin|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=2018-04-11}}</ref><ref name="nie=170813">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2013/aug/17/yet-another-feather-in-sainik-school%e2%80%99s-cap-507608.html|title=Yet another feather in Sainik school's cap|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=2013-08-17|first=Tiki|last=Rajwi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2014/jun/30/outstanding-cadets-feted-new-facilities-opened-630386.html|title=Outstanding Cadets Feted, New Facilities Opened|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=2014-06-30}}</ref>

==Career==
Vipin Indira Panabhan Nayar was commissioned in the flying branch of the Indian Air Force. In a career spanning over 39 years, he has as more than 6,000 hours of flying experience across various types of transport aircraft, trainer aircraft and gliders.<ref name="th-010523">{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/news/south/defence-telangana-vipin/2104262.html|title= Air Marshal Vipin takes over as Commandant of Air Force Academy |publisher=United News of India|date=2020-08-01}}</ref>

He has held various instructional tenures include stints at [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]], [[Pune]], [[Basic Flying Training School (India)|Basic Flying Training School]], [[Prayagraj]] and Fixed Wing Training Faculty at [[Yelahanka Air Force Station|Air Force Station Yelahanka]], [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="ht-110418"/>

As [[Wing commander|Wing Commander]], he served as the Commanding Officer of the [[No. 41 Squadron IAF|No. 41 Squadron]] at [[Jodhpur]].<ref name="nie=170813"/>

As [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]], he served as the Commanding Officer of the [[No. 33 Squadron IAF|No. 33 Squadron]] at [[Sulur Air Force Station|Sulur]].<ref name="vipin-brf"/>

As [[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]], he served as the Principal Director for Operations, Transport and Helicopters. Later, he served as the Air Officer Commanding of 3 Wing in [[New Delhi]]. Afterwards, he served as the Principal Director for Space operations.<ref name="th-010821"/>

As [[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]], he served as the Senior Directing Staff (Air) at the [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.lk/news/indian-air-force-senior-directing-staff-calls-commander|title=Indian Air Force Senior Directing Staff Calls on Commander|publisher=Sri Lankan Army|access-date=2023-05-25}}</ref>

After his promotion to [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]], he served as the [[Commandant of the National Defence Academy|Commandant]] of the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] till 15 December 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/air-marshal-ip-vipin-to-head-nda/articleshow/63703312.cms|title=Air Marshal IP Vipin to head NDA|work=[[Times of India]]|date=2018-04-11}}</ref>

Later, he took over as the Senior Air Staff Officer of the [[Central Air Command (India)|Central Air Command]] on 16 December 2019 from [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] [[Richard John Duckworth]] and served till 31 July 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feb 19 |first1=TNN | title=Lt Gen Asit Mistry new NDA Commandant {{!}} Pune News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/lt-gen-asit-mistry-new-nda-commandant/articleshow/74199151.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

He was appointed as the [[Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)|Commandant]] of the [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]], where he served till his superannuation on 31 July 2021 and was succeeded by [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] [[Sanjeev Kapoor (air marshal)|Sanjeev Kapoor]].<ref name="th-010821">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/new-afa-commandant/article35683949.ece|title= New Commandant at AFA-Dundigal |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2021-08-01}}</ref>

== Honours and decorations ==
During his career, Vipin Indira Panabhan Nayar has been awarded the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 2021 and [[Vayu Sena Medal]] in 2003 for his service.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692363|title= President Shri Ram Nath Kovind approves 455 Gallantry & other defence decorations to Armed Forces personnel on Republic Day |publisher=PIB|date=2021-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030126/nation.htm#1|title=494 armed forces personnel selected for awards|date=26 January 2003|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|archive-date=25 May 2023|access-date=25 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525131612/https://m.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030126/nation.htm#1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Vayu Sena Medal]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}{{Succession box
| title = [[Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)|Commandant]], [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]]
| years = 1 August 2020 – 31 July 2021
| before = [[Jonnalagedda Chalapati]]
| after = [[Sanjeev Kapoor (air marshal)|Sanjeev Kapoor]]
}}{{Succession box
| title = Senior Air Staff Officer - [[Central Air Command (India)|Central Air Command]]
| years = 16 December 2019 - 31 July 2020
| before = [[Richard John Duckworth]]
| after = [[Dilip Kumar Patnaik]]
}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[Commandant of the National Defence Academy|Commandant]], [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]
| years = 9 April 2018 – 15 December 2019
| before = [[Jasjit Singh Kler]]
| after = [[Asit Mistry]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indira Panabhan Nayar, Vipin}}
[[Category:Sainik School alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Commandants of the Air Force Academy (India)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vayu Sena Medal]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Pantnagar

2026-03-28T09:08:33Z

Animesh: corrected lead after review additionally and improved wording

{{For| a [[Mumbai]] suburb, near [[Ghatkopar]]|Pant Nagar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pantnagar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = Aerial view of Pantnagar from Kunal's new home. 3 - panoramio.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aerial view of Pantnagar
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.97|N|79.41|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Udham Singh Nagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 243.84
| population_total = 35820
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Tharu languages|Tharu]], [[Rana Tharu language|Rana Tharu]], [[Buksa language|Buksa]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 263145
| registration_plate = UK 06
| website = {{URL|usnagar.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Pantnagar''' is a town and a university campus in [[Udham Singh Nagar District]], [[Uttarakhand]]. [[Nainital]], [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]], [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]], [[Kiccha]], [[Lalkuan]], [[Shaktifarm]] and [[Haldwani]] are the major cities surrounding Pantnagar.

The town is home to the first [[agricultural]] university of [[India]] which was established on 17 November 1960.<ref name="officialsite">[http://www.gbpuat.ac.in Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology], website.</ref> The university was earlier called the Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University or Pantnagar University. It was renamed [[G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology]].<ref name="officialsite" /> keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP.

In recent years, an integrated industrial estate has been established near the campus which houses companies such as [[Tata Motors]], [[Bajaj Auto|Bajaj]], [[Britannia Industries|Britannia]], [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Hindustan Computers Ltd.]], [[Voltas]], [[Schneider Electric]], [[Nestle]], [[Dabur]], [[Vedanta Resources]], etc., as a part of [[SIDCUL Industrial Area]] developed by the government owned [[State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand]].

==History==
Before November 2000 Pantnagar was in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. After 9 November 2000 it became part of the new Indian state of Uttarakhand, which is located in the northern part of India. [[Uttarakhand]] was carved out of Himalayan and adjoining districts
of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a ‘Rural University’ on the land-grant pattern of [[United States|US]]. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of [[United States|US]], was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting [[Uttar Pradesh]] in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the university was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. [[Govind Ballabh Pant]], the then Chief Minister of [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]]. The university was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] on 17 November 1960.

The [[G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology|G.B. Pant University]] is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country

The credit for starting the functioning of the university goes the first Vice-Chancellor, late Dr. Kenneth Anthony Parker Stevenson (1-12-58 to 2-1-64). The other Vice-Chancellors to be remembered for their distinctive contributions in the development of the University are :
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Serial No.
! Name
! Time
|-
| 1
| Raja Bajrang Bhadur Singh
| 20-12-1964 to 18- 01- 1966
|-
| 2
| Dr. Dhyan Pal Singh
| 28-1-66 to 19-1-75
|-
| 3
| Shri Shiv Prasad Pandey
| 20-1-75 to 20-4-77
|-
| 4
| Dr. Dharma Pal Singh
| 22-10-77 to 22-6-78
|-
| 5
| Mr. Narendra Shankar Mathur
| 1-8-78 to 12-5-80
|-
| 6
| Mr. Anand Sarup
| 27-8-80 to 7-2-83
|-
| 7
| Mr. Kripa Narayan
| 9-2-83 to 21-1-87
|-
| 8
| Dr. Kailash Nath Katiyar
| 27-1-87 to 26-7-87
|-
| 9
| Dr. Mahatim Singh
| 31-7-87 to 30-7-90
|-
| 10
| Dr. Hari Govind Singh
| 31-7-90 to 17-12-93
|-
| 11
| Dr. Suresh Chandra Mudgal
| 17-12-93 to 18-2-97
|-
| 12
| Dr. Surendra Bahadur Singh
| 18-2-97 to 17-2-2000
|-
| 13
| Dr. J. B. Chowdhary
| 17-2-2000 to 15-4-2002
|-
| 14
| Dr. Amresh Kumar
|-
| 15
| Dr. [[Prem Lal Gautam]]
| 18-6-2002 to 11-10-2007
|-
| 16
| Dr. A.P. Sharma
|
|-
| 17
| Dr. B.S. Bisht
|
|-
| 18
| Dr. Subhash Kumar
|
|-
| 19
| Dr. Alok Jain
|
|-
| 20
| Dr. Matthew Prasad
|
|-
| 21
| Dr. H.S. Dhami
|
|-
| 22
| Dr. Mangla Rai
| 21-03-2015 to 26-09-2016
|-
| 23
|Dr. J. Kumar
| 27-09-2016 to 25-09-2017
|-
|24
|Prof Aditya Kumar Misra
| From 26 to 09-2017
|}

The campus appears impressive today with its well-tended fields, a network of roads, housing colonies, street lighting, a telephone exchange, hospitals, marketing centres, a water supply section, a community radio station 90.8 MHz, canteens, 6 primary schools and 3 secondary schools.

The main campus lies in Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand at 29° N latitude and 79° E longitude at an elevation of 243.8 m above the mean sea level. This main campus has the area responsibility for the entire Uttarakhand representing plains, Tarai, Bhabar and hill areas. However, to provide service to the hill region its other stations are situated at Ranichauri (Tehri district), Majhera (Nainital district) and at Lohaghat-Sui (Champawat district). There are 763 teachers and officers 59 technical staff, 631 administrative and ministerial personnel and 1425 class III employees, amounting to a total strength of 2878. The number of students in the university ranges between 2800 and 3000. Thus, the teacher taught ratio is about 1:6 and student-staff ratio is about 1:1.

==University==
[[file:VC Office building Pantnagar.JPG|thumb|Main administrative building, in campus of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology]]
[[file:AgCollege.jpg|thumb|College of Agriculture at Pantnagar]]

{{Main|Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology}}

Pantnagar University houses ten colleges:
*[[College of Agriculture, Pantnagar|College of Agriculture]]
*[[College of Technology, Pantnagar|College of Technology]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041209025825/http://www.gbpuat-tech.ac.in/ College of Technology Official website]</ref>
* College of Home Science <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gbpuat.ac.in/acads/cbsh/index.htm | title=College of Basic Sciences and Hu | access-date=19 February 2010 | archive-date=7 February 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207014840/http://gbpuat.ac.in/acads/cbsh/index.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* College of Basic Science & Humanities
*College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
* College of Fisheries
* College of Agri-Business Management
* College of Post Graduate Studies
* College of Forestry & Hill Agriculture, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal (off-campus)
* VCSG College of Horticulture, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal (off-campus)

==Schools==
There are primary and secondary level schools located on the university campus. These include Campus school, [[Bal Nilyam Shishu Vidyalaya]], Primary school, [[Pantnagar Inter College]], Government Girls Inter College and Saraswati Shishu Mandir.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Pantnagar (1991–2020, extremes 1985–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 28.6
| Feb record high C = 34.0
| Mar record high C = 36.9
| Apr record high C = 41.5
| May record high C = 44.3
| Jun record high C = 45.6
| Jul record high C = 42.1
| Aug record high C = 39.6
| Sep record high C = 38.6
| Oct record high C = 38.0
| Nov record high C = 32.4
| Dec record high C = 29.4
| year record high C = 45.6
| Jan high C = 19.6
| Feb high C = 24.0
| Mar high C = 29.2
| Apr high C = 34.9
| May high C = 36.7
| Jun high C = 35.8
| Jul high C = 33.0
| Aug high C = 32.6
| Sep high C = 32.5
| Oct high C = 31.0
| Nov high C = 27.4
| Dec high C = 22.6
| year high C = 30.0
| Jan low C = 5.5
| Feb low C = 7.7
| Mar low C = 11.5
| Apr low C = 16.0
| May low C = 21.0
| Jun low C = 24.3
| Jul low C = 25.3
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 23.1
| Oct low C = 16.9
| Nov low C = 10.3
| Dec low C = 6.2
| year low C = 16.1
| Jan record low C = -2.2
| Feb record low C = -0.6
| Mar record low C = 3.4
| Apr record low C = 6.3
| May record low C = 8.0
| Jun record low C = 17.5
| Jul record low C = 13.0
| Aug record low C = 18.6
| Sep record low C = 16.2
| Oct record low C = 8.3
| Nov record low C = 1.2
| Dec record low C = 0.2
| year record low C = -2.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 28.0
| Feb rain mm = 34.6
| Mar rain mm = 22.4
| Apr rain mm = 15.0
| May rain mm = 46.4
| Jun rain mm = 179.7
| Jul rain mm = 397.7
| Aug rain mm = 412.0
| Sep rain mm = 263.5
| Oct rain mm = 30.0
| Nov rain mm = 3.1
| Dec rain mm = 11.6
| year rain mm = 1443.9
| Jan rain days = 1.6
| Feb rain days = 2.2
| Mar rain days = 1.6
| Apr rain days = 1.3
| May rain days = 3.3
| Jun rain days = 7.6
| Jul rain days = 14.0
| Aug rain days = 14.6
| Sep rain days = 8.5
| Oct rain days = 1.3
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.6
| year rain days = 56.9
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 71
| Feb humidity = 57
| Mar humidity = 46
| Apr humidity = 33
| May humidity = 40
| Jun humidity = 56
| Jul humidity = 74
| Aug humidity = 78
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 69
| Nov humidity = 72
| Dec humidity = 72
|year humidity = 62
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Pantnagar Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 589–590
| access-date = 15 February 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Integrated industrial estate==
The Integrated Industrial Estate, Pantnagar of the [[State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand]] (SIDCUL) houses the companies like [[Britannia Industries]], [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]], [[HCL Technologies|HCL]], [[Voltas]], [[Schneider Electric]], [[Ashok Leyland]], [[Delphi-TVS Diesel Systems Limited]], [[Vedanta Resources]], RSB Transmission, [[Bajaj Auto|Bajaj Motors Ltd.]] and New Allenberry Works setting up their manufacturing units.<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=318555 75 ancillaries of Tata Motors coming up in Pantnagar] ''[[Business Standard]]'', 1 April 2008.</ref> and [[Tata Motors]]<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Tata-to-set-up-mini-Nano-plant-in-Pantnagar/374872 Tata to set up mini Nano pant at Pantnagar] ''[[Indian Express]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/tata-seeks-more-land-at-pantnagar-for-nano/00/16/342946/ Tata seeks more land at Pantnagar for Nano] ''[[Business Standard]]'', 12 December 2008.</ref> Rane Madras limited,
Rane NSK Steering Systems Private Ltd.,

==Connectivity==
* [[Pantnagar railway station]] is the nearest railway station to Pantnagar. Haldi Road railway station and Lalkuan railway station are located 5 kilometers and 9 kilometers respectively from Pantnagar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nearestrailwaystation.com/pantnagar/ |website=NearestRailwayStation.com|title=Nearest Railway Stations to Pantnagar in 2021|date=23 September 2020 }}</ref>
* [[Pantnagar Airport]] - It is a domestic airport that serves the town of Pantnagar and is operated by the [[Airports Authority of India]].
Between 2005 and 2008, the [[Government of Uttarakhand]] offered a subsidy to [[Jagson Airlines]] to start a daily scheduled flight between Pantnagar and [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=In its bid to connect the state through aviation, Uttaranchal government today signed an agreement with private carrier Jagson Airlines to launch a direct flight between Delhi and Pantnagar |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9850686_ITM |publisher=Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, [[Financial Times]]|date= 2005-10-28|access-date=2009-06-29}}</ref> The airline used an 18-seater [[Dornier 228]] on the route.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} This was, however, withdrawn in 2008 when the runway size was increased. The government then invited [[Deccan Aviation]] to fly on the Delhi - Pantnagar route.<ref name="BS">{{cite news|title=Fly to Pantnagar, Uttarakhand asks Deccan |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/fly-to-pantnagar-uttarakhand-asks-deccan/317973/|newspaper= [[Business Standard]]|date= 2008-03-26|access-date=2009-06-29}}</ref> Kingfisher Airlines, which took over Deccan Aviation, undertook seasonal flights to Pantnagar as the weather did not allow it to fly all round the year.<ref name=lm1>{{cite news|title=Kingfisher looks to shut some stations, reduce workforce|url=http://www.livemint.com/2011/11/17235232/Kingfisher-looks-to-shut-some.html|access-date=12 December 2011|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] P(livemint)|date=17 November 2011}}</ref> Air India started flights from Delhi to Pantnagar using ATR 80 seater aircraft from the third week of October 2014.

==See also==
* [[Pantnagar Airport]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [http://www.gbpuat.ac.in Official site of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041209025825/http://www.gbpuat-tech.ac.in/ Official site of College of Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar]

{{Udham Singh Nagar district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pantnagar| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Udham Singh Nagar district]]

Nattakurinji

2026-03-26T14:19:52Z

Animesh: Adding A Details W/ Refs

{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Nattakurinji
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela = 28th Mela Harikambhoji
| chakra =Bana
| type = Vakra
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|N2|D2|N2|P|D2|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|M1|G3|M1|P|G3|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar = Ravi Chandrika of Carnatic
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Nattakurinji''' is a [[raga]] (musical scale) in [[Carnatic music]]. It is a ''audava [[janya]]'' raga of the 28th [[Melakarta]] raga [[Harikambhoji]]. This raga is considered auspicious to sing in the evenings.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> Though rarely used in Hindustani music, it is very popular in Carnatic music.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiamusicinfo.com/raga_today/nattakurinji.html |title=Raga Today - Nattakurinji |access-date=2 January 2013 |archive-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424172636/http://www.indiamusicinfo.com/raga_today/nattakurinji.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The raaga '''Kurinji''' belongs to the Melakarta family [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Shankarabharanam]] but is relatively rare.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.atyutka.com/kurinji-raga/ | title=Kurinji Raga - Atyutka Kurinji | date=27 March 2021 }}</ref>

== Structure and Lakshana ==
''Nattakurinji'' is an asymmetric rāgam. It is described as having three types of ascending ([[arohana]]) and descending scales ([[avarohana]]).<ref name="raganidhi" /> In practice, all 3 types of ''arohana'' and ''avarohana'', as well as other usages (''prayogas''), are found. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (one ascending and descending scale) is as follows:<ref name="ragas" />

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|N2|D2|N2|P|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandhara, chathusruthi dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in the ascending scale, with ''rishabham'' excluded in the descending scale. For details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]]. It is also classified as a "rakti" raga (a raga of high melodic content).

==Popular compositions==
Many compositions are set to ''Nattakurinji'' [[Raga]]. Some popular compositions include:

Varnams:

*''Chalamela Jesevayya'', a Pada[[varnam]] composed by Mulaivittu Rangasami Nattuvanar
*''Swami Naan Undhan Adimai'', a Pada[[varnam]] by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Samini Vegame Rammanave'', an ''Ata'' [[Tala (music)|tala]] [[Varnam]] by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''Sarasakshi'', a ''Misra Chapu'' [[Tala (music)|tala]] [[Varnam]] by Ponniah Pillai of the [[Tanjore Quartet]]

Krithis:

*''Alli Nodalu Rama'', ''Manava Nillisuvudu'' and ''Prananatha Paliso Nee Enna'' by [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Manasu Vishaya'' and ''Kuvalaya Dalanayana'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Gajadhishadanyam'', ''Budhamashrayami'', ''Balambikayai Namaste'', ''Shivakami Pathim'' and ''Parvati Kumaram'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Ketum Bhajamyaham'' by Chidambaram Swarnavenkatesha Dikshitar
*''Mayamma Nannu Brovavamma'' by [[Shyama Shastri]] (disputed)
*''Pahi Janani Santatam (Navarathri 8th day krithi)'', ''Jagadeesha Sada Mamava'', ''Mamava Sada Varade'' by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]]
*''Pal Vadiyum Mugam'', ''Vanamali Swagatham'' and ''Koduthu Vaitha Punniyavan'' by [[Oothukkadu Venkatasubramanya Iyer]]
*''Ekkalathilum'' by Ramaswamy Shivan
*''Vinayaka Thunai'' by [[Neelakanta Sivan]]
*''Parakela Saraswathi'' by Thirupathi Narayanaswamy
*''Edaunnado'', ''Sriman Narayanathe'' and ''Vande Shantham Hanumantham'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
*''Vazhi Maraithirukudhe'' by [[Gopalakrishna Bharati]] (originally in [[Hanumatodi]])
*''Needu Murthini'' by Pallavi Gopala Iyer
*''Muruga Muruga'' by [[Subramania Bharati]]
*''Kolam Kaana Vaarir'' by [[Ambujam Krishna]]
*''Kandan Seyalanro'' by Dr. [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]
*''En Intha Thaamadham'' by [[Neelakanta Sivan]]
*''Nakabhaya Varamosagi'' by [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]]
*''Na Cheyi Vidavakura'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]

Javalis and Padams:

*''Tharu Maru Ladeveme ([[Javali]]) and Chalamelara ([[Javali]])'' by [[Pattabhiramayya]]
*''Sukhamo Devi (Padam)'' from the ''Lavanasuravadham (Killing of Lavanasura)'' by Amritha Shastrigal

==Film songs==
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Language
!Film
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Kavalaiyai Theerpathu Naattiya Kalaiye
|rowspan=7|Tamil
|[[Sivakavi]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Anbe Amudhey
|[[Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]
|[[G. Ramanathan]]
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]],[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kaniya Kaniya Mazhalai Pesum
|[[Mannathi Mannan]]
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|Maaman Kurai
|[[Kaalapani|Siraichalai]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]],[[Gangai Amaran]]
|-
|Kannamoochi yenada
(Sahana touches also)
|[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]],[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Poongatru Veesum
|[[Mr. Madras]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Theme
|[[Thavamai Thavamirundhu]]
|[[Sabesh–Murali]]
|[[Sharreth]],[[Madhu Balakrishnan]],[[Sudha Ragunathan]]
|-
|Udayam Vaalkkannezhuthi
|rowspan=3|Malayalam
|[[Njangal Santhushtaranu]]
|
|
|-
|Thiranurayum
|[[Anandabhadram]]
|
|
|-
|Vaikasi thingalo
|
|
|
|}
The song ''Kannamoochi yenada'' in the movie ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]'' is not entirely composed in this ragam; only the initial portion of the song is composed in ''Nattakurinj'', while the latter half is composed in ''[[Sahana (raga)|Sahana]]''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesser Known Gruhabhedams - Season 1 #2: Kannamoochi Enada {{!}} Nattakurinji {{!}} Raganalysis|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-e0Zi2ib7OY|language=en|access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}{{reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]

Deccani language

2026-03-24T06:08:08Z

Animesh:

{{Short description|Indo-Aryan language spoken in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Deccani
| nativename = {{nq|دکنی}} दखनी
| image = File:Khalilullah Butshikan - From Dohras (Songs) 40 and 42 from the Kitab-i Nauras (Book of Nine Essence - 2013.284 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg
| imagecaption = A folio from the ''[[Kitab-i-Navras]]'', a collection of Deccani poetry attributed to the [[Adil Shahi]] king [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] (16th-17th centuries)
| ethnicity = [[Deccanis]]
| states = [[India]]
| region = [[South India]]
*[[File:Emblem of Telangana.svg|22px]] [[Telangana]]
*[[File:Flag of United Andhra Pradesh.svg|22px]] [[Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[File:Flag of Tamil Nadu.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
*[[File:Flag of Kerala.png|22px]] [[Kerala]]
*[[File:Flag of Maharashtra.svg|22px]] [[Maharashtra]]
| speakers =
| date =
| ref =
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Central Indo-Aryan languages|Central Zone]]
| fam5 = [[Western Hindi languages|Western Hindi]]
| fam6 = [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| script = [[Arabic script]] ([[Nastaliq]]) [[Brahmic script]] ([[Devanagari]])
| dia1 = [[Hyderabadi Urdu|Hyderabadi]]
| dia2 = Mysore
| dia3 = Madrasi (Chennai)
| agency =
| glotto = dakh1244
| glottorefname = Dakhini
| stand1 = [[Urdu|Standard Urdu]] [[Modern Standard Hindi|Dakshina Hindi]]
| isoexception = language
}}

'''Deccani''' ({{nq|دکنی}},{{Script/Devanagari|दखनी}}, ''dakanī)''{{efn-ua|''Deccani'' is spelled variously as ''Dakni'', ''Dakani'', ''Dakhni'', ''Dakhani'', ''Dakhini'', ''Dakkhani'', ''Dakkhini'' and ''Dakkani'' in both Hindi and Urdu.}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kellman |first1=Steven G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCs9EAAAQBAJ&dq=deccani+variety+of+urdu&pg=PT417 |title=The Routledge Handbook of Literary Translingualism |last2=Lvovich |first2=Natasha |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-44153-6 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Deccani Urdu''',<ref>{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Abdul Jamil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nH1HBxdA1UIC&q=deccani+urdu&pg=PA156|title=Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide: African Heritage, Mesopotamian Roots, Indian Culture & Britiah Colonialism|date=2006|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0-87586-438-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=Sarwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAKqDwAAQBAJ&dq=deccani+dialect+of+urdu&pg=PT113 |title=Cultural Fusion of Sufi Islam: Alternative Paths to Mystical Faith |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-87294-5 |language=en}}</ref> '''Deccani Hindi''',<ref name="Azam2017">{{cite book |last1=Azam |first1=Kousar J. |title=Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad |year= 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-39399-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Verma1990">{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Dinesh Chandra |title=Social, Economic, and Cultural History of Bijapur |date=1990 |publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli |page=141 |language=en |quote=Deccani Hindi is indebted for its development to the Muslim poets and writers chiefly belonging to the kingdom of Bijapur.}}</ref><ref name="Arun1961">{{cite book |last1=Arun |first1=Vidya Bhaskar |title=A Comparative Phonology of Hindi and Panjabi |date=1961 |publisher=Panjabi Sahitya Akademi |page=xii |language=en |quote=The Deccani Hindi Poetry in its earlier phase was not so much Persianised as it became later.}}</ref> or '''Deccani Hindustani''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Social History — 1750-1780: Document |url=https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/v/object-779401/document/ |publisher=[[Museum of London]] |access-date=6 February 2025 |language=en-gb |quote=The majority of the documents are written in Farsi (Persian), employing the adapted Arabic script but these notes are written in English and Deccani Hindustani with Carnatic translation.}}</ref><ref name="Hirschmann2019">{{cite book |last1=Hirschmann |first1=Edwin |title=The Accidental Viceroy: Robert Lytton in India |date=11 December 2019 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4985-9853-8 |page=41 |language=en |quote=But the dewan translated these (probably into Deccani Hindustani) as "friendship" and "alliance".}}</ref> is an [[Indo-Aryan language|Indo-Aryan]] [[Variety (linguistics)|language variety]] based on a form of [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] spoken in the [[Deccan]] region of [[South India]] and is the native language of the [[Deccani Muslims|Deccani people]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mohammed |first1=Syed |title=Deccani roots truly secular |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/deccani-roots-truly-secular/articleshow/11562152.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Maclean2021" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Emeneau |first1=Murray B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5RsDwAAQBAJ&dq=deccani+urdu+hindi+dakhani&pg=PA281 |title=Linguistics in South Asia |last2=Fergusson |first2=Charles A. |date=2016 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-081950-2 |language=en}}</ref> The historical form of Deccani sparked the development of [[Urdu literature]] during the [[Mughal Empire|late-Mughal period]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Imam|first=Syeda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ww3GYpMrwysC&q=mughals+made+urdu+official&pg=PT120|title=The Untold Charminar|date=2008|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-971-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=Sarwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAKqDwAAQBAJ&dq=urdu+deccani&pg=PT113 |title=Cultural Fusion of Sufi Islam: Alternative Paths to Mystical Faith |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-87294-5 |language=en}}</ref> Deccani arose as a ''[[lingua franca]]'' under the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani Sultanates]], as trade and migration from the north introduced [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] to the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]. It later developed a literary tradition under the patronage of the [[Deccan Sultanates]]. Deccani itself came to influence standard [[Urdu]] and later [[Hindi]], in the form of Dakshina Hindi.<ref name="Maclean2021"/><ref name="phonology">{{Cite web |url=https://the-deccan.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Dakhani-Urdu-Phonology-Morphology.pdf|title=Urdu-Phonology and Morphology}}</ref>

Deccani has an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] core vocabulary, though it incorporated loanwords from [[Persian language|Persian]], which was the official language of the Deccan Sultanates. Additionally, Deccani differs from northern Hindustani sociolects due to archaisms retained from the [[medieval India|medieval era]], as well as a [[Language convergence|convergence]] with and loanwords from the Deccan's regional languages like [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] spoken in the states of [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and some parts of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Maclean2021">{{cite web |author1=Kama Maclean |title=Language and Cinema: Schisms in the Representation of Hyderabad |url=https://www.flame.edu.in/in-the-media/language-and-cinema-schisms-in-the-representation-of-hyderabad |access-date=12 February 2024 |date=26 September 2021|quote=The Deccani language developed between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries in the Deccan—it is known to be an old form of Hindi and Urdu. Deccani was influenced by the other languages of the region, that is, it borrowed some words from Telugu, Kannada and Marathi. Deccani was known as the language from the South and it later traveled to the north of India and influenced Khari Boli. It also had a significant influence on the development of Hindi and Urdu.}}</ref> Deccani has been increasingly influenced by [[Standard Urdu]], which serves as its [[formal register]]. In the modern era, it has mostly survived as a spoken [[lect]] and is not a literary language.

There are three primary dialects of Deccani spoken today: [[Hyderabadi Urdu]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Dr Shikha |title=Legendary Narratives of Hyderabad |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64429-473-4 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Legendary_Narratives_of_Hyderabad/Io5yDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nizam+temple+donation&pg=PT39&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Mysore, and Madrasi (Chennaian). [[Hyderabadi Urdu]] is the closest of these dialects to Standard Urdu and the most spoken.<ref name="phonology"/>

The term "Deccani" and its variants are often used in two different contexts: a historical, obsolete one, referring to the medieval-era literary predecessor of Hindustani;{{Sfn|Rahman|2011|p=22}}<ref name="Maclean2021"/> and an oral one, referring to the language spoken in many areas of the Deccan today.{{Sfn|Rahman|2011|p=4}} Both contexts have intricate historical ties.

