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Arvi Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T20:30:11Z

AngelesEller0: Done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Arvi
| constituency_no = 44
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 44-Arvi.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Wardha Lok Sabha constituency|Wardha]]
| district = [[Wardha district|Wardha]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Sumit Wankhede]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| incumbent_image =
| electors =265,641
}}
'''Arvi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies in [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency is one of the four Vidhan Sabha constituencies in [[Wardha district]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

[[Arvi, Wardha|Arvi]] is part of the [[Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wardha Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Wardha Assembly constituency|Wardha]], [[Hinganghat Assembly constituency|Hinganghat]] and [[Deoli, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Deoli]] in Wardha district and [[Morshi Assembly constituency|Morshi]] and [[Dhamangaon Railway Assembly constituency|Dhamangaon Railway]] in [[Amravati district]].<ref name=ceo/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://220.225.73.214/pdff/results.pdf|title=Maharashtra Assembly Election 2009 -Results|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122084331/http://220.225.73.214/pdff/results.pdf|archivedate=22 November 2009|accessdate=5 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://abpmajha.abplive.in/vidhansabha2014/2014/10/19/article424061.ece/Final-Result#.VESI0vldVsM |title=Marathi News and Latest News from Mumbai, Maharashtra, Konkan, Pune, Nagpur, India and World - ABP Majha formerly Star Majha |access-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020191705/http://abpmajha.abplive.in/vidhansabha2014/2014/10/19/article424061.ece/Final-Result#.VESI0vldVsM |archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.lokmat.com/lokmattimes/epapermain.aspx?queryed=76&querypage=6&boxid=27281038&parentid=26444&eddate=10%2F20%2F2014 |title=LOKMAT E-Paper |access-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040720/http://epaper.lokmat.com/lokmattimes/epapermain.aspx?queryed=76&querypage=6&boxid=27281038&parentid=26444&eddate=10%2F20%2F2014 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://220.225.73.214/pdff/results.pdf |title=Maharashtra Assembly Election 2009 -Results |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122084331/http://220.225.73.214/pdff/results.pdf |archivedate=22 November 2009 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjuni Morgaon Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/arvi.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Jagjiwan Ganpatrao Kadam || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Deshmukh Bapurao Marotrao
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Narayanrao Rajeramji Kale || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Jagjiwan Ganpatrao Kadam || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Dhairyashilrao Vinayakrao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan=2 | Chudiwal Shiochand Gowardhandas
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=4 | [[Sharadrao Kale|Dr. Sharadrao Kale]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Amar Sharadrao Kale]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Dadarao Keche]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Amar Sharadrao Kale]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Dadarao Keche]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Sumit Wankhede]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Arvi">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Arvi |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1344.htm |access-date=5 December 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205072709/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1344.htm |archive-date=5 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sumit Wankhede]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 101,397 |percentage = 52.93% |change = {{increase}}3.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mayura Amar Kale |party = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 61,823 |percentage = 32.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jaydada Belkhade |party = Prahar Janshakti Party |votes = 13,252 |percentage = 6.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deepak Mahadeorao Madavi |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,160 |percentage = 2.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhuritai Arvind Suroshe |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,799 |percentage = 1.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dadarao Kisanrao Uikey |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,052 |percentage = 1.07% |change = {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,035 |percentage = 0.54% |change = {{decrease}}0.27 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 39,574 |percentage = 20.66% |change = {{increase}}13.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 192,621 |percentage = 72.51% |change = {{increase}}4.99 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 191,586}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 265,641 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}3.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends & Results Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dadarao Keche]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 87,318 |percentage = 49.75% |change = {{increase}}6.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Amar Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 74,851 |percentage = 42.65% |change = {{decrease}}2.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deepak Mahadeorao Madavi |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,031 |percentage = 3.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Topale Rupachand |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 2,848 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Chandrashekhar Dongre |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,386 |percentage = 1.36% |change = {{decrease}}1.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,416 |percentage = 0.81% |change = {{increase}}0.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,467 |percentage = 7.10% |change = {{increase}}5.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 177,314 |percentage = 67.52% |change = {{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 175,513}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 262,594 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.53 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.84 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Amar Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 75,886 |percentage = 44.91% |change = {{increase}}0.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dadarao Keche]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 72,743 |percentage = 43.05% |change = {{decrease}}2.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dadarao Kisanrao Uikey |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,348 |percentage = 3.17% |change = {{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sandeep Dilip Kale |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 3,861 |percentage = 2.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Swapnil Alias Bala Rameshrao Jagtap |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,642 |percentage = 2.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dnyaneshwar Narayanrao Madavi |party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party |votes = 2,297 |percentage = 1.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshmukh Nilesh Madhukarrao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 2,174 |percentage = 1.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,240 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,143 |percentage = 1.86% |change = {{decrease}}0.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 170,215 |percentage = 68.41% |change = {{increase}}0.95 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 168,965}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 248,828 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.70 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}1.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dadarao Keche]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 71,694 |percentage = 46.02% |change = {{increase}}13.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Amar Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 68,564 |percentage = 44.01% |change = {{decrease}}7.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rupachandbhau Topale |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,443 |percentage = 3.49% |change = {{decrease}}3.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wagh Shirish Dhairyashilrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,536 |percentage = 2.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gorde Raju Bakerao |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 2,411 |percentage = 1.55% |change = {{decrease}}1.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Namdeo Nathuji Meshram |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,688 |percentage = 1.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Priya Ashok Shinde |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,054 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,130 |percentage = 2.01% |change = {{decrease}}16.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 155,861 |percentage = 67.46% |change = {{decrease}}3.00 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 155,785}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 231,047 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.10 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Amar Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 70,938 |percentage = 51.03% |change = {{decrease}}6.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dadarao Keche]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 45,861 |percentage = 32.99% |change = {{decrease}}1.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prashant Madhukarrao Sawalakhe |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 9,194 |percentage = 6.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhole Deorao Lakshman |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 4,443 |percentage = 3.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madavi Mahadeo Dhondbaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,965 |percentage = 2.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Rafik Abdual Agit |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,025 |percentage = 1.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,077 |percentage = 18.04% |change = {{decrease}}4.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 139,010 |percentage = 70.46% |change = {{increase}}2.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 139,008}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 197,303 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.07 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2002 elections in India#Maharashtra|2002 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeFeb2002/index.htm |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kale Amar Sharadrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 74,738 |percentage = 57.58% |change = {{increase}}18.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijay Annaji Mude |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 44,938 |percentage = 34.62% |change = {{increase}}6.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vinod Pandurang Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,235 |percentage = 3.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kodape Ashok Chaituji |party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party |votes = 1,705 |percentage = 1.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Haridas Shamraoji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,462 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Irpache Pramila Bapurao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,389 |percentage = 1.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ratanlal Hansaraj Solanki(patil) |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,331 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,800 |percentage = 22.96% |change = {{increase}}11.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 129,799 |percentage = 67.80% |change = {{increase}}2.86 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 129,798}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 191,435 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.21 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}18.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharadrao Kale|Dr. Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 43,897 |percentage = 39.55% |change = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijayraoji Mude |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 31,254 |percentage = 28.16% |change = {{increase}}24.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shridhar S. Thakare |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 27,681 |percentage = 24.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Devrao Dhole |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,416 |percentage = 3.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sancheti Jaisagar Madanlal |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,621 |percentage = 2.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rupchand Bhuraji Tople |party = Independent politician |votes = 925 |percentage = 0.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,643 |percentage = 11.39% |change = {{increase}}3.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 118,162 |percentage = 64.94% |change = {{decrease}}16.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 110,997}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,958 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharadrao Kale|Dr. Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 55,164 |percentage = 39.46% |change = {{increase}}3.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kale Dilip Narayanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 44,591 |percentage = 31.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uike Bapuraoji Birmal |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 16,048 |percentage = 11.48% |change = {{increase}}7.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gulhane Vasantrao Krushnarao |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,444 |percentage = 5.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keche Dadarao Yadaorao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,694 |percentage = 3.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sarode Vithal Keduji |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 3,050 |percentage = 2.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagose Ramchandra Daulatrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,758 |percentage = 1.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sayeed Mehmudali Sayeed Ismail |party = Janata Dal |votes = 1,720 |percentage = 1.23% |change = {{decrease}}26.43 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,573 |percentage = 7.56% |change = {{decrease}}0.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 142,878 |percentage = 81.19% |change = {{increase}}16.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 139,789}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 175,971 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharadrao Kale|Dr. Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,050 |percentage = 36.02% |change = {{decrease}}7.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khonde Jyoti Vijayrao |party = Janata Dal |votes = 28,444 |percentage = 27.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshpande Kishor Bapurao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 8,942 |percentage = 8.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gundewar Arvind Wasudeorao |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,095 |percentage = 7.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chudiwal Shiochand Gowardhandas |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,620 |percentage = 6.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uike Bapurao Birmalji |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,506 |percentage = 4.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathod Pancharaj Pandurang |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,436 |percentage = 1.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kurda Jagdish Ramji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,306 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,606 |percentage = 8.37% |change = {{increase}}7.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 104,688 |percentage = 64.82% |change = {{decrease}}2.93 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 102,848}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,496 |ref = |change = {{increase}}22.26 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing = {{decrease}}8.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharadrao Kale|Dr. Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 38,955 |percentage = 44.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shridhar S. Thakare |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,499 |percentage = 43.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sheikh Vajir Umarsahab |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 6,251 |percentage = 7.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Atram Vyankatesh Bisam |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,026 |percentage = 2.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kanta Deorao Naitam |party = Independent politician |votes = 986 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Varhade Krushna Bapurao |party = Independent politician |votes = 673 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 456 |percentage = 0.52% |change = {{decrease}}30.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,490 |percentage = 67.75% |change = {{increase}}8.34 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,207}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,087 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.24 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}17.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chudiwal Shiochand Gowardhandas |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 44,859 |percentage = 61.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharadrao Kale|Dr. Sharadrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 22,472 |percentage = 31.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nakhale Laxmanrao Karkaji |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 1,894 |percentage = 2.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gomkala Mahadeorao Pandurangji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,092 |percentage = 1.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Atram Vyankatesh Bisam |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,038 |percentage = 1.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gadling Nattu Bapurao |party = Independent politician |votes = 829 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,387 |percentage = 30.88% |change = {{decrease}}26.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 73,864 |percentage = 59.41% |change = {{decrease}}18.58 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,502}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 124,331 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.08 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}9.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chudiwal Shiochand Gowardhandas |party = Independent politician |votes = 64,168 |percentage = 70.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wagh Dhairyashilrao Vinayakrao |party = Janata Party |votes = 11,890 |percentage = 13.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohod Vishwanathji Yadavrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,981 |percentage = 11.03% |change = {{decrease}}25.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Atram Punjabrao Chhanuji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,741 |percentage = 1.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Meshram Vithalrao Tukaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,018 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Hafiz Shekh Ibrahim |party = Independent politician |votes = 659 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Borade Kashinath Nathuji |party = Independent politician |votes = 585 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 52,278 |percentage = 57.78% |change = {{increase}}45.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 92,275 |percentage = 77.99% |change = {{increase}}4.99 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,474}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,317 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.75 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}21.60 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dhairyashilrao Vinayakrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 37,485 |percentage = 49.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. M. Deshmukh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,772 |percentage = 36.54% |change = {{decrease}}6.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Suryabhanji Dharepure |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,657 |percentage = 10.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithalrao Tukaram Meshram |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,669 |percentage = 3.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,713 |percentage = 12.78% |change = {{decrease}}3.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,989 |percentage = 73.00% |change = {{decrease}}2.22 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 75,996}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,831 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.84 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}6.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jagjiwan Ganpatrao Kadam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,537 |percentage = 43.22% |change = {{increase}}5.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Z. Z. Dahake |party = Independent politician |votes = 18,562 |percentage = 27.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithalrao Tukaram Meshram |party = Independent politician |votes = 16,596 |percentage = 24.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. T. Dongre |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,664 |percentage = 3.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hansraj Harising Jadhao |party = Independent politician |votes = 976 |percentage = 1.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,975 |percentage = 16.06% |change = {{increase}}14.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 75,214 |percentage = 75.22% |change = {{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,335}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,992 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.19 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}3.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Narayanrao Rajeramji Kale |party = Independent politician |votes = 26,337 |percentage = 39.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadeo Tukaram Thakre |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,156 |percentage = 37.47% |change = {{decrease}}39.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhagwant Zitruji Babhale |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 7,247 |percentage = 10.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baliramji Jairamji Jalit |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,590 |percentage = 6.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hansraj Harising Jadhao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,813 |percentage = 5.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,181 |percentage = 1.76% |change = {{decrease}}62.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 73,333 |percentage = 75.68% |change = {{increase}}17.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 67,143}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,902 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.72 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}37.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Deshmukh Bapurao Marotrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,194 |percentage = 76.92% |change = {{increase}}25.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wankhede Wasudeo Suryabhan |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,267 |percentage = 12.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bobde Hanumantrao Tukaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,240 |percentage = 8.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tagdichavan Mahadeo Dongya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,250 |percentage = 2.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,927 |percentage = 64.62% |change = {{increase}}46.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 50,951 |percentage = 58.22% |change = {{decrease}}4.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,951}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,522 |ref = |change = {{increase}}80.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}25.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Arvi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jagjiwan Ganpatrao Kadam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,667 |percentage = 51.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pandurang Hirsa Sawalkhe |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,069 |percentage = 33.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivdas Harbaji Dharaskar |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 3,229 |percentage = 10.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wasudeo Suryabhan Wankhede |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,184 |percentage = 3.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Marotirao Bhomaji Hole |party = Independent politician |votes = 296 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,598 |percentage = 18.39% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,445 |percentage = 62.88% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,445}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,416 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Arvi, Wardha|Arvi]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Wardha district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord|20|4|21.72|N|77|57|2.27|E|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Wardha district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express (via Belagavi)

2026-05-06T11:33:05Z

AngelesEller0:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = D24E01
| name = ''Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express''
| image = Karnataka Sampark Kranti Exp. (45303814094).jpg
| image_width = 300
| caption = Lalagura [[WAP-7]] hauling Karnataka Sampark Kranti Exp
| type = [[Sampark Kranti Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2006|07|18}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} (YPR)
| stops = 12
| end = {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} (NZM)
| distance = {{convert|2614|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 47 hrs 15 mins
| frequency = Bi-weekly {{efn|Runs two days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 12629 / 12630
| speed = {{convert|55.3|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = [[File:Karnataka Samparkkranti Express (via Hubli) Route map.jpg|thumb|12629/12630 Karnataka Samparkkranti Express (via Hubli) Route map|250px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12629 / 12630 '''Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express''' is a [[Sampark Kranti Express]] train belonging to [[South Western Railway Zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} in India. It is currently being operated with 12629/12630 train numbers on a biweekly basis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=4015&did=14979615673492199822C675541D06795B62BCAD3C7E1.web91 |title=Temporary Halt of Express Trains for pilgrims travelling during Shri Sant Tukaram Maharaj Palkhi programme |access-date=7 August 2017 |archive-date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807193740/http://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=4015&did=14979615673492199822C675541D06795B62BCAD3C7E1.web91 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3770&did=1483942936095A889B43971792AAF3BAB85E6FE95FEB3.web91 Temporary Halt at Uruli station on Pune-Daund section for pilgrims]</ref><ref>[https://www.nyoooz.com/pune/634711/electric-engine-debut-for-passenger-train Electric engine debut for passenger train]</ref><ref>[http://www.swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=1480&did=14755757112579D9759A05A0F0605AF3B87C91578D449.web107 NEW STOPPAGE OF TRAINS AT VARIOUS STATIONS]</ref>

== Traction ==
earlier was [[WDP-4D]]. As the route entirely electrified, it runs end to end by [[WAP-7]] electrified locomotive

== See also ==

* [[Yesvantpur Junction railway station]]
* [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station]]
* [[Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express (disambiguation)]]
* [[Yesvantpur–Chandigarh Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/921 12629/Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/922 12630/Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express] India Rail Info

{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Sampark Kranti}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Sampark Kranti Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Litsea kakkachensis

2026-05-05T05:56:14Z

AngelesEller0: started details - done

{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite web | title=Litsea kakkachensis: De Kok, R | date=2019 | doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T153299557A153623163.en | url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T153299557A153623163.en }}</ref>
| genus = Litsea
| species = kakkachensis
| authority = R.Ganesan
}}

'''''Litsea kakkachensis''''' is an [[Endangered species|endangered]] species of plant endemic to India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ganesan |first=R |title=Litsea kakkachensis (Lauraceae) – A new species from Agasthyamalai, Western Ghats, India. |url=https://archived.atree.org/sites/default/files/ja_2012_23_0.pdf |journal=Rheedea |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=143–146}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Litsea kakkachensis R.Ganesan |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/8175728 |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite report |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/153299557/153623163 |title=Litsea kakkachensis: de Kok, R.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T153299557A153623163 |last=IUCN |date=2019-10-28 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t153299557a153623163.en |language=en}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
This species was named after Kakkachi forest, part of the [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], where it was discovered and described. It was initially collected by [[Richard Henry Beddome|R.H.Beddome]] and deposited in the [[Natural History Museum, London]] in 1887 with location details and remained unidentified.<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
This plant grows as shrubs or small trees growing up to 3 meters high. The bark of older trees is papery and reddish brown. The leaves are alternate with bluish color underneath when fresh turning into brown after drying. The red colored fleshy [[ellipsoid]] shaped fruits were seen dispersed by birds.

== Ecology ==
This species of plants were found only in et evergreen forests of [[Courtallam|Courtallum]] and Kakkachi areas of Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve at an elevation of 900 to 1200 metres. Unlike other Lisea species around that area this plant flower twice an year- April-May and September-October.

== Threats and conservation ==
Deforestation and habitat loss due to land conversions were identified as threats for this species.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q18077716}}

[[Category:Litsea|kakkachensis]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Endangered flora of Asia]]

R. N. Ganesh

2026-05-05T02:34:36Z

AngelesEller0: created a post with sources...

{{short description|Indian naval officer}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]]
| name = Ravindra Nath Ganesh
| honorific_suffix = [[PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Nao Sena Medal|NM]]
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| burial_place =
| image = File:Vice Admiral RN Ganesh.jpg
| caption = Ganesh as the DGICG
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{navy|India}} {{coast guard|India}}
| service_years = 1963–2001
| rank = [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-8.svg|23px]] [[File:13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg|23px]] [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]]
| commands = [[Southern Naval Command]] [[Indian Coast Guard]] [[Fortress Commander, Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Fortress Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] [[INS Vikrant (1961)|INS ''Vikrant'' (R11)]] [[Soviet submarine K-43|INS ''Chakra'']] {{ship|INS|Karanj|S21}}
| unit =
| battles =
| awards = [[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Nao Sena Medal]]
| relations =
| other_work =
}}

[[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] '''Ravindra Nath Ganesh''', [[PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Nao Sena Medal|NM]] is a former flag officer of the [[Indian Navy]]. He last served as the [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command]] from 1999 to 2001. He also served as the 10th [[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]], which he led from 1996 to 1999. He earlier served as the [[Fortress Commander, Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], the precursor of the [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]], and commanded the [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] and the [[aircraft carrier]] [[INS Vikrant (1961)|INS ''Vikrant'' (R11)]]. He was the commissioning commanding officer of India's first [[nuclear submarine]], the [[Soviet submarine K-43|INS ''Chakra'']]. He is the only officer of the Indian Navy to have commanded a nuclear submarine and an aircraft carrier.

After a 40-year career in the Navy, he took over as the Director General of the Advanced Technology Vessel Project, the indigenous nuclear submarine project.

== Naval career ==
=== Early career ===
Ganesh was commissioned into the Indian Navy in 1963. In September 1965, India signed an agreement to acquire four submarines and a [[Submarine tender]] among other ships. With the formation of the submarine arm shortly after, he volunteered to become a submariner. He was selected and joined the commissioning crew of {{ship|INS|Kalvari|S23}}, the first submarine to be inducted into the Indian Navy. As part of the commissioning crew, he left for the [[Soviet Union]] in early 1966.{{sfn|Hiranandani|1999}} He was the junior most officer on the ''Kalvari'' when she was commissioned.{{sfn|Singh|2018}}

In the mid-1970s, he was selected to attend the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]]. He then commanded the third boat of the Kalvari-class of submarines, {{ship|INS|Karanj|S21}}. On 26 January 1978, as an acting [[commander]], he was awarded the [[Nao Sena Medal]] for gallantry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gallantry and Distinguished Service Awards for Defence Personnel |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1978-JAN-MAR-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1978-01-25_090.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref> He subsequently moved to the [[submarine base]] [[INS Virbahu]] as the Commander (Submarine).<ref name="FORTAN">{{cite web |title=Vice Admiral RN Ganesh is new Fortress Commander, Andaman and Nicobar Islands |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1995-DEFENCE%20(2)/PDF/DEF-1995-12-05_173.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref> In 1982, the Directorate of [[SSK (hull classification symbol)|SSK]] Project was set up at naval headquarters. The SSK project aimed to construct submarines in India. Ganesh took over as the Joint Director SSK Project at naval headquarters.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2005}}

===INS Chakra===
In 1984, the Advanced Technology Vessel Project (ATVP) was set up with Vice Admiral [[M. K. Roy]] as the first Director General. The project was set up to build India's first [[nuclear submarine]]. In the first phase of the project, India and the Soviet Union signed an agreement on the transfer of a [[Charlie-class submarine]] to the Indian Navy for training purposes.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2010}} Ganesh was selected to be the commissioning commanding officer of the first nuclear submarine of the Indian Navy. He led the commissioning crew to the Soviet Union where they were trained. After training on [[Russian language]] and theory classes, practical training followed on a nuclear submarine. Ganesh commissioned [[INS Chakra (1987)|INS Chakra]] on 5 January 1988 at [[Vladivostok]] and sailed for India on 15 January.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2010}}

''Chakra'''s journey to India was submerged except when transiting through shallow waters in the South China Sea, the Singapore Strait and the Straits of Malacca. The [[Nilgiri-class frigate (1972)|Nilgiri-class frigate]] {{ship|INS|Dunagiri|F36}} met the submarine in the South China Sea and escorted her home.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2010}} He was awarded the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] on 26 January 1988.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gallantry and Distinguished Service Awards for Defence Personnel |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1988-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE%20I/PDF/DEF-1988-01-23_032.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref> ''Chakra'' was received at Visakhapatnam on 3 February by the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. Welcoming Ganesh and the crew of ''Chakra'' along with the Prime Minister were the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]] [[K. C. Pant]] and [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command]] Vice Admiral Subash Chopra.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2005}}{{sfn|Singh|2018}}

Later that year, Ganesh was one of five naval officers selected to attend the [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]] (NDC), starting January 1989. He graduated from the 29th course in late 1989 and was appointed commanding officer of the [[aircraft carrier]] [[INS Vikrant (1961)|INS ''Vikrant'' (R11)]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Senior Naval Officers selected for NDC |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1988-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE%20I/PDF/DEF-1988-06-20_162.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref> This made the first officer to command a nuclear submarine and an aircraft carrier.<ref>{{cite web |title=Firsts in Submarine Arm of IN|url=https://indiannavy.gov.in/content/firsts-submarine-arm |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

=== Flag rank ===
After a little over a year in command of ''Vikrant'', Ganesh was promoted to the rank of [[Rear admiral (India)|rear admiral]] in early 1991. On 25 March, he was appointed the third [[Flag Officer Submarines (India)|Flag Officer Submarines]] (FOSM). Created in 1987, FOSM was headquartered in Visakhapatnam and was the class authority, responsible for all training and maintenance of submarines.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2005}} He spent over one-and-a-half years as FOSM before moving to Eastern Naval Command headquarters as Chief of Staff.<ref name="FORTAN" />

In January 1994, Ganesh was appointed [[Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet]] (FOCWF). He took over from Rear Admiral Madhvendra Singh. In December that year, units of the [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] were grouped into a Task force to be sent to Somalia to de-induct the [[Indian Army]] brigade stationed there as part of [[United Nations Operation in Somalia II]]. The Task force was led by Ganesh as the FOCWF and the [[Godavari-class frigate|Godavari-class]] [[guided missile frigate]]s, {{ship|INS|Godavari|F20}} and {{ship|INS|Ganga|F22}}, and the [[fleet tanker]] INS Shakti.<ref>{{cite web |title=UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN SOMALIA II (UNOSOM II) - Background (Full text) |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unosom2backgr2.html |website=peacekeeping.un.org |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The task force left Mumbai on 28 November and arrived off [[Mogadishu]] on 6 December, establishing radio contact with the 61st Independent Brigade. The task force went to Kismayo where the troops embarked on the ships ferried by [[Westland Sea King]] helicopters. After evacuating troops from Kismayo, the task force returned to Mogadishu and embarked the remaining troops. Codenamed Operation Shield and Operation Bolster, the task force sailed back for Mumbai with all troops in late December.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2010}}

In April 1995, Ganesh handed over command of the Western Fleet to [[John Colin De Silva]] and took over as Chief of Staff, [[Western Naval Command]]. After a short tenure as COS, he was promoted to the rank of [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] and appointed [[Fortress Commander, Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]. He took over from Vice Admiral [[Sushil Kumar (admiral)|Sushil Kumar]] on 1 December. The Fortress, A&N Islands was the precursor to the [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]] and was the only unified tri-service command in India.<ref name="FORTAN" />