==History==

=== Origin ===
As a predecessor of modern [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]],{{Sfn|Rahman|2011|p=27}} Deccani has its origins in the [[Language contact|contact dialect]] spoken around Delhi then known as ''[[Dehlavi]]'' and now called [[Old Hindi]]''.'' In the early 14th century, this dialect was introduced in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] region through the military exploits of [[Alauddin Khalji]].{{Sfn|Mustafa|2008|p=185}} In 1327 AD, [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] shifted his [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultanate]]'s capital from [[Delhi]] to [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]] (near present-day [[Aurangabad]], Maharashtra), causing a mass migration; governors, soldiers and common people moved south, bringing the dialect with them.{{sfn|Dua|2012|p=383}} At this time (and for the next few centuries) the cultural centres of the northern Indian subcontinent were under [[Persian language|Persian]] linguistic hegemony.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=David|title=Urdu|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/urdu|url-status=live|website=Encyclopaedia Iranica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429160516/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/urdu |archive-date=29 April 2011 }}</ref>

The [[Bahmani Sultanate]] was formed in 1347 AD with [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]] as its capital. This was later moved to [[Gulbarga]] and once again, in 1430, to [[Bidar]]. By this time, the dialect had acquired the name ''Dakhni,'' from the name of the region itself, and had become a ''lingua franca'' for the linguistically diverse people of the region, primarily where the Muslims had settled permanently.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBJuAAAAMAAJ&q=dakhni+lingua+franca+muslims |title=A History of the Freedom Movement:Being the Story of Muslim Struggle for the Freedom of Hind-Pakistan, 1707–1947 |volume =3| issue =2 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society |date=1957 }}</ref> The Bahmanids greatly promoted Persian, and did not show any notable patronage for Deccani.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schmidt|first=Ruth L.|title=Dakhini Urdu : History and Structure|year=1981|location=New Delhi|pages=3 & 6}}</ref> However, their 150-year rule saw the burgeoning of a local Deccani literary culture outside the court, as religious texts were made in the language. The [[Sufism|Sufis]] in the region (such as Shah Miranji) were an important vehicle of Deccani; they used it in their preachings since regional languages were more accessible (than Persian) to the general population. This era also saw production of the [[Masnavi (poetic form)|''masnavi'']] ''[[Kadam Rao Padam Rao]]'' by Fakhruddin Nizami in the region around Bidar. It is the earliest available manuscript of the Hindavi/Dehlavi/Deccani language, and contains loanwords from local languages such as Telugu and Marathi. Digby suggests that it was not produced in courtly settings.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Digby|first=Simon|title=Before Timur Came: Provincialization of the Delhi Sultanate through the Fourteenth Century|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25165052|journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|year=2004|volume=47|issue=3|pages=333–335|doi=10.1163/1568520041974657|jstor=25165052|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

=== Growth ===
[[File:Phulban - a Persian love story (in Dakkhini Urdu).jpg|thumb|Illustrated page from ibn-e-Nishati's "Phulban" (Flower Garden), a Deccani rendition of an unknown Persian work. Written under the patronage of [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]], depicted here seated on a throne.]]
In the early 16th century, the Bahmani Sultanate splintered into more assimilated [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]] such as the [[Golconda Sultanate|Golconda]] and [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur Sultanates]], which sponsored, blended and developed humanistic disciplines of local languages into [[Indo-Persian culture]]. {{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|p=100}} According to Shaheen and Shahid, Golconda was the literary home of Asadullah Wajhi (author of ''Sab Ras''), ibn-e-Nishati (''Phulban''), and Ghwasi (''Tutinama'')''.'' Bijapur played host to Hashmi Bijapuri, San‘ati, and Mohammed Nusrati over the years.{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|p=124}}

The rulers themselves participated in these cultural developments. [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] of the [[Golconda Sultanate]] wrote poetry in Deccani, which was compiled into a ''[[Kulliyyat|kulliyyāt]].'' It is widely considered to be the earliest Urdu poetry of a secular nature.{{Sfn|Rahman|2011|p=27}} [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] produced ''Kitab-e-Navras'' (Book of the Nine [[Rasa (aesthetics)|Rasas]]), a work of musical poetry written entirely in Deccani. The ''[[mathnawi]]'' ''[[Pem Nem]]'' was also compiled during his reign.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Matthews|first=David J.|title=Eighty Years of Dakani Scholarship|url=https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/11813|journal=The Annual of Urdu Studies|year=1993|volume=9|pages=92–93}}</ref>

Although the poets of this era were well-versed in Persian, they were characterised by a preference for indigenous cultures, and a drive to stay independent of esoteric language. As a result, the language they cultivated emphasised the [[Sanskrit]]ic roots of Deccani without overshadowing it, and borrowed from neighbouring languages (especially Marathi; Matthews states that Dravidian influence was much less{{Sfn|Matthews|1976|p=170}}). In this regard, Shaheen and Shahid note that literary Deccani has historically been very close to spoken Deccani, unlike the northern tradition that has always exhibited [[diglossia]].{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|p=116}} Poet San'ati is a particular example of such conscious efforts to retain simplicity:{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|pp=101–103}}
{{Verse translation|rakhiyā kam sanskrit ke is me bōl,
adīk bōlne te rakhiyā hũ amōl;

jise fārsī kā na kuch gyān he
sō dakhnī zabān us kō āsān he|I have restricted the use of Sanskrit words,
And made it free of unnecessary talk.

Those who have no knowledge of Persian;
For them Dakhnī is a readily understood language.}}

As the language of court and culture, Persian nevertheless served as the model for poetic forms, and a good amount of Persian and Arabic vocabulary was present in the works of these writers. Hence Deccani attempted to strike a balance between Indian and Persian influences,{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|pp=103–104}}{{Sfn|Matthews|1976|p=283}} though it did always retain mutual intelligibility with the northern Dehlavi. This contributed to the cultivation of a distinct Deccani identity, separate from the rulers from the north; many poets proudly extolled the Deccan region and its culture.{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|pp=106–108}}

Hence, Deccani experienced cultivation into a literary language under the Sultanates, alongside its usage as a common vernacular. It also continued to be used by saints and Sufis for preaching. However, the Sultanates did not use Deccani for official purposes, preferring the prestige language Persian as well as regional languages like Marathi, Kannada, and Telugu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eaton|first=Richard|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=9780521254847|series=The New Cambridge History of India|pages=142–144}}</ref>

=== Decline ===
The Mughal conquest of the Deccan by [[Aurangzeb]] in the 17th century connected the southern regions of the subcontinent to the north, and introduced a hegemony of northern tastes. This began the decline of Deccani poetry, as literary patronage in the region decreased. The sociopolitical context of the period is reflected in Hashmi Bijapuri's poem, composed two years after the fall of Bijapur, in a time when many southern poets were pressured to change their language and style for patronage:{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|pp=116 & 143}}
{{Verse translation|tuje chākrī kya tu apnīch bōl,
terā shēr dakhnī hai dakhnīch bōl|Why bother about patrons, in your own words do state;
Your poetry is Dakhni, and only in it should you narrate}}

The literary centres of the Deccan had been replaced by the capital of the Mughals, so poets migrated to Delhi for better opportunities. A notable example is that of [[Wali Deccani]] (1667–1707), who adapted his Deccani sensibilities to the northern style and produced a [[Diwan (poetry)|''divan'']] in this variety. His work inspired the Persianate poets of the north to compose in the local dialect, which in their hands became an intermediate predecessor of Hindustani known as [[Rekhta]]. This accelerated the downfall of Deccani literature, as Rekhta came to dominate the competing dialects of Mughal Hindustan.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Faruqi|first=Shamsur Rahman|title=Urdu Literary Culture, Part 1|work=Literary Cultures in History. Reconstructions from South Asia.|publisher=University of California Press|year=2003|isbn=0520228219|editor-last=Pollock|editor-first=Sheldon|pages=837 & 839}}</ref> The advent of the [[Asaf Jahis]] slowed this down, but despite their patronage of regional culture, Deccani’s literary tradition died. However, the spoken variety has lived on in the Deccani Muslims, retaining some of its historical features and continuing to be influenced by the neighbouring Dravidian languages.{{Sfn|Shaheen|Shahid|2018|pp=118–119}}{{Sfn|Mustafa|2008|p=185}}

== Phonology ==
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alv.]]/ [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|m}}
|{{IPAlink|n}}
|{{IPAlink|ɳ}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPA link|mʱ}}
|{{IPA link|nʱ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]/ [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!{{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|{{IPAlink|p}}
|{{IPAlink|t}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʃ}}
|{{IPAlink|k}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
|{{IPAlink|pʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|ʈʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʃʰ}}
|{{IPAlink|kʰ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|{{IPAlink|d}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʒ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPAlink|bʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɖʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʒʱ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡʱ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!{{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPAlink|s}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|{{IPA link|x}}
| rowspan="2" |{{IPAlink|h}}
|-
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|{{IPA link|z}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɣ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]/[[Tap consonant|Tap]]
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|{{IPAlink|r}}
|{{IPAlink|ɽ}}
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|
|{{IPAlink|rʱ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Approximant]]
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPAlink|ʋ}}
|{{IPAlink|l}}
|{{IPA link|ɭ}}
|{{IPAlink|j}}
|
|
|-
!{{small|[[Breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPA link|ʋʱ}}
|{{IPA link|lʱ}}
|
|{{IPA link|jʱ}}
|
|
|}

* {{IPA|/h/}} can be heard as either voiceless {{IPA|[h]}} or voiced {{IPA|[ɦ]}} across dialects.
* The {{IPA|/q/}} of Urdu is merged with {{IPA|/x/}}.

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" |[[High vowel|High]]
|{{IPAlink|iː}}
|
|{{IPAlink|uː}}
|-
|{{IPA link|ɪ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʊ}}
|- align="center"
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPAlink|e}}
|{{IPA link|ə}}
|{{IPAlink|o}}
|- align="center"
![[Low vowel|Low]]
|
| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|aː}}
|}

* {{IPA|/e, o/}} can have lax allophones of {{IPA|[ɛ, ɔ]}} when preceding consonants in medial position.
* Diphthong sounds include {{IPA|/əi, əe, əu, əo/}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mustafa |first=Khateeb S. |title=A descriptive study of Dakhni Urdu as spoken in the Chittoor District, A. P. |publisher=Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University |year=1985}}</ref>
* {{IPA|/əi/}} can be heard as {{IPA|[æ]}} after {{IPA|/h/}}.
* {{IPA|/əu/}} can be heard as {{IPA|[ɔː]}} in initial positions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schmidt |first=Ruth L. |title=Dakhini Urdu : history and structure |publisher=Bahri, New Delhi |year=1981}}</ref>

==Modern era==
[[File:Deccani Urdu speaking areas by concentration.png|thumb|Areas where Deccani is spoken.]]The term Deccani today is given to a Hindustani lect spoken natively by many Muslims from Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra (who are known as the [[Deccanis]]). It is considered to be the modern, spoken variety of the ''historical'' Deccani, and inherits many features from it. The demise of the literary tradition has meant that Deccani uses standard Urdu as its formal [[Register (sociolinguistics)|register]] (i.e. for writing, news, education etc).{{Sfn|Matthews|1976|pp=221–222}}

=== Geographical distribution ===
Deccani is spoken in many urban areas of the Deccan region, especially those with large Muslim populations such as [[Mumbai]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Bangalore]], [[Aurangabad]], [[Bijapur]], [[Amravati]], [[Gulbarga]], and [[Mysore]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Masica|first=Colin P.|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1993|pages=22 & 426}}</ref> In addition to members of the [[Deccanis|Deccani]] community, some Hindu [[Rajput]]s and [[Maratha]]s in the Deccan speak Deccani as well.<ref name="phonology"/>

=== Features ===
Deccani retains some features of medieval Hindustani that have disappeared in contemporary Hindi-Urdu. It is also distinguished by grammar and vocabulary influences from Marathi, Kannada, and Telugu, due to its prolonged use as a ''lingua franca'' in the Deccan.{{Sfn|Matthews|1976|pp=221–222}} Below is a non-exhaustive list of its unique features, with standard Urdu equivalents:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Deccani
!Standard Urdu equivalent
!Notes
|
|-
|''mai, tu'' (southern dialects)
|''ma͠i, tū''
|First and second person singular pronouns
|-
|''hame, tume'' (southern dialects)
|''ham, āp''
|First and second person plural pronouns
|-
|''kane, kan''
|''pās''
|Possessive marker
|- (both are used in Deccani Urdu)
|''un, in, une, ine''
|''us, is''
|Third person singular pronouns
|-
|''uno, uno logã, unõ''
|''un, un lōg, woh log''
|Third person plural pronouns
|-
|"sabaan"(southern dialects)
|"kal"
| For the word "tomorrow", northern dialects use the same word as Standard Urdu
|-
|''mer(e)kū, ter(e)kū'' (northern dialects)
|''mujhe, tujhe''
|First and second person possessive pronouns often used with [[postpositions]] (''mera'' + ''ku'', ''tera'' + ''ku'')
|-
|suffix -''ã'' [ãː] (''logã'', ''mardã'')
| -''õ'', -''ẽ''
|Plural marker
|-
|''ap(p)an''
|''āp lōg''
|Third person plural pronoun, often used in first person as well
|-
|suffix -''ich'' [it͡ʃʰ] (''mai idharich hũ'')
|''hī'' (''mẽ idhar hī hũ'')
|Emphasis marker, Matthews comments that this is "probably from Marathi"{{Sfn|Matthews|1976|p=74}}
|-
|''kaiku, ki''
|''kyũ''
|'why'
|-
|''po'' (southern dialects)
|''par, pē''
|'on' or 'at' (postposition)
|-
|suffix -''ĩgā'' (''kal jaĩgā, ab karĩgā'')
| -''ẽge'' (''kal jāyẽge, ab karẽge'')
|Plural future tense marker
|-
|''sangāt''
|''ke sātʰ''
|'with', both are used in Deccani
|-
|''nakko''
|''mat/na'' (imperative), ''nahĩ cāhiye'' (first person negative)
|From Marathi{{Sfn|Matthews|1976|p=215}}
|-
|''kate''
|''lagta hē''
|'it seems' or 'apparently'
|-
|''sō''
|''sō''
|Common to Deccani and Urdu but largely restricted to classic literature and rarely used in the standard spoken registers of the latter
Still commonly used in Deccani, roughly meaning 'that', 'which', or 'hence'
|-
|suffix -''ko'' (''jāko, dʰōko, āko'')
|suffix -''kē'' or -''kar'' (''jākē/jākar, dʰōkē/dʰōkar/, ākē/ākar'')
|Conjunctive participle, all three are used in Deccani
|-
|''kh'' ({{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq| [[خ]] }}}}) [x/χ]
|({{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq| [[ق]] }}}}) [q]
|Deccani speakers have fully merged ''q'' with ''kh''
|-
|''ai'' {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq| (ـَے‬) }}}} [aɪ], ''au'' {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq| (ـَو) }}}} [aʊ] (southern dialects)
|''ai'' {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq| (ـَے‬) }}}} [əe~ɛː], ''au'' {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq| (ـَو) }}}} [ɔː]
|Southern dialects of Deccani preserve diphthongs where northern dialects and standard Urdu have shifted to open-mid vowels
|-
! colspan="3" |Sources:{{Sfn|Matthews|1976|p=222-224}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin P. |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |isbn=9780521299442 |page=413}}</ref>
|}

These features are used to different degrees among speakers, as there tends to be regional variation. Mustafa names some varieties of Deccani as "Telugu Dakkhni, Kannada Dakkhni, and Tamil Dakkhni", based on their influence from the dominant [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian language]] in the spoken region. He further divides Telugu Deccani into two linguistic categories, corresponding to Andhra Pradesh, which he says has more Telugu influence; and Telangana, with more influence from standard Urdu. The latter is seen especially in Hyderabad.{{Sfn|Mustafa|2008|p=186}}

Deccani's use of Urdu as a standard register, and contact with Hindustani (widespread in India), has led to some of its distinctive features disappearing.{{Sfn|Matthews|1976|p=179}}

=== Culture ===
Deccani finds a cultural core in and around Hyderabad. Deccani in Hyderabad has found a vehicle of expression through humour and wit, which manifests in events called "[[Mazahiya Mushaira]]", poetic symposiums with comedic themes.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=R.S.|title=A Tentative Paradigm for the Study of Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad City|work=Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad|publisher=Routledge|year=2018|isbn=9781351393997|editor-last=Azam|editor-first=Kousar J|pages=32–33}}</ref> An example of Deccani, spoken in such a context at Hyderabad:

{{Verse translation|buzdil hai woh jo jīte jī marne se ḍar gayā
ek mai-ich thā jo kām hī kuch aur kar gayā
jab maut āko mereku karne lagī salām
maĩ walaikum salām bola aur mar gayā.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghouse Khamakhan (Part 1): Dakhani Mazahiya Mushaira|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt8JEyT-BBs&t=761s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Nt8JEyT-BBs| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|website=YouTube| date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Siasat Daily}}{{cbignore}}</ref>|It's a coward who fears death while still alive,
It was but me who did something different altogether
When Death came to me and said "[[salam]]",
I said "walaikum salam" and died<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Tongue Tied: The Story of Dakhani|url=http://dakhani.com/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406070656/http://dakhani.com/|archive-date=6 April 2009|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref>|attr1=[[Ghouse Khamakha]]}}

Additionally, the [[Deccani film industry]] (also called Dollywood) is based in Hyderabad and produces movies in Deccani, especially the Hyderabadi dialect.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mumtaz|first=Roase|title=Deccanwood: An Indian film industry taking on Bollywood|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/06/deccanwood-indian-film-industry-bollywood-160623102912455.html|access-date=2018-02-23|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
===Urdu===
Deccani is often considered a predecessor of Urdu. The Deccani literary tradition is largely responsible for the development of modern Urdu since contact with southern poets led to a shift in northern tastes and the development of Urdu as a literary language.<ref name=":0" /> Deccani also imparted the practice of writing the local vernacular in the Perso-Arabic script, which eventually became the standard practice for Urdu all over the Indian subcontinent.{{sfn|Dua|2012|pp=383–384}}

=== Dakshina Hindi ===
Deccani is often associated with Dakshina Hindi, a dialect of [[Hindi|Modern Standard Hindi]], used in [[South India]]. Just like Urdu, Deccani also contributed to the growth of Dakshina Hindi dialect and many of the core loanwords of Deccani are incorporated into Dakshina Hindi, with more [[Prakrit language|Prakrit]] influence in it, instead of [[Persian language|Persian]]. Dakshina Hindi is the most used Hindi / [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] dialect in South India, mainly in the states of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. Dakshina Hindi is further divided into many varieties with Kerala Hindi and Madrasi Hindi being the most used in them.

==See also==
* [[Hyderabadi Urdu]]
* [[Urdu in Aurangabad]]
* [[Nawayath]]i ([[Kumta]], [[Honnavar]], [[Bhatkal]])
* [[Dakhini Muslims|Deccani Muslims]]
* [[Deccani film industry]]
* [[Deccani Marathi]], a dialect of [[Marathi-Konkani languages|Marathi-Konkani]] which goes by the same name

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |first=Hans R. |last=Dua |chapter=Hindi-Urdu as a pluricentric language |editor=Michael Clyne |title=Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ieMgAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA383 |year=2012 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-088814-0}}
* {{citation |title=From Hindi to Urdu: A Social and Political History |last=Rahman |first=Tariq |author-link=Tariq Rahman |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-906313-0 |url=http://www.tariqrahman.net/content/hindiurdu1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010094507/http://www.tariqrahman.net/content/hindiurdu1.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2014}}
*{{Citation|last=Mustafa|first=K.S|title=Dakkhni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9WroLC__7EUC|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of the Linguistic Sciences: Issues and Theories|pages=185–186|year=2008|editor-last=Prakāśaṃ|editor-first=Vennelakaṇṭi|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-1139465502}}
*{{Citation|last1=Shaheen|first1=Shagufta|title=The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī|work=Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad|year=2018|editor-last=Azam|editor-first=Kousar J|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781351393997|last2=Shahid|first2=Sajjad}}
*{{Citation|last1=Sharma |first1=Ram |title=दक्खिनी हिन्दी का उद्भव और विकास |date=1964 |publisher=Hindi Sahitya Sammelan |location=Allahabad |language=Hindi|url=https://ia904705.us.archive.org/8/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.478985/2015.478985.Dakhini-Hindi.pdf}}
*{{Cite thesis|last=Matthews|first=David J.|title=Dakani Language and Literature|date=1976|publisher=SOAS University of London|url=https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.465269|url-access=registration}}

==Further reading==
* {{EI3|last=Gricourt|first=Marguerite|year=2015|title=Dakhinī Urdū|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/dakhini-urdu-COM_27709?s.num=64&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.start=60&s.q=dynasty+india}}
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42930498?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A4d3399e813fe25bb6d2bf75052ff5a77&seq=10#page_scan_tab_contents Urban culture of Medieval Deccan (1300 AD–1650 AD)]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42930820?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A64c0dabb15b84e8cd023730ef1f04f34#metadata_info_tab_contents Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Volume 22 (1963)]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/601736?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Ae461417d67ed961249b3babd2d60f376&seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents Deccani Painting by Mark Zebrowski]
*{{cite journal|title=The Arabian Poets of Golconda|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/arabian-poets-of-golconda-by-m-a-muid-khan-university-of-bombay-pp163-1963-rs-750/C1B451DD9F712B952C35F99C543BFAE3|author=Mohammed Abdul Muid Khan|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |year=1963|volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=137–138 |publisher=Bombay University|doi=10.1017/S0035869X00123299 |s2cid=163860407 |url-access=subscription }}
{{Urdu topics}}

{{Central Indo-Aryan languages}}

[[Category:Culture of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Dialects of Urdu]]
[[Category:Urdu in India]]
[[Category:Languages of Telangana]]
[[Category:Central Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Deccan sultanates]]
[[Category:Deccan Plateau]]

Mandula Samuel

2026-03-22T19:51:26Z

Animesh: Adding Basic Details Basic Info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
[[File:Mandula_Samuel.jpg | thumb | right | alt=Mandula Samuel | Mandula Samuel]]
'''Mandula Samuel''' (born 14 July 1961) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]] state. He is an MLA from [[Thungathurthi Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for SC community [[Suryapet district]]. He represents [[Indian National Congress]] Party and won the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=ఉత్కంఠకు తెర.. కాంగ్రెస్‌ అభ్యర్థులు వీరే.. {{!}} |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/districts/Nalgonda/534/123208439 |access-date=2024-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110081427/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/districts/Nalgonda/534/123208439 |archive-date=10 November 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=Telangana Assembly {{!}} ప్ర‌మాణ స్వీకారం చేసిన 101 మంది ఎమ్మెల్యేలు-Namasthe Telangana |url=https://www.ntnews.com/telangana/new-mlas-take-oath-as-mlas-in-telangana-assembly-1378944 |access-date=2024-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220182242/https://www.ntnews.com/telangana/new-mlas-take-oath-as-mlas-in-telangana-assembly-1378944 |archive-date=20 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Thungathurthi Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: INC's Mandula Samel defeats BRS's Gadari Kishore Kumar with 51094 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/thungathurthi-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2471009-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Samuel was born to Mandula Ramaiah in Dharmaram village, Addagudur mandal, [[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district]]. He has three children, Vennela, Surya Kiran and Bhanu Kiran.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mandula Samel(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- THUNGATHURTHI (SC)(SURYAPET) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Telangana2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=320 |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He did his intermediate, the pre university course, in 1980 at Government College Bhonagiri, Yadadri Bhonagiri district.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Samuel was with [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] right from its founding days in 2001. From 2005 to 2014, he headed the SC cell of TRS. In 2008 when Thungathurthi was declared as an SC reserved seat, he was nominated to contest from this seat but due to the alliance it was given to [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]], in the seat sharing arrangement. He was made the chairman of the Telangana State Warehousing Corporation from 2016 to 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ABN |date=2020-07-16 |title=గిడ్డంగుల సంస్థ చైర్మన్‌ పదవీ కాలం పొడిగింపు |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/2020/telangana/extension-of-tenure-of-the-chairman-110057.html |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=Andhrajyothy Telugu News |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2020-01-21 |title=TRS leader Mandula Samuel campaigns in Boduppal |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/trs-leader-mandula-samuel-campaigns-in-boduppal-598636 |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> After he was rejected the MLA seat on multiple occasions, he joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=కాంగ్రెస్‌ పార్టీలో చేరిన మందుల సామేల్‌ {{!}} - - Sakshi |url=https://m.sakshi.com/telugu-news/suryapet/1780038 |access-date=2024-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110084929/https://m.sakshi.com/telugu-news/suryapet/1780038 |archive-date=10 November 2023 }}</ref> He was declared as the MLA candidate and he won the [[Thungathurthi Assembly constituency]] defeating [[Gadari Kishore]] of [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]] by a margin of 51,094 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=వచ్చేస్తున్నాం..అధ్యక్షా.. {{!}} |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/districts/Nalgonda/534/123224924 |access-date=2024-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204155427/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/districts/Nalgonda/534/123224924 |archive-date=4 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=Telangana Assembly Elections Results 2023: Check full and final list of winners here |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telangana-assembly-elections-result-2023-who-won-it-for-congress-brs-and-others-complete-list-of-leading-candidates/articleshow/105701666.cms |access-date=2024-07-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel, Mandula}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]

Jorhat

2026-03-15T11:04:38Z

Animesh: improved article

{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Jorhat district}}
{{lead too short|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jorhat
| native_name = 
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| space = 2
| total_width = 250
| perrow = 1/2/2/1

| image1 = Tarun Ram Phukan Road Jorhat.jpg
| image4 = Chandrakanta Handique Bhawan.JPG
| image2 = Su-Ka-Pha Samannay Khetra, Jorhat, Assam.jpg
| image3 =Jorhat Govt. Boys' Higher Secondary and Multi-Purpose School.jpg
| image5 =Jorhat Baruah Chariali.jpg

| footer_align = center
| footer = ''From top, then left to right'':
TRP Road, Su-Ka-Pha Samannay Khetra, Jorhat Govt. Boys' Higher Secondary and Multi-Purpose School, Asam Sahitya Sabha headquarters, Night view of Baruah Chariali
}}
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = The Cultural Capital of Assam
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = centre
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26.75|N|94.22|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type4 = Zone
| subdivision_type5 = No. Of Wards
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Upper Assam]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jorhat District|Jorhat]]
| subdivision_name4 = 3 (Central, East & West)
| subdivision_name5 = 19
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1909
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body = [[Jorhat Municipal Board]]
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = District Commissioner
| leader_name2 = Sri Jay Shivani, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title3 = Superintendent Of Police
| leader_name3 = Sri Subhrajyoti Bora, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite report|author=Ministry of Home Affairs ''Directorate of Census Operations, Assam''|author-link=2011 Census of India|year=2011|title=1813 Part B District Census Handbook (DCHB) Jorhat|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1813_PART_B_DCHB_JORHAT.pdf|publisher=Census of India 2011|edition=PART XII-B|location=Assam|section=District Primary: District Primary Census Abstract ''0117 Jorhat: Urban''|page=24|docket=1813|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123145706/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1813_PART_B_DCHB_JORHAT.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="jorhatonline.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.jorhatonline.in/city-guide/jorhat-municipal-board|title=Jorhat Municipal Board, Functions of Jorhat Municipality}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 72.8
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 116
| population_total = 126,736
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Jorhatian
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 7850XX
| area_code = 0376
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = AS-03
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex Ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 951 [[Female|♀️]]/ 1000 [[Male|♂️]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = {{nowrap|[[Official Language]]}}
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Assamese Language|Assamese]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy Rate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 90.01% {{colour|#fc5|high}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jorhat]]
| blank3_name_sec2 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] Constituency
| blank3_info_sec2 = Jorhat, [[Titabar]], [[Mariani, Jorhat|Mariani]], [[Teok]]
| website = {{URL|https://jorhat.assam.gov.in/}}
| official_name = Jorhat
}}
'''Jorhat''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɔːr|h|ɑ:|t|audio=Jorhat_Pronunciation.wav}} {{respell|JOR|haht}}/{{IPA|as|zʊ(ɹ).ɦat|lang|}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Assam]], located 300 km east of state capital [[Dispur]]. It is the administrative headquarters of the [[Jorhat district|Jorhat District]]. Jorhat is also the home to [[Asia]]'s oldest [[golf course]] the [[Jorhat Gymkhana Club]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jorhat Gymkhana Club {{!}} Jorhat District {{!}} Government Of Assam, India |url=https://jorhat.assam.gov.in/tourist-place-detail/273 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250424171629/https://jorhat.assam.gov.in/tourist-place-detail/273 |archive-date=2025-04-24 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=jorhat.assam.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> Located on the banks of the [[Bhogdoi River]], Jorhat continues to be amongst the fastest growing urban centers in the state of Assam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Place Jorhat {{!}} Jorhat District {{!}} Government Of Assam, India |url=https://jorhat.assam.gov.in/about-us/about-place-jorhat |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250424113822/https://jorhat.assam.gov.in/about-us/about-place-jorhat |archive-date=2025-04-24 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=jorhat.assam.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Task Force on Agricultural Development of Assam |url=http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Assam-reports.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210717100623/http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Assam-reports.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-17 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=niti.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/assam/parliamentary-constituencies/jorhat.html|title = Jorhat Lok Sabha Election Results 2019- Jorhat Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/Master-Plan-Solar-City/Jorhat_solar_city_master_plan.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=15 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215164956/http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/Master-Plan-Solar-City/Jorhat_solar_city_master_plan.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Etymology==
Jorhat ("jor" means twin and "hat" means market) means two hats or mandis - "Masorhaat" and "Sowkihat" which existed on the opposite banks of the [[Bhogdoi River|Bhugdoi]] river.

== History ==
{{See also|Timeline of Jorhat}}
{{Main|Colonial Assam}}

===Under Konbaung empire===
{{Main article|Konbaung dynasty}}
[[File:Statute of Maha Bandula.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Maha Bandula]] who led the [[Royal Burmese armed forces|Burmese forces]] to Jorhat]]
The town was occupied by the Burmese [[Konbaung dynasty]] between 1817 - 1825. The Burmese left the commander Mingimaha Tilwa in charge of the area who appointed [[Jogeswar Singha]] as the new puppet King in 1821 in Jorhat.<ref>"Meanwhile the Burmese king Badawpaya died in May 1819 leaving his grandson Bagidaw to the throne of Burma. Bagidawa desired that Assam be a permanent part of Burmese empire. Hence in 1821 Tilwa who had since returned to Burma was sent back to reclaim Assam. Tilwa occupied places like Jorhat and set up Jogeshwar Singha as the new King of Assam. With this the Burmese became the de facto ruler of the country."{{harvcol|Nag|2018|pp=13–14}}</ref> Later when the deposed king [[Chandrakanta Singha]] tried to fight back, [[Bagyidaw]] (1819 – 1837), the seventh King of Burma sent the greatest of his generals [[Maha Bandula|Mingimaha Bandula]] with 20,000 troops<ref name="harvcol|Nag|2018|pp=13–14">{{harvcol|Nag|2018|pp=13–14}}</ref> (including 10,000 [[Khamti people|Kamti]] [[Shan States|Shan]] and [[Jingpo people|Kachin]] [[Feudal levies|levies]] who were chieftains of [[Mongkawng]] and [[Hukawng Valley|Hukawng]]) who defeated Chandrakanta Singha at Mahgarh near Jorhat and reestablished Burmese authority in Assam. The defeat of Chandrakanta on 12 June 1822 marks the start of the Burmese rule in Assam.<ref>"When the deposed king Chandra kanta tried to fight back Bagidaw sent the greatest of his generals Mingimaha Bandula to reestablish Burmese authority in Assam. The defeat of Chandrakanta on June 12, 1822 marked the end of Ahom rule in Assam."{{harvcol|Nag|2018|p=14}}</ref> and Burmese commander Mingimaha Tilwa was made the king. Maha Bandula then returned to [[Inwa|Ava]] in [[Burma|Myanmar]].

===Under British Empire===
In 1885, a narrow-gauge railway, [[Jorehaut Provincial Railway]], became operational. In time, this contributed to the rapid growth of the tea industry around the whole region.

== Geography ==
Jorhat is located at {{Coord|26.75|N|94.22|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|116|m|ft|abbr=off}}.

The municipality covers an area of {{convert|72.8|km2}},<ref name="jorhatonline.in" /> has 19 wards with a population of 71,398 as per 2011 census.The district spreads over {{Convert|2859|km2|}} and had a population of 870,000 according to a 1991 census. Population density at that time was {{Convert|306|/km2|4=persons|adj=pre|5=0}}. The sex ratio is 913 (913 females per 1000 males).

== Climate ==
{{Weather box
| location = Jorhat (1991–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 29.6
| Feb record high C = 32.7
| Mar record high C = 35.3
| Apr record high C = 40.0
| May record high C = 37.8
| Jun record high C = 37.3
| Jul record high C = 38.5
| Aug record high C = 37.5
| Sep record high C = 39.6
| Oct record high C = 36.0
| Nov record high C = 34.4
| Dec record high C = 29.7
| year record high C =
| Jan high C = 23.6
| Feb high C = 25.8
| Mar high C = 27.8
| Apr high C = 28.8
| May high C = 30.1
| Jun high C = 32.2
| Jul high C = 32.6
| Aug high C = 33.0
| Sep high C = 32.2
| Oct high C = 30.6
| Nov high C = 27.8
| Dec high C = 24.6
| year high C = 29.1
| Jan low C = 9.9
| Feb low C = 12.4
| Mar low C = 16.0
| Apr low C = 19.4
| May low C = 22.3
| Jun low C = 25.1
| Jul low C = 25.6
| Aug low C = 25.7
| Sep low C = 25.0
| Oct low C = 22.1
| Nov low C = 15.7
| Dec low C = 11.4
| year low C = 19.1
| Jan record low C = 4.4
| Feb record low C = 5.6
| Mar record low C = 8.9
| Apr record low C = 13.0
| May record low C = 15.4
| Jun record low C = 19.1
| Jul record low C = 21.0
| Aug record low C = 20.2
| Sep record low C = 18.2
| Oct record low C = 15.6
| Nov record low C = 9.4
| Dec record low C = 5.0
| year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 8.1
| Feb rain mm = 23.3
| Mar rain mm = 62.4
| Apr rain mm = 177.2
| May rain mm = 280.9
| Jun rain mm = 309.6
| Jul rain mm = 396.0
| Aug rain mm = 287.3
| Sep rain mm = 246.1
| Oct rain mm = 102.4
| Nov rain mm = 11.1
| Dec rain mm = 17.4
| year rain mm = 1921.7
| Jan rain days = 1.1
| Feb rain days = 2.5
| Mar rain days = 5.5
| Apr rain days = 11.0
| May rain days = 14.3
| Jun rain days = 15.4
| Jul rain days = 17.3
| Aug rain days = 15.0
| Sep rain days = 13.5
| Oct rain days = 5.6
| Nov rain days = 1.5
| Dec rain days = 1.4
| year rain days = 104.2
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 82
| Feb humidity = 71
| Mar humidity = 68
| Apr humidity = 74
| May humidity = 78
| Jun humidity = 79
| Jul humidity = 78
| Aug humidity = 79
| Sep humidity = 84
| Oct humidity = 85
| Nov humidity = 85
| Dec humidity = 85
| year humidity = 79
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = 8 April 2024
| archive-date = 10 November 2024
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241110020508/https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Jorhat City
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|87.49}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|green|10.50}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Red|0.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|orange|0.32}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|yellow|0.32}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.30}}
}}
Jorhat Municipal Board (covering the [[List of cities in Assam by population|out growth area]]) had a population of 200,000+ by the mid-2020s..<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook Jorhat |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/18/1813_PART_A_DCHB_JORHAT.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308151022/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/18/1813_PART_A_DCHB_JORHAT.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

The average literacy rate of Jorhat in 2011 was 91.39%. Gender-wise, male and female literacy were 93.63% and 88.99% respectively, which is one of the highest in the state.

Jorhat's sex ratio stood at 935 females per 1000 males, according to the Census 2011 Directorate.

Hindus were 87.49% of the population, while Muslims were 10.50% and Christians 0.62% of the population respectively.<ref name="Religion2">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=C-16 Population By Religion - Assam |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403193704/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live }}</ref>

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are 6.40% and 1.84% of the population respectively.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=District Census 2011 - Jorhat |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/18/1813_PART_A_DCHB_JORHAT.pdf |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308151022/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/18/1813_PART_A_DCHB_JORHAT.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Jorhat (2011)
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 70.09 |color1 = purple
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 12.27 |color2 = red
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 11.60 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value4 = 1.01 |color4 = gold
|label5 = [[Nagpuri language|Sadri]] |value5 = 0.38 |color5 = Green
|label6 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value6 = 0.33 |color6 = blue
|label7 = Others |value7 = 4.32 |color7 = silver
}}
[[Assamese language|Assamese]] is the predominant language and is spoken by 70.08% of the population, while [[Bengali language|Bengali]] was spoken by 12.27%. [[Hindi]] (11.60%) and [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] (1.01%) are spoken by migrants from the Gangetic plains, such as traders and labourers. Ethnic languages like [[Mising language|Mising]] and [[Deori language|Deori]] are also spoken by the respective ethnicity. Other small languages in the city include [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Sadri language|Sadri]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Sora language|Sora]] and [[Odia language|Odia]] which in total are spoken by 5.04% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Town Level |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16_Town.html |access-date= |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220809/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16_Town.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Culture ==
Jorhat has rich contributions in the fields of arts, culture and tradition of the contemporary Assamese society. In 1896, [[Jorhat Theatre]] was established to perform cultural activities and dramas by some renowned people of the town. The Chandrakanta Handique Bhawan, the headquarters of [[Asam Sahitya Sabha]] was established in 1926. Jorhat has produced creative writers, historians and journalists. [[Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya]], the first Assamese to win India's highest literature award, the [[Jnanpith Award]], was from Jorhat.<ref>"Bhattacharya, Birendrakumar" in Amaresh Datta, ed., ''Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 1'' (Sahitya Akademi, 1987), {{ISBN|978-81-260-1803-1}}, p. 482 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC excerpt available] at [[Google Books]]).</ref>

== Media ==
In 1935, the first Assamese daily newspaper ''Dainik Batori'' was published from Jorhat by Raibahadur [[Siva Prasad Barooah]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.assams.info/answers/first-assamese-daily-newspaper| title=What was the First Assamese Daily Newspaper?|access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/story/explore-the-unexplored-thangal-manor-in-jorhat-261221-2015-09-04 | title=Thangal Manor in Jorhat, Assam is worth a visit|date= 4 September 2015|access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref> The daily newspapers which have Jorhat editions include {{Lang|as-latn|[[Dainik Janambhumi]]}}, {{Lang|as-latn|[[Amar Asom]]}}, ''[[Dainik Agradoot]]'' and {{Lang|as-latn|[[Asomiya Khabar]]}} in [[Assamese language|Assamese]], the ''Purbanchal Prohori'' in Hindi and ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'' in English. ''The Eastern Clarion'' was the first English daily published from the city, but it was ceased. Besides the dailies, a weekly newspaper ''Saptahik Janambhumi'' is also published from Jorhat. ''City Guide of Jorhat'' was the first yellow pages, published in July 1987. Jorhat has a radio broadcast station of [[All India Radio]] (AIR) located on the outskirts of the city at Garmur.

== District Court ==
[[File:Jorhat Court Image.jpg|thumb|District & Sessions Judge Court, Jorhat]]
The District & Sessions Judge of [[Upper Assam]] District, Jorhat, was established on November 15, 1948, and became permanent on April 1, 1953. The first District & Sessions Judge of Assam Valley, Upper Assam Districts, Jorhat, was Mr. S.K. Das, M.A., B.L. Currently, the district's territorial jurisdiction extends over two sub-divisions: Majuli Sub-Division and Titabar Sub-Division. Altogether, the District & Sessions Judge and the Chief Judicial Magistrate comprise 15 courts staffed by Judicial Officers of various grades. The District & Sessions Judge together with the Chief Judicial Magistrate Court Complex, Jorhat is situated in the heart of the city. The Present District & Sessions Judge as the head of the establishment is Smti. Bornali Mahanta. The present Chief Judicial Magistrate, Jorhat, the head of all the Criminal Courts is Sri Dhiraj Kumar Kalita.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jorhat.courtrecruitment.com/ |title=Jorhat Court Recruitment}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/jorhat/ |title=Jorhat District & Sessions Court |access-date=23 July 2020 |archive-date=23 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723054758/https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/jorhat/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Transport ==

===Air===
The [[Jorhat Airport]], commonly known as Rowriah Airport, is located at Rowriah, a suburb of Jorhat, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the city centre.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.goindigo.in/airport-directory/india/jorhat-jrh.html| title=Jorhat Airport (JRH) or Rowriah Airport| website=goindigo.in| access-date=21 March 2024| archive-date=21 March 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321064951/https://www.goindigo.in/airport-directory/india/jorhat-jrh.html| url-status=live}}</ref> The airport has flight connectivity to [[Kolkata]] and [[Delhi]] operated by [[IndiGo]]. It is controlled by the [[Airports Authority of India]].

=== Rail ===
The first rail connectivity of Jorhat began during British era in 1885, when [[Jorehaut Provincial Railway]], a narrow-gauge railway services became operational.

Jorhat is served by [[Jorhat Town railway station]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/2162#st| title=JTTN/Jorhat Town| website=India Rail Info| access-date=9 June 2021| archive-date=9 June 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609122131/https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/2162#st| url-status=live}}</ref> which lies on the Furkating-Jorhat-Mariani branch line of [[Tinsukia railway division]]. [[Mariani Junction railway station]],<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/blog/mariani-junction-mxn/683| title=MXN/Mariani Junction| website=India Rail Info| access-date=9 June 2021| archive-date=9 June 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609122132/https://indiarailinfo.com/station/blog/mariani-junction-mxn/683| url-status=live}}</ref> the major railway junction of the district is about {{Convert|18|km||abbr=on}} from Jorhat. It falls in the [[Lumding-Dibrugarh section]] and is well connected to all the large cities of the country by long-distance express trains.

=== Road ===
The [[Inter State Bus Terminals|Inter State Bus Terminus]] (ISBT) of Jorhat is at Kotoki Pukhuri, Tarajan. It operates daily bus services from [[Assam State Transport Corporation|ASTC]] and private operators to other towns and cities in the state and few destinations of the [[Northeast India|Northeast]]. [[Auto-rickshaw]]s, local cabs and [[rickshaw]]s are the main mode of public transport within the city.

=== Water ===
The daily ferry services connect the Nimati ghat with Kamalabari and Aphalamukh in [[Majuli]].
The ''Neamati multimodal waterways terminal'' on [[Brahmaputra]] [[National Waterway 2]] in Jorhat district is part of the [[Bharatmala]] and [[Sagarmala]] projects.<ref name=mala1>{{Cite web |url=http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf |title=Bharatmala presentation |access-date=26 December 2017 |archive-date=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127194948/http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Education and research institutions ==
=== Research institutes ===
[[File:Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat.JPG|200px|thumb|Main entrance of Rain Forest Research Institute]]
* [[North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat]] (N.E.I.S.T.) (formerly R.R.L., Jorhat)<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=1 January 2004 |title=Welcome NEIST |url=http://www.rrljorhat.res.in/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210042739/http://www.rrljorhat.res.in/ |archive-date=10 December 2007 |access-date=17 August 2012 |publisher=Rrljorhat.res.in}}</ref> under CSIR, Dept. of Science & Technology, Govt. of India
* [[Rain Forest Research Institute]] (R.F.R.I.), Jorhat under I.C.F.R.E., Min. of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India
* [[Tocklai Tea Research Institute]], Tea Research Association (T.R.A.) Tocklai<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tocklai.net|title=Tocklai|work=tocklai.net}}</ref> under Tea Research Association, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India
* [[Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute]], Lahdoigarh, under [[Central Silk Board]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmerti.res.in/|title=Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute (C.M.E.R. & T.I.) Lahdoigarh, Jorhat Assam|work=cmerti.res.in|access-date=18 November 2015|archive-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119000716/http://www.cmerti.res.in/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* College of Sericulture, under [[Assam Agriculture University]]
* Indian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute, Jorhat<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcamin.nic.in/dfpd_html/sgc/IGMRI_Jorhat.htm|title=Particulars of I.G.M.R.I.(FS), Jorhat, its functions and duties.|website=Indian Grain Storage and Research Institute, Jorhat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113183754/http://fcamin.nic.in/dfpd_html/sgc/IGMRI_Jorhat.htm|archive-date=13 January 2008|access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>
* Institute of Biotechnology & Geotectonics Studies (INBIGS),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ongcindia.com/inbigs.asp |title=ONGC :: Our Initiatives :: Institutes :: I.N.B.I.G.S. |publisher=Ongcindia.com |access-date=17 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828201907/http://www.ongcindia.com/inbigs.asp |archive-date=28 August 2012 }}</ref> ONGC<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ongcindia.com/ |title=ONGC ::Bilingual-Home |publisher=Ongcindia.com |access-date=17 August 2012 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927183906/https://www.ongcindia.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Complex, Cinnamara, Jorhat - 785008

=== Universities ===
[[File:Assam Agriculture University.jpg|thumb|Main entrance of Assam Agricultural University]]
* [[Assam Agricultural University]] (A.A.U.), under Government of Assam
* [[Assam Women's University]], under Government of Assam
* [[Jagannath Barooah University]]
* [[Kaziranga University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kazirangauniversity.in/|title=Kaziranga University : A 21st Century Career University with a focus on research in emerging areas of Science, Technology and Management.|work=kazirangauniversity.in|access-date=9 January 2012|archive-date=3 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103005719/http://kazirangauniversity.in/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Technical institutes ===
[[File:Jorhat institute of science and technology.png|thumb|Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology]]
* [[HRH The Prince of Wales Institute of Engineering and Technology]]
* [[Jorhat Engineering College]], Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Assam
* [[Jorhat Institute of Science & Technology]], formerly Science College, Jorhat, Government of Assam<ref name="jistassam.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.jistassam.in|title=Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology|work=jistassam.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128110106/http://www.jistassam.in/|archive-date=28 January 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=6 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[Kaziranga University]], Mohbondha, Jorhat
* [[North East Institute of Management Science]], (opposite the N.E.I.S.T.), Jorhat<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.neimscollege.com/|title=About NEIMS |website=neimscollege.com|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref>

=== Design institute ===
* [[National Institute of Design, Jorhat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nidj.ac.in/|title= NID Assam (Jorhat)|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref>

=== Medical institutes ===
* [[Jorhat Medical College and Hospital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jmch.org.in |title=Welcome to Jorhat Medical college |last=Webx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322203954/http://jmch.org.in/ |archive-date=22 March 2010 }}</ref> under the State Government of Assam
* [[Medical Institute Jorhat]], under the Government of Assam.
* Dr. J.K. Saikia Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Jorhat<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hmcjorhat.in/ |title=Dr. Jiba Kanta Saikia Homoeopathic Medical college and hospital |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928220133/https://hmcjorhat.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Training institute===

* Institute of Advanced Studies in Education, Jorhat <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iasejorhat.in/ |title=Institute of Advanced Studies in Education, Jorhat|access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>

=== Colleges ===
[[File:JB College Jorhat.jpg|thumb|Jagannath Barooah College]]
* [[Bahona College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bahonacollege.org.in/|title=Welcome to Bahona College|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113424/http://bahonacollege.org.in/|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
* [[CKB Commerce College]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ckbcc.org/v2/index.php/homepage|title=CKB Commerce College|website=ckbcc.org|language=en-gb|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=20 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920100650/http://ckbcc.org/v2/index.php/homepage|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Devicharan Barua Girls' College|D.C.B. Girls College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcbgirlscollegejorhat.org/|title=D.C.B. Girls College, Jorhat, Asssam|work=dcbgirlscollegejorhat.org|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106231811/http://dcbgirlscollegejorhat.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Jorhat College (Amalgamated)|Jorhat College]]<ref>http://www.jorhatcollege.org.in {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709181023/http://www.jorhatcollege.org.in/ |date= 9 July 2010 }}</ref>
* [[Jorhat Institute of Science & Technology]] (formerly Jorhat Science College).<ref name="jistassam.in"/>
* [[Jorhat Kendriya Mahavidyalaya]]
* [[Jorhat Law College]], M.G. Road, Jorhat<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jorhatlawcollege.org|title=Jorhat Law College, Jorhat, Assam, India- BA LLB, LLB, LLM|work=jorhatlawcollege.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221060628/https://www.jorhatlawcollege.org/|archive-date=21 February 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=6 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[Kakojan College]], Kakojan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://assamjobguru.com/about-kakojan-college/ |title=Kakojan College, Kakojan |access-date=5 January 2018 |archive-date=6 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106073517/http://assamjobguru.com/about-kakojan-college/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Dr. Nobin Bordoloi College]], Dhekiajuli<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drnabinbordoloicollege.org/|title=Dr. Nobin Bordoloi College|website=dr.nobinbordoloicollege.com|language=en|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423120422/http://www.drnabinbordoloicollege.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Schools ===
[[File:Dbhss_Baghchung_Jorhat.jpg|thumb|Don Bosco Baghchung Higher Secondary School]]

* [[Assam Rifles Public School, Jorhat]]
* [[Dipankar Vidyapith]]
* [[Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Baghchung]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbsjorhat.org/|title=Don Bosco Hr. Sec. School – Baghchung, Jorhat|work=dbsjorhat.org|access-date=14 March 2008|archive-date=1 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201031851/https://dbsjorhat.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Jorhat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navodaya.gov.in/nvs/nvs-school/JORHAT/hi/about_us/About-JNV/|title=About JNV Jorhat|publisher=navodaya.gov.in|access-date=16 May 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516171407/https://navodaya.gov.in/nvs/nvs-school/JORHAT/hi/about_us/About-JNV/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Jorhat Govt. Boys' H.S and M.P. School
* [[Shemford Futuristic School]], Choladhara<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shemford.com/network/assam/|title=Group|access-date=16 May 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516175916/https://www.shemford.com/network/assam/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Spring Dale High School<ref name="ning.com">http://www.dongme.ning.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409104648/http://dongme.ning.com/ |date= 9 April 2010 }}</ref>
* [[St. Mary's High School, Jorhat]], Rowriah
* Carmel Convent School, Cinnamara <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.educationworld.in/carmel-school-jorhat/|title=Carmel School, Jorhat|date=30 July 2014|access-date=16 May 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516171405/https://www.educationworld.in/carmel-school-jorhat/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Crescent Academy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crescentacademyjorhat.info/|title=Crescent Academy info|access-date=10 June 2023|archive-date=10 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610110032/http://www.crescentacademyjorhat.info/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* Delhi Public School, Jorhat, Sarucharai Gharfalia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dpsjorhat.in/|title=About Delhi Public School Jorhat-Assam|access-date=16 May 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516165903/http://www.dpsjorhat.in/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Excellere Senior Secondary School<ref>{{cite web|url=https://excellere.online/|title=Excellere|access-date=10 June 2023|archive-date=10 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610111244/https://excellere.online/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Kendriya Vidyalaya (Indian Air Force Station),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kvafsjorhat.org |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya, AFS Jorhat |publisher=Kvafsjorhat.org |access-date=17 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001552/http://www.kvafsjorhat.org/ |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref> Jorhat-785005
* Kendriya Vidyalaya, NEIST (RRL),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kvrrljorhat.org/ |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya N E I S T (RR L) Jorhat |publisher=Kvrrljorhat.org |access-date=17 August 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127160111/http://www.kvrrljorhat.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jorhat-785006
* Kendriya Vidyalaya, (ONGC), Cinnamara<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kvongcjorhat.org/ |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya ONGC Jorhat |publisher=Kvongcjorhat.org |access-date=17 August 2012 |archive-date=26 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001551/http://www.kvongcjorhat.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Sankardev Seminary High School<ref>http://www.sankardevseminary.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202092932/http://www.sankardevseminary.org/ |date= 2 February 2014 }}</ref>

== Sports ==
Established in 1950, the multi-purpose [[Jorhat Stadium]] is the oldest stadium of Assam, which is mainly used for [[cricket]] and [[Association football|football]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jorhatonline.in/city-guide/sports-in-jorhat|title=Sports in Jorhat|access-date=7 November 2022|work=jorhatonline.in|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922030815/https://www.jorhatonline.in/city-guide/sports-in-jorhat|url-status=live}}</ref>
It has hosted few [[Ranji Trophy]] matches. The prominent football tournament [[ATPA Shield]] held every year in this venue since 1955. [[Jorhat Town Club]] used the stadium as home ground for their home matches of [[Assam State Premier League]]. Other sporting venues near the stadium include [[Jorhat District Sports Association Ground|JDSA Field]], Kushal Konwar Indoor Stadium, Jorhat Swimming Society and Jorhat Tennis Club.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://103.8.249.73/citizen/424|title=Sports Venues|access-date=17 September 2022|work=assam.gov.in}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The historic sporting venue [[Jorhat Gymkhana Club]] known for the century old annual horse race called Jorhat Races, which began in 1877. It has a golf course and a cricket ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/century-old-jorhat-horse-race-sputters-on/cid/1684557|title=Century-old Jorhat horse race sputters on|access-date=7 May 2023|work=telegraphindia.com|archive-date=7 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507030039/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/century-old-jorhat-horse-race-sputters-on/cid/1684557|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Politics ==
[[File:Gaurav Gogoi 2024.jpg|thumb|Gaurav Gogoi]]
Jorhat is part of [[Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|title=List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies
|access-date=6 October 2008
|work=Assam
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date= 4 May 2006
}}</ref> [[Gaurav Gogoi]], [[Indian National Congress]] is the current Member of Parliament serving the [[18th Lok Sabha|18th]] [[Lok Sabha]] from Jorhat, Assam.

[[File:Hitendranathgoswami.jpg|thumb|Hitendra Nath Goswami]]

[[Hitendra Nath Goswami]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] is the incumbent [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Jorhat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jorhat assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/jorhat.html|title=Jorhat (Assam) Election Results 2016|publisher=Election.in |access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>

== Notable people ==


* [[Hemendra Prasad Barooah]], Tea planter and industrialist
* [[Jagannath Barooah]], Scholar, tea planter, philanthropist
* [[Ranjit Barthakur]], Businessman and chairman of [[Rajasthan Royals]]
* [[Amulya Barua]], Assamese poet
* [[Ananda Chandra Barua]], Assamese poet, dramatist, former president of Asam Sahitya Sabha
* [[Chandradhar Barua]], Assamese poet, playwright, former president of Assam Sahitya Sabha, represented Assam in the Round Table Conference
* [[Joi Barua]], Assamese and Bollywood singer
* [[Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya]], The first [[Jnanpith Award]]-winning Assamese writer
* [[Hiren Bhattacharyya]], Assamese poet
* [[Bijoya Chakravarty]], Former Lok Sabha MP from Guwahati (Born in Jorhat)
* [[Ananda Chandra Dutta]], [[Botanist]]
* [[Zubeen Garg]], Assamese and Bollywood singer
* [[Akhil Gogoi]], Prominent social activist, MLA from Sivasagar
* [[Ganesh Gogoi]], Assamese poet
* [[Tarun Gogoi]], former Chief Minister of Assam.
* [[Gaurav Gogoi]], MP of Jorhat and the current Deputy Leader of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Hitendra Nath Goswami]], Former Speaker of Assam Legislative Assembly, MLA of Jorhat
* [[Rana Goswami]], Former MLA of Jorhat
* [[Jitendra Nath Goswami]], Chief scientist of Chandrayaan -1
* [[Bijoy Krishna Handique]], Former Union Minister
* [[Krishna Kanta Handique]], Sanskrit scholar, [[Indologist]] and philanthropist
* [[Jayanta Nath]], Singer, Composer, Music Director
* [[Jadav Payeng]], The "Forest Man of India"
* [[Prastuti Porasor]], Assamese film actress
* [[Anuradha Sharma Pujari]], Assamese journalist and author
* [[Tim Severin]], British explorer, historian, and writer was born in Jorhat
* [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]], The current Chief Minister of Assam and MLA from [[Jalukbari Assembly constituency|Jalukbari]] was born in Jorhat
* [[Anwara Taimur]], First Woman Chief Minister of Assam

== See also ==
* [[Jorhat Municipal Board]]
* [[Jorehaut Provincial Railway]]
* [[Jorhat Assembly constituency]]
* [[Jorhat Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Timeline of Jorhat]]
* [[Golaghat]]
* [[Sivasagar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Jorhat}}
* [https://jorhat.assam.gov.in/ Jorhat District Official Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110814151829/http://digambersjorhat.org/jorhat.htm Shree Digamber Jain Samaj Jorhat]
* [http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/154-jorhat.html Jorhat census 2011]

{{Assam}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jorhat| ]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jorhat district]]

Bus Stop (2017 film)

2026-03-04T09:42:36Z

Animesh: starting new info w/ infobox...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bus Stop
| image =
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = Sameer Hemant Joshi
| writer =
| screenplay =
| producer = Shreyash Jadhav Poonam Shende Gajendra Patil Asoo Nihlani
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Amruta Khanvilkar]]
*[[Aniket Vishwasrao]]
*[[Hemant Dhome]]
*[[Siddharth Chandekar]]
*[[Pooja Sawant]]
}}
| cinematography = Abhijit D. Abde
| editing = Apurwa Motiwale Sahai Ashish Mhatre
| music = Saurabh Jasraj Hrushikesh
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|07|21}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Bus Stop''''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] film directed by Sameer Hemant Joshi. The film stars [[Amruta Khanvilkar]], [[Aniket Vishwasrao]], [[Hemant Dhome]], [[Siddharth Chandekar]], [[Pooja Sawant]] and
Rasika Sunil. Music by Saurabh, Jasraj and Hrushikesh. The film was released on 21 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2017 |title= Bus Stop Movie Trailer: ‘बस स्टॉप’ सिनेमाचा हा भन्नाट ट्रेलर पाहिलात का? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/pooja-sawant-amruta-khanvilkar-starrer-upcoming-marathi-movie-bus-stop-trailer-released-1502833/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131071320/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/pooja-sawant-amruta-khanvilkar-starrer-upcoming-marathi-movie-bus-stop-trailer-released-1502833/ |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website= [[Loksatta]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The lives of a group of students, their friendships, relationships, and everyday issues. The friends are all from different backgrounds and want different things in life but each has a complicated relationship with their parents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2017 |title= BUS STOP MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/bus-stop/movie-review/59710500.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131070911/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/bus-stop/movie-review/59710500.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] as Sharayu
* [[Aniket Vishwasrao]] as Deven
* [[Hemant Dhome]] as Keshav
* [[Siddharth Chandekar]] as Vineet
* [[Pooja Sawant]] as Anushka
* [[Suyog Gorhe]] as Sumedh
* [[Rasika Sunil]] as Maithili
* Akshay Waghmare as Abhishek
* Madhura Deshpande as Radhika
* Avinash Narkar
* [[Sanjay Mone]]
* [[Sharad Ponkshe]]
* [[Uday Tikekar]]
* Vidyadhar
* Seema Chandekar
*'Manjusha Godse
* Adhashree Atre

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bus Stop
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Saurabh, Jasraj and Hrushikesh
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2017
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 14:03
| language = Marathi
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2016
| year = 2018
| next_title =
| next_year = 2017
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|fCidB-Vmw6k| Bus Stop – Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 14:03
| title1 = Move On
| extra1 = [[Rohit Raut]]
| length1 = 4:03
| title2 = Aapla Romance
| extra2 = Shruti Athavale, Jasraj Joshi
| length2 = 5:40
| title3 = Ghoka Nahitar Hoel Dhoka
| extra3 = Sagar phadke
| length3 = 2:54
| title4 = Tujhya Saavalila
| extra4 = Rupali Moghe
| length4 = 2:08
}}

== Critical reception ==
Bus Stop film received negative reviews from critics. Ganesh Matkari of [[Pune Mirror]] says "There is some attempt to address the generation gap issue (nothing new there as well), but that comes much later in the film, and with little or no consistency. Apparently, the film’s title is a metaphor, but it remains unexplained. Although it did remind me of all the places buses could take me to if I could get up and leave".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2017 |title= FILM: BUS STOP |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-bus-stop/cid5088035.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131065024/https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-bus-stop/cid5088035.htm |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website= [[Pune Mirror]] |language=English
}}</ref> Keyur Seta of ''Cinestaan.com'' Wrote "Overall, you would be well advised to skip this Bus Stop".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2017 |title= Bus Stop review: Don't alight here |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/bus-stop-25135/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131065343/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/bus-stop-25135/amp |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website= Cinestaan.com |language=English
}}</ref> Swati vemul of [[Loksatta]] wrote" Overall, 'Bus Stop' feels lost due to the misalignment of the story, clumsiness, a few drawn-out shots and an incomplete ending".<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2017 |title= Movie review : भरकटलेला ‘बस स्टॉप’ |url=https://www.loksatta.com/review/movie-review/bus-stop-marathi-movie-review-1515238/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131065740/https://www.loksatta.com/review/movie-review/bus-stop-marathi-movie-review-1515238/lite/ |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website= [[Loksatta]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref> Ibrahim Afghan of [[Maharashtra Times]] wrote "The absurdity of this film makes you laugh out loud. So how can you say that this film does not entertain?".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2017 |title= अतर्क्याचा अर्क |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/review-of-marathi-movie-bus-stop/amp_moviereview/59691334.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131070558/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/review-of-marathi-movie-bus-stop/amp_moviereview/59691334.cms |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref> Raj Chinchankar of [[Lokmat]] wrote "If there are not many expectations, it can be given up at once; But despite the best team of artists in the Marathi film industry, nothing is coming out of this film, but the great sadness of the disappointment caused by this film is painful".<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2017 |title= Bus Stop Marathi Movie:अपेक्षाभंगाचे दुःख मोठे...! |url=https://www.lokmat.com/reviews/marathi-cinema/bus-stop-marathi-movie-wretched-sorrow/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131083444/https://www.lokmat.com/reviews/marathi-cinema/bus-stop-marathi-movie-wretched-sorrow/ |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website= [[Lokmat]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt9445114}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/bus_stop}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Vijay (1942 film)

2026-03-03T23:08:34Z

Animesh: cleanup

{{Short description|1942 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vijay
| image = Vijay1942.jpg

| caption =
| director =
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1942}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Vijay ''''' is an Indian film. It was released in [[Bollywood films of 1942|1942]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/ |title=Bollywood Hindi Movie, Latest Movies Release, Review & News, Actor Actress Photo Pics & Videos Gallery |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814141558/http://www.gomolo.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|access-date=12 August 2012|year=1999|publisher=British Film Institute|isbn=9780851706696}}</ref> The film also had Baby Meena ([[Meena Kumari]], as a child artist).<ref name="Mehta 2016">{{cite book | last=Mehta | first=Vinod | title=Meena Kumari | date=2016-12-01 | publisher=HarperCollins | isbn=9789350296271 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1brjAAAAQBAJ&q=Adhuri+Kahani | access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0378979 |title=Vijay}}

[[Category:1942 films]]
[[Category:1942 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1942 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

{{1940s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Havina Hede

2026-03-03T22:14:06Z

Animesh: updated page

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Havina Hede
| image = Havina Hede.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[V. Somashekhar]]
| starring = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]] [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]]
| producer = [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]
| music = [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography = R. Madhusudhan
| editing = P. Bhaktavatsalam
| studio = Poornima Enterprises
| distributor = Vajreshwari Combines Chandrika Movies Venkateshwara Movies
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1981}}
| runtime = 174 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Havina Hede''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಹಾವಿನ ಹೆಡೆ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|Snake's hood}}) is a 1981 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[V. Somashekhar]] and produced by [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=Parvathamma was force behind Raj's success |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/parvathamma-force-behind-rajs-success-2007744 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The film featured [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] and [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]] playing the pivotal roles. The film was written by M. D. Sundar and had lyrics and dialogues written by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]].

The film featured a successful original score and soundtrack composed by [[G. K. Venkatesh]]. Rajkumar also appeared as [[Bhima]] in a small drama sequence in the movie.

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Muthanna
* [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]] as Rani ( Voice dubbed by [[B. Jayashree]] )
* [[Sampath (Kannada actor)|Sampath]]
* [[Shakti Prasad]]
* [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]]
* [[Tiger Prabhakar]] as Antony
* [[Uma Shivakumar]]
* [[M. S. Umesh]]
* [[B. V. Radha]]
* [[Maanu (actor)|Maanu]] as Shivanna
* [[Sudheer (Kannada Actor)|Sudheer]]
* [[Dinesh (Kannada Actor)|Dinesh]] as Narayana
* [[R. N. Sudarshan]] as Shyam
* Papamma
{{div col end}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[G. K. Venkatesh]] to the lyrics of [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bere Enu Beda Endigu
| extra1 = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Vani Jayaram]]
| lyrics1 = [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]
| length1 = 04:23
| title2 = Bisi Bisi Kajjaya
| extra2 = Rajkumar
| lyrics2 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| length2 = 03:56
| title3 = Hoovinda Bareda Katheya
| extra3 = Rajkumar
| lyrics3 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| length3 = 04:25
| title4 = My Name is Raj
| extra4 = Rajkumar
| lyrics4 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| length4 = 04:02
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1416711}}

{{V. Somashekhar}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. K. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Somashekhar]]
[[Category:1981 drama films]]

{{1980s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Gajapathi Garvabhanga

2026-03-03T22:13:36Z

Animesh: fix details after review

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gajapathi Garvabhanga
| image = Gajapathi Garvabhanga.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[M. S. Rajashekar]]
| producer = [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]
| writer = T. N. Narasimhan (Story)
| screenplay = Chi. Udayashankar
| narrator =
| starring = [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]] [[Malashri]]
| music = Upendra Kumar
| cinematography = V.K.Kannan
| editing = S.Manoohar
| distributor = Sri Dakshayani combines
| released = {{Film date|1989}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
}}
'''''Gajapathi Garvabhanga''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಗಜಪತಿ ಗರ್ವಭಂಗ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1989 [[India]]n comedy film in [[Kannada]] language directed by [[M. S. Rajashekar]] and produced by the actor [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]'s production company Purnima Enterprise.The movie stars his second son [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]] and [[Malashri]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/sandalwood-actor-raghavendra-rajkumar-rare-photos-gallery-story-rvj-dvp-1107449.html|title=Raghavendra rajkumar: ರಾಘಣ್ಣನ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ-ಪ್ರತಿ ದಿನ ಒಂದೊಂದು ನೆನಪಿನ ಚಿತ್ರಣ|date=9 May 2023|website=News18 Kannada}}</ref> The cast included [[Dheerendra Gopal]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] and Honnavalli Krishna. The film was a box office success,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/malasri-would-have-acted-with-dr-rajkumar-in-odahuttidavaru-but-she-missed-it-vb-502141.html|title=ಅಣ್ಣಾವ್ರ ಜೊತೆ ಆ ಸಿನಿಮಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಲಾಶ್ರೀ ನಟಿಸಬೇಕಿತ್ತು: ಆದ್ರೆ ಆಗಿದ್ದು ಮಾತ್ರ...|date=12 December 2020|website=News18 Kannada}}</ref> and it ran in theatres for 365 days. [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]]'s previous movie ''[[Nanjundi Kalyana]]'' was also a comedy with involving many of the same cast and crew.