=== DGICG ===
The [[Indian Coast Guard]] (ICG) came into being on 19 August 1978. The new service was to function under the overall command and control of a Director General (DGICG).<ref>{{cite web|title=COAST GUARD TO BE FORMED IN AUGUST|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1978-APR-AUG-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-2/PDF/DEF-1978-06-29_121.pdf|website=pibarchive.nic.in|date=29 June 1978|access-date=9 April 2021|archive-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607145330/http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1978-APR-AUG-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-2/PDF/DEF-1978-06-29_121.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 November 1996, Ganesh took over as the 10th [[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]] (DGICG), succeeding Vice Admiral P. J. Jacob.<ref>{{cite web |title=VICE ADMIRAL RN GANESH TAKES OVER AS DIRECTOR GENERAL COAST GUARD |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1996-JULY-DEC-DEFENCE-III/PDF/DEF-1996-11-19_187.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=27 September 2025}}</ref> During his tenure, in January 1999, the Coast Guard was connected by [[Intranet]], christened CGNET.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Coast Guard completes 20 years |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1998-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1998-01-28_038.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Coast Guard Units connected with Intranet |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1999-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1999-01-14_024.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=27 September 2025}}</ref>

===C-in-C===
After over two years as DGICG, Ganesh was appointed [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command]] in March 1999. On 26 January 2000, he was awarded the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000126/nation.htm |website=www.tribuneindia.com |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PRESIDENT CONFERS GALLANTRY AND DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDS |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/2000-OCT-DEC-MIN-OF-DEC/PDF/DEF-2000-10-20_040.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

== Post-retirement ==
Ganesh retired after 40 years of service on 31 March 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031001/nation.htm |website=www.tribuneindia.com |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705000537/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031001/nation.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> He then took over as the Director General of the Advanced Technology Vessel Project. The appointment was of the rank of [[Secretary to the Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001010/nation.htm |website=www.tribuneindia.com |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref> He had a four-year tenure as DG ATV.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi Ganesh {{!}} Lowy Institute |url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/people/contributor/bio/ravi-ganesh |website=www.lowyinstitute.org |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Retired Indian Admiral Calls for the Elimination of Short Range Ballistic Missiles in South Asia – NPEC |url=https://npolicy.org/retired-indian-admiral-elimiation-ballistic-missiles/ |website=npolicy.org |access-date=29 September 2025 |date=24 February 2010}}</ref>

After retiring from the ATV project, Ganesh joined the [[National Institute of Advanced Studies]] (NIAS) as Adjunct Professor as well as serving as the Director of Asia Centre Bangalore, a [[think tank]] focusing on Politics and Security in the Asia Region.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bangalore |first1=Asia Centre |title=Vice Admiral R.N. Ganesh |url=https://asiacentrebangalore.org/vice-admiral-r-n-ganesh/ |website=Asia Centre Bangalore |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation|first1=Satyindra|last1=Singh|title=Blueprint to bluewater: The Indian Navy, 1951–65|year=1991|isbn= 978-8170621485|publisher=Lancer International}}
* {{citation|first1=G.M.|last1=Hiranandani|title=Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy, 1965-1975|year=1999|isbn= 978-1897829721|publisher= Spantech & Lancer}}
* {{citation|first1=G M|last1=Hiranandani|title=Transition to eminence : the Indian navy 1976-1990|year=2005|isbn=978-8170622666|publisher=Lancer Publishers}}
* {{citation|first1=G M|last1=Hiranandani|title=Transition to guardianship : the Indian navy 1991-2000|year=2010|isbn=978-1935501268|publisher=Lancer Publishers}}
* {{citation|first1=Anup|last1=Singh|title=Blue Waters Ahoy!: The Indian Navy 2001-2010 |year=2018|isbn=978-9353025526|publisher= HarperCollins Publishers India}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=J. M. S. Sodhi}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Submarines (India)|Flag Officer Submarines]]|years=1991-1992}}
{{s-aft|after=S. C. Anand}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Madhvendra Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet]]|years=1994-1995}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Colin De Silva]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sushil Kumar (admiral)|Sushil Kumar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Fortress Commander, Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]|years=1995-1996}}
{{s-aft|after=Harinder Singh}}
{{S-bef|before=P. J. Jacob}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]]|years=1996–1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Colin De Silva]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Sushil Kumar (admiral)|Sushil Kumar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command]]|years=1999–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=Harinder Singh}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganesh, R. N.}}
[[Category:Indian Navy vice admirals]]
[[Category:Directors General of the Indian Coast Guard]]
[[Category:Flag Officers Commanding Western Fleet]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Nau Sena Medal]]
[[Category:National Defence College, India alumni]]
[[Category:Flag Officers Submarines (India)]]
[[Category:Fortress Commanders, Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Alif Laila (2020 TV series)

2026-04-30T16:28:04Z

AngelesEller0: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Dangal (TV channel)]]

P. Mohan (Madurai politician)

2026-04-30T16:21:14Z

AngelesEller0: created basic details and citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. Mohan
| image = 
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1949|12|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|10|30|1949|12|30|df=yes}}
| death_place = Chennai
| office = [[Member of Parliament]]
| constituency = [[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor = M.K.Alagiri
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 22 September
| year = 2006
| source = http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=252
}}

'''Mohan Ponnusamy''' (30 December 1949 – 30 October 2009) was an Indian politician and a member of the state unit of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)). He was a member of the [[13th Lok Sabha]] and [[14th Lok Sabha]], representing the [[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]] constituency of [[Tamil Nadu]] as a candidate of the CPI(M). He died on 30 October 2009.<ref name="cpim">{{cite web |title=[Marxistindia] Condolence - Com. P Mohan |url=https://dev1.cpim.org/pipermail/marxistindia_cpim.org/20091030/000285.html |website=dev1.cpim.org |publisher=cpim |accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-10-31|title=Former CPI-M MP P Mohan dead|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/former-cpi-m-mp-p-mohan-dead/story-mezCMTWUcuVUKj0noAQRGK.html|access-date=2021-05-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120615061409/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=252 Members of Fourteenth Lok Sabha - Parliament of India website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, Ponnuswamy}}
[[Category:Politicians from Madurai]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Tamil Nadu]]

{{CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Anil Hegde

2026-04-30T02:50:15Z

AngelesEller0: Stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Anil Hegde
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]] of [[Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Bihar]]
| predecessor = [[Mahendra Prasad]]
| term_start = 30 May 2022
| term_end = 3 April 2024
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| birth_place = [[Mangaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[india]]
| successor = [[Bhim Singh (Bihar politician)|B. Singh]]
}}

'''Anil Hegde'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-16 |title=JD (U) nominates Anil Hegde for Rajya Sabha by-poll |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/jd-u-nominates-anil-hegde-for-rajya-sabha-bypoll-101652693201488.html |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=आर्थिक उदारीकरण के विरोधी, 5000 बार दी गिरफ्तारी... जानिए कौन हैं JDU के राज्यसभा कैंडिडेट अनिल हेगड़े |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/bihar/story/rajya-sabha-bypolls-anil-hegde-jdu-candidate-karnataka-socialist-leader-ntc-1464593-2022-05-16 |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Aaj Tak |language=hi}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Janata Dal (United)]] party, a Member of the [[Parliament of India]] representing [[Bihar]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] elected from bypoll due to the death of Pharmaceutical Baron and seven time Parliamentarian [[Mahendra Prasad]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=HT Correspondent |date=May 16, 2022|title=JD (U) nominates Anil Hegde for Rajya Sabha by-poll |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/jd-u-nominates-anil-hegde-for-rajya-sabha-bypoll-101652693201488.html |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hegde, Anil}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Bihar]]

{{Bihar-JDU-politician-stub}}
{{Karnataka-JDU-politician-stub}}

Hamid Hussain

2026-04-25T01:25:45Z

AngelesEller0: put up new entry

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP one source|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Nuh Assembly constituency|Nuh]]
| party = [[Indian National Lok Dal]]
| term_end = 2005
| term_start = 2000
| birth_place = Village Rehna, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]] {{small|(present-day [[Haryana]], [[India]])}}
| successor = [[Habib Ur Rehman]]
| predecessor = [[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed|Khurshid Ahmed]]
| parents = [[Yasin Khan]]
| relations = [[Tayyab Husain]] (brother)
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1946|01|01}}
| image =
| caption = Official portrait, 2000
}}
'''Chaudhary Hamid Hussain''' was an Indian Politician and former member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Nuh Assembly constituency|Nuh constituency]] in the previously [[Gurgaon district]] of [[Haryana]]. He was elected as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] once from the [[Nuh Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuh Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/nuh-haryana-assembly-constituency |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
He was born to [[Yasin Khan]], in the village of Rehna, Nuh district. He is the brother of two-time Member of Parliament, [[Tayyab Husain]] and uncle of former Nuh MLA, [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]].

== Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Nuh Assembly constituency}}{{Election box begin|title=[[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] : Nuh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Hamid Hussain|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=31,454|percentage=40.08%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]]|votes=22,020|percentage=28.06%|change={{increase}}21.67|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=[[Habib Ur Rehman]]|votes=21,432|percentage=27.31%|change={{increase}}26.53|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Haryana Vikas Party|candidate=Hanif|votes=933|percentage=1.19%|change={{decrease}}8.64|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=Mohd. Asad|votes=871|percentage=1.11%|change=''New''|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sunil Kumar|votes=806|percentage=1.03%|change=''New''|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (United)|candidate=Gani (Abdul Gani)|votes=461|percentage=0.59%|change=''New''|}}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=9,434|percentage=12.02%|change={{decrease}}0.07}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=78,484|percentage=71.42%|change={{increase}}9.88}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=1,11,754|ref=|change={{increase}}0.36}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Lok Dal|loser=Indian National Congress|swing={{increase}}9.72}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
<references responsive="1"></references>

[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2000–2005]]
[[Category:Indian National Lok Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1946 births]]

{{Haryana-politician-stub}}

Dhara Gujjar

2026-04-20T16:22:12Z

AngelesEller0: made a info

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Dhara Gujjar
| female = true
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Dhara Gujjar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]
| international =

| oneodi =
| odidebutdate =
| odidebutyear =
| odidebutagainst =
| odicap =
| lastodidate =
| lastodiyear =
| lastodiagainst =

| T20Idebutdate =
| T20Idebutyear =
| T20Idebutagainst =
| T20Icap =
| lastT20Idate =
| lastT20Iyear =
| lastT20Iagainst =

| club1 = [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]
| year1 =
| club2 =
| year2 = l
| club3 =
| year3 =
| club4 = [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]]
| year4 = 2023

| columns = 1

| column1 =
| matches1 =
| runs1 =
| bat avg1 =
| 100s/50s1 =
| top score1 =
| deliveries1 =
| wickets1 =
| bowl avg1 =
| fivefor1 =
| tenfor1 =
| best bowling1 =
| catches/stumpings1 =

| date = 28 March 2023
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/dhara-gujjar-1255408 ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Dhara Gujjar''' (born 18 August 2002) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who plays for [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]. She plays as a right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]] and left-handed [[Batting (cricket)|batter]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhara Gujjar Profile - Cricket Player India. Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/dhara-gujjar-1255408 |access-date=2023-03-21 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> In the inaugural [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|WPL]] auction in February 2023, Gujjar was purchased by [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]] franchise at 10 lakhs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WPL Auction 2023. Cricbuzz.com |url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/wpl-2023/auction/players/22281 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhara Gujjar Profile. Dhara Gujjar Cricket Career. Cricket Stats |url=https://hindi.news18.com/cricket/profile/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0/75628.html |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1255408}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gujjar, Dhara}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian sportspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Manjulal Majmudar

2026-04-19T19:20:30Z

AngelesEller0: started new stub - done

{{Short description|Gujarati language writer}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Manjulal Majmudar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Manjulal Ranchhodlal Majmudar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1897|9|18}}
| birth_place = [[Petlad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1984|11|11|1897|9|18}}
| death_place = [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| occupation =
| pseudonym =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| awards = [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
| influenced =
| signature =
| doctoral_advisor = N. A. Thoothi<ref>{{Cite book|page=274|editor-last1=Narain|editor-first1=D|title=Research in Sociology (Abstracts of M.A. and Ph.D. Dissertations Completed in the Department of Socioloyg, University of Bombay)}}</ref>
| thesis_title = Cultural Background of Gujarat Art: Especially its Art of Miniature Painting
| thesis_year = 1944
| native_name = Mañjulāla Raṇachoḍalāla Majamudāra
| native_name_lang = gu
}}
'''Manjulal Ranchhodlal Majmudar''' (18 September 1897 – 11 November 1984) was a [[Gujarati language]] writer and scholar. He was awarded the [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1968.<ref name="AGSI">{{cite book|title=અર્વાચીન ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઈતિહાસ - આધુનિક અને અનુઆધુનિક યુગ|trans-title=History of Modern Gujarati Literature - Modern and Post-modern era|last=Brahmabhatt|first=Prasad|publisher=Parshwa Publication|year=2010|isbn=978-93-5108-247-7|location=Ahmedabad|pages=1403|language=gu}}</ref>

==Biography==
Manjulal Majmudar was born on 18 September 1897 at [[Petlad]] (Peṭalāda), in the [[Anand district]] of Gujarat, India. Majmudar got his education at [[Vadodara]] (Vaḍodarā), [[Gujarat]]. He completed his Bachelors in Arts in 1918 with [[Sanskrit]] and [[English Language|English]] Subjects. He completed his LL.B. in 1921 and started his career as a teacher at the National School, [[Bharuch]] (Bharūca). He started practicing as a lawyer, but switchec careers due to his interest in literature. In May 1928, he joined the Department of Education at Vadodara as the editor of ''Sayājī Sāhityamālā''. In 1929, he was awarded an M.A. by the [[University of Mumbai|University of Bombay]] for his article on the cultural history of Gujarat. At the 7th All India Oriental Conference held at Vadodara in 1933, he presented new discoveries of Vaishnava paintings in ''Bālagopālastuti'' and ''[[Bhagavata Purana|Bhāgavata Daśama Skaṁdha]]''. He joined [[Baroda College]] as a professor in 1938. He received the Nārāyaṇa Mahādeva Paramānaṁda award in 1941 for promoting the poetic works of [[Narsinh Mehta]] and [[Mirabai]] through his article ''Narasiṁha ane Mīrāṁnāṁ Padono Māravāḍamāṁ Pracāra'' which was published under a research grant by the [[University of Mumbai|University of Bombay]]. In 1943, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Bombay, writing a thesis on the subject of ''Cultural Background of Gujarat Art: Especially Miniatures''. Later, in 1947, he received the ''Springer Research Scholarship'' for three years from the [[University of Mumbai]] for the research of ''Gujarat's slang, sculpture and architecture''. He retired from service in 1952. He died on 11 November 1984 at Vadodara, Gujarat.<ref name="Shukla2002">{{cite encyclopedia |title=મજમુદાર, મંજુલાલ રણછોડલાલ |encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]] (ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ) |publisher=Gujarati Vishvkosh trust |location=Ahmedabad |last=Shukla |first=Jaykumar R. |date=2002 |editor-last=Thakar |editor-first=Dhirubhai |editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker |volume=15 |pages= |language=gu |trans-title=Majmudar, Manjulal Ranchchodlal |oclc=}}</ref>

He was awarded the [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] of the year 1968.<ref name="AGSI" /><ref name="Shukla2002" />

=== Writing ===
Besides edits, essays and texts, he has authored more than 400 articles, various magazines and publications on Indian culture and Gujarati language literature.<ref name=Shukla2002/>

===Notable works===
Select works of Majmudar include:
* {{Cite book|title=Mādhavānala-kāmakandalā-prabandha : in two volumes. 1|publisher= Oriental Institute|location=Baroda|date=1942|series=Gaekwad's Oriental Series}}
* {{Cite journal|date=1947 |title=Dwārkā Image of Raṇchhoḍjī and the temple at Ḍākore |journal=Journal of the University of Bombay |volume=16}}
* {{Cite journal|title=Illustrated MSS. of Bilvamaṅgala's Bāla-gōpāla-stuti|journal=Journal of the University of Bombay|date=1948|location=Bombay}}
* {{cite book|title=Sadayavatsa vīra prabandha : aneka hastalikhita pratiyoṃ kī sahāya se saṃśodhita ajñāta kavikṛta "sāvaliṃgā pāṇigrahaṇa caupaī" aura kavi kīrtivardhana racita 'sadayavatsa sāvaliṃgā caupaī' ke pariśiṣṭa aura prastāvanā evaṃ ṭippaṇiyām sahita|publisher=Sādūla Rājasthānī Ris. Inst.|location=Bīkānera|date=1960}}
* {{cite book|title=Historical and cultural chronology of Gujarat from earliest times to end of the Rāṣṭrakūṭa - Pratikhāra period: i.e. upto 942 A.D.)|publisher=Maharaj Sayajirao Univ. of Baroda|location=Baroda|date=1960}}
* {{cite book|title=Gujarat : its art-heritage; illustrated with 60 art-plates in monochrome and 11 in colour, and with a map|publisher=Bombay University|location=Bombay|date=1968}}
* {{cite book|title=Mīrāṃbāi - eka manana|publisher=Prācyavidyā Mandira, Mahārāja Sayājī̄̄rāva Viśvavidyālaya|location=Vaḍodarā|series=
Sayājī sāhityamāḷā, 332}}
* {{cite book|title=Vaiṣṇavatı̄rtha ḍākora|publisher=Prācyavidyā Mandira, Mahārājā Sayājı̄rāva Viśvavidyālaya|location=Vaḍodarā|date=1984|series=
Sayājī sāhityamāḷā, 362}}

== See also ==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Majmudar, Manjulal}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:People from Anand district]]

Bachchamohan Roy

2026-04-18T23:01:11Z

AngelesEller0: Post

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bachchamohan Roy
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1996
| term_end = 2011
| constituency = [[Maynaguri Assembly constituency|Mainaguri]]
| predecessor = Nityananda Adhikari
| successor = [[Ananta Deb Adhikari]]
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bachchamohan Roy''' was an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] in [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]], [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]] and [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]] from [[Maynaguri Assembly constituency|Mainaguri]] constituency, as a member of the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= BACHCHAMOHAN ROY (Winner) Mainaguri (Jalpaiguri) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.myneta.info/wb2006/candidate.php?candidate_id=33|access-date=2025-09-14|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal Assembly Election Results in 2006|url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/2006-election-results.html|access-date=2025-09-14|website=Elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal Assembly Election Results in 2001|url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/2001-election-results.html|access-date=2025-09-14|website=Elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal Assembly Election Results in 1996|url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/1996-election-results.html|access-date=2025-09-14|website=Elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mainaguri Assembly Constituency Election Result|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/mainaguri-west-bengal-assembly-constituency|access-date=2025-09-14|website=Result University}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Bachchamohan}}
[[Category:Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

{{WestBengal-politician-stub}}

Narsinghgarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:00:30Z

AngelesEller0: started biography

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Narsinghgarh
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 160
| map_image = 160-Narsinghgarh.svg
| mla = [[Mohan Sharma (politician)|Mohan Sharma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Rajyavardhan Singh
| established = 1957
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Rajgarh district|Rajgarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Rajgarh]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:211452}}<ref name="elections2018">{{cite web |title=2018 Vidhan Sabha Elections Result Book of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Election2018/Result%20Booklet%20AE%202018%20v6.pdf |access-date= November 21, 2020}}</ref>
}}

'''Narsinghgarh Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is part of [[Rajgarh district]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
=== Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Radhavallabh Vijayvargiya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Bhanwarlal Jivan]]
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Member<ref name="election2018-2">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/narsinghgarh.html|website=elections.in|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[Bhanwarlal Jivan]]<ref name=election1957>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3728-madhya-pradesh-1957/ |title=Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election -1957 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Radhavallabh Vijayvargiya]]<ref name=election1957/>
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Bhanuprakash Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Krishnamohan
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Mangi Lal Bhandari
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2| Siddumal Dhallumal
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
| [[Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Rajya Vardhan Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Hanuman Prasad Garg
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Mangilal Bhandari
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[Dhul Singh Yadav]]
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Mohan Sharma (politician)|Mohan Sharma]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Girish Bhandari]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|Rajyavardhan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Mohan Sharma (politician)|Mohan Sharma]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narsinghgarh<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Mohan Sharma (politician)|Mohan Sharma]]
|votes = {{formatnum:113084}}
|percentage = 56.29
|change = +6.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Girish Bhandari]]
|votes = {{formatnum:81169}}
|percentage = 40.4
|change = -3.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1088}}
|percentage = 0.54
|change = -0.38
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:31915}}
|percentage = 15.89
|change = +10.35
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:200891}}
|percentage = 83.94
|change = +3.5
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narsinghgarh<ref name="elections2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajyavardhan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:85335}}
|percentage = 49.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Girish Bhandari]]
|votes = {{formatnum:75801}}
|percentage = 44.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pankaj Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:3459}}
|percentage = 2.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dr. Shivnarayan Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:2605}}
|percentage = 1.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1581}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9534}}
|percentage = 5.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:171897}}
|percentage = 80.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narsinghgarh<ref name="election2013"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Girish Bhandari]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 85847
|percentage = 54.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Mohan Sharma (politician)|Mohan Sharma]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 62829
|percentage = 40.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Munna Bhai
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 2081
|percentage = 1.33
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Mohan Dada
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1297
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Girish
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1288
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Mohan Sharma (politician)|Mohan Sharma]]
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 875
|percentage = 0.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Neeraj Yadav
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 577
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1669
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 156463
|percentage = 80.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box swing with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Narsinghgarh, Rajgarh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.71|77.09|display=title}}

[[Category:Vidisha district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Powayan Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:49:19Z

AngelesEller0: created the article needs work...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Powayan
| map_image = 134-Powayan.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 134
| established = 1956
| district = [[Shahjahanpur district|Shahjahanpur]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Chetram]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| electors = 318,610 (2012)
}}
'''Powayan''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Shahjahanpur district|Shahjahanpur]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956.<ref name="DPACO (1956)">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1956)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=16 December 2015|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-56-DCI.pdf}}</ref> After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 134.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 16 December 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/powayan.html}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Powayan Assembly constituency is KCs Khutar, Powayan, Banda, Nahil, Powayan NP & Khutar NP of Powayan Tehsil.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! From !! To !! Days !! Comments !! Ref
|-
| 01 || [[01st Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|01st Vidhan Sabha]] || - || - || Mar-1952 || Mar-1957 || 1,849 || Constituency not in existence || <ref name="1951 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1951 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 02 || rowspan="2" | [[02nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|02nd Vidhan Sabha]] || Rajkumar Surendra Singh || rowspan="2" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] || rowspan="2" | Apr-1957 || rowspan="2" | Mar-1962 || rowspan="2" | 1,800 || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | <ref name=" 1957 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1957 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Kamle
|-
| 03 || [[03rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|03rd Vidhan Sabha]] || Raja Vikaram Shah || [[Independent politician|Independent]] || Mar-1962 || Mar-1967 || 1,828 || - ||<ref name=" 1962 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1962 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 04 || [[04th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|04th Vidhan Sabha]] || K. Lal || rowspan="3" | [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1967 || Apr-1968 || 402 || - || <ref name=" 1967 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 05 || [[05th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|05th Vidhan Sabha]] || Kandhai || Feb-1969 || Mar-1974 || 1,832 || - || <ref name=" 1969 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 06 || [[06th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|06th Vidhan Sabha]] || Roop Ram || Mar-1974 || Apr-1977 || 1,153 || - || <ref name=" 1974 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 07 || [[07th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|07th Vidhan Sabha]] || Suraj Prasad || [[Janata Party]] || Jun-1977 || Feb-1980 || 969 || - || <ref name=" 1977 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 08 || [[08th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|08th Vidhan Sabha]] || Roop Ram || [[Indian National Congress (I)]] || Jun-1980 || Mar-1985 || 1,735 || - || <ref name=" 1980 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 09 || [[09th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|09th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Chetram]] || rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1985 || Nov-1989 || 1,725 || - || <ref name=" 1985 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 10 || [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] || Dec-1989 || Apr-1991 || 488 || - || <ref name=" 1989 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 11 || [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]] || Net Ram || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Jun-1991|| Dec-1992 || 533 || - || <ref name=" 1991 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 12 || [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Chetram]] || rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]] || Dec-1993|| Oct-1995 || 693 || - || <ref name=" 1993 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 13 || [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] || Oct-1996 || May-2002 || 1,967 || - || <ref name=" 1996 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 14 || [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | Mithlesh Kumar || [[Independent politician|Independent]] || Feb-2002 || May-2007 || 1,902 || - || <ref name=" 2002 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 15 || [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Samajwadi Party]] || May-2007 || Mar-2012 || 1,762 || - || <ref name=" 2007 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 16 || [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Sakuntla Devi]] || Mar-2012 || Mar-2017 || - || - || <ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 17 || [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2"|[[Chetram]] || rowspan="2"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Mar-2017 || Mar-2022 || || || <ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=16 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 18 || [[Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|18th Vidhan Sabha]] || Mar-2022 || Incumbent || -|| ||
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Powayan<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Chetram
|votes = {{formatnum:129785}}
|percentage = 55.62
|change = {{increase}}0.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Upendra Pal Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:78207}}
|percentage = 33.52
|change = {{increase}}9.87
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Udayveer Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:16799}}
|percentage = 7.2
|change = {{decrease}}9.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Anuj Kumri
|votes = {{formatnum:2493}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1367}}
|percentage = 0.59
|change = {{decrease}}0.32
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:51578}}
|percentage = 22.1
|change = {{decrease}}9.5
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:233325}}
|percentage = 60.31
|change = {{decrease}}3.07
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=2017 General Elections: Powayan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Chetram | Chetram Pasi ]]
|votes = {{formatnum:126635}}
|percentage = 55.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Shakuntla Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:54218}}
|percentage = 23.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Gurbachan Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:38797}}
|percentage = 16.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2065}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:72417}}
|percentage = 31.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:229205}}
|percentage = 63.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Powayan}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Sakuntla Devi]]
|votes = 59,871
|percentage = 28.78
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Arun Kumar Sagar
|votes = 50,973
|percentage = 24.5
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chetram
|votes = 50,551
|percentage = 24.3
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 13 candidates
|votes = 46,665
|percentage = 22.42
|change = -
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 8,898
|percentage = 4.28
|change = -
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 208,060
|percentage = 65.3
|change = -
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

<ref name=" 2012 Election Results "/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
*[[Tilhar Assembly constituency]]
*[[Shahjahanpur district]]
*[[Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Vidhan Bhawan]]

== References ==

{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shahjahanpur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

V. P. Joy

2026-04-13T00:31:12Z

AngelesEller0: stub

{{short description|Indian poet, writer and researcher}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| term_start = {{Start date|2021|02|28|df=yes}}
| term_end = June 2023
| office = [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]], [[Government of Kerala]]
| predecessor = [[Vishwas Mehta]]
| successor = Dr.V.Venu<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETGovernment.com |title=Kerala IAS V Venu, IPS Sheikh Darvesh to assume charge as chief secretary and DGP on July 1 - ET Government |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/kerala-ias-v-venu-ips-sheikh-darvesh-to-assume-charge-as-chief-secretary-and-dgp-on-july-1/101335601 |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref>
| office2 = [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]] (Coordination and [[Special Protection Group|Security]]), Government of India
| term_start2 = 1 January 2020
| term_end2 = 11 January 2021
| predecessor2 = [[Rajesh Bhushan]]
| successor2 = Praveen Kumar Srivastava
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|06|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[College of Engineering, Trivandrum]]
| occupation = Chairperson, Kerala Public Enterprises Selection and Recruitment Board.
}}

'''Vazhayil Pathrose Joy''', also known as '''Joy Vazhayil''' (born 30 June 1963), is an Indian poet, writer, researcher,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joy_P_Vazhayil|title=Joy P. Vazhayil {{!}} Doctor of Philosophy}}</ref> and administrator. He is also known for books and research papers on the energy policy and also on philosophy of education, mind and metaphysics. He has published several literary works in [[Malayalam]] language, mainly poetic compositions.

During his official career spanning more than three and a half decades, he has held important assignments in the [[Government of India]] as well as in the State [[Government of Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. V P Joy's Complete Biodata |url=https://kerala.gov.in/profile/Bio_Dr_V_P_Joy.pdf |website=Kerala Web Portal}}</ref>

Joy took charge as the Chief Secretary of State of Kerala, India on 28 February 2021 and demitted office on 30 June 2023. During this period, he has been instrumental in the e-Governance transformation of Kerala which declared total e-governance on 25 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Is India's First Fully E-Governed State: Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://thewire.in/government/kerala-is-indias-first-fully-e-governed-state-chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan}}</ref>
He is from the 1987 batch of the [[Indian Administrative Service]]. Currently he is the Chairperson of Kerala Public Enterprises Selection and Recruitment Board.

== Life ==

=== Academic profile ===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. V.P.JOY |url=https://kerala.gov.in/profile/Bio_Dr_V_P_Joy.pdf |website=Kerala Web Portal}}</ref>

Joy was born to Aleyamma and V. V. Pathrose of the Vazhayil house in [[Ernakulam district]], [[Kerala]]. After his early education, he graduated in Electronics & Communication Engineering from the [[College of Engineering, Trivandrum|College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram]]. Later he did an [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A.]] from the [[University of Birmingham]] and subsequently completed his [[Master of Philosophy|M.Phil.]] from [[Panjab University|Panjab University, Chandigarh]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

He was awarded doctoral degree from the [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]] on Optimization of India's Energy Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vazhayil|first=Joy|date=7 September 2012|title=Hierarchical multi-objective optimization of India's energy strategy portfolios for sustainable development|journal=International Journal of Energy Sector Management|volume=6|issue=3|pages=301–320|doi=10.1108/17506221211259691|bibcode=2012IJESM...6..301V }}</ref> He was selected as a Giorgio Ruffolo Post-doctoral Research Fellow in the Sustainability Science Program of Harvard University in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harvard Kennedy School |url=https://www.hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/mrcbg/files/Centernewsletter_October2014.pdf}}</ref>

=== Academic Associations ===
He has been Member, Syndicate of the Kerala(1992-1996), Mahatma Gandhi(1992-1996) and Calicut(1992-1996 and 2000-2002) Universities; Member, Senate of Cochin University of Science and Technology(1992-1996); Dean of the Deendayal Upadhyaya National Academy of Social Security(2016-2018); Governing Body member, Jesus and Mary College, Delhi(2018-2019); Member of Research Advisory Council of NTPC Energy Technology Research Alliance(NETRA)(2009-2012); Life Member, Indian Institute of Public Administration, Delhi; Chairperson, Institute of Management in Government, Kerala(2021-2023); Member of Governing Body, MA College of Engineering, Kothamangalam(2024–25); Honorary Professor, IIT,Palakkad(2023-2025) and Honorary Professor, IISER, Thiruvananthapuram(2025 Onwards).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. V.P.JOY |url=https://kerala.gov.in/profile/Bio_Dr_V_P_Joy.pdf |website=Kerala Web Portal}}</ref>

=== Career ===
V. P. Joy joined the [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|Vikram Sarabhai Space Center]] as Scientist/Engineer in 1985 and worked on the control and guidance of launch vehicles and developed the Guidance algorithm of the Polar Satellite Launch vehicle(PSLV).

In the [[Indian Administrative Service]] he held various senior positions in the [[Government of Kerala]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chief Secretaries of Kerala |work=GAD Kerala |url=https://gad.kerala.gov.in/chief-secretaries}}</ref> and the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/save/meet-vp-joy-the-man-trying-to-give-epfo-a-more-worker-and-employer-friendly-face/articleshow/59302014.cms|title=Meet VP Joy, the man trying to give EPFO a more worker and employer-friendly face|last=Goyal|first=Malini|date=25 June 2017|work=The Economic Times|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>
He started his career in the IAS as the Subcollector, Palakkad in 1989. Subsequently held the position of Head of Department in the departments of Scheduled Castes Development, Collegiate Education, General Education, Cooperation and Transport. He was the District Collector and District Magistrate of Ernakulam(1996-1999), KSEB Chairman(2011) and the Principal Finance Secretary of Kerala(2011-2013). In the Government of Kerala, he was Secretary in the departments of Taxes, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Planning & Economic Affairs, Labour and Transport. In the Government of India, he held the positions of Director in the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Power, Cabinet Secretariat and PMO, Hydrocarbons Director General, Central Provident Fund Commissioner of EPFO & Dean, National Academy of Social Security, Chairperson, National Authority of Chemical Weapons and Secretary in the Cabinet Secretariat in charge of Coordination and Security. He has been Chairman of KSFE, KSRTC, KINFRA and Director of Several companies including NTPC, Cochin Shipyard, Mangalore, Bongaigaon and Kochi refineries, Kochi and Kannur airports, Kochi Metro, KSIDC, Apollo Tyres etc.

Kerala effectively handled<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Chathukulam | first1=J. | last2=Tharamangalam | first2=J. | title=The Kerala model in the time of COVID19: Rethinking state, society and democracy | journal=World Development | date=2020 | volume=137 | article-number=105207 | doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105207 | pmid=32989341 | pmc=7510531 }}</ref> the second Covid wave minimising adverse impacts under his administrative leadership. He has been instrumental in several administrative reforms including implementation of total e-governance in Kerala.<ref>{{cite web | title=NeSDA 2021 Report: Kerala scores overall highest in national e-governance service delivery assessment, J-K tops among UTs | url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-india/nesda-2021-report-kerala-scores-overall-highest-in-national-e-governance-service-delivery-assessment-j-k-tops-among-uts/92176828 }}</ref> He has led several reforms in social and economic sectors including literacy and educational initiatives, service centric initiatives for ease of life and ease of doing business etc. both at the state and national levels. Leading the transformation of Employees Provident Fund Organisation(EPFO, India) during his tenure in electronic service delivery is a notable case this regard<ref>{{cite web | title=Employees' Provident Fund Organization: Empowering members by digital transformation | IIMA | url=https://www.iima.ac.in/publication/employees-provident-fund-organization-empowering-members-digital-transformation }}</ref> Similar transformation was achieved in the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons during his tenure(2018-2019) and also in the National Government Services Portal during 2020 under his leadership.

== Literary Contributions ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7758252.Joy_Vazhayil|title=Joy Vazhayil is a Malayalam poet from Kerala|website=Goodreads}}</ref>

Joy Vazhayil has published fourteen poetic works, two novels and four translation works in Malayalam besides writing many articles.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Literary genres
!Title
!Publisher
|-
| rowspan="15" |Poems
|Manalvarakaḷ
|DC Books, Kottayam
|-
|Nimishajalakam
|DC Books, Kottayam
|-
|Mathruvilapam
|D.C.Books, Kottayam
|-
|Nilaanirjhari
|Mathrubhumi Books, Kozhikode
|-
|Rithubhedangal
|Mathrubhumi Books, Kozhikode
|-
|Ramanuthapam
|Sahitya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangham(SPCS), Kottayam
|-
|Salabhayaanam
|Sahitya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangham(SPCS), Kottayam
|-
|Malayala Gazal
|Current Books, Thrissur
|-
|Niramezhuthum Porul
|DeLight Books, Delhi
|-
|Mukthakangal, Samasyakal
|DeLight Books, Delhi
|-
|Nakshatraragam
|Jeevan Publications, Alappuzha
|-
|Veenakkambikal
|Media Book House, Delhi
|-
|Kaanaamara
|DC Books, Kottayam
|-
|Maunabhasha
|Vallathol Vidyapeedam, Malappuram
|-
|Nakshathrangal Kozhiyumbol
|Green Books, Thrissur
|-
| rowspan="2" |Novel
|Arivaazham
|Sahitya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangham(SPCS), Kottayam
|-
|Bandhanasthanaya Nyayadhipan
|Media Book House, Delhi
|-
| rowspan="1" |Language Works
|Vrithabodhini
|Kerala Bhasha Institute, Thiruvananthapuram
|-
| rowspan="4" |Translations to Malayalam
|Upanishad Kavyatharaavali
|Mathrubhumi Books, Kerala
|-
|Taoismthinte Jnanappana
|Kurukshetra Books, Ernakulam
|-
|Pravachakan
|National Bookstall, Kerala
|-
|Venkalaroopiyaya Asvaroodan
|Media Book House, Delhi
|-
| rowspan="3" |Multidisciplinary Works
|Limits and Limitations of the Human Mind
|Vikas Publishers, New Delhi, (1995)
|-
|Facets of freedom
|Concept Publishers, New Delhi (1997)
|-
|Reflections on the Philosophy of Education
|NCERT, New Delhi, (2002)
|}

== Awards and honors ==

* [[S. K. Pottekkatt]] Award for the Poetry collection ‘Nimishajalakam’
* [[Mahakavi Ulloor]] Award for the Poetry collection ‘Kaanaamara’
* [[Chemmanam Chacko]] Award
* Akshaya Literary Award
* Malayali Margazhi Sahitya Puraskaram
* Chandrotsavam Puraskaram
* Pazhassi Raja Sahityapratibha Puraskaram, 2019
* The research paper, "A framework for equitable apportionment of emission reduction commitments to mitigate global warming" published in the International Journal of Energy Sector Management was the Highly Commended Award Winner of the Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Furlonge|first=Haydn|date=5 April 2013|title=2012 Awards for Excellence|journal=International Journal of Energy Sector Management|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1108/ijesm.2013.32807aaa.002}}</ref>
* Appreciation award for Anti-tobacco activities in Kerala State by the Regional Cancer Association, 2001.
* Hindi Translation of 'Ramanuthapam' by Dr H Balasubrahmanyam won the translation award of the Ministry of Culture, Govt of India.

== Research Papers ==
Sources:<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://independent.academia.edu/JoyVazhayil|title=Joy Vazhayil {{!}}A researcher interested in connecting the complex and multifaceted reality to get a glimpse of truth as far as knowable.|website=Academia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=rY2-8RoAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Joy . P. Vazhayil, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|website=Google Scholar}}</ref>
* Vazhayil, J.P., Balasubramanian., R, 2010. Copenhagen commitments and implications: A comparative analysis of India and China. Energy Policy 38, 7442-7450. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joy-P-Vazhayil
* Vazhayil, J.P., Balasubramanian, R., 2013. A Log frame Analysis of India's Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Technology Implications. In Sundaresan, J.; Sreckesh, S.; Ramanathan, A.L.; Sonnenschen, Lenand; Boojh, Ram, Climate Change and Environment, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. https://iisertvm.academia.edu/JoyVazhayil
* Vazhayil, J.P., Sharma, V.K., Balasubramanian, R., 2011. A framework for equitable apportionment of emission reduction commitments to mitigate global warming. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 5, 381-406
* Vazhayil, J.P. Balasubramanian, R. 2012. Hierarchical Multi-Objective Optimization of India's Energy Strategy Portfolio for Sustainable Development, International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. 6 Iss: 3, pp. 301–20
* Vazhayil, J.P., Balasubramanian, R., 2013. Optimization of India's Power Sector Strategies Using Weight Restricted Stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis, Energy Policy, Vol 56, pp. 456–465.
* Vazhayil, J.P., Balasubramanian, R., February 2014. Optimization of India's Electricity Generation Portfolio Using Intelligent Pareto-Search Genetic Algorithm, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 55, 13–20.
* Narasimhan, Ravichandran, Vazhayil, J.P., Narayanaswami, Sundaravalli, 2018,.Employees' provident fund organization: Empowering members by digital transformation, DOI: 10.1002/pa.1844 Journal of Public Affairs.
* Vazhayil, J. (2025). A Conceptual Framework for Synergising Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity (v1.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17507206

== References ==
<references />

{{Malayalam Literature}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joy, V. P.}}
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
[[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]
[[Category:ISRO people]]

Sarayu Mohan

2026-04-09T07:18:43Z

AngelesEller0:

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1989)}}
{{redirect|Sarayu (actress)|the American actress|Sarayu Rao}}
{{Indian patronymic|Sarayu|Mohan}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sarayu Mohan
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption = Sarayu on a film set
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|07|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thrippunithura]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername = Ammu
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|dancer|host}}
| yearsactive = 2006–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|Sanal V. Devan|2016}}
| website =
}}

'''Sarayu Mohan''' (born 10 July 1989) is an Indian actress who appears in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]] and television shows. She made her debut in the lead role with the movie ''[[Kappal Muthalaali]]'' in 2009.

== Film career ==

Sarayu started her career by doing minor roles in movies like ''[[Chakkara Muthu]]'' and ''[[Veruthe Oru Bharya]]''. Her debut movie in a lead role was ''[[Kappal Muthalaali]]'' directed by Thaha. Her next movie was ''[[Chekavar]]'', in which she played the protagonist Gauri. She paired with Bala in [[Sahasram (film)|Sahasram]], and in ''[[Four Friends (2010 film)|Four Friends]]'' with Kunjakko boban. She played a negative character in ''[[Four Friends (2010 film)|Four Friends]]''. She also appeared in ''[[Kanyakumari Express (film)|Kanyakumari Express]]'' by TS Sureshbabu and Inganeyum Oraal. ''[[Karayilekku Oru Kadal Dooram]]'' was the movie in which she acted as Indrajith's wife. She did a guest appearance in ''Orkut Oru Ormakoot'' with Siddique. In ''[[Janapriyan]]'' alongside Jayasurya, Bhama and Manoj K Jayan, she played the role of Revathi which was a notable character. In ''[[Nadakame Ulakam]]'', directed by Viji Thampi, she acted with Mukesh. She did a major role in ''[[Nidra (2012 film)|Nidra]]'', a directional venture of [[Sidharth Bharathan]]. She has worked in ''[[Husbands in Goa]]'', alongside [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Jayasurya]] and [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]], in which she appeared as a sly seductive girl, out for trapping men. She received many criticisms, both positive and negative, for this role. She had a guest role in ''[[Housefull (2013 film)|Housefull]]'', directed by Linson Antony. Meanwhile, she also stepped into Tamil through the movie ''[[Thee Kulikkum Pachai Maram]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/good-times-are-here-for-sarayu/articleshow/15338507.cms |title=Good times are here for Sarayu |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 January 2017 }}</ref>

Recently she directed a short film, ''Pacha'', which has the voice by actress [[Bhama (actress)|Bhama]]. There are songs in the film, and a poem sung by the actress [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

== Personal life ==
Sarayu married Sanal V. Devan on 12 November 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Sarayu marries assistant director Sanal |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/actress-sarayu-wedding-photo-husband-sanal-v-devan.html |date=2016-11-13}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of Sarayu Mohan film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2006|| ''[[Chakkara Muthu]]'' ||Dhanya|| Malayalam || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2007|| ''Monjulla Painkili'' ||Heroine|| Malayalam || Album||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2008 || ''[[Veruthe Oru Bharya]]'' ||Betty || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Sultan (2008 film)|Sultan]]'' || Neena || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''Azhagotha Maina''||Heroine|| Malayalam || Album||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2009 || ''[[Kappal Muthalaali]]'' || Radhika ||Malayalam || Debut film as heroine||
|-
| ''Mounam'' || Unknown || Malayalam || ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2010 || ''[[Chekavar (film)|Chekavar]]'' || Gauri || Malayalam || ||
|-
| '' Nizhal '' || Malavika || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''Inganeyum Oral '' || Meera || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Four Friends (2010 film)|Four Friends]]'' || Vineetha || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Kanyakumari Express (film)|Kanyakumari Express]]'' || Hema || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Karayilekku Oru Kadal Dooram]]'' || Meera || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Sahasram (film)|Sahasram]]'' || Yamuna || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''Kungumam''|| Heroine || Malayalam ||Album ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2011 || ''[[Nadakame Ulakam]]'' || Usha || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Janapriyan]]'' || Revathy || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Naayika]]'' || Vani|| Malayalam || ||
|-
|''[[Bombay Mittayi]]''|| Smitha || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''Snehaadaram'' || Unknown || Malayalam || ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2012 || ''Orkut Oru Ormakoot'' || Unknown || Malayalam || Cameo appearance ||
|-
| ''[[Padmasree Bharat Dr. Saroj Kumar]]'' ||Actress || Malayalam || Special appearance in the song "KESU" ||
|-
| ''[[Husbands in Goa]]'' || Saniya || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Nidra (2012 film)|Nidra]]'' || Priya || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Hero (2012 film)|Hero]]'' || Dharmarajan master's daughter || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Banking Hours 10 to 4]]'' || Ajay's lover || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Bhoomiyude Avakashikal]]'' ||Rema || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Karmayodha]]'' ||Nursing student || Malayalam || ||
|-
|rowspan="6" | 2013 ||''[[Housefull (2013 film)|Housefull]]'' ||Customer of the day care centre || Malayalam || Cameo appearance ||
|-
|''[[Radio (2013 film)|Radio]]'' || Priya || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''[[Money Back Policy (film)|Money Back Policy]]'' || Urmila || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''[[Thee Kulikkum Pachai Maram]]'' || Chandrika || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Tourist Home (film)|Tourist Home]]'' || Anitha || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''Pacha'' || Unknown || Malayalam ||Short film ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2014 || ''Thomson Villa'' || Anu || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''[[Konthayum Poonoolum]]'' ||Rosemary Rose|| Malayalam || ||
|-
|''[[Onnum Mindathe]]'' ||Rose || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''[[Varsham (2014 film)|Varsham]]'' ||Nandini's sister|| Malayalam || ||
|-
|''Avarude Veedu''|| {{n/a}}|| Malayalam || ||
|-
|''Bad Boys'' || {{n/a}}|| Malayalam || ||
|-
|rowspan="5"|2015||''Namukkore Aakasham'' ||Mini||Malayalam|| ||
|-
|''[[Salt Mango Tree]]'' ||Meenakshi Mohan || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''Ente Cinema - Movie Festival'' ||Cinema Actress || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''One Second Please'' ||{{n/a}}|| Malayalam|| ||
|-
|''Celebrate Happiness''||Herself || Malayalam ||Album ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2016|| ''Ente Vellithooval''||Sr. Merina||Malayalam|| ||
|-
|''Kaavalal'' ||{{n/a}} ||Malayalam||Short film ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017|| ''[[Si3 (film)|Si3]]''|| |Mrs. Ananda Rao || Tamil|| ||
|-
| ''[[Sherlock Toms]]'' ||Magistrate || Malayalam|| ||
|-
|''[[Aakashamittayee]]''||Rekha||Malayalam|| ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |2018||''Marubhoomiiyle Mazhathullikal''|| Anitha||Malayalam|| ||
|-
| ''[[Aanakkallan]]''||Nancy|| Malayalam|| ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2019||''[[Soothrakkaran]]'' ||Damayanthi|| Malayalam|| ||
|-
|''Njan Petta Makan''||Leena|| Malayalam|| ||
|-
|''[[Kakshi: Amminippilla|O.P.160/18 Kakshi: Ammini Pilla]]''||Marriage counselor||Malayalam|| ||
|-
|''[[Fancy Dress (2019 film)|Fancy Dress]]''||Wife in car||Malayalam||Cameo ||
|-
| ''Appuvinte Sathyeneshwanam''||Savithri || Malayalam|| ||
|-
|''Roudram 2018''||{{n/a}}|| Malayalam|| ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2020||''[[Rajavukku Check]]''||Gowri Raja||Tamil|| ||
|-
| ''Shakeela'' ||Shakeela|| Malayalam||Short film ||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/sarayu-in-shakeela-the-teaser-is-out/articleshow/76690014.cms |title=Sarayu in Shakeela, teaser out |work=The Times of India|date=29 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Akalam'' ||Indu|| Malayalam||Short film ||
|-
| ''Chamayangalude Sulthan'' ||{{n/a}}|| Malayalam||Lyrics only Short film/Documentary ||
|-
|2021||''[[Vidhi (2021 film)|Vidhi: The Verdict]]''||Treesa Sunny || Malayalam || ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2022||''Kannadi''||- || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''[[Yaanai]]''|| Jayachandran’s wife || Tamil || ||
|-
|''[[Ullasam (2022 film)|Ullasam]]''||Harry's aunt || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''Unknown''||Wife||Malayalam||Short film ||
|-
|''[[Khedda (film)|Khedda]]''||Dance teacher || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''Sagunthalavin Kadhalan''||- || Tamil || -||<ref>{{cite web | title=Sagunthalavin Kadhalan | Tamil Movie | Movie Reviews, Showtimes | date=11 July 2017 | url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/21169/tamil/sagunthalavin-kadhalan/ }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023||''[[Khali Purse of Billionaires]]''||Grace || Malayalam || ||
|-
|''Uppumavu''|| || Malayalam || ||{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
|''[[Within Seconds]]''
|Nisha
|Malayalam
|
|{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
|''[[Kunjamminis Hospital]]''
|Susanna Johny
|Malayalam
|
|
|-
|2024
|''Thrayam''
| Ranjini
|Malayalam
|
|<ref>{{cite web | title=Thrayam review: A watchable thriller lacking intrigue | date=25 October 2024 | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/thrayam-movie-review/ }}</ref>
|-
|2024
| ''Choppu''
|Khadeeja
|Malayalam
|
|<ref>{{cite web | title=Choppu (2024) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Trivandrum | url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/trivandrum/choppu/ET00388274 }}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''Faces''
|Dr. Smitha
|Malayalam
|
|<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/faces/movieshow/129215835.cms</ref>
|}

== Television ==
===Serials===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Serial !! Role !! Channel !! Notes !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|2007 ||''Velankani Mathavu'' ||Julliet ||[[Surya TV]] ||||
|-
|2007 ||''Manaporutham'' ||Sarayu ||[[Surya TV]] ||||
|-
|2008 ||''Enganeyundashane'' || ||[[Jaihind TV]] ||||
|-
|2015-2017||''Eeran Nilavu'' ||Nandana ||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||||
|-
|2020||''[[Ente Maathavu]]''||Helen Valookkaran||Surya TV||||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ente-mathavu-actress-sarayu-reveals-about-her-most-cherished-possession/articleshow/76466765.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Ente Mathavu actress Sarayu reveals about her most cherished possession|date=19 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|2023||[[Marimayam]]||Sumitra||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|}

=== Reality shows ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Program!! Role !! Channel !! Notes !! Ref.
|-
|2007||''Thillana Thillana''||Contestant||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2009||''Sarigama''||Participant||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2010|| ''Ente Priya Ganangal'' ||Presenter||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2011||''Vivel Big Break''||Judge||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2012||''Veruthe Alla Bharya''||Dancer||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|-
|2012|| ''Munch Dance Dance'' ||Judge||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2013|| ''Super Dancer'' ||Judge||[[Amrita TV]]||
|-
|2013-2014|| ''Yuvatharam''||Judge||[[Jaihind TV]]||
|-
|2014|| ''Let's Dance'' ||Judge||[[Amrita TV]]||
|-
|2014||''Vanitharatnam'' ||Judge||Amrita TV||
|-
|2015||''Smart Show'' ||Participant||Flowers||Game show
|-
|2015||''Thani Nadan'' ||Presenter||Mazhavil Manorama||
|-
|2015–2019|| ''Comedy Stars'' ||Celebrity Judge/Guest||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2017||''Vachakavum Pachakavum'' ||Presenter||Kairali TV||
|-
|2018|| ''Laughing Villa Season 2''||Judge||Surya TV||
|-
|2018||''Star War Season 2'' ||Contestant||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2018-2019|| ''Dance Kerala Dance'' ||Contestant||Zee Keralam||
|-
|2019||''[[Thakarppan Comedy]]'' ||Host||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/thakarppan-comedy-host-sarayu-mohan-mourns-the-death-of-ccd-founder-vg-siddhartha-shares-a-heart-touching-note/articleshow/70481759.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Thakarppan comedy host Sarayu Mohan mourns death of CCD founder V.G Siddhartha. Shares a heart-touching note|date=2 August 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|2020||''Kuttipattalam'' ||Guest||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2021||''Lets Rock N Roll''||Host||[[Zee Keralam]]||
|-
|2021||''Welcome 2021''||Dancer||[[Kairali TV]]||
|-
|2021||''Parayam Nedam''||Participant||[[Amrita TV]]||
|-
|2021||''Red Carpet''||Mentor||[[Amrita TV]]||
|-
|2021||''Madhuram Shobahanam''||Dancer||[[Zee Keralam]]||
|-
|2022||''Super Kudumbam''||Mentor||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|-
|2022||''Bzinga Family Festival''||Participant||[[Zee Keralam]]||
|-
|2023||''Onnonnara Ruchi''||Presenter||[[Zee Keralam]]||
|-
|}

She published a book titled ''Njyayaraazhchakale Snehicha Penkutty'', meaning "Girl Who Loved Sundays", which contains her own collection of poems and stories.She has acted in few [[advertisement]]s.
She has performed in many stage shows in various countries. Before entering into the film field she anchored some television programmes.