==Cast==
* [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]] as Kishore
* [[Malashri]] as Sowmya
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Ranganna Meshtru
* [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] as Ananthu Meshtru
* [[Dheerendra Gopal]] as Gajapathi
* [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]]
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]] as "Kudure" Krishna
* [[Mysore Lokesh]]
* [[Mandeep Roy]]
* [[Doddanna]]
*Dombara Krishna Suresh
*Killer Venkatesh
*[[Negro Johnny]]
* [[Shivaram]]
* [[Abhinaya (Kannada actress)|Abhinaya]] as Shobha
* [[M. S. Umesh]] as Thippayya
* [[Tennis Krishna]]
* Sadashiva Brahmavara<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/nine-deaths-that-shocked-kannada-film-industry-in-2018-pki1wb|title=Nine deaths that shocked Kannada film industry in 2018|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = Upendr Kumar
| title1 = Hosa Ragavidu
| extra1 =[[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| lyrics1 = Sri Ranga
| length1 =

| title2 = Jataka Kudure
| extra2 = Manjula Gururaj
| lyrics2 = Sri Ranga
| length2 =

| title3 = Tharakari Thayamma
| extra3 = Raghavendra Rajkumar
| lyrics3 = [[Chi. Udhayashankar]]
| length3 =

| title4 = Maduveya Vayasu
| extra4 = Raghavendra Rajkumar, Manjula Gururaj
| lyrics4 = Chi. Udhayashankar
| length4 =

| title5 = Olida Swaragalu
| extra5 = Raghavendra Rajkumar, Manjula Gururaj, Kusuma, Madhusudan
| lyrics5 = Chi. Udhayashankar
| length5 =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
#http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/music/Upendra_Kumar.html

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{M. S. Rajashekar}}

[[Category:1989 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. S. Rajashekar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Upendra Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:1989 comedy films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language comedy films]]

{{1980s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Ashiq Vanna Divasam

2026-03-03T20:31:23Z

Animesh: added some article initial version - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ashiq Vanna Divasam
| image = Ashiq Vanna Divasam.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = Krish Kymal
| writer = Krish Kymal
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Naseer Lathif
| starring = [[Priyamani]] Naseer Latif
| narrator =
| cinematography = Krish Kymal
| editing =
| music = Mathew Pulikkal
| studio = Peanuts International
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|6|15}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Aashiq Vanna Divasam''''' (released internationally as '''''The Day Ashiq Came''''') is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language children's drama film directed by Krish Kymal and starring [[Priyamani]] and Naseer Latif.

== Cast ==
*[[Priyamani]] as Shiny<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/priya-mani-has-an-inter-caste-marriage-in-reel-life-too/articleshow/60514834.cms|title=Priya Mani has an inter-caste marriage in reel life too!|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 September 2017|last=Prakash|first=Asha}}</ref>
*Nasser Latif as Maash<ref name="I"/>
* Kanchanamma as Lakshmi
*[[Ambika Mohan]] as Mariya
*[[Kalasala Babu]]
*[[Irshad Ali (actor)|Irshad]]
*[[Kalabhavan Haneef]]
*Baby Piya
*Master Dupath

== Production ==
The film is directed, written and cinematographed by Krish Kymal of ''[[Olappeeppi]]'' (2016) fame while Naseer Lathif produced the film in addition to acting.<ref name="d">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/110917/priyamanis-next-starts-rolling.html|title=Priyamani's next starts rolling|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=11 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://actiononframes.com/news-details/priyamani-play-s-lead-role-in-ashiq-vanna-divasam/|title=Priyamani play's lead role in Ashiq vanna divasam|date=8 September 2017|work=Action on Frames}}</ref> This film marks [[Priyamani]]'s return to Malayalam cinema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/priyamani-makes-her-comeback-tamil-news-195443|title=Priyamani makes her comeback|date=11 September 2017|work=Indiaglitz}}</ref> ''Aashiq Vanna Divasam'' is about inter-caste marriage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/home-entertainment-actress-priyamani-essays-lead-role-in-ashiq-vanna-divasam-priya-actress-priyamani-507324|title=సినిమాలోనూ సేమ్‌ పెళ్లి!|language=te|date=16 September 2017|work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]}}</ref> The film began production in early 2017 with the first schedule in [[Kochi]].<ref name="d"/> The poem "Aaru Njanakanam" was included in this film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/dec/26/aaru-njanakanam-heals-human-minds-1916891.html|title='Aaru Njanakanam' heals human minds|date=26 November 2018|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film finished production in late 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/priya-mani-joins-kishore-in-kannada-crime-thriller/articleshow/61297421.cms|title=Priya Mani joins Kishore in Kannada crime thriller|date=29 October 2017|first=Prathibha|last=Joy|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic wrote that "''Aashiq Vanna Divasam'' faces the problem of how to keep the audience engaged till they are led to the major theme. The conflict is apt for the drama but the issue is how long you bear the same thing that gets repeated? The mediocre treatment conveys the same impact".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/21740/malayalam/ashiq-vanna-divasam/11292/review/|title=Ashiq Vanna Divasam Malayalam Movie Review|work=Nowrunning|date=16 June 2018|last=Rejeesh|first=K. R.}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
Krish Kymal was one among the directors nominated for the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Director]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2018/02/23/kerala-state-film-awards-debutantes-vie-with-ace-directors-for-title.html|title=Kerala State Film Awards: greenhorns vie with ace directors for title|first=Renji|last=Kuriakose|work=[[Manorama Online]]|date=23 May 2018}}</ref> Naseer Latif won the Honorable Jury Mention - Actor award at the Dada Saheb Phalke Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/may/04/nobody-back-in-kerala-knew-i-got-an-award-at-the-dada-saheb-phalke-film-festival-nasser-latif-1809937.html|title=Nobody back in Kerala knew I got an award at the Dada Saheb Phalke Film Festival: Nasser Latif|last=Kuruvilla|first=Anu|date=4 May 2018|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film was screened at various film festivals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfestinternational.com/20th-feb-screening-room-2-london-iff-2019/|title=20th Feb {{!}} Screening Room 2 {{!}} London IFF 2019|date=22 December 2018|work=Film Fest International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://accoladecompetition.org/winners-may-2018/awards-of-merit-may-2018/|title=Accolade Global Film Competition: Awards of Merit May 2018|work=Accolade Global Film Competition}}</ref><ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://theindiefest.com/past-winners/awards-of-merit-may-2018/|title=The IndieFEST Film Awards: Awards of Merit May 2018|work=The IndieFEST Film Awards}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miniboxoffice.com/indianworldfilmfestival/news.php?id=NjU1NA==|title=Result Feature Section: 2nd Indian World Film Festival-2018|work=Indian World Film Festival}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|8168814}}
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian children's drama films]]

Saand Ki Aankh

2026-03-02T10:10:57Z

Animesh: add section additionally and added references

{{short description|2019 Indian Hindi-language biographical film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Saand Ki Aankh
| image = Saand Ki Aankh poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tushar Hiranandani]]
| producer = [[Anurag Kashyap]] [[Reliance Entertainment]] Nidhi Parmar
| screenplay = Balwinder Singh Janjua
| writer = [[Jagdeep Sidhu]] (dialogue)
| starring = [[Taapsee Pannu]] [[Bhumi Pednekar]] [[Prakash Jha]] [[Vineet Kumar Singh]]
| narrator = [[Sara Arjun]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]] '''Score:''' Advait Nemlekar
| cinematography = [[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti]]
| editing = Devendra Murdeshwar
| studio = Reliance Entertainment Chalk and Cheese Films
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]] [[PVR Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2019|10|25|df=y|ref1=<ref name="timesnow">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/saand-ki-aankh-first-look-bhumi-pednekar-taapsee-pannu-age-to-portray-prakashi-and-chandro-tomar/400882|website= Times Now News 18|title=Saand Ki Aankh first look: Bhumi Pednekar, Taapsee Pannu age to portray Prakashi and Chandro Tomar|first=Ayush|last=Mohan Dixit|date=16 April 2019|access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 146 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/saand-ki-aankh-2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021174221/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/saand-ki-aankh-2019 | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 October 2019 | title=Saand Ki Aankh (2019) | website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR}}30.7 [[crore]]<ref name="botop">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/saand-ki-aankh/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|title= Saand Ki Aankh Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
}}

'''''Saand Ki Aankh''''' ({{translation|Bull's eye}}) is a 2019 Indian [[biographical film|biographical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Tushar Hiranandani]] and produced by [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Reliance Entertainment]] and Nidhi Parmar.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=taran_adarsh| author=Taran Adarsh|date=11 March 2019|number=1104999016650072065|title=From the sets of #SaandKiAankh... Stars Taapsee Pannu, Bhumi Pednekar, Vineet Singh, Prakash Jha and Kuldeep Sareen... Directed by Tushar Hiranandani... Produced by Reliance Entertainment, Anurag Kashyap and Nidhi Parmar. https://t.co/nwnAhUTmWK}}</ref><ref name="Indiatoday">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/saand-ki-aankh-taapsee-pannu-and-bhumi-pednekar-kick-off-anurag-kashyap-s-production-1452171-2019-02-09|title=Saand Ki Aankh: Taapsee Pannu and Bhumi Pednekar kick off Anurag Kashyap's production|date=9 February 2019|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=10 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="indexp">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-prakash-jha-saand-ki-aankh-5587932/|title=Prakash Jha joins the cast of Saand Ki Aankh|date=17 February 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=10 March 2019}}</ref> The film stars [[Taapsee Pannu]], [[Bhumi Pednekar]], [[Prakash Jha]], and [[Vineet Kumar Singh]]. It highlights the lives of [[sharpshooter]]s [[Chandro Tomar|Chandro]] and [[Prakashi Tomar]].

Filming began in February 2019 at [[Baghpat]], with [[principal photography]] also held in [[Hastinapur]] and [[Mawana]].<ref name="amar">{{cite news |author=न्यूज डेस्क |title=बॉलीवुड फिल्म 'सांड की आंख' की शूटिंग आज से शुरू, बागपत के इस गांव में पहुंची दो मशहूर अभिनेत्रियां |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/meerut/bollywood-film-saand-ki-aankh-shooting-starts-actress-taapsee-and-bhumi-reached-baghpat-up |accessdate=10 March 2019 |work=[[Amar Ujala]]|date=10 February 2019 |language=hi}}</ref> The film was released on 25 October 2019, coinciding with the [[Diwali]] festival.

== Cast ==
* [[Taapsee Pannu]] as [[Prakashi Tomar]]
* [[Bhumi Pednekar]] as [[Chandro Tomar]]
* [[Prakash Jha]] as Rattan Singh Tomar
* Kuldeep Sareen as Bhanwan Singh Tomar
* [[Pawan Chopra]] as Jai Singh Tomar
* [[Vineet Kumar Singh]] as Dr. Yashpal
* Yudhvir Ahlawat as Young Rambir Tomar
* Yogendra Vikram Singh as young Rattan Singh Tomar
* Ronak Bhinder as young Bhanwar Singh Tomar
* Amol Nikhare as Young Jai Singh Tomar
* Navneet Srivastava as Farooq
* [[Shaad Randhawa]] as Rambir Tomar
* Pritha Bakshi as Seema Tomar
* [[Sara Arjun]] as Shefali Tomar
* Himanshu Sharma as Sachin Tomar
* Kavita Vaid as Bimla Tomar (Prakashi Tomar and Chandro Tomar's sister-in-law)
* Akshay Kumar Jinagal as captain
* Trupti Khamkhar as young Bimla Tomar
* Sandeep Sharma as Reporter
* [[Nikhat Khan]] as Maharani Mahedra Kumari
* Dinesh Mohan as Maharaja of Alwar

==Production==

=== Development and casting ===
Initially the film was titled ''Womaniya'' with [[Taapsee Pannu]] and [[Bhumi Pednekar]] in lead roles. But due to controversy over legal rights of the title which is held by Pritish Nandy Communications, the film was renamed as ''Saand Ki Aankh''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-pritish-nandy-fight-over-womaniya-film-to-star-bhumi-pednekar-and-taapsee-pannu/story-Ieqcd16PsGcJrH5c6foLUI.html|title=Anurag Kashyap, Pritish Nandy fight over Womaniya; film to star Bhumi Pednekar and Taapsee Pannu|website=Hindustan Times|date=7 February 2019|access-date=21 March 2019}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Later on [[Prakash Jha]] was also included in the cast to play a vital role.<ref name="indexp"/> In the last week of February 2019, [[Vineet Kumar Singh]] was added to the cast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mukkabaaz-actor-vineet-singh-finalised-for-anurag-kashyaps-saand-ki-aankh-2049337.html|website=News 18|title= Mukkabaaz Actor Vineet Singh Finalised for Anurag Kashyap's Saand Ki Aankh|date=26 February 2019|access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref> Giving details of the film, the co producer [[Anurag Kashyap]] stated that the film is a biopic based on the life of the oldest sharpshooters, Chandro Tomar and her sister-in-law Prakashi Tomar.<ref name="Indiatoday"/>

=== Filming ===
Filming began on 10 February 2019 in [[Baghpat]]. The second part of the film is to be shot in [[Hastinapur]] and [[Mawana]].<ref name="amar"/> Pannu trained in [[Air gun|air pistol]] and [[rifle]] shooting to reprise the role of a sharpshooter in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-learning-air-pistol-for-sharpshooter-role-in-saand/article_bf01b5ec-36c6-11e9-8794-9f24119f2ea9.html|title=Taapsee Pannu Learning Air Pistol for Sharpshooter Role in 'Saand Ki Aankh'|website=India West|access-date=23 March 2019|date=22 February 2019|first=R.M.|last=VIJAYAKAR|archive-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323043526/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-learning-air-pistol-for-sharpshooter-role-in-saand/article_bf01b5ec-36c6-11e9-8794-9f24119f2ea9.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The filming was completed in the last week of April as Pannu shared the news on social media.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-and-bhumi-pednekar-wrap-up-saand-ki-aankh-33597.html|website=Filmfare|title=Taapsee Pannu and Bhumi Pednekar wrap-up Saand Ki Aankh|first=Raghuvendra|last=Singh|date=30 April 2019|access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref>

==Promotion and release==
[[File:Photos-Taapsee-Pannu-and-Bhumi-Pednekar-celebrate-the-film-Saand-Ki-Aankh-5.jpg|thumb|Pannu and Pednekar at an event of the film]]
On 14 February 2019, the lead actors shared the first look of the film from location.<ref>{{cite news |author=न्यूज डेस्क |title=सांड की आंख: गन और घाघरा के साथ तापसी- भूमि का खेत में वेलंटाइन|url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-vishesh-bhumi-pednekar-and-taapsee-pannu-send-a-photo-from-the-sets-of-film-saand-ki-aankh-18950399.html|access-date=23 March 2019|work=Jagran|date=17 February 2019|language=hi}}</ref> Giving wishes on [[Holi]] festival, Pannu shared another look from the film on Twitter on 21 March 2019.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=taapsee|author=Taapsee Pannu|date=21 March 2019|number=1108595052484403200|title=तम सब को मारे #साँडकीआँख के परिवार के तरफ़ से “हैपी होली” ! रंग चढ़ने वाला है .... #ComingSoon #SaandKiAankh #HappyHoli https://t.co/TNFYSPejQT}}</ref> A short video introducing Chandro and Prakashi Tomar, on whose life the film is based was released by [[Reliance Entertainment]] on 14 April 2019 on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gqLvf8NxOLw|title=Saand Ki Aankh {{!}}Shooter Daadi - Loaded and Ready{{!}}Taapsee Pannu, Bhumi Pednekar{{!}}Tushar Hiranandani|publisher=Reliance Entertainment|website=YouTube|date=13 April 2019}}</ref> First look posters of the film were released on 16 April 2019. In the posters, Pannu and Bhumi are posing with their pistols. The poster gives the release date as [[Diwali]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/saand-ki-aankh-first-look-taapsee-pannu-bhumi-pednekar-5677631/|title=Saand Ki Aankh first look: Taapsee Pannu and Bhumi Pednekar play world's oldest sharpshooters|website=Indian Express|access-date=16 April 2019|date=16 April 2019}}</ref>

The film was theatrically released on 25 October 2019.<ref name="timesnow"/> It was screened as opening film at [[51st International Film Festival of India]] in January 2021 in Indian Panorama section.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1681946|title=Indian Panorama announces official selection for 51st International Film Festival of India, 2020|date=19 December 2020|via=Press release|newspaper=PIB GOI}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Saand Ki Aankh
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 15 October 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/saand-ki-aankh/5t7yv4HpJug_|title=Saand Ki Aankh - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=15 October 2019 |publisher=Jio Saavn}}</ref>
| recorded = 2019
| venue =
| studio = [[YRF Studios]]
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 36:16
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer = Gaurav Vaswani
| prev_title = [[Pranaam]]
| prev_year = 2019
| year = 2019
| next_title = [[Street Dancer (film)|Street Dancer]]
| next_year = 2020
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|xXOHdvfM6-g|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], with lyrics written by [[Raj Shekhar]].

{{Track listing
| headline= Track listing
| total_length= 36:16
| extra_column=Singer(s)
| title1 = Udta Teetar
| extra1 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Jyoti Nooran]]
| length1 = 4:30
| title2 = Womaniya
| extra2 = [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| length2 = 3:54
| title3 = Aasmaa
| extra3 = [[Asha Bhosle]]
| length3 = 6:09
| title4 = Baby Gold
| extra4 = [[Sona Mohapatra]], [[Jyotica Tangri]]
| length4 = 3:35
| title5 = Jhunna Jhunna
| extra5 = Pratibha Singh Baghel, Krutika Borkar
| length5 = 4:11
| title6 = Womaniya
| note6 = Raw Version
| extra6 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| length6 = 3:54
| title7 = Aasmaa
| note7 = Studio Version
| extra7 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| length7 = 6:09
| title8 = Womaniya
| note8 = Film Version
| extra8 = [[Palak Muchhal]]
| length8 = 3:54
}}

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
On [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds a rating of {{RT data|score}} based on {{RT data|count}} reviews with an average rating of {{RT data|average}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/saand_ki_aankh|title=Saand Ki Aankh|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|access-date={{RT data|access date|df=dmy}}}}</ref>

Priyanka Sinha Jha of ''[[News18]]'', praising [[Taapsee Pannu]] and [[Bhumi Pednekar]] for their 'endearing' performances, rates the film with three and half stars out of five. She writes, "What sets apart ''Saand Ki Aankh'' is that director Tushar Hiranandani frames the issues of patriarchy and gender discrimination within the structure of a family drama which is heart-wrenching and triumphant in equal measure." Concluding, she opined, that the simple storytelling, with good background score and suitable production design the film has hit the bullseye.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/saand-ki-aankh-movie-review-taapsee-pannu-bhumi-pednekar-hit-the-bullseye-2356385.html|title=Saand Ki Aankh Movie Review: Taapsee Pannu-Bhumi Pednekar Hit the Bullseye|last=Sinha Jha|first=Priyanka|date=22 October 2019|work=[[News18]]|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> Sonal Gera of ''[[India TV]]'' gave three and half stars out of five and noted that ''Saand Ki Aankh'' is a 'compelling feminist statement'. Criticising make-up and prosthetics used on Taapsee and Bhumi she felt that they looked too young to be 60-year-olds. Nevertheless, praising the performance of Pannu, Pednekar and [[Prakash Jha]], she concluded, "The films needs to be watched but for powerful performances by inarguably two of the best actresses of recent times, Prakash Jha's baddie, an inspiring narrative and for the sheer joy of watching a good female-centric movie".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/saand-ki-aankh-movie-review-taapsee-pannu-bhumi-pednekar-483|title=Saand Ki Aankh Review | A compelling feminist statement with a few flaws|date=23 October 2019|access-date=23 October 2019|work=India TV|first=Sonal |last=Gera}}</ref> Mike McCahill of ''[[The Guardian]]'' gave two stars out of five and concluded "This feels like a waste of rich narrative possibilities, as mechanically feelgood as those two dozen Britflicks that have cast Dames Dench, Smith et al as old dears who shoot from the lip".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/24/saand-ki-aankh-review-women-sharpshooters-pannu-pednekar|title=Saand Ki Aankh review – women take aim at Indian convention|last=McCahill|first=Mike|date=24 October 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=28 October 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

===Box office===
''Saand Ki Aankh''{{'}}s opening day domestic collection was {{INR}}48 [[lakh]]s. On the second day, the film collected {{INR}}1.08 crore. On the third day, the film collected {{INR}}91 lakhs, taking total opening weekend collection to {{INR}}2.47 crore.<ref name="botop" />

{{As of|2019|12|30}}, with a gross of {{INR}}27.86 crore in India and {{INR}}2.84 crore overseas, the film has a worldwide gross collection of {{INR}}30.7 crore.<ref name="botop" />

===Awards and nominations===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:small"
! colspan="8" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations
|-
! Award
! Date of ceremony
! Category
! Recipient(s)
! Result
! class="unsortable"| {{nowrap|{{Abbr|Ref(s)|References}}}}
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan="6"|[[65th Filmfare Awards|15 February 2020]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]]
|[[Tushar Hiranandani]]
|rowspan="2" {{Nominated}}
|rowspan="5"|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dubey |first1=Rachana |title=Nominations for the 65th Filmfare Awards 2020 are out!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nominations-for-the-65th-filmfare-awards-are-out/articleshow/73881320.cms |accessdate=11 February 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=3 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|Balwinder Singh Janjua
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Critics Award for Best Actress]]
|[[Bhumi Pednekar]]
| {{Won}}
|-
|[[Taapsee Pannu]]
| {{Won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer-Female]]
|[[Sona Mohapatra]] and [[Jyotica Tangri]] for "Baby Gold"
| {{Nominated}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]
|Pritam Das
|{{nominated}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Technical Nominations for the 65th Amazon Filmfare Awards 2020 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/technical-nominations-for-the-65th-filmfare-awards-2020_-38868.html |accessdate=11 February 2020 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=31 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=65th Amazon Filmfare Award 2020 Technical and Short Film award winners |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/65th-amazon-filmfare-awards-technical-and-short-film-award-winners-38901.html |accessdate=11 February 2020 |work=Filmfare |date=2 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Star Screen Awards]]
|rowspan="2"|[[26th Screen Awards|8 December 2019]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Critics Award for Best Actress]]
|[[Bhumi Pednekar]]
| {{Won}}
|<ref name="Critics">{{cite news |title=Taapsee Pannu And Bhumi Pednekar Share 'Undying Sisterhood' After Winning Filmfare Award For Saand Ki Aankh |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/taapsee-pannu-and-bhumi-pednekar-share-undying-sisterhood-after-winning-filmfare-award-for-saand-ki-aankh-3945414/ |accessdate=30 August 2020 |work=India.com |date=16 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Taapsee Pannu]]
| {{Won}}
|<ref name="Critics"/>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|8108206}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|saand-ki-aankh}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/saand_ki_aankh}}

[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vishal Mishra]]
[[Category:2010s feminist films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:2019 biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:2019 drama films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by PVR Inox Pictures]]

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Mumbai Campus

2026-02-05T04:13:27Z

Animesh: starting some details basic info...

{{Short description|University campus in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Mumbai Campus
| image_name =
| image_size = 185px
| established = {{Start date and age|2024}}
| type = Private [[Deemed University]], [[Institute of Eminence]]
| city = Kalyan, [[Mumbai]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| country = India
| campus = Suburban
| campus_size = {{convert|63|acre|ha|abbr=on}}
| coor = {{Coord|19.2554586|73.2020028|type:edu|display=title}}
| chancellor = [[Kumar Mangalam Birla]]
| vice_chancellor = [[V. Ramgopal Rao]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/mumbai-campus/}}
| motto = ''ज्ञानं परम् बलं Gyanam paramam balam''
| mottoeng = "Knowledge is Supreme Power"
| affiliations = [[BITS Pilani]]
}}

'''Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Mumbai Campus''' is a constituent campus of the [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani|BITS Pilani]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2024 |title=BITS Pilani launches Design School in Mumbai; admissions begin on Feb 26 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/bits-pilani-launches-design-school-in-mumbai-admissions-begin-on-feb-26-9163038/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Trust Of India |url=https://www.ptinews.com/press-release/bits-school-of-management-bitsom-shaping-leaders-for-a-tech-driven-world/2220568 |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=www.ptinews.com}}</ref> It was formally inaugurated by Finance Minister [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] in February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Hindu |first=BL Mumbai |date=24 February 2024 |title=Nirmala Sitharaman inaugurates BITS Pilani campus in Kalyan, Mumbai |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/nirmala-sitharaman-inaugurates-bits-pilani-campus-in-kalyan-mumbai/article67882849.ece |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=India |title=BITS Pilani launches new design school in Mumbai |url=https://bestcolleges.indiatoday.in/news-detail/bits-pilani-launches-new-design-school-in-mumbai-533 |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=bestcolleges.indiatoday.in |language=en}}</ref> The campus houses three institutions—School of Management (BITSoM), Law (BITSLAW), and Design (BITSDES), with a focus on interdisciplinary higher education.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NETWORK |first=LIVELAW NEWS |date=7 June 2025 |title=BITS Law School Launches Centre For Research On Innovation Law For Shared Prosperity [CRISP] |url=https://www.livelaw.in/lawschool/bits-law-school-centre-for-research-on-innovation-law-for-shared-prosperity-crisp-law-schools-294428 |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2021 |title=BITS Pilani launches management school |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/admissions/bits-pilani-launches-management-school-101611837322926.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828182202/https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/admissions/bits-pilani-launches-management-school-101611837322926.html |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=28 July 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2023 |title=BITS Law School aims to enhance legal education through student-centred approach |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/jobs-career/education-bits-law-schools-aims-to-enhance-legal-education-through-student-centred-approach-3017862/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Campus==
The campus is located in Kamba, on the outskirts of Kalyan, within the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]], about {{convert|60|km}} northeast of central [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman inaugurates BITS Pilani's new campus in Kalyan - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/education/story/finance-minister-nirmala-sitharaman-inaugurates-bits-pilanis-new-campus-in-kalyan-418939-2024-02-26 |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Basu |first=Sreeradha |date=9 March 2023 |title=BITS Pilani launches BITS Law School in Mumbai |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/bits-pilani-launches-bits-law-school-in-mumbai/articleshow/98517471.cms?from=mdr |access-date=28 July 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Spread across {{convert|63|acre}}, it features academic blocks, a Centre of Excellence, moot court, hybrid classrooms, digital studios, an incubation centre, and residential and sports facilities designed for collaborative learning environment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETLegalWorld.com |title=BITS Law School Mumbai partners with USC Gould for global legal education opportunities |url=https://legal.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/law-policy/bits-law-school-mumbai-partners-with-usc-gould-for-global-legal-education-opportunities/120523145 |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=ETLegalWorld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar & |date=7 March 2025 |title=BITSLAW invites applications for Innovation Law and Policy Fellowship |url=https://www.barandbench.com/Law-School/bitslaw-invites-applications-for-innovation-law-and-policy-fellowship |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Indian Express |first=EdexLive |date=16 February 2024 |title=BITS Pilani launches future-focused BITS Design School in Mumbai |url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2024/Feb/16/bits-pilani-launches-future-focused-bits-design-school-in-mumbai-40353.html |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=EdexLive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 March 2023 |title=BITS Law School to prepare students for the Intersection of Law and Technology |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/bits-law-school-to-prepare-students-for-the-intersection-of-law-and-technology/articleshow/99143454.cms |access-date=28 July 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Academic programmes==
The campus hosts three technical institutions under BITS Pilani:

* '''BITS School of Management''' (BITSoM) – Established in 2021, BITSoM offers a two-year full-time MBA program, with a curriculum centred on leadership, innovation, and global business.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PROGRAMME |url=https://www.bitsom.edu.in/mba-programme/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=BITSoM |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nanda |first=Prashant K. |date=19 May 2021 |title=BITSoM ties up with London Business School: Kumar Mangalam Birla |url=https://www.livemint.com/education/bitsom-ties-up-with-london-business-school-kumar-mangalam-birla-11621411488358.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129080233/https://www.livemint.com/education/bitsom-ties-up-with-london-business-school-kumar-mangalam-birla-11621411488358.html |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=28 July 2025 |work=mint |language=en}}</ref>
* '''BITS Law School''' (BITSLAW) – Established in 2023, BITSLAW offers two five-year integrated degree programmes: BA, LLB (Hons) and BBA, LLB (Hons), with emphasis on technology, business law, and policy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Programme Overview {{!}} BITS Law School – Mumbai |url=https://www.bitslawschool.edu.in/programmes/course-overview |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=www.bitslawschool.edu.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 2024 |title=BITS Law School invites applications for 5-year integrated law programmes for 2025 session |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/admissions/bits-law-school-invites-applications-for-5-year-integrated-law-programmes-for-2025-session-101731335331299.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210215224/https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/admissions/bits-law-school-invites-applications-for-5-year-integrated-law-programmes-for-2025-session-101731335331299.html |archive-date=10 December 2024 |access-date=28 July 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>
* '''BITS Design School''' (BITSDES) – Established in 2024, BITSDES offers a four-year Bachelor of Design (Hons) programme with a focus on creativity, digital fluency, and trans-disciplinary thinking.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Programme - 4-Year Bachelor of Design Programme at BITS Design School |url=http://www.bitsdesign.edu.in/programme/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=www.bitsdesign.edu.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BITS-Pilani Design School Opens In Mumbai, Admission Starts On February 26 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/bits-pilani-design-school-opens-in-mumbai-admission-starts-on-february-26-5069033 |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Mumbai Campus}}
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani]]
[[Category:Law schools in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2024]]
[[Category:Design schools in India]]
[[Category:Law schools in India]]
[[Category:Business schools in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Business schools in India]]

Jafar Mir Abdullah

2026-02-02T10:02:03Z

Animesh: done!

{{Short description|Nawab of Dehta and Dhaurera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Nawab
| image = Jafar Mir Abdullah.jpg
| caption = Abdullah in 2010
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1951|03|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|04|18|1951|03|17|df=y}}
| death_place = Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| alma_mater = [[La Martinière College, Lucknow]]
| occupation = Businessperson, art enthusiast
| known_for = Cultural heritage, contributions to the art and acting
| title =
| father = Mir Abdullah
| family = [[Nawab of Awadh]]
| awards = [[Yash Bharati]]
}}

'''Nawab Jafar Mir Abdullah''' (17 March 1951 – 18 April 2023) was an Indian [[nobleman]] and art enthusiast from [[Lucknow]], known for his deep connection to the city's cultural heritage and his contributions to the arts. Born into the [[Nawab of Awadh|royal family of Awadh]], he was the Nawab of Dehta and [[Dhaurehra|Dhaurera]]. He served as a cultural and heritage ambassador of Lucknow.

He was a direct descendant of Nawab [[Asaf-ud-Daula]], the ruler of Awadh (1775 to 1797) who commissioned the construction of the [[Bara Imambara]] in Lucknow.

He appeared in cameos in multiple films, including [[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]], [[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha|Gadar]], [[Gulabo Sitabo]], [[Ishaqzaade|Ishaqzade]] and [[Madam Chief Minister]]. He was also seen in the [[BBC]] miniseries [[A Suitable Boy (TV series)|A Suitable Boy]], an adaptation of [[Vikram Seth]]'s [[A Suitable Boy|novel]].

In 2016 he was awarded the [[Yash Bharati]], the highest civilian award in [[Uttar Pradesh]].