She is associating with a group named "Disha" which does charitable activities.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm3935249|Sarayu Mohan}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, Sarayu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kochi]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Jagroop Singh Gill

2026-04-07T16:00:57Z

AngelesEller0: put up biography

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| term_end = 
| constituency = [[Bathinda Urban Assembly constituency|Bathinda Urban]]
| majority = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| predecessor = [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]
| successor =
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
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}}
'''Jagroop Singh Gill''' is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the [[Bathinda Urban Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]]. He was elected as the MLA in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
He has served as municipal councillor for seven terms contesting on Congress ticket.<ref name="AAP MLA Express 13 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Just 2 days after results, AAP MLAs hit the ground running to keep poll promises |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/just-2-days-after-results-aap-mlas-hit-the-ground-running-to-keep-poll-promises-7817364/ |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tribune News 22 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Will focus on civic issues: Bathinda Urban MLA Jagroop Singh Gill |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/will-focus-on-civic-issues-jagroop-gill-379556 |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=22 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He was elected as the [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. He represented the [[Bathinda Urban Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

As an elected MLA Gill was entitled to have security cover and an official government vehicle, an Innova car. When he received a call about these, he declined to take the car or security cover. Gill had stated, "I am against VIP culture. I had written a letter requesting not to provide security, but the local police sent a few security personnel. But I don’t take them along. I will again ask them to take back the security personnel. I am a common man and don't need security". ''[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]'' reported that Gill is seen moving in his Wagon R car without security detail.<ref name="Tribune News 25 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Bathinda MLA refuses official vehicle, security |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/bathinda-mla-refuses-official-vehicle-security-380748 |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=25 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Chairman (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Local Bodies|Committee on Local Bodies]]<ref name="Committee on Local Bodies">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=31&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=2022-06-13 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514033512/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=31&Itemid=119 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Bathinda Urban Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Bathinda Urban Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Bathinda Urban
| before= [[Manpreet Singh Badal]] (INC)
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Jagroop Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Amba River (India)

2026-03-30T16:13:30Z

AngelesEller0:

{{Short description|River in Maharashtra, India}}

{{Infobox river
| mapframe = yes
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|18|38|43.13|N|73|3|37.09|E|type:river|display=title}}
| country = India
| pushpin_map = Maharashtra
| state = [[Maharashtra]], India
| image = Amba River.jpg
| image_caption = Amba River in [[Raigad district]]
}}

'''Amba River''' is a river in [[Raigad district]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnQIAAAAQAAJ&dq=Amba+River+is+a+river+in+Ratnagiri+district&pg=PA259 |title=The Geography of British India, Political & Physical |date=1882 |publisher=J. Murray |language=en}}</ref> The River comes from the Borghat mountain range in the Sahyadris at around 554 meters above sea level on the Khopoli-Khandala road.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-03 |title=Two days later, dolphin gets stranded once again in Amba river near Alibaug |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/two-days-later-dolphin-gets-stranded-once-again-in-amba-river-near-alibaug/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
The river initially flows southward and then northwestward until it joins the [[Arabian Sea]] at Dharamtar Bay near the village of Rewas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=William Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJIbAQAAIAAJ&dq=Amba+River+is+a+river+in+Ratnagiri+district&pg=PA260 |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |date=1886 |publisher=Trübner & Company |language=en}}</ref> The total length of the river before it joins the sea is about 76 kilometers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Karthik |first1=R. |last2=Robin |first2=R. S. |last3=Anandavelu |first3=I. |last4=Purvaja |first4=R. |last5=Singh |first5=Gurmeet |last6=Mugilarasan |first6=M. |last7=Jayalakshmi |first7=T. |last8=Deepak Samuel |first8=V. |last9=Ramesh |first9=R. |date=2020-03-01 |title=Diatom bloom in the Amba River, west coast of India: A nutrient-enriched tropical river-fed estuary |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352485519303123 |journal=Regional Studies in Marine Science |volume=35 |article-number=101244 |doi=10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101244 |bibcode=2020RSMS...3501244K |issn=2352-4855|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of Maharashtra]]

Charak Puja

2026-03-26T10:15:09Z

AngelesEller0: expand formatting also and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{Short description|Hindu folk festival}}
{{Multiple issues
|
{{more citations needed|date=December 2022}}
{{tone|date=October 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Charak Puja
| type = Indian festival
| longtype = [[Hinduism|Hindu]]
| image = Twenty-four plates by S. C. Belnos 006.jpg
| caption = Illustration of Charak Puja from ''Twenty-four plates illustrative of Hindoo and European Manners in Bengal'' (1832) by Sophie Charlotte Belnos (1795–1865)
| official_name =
| nickname = Nil Puja, Hajrha Puja
| observedby = [[Hindus]]
| begins =
| ends =
| date =
| date2009 =
| celebrations =
| observances =
| relatedto = [[Gajan (festival)|Gajan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/dharm-religion/festivals/story/charak-puja-2024-date-hindu-folk-festival-rituals-in-honor-of-the-deity-shiva-charak-in-west-bengal-before-noboborsho-1431-puja-performed-by-scheduled-caste-soc-978973-2024-04-13|title=Charak Puja 2024 Rituals: চড়ক পুজোর পৌরোহিত্য করেন পতিত ব্রাহ্মণেরা, জানুন প্রচলিত লোক সংস্কৃতির অজানা কাহিনি|website=AajTak Bangla}}</ref>
| significance =
| duration = 1 day
}}

'''Charak Puja''' or '''Pachamara Mela''' (also known as ''Chadak'', ''Nil Puja'' or ''Hajrha Puja'')<ref>from Syncretism, Narratives. "[https://hpuniv.ac.in/hpuniv/upload/uploadfiles/files/HPUJ-June-2022-issue.pdf Mid-Seventeenth-Century Mughal Bengal: A Study of Social Transformation and Narratives from Syncretism to Conflict]." ''Himachal Pradesh University Journal'': 45.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Oddie |first=Geoffrey A. |title=Popular religion, elites, and reform : hook-swinging and its prohibition in colonial India, 1800-1894 |date=1995 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=81-7304-101-6 |location=New Delhi |oclc=33970904}}</ref> is part of the [[Bengali Hindu]] folk [[festival]] of [[Gajan (festival)|Gajan]], held in honor of the deity [[Shiva]] or [[Dharmathakur]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhaumik |first1=Sudarshana |title=Locating Dharmamangal in the Rarh Bengal: A Brief Analysis of its Social Significance |journal=Vidyasagar University Journal of History |volume=6 |pages=127–135 |url=http://inet.vidyasagar.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4502/1/Sudarshana%20Bhaumik.pdf |access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref> The Gajan festival includes numerous forms of austerities like [[firewalking|walking on hot coals]] or [[Body piercing|piercing the body with metal rods]];<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nicholas |first1=Ralph W. |last2=Curley |first2=David L. |title=Rites of spring: Gā̄jan in village Bengal |date=2008 |publisher=Chronicle Books |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8180280351 |pages=4–5 |url=https://archive.org/details/ritesofspringgaj0000nich/mode/2up}}</ref> Charak refers to the practice of [[Suspension (body modification)|hook-swinging]] which generally is the last [[penance]] performed during the festival.

Gajan and Charak Puja is primarily practiced in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] and in [[Bangladesh]], but hook-swinging is traditionally practiced in other parts of India as well like [[Kavadi Aattam|kavadi]] in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Oddie |first1=Geoffrey A. |title=Popular religion, elites and reforms: hook-swinging and its prohibition in colonial India, 1800 - 1894 |date=1995 |publisher=Manohar |location=New Delhi |isbn=8173041016}}</ref>

The preparation usually starts a month in advance. The people responsible for the arrangement of the festival go from village to village to procure the necessary components like [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]], [[oil]], [[sugar]], [[salt]], [[honey]], [[money]] and other items needed for the ritual. At [[midnight]] of [[sankranti|Songkranti]], the worshippers gather to worship Shiva and Ma Durga for success. Afterwards a [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]], the [[Prasad (food offering)|prasad]] (Items blessed by the deity) are distributed.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iYoAAAAYAAJ |title=Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China and Australasia |date=1839 |publisher=Wm. H. Allen & Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.assamtribune.com/opinion/charak-puja-shivas-festival-of-pain-power-penitence-lives-on-in-mayong-1592851|title=Charak Puja: Shiva's festival of pain, power & penitence lives on in Mayong|first=The Assam|last=Tribune|date=September 28, 2025|website=epaper.assamtribune.com}}</ref>

[[File:Charak - Indian Museum, Kolkata R.13413.jpg|thumb|Charak Puja in an [[East India Company]] era painting, 19th century CE, at the [[Indian Museum]].]]
[[File:Charak festival.jpg|right|thumb|Charak festival in [[Kolkata]] in 1849]]

==Charak Puja in Bangladesh==
In Bangladesh, it frequently takes place in [[Moulvibazar District|Moulvibazar]], [[Thakurgaon District|Thakurgaon]] district, and [[Galachipa Upazila]] of the [[Patuakhali District]]. Goalkhali, Gabua, Haridebpur, Lalua, Lohalia, and other villages are well known for "Charak Puja".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dey |first=Subrata |date=14 April 2020 |title=Sacrifice for the hope |pages=5 |work=tbsnews.net |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/feature/sacrifice-hope-68983 |access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> Though the aristocracy and frequency of the festival is being deemed now, it is still being performed regularly by people with an uncommon amount of devotion. For them it's a part of their life. The Most popular festival "Charak Puja" is found at places like Dholar [[Haat bazaar|Haat]], Akcha, Gorea, Khochabari(Singia), Hothath para at Thakurgaon Sadar, same places of Tripura Dhalai District like Kamalpur and Kulai.

==Bagad and Sirimanu==
In Maharashtra Bagad (Marathi language: बगाड) in Andhra pradesh [[Sirimanothsavam|Sirimanu festival]] is a religious festive tradition, where a [[ceremonial pole]] from an [[tree worship|auspicious tree]] is venerated. In some villages, [[Yatra|jatra]]s in honour of local deities in [[Maharashtra]] & [[Andhra Pradesh]] are performed. Bagad is a similar concept to Charak Puja, [[Gajan (festival)]] or Indian parallel of Mexican [[Danza de los Voladores]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/opinion/article/the-hook-swinging-rituals-of-india-23618778|title=The hook-swinging rituals of India|date=March 1, 2026|website=Mid-day}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{section link|Banawadi|Banawadi Bagad}}
* [[Gajan (festival)]]
* [[Sirimanothsavam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.dailyjanakantha.com Janakantha] "by Shankar Lal Dash, 13 April 2008

{{Hindu festivals}}

[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in Bangladesh]]

Privy purse in India

2026-03-24T14:03:36Z

AngelesEller0: created the info w/ refs...

{{Short description|Government payments to the ruling families of former Princely States (1947–71)}}
{{for|the British Sovereign’s personal income|Privy Purse}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Princely States topics}}
In [[India]], a '''privy purse''' was a payment made to the ruling families of erstwhile [[princely states]] as part of their agreements to first integrate with India in 1947 after the independence of India, and later to [[Political integration of India|merge their states]] in 1949, thereby ending their ruling rights.

The privy purses continued to be paid to the royal families until the [[Twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India|26th Amendment]] in 1971, by which all their privileges and allowances from the central government ceased to exist, which was implemented after a two-year legal battle.<ref name="Twenty Sixth Amendment">{{cite web|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend26.htm |title=Twenty Sixth Amendment |publisher=Indiacode.nic.in |date=28 December 1971 |access-date=19 November 2011}}</ref>

In some individual cases, privy purses were continued for life for individuals who had held ruling powers before 1947; for instance, HH Maharani [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]]'s allowance was reinstated after a prolonged legal battle, and lasted until she died in 1985.

== History ==
When the British Crown [[Partition of India|partitioned]] [[British India]] and granted independence to the new [[Dominion]]s of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]], more than a third of the subcontinent was still covered by [[princely state]]s, with rulers whose position and status within the [[British Raj|Indian Empire]] had varied. In 1947, there were more than 560 such princely states in India, over which the [[the Crown|British Crown]] had [[suzerainty]], but not [[sovereignty]]. In 1947, [[princely state]]s, numbering 555, covered 48% area of pre-independent India and constituted 28% of its population.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/who-betrayed-sardar-patel/article5366083.ece|title=Who betrayed Sardar Patel?|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 November 2013|last1=Datar|first1=Arvind P.}}</ref> Relations with them were determined by [[subsidiary alliance]]s and other treaties, establishing [[indirect rule]]. A protocollary system of [[gun salute]]s also determined the ranking of about 120 major states, including the [[princely states of Pakistan]]; most, however, were minor/petty 'non-salute states'. By the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], the Crown abandoned its suzerainty, leaving the rulers of the states free to choose to [[Instrument of Accession|accede]] either to India or to Pakistan or to remain fully independent.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ishtiaq Ahmed |author-link=Ishtiaq Ahmed (political scientist) |title=State, Nation and Ethnicity in Contemporary South Asia |location=London & New York |year=1998 |page=99}}</ref> Most had been so dependent on the Government of India that they had little choice but accession. By the eve of independence, most of the princely states had signed instruments of accession to [[India]], and only one to [[Pakistan]]. Only a few states held out for complete independence after the British left India. Due to the diplomacy of [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] and [[V. P. Menon]], [[Travancore]], [[Bhopal State|Bhopal]] and [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]] signed the instruments of accession before 15 August 1947. After independence, many states vacillated, including [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]] and [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], which were integrated later.

The instruments of accession only required the states to cede defence, communications, and foreign relations to [[India]]. Democratic institutions were introduced in these states, and it was only in 1949 that they were fully merged with [[India]] to form new states. Thus, [[Travancore]], and [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] merged into India and formed the new state of [[Travancore-Cochin]]. Although the royal families had been allowed to retain large sums of money as their privy purse in 1947; in 1949, with the states and its revenues being entirely taken over by the [[Government of India]], it was the Indian Government that provided the rulers and their families with privy purses that were determined by several factors such as the state's revenue, whether the state had been ranked as a [[salute state]] under the [[British Raj]] or not, antiquity of the dynasty, and so on.<ref>{{cite book |title=Maharaja |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.202181 |author=Jarmani Dass}}</ref> Dewan Jarmani Dass of [[Kapurthala]] says:
{{cquote|Thus the rulers surrendered their sovereignty and as a quid pro quo they were granted handsome Privy Purses and other privileges.}}

As defined from 1949 under Article 291 of the Indian Constitution, a privy purse would be a fixed, tax-free sum guaranteed to the former princely rulers and their successors. The sum was intended to cover all expenses of the former ruling families, including those incurred for religious and other ceremonies, and would be charged on the [[Consolidated Fund of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Privy Purses to Rulers – Reduction Effected in Certain Cases|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_41/ACC%20NO%20823-BR/HOM-1961-10-31-4901.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India – Archive}}</ref> With India remaining a member of the [[sterling area]] post-independence, and with the Indian rupee remaining pegged to the British [[pound sterling]], the privy-purse payments constituted a significant outlay of government funds.

== Recipients and amounts ==
The privy purses were determined by several factors. Minor feudatories of the erstwhile princely states received whatever little allowances the princely governments had been providing them. For the 565 princely states, privy purses ranged from {{INR}} 5,000 per annum to amounts in millions. About 102 privy purses were of more than a {{INR}} 100,000 with an upper ceiling of {{INR}} 200,000 for all except 11 states. These eleven princely states in India were provided with privy purses of {{INR}} 1,000,000 and above (worth 8,898 oz of gold): [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]], [[Travancore]], [[Baroda State|Baroda]], [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]], [[Bhavnagar State]], [[Rewa district]], [[Bhopal]] and [[Kolhapur]]. While certain amounts were guaranteed for the time being, it was liable to be reduced soon after due to deflation crisis in 1960s. Thus, Hyderabad, which received initially a privy purse of {{INR}} 4,285,714, was, a few years later, guaranteed {{INR}} 2,000,000 purse. Other titular rulers of princely states, such as those of the [[Rampur State|Royal House of Rampur]], among others, received a privy purse as well.<ref name="Khan2022">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Tarana Husain |title=Degh to Dastarkhwan: Qissas and Recipes from Rampur Cuisine |date=17 October 2022 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5492-761-4 |language=en|quote=Ashiq khansama continued to work for Nawab Sayed Murtaza Ali Khan. The privy purse given to the Nawabs after the merger of Rampur into the Indian Union was barely enough to maintain the vast palaces and kitchens.}}</ref> The Government of India also, generally, reduced the allowances with every succession in the family.<ref>"Maharaja" by Jarmani Dass, page 424-435</ref>

== Abolition ==

A motion to abolish the privy purses, and the official recognition of the titles, was originally brought before the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] in 1970 and passed in the [[Lok Sabha]], but failed by one vote to reach the required two-thirds majority in the [[Rajya Sabha]], with 149 voting for and 75 against.<ref name="H. H. Maharajadhiraja Madhav Rao v Union of India on 15 December 1970">{{cite web|title=''H. H. Maharajadhiraja Madhav Rao vs Union of India'' on 15 December 1970 |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/660275/|publisher=Indian Kanoon|access-date=16 October 2012|page=See para 44|quote=The Bill was voted upon in the Lok Sabha on September 2, 1970. 332 votes for and 154 votes against it, were cast. It was considered in the Rajya Sabha, on September 5, 1970, and was defeated, 149 voting for and 75 against it. It failed in the Rajya Sabha to reach the requisite majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.}}</ref>

On 6 September 1970, the President of India passed a laconic order in respect of each of the rulers of former Indian states. In exercise of the power vested in him under Article 366(22) of the constitution, the President directed that with effect from the date of his order, all rulers ceased to be recognised as rulers. That resulted in the immediate termination of the privy purses received by the rulers, and the discontinuance of their personal privileges. Writ petitions under Article 32 of the constitution were filed by some of the rulers as test cases to question the orders. The Supreme Court ruled in favour of the rulers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/660275/|title=''H. H. Maharajadhiraja Madhav Rao ... vs Union of India'' on 15 December 1970|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2019-03-04}}</ref>

It was again proposed before [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] in 1971, and was successfully passed as the [[List of amendments of the Constitution of India|26th Amendment to the Constitution of India]] in 1971.<ref name="Twenty Sixth Amendment" /> The then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] argued for the abolition based on equal rights for all citizens and the need to reduce the government's revenue deficit.

The amendment effectively derecognized the existing titles:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/E13841971009161722/E-1384-1971-0091-61722_djvu.txt |title=The Constitution of India (26th Amendment) Act 1971 |work=The Gazette of India |date=29 December 1971}}</ref>
{{blockquote|the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler shall, on and from such commencement, cease to be recognised as such Ruler or the successor of such Ruler.}}

== Aftermath ==
The end of privy purse finally ended all the entitlements and special status of former rulers.

Many of the former royalty tried to protest against the abolition of the privy purses, primarily through campaigns to contest seats in the [[Lok Sabha]] elections of 1971. This included [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]], the last and former Nawab of [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], who contested from [[Gurgaon]]. Mansoor contested as a candidate for the [[Vishal Haryana Party]], but received barely 5% of the vote in a two-way contest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/10/14/stories/1314128g.htm|title=Cricketers in Politics|access-date=23 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609084807/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/10/14/stories/1314128g.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=usurped}}</ref> [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]] and her son, [[Madhav Rao Scindia]], however, won in the 1971 Lok Sabha polls.

Despite the attempts by the former royals to use the titles such as maharaja (king) or prince, etc. over the years, the courts in India have ''"repeatedly held that usage of royal titles violates the Constitution, specifically Articles 14, 18, and 363A, which guarantee equality, abolish titles, and end recognition of princely privileges."''<ref>[https://theprint.in/judiciary/no-maharaja-princess-in-court-orders-rajasthan-hc-what-constitution-says-about-royal-titles/2759459/ No ‘maharaja, princess’ in court, orders Rajasthan HC. What Constitution says about royal titles], The Print, Oct 2025.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Political integration of India]]
* [[Custodian for Enemy Property for India]], for the government takeover of property of rulers who migrated to Pakistan
* [[Enemy Property Act, 1968]], basis of Custodian for Enemy Property for India
* [[Central Waqf Council]], in India for Muslim properties
* [[Evacuee Trust Property Board]], in Pakistan for Hindu and Sikh properties

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080728193104/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/ Indian Princely States, on www.uq.net.au (as archived on web.archive.org), listing where known the historical privy purse in rupees]

[[Category:Political integration of India]]
[[Category:Indira Gandhi administration]]

List of University of Calcutta people

2026-03-22T02:46:28Z

AngelesEller0: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|None}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=March 2017}}
{{alumni|date=April 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

{{Dynamic list}}
This is a '''list of notable people connected to the [[University of Calcutta]]'''.

Fourteen [[Head of state|heads of state]] and [[Head of government|government]], and four Nobel laureates<ref group="note">[[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[C. V. Raman]], [[Amartya Sen]], and [[Abhijit Banerjee]].</ref> have been associated with the university.