== Early life and education ==
Jafar Mir Abdullah was born as the eldest of seven children, to Mir Abdullah, a member of the royal family of Awadh in Lucknow. He studied at the [[La Martinière College, Lucknow]], where he developed a deep appreciation for the history and culture of his city. His upbringing in a royal family instilled in him a sense of responsibility towards preserving the traditions and customs of Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-19 |title=Nawab Jafar Mir Abdullah, face of Awadh's royal family, passes away in Lucknow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/nawab-jafar-mir-abdullah-face-of-awadhs-royal-family-passes-away-in-lucknow/articleshow/99599003.cms |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2023-04-19 |title=Lucknow's cultural icon Nawab Jafar Mir Abdullah passes away |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/uttar-pradesh/nawab-jafar-mir-abdullah-passes-away-in-lucknow/na20230419084019643643446 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>

Later he obtained a degree in [[Bachelor of Science]] (H) from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and then pursued Law at [[Lucknow University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Handa |first1=Aakriti |last2=Asrar |first2=Ashhar |date=2023-04-20 |title=In Photos: Remembering Nawab Jafar Mir Abdullah, the Keeper of Lucknow's Tehzeeb |url=https://www.thequint.com/photos/lucknow-nawab-jafar-mir-abdullah-passes-away-age-sheesh-mahal-brother-umraao-jaan-bollywood-news |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=[[The Quint]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title=Nawab Jafar Mir Abdullah passed away CM Yogi grieved |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/nawab-jafar-mir-abdullah-passed-away-cm-yogi-adityanath-akhilesh-yadav-expressed-grieved-jay |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

== Acting ==
Nawab was a prominent figure in the Indian entertainment industry, known for his contributions to theatre, film, and television.

=== Theatre contributions ===
He had a significant background in theatre, where he was involved in various productions that showcased the cultural heritage of Awadh. He was known for his performances in plays such as ''Ghalib in New Delhi'', which highlighted the poetry of [[Mirza Ghalib]], ''Begum Hazrat Mahal,'' based on the life and the reign of [[Nawab Wajid Ali Shah]] and [[Begum Hazrat Mahal]], and ''The Last Mughal'', which depicted the historical events surrounding the last days of the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-05-03 |title=Lucknowites got a lesson in history through this play |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/theatre/lucknowites-got-a-lesson-in-history-through-this-play/articleshow/69071226.cms |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

His work in theatre was characterised by a deep understanding of the cultural narratives of his region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=JAFFER |first=MEHRU |date=2023-04-21 |title=A Final Adaab |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/india/a-final-adaab-898114 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=www.thecitizen.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Film career ===
His film career included cameo appearances in several Bollywood productions. He acted in ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'', a classic film that showcased the cultural richness of Lucknow, where his ancestral home, the Sheesh Mahal, served as a filming location.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheetal |first=Kalpana |title=Jafar Mir Abdullah: 'उमराव जान' में फारुख शेख ने पहनी थी मीर अब्दुल्ला की अंगूठी, जानें दिलचस्प बातें |url=https://www.newsnationtv.com/entertainment/bollywood/jafar-mir-abdullah-bollywood-journey-including-umrao-jaan-know-intresting-facts-about-lucknow-nawab-363409.html |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=www.newsnationtv.com |language=hi}}</ref>

He also appeared in ''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha|Gadar]], [[Gulabo Sitabo]], [[Ishaqzaade|Ishaqzade]],'' and ''[[Madam Chief Minister]]''.<ref name=":0" />

== Awards ==
In 2016, he received [[Yash Bharati|Yash Bharati Award]] at the Lok Bhawan in Lucknow, for his contribution to arts and handicrafts. It is the highest civilian award in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":0" />

== Death ==
Nawab died on 18 April 2023 in Lucknow after a prolonged [[kidney disease]]. Many politicians including, then chief minister [[Yogi Adityanath]], former CM [[Akhilesh Yadav]], [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]], and [[Mohsin Raza]], posted condolence messages on social media following his death.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-19 |title=Lucknow's Famous Nawab Jafar Mir Abdullah Passes Away After Prolonged Illness |url=https://news.abplive.com/states/up-uk/lucknow-s-famous-nawab-jafar-mir-abdullah-passes-away-after-prolonged-illness-1596467 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=en}}</ref>

He is survived by his three daughters, Sheerin, Nishat and Mahrukh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawab Jafar Mir Abdullah: लखनऊ के नवाब जाफर मीर अब्दुल्लाह का निधन, लंबे समय से चल रहे थे बीमार - Nawab Jafar Mir Abdullah of Lucknow passed away who was ill for a long time |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-nawab-jafar-mir-abdullah-of-lucknow-passed-away-who-was-ill-for-a-long-time-23389328.html |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=असरार |first=आकृति हांडा,अशर |date=2023-04-21 |title=लखनवी तहजीब के रखवाले नवाब जाफर मीर अब्दुल्ला का इंतकाल,तस्वीरों में उनकी विरासत |url=https://hindi.thequint.com/news/india/nawab-jafar-mir-abdullah-death-awadh-legacy-heritage-lucknow-tehzeeb-bollywood-umraao-jaan |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=TheQuint |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|name=|id=nm11633118}}
[[Category:People from Lucknow]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Nawabs of Oudh State]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Male actors from Lucknow]]

Molecular biology

2026-01-29T05:43:47Z

Animesh: improve content additionally and updated info

{{Short description|Branch of biology that studies biological systems at the molecular level}}
{{redirect|Molecular microbiology|the scientific journal|Molecular Microbiology (journal){{!}}''Molecular Microbiology'' (journal)}}

[[File:Extended Central Dogma with Enzymes.jpg|thumb|The [[central dogma of molecular biology]] showing the flow of genetic information within a biological system.]]
[[File:PCNA, DNA Polymerase ε, DNA.svg|thumb|
Example of a molecular biology concept. Model showing the interactions between [[DNA]] and [[Protein|proteins]] during [[DNA replication]]: Template DNA strand (yellow), a newly-synthesized daughter DNA strand (cyan), three subunits of [[Proliferating cell nuclear antigen|PCNA]] (shades of blue), and the catalytic subunit of [[DNA polymerase#Polymerases α, δ and ε (alpha, delta, and epsilon)|DNA Polymerase ε]] (green).]]

{{TopicTOC-Biology}}
'''Molecular biology''' {{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛ|k|j|ʊ|l|ər}} is a branch of [[biology]] that seeks to understand the [[molecule|molecular]] structures and chemical processes that are the basis of biological activity within and between [[Cell (biology)|cells]]. It is centered largely on the study of [[Nucleic acid|nucleic acids]] (such as [[DNA]] and [[RNA]]) and [[Protein|proteins]]. It examines the structure, function, and interactions of these [[Macromolecule|macromolecules]] as they orchestrate processes such as [[DNA replication|replication]], [[Transcription (biology)|transcription]], [[Translation (biology)|translation]], [[Protein biosynthesis|protein synthesis]], and complex [[biomolecule|biomolecular]] interactions. The field of molecular biology is [[multi-disciplinary]], relying on principles from [[genetics]], [[biochemistry]], physics, mathematics, and more recently computer science ([[bioinformatics]]).<ref name="cell2">{{cite book|last1=Alberts|first1=Bruce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jK6UBQAAQBAJ|title=Molecular Biology of the Cell, Sixth Edition|last2=Johnson|first2=Alexander|last3=Lewis|first3=Julian|last4=Morgan|first4=David|last5=Raff|first5=Martin|last6=Roberts|first6=Keith|last7=Walter|first7=Peter|date=2014|publisher=Garland Science|isbn=978-1-317-56375-4|pages=1–10|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref><ref name="Gannon-2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gannon F | title = Molecular biology--what's in a name? | journal = EMBO Reports | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | page = 101 | date = February 2002 | pmid = 11839687 | pmc = 1083977 | doi = 10.1093/embo-reports/kvf039 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Molecular biology – Latest research and news {{!}} Nature|url=https://www.nature.com/subjects/molecular-biology|access-date=2021-11-07|website=nature.com|language=en}}</ref>

Though cells and other microscopic structures had been observed in [[organism]]s as early as the 18th century, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and interactions governing their behavior did not emerge until the 20th century, when technologies used in physics and chemistry had advanced sufficiently to permit their application in the biological sciences.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}} The term 'molecular biology' was first used in 1945 by the English physicist [[William Astbury]], who described it as an approach focused on discerning the underpinnings of biological phenomena—i.e. uncovering the physical and chemical structures and properties of biological molecules, as well as their interactions with other molecules and how these interactions explain observations of so-called classical biology, which instead studies biological processes at larger scales and higher levels of organization.<ref name="Astbury-1961">{{Cite journal|last=Astbury|first=W. T.|date=June 1961|title=Molecular Biology or Ultrastructural Biology ?|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=190|issue=4781|page=1124|doi=10.1038/1901124a0|pmid=13684868|bibcode=1961Natur.190.1124A|s2cid=4172248|issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1953, [[Francis Crick]], [[James Watson]], [[Rosalind Franklin]], and their colleagues at the [[MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology|Medical Research Council Unit, Cavendish Laboratory]], were the first to describe the [[double helix]] model for the chemical structure of [[deoxyribonucleic acid]] (DNA), which is often considered a landmark event for the nascent field because it provided a physico-chemical basis by which to understand the previously nebulous idea of nucleic acids as the primary substance of biological inheritance. They proposed this structure based on previous research done by Franklin, which was conveyed to them by [[Maurice Wilkins]] and [[Max Perutz]].<ref name="Scitable-franklin">{{Cite web|title=Rosalind Franklin: A Crucial Contribution|url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/rosalind-franklin-a-crucial-contribution-6538012/|website=nature.com|language=en}}</ref> Their work led to the discovery of DNA in other microorganisms, plants, and animals.<ref name="Verma-2004">{{Cite book |last=Verma |first= P. S. |title=Cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, evolution and ecology |date=2004 |publisher=S Chand and Company |isbn=81-219-2442-1 |oclc=1045495545 }}{{pn|date=June 2024}}</ref>

The field of molecular biology includes techniques which enable scientists to learn about molecular processes.<ref name="Morange-2016">{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470015902.a0003079.pub3 |chapter=History of Molecular Biology |title=Encyclopedia of Life Sciences |date=2016 |last1=Morange |first1=Michel |pages=1–8 |isbn=978-0-470-01617-6 }}</ref> These techniques are used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bello|first1=Elizabeth A.|last2=Schwinn|first2=Debra A.|date=1996-12-01|title=Molecular Biology and Medicine: A Primer for the Clinician|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=85|issue=6|pages=1462–1478|doi=10.1097/00000542-199612000-00029|pmid=8968195|s2cid=29581630|issn=0003-3022|doi-access=free}}</ref> Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under [[gene therapy]], whereas the use of molecular biology or [[molecular cell biology]] in medicine is now referred to as [[molecular medicine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gene Therapy |url=https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Gene-Therapy |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=www.genome.gov |language=en}}</ref>

==History of molecular biology==
{{main|History of molecular biology}}

[[File:Hendiduras mayor menor-eo.png|thumb|Angle description in DNA structure]]
[[File:DNA Structure+Key+Labelled.png|thumb|Diagrammatic representation of Watson and Crick's DNA structure]]
Molecular biology sits at the intersection of [[biochemistry]] and [[genetics]]; as these scientific disciplines emerged and evolved in the 20th century, it became clear that they both sought to determine the molecular mechanisms which underlie vital cellular functions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bynum |first=William |date=February 1999 |title=A History of Molecular Biology |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nm0299_140 |journal=Nature Medicine |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |page=140 |doi=10.1038/5498 |issn=1546-170X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Morange, Michel |title=A history of biology|date=June 2021|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18878-2|oclc=1184123419}}{{pn|date=June 2024}}</ref> Advances in molecular biology have been closely related to the development of new technologies and their optimization.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fields|first=Stanley|date=2001-08-28|title=The interplay of biology and technology|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=98|issue=18|pages=10051–10054|doi=10.1073/pnas.191380098|issn=0027-8424|pmid=11517346|pmc=56913|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The field of genetics arose from attempts to understand the set of rules underlying [[reproduction]] and [[heredity]], and the nature of the hypothetical units of heredity known as [[gene]]s. [[Gregor Mendel]] pioneered this work in 1866, when he first described the laws of inheritance he observed in his studies of mating crosses in pea plants.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ellis |first1=T.H. Noel |last2=Hofer |first2=Julie M.I. |last3=Timmerman-Vaughan |first3=Gail M. |last4=Coyne |first4=Clarice J. |last5=Hellens |first5=Roger P. |title=Mendel, 150 years on |journal=Trends in Plant Science |date=November 2011 |volume=16 |issue=11 |pages=590–596 |doi=10.1016/j.tplants.2011.06.006 |pmid=21775188 |bibcode=2011TPS....16..590E }}</ref> One such law of genetic inheritance is the [[Law of Segregation|law of segregation]], which states that diploid individuals with two [[allele]]s for a particular gene will pass one of these alleles to their offspring.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-12|title=12.3C: Mendel's Law of Segregation|url=https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/12%3A_Mendel%27s_Experiments_and_Heredity/12.3%3A_Laws_of_Inheritance/12.3C%3A_Mendels_Law_of_Segregation|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Biology LibreTexts|language=en}}</ref> Because of his critical work, the study of genetic inheritance is commonly referred to as [[Mendelian inheritance|Mendelian genetics]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mendelian Inheritance|url=https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Mendelian-Inheritance|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Genome.gov|language=en}}</ref>

A major milestone in molecular biology was the discovery of the structure of [[DNA]]. This work began in 1869 by [[Friedrich Miescher]], a Swiss biochemist who first proposed a structure called ''nuclein'', which we now know to be (deoxyribonucleic acid), or DNA.<ref name="Pray-2008">{{cite journal |last=Pray |first=L |date=2008 |title=Discovery of DNA structure and function: Watson and Crick |journal=Nature Education |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=100 |url=http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397|access-date=2024-06-21}}</ref> He discovered this unique substance by studying the components of pus-filled bandages, and noting the unique properties of the "phosphorus-containing substances".<ref>{{Cite book|last=George.|first=Wolf |title=Friedrich Miescher: the man who discovered DNA|date=2003|oclc=907773747}}{{pn|date=June 2024}}</ref> Another notable contributor to the DNA model was [[Phoebus Levene]], who proposed the "polynucleotide model" of DNA in 1919 as a result of his biochemical experiments on yeast.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Levene|first=P.A.|title=Structure of Yeast Nucleic Acid|date=1919|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|volume=43|issue=2|pages=379–382|doi=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)86289-5|issn=0021-9258|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1950, [[Erwin Chargaff]] expanded on the work of Levene and elucidated a few critical properties of nucleic acids: first, the sequence of nucleic acids varies across species.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chargaff |first1=Erwin |title=Chemical specificity of nucleic acids and mechanism of their enzymatic degradation |journal=Experientia |date=June 1950 |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=201–209 |doi=10.1007/bf02173653 |pmid=15421335 |s2cid=2522535 }}</ref> Second, the total concentration of purines (adenine and guanine) is always equal to the total concentration of pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine).<ref name="Pray-2008"/> This is now known as Chargaff's rule. In 1953, [[James Watson]] and [[Francis Crick]] published the double helical structure of DNA,<ref name="Watson-1953">{{Cite journal|last1=Watson|first1=J. D.|last2=Crick|first2=F. H. C.|author-link1=James Watson|author-link2=Francis Crick|date=April 1953|title=Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/171737a0|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=171|issue=4356|pages=737–738|doi=10.1038/171737a0|pmid=13054692|bibcode=1953Natur.171..737W|s2cid=4253007|issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref> based on the [[X-ray crystallography]] work done by [[Rosalind Franklin]] which was conveyed to them by [[Maurice Wilkins]] and [[Max Perutz]].<ref name="Scitable-franklin" /> Watson and Crick described the structure of DNA and conjectured about the implications of this unique structure for possible mechanisms of DNA replication.<ref name="Watson-1953" /> Watson and Crick were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1962, along with Wilkins, for proposing a model of the structure of DNA.<ref name="Verma-2004" />

In 1961, it was demonstrated that when a [[gene]] encodes a [[protein]], three sequential bases of a gene's DNA specify each successive amino acid of the protein.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Crick | first1=F. H. C. | last2=Barnett | first2=Leslie | last3=Brenner | first3=S. | last4=Watts-Tobin | first4=R. J. | title=General Nature of the Genetic Code for Proteins | journal=Nature | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=192 | issue=4809 | year=1961 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/1921227a0 | pages=1227–1232|bibcode=1961Natur.192.1227C|pmid=13882203|s2cid=4276146}}</ref> Thus the [[genetic code]] is a triplet code, where each triplet (called a [[codon]]) specifies a particular amino acid. Furthermore, it was shown that the codons do not overlap with each other in the DNA sequence encoding a protein, and that each sequence is read from a fixed starting point.
During 1962–1964, through the use of conditional lethal mutants of a bacterial virus,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Epstein | first1=R. H. | last2=Bolle | first2=A. | last3=Steinberg | first3=C. M. | last4=Kellenberger | first4=E. | last5=Boy de la Tour | first5=E. | last6=Chevalley | first6=R. | last7=Edgar | first7=R. S. | last8=Susman | first8=M. | last9=Denhardt | first9=G. H. | last10=Lielausis | first10=A. |display-authors=5| title=Physiological Studies of Conditional Lethal Mutants of Bacteriophage T4D | journal=Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology | publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory | volume=28 | date=1963-01-01 | issn=0091-7451 | doi=10.1101/sqb.1963.028.01.053 | pages=375–394}}</ref> fundamental advances were made in our understanding of the functions and interactions of the proteins employed in the machinery of [[DNA replication]], [[DNA repair]], [[genetic recombination|DNA recombination]], and in the assembly of molecular structures.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edgar |first=Bob |date=2004-10-01 |title=The Genome of Bacteriophage T4 |url=https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/168/2/575/6059485 |journal=Genetics |language=en |volume=168 |issue=2 |pages=575–582 |doi=10.1093/genetics/168.2.575 |issn=1943-2631 |pmc=1448817 |pmid=15514035}}</ref>

== Griffith's experiment ==
{{Main|Griffith's experiment}}

[[File:01 dna.jpg|thumb| Griffith's experiment]]

In 1928, [[Frederick Griffith]], encountered a virulence property in [[pneumococcus]] bacteria, which was killing lab rats. According to Mendel, prevalent at that time, gene transfer could occur only from parent to daughter cells. Griffith advanced another theory, stating that gene transfer occurring in member of same generation is known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This phenomenon is now referred to as genetic transformation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ravenhall |first1=Matt |last2=Škunca |first2=Nives |last3=Lassalle |first3=Florent |last4=Dessimoz |first4=Christophe |date=May 2015 |title=Inferring Horizontal Gene Transfer |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |article-number=e1004095 |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004095 |doi-access=free |pmid=26020646|pmc=4462595 |bibcode=2015PLSCB..11E4095R }}</ref>

Griffith's experiment addressed the pneumococcus bacteria, which had two different strains, one virulent and smooth and one avirulent and rough. The smooth strain had glistering appearance owing to the presence of a type of specific polysaccharide – a polymer of glucose and glucuronic acid capsule. Due to this polysaccharide layer of bacteria, a host's immune system cannot recognize the bacteria and it kills the host. The rough strain lacks this polysaccharide capsule, resulting in a dull, rough colony appearance and making it avirulent because it is more readily recognized and destroyed by the host immune system.<ref>Madigan, M. T., et al. (2018). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th ed.). Pearson.</ref>

Presence or absence of capsule in the strain, is known to be genetically determined. Smooth and rough strains occur in several different type such as S-I, S-II, S-III, etc. and R-I, R-II, R-III, etc. respectively. All this subtypes of S and R bacteria differ with each other in antigen type they produce.<ref name="Verma-2004" />

==Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment==
{{Main|Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment}}

The Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment was an experimental demonstration by [[Oswald Avery]], [[Colin Munro MacLeod|Colin MacLeod]], and [[Maclyn McCarty]] that, in 1944, reported that [[DNA]] is the substance that causes [[bacterial transformation]], in an era when it had been widely believed that it was [[Proteins#History and etymology|proteins]] that served the function of carrying genetic information (with the very word ''protein'' itself coined to indicate a belief that its function was ''primary''). It was the culmination of research in the 1930s and early 20th century at the [[Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research]] to purify and characterize the "transforming principle" responsible for the transformation phenomenon first described in [[Griffith's experiment]] of 1928: killed ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' of the [[virulent]] strain type III-S, when injected along with living but non-virulent type II-R pneumococci, resulted in a deadly infection of type III-S pneumococci. In their paper "''Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of Transformation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III''", published in the February 1944 issue of the ''[[Journal of Experimental Medicine]]'', Avery and his colleagues suggest that DNA, rather than protein as widely believed at the time, may be the hereditary material of bacteria, and could be analogous to [[gene]]s and/or [[virus]]es in higher organisms.<ref name="paper">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1084/jem.79.2.137| volume = 79| issue = 2| pages = 137–158| last = Avery| first = Oswald T.|author2=Colin M. MacLeod |author3=Maclyn McCarty | title = Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of Transformation by a Deoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III| journal = Journal of Experimental Medicine| date = 1944-02-01| pmid = 19871359| pmc = 2135445}}</ref><ref>Fruton (1999), pp. 438–440</ref>

== Hershey–Chase experiment ==
{{Main|Hershey–Chase experiment}}

[[File:Hershey Chase experiment.png|thumb|Hershey–Chase experiment]]
Confirmation that DNA is the genetic material which is cause of infection came from the [[Hershey–Chase experiment]]. They used ''E.coli'' and bacteriophage for the experiment. This experiment is also known as blender experiment, as kitchen blender was used as a major piece of apparatus. [[Alfred Hershey]] and [[Martha Chase]] demonstrated that the DNA injected by a phage particle into a bacterium contains all information required to synthesize progeny phage particles. They used radioactivity to tag the bacteriophage's protein coat with radioactive sulfur and DNA with radioactive phosphorus, into two different test tubes respectively. After mixing bacteriophage and ''E.coli'' into the test tube, the incubation period starts in which phage transforms the genetic material in the ''E.coli'' cells. Then the mixture is blended or agitated, which separates the phage from ''E.coli'' cells. The whole mixture is centrifuged and the pellet which contains ''E.coli'' cells was checked and the supernatant was discarded. The ''E.coli'' cells showed radioactive phosphorus, which indicated that the transformed material was DNA not the protein coat.

The transformed DNA gets attached to the DNA of ''E.coli'' and radioactivity is only seen onto the bacteriophage's DNA. This mutated DNA can be passed to the next generation and the theory of Transduction came into existence. Transduction is a process in which the bacterial DNA carry the fragment of bacteriophages and pass it on the next generation. This is also a type of horizontal gene transfer.<ref name="Verma-2004" />

==Meselson–Stahl experiment==
{{Main|Meselson–Stahl experiment}}

[[File:Meselson-stahl experiment diagram en chiral.svg|thumb|Meselson-Stahl experiment]]

The Meselson–Stahl experiment is an experiment by [[Matthew Meselson]] and [[Franklin Stahl]] in 1958 which supported [[James D. Watson|Watson]] and [[Francis Crick|Crick]]'s hypothesis that [[DNA replication]] was [[semiconservative replication|semiconservative]]. In semiconservative replication, when the double-stranded [[DNA]] helix is replicated, each of the two new double-stranded DNA helices consisted of one strand from the original helix and one newly synthesized. It has been called "the most beautiful experiment in biology".<ref>John Cairns to Horace F Judson, in The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology (1979). Touchstone Books, {{ISBN|0-671-22540-5}}. 2nd edition: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996 paperback: {{ISBN|0-87969-478-5}}.</ref> Meselson and Stahl decided the best way to trace the parent DNA would be to tag them by changing one of its atoms. Since [[nitrogen]] is present in all of the [[DNA base]]s, they generated parent DNA containing a heavier [[isotope]] of nitrogen than would be present naturally. This altered mass allowed them to determine how much of the parent DNA was present in the DNA after successive cycles of replication.

== Modern molecular biology ==
In the early 2020s, molecular biology entered a golden age defined by both vertical and horizontal technical development. Vertically, novel technologies are allowing for real-time monitoring of biological processes at the atomic level.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mojiri|first1=Soheil|last2=Isbaner|first2=Sebastian|last3=Mühle|first3=Steffen|last4=Jang|first4=Hongje|last5=Bae|first5=Albert Johann|last6=Gregor|first6=Ingo|last7=Gholami|first7=Azam|last8=Gholami|first8=Azam|last9=Enderlein|first9=Jörg|date=2021-06-01|title=Rapid multi-plane phase-contrast microscopy reveals torsional dynamics in flagellar motion|url=https://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?uri=boe-12-6-3169|journal=Biomedical Optics Express|language=EN|volume=12|issue=6|pages=3169–3180|doi=10.1364/BOE.419099|pmid=34221652|pmc=8221972|issn=2156-7085}}</ref> Molecular biologists today have access to increasingly affordable sequencing data at increasingly higher depths, facilitating the development of novel genetic manipulation methods in new non-model organisms. Likewise, synthetic molecular biologists will drive the industrial production of small and macro molecules through the introduction of exogenous metabolic pathways in various prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell lines.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Warmerdam|first=T.|title=Molecular Biology Laboratory Resource|url=https://www.yourbiohelper.com/research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229005941/https://www.yourbiohelper.com/research|url-status=usurped|archive-date=December 29, 2021|website=Yourbiohelper.com}}</ref>

Horizontally, sequencing data is becoming more affordable and used in many different scientific fields. This will drive the development of industries in developing nations and increase accessibility to individual researchers. Likewise, [[CRISPR gene editing|CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing]] experiments can now be conceived and implemented by individuals for under $10,000 in novel organisms, which will drive the development of industrial and medical applications.<ref>{{Cite web|last=van Warmerdam|first=T.|title=Molecular biology laboratory resource|url=https://www.yourbiohelper.com/research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229005941/https://www.yourbiohelper.com/research|url-status=usurped|archive-date=December 29, 2021|website=Yourbiohelper.com}}</ref>

== Relationship to other biological sciences ==
[[File:Schematic relationship between biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology.svg|thumb|Schematic relationship between [[biochemistry]], [[genetics]] and molecular biology]]

The following list describes a viewpoint on the interdisciplinary relationships between molecular biology and other related fields.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lodish |first1=Harvey |last2=Berk |first2=Arnold |last3=Zipursky |first3=S. Lawrence |last4=Matsudaira |first4=Paul |last5=Baltimore |first5=David |last6=Darnell |first6=James | name-list-style = vanc |title=Molecular cell biology |date=2000 |publisher=Scientific American Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7167-3136-8 |edition=4th |url=https://archive.org/details/molecularcellbio00lodi }}</ref>
* '''''Molecular biology''''' is the study of the molecular underpinnings of the biological phenomena, focusing on molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms and interactions.
* '''''Biochemistry''''' is the study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living [[organism]]s. [[Biochemist]]s focus heavily on the role, function, and structure of [[biomolecule]]s such as [[protein]]s, [[lipid]]s, [[carbohydrate]]s and [[nucleic acid]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berg|first=Jeremy|title=Biochemistry|date=2002|publisher=W.H. Freeman|others=Tymoczko, John L.; Stryer, Lubert|isbn=0-7167-3051-0|edition=5th|location=New York|oclc=48055706}}</ref>
* '''''Genetics''''' is the study of how genetic differences affect organisms. [[Genetics]] attempts to predict how [[mutation]]s, individual [[gene]]s and [[Epistasis|genetic interactions]] can affect the expression of a [[phenotype]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reference|first1=Genetics Home|title=Help Me Understand Genetics|url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref>

While researchers practice techniques specific to molecular biology, it is common to combine these with methods from [[genetics]] and [[biochemistry]]. Much of molecular biology is quantitative, and recently a significant amount of work has been done using computer science techniques such as [[bioinformatics]] and [[computational biology]]. [[Molecular genetics]], the study of gene structure and function, has been among the most prominent sub-fields of molecular biology since the early 2000s. Other branches of biology are informed by molecular biology, by either directly studying the interactions of molecules in their own right such as in [[cell biology]] and [[developmental biology]], or indirectly, where molecular techniques are used to infer historical attributes of [[population]]s or [[species]], as in fields in [[evolutionary biology]] such as [[population genetics]] and [[phylogenetics]]. There is also a long tradition of studying [[biomolecule]]s "from the ground up", or molecularly, in [[biophysics]].<ref name="Tian_2013">{{cite book| veditors = Tian J |title=Molecular Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cBXIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA542|date=2013|publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K|page=542|access-date=2019-07-08|isbn=978-3-642-34303-2 }}</ref>

==Techniques of molecular biology==
[[File:DNA animation.gif|thumb|left|DNA animation]]
{{about||more extensive list on protein methods|protein methods|more extensive list on nucleic acid methods|nucleic acid methods}}

===Molecular cloning===
{{main|Molecular cloning}}

[[File:Transduction image.pdf|thumb|Transduction image]]
Molecular cloning is used to isolate and then transfer a DNA sequence of interest into a plasmid vector.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foundations of Molecular Cloning - Past, Present and Future {{!}} NEB|url=https://www.neb.com/tools-and-resources/feature-articles/foundations-of-molecular-cloning-past-present-and-future|access-date=2021-11-25|website=www.neb.com}}</ref> This recombinant DNA technology was first developed in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foundations of Molecular Cloning - Past, Present and Future {{!}} NEB|url=https://www.neb.com/tools-and-resources/feature-articles/foundations-of-molecular-cloning-past-present-and-future|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.neb.com}}</ref> In this technique, a [[DNA]] sequence coding for a protein of interest is [[clone (genetics)|cloned]] using [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR), and/or [[restriction enzyme]]s, into a [[plasmid]] ([[expression vector]]). The plasmid vector usually has at least three distinctive features: an origin of replication, a [[multiple cloning site]] (MCS), and a selective marker (usually [[antibiotic resistance]]). Additionally, upstream of the MCS are the [[promoter region]]s and the [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]] start site, which regulate the expression of cloned gene.

This plasmid can be inserted into either bacterial or animal cells. Introducing DNA into bacterial cells can be done by [[transformation (genetics)|transformation]] via uptake of naked DNA, [[bacterial conjugation|conjugation]] via cell-cell contact or by [[transduction (genetics)|transduction]] via viral vector. Introducing DNA into [[eukaryotic cell]]s, such as [[animal cells]], by physical or chemical means is called [[transfection]]. Several different transfection techniques are available, such as calcium phosphate transfection, [[electroporation]], [[microinjection]] and [[liposome transfection]]. The plasmid may be integrated into the [[genome]], resulting in a stable transfection, or may remain independent of the genome and expressed temporarily, called a transient transfection.<ref name="cell">{{cite book|last1=Alberts|first1=Bruce|last2=Johnson|first2=Alexander|last3=Lewis|first3=Julian|last4=Raff|first4=Martin|last5=Roberts|first5=Keith|last6=Walter|first6=Peter | name-list-style = vanc |title=Isolating, Cloning, and Sequencing DNA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26837/|access-date=31 December 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lessard|first1=Juliane C.|title=Laboratory Methods in Enzymology: DNA|chapter=Molecular cloning|date=1 January 2013|volume=529|pages=85–98|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-418687-3.00007-0|pmid=24011038|issn=1557-7988|isbn=978-0-12-418687-3}}</ref>

DNA coding for a protein of interest is now inside a cell, and the [[protein]] can now be expressed. A variety of systems, such as inducible promoters and specific cell-signaling factors, are available to help express the protein of interest at high levels. Large quantities of a protein can then be extracted from the bacterial or eukaryotic cell. The protein can be tested for enzymatic activity under a variety of situations, the protein may be crystallized so its [[tertiary structure]] can be studied, or, in the pharmaceutical industry, the activity of new drugs against the protein can be studied.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kokate |first1=Chandrakant|last2=Jalalpure|first2=Sunil S.|last3=Hurakadle|first3=Pramod J.| name-list-style = vanc |title=Textbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology|department=Expression Cloning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p70UCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier|page=125|access-date=2019-07-08|isbn=978-81-312-3987-2}}</ref>

===Polymerase chain reaction===
{{main|Polymerase chain reaction}}

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely versatile technique for copying DNA. In brief, PCR allows a specific [[DNA sequencing|DNA sequence]] to be copied or modified in predetermined ways. The reaction is extremely powerful and under perfect conditions could amplify one DNA molecule to become 1.07 billion molecules in less than two hours. PCR has many applications, including the study of gene expression, the detection of pathogenic microorganisms, the detection of genetic mutations, and the introduction of mutations to DNA.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lenstra|first=J. A.|date=July 1995|title=The applications of the polymerase chain reaction in the life sciences|journal=Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-Le-Grand, France)|volume=41|issue=5|pages=603–614|issn=0145-5680|pmid=7580841}}</ref> The PCR technique can be used to introduce [[Restriction site|restriction enzyme sites]] to ends of DNA molecules, or to mutate particular bases of DNA, the latter is a method referred to as [[site-directed mutagenesis]]. PCR can also be used to determine whether a particular DNA fragment is found in a [[cDNA library]]. PCR has many variations, like reverse transcription PCR ([[RT-PCR]]) for amplification of RNA, and, more recently, [[quantitative PCR]] which allow for quantitative measurement of DNA or RNA molecules.<ref>{{cite web|title=Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techpcr/| work = National Center for Biotechnology Information | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Fact Sheet|url=https://www.genome.gov/10000207/polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr-fact-sheet/|website=National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)|access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref>[[File:Two percent Agarose Gel in Borate Buffer cast in a Gel Tray (Front, angled).jpg|thumb|Two percent [[agarose|agarose gel]] in [[Borate buffered saline|borate buffer cast]] in a gel tray]]

===Gel electrophoresis===
[[File:SDS-PAGE.jpg|thumb|SDS-PAGE|left]]
{{main|Gel electrophoresis}}

Gel electrophoresis is a technique which separates molecules by their size using an agarose or polyacrylamide gel.<ref name="Lee-2012">{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Pei Yun|last2=Costumbrado|first2=John|last3=Hsu|first3=Chih-Yuan|last4=Kim|first4=Yong Hoon|date=2012-04-20|title=Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for the Separation of DNA Fragments|journal=Journal of Visualized Experiments|volume=62 |issue=62|page=3923|doi=10.3791/3923|issn=1940-087X|pmc=4846332|pmid=22546956 |bibcode=2012JVExp..62.3923L }}</ref> This technique is one of the principal tools of molecular biology. The basic principle is that DNA fragments can be separated by applying an electric current across the gel - because the DNA backbone contains negatively charged phosphate groups, the DNA will migrate through the agarose gel towards the positive end of the current.<ref name="Lee-2012" /> Proteins can also be separated on the basis of size using an [[SDS-PAGE]] gel, or on the basis of size and their [[electric charge]] by using what is known as a [[Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis|2D gel electrophoresis]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee PY, Costumbrado J, Hsu CY, Kim YH | title = Agarose gel electrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments | journal = Journal of Visualized Experiments | issue = 62 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22546956 | pmc = 4846332 | doi = 10.3791/3923 | bibcode = 2012JVExp..62.3923L }}</ref>
[[File:Coomassie blue stained gel.png|thumb|Proteins stained on a PAGE gel using Coomassie blue dye]]

=== The Bradford protein assay ===
{{Main|Bradford protein assay}}

The [[Bradford assay]] is a molecular biology technique which enables the fast, accurate quantitation of protein molecules utilizing the unique properties of a dye called [[Coomassie brilliant blue|Coomassie Brilliant Blue]] G-250.<ref name="Bradford-1976">{{cite journal |last1=Bradford |first1=Marion M. |title=A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding |journal=Analytical Biochemistry |date=May 1976 |volume=72 |issue=1–2 |pages=248–254 |doi=10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 |pmid=942051 |bibcode=1976AnBio..72..248B |s2cid=4359292 }}</ref> Coomassie Blue undergoes a visible color shift from reddish-brown to bright blue upon binding to protein.<ref name="Bradford-1976" /> In its unstable, cationic state, Coomassie Blue has a background wavelength of 465 nm and gives off a reddish-brown color.<ref name="rufrice">{{Cite web|title=Protein determination by the Bradford method|url=https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/methods/protein/bradford.html|access-date=2021-11-08|website=www.ruf.rice.edu}}</ref> When Coomassie Blue binds to protein in an acidic solution, the background wavelength shifts to 595 nm and the dye gives off a bright blue color.<ref name="rufrice" /> Proteins in the assay bind Coomassie blue in about 2 minutes, and the protein-dye complex is stable for about an hour, although it is recommended that absorbance readings are taken within 5 to 20 minutes of reaction initiation.<ref name="Bradford-1976" /> The concentration of protein in the Bradford assay can then be measured using a visible light [[Spectrophotometry|spectrophotometer]], and therefore does not require extensive equipment.<ref name="rufrice" />

This method was developed in 1975 by [[Marion M. Bradford]], and has enabled significantly faster, more accurate protein quantitation compared to previous methods: the Lowry procedure and the biuret assay.<ref name="Bradford-1976" /> Unlike the previous methods, the Bradford assay is not susceptible to interference by several non-protein molecules, including ethanol, sodium chloride, and magnesium chloride.<ref name="Bradford-1976" /> However, it is susceptible to influence by strong alkaline buffering agents, such as [[sodium dodecyl sulfate]] (SDS).<ref name="Bradford-1976" />

===Macromolecule blotting and probing===
The terms ''northern'', ''western'' and ''eastern'' blotting are derived from what initially was a molecular biology joke that played on the term ''[[Southern blot]]ting'', after the technique described by [[Edwin Southern]] for the hybridisation of blotted DNA. Patricia Thomas, developer of the RNA blot which then became known as the ''northern blot'', actually did not use the term.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thomas PS | title = Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 77 | issue = 9 | pages = 5201–5 | date = September 1980 | pmid = 6159641 | pmc = 350025 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201 | bibcode = 1980PNAS...77.5201T | doi-access = free }}</ref>

====Southern blotting====
{{main|Southern blot}}

Named after its inventor, biologist [[Edwin Southern]], the Southern blot is a method for probing for the presence of a specific DNA sequence within a DNA sample. DNA samples before or after [[restriction enzyme]] (restriction endonuclease) digestion are separated by gel electrophoresis and then transferred to a membrane by blotting via [[capillary action]]. The membrane is then exposed to a labeled DNA probe that has a complement base sequence to the sequence on the DNA of interest.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/0471142735.im1006as06 |title=Southern Blotting |date=1993 |last1=Brown |first1=Terry |journal=Current Protocols in Immunology |volume=6 |pages=Unit 10.6A |pmid=18432697 }}</ref> Southern blotting is less commonly used in laboratory science due to the capacity of other techniques, such as [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]], to detect specific DNA sequences from DNA samples. These blots are still used for some applications, however, such as measuring [[transgene]] copy number in [[Genetically modified organism|transgenic mice]] or in the engineering of [[gene knockout]] [[Stem cell line|embryonic stem cell lines]].<ref name="Tian_2013"/>

====Northern blotting====
{{main|Northern blot}}

[[File:Northern blot diagram.png|thumb|Northern blot diagram]]
The northern blot is used to study the presence of specific RNA molecules as relative comparison among a set of different samples of RNA. It is essentially a combination of [[denaturing gel|denaturing RNA gel electrophoresis]], and a [[blot (biology)|blot]]. In this process RNA is separated based on size and is then transferred to a membrane that is then probed with a labeled [[complementarity (molecular biology)|complement]] of a sequence of interest. The results may be visualized through a variety of ways depending on the label used; however, most result in the revelation of bands representing the sizes of the RNA detected in sample. The intensity of these bands is related to the amount of the target RNA in the samples analyzed. The procedure is commonly used to study when and how much gene expression is occurring by measuring how much of that RNA is present in different samples, assuming that no post-transcriptional regulation occurs and that the levels of mRNA reflect proportional levels of the corresponding protein being produced. It is one of the most basic tools for determining at what time, and under what conditions, certain genes are expressed in living tissues.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-1-59745-248-9_7 |chapter=Northern Blotting Analysis |title=RNA |series=Methods in Molecular Biology |date=2011 |last1=Josefsen |first1=Knud |last2=Nielsen |first2=Henrik |volume=703 |pages=87–105 |pmid=21125485 |isbn=978-1-58829-913-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = He SL, Green R | title = Laboratory Methods in Enzymology: RNA | chapter = Northern blotting | volume = 530 | pages = 75–87 | date = 1 January 2013 | pmid = 24034315 | pmc = 4287216 | doi = 10.1016/B978-0-12-420037-1.00003-8 | isbn = 978-0-12-420037-1 }}</ref>

====Western blotting====
{{main|Western blot}}

A western blot is a technique by which specific proteins can be detected from a mixture of proteins.<ref name="Mahmood-2012" /> Western blots can be used to determine the size of isolated proteins, as well as to quantify their expression.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Western blot {{!}} Learn Science at Scitable|url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/western-blot-288/|access-date=2021-11-25|website=www.nature.com|language=en}}</ref> In [[western blot]]ting, proteins are first separated by size, in a thin gel sandwiched between two glass plates in a technique known as [[SDS-PAGE]]. The proteins in the gel are then transferred to a [[polyvinylidene fluoride]] (PVDF), nitrocellulose, nylon, or other support membrane. This membrane can then be probed with solutions of [[antibody|antibodies]]. Antibodies that specifically bind to the protein of interest can then be visualized by a variety of techniques, including colored products, [[chemiluminescence]], or [[autoradiography]]. Often, the antibodies are labeled with enzymes. When a [[chemiluminescent]] [[Substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]] is exposed to the [[enzyme]] it allows detection. Using western blotting techniques allows not only detection but also quantitative analysis. Analogous methods to western blotting can be used to directly stain specific proteins in live [[cell (biology)|cells]] or [[biological tissue|tissue]] sections.<ref name="Mahmood-2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mahmood T, Yang PC | title = Western blot: technique, theory, and trouble shooting | journal = North American Journal of Medical Sciences | volume = 4 | issue = 9 | pages = 429–34 | date = September 2012 | doi = 10.4103/1947-2714.100998 | doi-broken-date = 12 July 2025 | doi-access = free | pmid = 23050259 | pmc = 3456489 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kurien BT, Scofield RH | title = Western blotting | journal = Methods | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 283–93 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16483794 | doi = 10.1016/j.ymeth.2005.11.007 | bibcode = 2006MCME...38..283K }}</ref>

====Eastern blotting====
{{main|Eastern blot}}

The eastern blotting technique is used to detect [[post-translational modification]] of proteins. Proteins blotted on to the PVDF or nitrocellulose membrane are probed for modifications using specific substrates.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thomas S, Thirumalapura N, Crossley EC, Ismail N, Walker DH | title = Antigenic protein modifications in Ehrlichia | journal = Parasite Immunology | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 296–303 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19493209 | pmc = 2731653 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01099.x }}</ref>

===Microarrays===
{{main|DNA microarray}}

[[Image:Microarray printing.ogv|thumb|left|A DNA microarray being printed]]
[[File:NA hybrid.svg|thumb|Hybridization of target to probe]]
A DNA microarray is a collection of spots attached to a solid support such as a [[microscope slide]] where each spot contains one or more single-stranded DNA [[oligonucleotide]] fragments. Arrays make it possible to put down large quantities of very small (100 micrometre diameter) spots on a single slide. Each spot has a DNA fragment molecule that is complementary to a single [[DNA sequencing|DNA sequence]]. A variation of this technique allows the [[gene expression]] of an organism at a particular stage in development to be qualified ([[expression profiling]]). In this technique the RNA in a tissue is isolated and converted to labeled [[complementary DNA]] (cDNA). This cDNA is then hybridized to the fragments on the array and visualization of the hybridization can be done. Since multiple arrays can be made with exactly the same position of fragments, they are particularly useful for comparing the gene expression of two different tissues, such as a healthy and cancerous tissue. Also, one can measure what genes are expressed and how that expression changes with time or with other factors.
There are many different ways to fabricate microarrays; the most common are silicon chips, microscope slides with spots of ~100 micrometre diameter, custom arrays, and arrays with larger spots on porous membranes (macroarrays). There can be anywhere from 100 spots to more than 10,000 on a given array. Arrays can also be made with molecules other than DNA.<ref>{{cite web|title=Microarrays|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techmicroarray/| work = National Center for Biotechnology Information | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/0471142727.mb2201s101 |title=Overview of DNA Microarrays: Types, Applications, and Their Future |date=2013 |last1=Bumgarner |first1=Roger |journal=Current Protocols in Molecular Biology |volume=101 |pages=Unit 22.1 |pmid=23288464 |pmc=4011503 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Govindarajan R, Duraiyan J, Kaliyappan K, Palanisamy M | title = Microarray and its applications | journal = Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences | volume = 4 | issue = Suppl 2 | pages = S310-2 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 23066278 | pmc = 3467903 | doi = 10.4103/0975-7406.100283 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tarca AL, Romero R, Draghici S | title = Analysis of microarray experiments of gene expression profiling | journal = American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 195 | issue = 2 | pages = 373–88 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16890548 | pmc = 2435252 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.07.001 }}</ref>

===Allele-specific oligonucleotide===
{{Main|Allele-specific oligonucleotide}}

Allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) is a technique that allows detection of single base mutations without the need for PCR or gel electrophoresis. Short (20–25 nucleotides in length), labeled probes are exposed to the non-fragmented target DNA, hybridization occurs with high specificity due to the short length of the probes and even a single base change will hinder hybridization. The target DNA is then washed and the unhybridized probes are removed. The target DNA is then analyzed for the presence of the probe via radioactivity or fluorescence. In this experiment, as in most molecular biology techniques, a control must be used to ensure successful experimentation.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first2= David Y.|editor-last2=Zhang|editor-last1= Cheng|editor-first1=Liang | name-list-style = vanc |title=Molecular genetic pathology|date=2008|publisher=Humana|location=Totowa, NJ|isbn=978-1-59745-405-6|page=96|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_7QXO0ZBigC&q=Allele-specific+oligonucleotide&pg=PA97|access-date=31 December 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Leonard|first1=Debra G.B. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Molecular Pathology in Clinical Practice|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-19674-9|page=31|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDWFCwAAQBAJ&q=Allele-specific+oligonucleotide&pg=PA30|access-date=31 December 2016|language=en}}</ref>

In molecular biology, procedures and technologies are continually being developed and older technologies abandoned. For example, before the advent of DNA [[gel electrophoresis]] ([[agarose gel electrophoresis|agarose]] or [[SDS-PAGE|polyacrylamide]]), the size of DNA molecules was typically determined by rate [[sedimentation]] in [[sucrose gradient centrifugation|sucrose gradients]], a slow and labor-intensive technique requiring expensive instrumentation; prior to sucrose gradients, [[viscometry]] was used. Aside from their historical interest, it is often worth knowing about older technology, as it is occasionally useful to solve another new problem for which the newer technique is inappropriate.<ref>{{cite book | veditors = Tian J |title=Molecular Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cBXIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA550|date=2013|publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin & Heidelberg GmbH & Co.K |pages=550, 552|access-date=2019-07-08|isbn=978-3-642-34303-2 }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Astrobiology]]
* [[Central dogma of molecular biology]]
* [[Genetic code]]
* [[Geniom RT Analyzer]], diagnostic testing instrument
* [[Genome]]
* [[:Category:Molecular biology institutes|Molecular biology institutes]]
* [[Molecular engineering]]
* [[Molecular genetics]]
* [[Molecular modeling]]
* [[Protein–protein interaction prediction|Protein interaction prediction]]
* [[Protein structure prediction]]
* [[Proteome]]
* [[Cell biology]]
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Cohen SN, Chang AC, Boyer HW, Helling RB | title = Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 70 | issue = 11 | pages = 3240–4 | date = November 1973 | pmid = 4594039 | pmc = 427208 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.70.11.3240 | bibcode = 1973PNAS...70.3240C | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite magazine | vauthors = Rodgers M | title = The Pandora's box congress. | magazine = Rolling Stone | volume = 189 | pages = 37–77 | date = June 1975 }}
* {{cite book | first1= Keith | last1 = Roberts | first2 = Martin | last2 = Raff | first3 = Bruce | last3 = Alberts | first4 = Peter | last4 = Walter | first5 = Julian | last5 = Lewis | first6 = Alexander | last6 = Johnson | name-list-style = vanc | title = Molecular Biology of the Cell | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21054/ | isbn = 978-0-8153-3218-3 | publisher = Garland Science | year = 2002 }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Library resources box}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}


{{Molecular biology}}
{{Molecular and cellular biology}}{{Biochemistry topics}}
{{Gene expression}}
{{Branches of biology}}
{{Biotechnology}}
{{Branches of chemistry}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Biology}}

[[Category:Molecular biology| ]]
[[Category:Applied geometry]]

Ministry of Finance (Karnataka)

2026-01-26T07:16:37Z

Animesh: Adding Basic Pg First Draft

{{Short description|Karnataka Department of Finance}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Ministry of Finance, Government of Karnataka
| native_name = {{lang|hi|ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಹಣಕಾಸು‌ ಇಲಾಖೆ}}
| type = [[Government department|Ministry]]
| logo =
| logo_caption = Emblem of Karnataka
| formed = {{Start date|1956|05|01|df=y}}
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Karnataka]]
| headquarters = [[Vidhana Soudha]], Bengaluru
| coordinates =
| budget = ₹3.71 lakh crore (2025-26)<ref name="FE2025">{{Cite news |title=Karnataka Budget 2025 Live Updates |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/karnataka-budget-2025-live-updates-cm-siddaramaiah-bengaluru/3770120/ |work=Financial Express |date=2025-02-07}}</ref>
| minister1_name = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister]]
| chief1_name = Ritesh Kumar Singh (IAS)
| chief1_position = Additional Chief Secretary
| parent_agency =
| website = {{URL|finance.karnataka.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Ministry of Finance''' ({{langx|hi|ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಹಣಕಾಸು‌ ಇಲಾಖೆ}}) is a [[Government department|ministry]] within the State [[Government of Karnataka]] concerned with the economy of [[Karnataka]], serving as the Treasury of Karnataka.

== Overview ==
Established after the ''[[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]]'', the department gained statutory authority under the ''Karnataka Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2002''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://finance.karnataka.gov.in/13/About%20Us/en |publisher=Finance Department |date= |access-date= }}</ref>

The department is structured into three wings; the Budget wing prepares annual state budgets, the Treasury wing manages ₹1.2 lakh crore transactions annually,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Treasury Dashboard |url=https://finance.karnataka.gov.in/treasury |publisher=Finance Department |date= |access-date= }}</ref> and the State Taxes wing oversees annual revenue of ₹80,000 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karnataka tax collection grows 15% |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/karnataka-tax-revenue-2023-2862345 |work=Deccan Herald |date=2023-07-20}}</ref>

Key functions of the department include formulation of [[Economy of Karnataka|state economic policies]], administration of ₹3.71 lakh crore budget ({{as of|2025|lc=on}}),<ref name="FE2025"/> and implementation of the KPFMS digital platform.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karnataka launches e-Budget system |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/karnataka-budget-goes-digital-1071609.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=2022-01-15}}</ref>

The 2023 Comptroller and Auditor General report noted that 32 percent of scheme funds were unutilized, there were FRBM{{jargon-inline|date=January 2026}} norm violations in off-budget borrowing, and that there were implementation delays in the KPFMS digital platform.<ref name="CAG2023">{{Cite web |title=CAG Audit Report |url=https://cag.gov.in/ag2/karnataka/en/audit-report?sector%5B0%5D=27 |publisher=Comptroller and Auditor General |date=2023}}</ref>

Improvement measures include, in 2023, monthly spending reviews, and a forty percent reduction in approval layers.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karnataka cuts budget red tape |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-streamlines-fund-release-process/articleshow/101234567.cms |work=Times of India |date=2023-09-15}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|https://finance.karnataka.gov.in}}

[[Category:1956 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Economy of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Government of Karnataka|Finance]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1956]]

Sarajevo bread line massacre

2026-01-21T01:22:10Z

Animesh: Started a bio

{{Short description|Shelling of civilians during the Bosnian War}}
{{distinguish|Markale massacres}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title= Sarajevo bread line massacre
| partof = the [[Siege of Sarajevo]]
| image = FerhadijaStreetSarajevo (2).JPG
| image_size =
| caption = The site of the massacre pictured in 2015
| location = [[Sarajevo]], [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|43|51|32.44|N|18|25|31.89|E|display=inline,title}}
| target = Sarajevo civilians
| date = 27 May 1992
| time =
| timezone =
| type = Artillery attack
| fatalities = 26
| injuries = 108
| perps = [[Army of Republika Srpska]] (denied by Bosnian Serbs)
| motive = Alleged [[false flag]] (Bosnian Serb claim)
}}
The '''Sarajevo bread line massacre'''{{Cref2|a}} refers to the artillery attack on [[Sarajevo]] on 27 May 1992, suspected to have been carried out by the [[Army of Republika Srpska]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarajevo marks 28 anniversary since the Ferhadija street massacre|url=https://n1info.ba/english/news/a436649-sarajevo-marks-28-anniversary-since-the-ferhadija-street-massacre/|access-date= 27 May 2024}}</ref> Three grenades were fired from the position in the direction of Borije, which exploded among civilians who were waiting in line for bread on Sarajevo's main street Vaso Miskin street (today's [[Ferhadija street]]). 26 citizens of Sarajevo were killed and 108 were wounded.

The massacre was filmed and the scenes of murdered, wounded and maimed Sarajevans traveled the world and significantly contributed to the public at large sympathizing with the [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and against the [[Republika Srpska|Bosnian Serbs]] who were heavily criticized by the Western press on that occasion.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|last=Burns|first=John F.|authorlink=John Fisher Burns|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/28/world/mortar-attack-on-civilians-leaves-16-dead-in-bosnia.html |title=Mortar Attack on Civilians Leaves 16 Dead in Bosnia |agency=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 May 1992 |access-date=26 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

On 30 May 1992, the massacre was given as a reason for the [[United Nations Security Council]] passing the [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 757|Security Council Resolution 757]] which banned all international trade, scientific and technical cooperation, sports and cultural exchanges, air travel, and travel of government officials from the [[Serbia and Montenegro|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].<ref name="WaPo">{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Tony|authorlink=|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/02/06/shelling-of-sarajevo-market-kills-66-wounds-hundreds/e609f25a-a855-4a11-bd28-546eb3561917/ |title=SHELLING OF SARAJEVO MARKET KILLS 66, WOUNDS HUNDREDS |agency=[[The Washington Post]] |date=5 February 1994 |access-date=23 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Claims of the Serbian side==
The Serbian side denied responsibility for the war crime, attributing it to the [[Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and interpreting it as a [[false flag]] operation, claiming that mortar shells were fired from positions that at the time of the event were held by forces loyal to the Bosnian government in Sarajevo.<ref name="Independent">{{cite news|last=Doyle|first=Leonard|authorlink=|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/muslims-slaughter-their-own-people-bosnia-bread-queue-massacre-was-propaganda-ploy-un-told-1541801.html |title=Muslims 'slaughter their own people': Bosnia bread queue massacre was propaganda ploy, UN told |agency=[[The Independent]] |date=21 August 1992 |access-date=23 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Prosecutor's Office in The Hague==
The Ferhadija attack was not listed as one of the indictments that [[Ratko Mladić]] charged with, but was still referred to during his trial, as an example of artillery terror being used against Sarajevan civilians during the Bosnian Serb siege.<ref name="Sense">{{cite news|url=https://archive.sensecentar.org/vijesti.php?aid=16779 |title=DEFENSE: 'DEFICIENT' EVIDENCE ON BREAD QUEUE MASSACRE |agency=Sense |date=22 September 2015 |access-date=26 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mladic Witness Denies Serb Mortar Attacks|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2015/09/22/mladic-s-expert-denies-sarajevo-shelling-investigation-09-22-2015/|access-date= 27 May 2024}}</ref>

The Mladić defence witness, Zorica Subotić, a defence ballistics expert from [[Belgrade]], argued that Bosnian Serb forces were not responsible for several deadly artillery attacks against civilians, including both the Ferhadija attack and the [[Markale massacres]], and attributed blame to Bosniak forces.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mladic Witness Denies Serb Mortar Attacks|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2015/09/22/mladic-s-expert-denies-sarajevo-shelling-investigation-09-22-2015/|access-date= 27 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Balističarka obrane osporava odgovornost za sarajevske masakre|url=https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/sudjenje-mladicu-balisticarka-osporava-odgovornost-uza-markale/27262726.html|access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref>

In the Ferhadija case, Subotić claimed that there were several inconsistencies, including incorrect police reports taken after the incident, and claimed that, according to her findings, the shells has been fired from Bosnian Army positions between 100 and 120 meters away.<ref>{{cite web|title=Balističarka obrane osporava odgovornost za sarajevske masakre|url=https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/sudjenje-mladicu-balisticarka-osporava-odgovornost-uza-markale/27262726.html|access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="Sense">{{cite news|url=https://archive.sensecentar.org/vijesti.php?aid=16779 |title=DEFENSE: 'DEFICIENT' EVIDENCE ON BREAD QUEUE MASSACRE |agency=Sense |date=22 September 2015 |access-date=26 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

The tribunal however did not conduct any further investigation into the massacre.<ref>ICTY, IT-95-5/18-PT, Tužilac međunarodnog suda protiv Radovana Karadžića, Treća izmijenjena optužnica, 27 October 2009., Prilog G, Incidenti granatiranja u Sarajevu; ICTY, IT-09-92-PT, Tužilac međunarodnog suda protiv Ratka Mladića, Četvrta izmijenjena optužnica, 27 December 2011., Prilog G, Incidenti granatiranja u Sarajevu. {{in lang|sh}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
MemorialPlaqueFerhadijaStSarajevo.JPG|A memorial plaque on the site of the massacre
Sarajevo Rose (2).jpg|A [[Sarajevo Rose]], a concrete scar caused by a mortar shell's explosion that was later filled with red resin
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of massacres in the Bosnian War]]

==Notes==
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-alpha}}
{{Cnote2|a|The massacre is also referred to as the '''Vaso Miskin street massacre''' or the '''Ferhadija street massacre'''.}}
{{Cnote2 end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bosnian War}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarajevo bread line massacre}}
[[Category:1992 in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1992]]
[[Category:Massacres in the Bosnian War]]
[[Category:War crimes in the Bosnian War]]
[[Category:May 1992 in Europe]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 mass murders]]
[[Category:Siege of Sarajevo]]
[[Category:False flag operations]]

Ña

2026-01-10T22:06:55Z

Animesh: new a entry

{{short description|Letter in Indic scripts}}

{{multiple issues|
{{context|date=November 2015}}
{{cleanup lang|date=April 2021}}
}}
{{Infobox Indic letter |letname = Ña
|bengcp = 099E |bengimg = Bengali Letter Nya.svg
|tibtcp = 0F49 |tibtimg = Tibetan Nya.svg
|tamlcp = 0B9E |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஞஞ.svg
|thaicp = 0E0D
|mlymcp = 0D1E
|sinhcp = 0DA4
|brahcp = 1101C |ashokaimg = Brahmi ny.svg
|devacp = 091E |devaimg = Devanagari ञ.svg
| hbchar =
| grchar =
| lachar =
| cychar =
|ipa = ɲ |iast = ña |iscii = BC
}}

'''Ña''' or '''Nya''' is the tenth consonant of Indic abugidas. It is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|ny]].

==Historic Ña==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ña as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Nya]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad ny.svg|13px|Nya]]. The Tocharian Ña [[Image:Tocharian letter nya.gif|18px|Nya]] did not have an alternate [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. The third form of ña, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква NYА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter NYA.svg|15px|Nya]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

===Brahmi Ña===
The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Nya]], Ña, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Nun (letter)|Nun]] [[File:Nun.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[N]] and Greek [[Nu (letter)|Nu]]. Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ña can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.
{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Ña historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd–1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi ny.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar ny.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka ny.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat ny.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad ny.svg|37px]]
|}

===Tocharian Ña===
The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter nya.gif|25px|Ña]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Ña]], but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.
{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Ña with vowel marks
|-
! Ña !! Ñā !! Ñi !! Ñī !! Ñu !! Ñū !! Ñr !! Ñr̄ !! Ñe !! Ñai !! Ño !! Ñau !! Ñä
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter nya.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter nyaa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter nyi.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter nyii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter nyu.gif|37px]] ||  ||  ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter nye.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter nyai.gif|37px]] ||  ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter nyä.gif|37px]]
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Ña===
The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква NYА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter NYA.svg|15px|Ña]] is generally accepted as being derived from the altered Aramaic [[Nun (letter)|Nun]] [[File:Nun.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[N]] and [[Nu (letter)|Nu]], in addition to the Brahmi Ña.

==Devanagari script==
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Ña''' ('''ञ''', [[Sanskrit]] and [[Hindi]]: ञकार ''ñakāra'') is the tenth consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad ny.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ઞ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘗.

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In all languages, ञ is pronounced as {{IPA|hi|ɲə|}} or {{IPAblink|ɲ}} when appropriate, similar to the phoneme in English ''ca'''ny'''on'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|n|j|ə|n}}).. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari ञ with vowel marks
|-
! Ña !! Ñā !! Ñi !! Ñī !! Ñu !! Ñū !! Ñr̥ !! Ñr̥̄ !! Ñl̥ !! Ñl̥̄ !! Ñe !! Ñai !! Ño !! Ñau !! Ñ
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ञ
|ञा
|ञि
|ञी
|ञु
|ञू
|ञृ
|ञॄ
|ञॢ
|ञॣ
|ञे
|ञै
|ञो
|ञौ
|ञ्
|}


===Conjuncts with ञ===
[[File:Devanagari Nya half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Ña.]]
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of ञ====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.
* Repha र্ (r) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature rña: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RNya.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature rña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RNya.svg|125px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ñra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyRa.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + न (na) gives the ligature ñna:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyNa.svg|100px]]

====Devanagari Jña====
[[File:Devanagari JNya conjunct half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Jña half form]]
One of the most common true ligatures in Devanagari is the conjunct jña ज्ञ. This ligature is a required form for most Devanagari languages, and the conjunct even has its own half form that freely joins other letters in horizontal conjuncts.
* ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature jña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JNya.svg|100px]]
* Repha र্ (r) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature rjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RJNya.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature rjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RJNya.svg|125px]]
* भ্ (bʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature bʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BhJNya.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature bjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BJNya.svg|100px]]
* छ্ (cʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature cʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChJNya.svg|100px]]
* च্ (c) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature cjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct CJNya.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḍʱjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhJNya.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḍjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdJNya.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature djña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DJNya.svg|100px]]
* घ্ (ɡʱ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ɡʱjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct GhJNya.svg|100px]]
* ग্ (g) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature gjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct GJNya.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature hjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HJNya.svg|100px]]
* ज্ (j) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature jjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JJNya.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature jʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhJNya.svg|100px]]
* ख্ (kʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature kʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KhJNya.svg|100px]]
* क্ (k) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature kjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KJNya.svg|100px]]
* ल্ (l) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ljña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct LJNya.svg|100px]]
* म্ (m) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature mjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct MJNya.svg|100px]]
* न্ (n) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature njña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NJNya.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ñjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyJNya.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ŋjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgJNya.svg|100px]]
* फ্ (pʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature pʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PhJNya.svg|100px]]
* प্ (p) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature pjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PJNya.svg|100px]]
* श্ (ʃ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ʃjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ShJNya.svg|100px]]
* स্ (s) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature sjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SJNya.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṣjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsJNya.svg|100px]]
* थ্ (tʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature tʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ThJNya.svg|100px]]
* त্ (t) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature tjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TJNya.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthJNya.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtJNya.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature vjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VJNya.svg|100px]]
* य্ (y) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature yjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct YJNya.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of ञ====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.
* भ্ (bʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature bʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BhNya.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature bña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BNya.svg|100px]]
* छ্ (cʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature cʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChNya.svg|100px]]
* च্ (c) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature cña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct CNya.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḍʱña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhNya.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḍña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdNya.svg|100px]]
* ध্ (dʱ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature dʱjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DhJNya.svg|100px]]
* ध্ (dʱ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature dʱña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DhNya.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature dña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DNya.svg|100px]]
* घ্ (ɡʱ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ɡʱña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct GhNya.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature hña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HNya.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature jʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhNya.svg|100px]]
* ख্ (kʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature kʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KhNya.svg|100px]]
* क্ (k) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature kña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KNya.svg|100px]]
* ळ্ (ḷ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḷña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct LlNya.svg|100px]]
* ल্ (l) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature lña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct LNya.svg|100px]]
* म্ (m) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature mña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct MNya.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ŋña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgNya.svg|100px]]
* न্ (n) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature nña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NNya.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ñba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyBa.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + च (ca) gives the ligature ñca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyCa.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + ज (ja) gives the ligature ñja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyJa.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + ल (la) gives the ligature ñla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyLa.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ñña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyNya.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + व (va) gives the ligature ñva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyVa.svg|100px]]
* फ্ (pʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature pʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PhNya.svg|100px]]
* प্ (p) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature pña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PNya.svg|100px]]
* श্ (ʃ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ʃña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ShNya.svg|100px]]
* स্ (s) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature sña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SNya.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṣña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsNya.svg|100px]]
* थ্ (tʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature tʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ThNya.svg|100px]]
* त্ (t) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature tña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TNya.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthNya.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtNya.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature vña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VNya.svg|100px]]
* य্ (y) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature yña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct YNya.svg|100px]]

==Bengali script==
The Bengali script ঞ is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham ny.svg|13px]], and is marked by no horizontal head line, and a less geometric shape than its Devanagari counterpart, ञ. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ঞ will sometimes be transliterated as "ño" instead of "ña". Adding a "okar" (ও-কার), the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /ɲo/.
Like all Indic consonants, ঞ can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali ঞ with vowel marks
|-
! ña !! ñā !! ñi !! ñī !! ñu !! ñū !! ñr !! ñr̄ !! ñe !! ñai !! ño !! ñau !! ñ
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ঞ
|ঞা
|ঞি
|ঞী
|ঞু
|ঞূ
|ঞৃ
|ঞৄ
|ঞে
|ঞৈ
|ঞো
|ঞৌ
|ঞ্
|}

===ঞ in Bengali-using languages===
ঞ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. 