==Fellows==
* [[Joseph Baly]], [[Archdeacon of Calcutta]], 1872–1883
* [[Lal Behari Dey]], [[Bengali people|Bengali]] Indian journalist who became a [[Christian missionary]]
* [[Ralph T. H. Griffith|Ralph Thomas Hotchkin Griffith]], British [[Indology|Indologist]]
* [[Thomas Holbein Hendley]], British medical officer in the [[Indian Medical Service]] and [[Indian art]] [[connoisseur]]
* [[Nawab Abdul Latif]], Bengali nineteenth-century educator
* [[James Wood-Mason]], British [[zoologist]], director of the [[Indian Museum]] in [[Calcutta]]

==Faculty==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Affiliation
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Abanindranath Tagore|Abandindranath Tagore]]
|Vice-principal of the [[Government College of Art & Craft|Government College of Art and Craft]], 1905–1915
|Artist, and one of the pioneers of the [[Bengal School of Art]]
|
|-
|[[Abdur Rahim (judge)|Abdur Rahim]]
|Tagore Professor of Law
|
|
|-
|[[Abdul Majed Khan]]
|Islamic history and culture
|Later taught at [[Victoria University of Wellington]]
|<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=A Majeed |date=17 June 2021 |title=Khan, Abdul Majed |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Khan,_Abdul_Majed |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=[[Banglapedia]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amitava Raychaudhuri]]
|Professor in [[Particle physics]] and [[Astroparticle physics]], 1980
|Winner of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
|
|-
|[[Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri]]
|[[Palit Professor of Physics]], 1953–1959
|
|
|-
|[[B. N. Mukherjee]]
|[[Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture]], 1975–1998
|Historian, [[numismatist]], [[epigraphist]] and [[Iconography|iconographist]]
|
|-
|[[Biswa Ranjan Nag]]
|
|Physicist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
|
|-
|[[Bhabatarak Bhattacharyya]]
|
|Structural biologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] laureate
|
|-
|[[C. V. Raman]]
|[[Palit Professor of Physics]], 1917–1932
|Winner of the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caluniv.ac.in/about/Nobel-Laureates.html|title=Department of Linguistics: About the Department|publisher=[[Calcutta University]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chinmoy Guha]]
|Professor of Department of English , 2008–2023
|[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] winner, [[Ordre des Palmes académiques]] winner
|
|-
|[[D. R. Bhandarkar]]
|[[Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture]], 1917–1936
|
|
|-
|[[Debendra Mohan Bose]]
|[[Palit Professor of Physics]], 1932–1938
|
|
|-
|[[Dineshchandra Sircar]]
|[[Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture]], 1962–1972
|[[Epigraphy|Epigraphist]], historian, [[Numismatist (specialist)|numismatist]] and [[Folklore studies|folklorist]]
|
|-
|[[Durga Mohan Bhattacharyya]]
|Professor of [[Sanskrit]] at the [[Scottish Church College]]
|Sanskrit scholar and [[Indology|Indologist]]
|
|-
|[[Nalinaksha Dutt]]
|Professor of [[Sanskrit]] and [[Pali]] and head of the Department of Pali
|Sanskrit, Pali, Buddhism
|<ref>{{cite web|author=[[Nirmal Chandra Sinha]]|title=Notes & Topics. In Memoriam Professor Nalinaksha Dutt|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_1977_03_notes.pdf|date=1977}} {{access-date|16 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[George Thibaut]]
|[[Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture]], 1912–1917
|[[Indology|Indologist]]
|
|-
|[[Harinath De]]
|
|Linguist, first lecturer of the Department of Linguistics, 1907<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caluniv.ac.in/academic/arts_linguistic.htm|title=Department of Linguistics: About the Department|publisher=[[Calcutta University]]|access-date=9 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506183141/http://www.caluniv.ac.in/academic/arts_linguistic.htm|archive-date=6 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Hari Vasudevan]]
|Professor of [[History of Europe]], 1978–2017
|Historian
|
|-
|[[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri]]
|[[Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture]], 1936–1952
|
|
|-
|[[Jagadish Chandra Bose]]
|Professor of physics at [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]]<ref name=":0" group="note">The [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]] (now known as Presidency University) was affiliated to the University of Calcutta between 1857 and 2010.</ref>
|
|
|-
|[[Kalidas Nag]]
|Professor of history at the [[Scottish Church College]]
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Khudiram Das]]
|Ramtanu Lahiri Professor of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and head of the Department of Modern Indian Languages, 1973–1981
|
|
|-
|[[Krishna Dhar]]
|Taught journalism
|Poet and journalist
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengali poet-journalist Krishna Dhar dead |url=http://www.uniindia.com/news/east/bengali-poet-journalist-krishna-dhar-dead/2841018.html |work=United News of India |date=13 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[Malcolm Adiseshiah]]
|Lecturer at [[St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College]], 1930–1936
|
|
|-
|[[Mahasweta Devi]]
|Lecturer at [[Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College]], 1964–1977
|[[English literature]]
|
|-
|[[Meghnad Saha]]
|[[Palit Professor of Physics]] 1938–1953
|
|
|-
|[[Mukul Dey]]
|Principal of the [[Government College of Art & Craft|Government College of Art and Craft]], 1928–1943
|Artist
|
|-
|[[Nrisingha Prasad Bhaduri]]
|Professor at [[Gurudas College]] of Department of Sanskrit 1975–2010
|Writer and [[Indologist]]
|
|-
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
|Professor of economics at [[City College, Kolkata|Calcutta City College]]
|1st [[president of India]]
|
|-
|-
|[[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|Ramtanu Lahiri Professor in 1932
|Winner of the 1913 [[Nobel Prize]] in Literature
||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caluniv.ac.in/academic/department/bengali.html|title=Department of Bengali Language & Literature: History|publisher=[[Calcutta University]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sadhan Basu]]
|Professor of Physical chemistry, 1965-1985
|Winner of [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]]
|
|-
|[[Subodh Sarkar]]
|Professor at [[City College, Kolkata]], 1984-2023
|[[English literature]]
|
|-
|[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
|Professor of Philosophy occupying the King George V Chair of Mental and Moral Science, 1921–1932
|2nd [[president of India]]
|
|-
|[[Satyendra Nath Bose]]
|Lecturer of Physics, 1916–1921
|Physicist known for his work in the field of [[quantum mechanics]]
|
|-
|[[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]]
|Khaira Professor of Indian Linguistics and Phonetics
|Linguist, educationist, and [[Padma Bhushan]] recipient
|
|-
|[[Surendranath Banerjee]]
|Professor at [[Vidyasagar College]] 1875-1908
|[[English literature]]
|
|-
|[[Upendranath Brahmachari]]
|Lecturer of medicine
|[[Knighthood|Knighted]] by the British government
|
|-
|[[Vishnu Kant Shastri]]
|Lecturer of Hindi
|[[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]
|
|}

==Alumni==

===Arts===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Abanindranath Tagore]]
|
|
|[[Government College of Art & Craft]]
|Artist
|
|-
|[[Abhishek Chatterjee]]
|
|
|[[Seth Anandram Jaipuria College]]
|Actor
|
|-
|-
|Anjan Chattopadhyay
|
|
|
|[[Sitar]]ist
|
|-
|[[Anup Ghoshal]]
|
|
|[[Asutosh College]]
|Playback singer
|
|-
|[[Abir Chatterjee]]
|1998
|
|[[Seth Anandram Jaipuria College]]
|Actor
|
|-
|[[Ananya Chatterjee]]
|
|
|[[Jogamaya Devi College]]
|Actress
|
|-
|[[Arjun Chakrabarty]]
|2008
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]]
|Actor, anchor
|
|-
|[[Badal Sircar]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]], [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur|Bengal Engineering College]]
|Dramatist
|
|-
|[[Basdeo Bissoondoyal]]
|
|
|
|Pioneering educator, fighter for the right to vote in [[British Mauritius]]
|
|-
|[[Biman Bihari Das]]
|
|
|[[Government College of Art & Craft]]
|Sculptor
|
|-
|[[Birendra Krishna Bhadra]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Playwright, actor, narrator and theatre director
|
|-
|[[Bhaswar Chatterjee]]
|1993
|
|[[Asutosh College]]
|Actor, writer, social activist
|
|-
|[[Bhupen Hazarika]]
|
|[[Intermediate of Arts|IA]]
|[[Cotton University|Cotton]]<ref name=":2" group="note">The [[Cotton University|Cotton College]] (now known as Cotton University) was affiliated to the University of Calcutta between 1901 and 1948.</ref>
|Playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet and film-maker
|
|-
|[[Bickram Ghosh]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]]
|Musician
|
|-
|[[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Film director
|
|-
|[[Bulbul Chowdhury]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Artist
|
|-
|[[Clarence Barlow]]
|
|
|
|Composer
|
|-
|[[Debaki Bose]]
|
|
|[[Vidyasagar College]]
|Film director
|
|-
|[[Debshankar Haldar]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Theatre Actor
|
|-
|[[Diptendu Pramanick]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|First Secretary of the Eastern India Motion Pictures Association; former secretary of [[Film Federation of India]] (1953–54)
|
|-
|[[Goutam Ghose]]
|
|
|
|[[Banga Bibhushan]] Award winner, film director
|
|-
|[[Jeet Gannguli]]
|
|
|
|Score composer, music director, singer
|
|-
|[[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]]
|
|
|[[Bhawanipur Education Society College]]
|Indian actor
|
|-
|[[Jisshu Sengupta]]
|
|
|[[Heramba Chandra College]]
|Indian actor
|
|-
|[[Kumar Sanu]]
|
|
|
|Singer
|
|-
|[[Koel Mallick]]
|2000
|
|[[Gokhale Memorial Girls' College]]
|Actress
|
|-
|[[Madhav Sharma]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Comedian and actor based in the UK
|
|-
|[[Manna Dey]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]], [[Vidyasagar College]]
|Singer
|
|-
|[[Manoj Mitra]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Actor, director and playwright
|
|-
|[[Mithun Chakraborty]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Actor
|
|-
|[[Mrinal Sen]]
|1941
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|[[Padma Bhushan]] winner, film director
|
|-
|[[Nandalal Bose]]
|
|
|[[Government College of Art & Craft]]
|Artist
|
|-
|[[P. C. Sorcar, Jr.]]
|
|
|
|Magician
|
|-
|[[Pankaj Mullick]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Music director and composer
|
|-
|[[Prabhat Roy]]
|
|
|[[Maharaja Manindra Chandra College]]
|[[Film director]]
|
|-
|[[Pritam]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|[[Music director]]
|
|-
|[[Rabi Ghosh]]
|
|
|[[Asutosh College]]
|Actor
|
|-
|[[Rituparna Sengupta]]
|
|
|[[Lady Brabourne College]]
|Actress
|
|-
|[[Raima Sen]]
|1997
|
|[[Rani Birla Girls' College]]
|Actress
|
|-
|[[Rajatava Dutta]]
|
|
|[[Netaji Nagar Day College]]
|Actor
|
|-
|[[Rudraprasad Sengupta]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Director of [[Nandikar]] theatre group
|
|-
|[[Rupam Islam]]
|
|
|[[Asutosh College]]
|Indian singer, [[songwriter]], [[music composer]], and [[writer]]
|
|-
|[[Sachin Dev Burman]]
|
|
|[[Comilla Victoria Government College]]
|Singer
|
|-
|[[Salil Chowdhury]]
|
|
|[[Bangabasi College]]
|Singer, music director, lyricist
|
|-
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|
|BA
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|[[Academy Award|Oscar]]-winning film director
|
|-
|[[Somnath Hore]]
|
|
|[[Government College of Art & Craft]]
|Artist
|
|-
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]]
|
|Bachelor of Arts
|[[City College, Kolkata|City College]]
|Actor
|
|-
|[[Sohini Sarkar]]
|
|
|
|Actress
|
|-
|[[Suchitra Mitra]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Singer
|
|-
|[[Srijit Mukherji]]
|
|B.Com
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, lyricist, playwriter, theater artist
|
|-
|[[Sunil Das]]
|1959
|
|[[Government College of Art & Craft]]
|Artist
|
|-
|[[Tarun Majumdar]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|[[Padma Shri]] Award winner, film director
|
|-
|[[Tripti Mitra]]
|
|
|[[Asutosh College]]
|[[Padma Shri]] winner, Indian actress and theatre personality
|
|-
|[[Uttam Kumar]]
|
|
|[[Goenka College of Commerce and Business Administration]]
|Actor, director, producer, composer, singer
|
|-
|[[Utpal Dutt]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]]
|Actor
|
|}

=== Business ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Harsh Goenka]]
|
|
|
|Chairman, [[RPG Group]]
|
|-
|[[Jagmohan Dalmiya]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Chairman of M.L.Dalmiya and Co.
|
|-
|[[Lakshmi Niwas Mittal]]
|
|BCom
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Billionaire, steel tycoon, entrepreneur
|
|-
|[[Mani Lal Bhaumik]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Inventor of the Excimer Laser
|
|-
|[[Prafulla Chandra Roy]]
|
|
|
|founder of Bengal Chemicals
|
|-
|[[Rama Prasad Goenka]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Chairman, [[RPG Group]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/%E2%80%98If-I%E2%80%99m-not-Bengali-who-is%E2%80%99/article20602283.ece|title='If I'm not Bengali, who is?'|last=Sanyal|first=Santanu|website=@businessline|date=14 April 2013 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sanjiv Goenka]]
|
|
|
|Chairman, [[RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group]]
|
|-
|Vinay Maloo
|
|
|
|Chairman of Enso Group
|
|-
|[[Dilip Shanghvi]]
|
|
|[[Bhawanipur Education Society College|Bhawanipur Education Society]]
|Billionaire businessman, founder of [[Sun Pharmaceuticals]]
|
|}

=== Humanities and social sciences ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Abhijit Banerjee]]
|1981
|B.Sc. (Economics)
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Winner of the 2019 [[Nobel Prize]] in Economics
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/who-is-abhijit-banerjee-indian-origin-economist-who-has-won-nobel-prize/story/384603.html|title=Who is Abhijit Banerjee? Indian-origin economist who has won Nobel Prize|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=14 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/abhjit-banerjee-presidency-kolkata-nobel-prize-1609305-2019-10-14|title=Abhjit Banerjee becomes second Presidency Kolkata alumni to win Nobel prize|newspaper=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-10-15|agency=Ist}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amartya Sen]]
|
|BA (Economics)
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Winner of the 1998 [[Nobel Prize]] in Economics
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1998/sen/biographical/|title=Amartya Sen - Biographical|website=The Nobel Prize|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521210949/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1998/sen/biographical/|archive-date=2019-05-21|url-status=live|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Bashabi Fraser]]
|
|BA (English Literature)
|[[Lady Brabourne College]]
|Indian-born Scottish academic, editor, translator, and writer; professor emerita of English and Creative Writing at [[Edinburgh Napier University]]; honorary fellow at the [[Centre for South Asian Studies]], [[University of Edinburgh]]; appointed [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] in 2021
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Professor Bashabi Fraser appointed CBE in New Year Honours |url=https://www.edinburghnapier.ac.uk/about-us/news/professor-bashabi-fraser-cbe |work=Edinburgh Napier University |date=31 December 2020 |access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India-born Scottish poet Bashabi Fraser conferred CBE |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/india-born-scottish-poet-bashabi-fraser-conferred-cbe/articleshow/80055436.cms |work=The Times of India |date=31 December 2020 |access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bashabi Fraser |url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/bashabi-fraser |website=British Council Literature |access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Benoy Kumar Sarkar]]
|1905
|
|
|Economist
|
|-
|[[Dwijendra Narayan Jha|D. N. Jha]]
|
|BA (History)
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Professor of history, [[University of Delhi|Delhi University]]
|
|-
|[[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]]
|1959
|BA (English)
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Philosopher, literary theorist
|
|-
|[[Khudiram Das]]
|
|MA (Bengali)
|
|Linguist
|
|-
|[[Nirad C. Chaudhuri]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Historian and commentator on culture
|
|-
|[[R. D. Banerji]]
|1907; 1911
|BA; MA
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Discoverer of Mohenjodaro, the principal site of the Harappa culture
|
|-
|[[Rajat Kanta Ray]]
|
|BA (History)
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Historian
|
|-
|[[Ramaprasad Chanda]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Historian, anthropologist and archaeologist
|
|-
|[[Samita Sen]]
|
|BA; MA
|
|Historian
|
|-
|[[Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri]]
|
|
|
|Political scientist; fellow of the [[University of London]]
|
|-
|[[Shomie Das]]
|
|
|
|Former headmaster of [[Mayo College]] and [[The Doon School]]
|
|-
|[[Sumit Sarkar]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Professor of history, [[University of Delhi|Delhi University]]
|
|-
|[[Suniti Kumar Chatterjee]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Linguist
|
|-
|[[Surajit Chandra Sinha]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Anthropologist
|
|-
|[[Susobhan Sarkar]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Professor and head of Department of History, Presidency College, Calcutta
|
|-
|[[Tapan Raychaudhuri]]
|
|BA (History); DPhil (History)
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Professor of Indian History and Civilisation, [[University of Oxford]]
|
|}

===Law===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Abdur Rahim (judge)|Abdur Rahim]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|British Indian judge
|
|-
|[[Ajit Nath Ray]]
|
|
||[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|14th [[chief justice of India]]
|
|-
|[[Altamas Kabir]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|39th [[chief justice of India]]
|
|-
|[[Amal Kumar Sarkar]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]];[[Bangabasi College|Bangabasi]]; University Law College
|8th [[chief justice of India]]
|
|-
|[[Amarendra Nath Sen]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]; University Law College
|Chief justice of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Amin Ahmed (jurist, born 1899)|Amin Ahmed]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Chief justice of the [[High Court Division|Dacca High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Aniruddha Bose]]
|
|BCom; LLB
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]; [[Surendranath Law College|Surendranath Law]]
|Chief justice of [[Jharkhand High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Ashok Kumar Mathur]]
|1968
|
|
|Chief justice of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Ashutosh Mukherjee]]
|1883; 1885
|BA; MA
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Bhaskar Bhattacharya]]
|
|
|[[Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri Law College|Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri]]
|Chief justice of [[High Court of Gujarat|Gujarat High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Bijan Kumar Mukherjea]]
|
|
|[[Surendranath Law College|Surendranath Law]]
|4th [[chief justice of India]]
|
|-
|[[Chittatosh Mookerjee]]
|
|
|
|Chief justice of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Debasish Kar Gupta]]
|1976; 1980
|BCom; LLB
|
|Chief justice of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Debi Prasad Pal]]
|
|
|
|Judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Fazal Akbar]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|6th [[chief justice of Pakistan]]
|
|-
|[[Gooroodas Banerjee]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College]]
|Judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Hamoodur Rahman]]
|
|BA
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|7th [[chief justice of Pakistan]]
|
|-
|[[Hara Chandra Ghosh]]
|
|
|
|First Bengali judge of the Small Causes Court in Calcutta
|
|-
|[[Jyotirmay Bhattacharya]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Kulada Charan Das Gupta]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Chief justice of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Manmatha Nath Mukherjee]]
|
|
|[[Surendranath Law College|Surendranath Law]]
|Judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Monomohun Ghose]]
|
|
|
|First practising Indian barrister of the Calcutta High Court
|
|-
|[[Mukul Gopal Mukherjee]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]; University Law College
|Chief justice of the [[Rajasthan High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Pannalal Bose]]
|
|
|
|Jurist
|
|-
|[[Radha Binod Pal]]
|
|
|
|Judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|
|-
|[[Sabyasachi Mukharji|Sabyasachi Mukherjee]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|20th [[chief justice of India]]
|
|-
|[[Sarat Kumar Ghosh]]
|
|
|
|Chief justice of [[Jaipur State]]
|
|-
|[[Sudhi Ranjan Das]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]];[[Bangabasi College|Bangabasi]]
|5th [[chief justice of India]]
|
|-
|[[Umesh Chandra Banerjee]]
|1961
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
|
|}

===Literature===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Afsar Amed]]
|
|
|
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Abul Bashar]]
|
|B.com
|
|Novelist
|
|-
|[[Bani Basu]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]
|Writer, poet and journalist
|
|-
|[[Barun Sengupta]]
|
|
|[[City College, Kolkata|City]]
|Journalist
|
|-
|[[Benjamin Walker (author)|Benjamin Walker]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Bharati Mukherjee]]
|1958
|
|[[Loreto College, Kolkata|Loreto]]
|
|
|-
|[[Bimal Mitra]]
|
|
|
|Novelist
|
|-
|[[Bimal Kar]]
|
|
|
|Novelist
|
|-
|[[Binoy Majumdar]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]
|Poet
|
|-
|[[Buddhadeb Guha]]
|1954
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Popular Bengali fiction writer and poet
|
|-
|[[Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni]]
|
|
|
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Dibyendu Palit]]
|
|
|
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Farrukh Ahmed]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Poet
|
|-
|[[Acharya Kuber Nath Rai|Kuber Nath Rai]]
|
|
|
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Leela Majumdar]]
|
|
|
|Fiction writer
|
|-
|[[Manik Bandopadhyay]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]]
|Fiction writer
|
|-
|[[Mahasweta Devi]]
|
|I.A., M.A.
|[[Ashutosh College|Ashutosh]]
|Fiction writer and socio-political activist
|
|-
|[[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]
|Poet
|
|-
|[[Muhammad Shahidullah]]
|
|
|[[City College, Kolkata]]
| Bengali linguist, philologist, and writer.
|
|-
|[[Nabarun Bhattacharya]]
|
|
|
|Writer
|<ref name="who">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&q=Nabarun+Bhattacharya&pg=PA164|title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|editor=Kartik Chandra Dutt |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1999|isbn=978-81-260-0873-5|page=164}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nabinchandra Sen]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Poet and writer
|
|-
|[[Parvati Prasad Baruwa]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Litterateur
|
|-
|[[Premendra Mitra]]
|1925
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Novelist
|
|-
|[[Purnendu Pattrea]]
|
|
|
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Rajshekhar Basu]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Ramananda Chatterjee]]
|
|
|[[City College, Kolkata|City]]
|Journalist; founder, editor, and owner of the ''[[Modern Review (Calcutta)|Modern Review]]''
|
|-
|[[Samaresh Majumdar]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Sanjeev Chattopadhyay]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Journalist
|
|-
|[[Sanjeev Chattopadhyay|Sanjib Chattopadhyay]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Novelist
|
|-
|[[Sasthi Brata]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]]
|
|
|[[Vidyasagar College]]
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Satyendranath Dutta]]
|did not graduate
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Poet and writer
|
|-
|[[Shankha Ghosh]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]
|Eminent poet
|
|-
|[[Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay]]
|1953
|
|
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet)|Subhash Mukhopadhyay]]
|1941
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Sudhindranath Dutta]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Author and poet
|
|-
|[[Suchitra Bhattacharya]]
|1968
|
|[[Jogamaya Devi College]]
|Novelist and children's fiction writer
|
|-
|[[Sunil Gangopadhyay]]
|
|
|[[Surendranath College|Surendranath]];[[Dum Dum Motijheel College|Motijheel]];[[City College, Kolkata|City]]
|Novelist, poet and children's fiction writer
|
|-
|[[Syed Mustafa Siraj]]
|1948
|
|
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Tarashankar Bandopadhyay]]
|
|
|[[Asutosh College|Asutosh]]
|Novelist, [[Padma Bhushan]] recipient
|
|-
|[[Utpal K. Banerjee]]
|1955
|
|
|Writer
|
|-
|[[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]]
|
|
|[[Vidyasagar College]]
|Writer
|
|}

===Military===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Adhar Kumar Chatterji]]
|1933
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|
|
|-
|[[Subroto Mukherjee]]
|
|
|
|[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of Air Staff]] of the [[Indian Air Force]]
|
|}

===Politics===

==== Heads of state and government ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|6th [[president of Bangladesh]]
|
|-
|[[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]
|1940; 1942
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|2nd [[president of Bangladesh]]
|
|-
|[[Abdus Sattar (president)|Abdus Sattar]]
|
|
|
|8th [[president of Bangladesh]]
|
|-
|[[Ba Maw]]
|1924
|
|
|Head of state and prime minister of the [[State of Burma]]
|
|-
|[[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
|1913
|B. Sc.; MA
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|former [[prime minister of Pakistan]]
|
|-
|[[Khaleda Zia]]
|
|
|[[Surendranath College|Surendranath]]
|9th [[prime minister of Bangladesh]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Khaleda-Zia|title=Khaleda Zia {{!}} Biography & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|1948
|LLB
|[[Surendranath Law College|Ripon]]
|3rd [[president of Bangladesh]]
|
|-
|[[Muhammad Ali of Bogra]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|former [[prime minister of Pakistan]]
|
|-
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
|
|
|[[Suri Vidyasagar College|Suri Vidyasagar]]<ref name=":1" group="note">The [[Suri Vidyasagar College]] was affiliated to the University of Calcutta between 1942 and 1960.</ref>
|13th [[president of India]]
|
|-
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
|1905; 1907
|BA; MA
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|1st [[president of India]]
|
|-
|[[Ram Baran Yadav]]
|
|
|[[Kolkata Medical College|Calcutta Medical College]]
|1st [[president of Nepal]]
|
|-
|[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
|1944; 1947
|
|[[Maulana Azad College|Islamia]]
|2nd [[prime minister of Bangladesh]]
|
|-
|[[Tulsi Giri]]
|
|
|[[Suri Vidyasagar College|Suri Vidyasagar]]<ref name=":1" group="note" />
|[[Prime minister of Nepal]]
|
|}

==== Others ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
|1894; 1896; 1897
|LLB
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]];<ref name=":0" group="note" /> Faculty of Law
|Former [[Interior Minister of Pakistan|Home Minister of Pakistan]]
|
|-
|[[Abdullah al Mahmood]]
|1920
|BL and MA in [[Arabic]]
|
|Former Pakistani Minister of Industries
|
|-
|[[Ajit Kumar Panja]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|
|
|-
|[[Arundhati Bhattacharya]]
|
|BA (English Literature)
|[[Lady Brabourne College]]
|Chairperson and CEO of Salesforce India; first woman to be Chairperson of [[State Bank of India]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Arundhati Bhattacharya appointed chairperson and CEO of Salesforce India |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/arundhati-bhattacharya-appointed-as-chairperson-and-ceo-of-salesforce-india-11586022118016.html |work=Mint |date=9 April 2020 |access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ajoy Mukherjee]]
|
|
|
|Former Chief Minister, West Bengal
|
|-
|[[A K Bera|Amar Kumar Bera]]
|
|M.A. (Economics)
|
|Principal CGM, [[Reserve Bank of India]]
|
|-
|[[Amir H. Jamal]]
|
|B. Com.
|
|Former Tanzanian MP and [[Minister of Finance (Tanzania)|Minister of Finance]]
|
|-
|[[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]]
|
|
|
|First Finance Minister of Bihar
|
|-
|[[Ashok Mitra]]
|
|
|
|Former [[Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India]]
|
|-
|[[Ashoke Kumar Sen]]
|
|
|
|Former [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|minister of law and justice]]
|
|-
|[[Bagha Jatin]]
|
|
|Calcutta Central College, now [[Khudiram Bose Central College]]
|[[Freedom fighter]] and the principal leader of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar party]]
|
|-
|[[Banwari Lal Joshi]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Former governor of Meghalaya
|
|-
|[[Basudeb Acharia]]
|
|
|
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|-
|[[Bhawani Sankar Biswas]]
|
|
|
|Provincial minister and member of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly]]
|
|-
|[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
|
|
|[[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Calcutta Medical College]]<ref name=":3" group="note" />
|Former [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal|chief minister of West Bengal]]
|
|-
|[[B.K. Handique|Bijoy Kumar Handique]]
|
|MA
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Biman Bose]]
|
|
|[[Maulana Azad College|Maulana Azad]]
|Chairman of the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] in [[West Bengal]]
|
|-
|[[Bhupendra Nath Bose]]
|
|
|
|29th [[List of Presidents of the Indian National Congress|president of the Indian National Congress]]
|
|-
|[[Brinda Karat]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Brington Buhai Lyngdoh]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Former [[List of chief ministers of Meghalaya|chief minister of Meghalaya]]
|
|-
|[[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]
|
|BA
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Former Chief Minister of West Bengal
|
|-
|[[Derek O'Brien (quizmaster)|Derek O'Brien]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Dewan Abdul Basith]]
|
|
|
|Provincial Minister of [[East Pakistan]]
|
|-
|[[Fatima Jinnah]]
|
|
|
|Opposition leader of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
|
|-
|[[George Gilbert Swell]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Gopinath Bordoloi]]
|1909; 1911; 1914
|[[Intermediate of Arts|IA]]; BA; MA
|[[Cotton University|Cotton]];<ref name=":2" group="note" /> [[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Former [[List of Chief Ministers of Assam|chief minister of Assam]]
|
|-
|[[Gyan Singh Sohanpal]]
|
|
|Midnapore<ref group="note">The [[Midnapore College]] was affiliated to the University of Calcutta between 1873 and 1985.</ref>
|
|
|-
|[[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]
|
|
|
|Former [[governor of West Bengal]]
|
|-
|[[Humayun Kabir (Bengal politician)|Humayun Kabir]]
|
|
|
|Former [[Ministry of Human Resource Development|minister of education]]
|
|-
|[[Jagjivan Ram]]
|1931
|BSc
|
|Former [[deputy prime minister of India]]
|
|-
|[[Jharna Das]]
|
|
|
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Jyoti Basu]]
|
|
|
|Former [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal|chief minister of West Bengal]]
|
|-
|[[K. S. Hegde]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Former [[speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
|
|-
|[[M. J. Akbar]]
|
|
|
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Madan Mohan Malaviya]]
|
|B.A.
|
|Former [[president of the Indian National Congress]]
|
|-
|[[Mamata Banerjee]]
|
|
|
|[[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]]
|
|-
|[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Former [[vice president of India]]
|
|-
|[[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]
|
|
|[[Maulana Azad College|Maulana Azad]]
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Osman Ghani Khan]]
|1943, 1945
|BA, MA (Economics)
|
|Former [[Comptroller and Auditor General of Bangladesh|C&AG of Bangladesh]] and chairman of the United Nations Board of Auditors
|
|-
|[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]
|
|BSc
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Former [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal|chief minister of West Bengal]]
|
|-
|[[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]]
|
|
|
|Former [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|minister of information and broadcasting]]
|
|-
|[[Romesh Chunder Dutt]]
|
|
|
|16th [[List of Presidents of the Indian National Congress|president of the Indian National Congress]]
|
|-
|[[Ronen Sen]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Former [[ambassador of India to the United States]]
|
|-
|[[Sarat Chandra Bose]]
|
|
|
|[[Freedom fighters of India|Indian independence activist]] and lawyer
|
|-
|[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]
|
|
|
|Former [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|chief minister of West Bengal]]
|
|-
|[[Somnath Chatterjee]]
|
|
|
|[[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
|
|-
|[[Subhas Chandra Bose]]
|1918
|BA (Philosophy)
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|53rd [[List of Presidents of the Indian National Congress|president of the Indian National Congress]]; founder of the [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]]
|
|-
|[[Subrata Mukherjee]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Sultan Ahmed (Indian politician)|Sultan Ahmed]]
|
|
|[[Maulana Azad College|Maulana Azad]]
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Susmita Bauri]]
|
|
|
|[[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
|
|-
|[[Surendranath Banerjee]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|11th [[List of Presidents of the Indian National Congress|president of the Indian National Congress]]
|
|-
|[[Syama Prasad Mookerjee]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[T. Ali]]
|1933
|LLB
|
|Federal and provincial minister of Pakistan
|
|-
|[[Tarak Nath Das]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Revolutionary
|
|}

==== Civil servants and diplomats ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Binay Ranjan Sen]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Former [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|ambassador of India to the United States]]
|
|-
|[[Sir Azizul Haque|Azizul Haque]]
|
|
|
|Former Speaker of the Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937–42); Minister of Education (Government of Bengal); former vice-chancellor of Calcutta University (1938–42); High Commissioner for India to London (1942–43)
|
|-
|[[Arundhati Ghose]]
|
|
|[[Lady Brabourne College]]
|Indian diplomat; Permanent Representative of India to the UN Offices in Geneva; head of Indian delegation to the [[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty|CTBT]] negotiations (1996); former Ambassador to South Korea and Egypt
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Arundhati Ghose, India’s fiery voice at UN, passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arundhati-ghose-indias-fiery-voice-at-un-passes-away/article8819353.ece |work=The Hindu |date=26 July 2016 |access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arundhati Ghose, India’s voice at UN and CTBT talks, passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/arundhati-ghose-indias-voice-at-un-and-ctbt-talks-passes-away-2938361/ |work=The Indian Express |date=26 July 2016 |access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Brajendranath De]]
|
|
|
|ICS, Commissioner of Burdwan
|
|-
|[[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]]
|
|
|
|India's ambassador to Nepal, Japan, governor of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh
|
|-
|[[Gurusaday Dutt]]
|
|
|
|ICS, Local Self Government and Public Health Secretary of Bengal
|
|-
|[[Nitish Sengupta]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[P.C. Bhattacharya]]
|
|
|
|[[Controller General of Defence Accounts]]
|
|-
|[[Satyendranath Tagore]]
|
|
|
|Revenue Secretary of India
|
|-
|[[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]]
|
|
|
|Ambassador of Pakistan to Morocco
|
|-
|Sib Chandra Deb
|
|
|
|Deputy collector in Bengal
|
|-
|[[Sukumar Sen (civil servant)|Sukumar Sen]]
|
|
|
|ICS, Chief Election Commissioner of India
|
|}

=== Royalty and nobility ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Nripendra Narayan]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Maharaja of [[Cooch Behar State]]
|
|-
|[[Uday Chand Mahtab]]
|
|
|
|Zamindar of [[Burdwan]]
|
|}

=== Religion ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[A. B. Masilamani]]
|
|
|[[Serampore College|Serampore]]
|Evangelist and theologian, Canadian Baptist Mission
|
|-
|[[A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Founder of the [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]] (ISKCON)
|
|-
|[[Gyanendra Nath Chakravarti]]
|
|[[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]], [[Master of Arts|M.A.]]
|[[Muir Central College]]
|Indian theosophist and scholar
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 1893 |title=Brahmins on Brahminism: Gyanendra Nath Chakravarti and His Address. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1893/09/04/archives/brahmins-on-brahminism-gyanendra-nath-chakravarti-and-his.html |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>
|-
|[[Durga Mohan Das]]
|
|
|
|Leader of the Brahmo Samaj
|
|-
|[[Lal Behari Dey]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Theologian of the Free Church of Scotland
|
|-
|[[Mahendranath Gupta]]
|1874
|BA
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Author of ''Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita'' (''[[The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna]]'')
|
|-
|[[Paramahansa Yogananda]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]; [[Serampore College|Serampore]]
|Hindu mystic; yogi; leading proponent of Kriya Yoga in the West
|
|-
|[[Sitanath Tattwabhushan]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Theologian of Sadharan Brahmo Samaj
|
|-
|[[Swami Gambhirananda]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Former president of the Ramakrishna Mission Order
|
|-
|[[Swami Vivekananda]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Founder of the Ramakrishna Mission Order
|
|}

===Science and technology===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Amar Nath Bhaduri]]
|
|
|
|Enzymologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
|<ref>{{cite journal|author=Samir Bhattacharya|date=10 September 2003|title=Amar Nath Bhaduri – Obituary|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sep102003/677.pdf|journal=Current Science|volume=85|issue=5}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amitabha Bhattacharyya]]
|
|
|
|Production engineer, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N79-0091|title=Indian fellow|date=2017-10-22|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Amitabha Mukhopadhyay]]
|
|
|
|Cell biologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nii.res.in/research/amitabha-mukhopadhyay|title=Faculty Profile – Mukhopadhyay|date=2017-11-25|website=National Institute of Immunology, India|access-date=2017-11-25}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anil Kumar Gain]]
|
|
|[[Surendranath College|Surendranath]]
|Mathematician and statistician; founder of [[Vidyasagar University]]
|
|-
|[[Anil Kumar Mandal]]
|1981
|[[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]]
|[[Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital]]<ref group="note">The [[Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital]] was affiliated to the University of Calcutta between 1873 and 2003.</ref>
|Ophthalmologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/RnDNewsLetters/csirnews2k4/csirnews_30apr04.asp|title=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize‑winner Dr Anil Kumar Mandal's Work|date=2017|publisher=National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ashesh Prosad Mitra]]
|
|
|[[Bangabasi College|Bangabasi]]
|Former director of [[CSIR India|CSIR]]
|
|-
|[[Benoy Krishna Tikader]]
|
|[[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]]; [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc]]
|
|Arachnologist
|-
|[[Biman Bagchi]]
|1974; 1976
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Theoretical physicist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bagchi|first=Biman|year=2015|title=Autobiography of Biman Bagchi|journal=J. Phys. Chem. B|volume=119|issue=34|pages=10813–10816|doi=10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06114|pmid=26310133|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Birendra Nath Mallick]]
|1978; 1981
|[[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc]]
|
|Neurobiologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/P05-1392|title=Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Laboratory|date=2017|publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University}}</ref>
|-
|[[Biraja Sankar Guha]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|First director of the [[Anthropological Survey of India]]
|
|-
|[[Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya]]
|
|[[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]]
|
|Theoretical high energy physicist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hbni.ac.in/faculty/HRI/hrial_phys_mukhopadhyaya_biswarup.htm|title=Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya on HBNI|date=2017-10-22|website=Homi Bhabha National Institute|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[C. R. Rao]]
|1943
|MA in Statistics
|
|Statistician
|
|-
|[[Chinmoy Sankar Dey]]
|
|
|
|Molecular biologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bioschool.iitd.ac.in/CSD.html|title=Faculty Profile B|date=2017|publisher=Bioschool, IIT Delhi}}</ref>
|-
|[[Deb Shankar Ray]]
|
|
|
|Physical chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Ray,_Prof._Deb_Shankar|title=Fellow profile|date=2016|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Dipak K. Das]]
|
|
|
|Professor of surgery, now under investigation for fraudulent publications
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catalog.grad.uconn.edu/gradfaculty-p3.html|title=Graduate Catalog: Grad Faculty|publisher=University of Connecticut|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709112421/http://catalog.grad.uconn.edu/gradfaculty-p3.html|archive-date=July 9, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ganesh Prasad]]
|
|
|
|Mathematician
|
|-
|[[Jagadish Chandra Bose]]
|
|
|
|Physicist, botanist
|
|-
|[[Jamal Nazrul Islam]]
|
|B.Sc.
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]]
|Physicist, mathematician, cosmologist, astronomer
|
|-
|[[Joyoti Basu]]
|
|
|
|Cell biologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/P09-1475|title=Indian fellow – Joyoti Basu|date=2017-12-06|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2017-12-06}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jyoti Bhusan Chatterjea]]
|
|
|
|Hematologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
|<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/bloodjournal/39/6/890.full.pdf?sso-checked=true|title=Biography-Jyoti Bhusan Chatterjea|date=2017|issue=6|pages=890–891|journal=Blood|volume=39|doi=10.1182/blood.V39.6.890.890|access-date=2017-11-16}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kshitindramohan Naha]], geologist and Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geosocindia.org/index.php/jgsi/article/download/69881/54911|title=K. Naha (1932-1996)|date=2016|publisher=Geological Society of India}}</ref>
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|
|
|-
|[[Mani Lal Bhaumik]]
|
|[[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc]]; [[Master of Science|M.Sc]] in Physics
|[[Scottish Church College]]; [[University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture|Rajabazar Science College]]
|Physicist
|
|-
|[[Megh Nad Saha]]
|
|
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Physicist
|
|-
|[[Mihir Chowdhury]]
|1955; 1957
|
|
|Physical chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chemistry.iitkgp.ac.in/~mintu/academic/resume.php|title=Curriculum Vitae|date=2016|publisher=IIT Kanpur|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Mihir Kumar Bose]]
|1965
|B.Sc.; M.Sc.; Ph.D.
|
|Geologist and Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N80-0117|title=Deceased fellow|date=2016|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Nirmal Kumar Dutta]]
|
|MBBS
|[[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Calcutta Medical College]]<ref name=":3" group="note" />
|Pharmacologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N63-0231|title=Deceased fellow – NK Dutta|date=2017-11-16|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2017-11-16}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Nirmal Kumar Ganguly]]
|
|
|[[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital]]<ref name=":4" group="note" />
|Microbiologist
|
|-
|[[Prafulla Chandra Ray]]
|
|
|[[Vidyasagar College]]
|Chemist, industrialist and philanthropist
|
|-
|[[P. V. Manoranjan Rao]]
|
|
|
|Physicist, space scientist
|
|-
|[[Pradyut Ghosh]]
|1990; 1992
|
|
|Inorganic chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mailweb.iacs.res.in/inorg/icpg/|title=Faculty profile|date=2016|publisher=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis]]
|
|
|
|Founder of the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta
|
|-
|[[Radhanath Sikdar]]
|
|[[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] in [[mathematics]]
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]]
|Mathematician best known for calculating the height of [[Mount Everest]]
|
|-
|[[S. C. Dutta Roy]]
|
|[[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]]
|[[University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture|Rajabazar Science College]]
|Electrical engineer, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N83-0234|title=Indian fellow|date=2016|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Sadhan Basu]]
|1942; 1944; 1948
|[[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc]]; [[Master of Science|M.Sc]]; [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]]
|[[University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture|Rajabazar Science College]]
|Physical chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caluniv.ac.in/academic/department/Chemistry.html|title=History|date=2016|publisher=University of Calcutta|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Sagar Sengupta]]
|
|
|
|Cancer biologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nii.res.in/research/sagar-sengupta|title=Sagar Sengupta on NII|date=2018-01-27|website=www.nii.res.in|access-date=2018-01-27}}</ref>
|
|-
|-
|[[Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay]]
|1985-1991
|PhD
|Presidency College, Calcutta University
|Computer scientist, first female director of Indian Statistical Institute, Padma Shri, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate in Engineering Science, 2010, TWAS Prize for Engineering Sciences, 2018,<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of 2018 TWAS Prizes announced|url=https://twas.org/node/12485|website=The World Academy of Sciences|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> Infosys Prize 2017 in Engineering and Computer Science<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.infosys-science-foundation.com/prize/laureates/2017/sanghamitra-bandyopadhyay.asp|title=Infosys Prize 2017 laureates}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Sanjeev Das]]
|
|
|
|Cancer biologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcb.res.in/deepak|title=Biographical Information – Sanjeev Das|date=2017-11-09|website=Regional Centre for Biotechnology|access-date=2017-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105234310/http://rcb.res.in/deepak|archive-date=5 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Santasabuj Das]]
|
|
|
|Immunologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.niced.org.in/scientists/NICEDScientists/SantasabujDas.htm|title=NICED : Scientist : Dr. Santasabuj Das|date=2018-01-28|website=www.niced.org.in|language=en|access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref>
|-
|[[Satyendra Nath Bose]]
|1913; 1915
|BSc; MSc
|
|Physicist, co-discoverer of [[Bose–Einstein statistics]]
|
|-
|[[Saumitra Das]]
|1992
|PhD
|
|Virologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mcbl.iisc.ac.in/Saumitra/principal-investiogator.html|title=Laboratory of Dr. Saumitra Das|date=2017-12-19|website=mcbl.iisc.ac.in|access-date=2017-12-19}}</ref>
|-
|[[Snehasikta Swarnakar]]
|
|
|
|Cancer biologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caluniv.ac.in/academic/department/Environmental-Sc.html|title=Environmental Science – Guest faculty|date=2017-12-24|website=www.caluniv.ac.in|access-date=2017-12-24}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Soorjo Coomar Goodeve Chuckerbutty]]
|
|
|[[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Calcutta Medical College]]<ref name=":3" group="note" />
|
|
|-
|[[Soumen Basak]]
|
|
|
|Immunologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nii.res.in/research/soumen-basak|title=Soumen Basak - NII|date=2018-12-29|website=www.nii.res.in|access-date=2018-12-29}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Soumitro Banerjee]]
|1981
|
|
|Electrical engineer, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Profile on TWAS |url=http://twas.org/sites/default/files/member/cv.pdf |access-date=2017-10-22 |publisher=The World Academy of Sciences}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Srinivasan Ramachandran]]
|
|
|
|Bioinformatician, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ccb.iiitd.ac.in/people.html|title=CCB@IIIT-Delhi|date=2017-12-26|website=ccb.iiitd.ac.in|language=en|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Subhash Chandra Lakhotia]]
|1964–1966
|
|
|Cytogeneticist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bhu.ac.in/science/zoology/faculty.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122204320/http://www.bhu.ac.in/science/zoology/faculty.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 January 2014|title=Faculty of Science|date=2016|publisher=Banaras Hindu University|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (physician)|Subhash Mukhopadhyay]]
|1955; 1958
|
|[[Calcutta National Medical College|Calcutta National Medical]]<ref group="note">The [[Calcutta National Medical College]] was affiliated to the University of Calcutta between 1921 and 2003.</ref>
|First physician in India (and second in the world) to perform in vitro fertilization
|
|-
|[[Subir Kumar Ghosh]]
|
|BSc; MSc; PhD
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|Geologist and Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N79-0277|title=Deceased fellow|date=2016|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Sumit Bhaduri]]
|
|
|
|Organic chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N93-1113|title=Indian fellow|date=2016|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Sumit Ranjan Das]]
|
|
|
|High energy physicist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pa.as.uky.edu/users/srdas2|title=Faculty Profile|date=2017-10-17|website=College of Arts & Sciences Physics & Astronomy – University of Kentucky|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Sunil Kumar Manna]]
|
|
|
|Immunologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdfd.org.in/labpages/sunil_kumar_manna.html|title=CDFD :: Immunology :: Sunil Kumar Manna|date=2018-01-21|website=www.cdfd.org.in|access-date=2018-01-21}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Ujjwal Maulik]]
|1983–1989
|PhD
|Calcutta University
|Computer scientist, worked at Stanford University, Univ. of Maryland. Los Alamos National Lab, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University, IEEE fellow,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ieee.org/membership/fellows/fellows-directory.html/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503045422/https://www.ieee.org/membership/fellows/fellows-directory.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 May 2018 |title= IEEE Fellow Directory |website= [[IEEE]]}}</ref> Stanford List of Scientists<ref>{{cite news|date=17 November 2020|title=Bengali couples earned world fame in the field of Science|page=03|work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/others/science/bengali-couples-earned-world-fame-in-the-field-of-science-1.1229870|access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Upendranath Brahmachari]]
|1893; 1894; 1900; 1902; 1904
|MD; PhD
|[[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency]];<ref name=":0" group="note" /> [[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Calcutta Medical College]]<ref group="note" name=":3">The [[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Calcutta Medical College]] was affiliated to the University of Calcutta between 1857 and 2003.</ref>
|
|
|-
|[[Usha Ranjan Ghatak]]
|1953
|BSc; MSc
|[[Asutosh College|Asutosh]]
|Synthetic organic chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ranu|first=Brindhaban C.|date=August 2005|title=Usha Ranjan Ghatak (1931–2005)|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/aug102005/570.pdf|journal=Current Science|volume=89|issue=3|page=570}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Vikram Marwah]]
|1948
|
|[[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Calcutta Medical College]]<ref name=":3" group="note" />
|
|
|}

* [[Dipak K Banerjee]], BSc, MSc & PhD in chemistry from the university, professor of biochemistry
*[[Chandramukhi Basu]], one of the first two female graduates of the [[British Empire]]; first female head of an undergraduate academic institution in South Asia
*[[Kumudini Basu]], writer, social reformer, freedom fighter and women's rights activist
*[[Sasanka Chandra Bhattacharyya]], natural product chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{cite journal|author=S. K. Paknikar|year=2016|title=Educationist, Scientist, and Administrator|url=http://journal.library.iisc.ernet.in/index.php/iisc/article/viewFile/2534/2599|journal=Indian Institute of Science Journal}}</ref>
*[[Katyayanidas Bhattacharya]], philosophy professor, Presidency College, Calcutta
*[[Santanu Bhattacharya]], chemical biologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=P07-1430|title=Indian fellow|date=2016|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
*[[Birendra Bijoy Biswas]], molecular biologist
*[[Nirmal Kumar Bose]], Census Commissioner of India<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nlindia.org/exhib_nirmal.html |title=Exhibition On Nirmal Kumar Bose |website=National Library, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921102347/http://www.nlindia.org/exhib_nirmal.html |archive-date=21 September 2008}}</ref>
*[[Debasis Chattopadhyay]], plant biologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nipgr.res.in/research/dr_dchattopadhyay.php|title=Scientist Profile NIPGR|date=2018-01-26|website=National Institute of Plant Genome Research|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>
*[[Barun De]], chairman, West Bengal Heritage Commission, Calcutta
*[[Amlan Dutta]], former [[vice chancellor]] of [[Visva-Bharati University]], [[Santiniketan]]
* [[Asim Duttaroy]], [[Biomedical scientist|medical scientist]]
*[[Mircea Eliade]], religious scholar and philosopher
*[[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]], English literature scholar
*[[Sankar Ghosh]], chairman of Department of Microbiology and Immunology at [[Columbia University]]; co-founder of Theralogics Inc.
*[[K. S. Krishnan]], philosopher
*[[Dhan Gopal Mukerji]], socio-cultural critic; first successful man of letters in the early 20th-century United States
*[[Kamini Roy]], first female honours graduate in the [[British Empire]]; first [[feminist]] author in India
*[[Prafulla Chandra Roy]], chemist
*[[Sir Jadunath Sarkar]], vice chancellor of the University of Calcutta
*[[Debi Prasad Sarkar]], immunologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/Faculty%20Profiles/2015/Biochem/Oct2015_Biochem_Debi.pdf|title=University Faculty Details Page|date=2016|publisher=University of Delhi|access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
*[[Brajendra Nath Seal]], [[vice chancellor]] of [[Visva-Bharati University]] and the [[University of Mysore]]
*[[Ashoke Sen]], string theorist
*[[Dinesh Chandra Sen]], scholar of early Bengali literature
*[[Ranjan Sen]], biophysicist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdfd.org.in/labpages/ranjan_sen.html|title=CDFD :: Transcription :: Ranjan Sen|date=2017-12-27|website=www.cdfd.org.in|access-date=2017-12-27}}</ref>
*[[Sanjib Senapati]], biotechnologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biotech.iitm.ac.in/web/Sanjib|title=Sanjib Senapati – Department of Biotechnology|date=2018-05-16|website=biotech.iitm.ac.in|language=en|access-date=2018-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516174418/https://biotech.iitm.ac.in/web/Sanjib|archive-date=16 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Class
year
!Degree
!College
!class="unsortable"|Notability
!class="unsortable"|References
|-
|[[Chhanda Gayen]]
|
|
|
|Mountaineer, first Bengali woman to climb [[Mount Everest]]
|
|-
|[[Chuni Goswami]]
|
|
|
|Former captain of Indian football team
|
|-
|[[Gourgopal Ghosh]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|Football player for the [[Mohun Bagan]] Club
|
|-
|[[Leander Paes]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Former [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] bronze medallist; [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] and [[French Open]] doubles champion
|
|-
|[[Norman Pritchard]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Former Olympic silver medalist
|
|-
|[[P. K. Banerjee|Pradip Kumar Banerjee]]
|
|
|[[Suri Vidyasagar College|Suri Vidyasagar]]<ref name=":1" group="note" />
|Footballer
|
|-
|[[Sailen Manna]]
|
|
|[[Surendranath College|Surendranath]]
|Captain of the [[Indian football team]] in the [[London Olympics in 1948]]; gold medallist in [[1951 Asian Games]]
|
|-
|[[Saurav Ganguly]]
|
|
|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]]
|Former captain of the [[India cricket team]]
|
|-
|[[Sunil Chhetri]]
|
|
|[[Asutosh College|Asutosh]]
|Captain of the [[Indian football team]]
|
|-
|[[Surya Shekhar Ganguly]]
|
|
|[[Scottish Church College|Scottish Church]]
|[[Grandmaster (chess)|chess grandmaster]], national chess champion
|
|-
|[[Talimeran Ao]]
|
|
|[[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital|R. G. Kar]]<ref group="note" name=":4">The [[R. G. Kar Medical College]] was affiliated to the University of Calcutta between 1916 and 2003.</ref>
|Former captain of the [[India men's national football team|Indian football team]] in the 1948 Olympic Games
|
|-
|[[Vece Paes]]
|
|
|
|Former Olympic hockey player
|
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:University of Calcutta people}}
[[Category:Lists of people by university or college in India|Calcutta]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta people| ]]
[[Category:Kolkata-related lists]]

Shakuntala

2026-03-21T20:27:02Z

AngelesEller0: fixed lead per sources and updated info based on references

{{Short description|Heroine in ancient Indian literature}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox character
| info-hdr = Personal Information
| family = [[Vishvamitra]] (father) [[Menaka]] (mother) [[Kanva]] (adoptive father)
| spouse = [[Dushyanta]]
| children = [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]]
| name =
| franchise =
| image = File:Raja Ravi Varma, Sakunthala Pathralekhan (another version).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Shakuntala writing a love letter to [[Dushyanta]], a scene from the play painted by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]
}}
'''Shakuntala''' ({{langx|sa|शकुन्तला|Śakuntalā}}) is a [[heroine]] in [[ancient Indian literature]], best known for her portrayal in the ancient [[Sanskrit]] play ''[[Abhijnanashakuntalam]]'' (The Recognition of Shakuntala), written by the classical poet [[Kalidasa]] in the 4th or 5th century AD. Her story, however, originates in the [[Hindu epic]], the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' (c. 400 BC - 400 AD), where she appears in the ''[[Adi Parva]]'' ("The Book of Beginnings"). In both narratives, Shakuntala is the daughter of the sage [[Vishvamitra]] and the celestial nymph [[Menaka]]. Abandoned at birth, she is raised by the sage [[Kanva]] in a forest hermitage. She later falls in love with King [[Dushyanta]] and becomes the mother of [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]], a celebrated emperor of India.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dollsofindia.com/library/shakuntala/|title=Shakuntala - the Epitome of Beauty, Patience and Virtue|website=Dolls of India|date=16 September 2011|access-date=2016-03-08}}</ref>

In the ''Mahabharata'', Shakuntala introduces herself to Dushyanta when he visits her hermitage during a hunting expedition in the absence of her foster father, Kanva. The two fall in love and secretly marry according to the [[Gandharva marriage|Gandharva tradition]] (a love marriage), consummating their union in the forest. Afterward, Dushyanta returns to his palace life and gradually forgets about Shakuntala. Years later, she approaches him with their son, Bharata, but he hesitates to acknowledge them. Outspoken and fearless, Shakuntala rebukes him forcefully until a celestial voice intervenes to confirm the truth, compelling Dushyanta to accept her and their son.