===Conjuncts with ঞ===
Bengali ঞ exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a mix of both stacked and linear ligatures.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>
* চ্ (c) + ঞ (ña) gives the ligature cña:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Cnya.svg |100px]]
* জ্ (j) + ঞ (ña) gives the ligature jña:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Jnya.svg |100px]]
* ঞ্ (ñ) + চ (ca) gives the ligature ñca:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NYca.svg |100px]]
* ঞ্ (ñ) + ছ (cʰa) gives the ligature ñcʰa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NYcha.svg |100px]]
* ঞ্ (ñ) + জ (ja) gives the ligature ñja:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NYja.svg |100px]]
* ঞ্ (ñ) + ঝ (jʰa) gives the ligature ñjʰa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NYjha.svg |100px]]
* ষ্ (ṣ) + ঞ (ña) gives the ligature ṣña:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct SSnya.svg |100px]]

==Gurmukhi Ña==
'''Ñaññā''' ('''ਞ''', {{langx|pa|ਞੱਞਾ}} ''ñaññā'') is a consonant of Gurmukhi. It is represented in Shahmukhi with {{langx|pa|ں}} ''nun gunnah'' or {{langx|pa|ن}} ''nun''.

==Gujarati Ña==
'''Ña''' ('''ઞ''') is a consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ña [[Image:Devanagari ञ.svg|13px|Nya]], and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Nya]].
[[File:Gujarati letter Nya.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Ña.]]
'''Ña''' ('''ઞ''') is a consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ña [[Image:Devanagari ञ.svg|13px|Nya]] with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Nya]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઞ is pronounced as {{IPA|gu|ɲə|}} or {{IPAblink|ɲ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:
{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Ña !! style="width:7%;"| Ñā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Ñi !! style="width:7%;"| Ñī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ñu !! style="width:5%;"| Ñū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ñr !! style="width:5%;"| Ñl !! style="width:5%;"| Ñr̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Ñl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ñĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ñe !! style="width:5%;"| Ñai !! style="width:7%;"| Ñŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Ño !! style="width:6%;"| Ñau !! style="width:7%;"| Ñ
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Nya Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Ña syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with ઞ===
[[File:Gujarati letter Nya half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Ña.]]
Gujarati ઞ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. Most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. 
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.
* ર્ (r) + ઞ (ɲa) gives the ligature RÑa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RNya.svg|100px]]
* ઞ્ (ɲ) + ર (ra) gives the ligature ÑRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct NyRa.svg|100px]]
* જ્ (j) + ઞ (ɲa) gives the ligature JÑa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct JNya.svg|100px]]
* ર્ (r) + જ (ja) ઞ (ɲa) gives the ligature RJÑa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RJNya.svg|100px]]
* જ (ja) + ઞ્ (ɲ) + ર (ra) gives the ligature JÑRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct JNyRa.svg|100px]]
* ઞ્ (ɲ) + ન (na) gives the ligature ÑNa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct NyNa.svg|100px]]

==Javanese Ña==
{{main|Nya (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ña==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Nya.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Ña
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Nya.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Ña
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Ña.
}}
'''Ña''' ('''ఞ''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Ñ]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಞ'''. Since it lacks the v-shaped headstroke common to most Telugu letters, ఞ remains unaltered by most vowel matras, and its subjoined form is simply a smaller version of the normal letter shape.
Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Ña==
[[File:Malayalam letter Nya.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Ña]]
'''Ña''' ('''ഞ''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Ñ]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Nya.svg|x15px|Ña]] ''Ña''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.
[[File:Malayalam Nya matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Ña matras: Ña, Ñā, Ñi, Ñī, Ñu, Ñū, Ñr̥, Ñr̥̄, Ñl̥, Ñl̥̄, Ñe, Ñē, Ñai, Ño, Ñō, Ñau, and Ñ.]]

===Conjuncts of ഞ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam script#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].
* ഞ് (ñ) + ച (ca) gives the ligature ñca:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct NyCa.svg]]
* ഞ് (ñ) + ജ (ja) gives the ligature ñja:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct NyJa.svg]]
* ജ് (j) + ഞ (ña) gives the ligature jña:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct JNya.svg]]
* ഞ് (ñ) + ഞ (ña) gives the ligature ñña:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct NyNya.svg]]

==Thai script==
'''Yo Ying''' ('''ญ''', {{langx|th|ญอ หญิง}}) is the thirteenth letter of the Thai script. It falls under the low class of Thai consonants. In IPA, yo ying is pronounced as [j] at the beginning of the syllable and [n] at the end of syllable and in Old Thai, it was pronounced as [ɲ], Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and use the pinthu—an explicit virama with a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script, ying (หญิง) means ‘woman’. Yo Ying corresponds to the Sanskrit character ‘ञ’.

==Odia Ña==
[[File:Odia letter Nya.svg|thumb|100px|Odia independent letter Ña]]
'''Ña''' ('''ଞ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Ñ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ny.svg|x15px|Ña]] ''Ña''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.
{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Ña with vowel matras
|-
! Ña !! Ñā !! Ñi !! Ñī !! Ñu !! Ñū !! Ñr̥ !! Ñr̥̄ !! Ñl̥ !! Ñl̥̄ !! Ñe !! Ñai !! Ño !! Ñau !! Ñ
|-
| {{big|ଞ}} || {{big|ଞା}} || {{big|ଞି}} || {{big|ଞୀ}} || {{big|ଞୁ}} || {{big|ଞୂ}} || {{big|ଞୃ}} || {{big|ଞୄ}} || {{big|ଞୢ}} || {{big|ଞୣ}} || {{big|ଞେ}} || {{big|ଞୈ}} || {{big|ଞୋ}} || {{big|ଞୌ}} || {{big|ଞ୍}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of ଞ ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. ଞ does not have the small subjoined form that is the most common means of conjunct formation in Odia. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. This ligature may be recognizable as being a combination of two characters or it can have a conjunct ligature unrelated to its constituent characters. For other conjuncts, an explicit [[Virama|Halanta]] is needed when adding ଞ.
* ଞ୍ (ñ) + ଚ (ca) gives the ligature ñca:
[[File:Odia conjunct NyCa.svg]]
* ଞ୍ (ñ) + ଛ (cʰa) gives the ligature ñcʰa:
[[File:Odia conjunct NyCha.svg]]
* ଞ୍ (ñ) + ଜ (ja) gives the ligature ñja:
[[File:Odia conjunct NyJa.svg]]
* ଞ୍ (ñ) + ଝ (jʰa) gives the ligature ñjʰa:
[[File:Odia conjunct NyJha.svg]]
* ଜ୍ (j) + ଞ (ña) gives the ligature jña:
[[File:Odia conjunct JNya.svg]]

==Kaithi Ña==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Kaithi Nya.svg
| alt1 = Kaithi consonant Ña
| image2 = Kaithi Nya half form.svg
| alt2 = Kaithi half-form letter Ña
| footer = Kaithi consonant and half-form Ña.
}}

'''Ña''' ('''𑂖''') is a consonant of the [[Kaithi script|Kaithi]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Ñ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ny.svg|x15px|Ña]] ''Ña''. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Kaithi Ña with vowel matras
|-
! Ña !! Ñā !! Ñi !! Ñī !! Ñu !! Ñū !! Ñe !! Ñai !! Ño !! Ñau !! Ñ
|-
| {{big|𑂖}} || {{big|𑂖𑂰}} || {{big|𑂖𑂱}} || {{big|𑂖𑂲}} || {{big|𑂖𑂳}} || {{big|𑂖𑂴}} || {{big|𑂖𑂵}} || {{big|𑂖𑂶}} || {{big|𑂖𑂷}} || {{big|𑂖𑂸}} || {{big|𑂖𑂹}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of 𑂖 ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Kaithi joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a [[half form]] of preceding consonants, although several consonants use an explicit [[virama]]. Most half forms are derived from the full form by removing the vertical stem. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjuncts of ''ra'' are indicated with a ''repha'' or ''rakar'' mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found in Kaithi writing, but true ligatures are not used in the modern Kaithi script.

* 𑂩୍ (r) + 𑂖 (ña) gives the ligature rña:
[[File:Kaithi conjunct RNya.svg|100px]]

==Tirhuta Ña==
[[File:TIRHUTA LETTER NYA.svg|thumb|right|100px|Tirhuta consonant Ña]]

'''Ña''' ('''𑒘''') is a consonant of the [[Tirhuta script|Tirhuta]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ny.svg|13px|Ñ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ny.svg|x15px|Ña]] ''Nya''. Like in other Indic scripts, Tirhuta consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent sylables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Tirhuta Ña with vowel matras
|-
! Ña !! Ñā !! Ñi !! Ñī !! Ñu !! Ñū !! Ñṛ !! Ñṝ !! Ñḷ !! Ñḹ !! Ñē !! Ñe !! Ñai !! Ñō !! Ño !! Ñau !! Ñ
|-
| {{big|𑒘}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒰}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒱}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒲}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒳}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒴}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒵}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒶}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒷}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒸}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒹}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒺}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒻}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒼}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒽}}
| {{big|𑒘𑒾}}
| {{big|𑒘𑓂}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of 𑒘 ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Tirhuta joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using an explicit [[virama]]. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjuncts of ''ra'' are indicated with a ''repha'' or ''rakar'' mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, other consonants take unique combining forms when in conjunct with other letters, and there are several vertical conjuncts and true ligatures that can be found in Tirhuta writing.

* 𑒖୍ (j) + 𑒘 (ña) gives the ligature jña:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct JNya.svg]]
* 𑒘୍ (ñ) + 𑒔 (ca) gives the ligature ñca:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct NyCa.svg]]
* 𑒘୍ (ñ) + 𑒕 (cʰa) gives the ligature ñcʰa:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct NyCha.svg]]
* 𑒘୍ (ñ) + 𑒩 (ra) gives the ligature ñra:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct NyRa.svg]]
* 𑒘୍ (ñ) + 𑒫 (va) gives the ligature ñva:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct NyVa.svg]]
* 𑒩୍ (r) + 𑒖୍ (j) + 𑒘 (ña) gives the ligature rjña:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct RJNya.svg]]
* 𑒩୍ (r) + 𑒘 (ña) gives the ligature rña:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct RNya.svg]]
* 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒖୍ (j) + 𑒘 (ña) gives the ligature tjña:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct TJNya.svg]]
* 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒘 (ña) gives the ligature tña:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct TNya.svg]]



==Comparison of Ña==
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ña, are related as well.
{{Indic glyph |letname = Ña
|devacp = 091E |devaimg = Devanagari ञ.svg
|bengcp = 099E |bengimg = Bengali Letter Nya.svg
|tamlcp = 0B9E |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஞஞ.svg
|telucp = 0C1E
|oryacp = 0B1E
|kndacp = 0C9E
|mlymcp = 0D1E
|gujrcp = 0A9E
|gurucp = 0A1E

|brahcp = 1101C |ashokaimg = Brahmi ny.svg
|kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka ny.svg
|guptaimg = Gupta ashoka ny.svg
|siddcp = 11597 |siddimg = Siddham ny.svg
|tibtcp = 0F49 |tibtimg = Tibetan Nya.svg
|zanbcp = 11A13
|newacp = 11418
|bhkscp = 11C17
|mymrcp = 1009
|mymr2cp = 100A
|khmrcp = 1789
|laoocp = 0E8E
|thaicp = 0E0D
|sinhcp = 0DA4
|cakmcp = 11110
|ahomcp = 11710
|diakcp = 11915
|nandcp = 119B7
|kthiimg = Kaithi Nya.svg | kthicp = 11096
|soyocp = 11A65
|marccp = 11C79
|dogrcp = 11813
|multcp = 1128F
|batkcp = 1BE0
|bugicp = 1A0E
|lanacp = 1A2C
|makacp = 11EEB
|gonmcp = 11D15
|tochimg = Tocharian letter nya.gif
|kawiimg = Aksara Kawi nya.svg
| armiimg = Nun.svg
| plavaimg = Pallava Nya.svg
| ranjimg = Ranjana ny.svg
|javacp=A99A|balicp=1B1C|rjngcp=A93B|sundcp=1B91}}

==Character encodings of Ña==
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter Ña in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ña from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]].
{{Indic encoding |= Ña
|devacp = 091E |devaimg = Devanagari ञ.svg
|bengcp = 099E |bengimg = Bengali Letter Nya.svg
|tamlcp = 0B9E |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஞஞ.svg
|telucp = 0C1E
|oryacp = 0B1E
|kndacp = 0C9E
|mlymcp = 0D1E
|gujrcp = 0A9E
|gurucp = 0A1E
|iscii = BC

|brahcp = 1101C |ashokaimg = Brahmi ny.svg
|kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka ny.svg
|guptaimg = Gupta ashoka ny.svg
|siddcp = 11597 |siddimg = Siddham ny.svg
|tibtcp = 0F49 |tibtimg = Tibetan Nya.svg
|tibtaltcp = 0F99
|zanbcp = 11A13
|newacp = 11418
|bhkscp = 11C17
|mymrcp = 1009
|mymr2cp = 100A
|khmrcp = 1789
|laoocp = 0E8E
|thaicp = 0E0D
|sinhcp = 0DA4
|cakmcp = 11110
|ahomcp = 11710
|diakcp = 11915
|nandcp = 119B7
|kthiimg = Kaithi Nya.svg | kthicp = 11096
|soyocp = 11A65
|marccp = 11C79
|dogrcp = 11813
|multcp = 1128F
|batkcp = 1BE0
|bugicp = 1A0E
|lanacp = 1A2C
|makacp = 11EEB
|gonmcp = 11D15
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".
{{Devanagari_abugida}}

[[Category:Indic letters]]

Thenkurissi-II

2026-01-02T19:59:42Z

Animesh:

{{Other uses|Thenkurissi (disambiguation){{!}}Thenkurissi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thenkurissi-II
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palakkad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 13010
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 6XXXXX
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Thenkurissi-II''' is a village in [[Palakkad district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Thenkurissi-II had a population of 13,010 with 6,227 males and 6,783 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thenkurissi-II Village Population - Alathur - Palakkad, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/627692-thenkurissi-ii-kerala.html |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-10}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Palakkad district}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Villages in Palakkad district]]

{{Palakkad-geo-stub}}

Kuvera.in

2025-12-30T08:41:51Z

Animesh: new

{{Short description|Indian Financial Services company}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Kuvera
| logo = [[File:Kuvera Logo.jpg|frameless|Kuvera Logo]]
| type = Private
| industry = Personal finance, financial services
| founded = 2016
| founder = Gaurav Rastogi,
Neelabh Sanyal
| fate = Acquired by CRED
| hq_location = Bangalore
| services = Direct Mutual Funds, Tax Harvesting,
Smart Trading, Family Account
| aum = ₹280 billion
| owner = [[Cred (company)|Cred]]
| parent = Arevuk Advisory Services Pvt. Ltd.
| website = https://kuvera.in
| location_country = India
}}

'''Kuvera''' is an Indian online [[wealth management]] platform for [[mutual fund]]s, [[Digital gold currency|digital gold]], [[fixed deposit]]s, [[cryptocurrency exchange]], [[insurance]] & US [[Exchange-traded fund|ETF]] investment. It is operated by Arevuk Advisory Services Pvt. Ltd., a company headquartered in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/using-the-internet-for-your-financial-investments/article25134440.ece|title=Using the Internet for your financial investments|last=Parikh|first=Saurin|date=5 October 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=31 July 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/kqmVhDkoThQA32XU8n6bxM/Mutual-funds-platform-Kuvera-raises-2500000-from-angel-inv.html|title=Mutual funds platform Kuvera raises $250,000 from angel investors|last=Malik|first=Yuvraj|date=3 March 2018|website=livemint|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> In February 2024, Kuvera was acquired by [[Cred (company)|Cred]].<ref name=":2" />

== History ==
Kuvera was founded in 2016 by Gaurav Rastogi - ex-portfolio manager at [[Morgan Stanley]] and Neelabh Sanyal - former vice-president with Axis Capital.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/xhUdOIb22On0q5NRBnKeMK/Mutual-funds-platform-Kuvera-ties-up-with-Uber.html|title=Mutual funds platform Kuvera ties up with Uber|last=Malik|first=Yuvraj|date=23 August 2017|website=LiveMint|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> Mayank Sharma, cloud architect at Amagi joined as the third co-founder in 2017, assuming the responsibility of head of technology.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 July 2020|title=Kuvera Banks On Gamification To Bring Young Indians Into The Investment Fold|url=https://inc42.com/startups/kuvera-banks-on-gamification-to-bring-young-indians-into-the-investment-fold/|access-date=4 December 2020|website=Inc42 Media|language=en-US}}</ref>

Kuvera.in derives its name from Kuber (also called [[Kubera]] or Kuvera), the lord of riches and treasures according to [[Hindu mythology]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Subhamoy |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kuber the Lord of Riches |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/kuber-the-lord-of-riches-1770298 |access-date=31 July 2019 |website=Learn Religions |language=en}}</ref>

Kuvera's parent company, Arevuk Advisory Services Pvt. Ltd. registered as investment advisor (RIA) with [[Securities and Exchange Board of India|SEBI]] (registration no INA200005166) on 19 July 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebiweb/other/OtherAction.do?doRecognisedFpi=yes&intmId=13&regno=INA200005166|title=SEBI {{!}} Investment Adviser|website=www.sebi.gov.in|access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

The website was launched in 2017.<ref name=":0" /> Over the course of the year, Kuvera introduced the robo-advisory tools on its platform.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vccircle.com/robo-advisory-startup-kuvera-looks-to-tap-into-direct-mutual-funds-market|title=Robo-advisory startup Kuvera looks to tap into direct mutual funds market|website=VCCircle|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

Kuvera raised a total of $500,000 in two rounds of [[Angel investor|angel funding]]. In March 2018, it raised $250,000 in the second round of angel investment from Baskar Subramanian, co-founder, Amagi, Saket Kumar, managing director, Swank Capital among others.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/kuvera-raises-250k-from-angel-investors-2520755.html|title=Kuvera raises $250k from angel investors|website=Moneycontrol|access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vccircle.com/online-financial-planning-platform-kuvera-raises-angel-funding|title=Online financial planning platform Kuvera raises angel funding|date=3 March 2018|website=VCCircle|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

In April 2019, Kuvera received a Series A investment of $4.5 Million from the lead investor Eight Roads Fintech Strategic Investments,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inc42.com/buzz/wealth-management-startup-kuvera-raises-funding-eight-roads|title=Wealth Management Startup Kuvera Raises $4.5 Mn From Eight Roads|date=16 April 2019|website=Inc42 Media|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eightroads.com/en/news/kuvera-raises-4-5m-in-series-a-funding|title=Kuvera raises $4.5m in Series A funding|website=Eight Roads|language=en|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref> the investment arm of [[Fidelity International]] for building the team and expanding the product portfolio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vccircle.com/eight-roads-writes-4-5-mn-cheque-to-digital-investment-platform-kuvera|title=Eight Roads writes $4.5 mn cheque to digital investment platform Kuvera|date=16 April 2019|website=VCCircle|language=en-US|access-date=31 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fintechfutures.com/2019/04/indian-wealthtech-kuvera-raises-4-5m/|title=Indian wealthtech Kuvera raises $4.5m|last=April 2019|first=17th|website=FinTech Futures|language=en-GB|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref>

The company also launched a group health insurance cover for its users underwritten by Bharti AXA that covers medical expenses.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaur|first=Avneet|date=30 September 2020|title=Kuvera introduces group health insurance for its users|url=https://www.livemint.com/insurance/news/kuvera-launches-health-insurance-at-35-lower-premiums-11601451764240.html|access-date=4 December 2020|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

Mayank Sharma, [[Chief technology officer|CTO]] left the company in February 2021.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}

In February 2024, Kuvera was acquired by [[Financial technology|fintech]] company [[Cred (company)|Cred]] in a cash and stock deal to enter the wealth-management space.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Rag |first=Ajay |date=6 February 2024 |title=Cred to buy Kuvera to enter wealth management |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/cred-acquires-mutual-fund-startup-kuvera-marks-entry-into-wealth-management/articleshow/107452761.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Partnership ==
In September 2020, the company established a partnership with Vested Finance to allow its Indian traders to invest in the US stocks including [[Netflix]], [[Facebook]], and [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 September 2020|title=Mutual funds platform Kuvera now offers Indian investors to invest in US stocks|url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/mutual-funds-platform-kuvera-now-offers-indian-investors-to-invest-in-us-stocks-11599027874576.html|access-date=4 December 2020|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Borate|first=Neil|date=3 September 2020|title=Investment apps offer integrated platforms for global, local stocks|url=https://www.livemint.com/money/personal-finance/investment-apps-offer-integrated-platforms-for-global-local-stocks-11599099448891.html|access-date=4 December 2020|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Mutual funds in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://kuvera.in Official Website]

{{Financial services in India}}
{{Online brokerages}}
{{FinTech in India}}

[[Category:Financial services companies established in 2016]]
[[Category:Financial services companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Karnataka]]

Bangalore Rural district

2025-10-31T13:03:17Z

Animesh: redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Bengaluru North district]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Thayumanavan (TV series)

2025-10-21T07:42:30Z

Animesh: new article

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Thayumanavan serial.jpg
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| creative_director =
| director = Francis Kathiravan
| starring = Mathialagan [[Maheshwari Chanakyan]] [[Poornitha|Kalyani]] [[Madhumila]] [[Nancy Jennifer]] Sujithra Anwar Kamal [[Kuyili (actress)|Kuyili]] Rajasekar
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 288
| list_episodes =
| producer =
| company =
| theme_music_composer = [[Vishal Chandrasekhar]]
| opentheme = "Puyal Ondru"
| composer = Ilayavan
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 20-22 minutes per episode
| channel = [[STAR Vijay]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2013|7|15}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2014|9|5}}
}}

'''''Thayumanavan''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language soap opera that aired on [[Vijay TV]] from 15 July 2013 through 5 September 2014 on Monday through Friday 7:30PM ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]). The show stars Mathialagan, [[Maheshwari Chanakyan]], [[Poornitha|Kalyani]], Kamal, [[Madhumila]], Jeniffer and Sujithra. The show is directed by Francis Kathiravan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/thayumanavan-tamil-serial-on-vijay-tv/|title= Thayumanavan on Vijay TV|website=www.indiantvinfo.com|date= 16 July 2013|accessdate=}}</ref>

The story of a single father (Mathialagan) and his five doting daughters (Maheswari, [[Poornitha|Kalyani]], [[Madhumila]], [[Nancy Jennifer]] and Sujithra). The story line revolves around the father-daughter relationship. The different lifestyles of the daughters and the way the father grows up along with his daughters to fulfill the gap of the mother.

==Plot==
Maha's marriage is stopped as the groom runs off on the day of engagement. To manage the situation, Bharathi, who is Mathi's sister's son, marries Maha. Soon after the marriage, Mathiazhagan learns about Bharathi's love with Janani and he expels him from the family. Maha becomes upset and starts going to work. The father then solves the differences with his daughters and gets them a good life.

==Cast==

===Main===
{{cast listing|
* Mathialagan M as Mathiazagan: A single father and businessman. After the death of his wife, he lives only for his five children.
* [[Maheshwari Chanakyan]] as Mahalakshmi: The first daughter of Mathiazagan and Barathi's wife. She respects her father.
* [[Poornitha|Kalyani]] as Janani: The third daughter of Mathiazagan and Barathi ex-girlfriend. A strong woman.
* Kamal Hassan as Bharathi: Mathiazagan's sister's son, Maha's husband and Janani's ex-lover
* [[Madhumila]] as Subha: The second daughter of Mathiazagan and Ashok's wife
* [[Nancy Jennifer]] as Indra: The fourth daughter of Mathiazagan and a college student
* Sucithra as Suchithra: The fifth daughter of Mathiazagan and school girl. She does not know her mother's face, she lives with her grandparents.
}}

===Additional cast===
{{cast listing|
* [[Shreekumar]] as a Police Inspector; the love interest and eventually husband of Janani.
* Manoj/[[Syed Anwar Ahmed]] as Ashok: The second son-in-law of Mathiazagan; Suba's husband.
* [[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]] as Vicky
* Rajasekar
* [[Kuyili (actress)|Kuyili]]
* Raghavan Durairaj
* [[K. Natraj]] as Mathi's uncle
* Anbazhagan (Anbu)
* Raghavendran
* Azhagappan
* Karthik Sasidharan as Guna
}}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|- bgcolor="blue"
!style="width:25pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Year
!style="width:80pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Award
!style="width:120pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Category
!style="width:60pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Recipient
!style="width:60pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Role
!style="width:40pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Result
|-
|rowspan="3" | 2014
| rowspan="3" | [[Vijay Television Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Vijay-Television-awards-launched/articleshow/35617411.cms|title= Vijay Television Awards launched|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://awardsandwinners.com/category/Vijay-Awards/|title= Vijay Television Awards 2014 Winners |website=awardsandwinners.com}}</ref>
| Favourite Actor Male
| Kamalahasan
| Bharathi
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Supporting Actor Male
| Mathialagan
| Mathiyazhagan
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite International Find
| Mathialagan
| Mathiyazhagan
| {{Nom}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt13779094}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Television series about families]]
[[Category:Television series about sisters]]

New Sanglau Longting

2025-10-11T18:42:41Z

Animesh: starting

{{Short description|Village in Nagaland, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = New Sanglau Longting Village
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = kix
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.0344|95.0008|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Noklak district|Noklak]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 756
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Patsho Khiamniungan]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = NL
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''New Sanglau Longting''' is a village located 51 km from [[Noklak district]], with a population of 331 across 82 households. It was inaugurated by L Khumo, who was then Advisor of fisheries & aquatic resources, Evaluation, economic and statistics, Government of Nagaland.<ref>[https://nagalandtribune.in/noklak-new-sanglao-longding-village-inaugurated/ Noklak: New Sanglau Longding inaugurated]</ref>

The village is situated in the [[Thounoknyu]] circle of Tuensang district in Nagaland, India.<ref>[Village info : Indian village directory about New Sanglao Longding]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://noklak.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |title=Village & Panchayats Name of Administrative Circle: Noklak |access-date=19 March 2024 |archive-date=10 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210072819/https://noklak.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The most widely spoken language is [[Patsho Khiamniungan]], spoken by the local [[Patsho|Patsho community]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Villages in Noklak district]]

Sultanpur Majra

2025-10-09T05:02:00Z

Animesh: new a entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sultan Pur Majra
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = census town/village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Delhi
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|28|41|53|N|77|04|08|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North West Delhi|North West]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 163716
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 110083
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sultanpur Majra'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Delhi News Highlights: Sultanpur Majra MLA to be one of two new Cabinet Ministers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-cm-news-live-updates-atishi-kejriwal-aap-9573603/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> is a [[census town]] in [[Sultanpur Majra Assembly constituency|Sultanpuri]] in [[North West Delhi|North West district]] in the [[India]]n [[Union Territory of Delhi]].

==Demographics==

{{Historical population
| source = [[Government of India]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Tables |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref>
|1981 | 56058
|1991 | 111567
|2001 | 164426
|2011 | 181554
|align = left
}}

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Sultan Pur Majra had a population of 163,716. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sultan Pur Majra has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 51%. In Sultan Pur Majra, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North West Delhi district]]

{{Delhi-geo-stub}}

S. K. Bagga

2025-10-05T12:34:42Z

Animesh:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1954–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. K. Bagga
| image =
| constituency_AM = [[Krishna Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Krishna Nagar]]
| assembly = Delhi Legislative
| term_start1 = February 2015
| term_end1 = 8 February 2025
| predecessor1 = [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]
| successor1 = [[Anil Goyal]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| alma_mater = [[Meerut University]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1954|2|7}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2025|3|5|1954|2|7}}
}}

'''S. K. Bagga''' (7 February 1954 – 5 March 2025) was an Indian politician and member of the [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]. A member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]], he represented [[Krishna Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Krishna Nagar (Assembly constituency)]] of Delhi.<ref name="Election result1">{{cite news|title=Election result|publisher=Election commission of India|accessdate=10 February 2015|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/StatewiseU05.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227005206/http://eciresults.nic.in/StatewiseU05.htm|archive-date=27 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
S. K. Bagga was the son of S. L. Bagga.<ref name="aff"/> He was a lawyer and a social worker.<ref name="zee"/> He was an [[Master of Commerce|M. COM]] (post-graduate) and became an advocate ([[LLB]]) from [[Meerut University]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1992.<ref name="aff">{{cite web | url=http://docs2.myneta.info/affidavits/ews3delhi2015/171/SKBAGGA.pdf | title=S K Bagga Affdavit | work=myneta.info/ | accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/delhi/krishna-nagar-mla-results | title=Krishna Nagar Results | work=NDTV | accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

Bagga and his family were part of the [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement]] under the leadership of [[Anna Hazare]]. He was the president of the Bhagwan Shri Ram Chander Dusshera Dharmik Committee from 1993 until his death. The organization works for education of underprivileged children.<ref name="asian age"/>

Bagga was a resident of Krishna Nagar, Delhi and worked in the area as a lawyer and a social worker for more than 40 years.<ref name="asian age"/>

==Political career==
Bagga contested from [[Krishna Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Krishna Nagar constituency]] in the [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]]s from the AAP against [[Kiran Bedi]], the chief ministerial candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref name="zee">{{cite news | url=http://zeenews.india.com/exclusive/after-defeating-kiran-bedi-aap-leader-sk-bagga-vows-to-make-krishna-nagar-a-model-constituency_1545777.html | title=After defeating Kiran Bedi, AAP leader SK Bagga vows to make Krishna Nagar a model constituency | date=14 February 2015 | agency=Zee News | accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> He raised the issue of a simplified [[Value-added taxation in India|Value-added tax (VAT)]] as well as other issues of traders.<ref name="asian age"/> He got 65,919 votes and defeated his nearest rival Bedi by a margin of 2,277 votes.<ref name="Election result1" /><ref>[http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0567.htm?ac=60 Assembly Elections 2015 Results, Election Commission of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191056/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0567.htm?ac=60 |date=2 January 2014 }}</ref>

Krishna Nagar had previously been held by [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]] of the BJP (since 1993), who vacated the seat when he was elected to the [[Lok Sabha|Indian Parliament]] in the [[2014 Lok Sabha elections|2014 Indian general elections]]. It was considered a bastion of the BJP and a "safe" seat for BJP, which banked on Harsh Vardhan's work in the assembly. Bagga's win was considered a "shocking" upset and earned him sobriquets like "man of the match", "giant killer" and "show stealer". The previously little-known Bagga rose to instant fame, after his victory.<ref name="zee"/><ref name="asian age">{{cite news | url=http://www.asianage.com/delhi/kiran-bedi-outsider-says-giant-killer-sk-bagga-654 | title=Kiran Bedi an outsider, says giant killer SK Bagga | work=The Asian Age | date=11 February 2015 | accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> Bagga said that his victory was due to his work in the area, while Bedi, who does not reside in the area, was an "outsider".<ref name="asian age"/>

===Member of Legislative Assembly (2015–2020)===
Between 2015 and 2020, he was a Member of the [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]] representing [[Krishna Nagar Assembly constituency]].