''Abhijnanashakuntalam'' dramatizes the story with poetic elegance but reimagines Shakuntala as a more passive and naive figure. In this version, her introduction to King Dushyanta is made by her friends, Priyamvada and Anasuya. After Dushyanta departs from the hermitage, Shakuntala, lost in thoughts of him, fails to greet the irascible sage [[Durvasa]], who curses her so that Dushyanta will forget her entirely. The curse can only be lifted if he sees a token of their love—a signet ring he had given her. The now-pregnant Shakuntala journeys to the palace, but she loses the ring in a river and is rejected by Dushyanta, who fails to recognise her. Humiliated and abandoned, she is lifted away by celestial beings to her divine mother Menaka's abode. The lost ring is later found in a fish's belly and returned to Dushyanta, restoring his memory. Overcome with remorse, he longs for Shakuntala, and in time, reunites with her—now with their son, Bharata.

Shakuntala has long been regarded as a significant cultural figure and a symbol of Indian womanhood, inspiring numerous literary, artistic, and visual adaptations. In modern scholarship, the contrast between her portrayals in the ''Mahabharata'' and ''Abhijnanashakuntalam'' is frequently highlighted, particularly in discussions of gender, agency, and narrative tone.

==Legend==
[[File:Viswāmitra rejecting his daughter Sakuntalā's birt Wellcome V0045113.jpg|thumb|''The Birth of Shakuntala'', one of the most famous lithographs by [[Raja Ravi Varma]], depicting Vishvamitra rejecting Menaka and his daughter.]]
There are two different stories of Shakuntala's life. The first version is the one described in ''[[Mahabharata]]'', one of the two major Hindu epics traditionally attributed to the sage [[Vyasa]]. This story had been adapted as the play by the 4th–5th century AD poet Kalidasa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Śakuntalā |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241908.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

===''Mahabharata''===
According to [[Vyasa|Vyasa's]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', Sage [[Vishvamitra]] undertakes intense penance to attain the status of a ''[[Brahmarshi]]''. Concerned by the severity of his meditation, [[Indra]] (king of gods) fears a potential challenge to his authority and seeks to disrupt his penance. To this end, he dispatches [[Menaka]], an [[apsara]], to distract him. Menaka arrives at Vishvamitra's meditation site and engages him in conversation, ultimately leading him away from his ascetic practice. Vishvamitra and Menaka reside together for a period, during which a daughter is born. In time, Vishvamitra discerns Indra's intervention and resolves to resume his ascetic pursuits. He departs, and Menaka, before returning to heaven, leaves the child near the hermitage of Sage Kanva. Sage [[Kanva]] discovers the infant surrounded by ''śakunta'' birds and names her Shakuntala, signifying "one protected by ''śakunta''".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sattar|first=Arshia|date=2017-06-22|title=The ultimate male fantasy|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/analysing-the-episode-of-apsara-menaka-and-sage-vishwamitra/article19125560.ece|access-date=2020-09-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

In the [[Adi Parva]] of [[Mahabharata]], Kanva says:
<blockquote>
She was surrounded in the solitude of the wilderness by ''śakuntas'', 
therefore, hath she been named by me Shakuntala (Shakunta-protected).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01073.htm|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section LXXII|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/mbs/mbs01066.htm|title=The Mahabharata in Sanskrit: Book 1: Chapter 66|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Years later, [[Dushyanta]], King of [[Hastinapur]] encounters Shakuntala in Kanva's hermitage while hunting in the forest. In the absence of Kanva, the two developed mutual affection and married according to the [[Gandharva marriage|Gandharva]] tradition. After spending some time together, Dushyanta returned to his kingdom, and Shakuntala became pregnant.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Dusyanta meet shakuntala.jpg|thumb|Dushyanta meet Shakuntala, from a folio of [[Razmnama]], the 16th century Persian translation of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' ]]
Upon Kanva's return, he accepted the marriage as part of divine destiny. In due course, Shakuntala gave birth to a son, named [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Sarvadamana]] due to his ability to suppress everyone, including animals like lions. Seeing the boy's prowess, Kanva decides it is time for Shakuntala to present him to Dushyanta. Shakuntala, with her son, is escorted by Kanva's students and reaches the royal court and introduces him to the king, urging him to fulfill his promise and acknowledge their child as his heir.

Dushyanta, however, denies any memory of their union and dismisses Shakuntala's claim. Stunned, she quickly regains her composure and rebukes him for his dishonor. She reminds him that truth is the foundation of righteousness and warns that the gods, who witness all actions, will judge him. Despite her impassioned plea, Dushyanta refuses to accept the boy, mocking her lineage. At that moment, a celestial voice resounds from the heavens, confirming Shakuntala's words. It declares that the son is indeed Dushyanta's and must be recognized. The voice further proclaims that because the king is commanded to cherish him, the boy shall be named Bharata, meaning "the cherished one". Realizing his error, Dushyanta joyfully accepts his son and formally installs him as heir. Embracing Bharata, he seeks Shakuntala's forgiveness, explaining that he had only delayed recognition to ensure the child's legitimacy. Under Bharata's rule, the kingdom flourishes, and he becomes a legendary monarch, earning the title of ''[[Chakravartin|Chakravarti]]'', a universal ruler. His reign is marked by justice, prosperity, and grand sacrifices, including the horse sacrifice. From his name, the land of India comes to be known as ''Bharatavarsha'', cementing his legacy for generations to come.<ref name=":0" />

===''Abhijnanashakuntalam''===
[[File:Durvasa’s wrath against Shakuntala.jpg|alt=|left|272x272px|thumb|Kalidasa's version features much dramatized variant of the tale. One of Kalidasa's additions include the sage Durvasa cursing Shakuntala (pictured)]]
Kalidasa reworked the story of Shakuntala into a dramatic form, introducing additional elements such as a curse and a lost signet ring to create a more complex narrative. Many scholars consider the Kalidasa's version more literary acclaimed and influential.<ref name=":0" />

In ''[[Shakuntala (play)|Abhijnanamshakuntalam]]'', Shakuntala is the daughter of Vishvamitra and Menaka, and is raised in Kanva's hermitage alongside her companions Anasuya and Priyamvada. She encounters Dushyanta during a hunting expedition. Captivated by her beauty, grace, and modesty, Dushyanta learns from her Anasuya and Priyamvada that she is of royal birth despite her upbringing in the ashram. Enamored by her, Dushyanta courts Shakuntala, and their mutual attraction blossoms into love. Overwhelmed by his emotions, Dushyanta convinces Shakuntala to marry him through the gandharva rite, a form of spontaneous union that does not require formal rituals or parental approval. The two consummate their love, and Dushyanta promises to return for her after fulfilling his royal duties. Before departing, he gives Shakuntala a signet ring as a token of remembrance.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Barbara Stoler|title=Theater of Memory: The Plays of Kalidasa|date=1984|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|page=122}}</ref>

While deeply engrossed in thoughts of Dushyanta, Shakuntala inadvertently offends the irascible sage Durvasa by failing to notice his arrival. Feeling slighted by her inattention, Durvasa curses her, declaring that the one she loves will forget her entirely. Although her companions plead for mercy, the sage, unable to revoke the curse, grants a reprieve: Dushyanta's memory will be restored only when he sees the token of their love. Unaware of the full consequences of the curse, Shakuntala waits for Dushyanta's return. When Kanva learns of her condition, he prepares for her departure to Dushyanta's court, entrusting her to his disciples Sharadvata and Sharngarava. Along the way, while crossing a river, Shakuntala accidentally loses the signet ring when it slips from her finger and falls into the water, unnoticed.
[[File:Sakuntala leaving for his husband king Dushmanta's palace.jpg|thumb|left|Shakuntala leaving for her husband king Dushyanta's palace]]

Upon reaching Dushyanta's palace, Shakuntala confidently presents herself as his wife. However, because of the curse, Dushyanta does not recognize her and denies any knowledge of their marriage. The courtiers regard her with suspicion, and without the ring as proof of her identity, her claims appear baseless. Humiliated and heartbroken, Shakuntala laments her fate. In an act of divine intervention, she is suddenly lifted away by celestial beings to her mother Menaka's realm in the heavens, sparing her further disgrace at court. Dushyanta, despite his rejection, is deeply unsettled by the encounter and feels an inexplicable sadness, though he cannot understand its cause.

Time passes, and one day a fisherman catches a fish in whose stomach he finds the royal signet ring. Recognizing it as Dushyanta's, he returns it to the king. The moment Dushyanta sees the ring, his memories flood back, and he is struck with immense guilt and sorrow. Realizing that he has wronged Shakuntala, he is tormented by remorse and desperately seeks a way to reunite with her, but she has vanished, leaving him to wander in anguish. In his despair, Dushyanta embarks on a campaign to defeat a group of demons, earning divine favor along the way. During his journey, he arrives at the hermitage of the celestial sage Marichi, where he unexpectedly encounters a young boy playing with a lion cub. The child, fearless and noble, immediately captures Dushyanta's attention. The boy, named Bharata, is revealed to be his own son—a fact Dushyanta had not known. The sage explains that Bharata is indeed his son and that Shakuntala has been living in the celestial realm all along. At last, Dushyanta and Shakuntala are reunited, their love restored and strengthened by the trials they endured. Now a mature and dignified woman, Shakuntala forgives Dushyanta, and they are finally recognized as husband and wife.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Glass|first=Andrew|date=June 2010|title=Vasudeva, Somadeva (Ed. and Tr.), The Recognition of Shakúntala by Kālidāsa Olivelle, Patrick (Ed. and Tr.), The Five Discourses on Worldly Wisdom by Visnuśarman Mallinson, Sir James (Ed. and Tr.), The Emperor of the Sorcerers...|url=https://www.ebscohost.com|journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |doi=10.1163/001972409X12645171001532|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Shakuntala Recognized|last=Kalidasa|publisher=iUniverse|others=Translated by G.N. Reddy|year=2000|isbn=0595139809|location=Victoria, BC, Canada }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yousaf|first=Ghulam-Sarwar|date=2005|title=RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL VALUES IN KALIDASA'S SHAKUNTALA|url=https://www.academia.edu/10239314|journal=Katha|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan="2" cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;"
|align=center colspan=2 style="background:#F4A460; font-size: 100%;"| '''Ancient renditions of the myth of Shakuntala (2nd century BC, [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]] period)'''
|-
|
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
File:Shakuntala plaque from Bhita.jpg|The Bhita plaque
Ai Khanoum Indian plate reconstitution.jpg|The Indian plaque of [[Ai-Khanoum]]
File: Kulu vase drawing detail.jpg|The [[Kulu Vase]]
</gallery>
|}

==Influence==
===Arts===
====Raja Ravi Varma====
[[File:Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg|thumb|Shakuntala has inspired many artworks, including [[Raja Ravi Varma]]'s ''[[Shakuntala (painting)|Shakuntala looking for Dushyanta]]'', depicting her pretending thorn removal from feet while looking for Dushyanta.]]
[[Raja Ravi Varma]] was widely praised for his ability to merge the Western academic painting style with Indian themes. In the 1870s, as he began creating narrative paintings, he drew inspiration from India's classical heritage—drawing upon the epics, Puranas, and Kalidasa's plays. His first major work featuring Shakuntala, ''[[Shakuntala Patra-lekhan|Shakuntala Patralekhan]]'' (Shakuntala Writing a Love Letter to Dushyanta), was painted for the 1876 Madras exhibition. The painting, which depicted Shakuntala lying on the forest floor in a yellow sari, surrounded by her friends and animal companions, won a gold medal and garnered widespread acclaim. It was immediately purchased by the Duke of Buckingham, then Governor of Madras. Though the location of the original painting remains unknown, it was widely reproduced in books and lithographs, including the 1903 publication Ravi Varma: The Indian Artist. Given the colonial fascination with the ''Abhijnanasakuntalam'' narrative at the time, Varma was encouraged to create multiple renditions of Shakuntala. His later works included Shakuntala (1888, Maharaja Fatehsingh Museum, Baroda), Shakuntala (1898, Government Museum, Madras), and ''[[Shakuntala (Raja Ravi Varma)|Shakuntala Looking for Dushyanta]]'' (1898, Shri Chitra Art Gallery, Trivandrum). One of his Shakuntala paintings was even selected as the frontispiece for [[Monier-Williams]]' 1887 edition of Kalidasa's play.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=McLain |first=Karline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4-Su0whKa0C&q=shakuntala+&pg=PA64 |title=India's Immortal Comic Books: Gods, Kings, and Other Heroes |date=2009-03-04 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-22052-3 |language=en}}</ref> His most famous painting, ''Shakuntala Looking for Dushyanta'' captures the moment when she feigns removing a thorn from her foot while actually glancing back to see if Dushyanta notices her.<ref>Prabhu, K. (2022). Contribution of Raja Ravi Varma in Retelling the Religious and Mythological Themes through Paintings. All Studies Journal, 7(4). </ref>

Varma's works were equally admired by Orientalists and Indian nationalists. In 1895, Varma's first lithographic print, The Birth of Shakuntala, won the "Best Lithograph" prize at the Bombay Art Society's annual exhibition. The choice of this subject was highly symbolic; by this time, Shakuntala had come to represent an idealized vision of Indian womanhood. Within the context of colonial modernity, her birth was seen not just as the emergence of India's ancestral matriarch but also as a metaphorical rebirth of the ideal Hindu woman—an embodiment of the virtues that both [[Orientalists]] and [[Indian nationalists]] sought to define in the image of the "modern" Indian woman.<ref name=":1" />
===Sculpture===
[[Camille Claudel]] created a sculpture ''[[Sakuntala (Claudel)|Shakuntala]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/exhibition/camille-claudel |title=CAMILLE CLAUDEL FROM 1 OCTOBER TO 5 JANUARY CAMILLE CLAUDEL COMES OUT OF THE RESERVE COLLECTIONS |publisher=Musée Rodin |access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref>
===Theatre, literature and music===

====Opera====
{{See also|Sakuntala (opera)|Sakùntala}}
''[[Sakuntala (opera)|Sakuntala]]'' is an incomplete opera by [[Franz Schubert]], which was started in October 1820.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Badura-Skoda |first1=For Royalties and Contract Only Eva |title=Schubert Studies: Problems of Style and Chronology |date=23 September 1982 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-22606-6 |page=318 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jM88AAAAIAAJ |access-date=25 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 1884 the first Opera of the 21-year-old Austrian composer [[Felix Weingartner]] had its debut performance in Weimar and was supported by Franz Liszt to bring it to stage. Italian [[Franco Alfano]] composed an [[opera]] named ''[[La leggenda di Sakùntala]]'' (''The legend of Shakuntala'') in its first version ([[1921 in music#Opera|1921]]) <ref>{{cite book |last1=Grout |first1=Donald J. |last2=Williams |first2=Hermine Weigel |title=A Short History of Opera |date=18 July 2003 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-50772-1 |page=605 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xXZhKagLO4C |access-date=25 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and simply ''[[Sakùntala]]'' in its second version ([[1952 in music#Opera|1952]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bagnoli |first1=Giorgio |title=The La Scala Encyclopedia of the Opera |date=1993 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-87042-3 |page=215 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUJ0bvo6rQIC |language=en}}</ref>

====Ballet====
* [[Ernest Reyer]] (1823–1909) composed a ballet ''Sacountala'' on a work by Théophile Gautier in 1838.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grove |first1=George |title=A Dictionary of Music and Musicians: (A.D. 1450-1880) |date=1883 |publisher=Macmillan |page=122 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oR2LKcIyX1QC&dq=sacountala+Th%C3%A9ophile+Gautier&pg=PA122 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Thapar |first1=Romila |title=Sakuntala: Texts, Readings, Histories |date=12 April 2011 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-52702-6 |page=207 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sY2o_SE1MisC |language=en}}</ref>
* The Soviet composer [[Sergey Balasanian]] (1902–1982) composed a ballet named Shakuntala (premiere 28 December 1963, Riga).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hakobian|first1=Levon|title=Music of the Soviet Era: 1917–1991|date=25 November 2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=387|isbn=9781317091875|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eiolDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA387|access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref>

====Other literature====
[[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]] created a novel in [[Sadhu bhasha]], Bengali.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} It was among the first translations from [[Bengali language|Bengali]].{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} [[Abanindranath Tagore]] later wrote in the [[Chalit Bhasa]] (which is a simpler literary variation of [[Bengali language|Bengali]]) mainly for children and preteens.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

By the 18th century, Western poets were beginning to get acquainted with works of Indian literature and [[Indian philosophy|philosophy]]. {{citation needed|date=August 2017}} The German poet [[Goethe]] read Kalidasa's play and has expressed his admiration for the work{{Original research inline|date=August 2017}} in the following verses:
{{Verse translation|lang=de|
Willst du die Blüthe des frühen, die Früchte des späteren Jahres,
Willst du, was reizt und entzückt, willst du was sättigt und nährt,
Willst du den Himmel, die Erde, mit Einem Namen begreifen;
Nenn' ich, Sakuntala, Dich, und so ist Alles gesagt.
|attr1=Goethe, 1791<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.textlog.de/22272.html|title=Goethe - Gedichte: Sakontala|website=www.textlog.de}}</ref>|
Wouldst thou the young year's blossoms and the fruits of its decline
And all by which the soul is charmed, enraptured, feasted, fed,
Wouldst thou the earth and heaven itself in one sole name combine?
I name thee, O Sakuntala! and all at once is said.
|attr2=translation by [[Edward Eastwick]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alka-pratap/hinduisms-influence-on-indian-poetry_b_9124050.html|title=Hinduism's Influence on Indian Poetry|first=Alka|last=Pratap|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=2 February 2016}}</ref>}}
In 1808 [[Friedrich Schlegel]] published a German translation of the Shakuntala story from the ''Mahabharata''.<ref>Figueira 1991, [https://books.google.com/books?id=aN_U4bJvrRMC&pg=PA19 pp. 19–20]</ref>

===Film and TV===
A significant number of Indian films have been made on the story of Shakuntala. These include: [[Shakuntala (1920 film)|''Shakuntala'']] (1920) by Suchet Singh, ''Shakuntala'' (1920) by [[S. N. Patankar]], ''Shakuntala'' (1929) by [[Fatma Begum]], ''Shakuntala'' (1931) by Mohan Dayaram Bhavnani, ''Shakuntala'' (1931) by [[J.J. Madan]], [[Sakunthala (1932 film)|''Sakunthala'']] (1932) by [[Sarvottam Badami]], ''Shakuntala'' (1932), [[Sakuntalai|''Shakuntala'']] (1940) by [[Ellis Dungan]], ''Shakuntala'' (1941) by Jyotish Bannerjee, [[Shakuntala (1943 film)|Shakuntala]] (1943) by [[V. Shantaram]], ''Shakuntala'' (1961) by [[Bhupen Hazarika]], [[Shakuntala (1965 film)|''Shakuntala'']] (1965) by [[Kunchacko]], [[Sakunthala (1966 film)|''Sakunthala'']] (1966) by [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]], [[Stree (1961 film)|''Stree'']] by V. Shantaram.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|access-date=12 August 2012|year=1999|publisher=British Film Institute|isbn=9780851706696}}</ref>

The 2009 Indian television show, [[Shakuntala (TV series)|''Shakuntala'']], was an adaptation of the play by Kalidasa.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Films and Television Shows depicting Shakuntala
!Year
!Films and Television Shows
!Portrayed by
!Directed by
|-
|1920
|[[Shakuntala (1920 film)|''Shakuntala'']]
|Dorothy Kingdom
|Suchet Singh
|-
|1920
|''Shakuntala''
|
|[[Shree Nath Patankar]]
|-
|1929
|''Shakuntala''
|
|[[Fatma Begum]]
|-
|1931
|''Shakuntala''
|Khurshid Begum
|Mohan Dayaram Bhavnani
|-
|1931
|''Shakuntala''
|
|[[J.J. Madan]]
|-
|1932
|''[[Sakunthala (1932 film)|Sakunthala]]''
|[[Surabhi Kamalabai]]
|[[Sarvottam Badami]]
|-
|1940
|''[[Sakuntalai]]''
|[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]]
|[[Ellis R. Dungan]]
|-
|1941
|''Shakuntala''
|Jyotsna Gupta
|Jyotish Bannerjee
|-
|1943
|[[Shakuntala (1943 film)|''Shakuntala'']]
|Jayashree
|[[V. Shantaram]]
|-
|1961
|''Shakuntala''
|Amala Katarki
|[[Bhupen Hazarika]]
|-
|1961
|[[Stree (1961 film)|''Stree'']]
|[[Sandhya Shantaram]]
|[[V. Shantaram]]
|-
|1965
|[[Shakuntala (1965 film)|''Sakunthala'']]
|[[K. R. Vijaya]]
|[[Kunchacko]]
|-
|1966
|[[Shakuntala (1966 film)|''Shakuntala'']]
|[[K. R. Vijaya]]
|[[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]]
|-
|1985
|Anantyatra
|[[Anuradha Patel]]
|Jayoo Patwardhan, Nachiket Patwardhan
|-
|1985
|''[[Raja Rishi]]''
|Nalini
|[[K. Shankar]]
|-
|1988
|''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]''
|[[Pallavi Joshi]]
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
|-
|1991
|''[[Brahmarshi Viswamitra]]''
|Madhumita
|[[N. T. Rama Rao]]
|-
|2000
|''[[Gaja Gamini]]''
|[[Madhuri Dixit]]
|[[M. F. Husain]]
|-
|2009
|[[Shakuntala (TV series)|''Shakuntala'']]
|Neha Mehta
|Various
|-
|2021
|style="background:#ffc;" | ''Sakuntalam {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}''
|Payal Shetty
|[[Dushyanth Sridhar]]
|-
|2023
|''[[Shaakuntalam]]''
|[[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]]
|[[Gunasekhar]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* [[Dorothy Matilda Figueira]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=aN_U4bJvrRMC ''Translating the Orient: The Reception of Sakuntala in Nineteenth-Century Europe''.] SUNY Press, 1991. {{ISBN|0791403270}}
* [[Romila Thapar]]. ''Sakuntala: Texts, Readings, Histories''. Columbia University Press, 2011. {{ISBN|0231156553}}
* [[Vyasa]]. ''[[Mahabharata]]''.
* https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=N5eTQewvteg&t=110s

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Mahābhārata}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Queens in Hindu mythology]]

Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha

2026-03-17T18:36:20Z

AngelesEller0: put up new article

{{Short description|Sanskrit story collection}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha
| title_orig = लघु-प्रबन्ध-सङ्ग्रहः
| orig_lang_code = sa
| title_working =
| country =
| language = [[Sanskrit]]
| subject =
| genre = [[prabandha]]
| set_in = ancient and medieval India
| pub_date = Second half of the 13th century
}}
'''''Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha''''' is a 13th century [[Sanskrit]]-language collection of stories (''[[prabandha]]''s) from India. An anonymous work, it features stories about several [[Jainism|Jain]] authors and royal patrons, mainly from the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya kingdom]] of present-day [[Gujarat]].