===Member of Legislative Assembly (2020–2025)===
From 2020 to 2025, he was an elected member of the [[7th Delhi Assembly]] representing [[Krishna Nagar Assembly constituency]].

;[[7th Delhi Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Delhi Legislative Assembly]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Committee System in Legislative Assembly of National Capital Territory of Delhi |url=http://www.delhiassembly.nic.in/Committee/CS-Eng.pdf |website=Legislative Assembly National Capital Territory of Delhi |access-date=17 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163636/http://www.delhiassembly.nic.in/Committee/CS-Eng.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Member (2022–2023), [[7th Delhi Assembly#Committee on Estimates (2022–23)|Committee on Estimates]]<ref name="Delhi House Committees 2021-2022">{{cite web |title=Delhi Legislative Assembly National Capital Territory Of Delhi Composition Of House Committees 2021-2022 |url=http://www.delhiassembly.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeComposition.htm |access-date=17 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226020949/http://www.delhiassembly.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeComposition.htm |archive-date=26 December 2021}}</ref>

== Death ==
Bagga died on 5 March 2025, at the age of 71.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=Former AAP MLA SK Bagga, Who Defeated Kiran Bedi, Passes Away At 71 |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/former-aap-mla-from-krishna-nagar-sk-bagga-who-defeated-kiran-bedi-passes-away-enn25030504160 |website=ETV Bharat News |access-date=5 March 2025 |language=en |date=5 March 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
* [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Government of India]]
* [[Politics of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Delhi
| constituency= Krishna Nagar
| before= [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]
| after= Anil Goyal
| years= [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]–2025}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagga, S. K.}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party MLAs from Delhi]]

Amaravati ki Kathayein

2025-09-30T12:02:25Z

Animesh:

{{Short description|Indian Television Series}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| genre = [[Anthology]]
| based_on = {{based on|"[[Amaravati Kathalu]]"|[[Satyam Sankaramanchi]]}}
| director = [[Shyam Benegal]]
| producer = [[Venugopal K Thakker]]
| writer = [[Satyam Sankaramanchi]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 22½ minutes
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 13
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|1995|5|29}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|1995|8|29}}
| channel = [[DD National]]
}}

'''''Amravati Ki Kathayein''''' is an [[India]]n anthology TV series, based on the Telugu short story collection "[[Amaravati Kathalu]]" by [[Satyam Sankaramanchi]]. It was produced by Venugopal K Thakker (Provideo) and directed by [[Shyam Benegal]] and aired on the main channel of Indian National Broadcaster [[Doordarshan]]. It originally was telecast every Monday from 29 May to 29 August 1995 with a total of 13 episodes. The series had a second run in 2005.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/02/25/stories/2005022502410600.htm|website=[[The Hindu]]|title=Entertainment Chennai / TV Serials : Amaravati Ki Kathayein — The Little Fish|date=2005-02-25|accessdate=29 April 2019}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

The stories were based in village of [[Amaravati]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://satyagrah.scroll.in/article/6744/introduction-of-amaravathi|title='अमरावती की कथाएं' से आंध्र की नई राजधानी तक|first=सत्याग्रह|last=ब्यूरो|website=Satyagrah.scroll.in|accessdate=29 April 2019}}</ref> in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It depicted snippets from daily life of the people of the village.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> In a review, Sheila Vajpayee of [[Indian Express]] wrote, "Amaravati Ki Kathayein is a rebuke to all of us who consistently complain that television and quality are irreconcilable enemies." Writing for [[The Times of India]], Iqbal Masood called the series "path breaking" and urged Doordarshan "to make its channels more decent and civilized with series like Amaravati Ki Kathayein".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://provideoindia.com/SERIAL/Amaravati%20Ki%20Kathayein/Synopsis.html|title=Amaravati Ki Kathayein|website=Provideoindia.com|accessdate=29 April 2019}}</ref> The episodes are about 22½ minutes long.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

== Cast ==

* [[Virendra Saxena]]
* [[Mohan Gokhale]]
* [[Ayesha Jalil]]
* [[Sulbha Arya]]
* [[Ashok Kumar (Telugu actor)|Ashok Kumar]]
* [[Raghubir Yadav]]
* [[Neena Gupta]]
* [[Ravi Jhankal]]
* [[Pallavi Joshi]]
* [[Lalit Mohan Tiwari]]
* [[Suma Kanakala]]
* [[Shrivallabh Vyas]]
* [[Rakesh Srivastav]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|d=y|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|s=no|wikt=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|c=Category:Mad Men}}
* {{IMDb title|5657744}}

[[Category:Indian historical television series]]
[[Category:Television shows based on short fiction]]
[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:1995 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:1995 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Television shows based on Indian novels]]

Narasampalayam

2025-09-20T08:19:21Z

Animesh: Adding First Post Nd Citations

{{Short description|Village or area was historically known for metalwork, or iron tool production}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2020}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Narasampalayam
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates ={{coord|13.490043|N|80.136691|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gummidipoondi taluk]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 3
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 362
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 628556
| footnotes =
}}
'''Narasampalayam''' is a village in the [[Tiruvallur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Gummidipoondi taluk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |title=Tamil Nadu village directory |publisher=Government of India |accessdate=2015-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095332/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=January 2020}}{{dead link|date=January 2020}}

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Narasampalayam has 133 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 75.33%.<ref name="census_2011"/>{{failed verification|date=January 2020|reason=No mention of Narasampalayam in the source}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-3301-F-Census.xlsx |title=Thiruvallur population |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu |accessdate=2015-10-11 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 362 || 186 || 176
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 201 || 103 || 98
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Literates || 236 || 155 || 81
|-
| Workers (all) || 234 || 147 || 87
|-
| Main workers (total) || 47 || 40 || 7
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 163 || 88 || 75
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 5 || 2 || 3
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 17 || 17 || 0
|-
| Non-workers || 126 || 31 || 95
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Gummidipoondi taluk}}

[[Category:Villages in Gummidipoondi taluk]]

Chirote

2025-08-14T02:13:31Z

Animesh: starting initial details w/ sources...

{{Short description|Indian dessert}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = ''Chirote'' ''Peni''
| image = Chiroti.jpg
| caption =
| alternate_name = Cheeroti
| country = [[India]]
| region = [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], and [[Telangana]]
| creator =
| type = Indian dessert
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[maida flour|Maida]], [[sugar]], [[ghee]]
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}
'''''Chirote''''' (sometimes '''''chiroti''''' or '''''cheeroti'''''; also called '''''pheni''''' or '''''peni''''') is a delicacy predominantly served in Maharashtra and former Bombay State areas in Karnataka. It is also famous in parts of [[Telangana state]], especially in the district of [[Nalgonda]] where it is known by the name ''peni''. It is served as a dessert on special occasions such as a festival or a wedding.<ref>{{cite book|last=Phillip|first=T E|title=Modern Cookery: For Teaching and the Trade, P 561 |year=2003 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=9788125025184|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wnrrbMJyN0C&q=indian+sweets+chiroti&pg=PA561}}</ref>
[[File:Pheni1.jpg|thumb|right|Semolina based ''pheni laadu'' and badam milk, karnataka sweet dish]]

==Preparation==
It's prepared <ref>{{cite book|last=Dubey|first=Krishna Gopal|title=The Indian Cuisine, P 267 | year=2010 |publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. | url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8120341708}}</ref> by rolling out kneaded dough made of [[maida flour|maida]] into layered circular shapes and then deep frying in [[ghee]] or refined oil. The outcome resembles a semi golden brown fluffy poori, which is then sprinkled liberally with powdered sugar and optionally grated [[almonds]] and [[cashew]]. Chirote is served by adding sweetened [[milk]] over it.

==See also==
* [[List of fried dough foods]]
* [[List of Indian dishes]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sailusfood.com/2013/10/30/chiroti-best-indian-sweets-recipes/ Chiroti Recipe]
* [http://bhaatukli.blogspot.in/2007/09/chirotichirote-rci-karnataka.html Chiroti/Chirote]

{{Doughnut}}

[[Category:Vegetarian dishes of India]]
[[Category:Karnataka cuisine]]
[[Category:Deep fried foods]]

{{India-food-stub}}

Balrajsinh Chauhan

2025-07-29T14:53:43Z

Animesh: added a article more to come

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Balrajsinh Chauhan''' (born 1971)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Chauhan Balrajsinh Kalyansinh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DAHEGAM(GANDHINAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=6208 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Dahegam Assembly constituency in [[Gandhinagar district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Dahegam Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Chauhan Balrajsinh Kalyansinh Wins From Dahegam , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/dahegam-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568130 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-09 |title=Gujarat Election Results 2022: Full list of winners & constituencies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winners-constituencies/articleshow/96105904.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Gujarat Assembly Election Results 2022: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-winning-candidates-constituency-8312674/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Chauhan is from [[Dahegam]], Gandhinagar district, Gujarat. He is the son of Kalyansinh Deharsinh Chauhan. He completed his LLB in 1999 Siddharth Law College, Gandhinagar after doing his BA in 1995 at Maniben Bhikhabhai Commerce College.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Chauhan won from [[Dahegam Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 75,133 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Vakhatsinh Chauhan of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 16,173 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0634.htm?ac=34 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131162845/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0634.htm?ac=34 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=results.eci.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] defeating Kaminiba Bhupendrasinh Rathod of the Indian National Congress by a margin of 10,860 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dehgam Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Chauhan Balrajsinh Kalyansinh of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/dehgam-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6562927.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dahegam Assembly Seat, Gujarat Election 2022 – Get Dahegam constituency news updates and complete details {{!}} Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/dahegam-34 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203050222/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/dahegam-34 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chauhan, Balrajsinh}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Gandhinagar district]]

Dinshah Pirosha Madon

2025-07-27T10:00:18Z

Animesh:

{{short description|Indian judge (born 1921)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
'''Dinshah Pirosha Madon''' (7 April 1921 – 24 June 1994) was an Indian judge who served on the Supreme Court of India.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIAyDwAAQBAJ&q=Dinshah+Pirosha+Madon&pg=PT10|title=Judges of the Supreme Court of India: 1950–1989|last=George H. Gadbois, Jr|date=2 May 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199088386|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Madan was born on 7 April 1921. He studied at Imperial High School, [[Bombay]], Sardar Dastur Noshirwan High School of [[Poona]], and [[Elphinstone College]]. He passed [[LL.B]]. from the [[Government Law College, Mumbai]]. Madon was enrolled as an Advocate on 21 November 1944 and started practice on the Original Side of the [[Bombay High Court]] and [[Supreme Court of India]]. He worked on Civil, Constitutional, Taxation and Criminal matters. Madon also pleaded in foreign courts, such as the [[East African Court of Appeal]] at [[Nairobi]] and in the Supreme Court of [[Aden]]. From 1952 to 1955 he served as part-time Professor of [[Law]], Government Law College of Bombay. On 25 September 1967, Madon was appointed Additional Judge of the Bombay High Court and his appointment was made permanent on 6 August 1969. He was the head of the Commission of Inquiry into the [[1970 Bhiwandi riots]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sabrangindia.in/tags/justice-dp-madon-commission-inquiry-communal-disturbances-bhiwandi|title=Justice DP Madon Commission of Inquiry into the Communal Disturbances at Bhiwandi|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/remembering-the-wrong/article4208078.ece|title=Remembering the wrong|last=Menon|first=Meena|date=17 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref> He became the Chief Justice of Bombay High Court on 11 August 1982 after Justice [[Venkat Shrinivas Deshpande]]. Justice Madon was elevated in the post of Judge of the Supreme Court of India on 15 March 1983 and retired on 7 April 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/cjshow.php?auth=cGFnZW5vPTM=|title=CHIEF JUSTICE MR. DINSHAH PIROSHA MADON|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.107.37/judges/bio/53_dpmadon.htm|title=Former Judges|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref>

Madan died on 24 June 1994.<ref>{{cite news |title=Some thoughts, some reservations |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/some-thoughts-some-reservations--------/3497/3 |access-date=1 February 2023 |publisher=Indian Express |date=11 May 2006}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madon, Dinshah Pirosha}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]

Sanjay Jog

2025-07-11T11:27:50Z

Animesh: new new entry

{{Short description|Indian actor (1955–1995)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sanjay Jog
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| other_names =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1955|09|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Bombay State]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|11|27|1955|09|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| yearsactive = 1975–1995
| spouse ={{marriage|Neeta Jog|1979|1995}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2023 |title=Sanjay Jog and Neeta Jog's son getting married second time |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/ramayan-bharat-aka-sanjay-jog-son-ranjeet-jog-second-wedding-with-pranali-dhumal-a-a592/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>
| children = 2
}}

'''Sanjay Jog''' (24 September 1955– 27 November 1995)<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=Sanjay Jog played Bharat role in Ramayana had passed away at the age of 40 read unknown facts |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/television/article/sanjay-jog-played-bharat-role-in-ramayana-had-passed-away-at-the-age-of-40-read-unknown-facts/435625 |access-date= |website= |language=hi}}</ref> was an Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]] language [[List of Marathi film actors|film actor]] who appeared in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Hindi]] films and television series. Known for his performance in [[Ramanand Sagar|Ramanand Sagar's]] ''[[Ramayan (1987 TV series)|Ramayan]]'' and ''[[Luv Kush]]'', Jog started his career with Marathi film ''Sapla'' in 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=रामायण: रामभक्त 'भरत' संजय जोग जिसे भूल गई दुनिया, 40 की उम्र में लीवर फेल होने से हुई मौत |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/bharat-of-ramanand-sagar-ramayana-sanjay-jog-age-death-wife-children-family |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
Jog was born on 24 September 1955 in [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]. He was a [[farmer]] before started his career as an actor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=किसान से रामानंद सागर की रामायण के 'भरत' कैसे बन गए संजय जोग? जानें उनकी जिंदगी का जुड़ा यह दिलचस्प किस्सा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/sanjay-jog-death-anniversary-know-how-bharat-of-ramanand-sagar-ramayan-become-actor-from-a-farmer-career |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> He was married to Neeta Jog in 1979. He had two children, including Ranjeet Jog.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramayan: एक्टिंग छोड़ किसान बन गए थे रामायण के भरत संजय जोग, इस बीमारी से हुई थी दर्दनाक मौत |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/tv/story-ramanand-sagar-ramayan-bharat-urf-sanjay-jog-passed-away-at-the-age-of-40-due-to-this-disease-8451219.html |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=लोकप्रिय अभिनेते संजय जोग यांचा मुलगा चढला बोहोल्यावर; अभिनेत्रीसोबतच बांधली लग्नगाठ |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/photogallery/entertainment/actor-sanjay-jog-son-ranjeet-jog-got-married-with-actress-pranali-dhumal/photoshow/101644258.cms |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>

== Career ==
Jog's first movie ''Sapla'' released in 1975 but it didn't do well, so he went back to [[Nagpur]] and started farming. During a work trip to Mumbai, he got offered a lead role in the Marathi film ''Zidd'', which turned out to be a hit. This success led to a flourishing career with around 30 Marathi films and some work in Gujarati films.<ref>{{Cite web |title='रामायण' के 'भरत' की मौत 40 की उम्र में हुई थी इस गंभीर बीमारी से, पहले ऑफर हुआ था ये रोल |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/tv-ramayan-character-bharat-actor-sanjay-jog-unknown-facts-of-personal-life-and-professional-life-20201576.html?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

Jog started his Bollywood journey with ''Apna Ghar'' and went on to act in films like ''[[Jigarwala]]'', ''[[Humshakal (1992 film)|Humshakal]]'', ''Naseebwala'', and ''[[Beta Ho To Aisa]].'' His last film was ''Beta Ho To Aisa'' released in 1994. Jog also made a mark on TV with his debut in [[Ramanand Sagar|Ramanand Sagar's]] ''[[Ramayan (1987 TV series)|Ramayan]]'', gaining popularity for his role as [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी एंटरटेनमेंट |title=रामायण : राम के भाई 'भरत' की इस बीमारी से हुई थी दर्दनाक मौत,जानिए संजय जोग की आह भरी कहानी |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/television/ramayana-tv-show-ram-brother-bharat-in-serial-dead-by-this-diseases-know-more-details-about-sanjay-jog-2449869 |access-date= |website=ABP News |date=10 July 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> Interestingly, he was initially offered the role of [[Lakshmana|Lakshman]] but had to decline due to scheduling conflicts, eventually taking on the role of Bharat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramanand Sagar Ramayana Bharat role played by Sanjay Jog died at 40 due to liver failure |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/television/ramanand-sagar-ramayana-bhart-role-played-by-sanjay-jog-died-at-40-due-to-liver-failure/1777813/amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17027515550432&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/television/ramanand-sagar-ramayana-bhart-role-played-by-sanjay-jog-died-at-40-due-to-liver-failure/1777813 |access-date= |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
|1975
|''Sapla''
|Unnamed
| rowspan="8" |[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|Uncredited
|-
|1980
|''Zidd''
|Bansi
|Film debut
|-
|1981
|''Gondhalat Gondhal''
|Vinayak
| rowspan="6" |Parallel lead
|-
| rowspan="4" |1982
|''Aavhan''
|Sanju
|-
|''Mai Baap''
|Ravi Patil
|-
|''Diste Tase Naste''
|Inspector Anand
|-
|''Savitrichi Suun''
|Ravi
|-
| rowspan="3" |1984
|''Sage Soyare''
|Rajesh
|-
|''Maya Bazar''
|Abhimanyu
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| rowspan="2" |Lead role
|-
|''[[Navri Mile Navryala]]''
|Ramesh Deshmukh
| rowspan="2" |Marathi
|-
|1986
|''[[Aamhi Dogha Raja Rani]]''
|Dr. Satish Shah
|
|-
|1989
|''Apna Ghar''
|Sanjay
| rowspan="6" |[[Hindi]]
| rowspan="6" |Supporting role
|-
|1991
|''[[Jigarwala]]''
|Khawali
|-
| rowspan="3" |1992
|''[[Humshakal (1992 film)|Humshakal]]''
|
|-
|''[[Insaan Bana Shaitan]]''
|Ravi
|-
|''Naseebwala''
|Ram
|-
|1994
|''[[Beta Ho To Aisa]]''
|Inspector Suraj
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Ref.
|-
|1987–1988
|''[[Ramayan (1987 TV series)|Ramayan]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharat]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Hindi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/did-you-know-ramayans-sanjay-jog-aka-bharat-passed-away-at-40-was-offered-laxmans-role-initially/amp/?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17027515550432&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koimoi.com%2Ftelevision%2Fdid-you-know-ramayans-sanjay-jog-aka-bharat-passed-away-at-40-was-offered-laxmans-role-initially%2Famp%2F%23amp_tf%3DFrom%2520%25251%2524s%26aoh%3D17027515550432%26referrer%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252F|title=did-you-know-ramayans-sanjay-jog-aka-bharat-passed-away-at-40-was-offered-laxmans-role-initially|date=18 April 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|1988–1989
|''[[Luv Kush]]''
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=पहिलाच चित्रपट फ्लॉप झाल्याने गावी परतले होते संजय जोग, भरतला अमर केलं अन् घेतला जगाचा निरोप |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/sanjay-jog-death-anniversary-remembered-for-bharat-character-in-ramayan/articleshow/95802274.cms |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

== Death ==
Jog died in Mumbai on 27 November 1995 due to liver ailment.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=1616793|name=Sanjay Jog}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jog, Sanjay}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver failure]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Marathi actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Nagpur]]

Jagdeep Singh (politician)

2025-06-18T16:36:53Z

Animesh: further expand details for accuracy further and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jagdeep Singh
| caption =
| birth_date = 31 May 1971
| birth_place =
| residence = [[New Delhi]]
| constituency = [[Hari Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Hari Nagar]]
| office = [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| religion =
| spouse =
| children =
| footnotes =
| source = http://delhi.aamaadmiparty.org/Delhi-Elections-2013/JagdeepSingh
}}
'''Jagdeep Singh''' is an Indian politician belonging to [[Aam Aadmi Party]]. He won as an [[M.L.A]] from [[Hari Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Hari Nagar]] constituency of [[Delhi]].

==Personal life==
Jagdeep Singh was born on 31 May 1971 in [[Ambala Cantonment]], [[Haryana]]. His father's name is Jagdish Singh. He has passed 12th standard from National Open School, Delhi in 1993 and is a [[Licentiate (degree)|licentiate]]. He owns an insurance business. Jagdeep Singh is married to Raminder Kaur, who is self-employed. They have a daughter Kirat Kaur and a son named Swaraj Singh. He is a [[Sikh]] by religion. His hobby is listening to music.<ref name="NIC">{{cite web | url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/whos_who/VthAssembly/JagdeepSingh.htm | title=Profile | publisher=Delhi Assembly | accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docs2.myneta.info/affidavits/ews3delhi2015/241/U05_28_08%20JAGDEEP%20SINGH.pdf | title=Election Affidavit | accessdate=20 February 2015 | archive-date=20 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220193429/http://docs2.myneta.info/affidavits/ews3delhi2015/241/U05_28_08%20JAGDEEP%20SINGH.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> He has three criminal cases filed against him.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/delhi/hari-nagar-mla-results | title=Hari Nagar | work=NDTV | accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref>

==Politics==
It is believed that Jagdeep Singh won the MLA seat only because of the political disturbance between sitting MLA Harsharan Singh Balli and BJP. Harsharan Singh Balli being the only politician having an influence in Hari Nagar constituency, his absence in the vidhansabha elections got Jagdeep Singh from AAP major victories both times. Jagdeep Singh won the [[Hari Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Hari Nagar Assembly constituency]] in [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] by polling 38,912 votes. He defeated the joint of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (SAD), Shyam Sharma of the SAD by a margin of 8,876 votes. He also defeated the four-time sitting MLA from the BJP, Harsharan Singh Balli, who joined the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) after being refused a ticket by the BJP.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/assembly-elections-2013/delhi-assembly-elections/Delhi-assembly-elections-2013-AAP-wins-Hari-Nagar-seat/articleshow/27075601.cms|title=Delhi assembly elections 2013: AAP wins Hari Nagar seat|newspaper=Times of India|date=8 December 2013|first=Manash Pratim|last=Gohain|accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/delhi/report-delhi-assembly-elections-result-2013-ex-bjp-candidate-who-contested-with-congress-blames-anti-congress-wave-for-his-defeat-1931640|title=Delhi Assembly elections result 2013: Ex-BJP candidate who contested with Congress blames anti-Congress wave for his defeat|publisher=DNA India|date=8 December 2013}}</ref> The middle-class and Sikh dominated Hari Nagar has low cost [[Delhi Development Authority#DDA Housing|DDA houses]] as well as wealthy kothis.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi2015/aap-rules-sikhdominated-areas/article6880532.ece | title=AAP rules Sikh-dominated areas | work=The Hindu | date=11 February 2015 | accessdate=21 February 2015}}</ref>

Singh retained the seat in [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015 elections]]. He almost doubled the votes he received (65,814) and defeated his nearest rival Avtar Singh Hit of the SAD (who contested under the BJP election symbol)<ref name="ht">{{cite news | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/sad-draws-a-blank-loses-all-four-despite-increase-in-vote-polled/article1-1315618.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213042031/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/sad-draws-a-blank-loses-all-four-despite-increase-in-vote-polled/article1-1315618.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=13 February 2015 | title=SAD draws a blank, loses all four despite increase in votes polled | work=Hindustan Times | date=10 February 2015 | accessdate=21 February 2015}}</ref> by a margin of 26,496. It was described as AAP's "most monumental victory" in Sikh-dominated seats.<ref name="Hindu"/> Hit, a former president of SAD's Delhi unit and also of the Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (DSGMC), was considered a weak contender against Singh, due to the delay in his election campaign and low connect with voters; while Singh had the opportunity to win in the absence of Harsharan Singh Balli.<ref name="ht"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/how-strong-is-the-akali-challenge/article1-1314142.aspx| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220232331/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/how-strong-is-the-akali-challenge/article1-1314142.aspx| url-status=dead| archive-date=20 February 2015| title=How strong is the Akali challenge | work=Hindustan Times | date=6 February 2015 | accessdate=21 February 2015}}</ref> Jagdeep Singh admits that had it been Harsharan Singh Balli he was contesting, he would not have the slightest chance of winning.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Aam Aadmi Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jagdeep}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2013–2015]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:1971 births]]

2021 Maharashtra floods

2025-05-27T07:40:15Z

Animesh: added a details more to come

{{update|date=August 2021}}
{{Short description|Floods in Maharashtra, India, July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox flood
| image location = IN-MH.svg
| image name = The state of Maharashtra within India
| name = 2021 Maharashtra floods
| duration = 22 July 2021 – August 2021
| cause = Heavy rainfall
| total damages = Rs4,000{{nbsp}}crore (US$539{{nbsp}}million)<ref name="4000Cr" />
| total fatalities = 209<ref name="4000Cr" />
| total missing = 8
}}
A series of [[Flood control|floods]] took place across the Indian State of [[Maharashtra]] in 2021. {{As of|2021|7|28}}, around 251 people have died and over 100 are still missing due to floods and landslides. 13 [[List of districts in India|districts]] have been affected in western Maharashtra.<ref name="IE2">{{cite web|url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/jul/27/maharashtra-floods-claim-251-lives-13-districts-across-state-affected-says-nawab-malik-2336073.html|title = Maharashtra floods claim 251 lives, 13 districts across state affected, says Nawab Malik|date = 27 July 2021|access-date = 28 July 2021}}</ref> Damage was calculated to be Rs4,000{{nbsp}}crore (US$539{{nbsp}}million).<ref name="4000Cr" />

The flood was part of a series of tightly clustered [[2021 in climate change|extreme weather events in July 2021]], including extreme rain events [[2021 Henan floods|in Henan, China]] and [[2021 European floods|Europe]] and is part of an increase in rain events during the [[Monsoon of South Asia|Indian monsoon season]] caused by [[Climate change in India|climate change]].<ref name=":0" />

==History and climate change ==
Starting on 22 July 2021, Maharashtra saw heavy rainfall in many of its western districts. On 23 July 2021, [[NDTV]] reported that Maharashtra saw the highest in the month of July in 40 years.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharashtra-rain-heavy-rain-in-maharashtra-breaks-40-year-july-record-navy-roped-in-2492873 | title=40-Year Record For Maharashtra Rain, At Least 212 Dead | work=NDTV | date=23 July 2021 | accessdate=28 July 2021 | author=Gupta, Saurabh}}</ref>

[[Nipple|Climate change]] could have played an important role in causing large-scale floods across Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Roxy|first1=M. K.|last2=Ghosh|first2=Subimal|last3=Pathak|first3=Amey|last4=Athulya|first4=R.|last5=Mujumdar|first5=Milind|last6=Murtugudde|first6=Raghu|last7=Terray|first7=Pascal|last8=Rajeevan|first8=M.|date=2017-10-03|title=A threefold rise in widespread extreme rain events over central India|journal=Nature Communications|volume=8|issue=1|pages=708|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-00744-9|pmid=28974680|pmc=5626780|bibcode=2017NatCo...8..708R|issn=2041-1723}}</ref> The observed data shows a three-fold rise in widespread [[Extreme weather|extreme rainfall]] events across India, including those regions where the floods occurred. The local meteorological conditions showed the presence of a low so boring system in the [[Bay of Bengal]], anchoring the monsoon westerlies blowing from the Arabian Sea. These westerlies brought in an anomalous amount of moisture from the warm Arabian Sea, releasing them as heavy-to-extreme rains across Maharashtra over a week.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-24|title=WATCH: From floods in China, Germany to heavy downpour in Maharashtra, what's the common link — a climate scientist explains|url=https://en.gaonconnection.com/maharashtra-heavy-rainfall-floods-deaths-raigad-landslide-flood-chiplun-kolhapur-mumbai-rains-climate-change-monsoon-germany-china-gaon-cafe/|access-date=2021-07-28|website=Gaonconnection {{!}} Your Connection with Rural India}}</ref> In April 2021, [[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] reported about climate change heavily impacting the [[Monsoon in India|monsoon seasons in India]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/25/india-monsoon-death-toll-hits-124-as-search-for-missing-continues | title=India monsoon death toll rises as search for missing continues | work=Al Jazeera | date=25 July 2021 | accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref>

== Impact and rescue operations ==
[[File:Water being released from the gates of Koyana Dam in Satara district, Maharashtra, India.jpg|thumb|Water being released from [[Koyna Dam]]]]
[[File:Destroyed roads during the floods in Patan block, Satara3.jpg|thumb|Road destroyed in floods near Satara]]
[[File:Relief work by voluntary organisation in progress2.jpg|thumb|Food and other essential items being distributed by voluntary organization to affected people.]]
The most affected regions were the districts of [[Raigad district|Raigad]], [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]], [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]], [[Satara district|Satara]], [[Sangli district|Sangli]] and [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]].<ref name="IE1">{{cite web |author=Waghmode, Vishawas |date=28 July 2021 |title=Maharashtra floods: Death toll climbs to 207, highest in Raigad with 95 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-floods-raigad-ratnagiri-chiplun-rains-7424425/ |accessdate=28 July 2021 |work=Indian Express}}</ref> Due to heavy rains, more than 1,020 villages were affected in these districts. Over 375,000 people have been evacuated, of whom around 206,000 were from Sangli district and around 150,000 from Kolhapur district.<ref name="IE1"/> There have been more than 28,700 poultry deaths and around 300 other animal deaths in Kolhapur, Sangli, Satara and Sindhudurg districts.<ref name="IE1"/> Initial estimates state that over 2{{nbsp}}[[lakh]] (200,000) hectares of crops have been damaged in the floods.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/maharashtra-floods-damage-2-lakh-hectares-of-standing-crop/article35555487.ece | title=Maharashtra floods damage 2 lakh hectares of standing crop | work=The Hindu | date=27 July 2021 | accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref>

Various infrastructural facilities were impacted and damaged. Around 800 bridges have been submerged, preventing physical communications with various villages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Restore Electricity, Water Supply In Flood-Hit Areas: Maharashtra Chief Minister|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/restore-electricity-water-supply-in-flood-hit-areas-maharashtra-chief-minister-uddhav-thackeray-2495459|access-date=2021-07-30|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The drinking water supply of around 700 villages was affected and the rainfall also caused damage to about 14,700 electric transformers, affecting the power supply to nearly 9.5{{nbsp}}lakh (950,000) consumers. {{As of|2021|7|28}}, the power supply to about 6.5{{nbsp}}lakh (650,000) consumers was restored through repairs of nearly 9500 transformers.<ref name="IE1"/> Damage was calculated to be [[Indian rupee|Rs]]4,000{{nbsp}}crore (US$539{{nbsp}}million).<ref name="4000Cr">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-4-3l-moved-loss-pegged-at-rs-700-cr-in-kpur-sangli-plan-to-revive-chiplun/articleshow/84810236.cms|title=Maharashtra rain loss pegged at Rs 4k crore, toll up to 209|work=Times of India|date=28 July 2021|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

Around 34 teams from [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF) were deployed for rescue missions in various regions.<ref name="IE2"/> The [[Second Modi ministry|Central Government]] on 27 July 2021 declared financial aid of {{INR Convert|700|c}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rs-700-cr-approved-for-maharashtra-flood-relief-minister-tomar-to-parliament-101627382469810.html | title=₹700 cr approved for Maharashtra flood relief: Minister Tomar to Parliament | work=Hindustan Times |date=27 July 2021 | accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref> The Maharashtra state's MLAs of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] also announced that they would donate one month's salary for relief support.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/jul/28/maharashtra-floods-bjp-legislators-to-donate-salaries-to-cmrf-2336676.html | title=Maharashtra floods: BJP legislators to donate salaries to CMRF | publisher=Indian Express | date=28 July 2021 | accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2021 Mumbai landslide]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}{{2021 floods}}{{Natural disasters in India}}
{{Disasters in India in 2021}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maharashtra floods, 2021}}
[[Category:2021 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2021 floods in Asia]]
[[Category:2020s in Maharashtra|2021 floods]]
[[Category:Climate change in India]]
[[Category:Floods in India]]
[[Category:July 2021 in India]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in Maharashtra|2021 floods]]