== Authorship and date ==

All the ''prabandhas'' in the anonymous collection appear to have been written by a single person, as suggested by the homogenous style.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=88}} The language of the text is Sanskrit, mixed with Prakrit and Old Gujarati words and expressions. At some places, the text includes non-Sanskrit sentences, paragraphs, and verses.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=82}} The content (for example, the references to Anahilapura Pattana) and the language of the text suggest that the author was a medieval Jain writer from northern Gujarat.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=88}}

A colophon entry in the manuscript copy mentions the date 1465 [[Vikrama Samvat|VS]] (1409 CE), which means that the original text must have been composed sometime earlier. The text could not have been composed before the 12th century, as it refers to several kings from that period, including [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]] (r.c. 1092-1142), Paramardi of Kalyana-koti-pura (identified with [[Vikramaditya VI]], r.c. 1076-1126), Madanabhrama (identified with [[Madanavarman]], r.c. 1128-1165), and the Paramara prince [[Jagadeva]].{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=89}} Finally, it refers to the text ''Vasu-pujya-charitra'', which is dated 1243 CE. Thus, the ''Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha'' must have been composed sometime between 1243 and 1409.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=90}}

The ''Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha'' has some characters and stories (with variations) in common with the other Sanskrit works, especially other ''prabandha'' collections, such as the ''[[Prabandha Chintamani]]'' and the ''Puratana Prabandha Sangraha''. In many cases, the ''Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha'' version appears to be the oldest, being simpler, less polished, and more archaic in language.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=55, 59, 66, 80-81}} This does not mean that the compiler of the ''Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha'' was the original writer of the stories: he may have borrowed the stories from older literature or oral tradition.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=66,81}}

Since the ''Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha'' appears to be older than the ''[[Prabandha Chintamani]]'' (1305), it was most probably composed during the second half of the 13th century.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=91}}{{sfn|Lotika Varadarajan|1990|p=163}}

== Critical edition ==

In 1970, Jayant Premshanker Thaker published a printed edition of the text, based on the following three [[Devanagari]] manuscripts from [[Baroda]]:{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=1}}

* 1409 CE manuscript, No. 82, Faculty of Arts ([[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]])
* Undated manuscript, No. 2356, Pravartaka Kantivijayaji Collection No. 2356 (Atmananda Jaina Jinamandira)
* Undated manuscript, No. 681, Oriental Institute No. 681 (Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda)

Of these, only the 1409 CE manuscript contains the full text.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=5}} The text seems to be based on folklore, because it contains several [[Prakrit]] and [[Old Gujarati]] words and passages.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=15}} For example, the Sanskrit name "[[Jayasimha Siddharaja|Jayasiṃha]]" sometimes appears in its colloquial form "Jayasingh".{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=16}}

The other two manuscripts contain only one story - that of Madanabhrama - with minor variations.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=5}} Manuscript No. 2356 appears to be a copy of the 1409 CE manuscript, and No. 681 appears to be a copy of No. 2356. The successive scribes appear to have made attempts to correct and [[Sanskrit]]ize the previous work, although all the manuscripts include several scribal inaccuracies.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=15}}

== Contents ==
{{Quote box |width=25em |align=right |salign=right
|quote = The glory of kings lies in the tusks of elephants, of paupers in the shoulders of bulls, of warriors in the tip of [their] swords, [and] of ladies in [their] breasts
|source = The concluding stanza of the ''Laghu-prabandha-Saṅgraha''{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=36}}
}}

The text features stories (''[[prabandha]]s'') about several Jains, including authors and their royal patrons.{{sfn|V. Raghavan|1971|p=106}}

=== Jagaddeva ===

As a result of conspiracy by ministers, the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] prince [[Jagadeva|Jagaddeva]] leaves his ancestral kingdom. He arrives in the kingdom of King Paramardi of Kalyana-koti-pura, where he pays 300,000 coins to a prostitute. Seeing his generosity, the King and his minister organize a dance and music performance for him. Happy with the performance, Jagaddeva tells the minister to ask for a boon. The minister asks for the rival kings' pets: the horse of the [[Ghaznavids|Gajana]] king Hammira and the elephant of the [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]] king Gajapati. Jagaddeva defeats Hammira, who had earlier attacked [[Somnath Patan|Pattana]], and takes away his horse. He also procures the elephant from Gajapati, and gives both the animals to the minister.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=21-22}}

=== ''Maharaja'' Madanabhrama ===

''Maharaja'' ("Great King") Madanabhrama of Kanti lives in a luxurious palace, where he spends nearly all his time with his 5,585 queens and 9,000 other wives. One day, king [[Jayasimha Siddharaja|Jayasimha-deva]] of [[Gujarat|Gujarata]] encamps near Madanabhrama's capital after completing a victorious twelve-year military campaign. Madana-bhrama's court poet refuses to eulogize Jayasimha, and therefore, Jayasimha decides to wage a war against Madanabhrama. The two kings eventually reconcile, and Madanabhrama tells Jayasimha to enjoy royal life instead of spending time on military campaigns. Jayasimha agrees, and Madanabhrama gifts him beautiful young women.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=22-23}}

=== The Five-handled Royal Umbrella of Vikramaditya ===

One day, a lady named Deva-damini derides king [[Vikramaditya]] of [[Ujjayini]] for not possessing a royal umbrella with five handles. The king asks the lady's "elders" (old women) to prepare such an umbrella for him. The elders reply that they would do so only for someone who would fulfill their five desires, and outline these desires. In five sub-stories, Vikramaditya goes through a series of fantastical adventures to fulfill the desires, marrying Deva-damini and another princess in the process. He is thus able to secure the royal umbrella with five handles.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=23-28}}

=== The Construction of the Lake Sahasra-linga ===

One day, a ''Vyasa'' narrates the following story to king [[Jayasimha Siddharaja|Jayasimha-deva]] of [[Patan, Gujarat|Patana]]: During the reign of king Rina-malla of Sura-dhara-pura, there was a well with little water in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], from which it was very difficult to get water. Once, a [[Chandala]] woman quenched the thirst of a calf with the water from this well. For this meritorious deed, in her next birth, she was born as Kamala-vati, a daughter of king Vishva-deva of [[Kanyakubja|Kannauja]]. She married Rina-malla's son Vayarasala, and came to Saurashtra. There, she remembered her previous birth after seeing the scanty water in the well.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=28}}

After listening to this story, Jayasimha commissions the construction of the lake [[Sahasralinga Tank|Sahasra-linga]] at the site of the former Durlabha-lake.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=28}}

=== The ''Raulanis'' Siddhi and Buddhi ===

One day, two pilgrims tell a sage that they are from Patana, where king Jayasimha-deva has adopted the title ''Siddha-Chakravartin''. Siddhi and Buddhi, two ''raulanis'' (female supernatural beings) from Kamarupitha of Gauda country, overhear this conversation. They go to Patana, and ask Jayasimha to give up his title, insisting that a person cannot be a ''[[Siddha]]'' (one with supernatural powers) and a ''[[Chakravartin]]'' (a universal ruler) at the same time. To prove the king's [[siddhi]] (supernatural powers) to the ''raulanis'', his subject Haripala gets a special sword prepared with a blade made of sugar and a handle made of iron. The king receives the sword in front of the ''raulanis'', pretending that it was a gift from another king. He puts the blade of the sword in his mouth, and eats it. He then gives the remaining part of the sword - the iron handle - to the ''raulanis'', who are unable to swallow it. The ''raulanis'' accept their defeat and fly away, and the king honours Haripala.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=29-30}}

=== Namala the Female Florist ===

After king Jayasimha returns to his capital from a successful military campaign, his mother Mayanala-devi asks him to visit the [[Parshvanatha]] shrine at [[Dabhol]]. At Dabhol, Jaya-simha meets a florist named Namala, who is a ''padmini'' (the most excellent type of) woman. She agrees to marry Jayasimha on the condition that no one would insult her. After they return to the capital, the daughter of an oil-man turns her face away from Namala. When Namala feels insulted, the girl explains that she did so to prevent the oil lamp's odour from spreading into Namala's litter. Another anecdote follows, in which Namala feels insulted by the daughter-in-law of a washerman.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=30-31}}

=== The Jugglers Ganaya and Manaya ===

Jayasimha-deva's royal priest Yashodhara entrusts his two sons Khima-dhara and Deva-dhara to a Jain scholar. During a trip, the two boys learn the art of juggling and [[dramaturgy]] from a juggler named Gaja-raja in [[Kamarupa]]. Once, dressed as females, they perform in front of a foreign king in the east. As a result of the king's reward, they become wealthy, and become known as the jugglers Ganaya and Manaya. Sometime later, they leave Kamarupa, and learn about a battle between the kings Jayasimha and Paramardi. Using their magical powers, they force Paramardi's army to retreat, and return to their home in Jayasimha's capital Patan. However, they find that their house had been occupied by their relatives, and start wandering in the city. Deva-dhara takes the form of a crocodile, and enters the Sahasra-linga lake. After several unsuccessful attempts to catch the crocodile, the king discovers the brothers' true identity. With the king's help, they regain their house and their hereditary priesthood.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=31-32}}

=== Kumara Rana ===

Kumara Ranaka, the ruler of the city of Kidi-mankodi, has several female attendants who massage him, sing for him, and play music for him. One night, conch-blowing sounds by a group of pilgrims going to Saurashtra awakens him. Ranaka also decides to go on this pilgrimage, and starts his journey on an auspicious day. At [[Chanasma|Chandasama]], he deposits his jewels with a merchant who was constructing a lake there. When Ranaka returns from the pilgrimage, the merchant refuses to hand over the jewels to him. The two men take their dispute to king Jayasimha, before whom the merchant declares that the water would not remain in the lake if he had taken the jewels from Ranaka. Immediately, the water gushes out of the lake, which becomes known as "Phūțelau" ("the broken one"). With the king's permission, Ranaka constructs a cottage beside the lake, and practises [[tapasya|penance]] there till his death.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|p=33}}

=== Shrimata ===

King Lakhara-sena rules from his capital Lakhanavati. One day, his minister and astrologer Umapati Shridhara predicts that the queen will give birth to a son, who will fall in love with a girl from the lowest class at the age of 34. Consequently, the king sends the queen to a distant village where she delivers a son - Ratnapunja. When the boy grows up and learns about the prophecy, he vows to remain a lifelong celibate. Ratnapunja ascends the throne after his father dies, and at the age of 32, is attracted to young woman of the low-status ''Matanga'' class. After the minister's spy sees him talking to the woman, he decides to commit suicide out of shame, but the minister prevents him from doing so.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=33-35}}

Sometime later, an astrologer predicts that a pregnant woman from [[Bhinmal|Shrimala-pura]] will give birth to a boy who will become the king of the country. Ratnapunja orders the woman to be buried alive in a forest. Before she is buried, the woman gives birth to a boy, who survives on the milk of a deer. The royal mint automatically starts striking coins featuring the image of a deer. After making inquiries, the king adopts the boy, names him Shri-punja, and crowns him as the new king when he grows up. Some time later, a monkey-faced daughter, named Shri-mata, is born to Shri-punja. One day, after hearing songs glorifying the [[Mount Abu|Arbuda mountain]], Shri-mata remembers her previous birth: she was a monkey who died as a result of a snake-bite. Her body fell into a lake, but her head remained stuck in a bamboo grove, because of which she was reborn with a monkey's head. At the king's orders, his officers find the monkey's head and throw it in the lake. Shri-mata's head then turns human. She becomes a celibate and engages in [[tapasya|penance]] on the Arbuda mountain. After her death, she becomes the [[tutelary deity]] of the mountain.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=33-35}}

=== Gala Shri Varddhamana-suri ===

The Jain religious leader Vardhamana-suri lives at [[Vanthali|Vamana-sthali]], in the kingdom of Brhaspati Ranaka. One day, a [[dialectic]]ian named Deva-maha-nanda arrives at [[Prabhas Patan|Shri-pattana]] from the Gauda country, and challenges people to a debate. At the command of the goddess [[Sarasvati]], Varddhamana-suri instructs his two disciples, Vaghalau and Singhalau, to defeat Deva-maha-nanda. He makes the two disciples sip a magical nectar, which makes them highly knowledgeable. During their journey to Shri-pattana, Varddhamana-suri subsides a flood in the Deyi River using his spiritual powers. After an 18-day debate, the two disciples defeat Deva-maha-nanda, who dies of distress. The deceased dialectician's wealth is used to build 24 Jain monasteries with residential facilities for monks. Vardhamana-suri composes a text named ''Vasu-pujya-charitra''.{{sfn|Jayant P. Thaker|1970|pp=35-36}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book|editor=Jayant P. Thaker |title=Laghuprabandhasaṅgrahah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eK7apI_l4oC |year=1970 |publisher=Oriental Institute |oclc=20655908 }}
* {{cite book |author=Lotika Varadarajan |chapter=Pre-Industrial Indian Textile Technology and Central Asian Influences |year=1990 |editor=Wazir Hasan Abdi |title=Interaction Between Indian and Central Asian Science and Technology in Medieval Times |volume=II |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |oclc=25048551 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKzaAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite journal |author=V. Raghavan |title=Sanskrit: Many noteworthy studies |journal=Indian Literature |volume=14 |issue=4 |year=1971 |pages=103–114 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |jstor=24157416 }}
{{ref end}}

== External links ==

* [https://jainqq.org/explore/009675/11 Laghu-Prabandha-Saṅgraha] (Jain Library), edited by Jayant Premshanker Thaker

[[Category:13th-century Sanskrit literature]]
[[Category:Jain texts]]

Venna Vallabha Rao

2026-03-15T08:45:22Z

AngelesEller0: biography

{{Short description|Indian Poet, Author and Professor in Telugu and Hindi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Venna Vallabha Rao
| image = Dr Venna Vallabha Rao in 2014.jpg
| native_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1956|05|09}}
| birth_place = [[Gudivada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| education = [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] (Hindi) in 1979 and [[Ph.D.]] in 1989 from [[Andhra University]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| alma_mater = [[Andhra University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Professor|Author|Poet}}
| notable_works = {{hlist|Viraamamerugani Payanam|Jathiya Pataka Rupasilpi Pingali Venkayya|Maro Kunthi}}
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for Translation in Telugu 2017
}}

'''Venna Vallabha Rao''' is an Indian author, poet, and translator from [[Hindi]] to [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and vice versa. He is a recipient of the 2017 [[Sahitya Akademi Award]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp#TELUGU | title=..:: SAHITYA : Akademi Awards :: }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2017 |title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Winners List |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/PressReleaseEnglish-TranslationPrize_21.12.2017.pdf |website=[[Sahitya Akademi]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Interview with Writer Venna Vallabha Rao Over {{!}} Sahitya Akademi Award | date=22 December 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8PCJ80dSyo |language=en |access-date=2022-07-01}}</ref> for his translation work ''Viraamamerugani Payanam'' (Restless journey)<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":9" /> based on ''Khanabadosh''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-12 |title='Writing subdued my pain, offered a sort of catharsis' |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/culture/32356 |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630024620/https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/culture/32356 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which is an autobiography of Punjabi writer [[Ajeet Cour]].

== Early life and career ==
Venna Vallabha Rao was born on 9 May 1956 in [[Gudivada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Venna |first=Vallabha Rao |date=November 2013 |title=21 Century Telugu Poetry - Dr.VVR Biodata |url=https://ia801407.us.archive.org/26/items/venna-vallabha-rao-books/21%20Century%20Telugu%20Poetry.jpeg |access-date=9 July 2022 |website=Book Cover}}</ref> to a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] family of Venna Hanumantha Rao and Lakshmi Nageswaramma. His father was a farmer, and his mother was a housewife. He completed his schooling in [[Bethavolu (rural)|Bethavolu]] near [[Gudivada]]. He completed his graduation with a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]].degree from [https://www.anrcollege.edu/ ANR College], [[Gudivada]], in 1977.<ref name=":12" /> He completed post-graduation and received his [[Master of Arts]] ([[Hindi]]) degree from [[Andhra University]], [[Visakhapatnam]], in 1979.<ref name=":12" /> He received [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] for his thesis on "[[Bhagwati Charan Verma]] ke Upanyason mein Vyakti aur Samaj" ({{langx|hi|भगवती चरण वर्मा के उपन्यासों में व्यक्ति और समाज}}) in 1989.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=IndCat |url=https://indcat.inflibnet.ac.in/index.php/thesesrequest?id=69188 |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=indcat.inflibnet.ac.in}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Prakshan |first=Milind |title=Bhagavati Charan Verma ke Upanyasom mein Vyaktti Aura Samaj |publisher=[[Milind Prakashan]] |year=2006 |isbn=81-7868-060-2 |edition=1st |location=Hyderabad, India |language=hi}}</ref>

Dr. Vallabha Rao started his teaching career as a Junior Hindi Lecturer at [http://www.saptagiridegreecollege.com Saptagiri College] in Vijayawada for five years, from 1980 until 1985. Later, he worked as a Hindi [[Lecturer]], [[Reader (academic rank)|Reader]], Head of the Department (Hindi), and Vice-Principal<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=1 October 2010 |title=Loyola Today 2010 |url=https://www.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/9e1728a9765ea400c7894149bdc76167.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/xPIWM |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=1 October 2010 |website=Andhra Loyola College Archives}}{{cbignore}}</ref> at [[Andhra Loyola College|Andhra Loyola College (Autonomous)]] in [[Vijayawada]] for 29 years from 1985 to 2014.<ref name=":4" />

During his tenure at [[Andhra Loyola College|Andhra Loyola College (Autonomous)]], Dr. Vallabha Rao served as the Program Officer, [[National Service Scheme|National Service Scheme (NSS)]] for ten years and as the Secretary of the Andhra Loyola College Staff Co-operative Credit Society for ten years. Dr Vallabha Rao has translated 125 poems from Hindi into Telugu, 75 poems from Telugu into Hindi, several radio plays from Telugu into Hindi and radio features from Hindi into Telugu. He had presented over 50 lessons in Hindi on [[All India Radio]], [[Vijayawada]], and given radio talks, too.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=31 December 2010 |title=57th Loyola College Day Report 2010-2011 |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in%2Fdocuments%2Fea7c00edc47272ec34f63259d169e687.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323183144/https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in%2Fdocuments%2Fea7c00edc47272ec34f63259d169e687.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |archive-date=23 March 2023 |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=Andhra Loyola College}} [https://archive.org/details/loyola-archives Alt URL]</ref>

Dr. Vallabha Rao attended [[World Hindi Conference]]s ({{langx|hi|विश्व हिंदी सम्मेलन}}) and World Telugu Writers Conferences. He participated in the 8th World Hindi Conference held in [[New York City|New York City, USA]], in July 2007,<ref name=":4" /> the 10th World Hindi Conference held in [[Bhopal|Bhopal, India]], in September 2015, and the 11th World Hindi Conference held in [[Port Louis|Port Louis, Mauritius]], in August 2018.

Dr. Vallabha Rao attended the 3rd World Telugu Writers Conference ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: మూడవ ప్రపంచ తెలుగు రచయితల సదస్సు) organized by Krishna District Writers Association held in [[Vijayawada]] in February 2015 and also chaired a session on the topic "''Telugu Sahitya Vikasam – Anuvaadaala paatra''" ({{Langx|te|తెలుగు సాహిత్య వికాసం – అనువాదాల పాత్ర}}). He also attended the 5th World Telugu Writers Conference ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: ఐదవ ప్రపంచ తెలుగు రచయితల సదస్సు) held in [[Singapore]] in November 2016 and presented a paper on the topic "''Telugu Rachanalu Hindi Anuvaadalu: Telugu Bhasha parivyapti''" ({{Langx|te|తెలుగు రచనలు హిందీ అనువాదాలు: తెలుగు భాష పరివ్యాప్తి}}).

He retired as Head of Department (Hindi) in 2014<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2014 |title=Loyola Today 2014 |url=https://www.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/db62748e1b651e60e684d74e00845e58.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924144007/https://andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/db62748e1b651e60e684d74e00845e58.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2021 |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=Andhra Loyola College}} [https://archive.org/details/loyola-archives/Loyola%20Today%202014/ Alt URL]</ref> and currently resides in [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":12" />

== Literary works ==

=== Telugu ===

* ''Jaathiya Pataka Rupasilpi Pingali Venkayya'' ({{Langx|te|జాతీయ పతాక రూపశిల్పి పింగళి వెంకయ్య}}) is a book written in Telugu about [[Flag of India|Indian National Flag]] designer [[Pingali Venkayya]] was published in July 2016. This book is also translated into English by Bollimuntha Nagesawara Rao under the title ''Pingali Venkayya - Designer of the Tricolour'' and was published in December 2023.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venna |first=Vallabha Rao |title=Jaatiya Pataaka Roopasilpi Pingali Venkayya |publisher=[[Chinuku Publications]] |date=July 2016 |isbn=978-8193233764 |edition=1st |location=Garikapativari St, Gandhinagar, Vijayawada |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=A Book on Pingali Gave Immense Satisfaction: Venna Vellabharao | date=23 August 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqvKtbT6wJ4 |language=en |access-date=2022-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jateeya Pataka Rupasilpi Pingali Venkayya Telugu |url=https://jsnbooks.com/book/jateeya-pataka-rupasilpi-pingali-venkayya-telugu-book-by-venna-vallabharao |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=jsnbooks.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bollimuntha |first=Nagesawararao |title=Pingali Venkayya Designer of the Tricolour |date=December 2023 |publisher=Rythu Nestham Press |isbn=9789354734458 |edition=1st |location=Hyderabad, Telangana, India |publication-date=December 2023}}</ref>
* ''Kavitaa Bhaarathi'' ({{Langx|te|కవితా భారతి}}) is an anthology of translated poems to Telugu was published in January 2011<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Dr Venna Vallabha |url=https://www.amazon.in/Kavitaa-Bhaarathi-Dr-Venna-Vallabha/dp/B00HWWG6XY |title=Kavitaa Bhaarathi |date=2011-01-01 |publisher=Chiniku Prachuranalu |language=te}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=December 2013 |title=Loyolite 2013 |url=https://www.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/194f4605b9a4454efb1d4eb4c6937c73.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710214655/https://www.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/194f4605b9a4454efb1d4eb4c6937c73.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2022 |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=Andhra Loyola College}} [https://archive.org/details/loyola-archives/Loyolite%202013 Alt URL]</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Neeraja |first=Gurramkonda |date=27 August 2012 |title=हैदराबाद से: 21वीं सदी की हिंदी कविता का तेलुगु अनुवाद लोकार्पित |url=https://hyderabadse.blogspot.com/2012/08/21.html |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=हैदराबाद से}}</ref>
* ''Arigapudi Ramesh Chowdary - Jeevitam, Rachanalu'' ({{Langx|te|అరిగపూడి రమేష్ చౌదరి - జీవితం, రచనలు}}) is a book written in Telugu was published in July 2012.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2013 |title=59th Loyola College Day Report 2012-13 |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in%2Fdocuments%2Fec837627eefee77a9e9e1f98fc988627.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710214656/https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https://www.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/ec837627eefee77a9e9e1f98fc988627.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |archive-date=10 July 2022 |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=Andhra Loyola College}} [https://archive.org/details/loyola-archives/59th%20College%20Day%20Report%202012-13 Alt URL]</ref>
* ''Viraamamerugani Payanam'' ({{Langx|te|విరామమెరుగని పయనం}}) is a translated autobiography ''Khanabadosh'' of Punjabi writer Ajeet Cour to Telugu was published in January 2012.<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Cour |first=Ajeet |url=https://www.amazon.in/VIRAMAMERUGANI-PAYANAM-AJEET-COUR/dp/B07PKQ6VFQ |title=Viramamerugani Payanam |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Chinuku Publications |language=te |translator-last=Rao |translator-first=Dr Venna Vallabha}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=March 2014 |title=Loyolite 2014 |url=https://www.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/bac0cea4d6c71e7972dc16588a40aaad.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630215712/https://www.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/bac0cea4d6c71e7972dc16588a40aaad.pdf |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=Andhra Loyola College}} [https://archive.org/details/loyola-archives/Loyolite%202014 Alt URL]</ref>
* ''Saahitya Vaaradhi'' ({{Langx|te|సాహిత్య వారధి}}) is a collection of critical essays in Telugu was published in January 2011.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Dr Venna Vallabha |url=https://www.amazon.in/Saahitya-Vaaradhi-Dr-Venna-Vallabha/dp/B00HWWG6PC |title=Saahitya Vaaradhi |date=2011-01-01 |publisher=Chiniku Prachuranalu |language=Telugu}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Damodhar |date=2012-02-13 |title=Mandali Buddha Prasad: Book release by High court Justice Raghuram |url=https://buddhaprasadmandali.blogspot.com/2012/02/book-release-by-high-court-justice.html |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Mandali Buddha Prasad}}</ref>
* ''Telugu Bhasha, Sanskruti Chaitanya Yatralu'' ({{Langx|te|తెలుగు భాష, సంస్కృతీ చైతన్యయాత్రలు}}) written in Telugu by Dr. Venna Vallabha Rao and Dr. Gumma Sambasiva Rao was published in January 2009.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rao |first1=Dr Gumma Sambasiva |url=https://www.amazon.in/Telugu-Bhasha-Sanskruti-Chaitanya-Yatralu/dp/B00HWWAIII |title=Telugu Bhasha, Sanskruti Chaitanya Yatralu |last2=Rao |first2=Dr Venna Vallabha |date=2009-01-01 |publisher=Loknayak Foundation |language=Telugu}}</ref><ref name=":5" />
* ''YLP Intintai Vatudintayai...'' ({{Langx|te|వై.ఎల్.పి ఇంతింతై వటుడింతై...}}) written in Telugu about [[Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad]] by Dr. Venna Vallabha Rao on the occasion of Annual Meeting of "Mitrama Swagatam" (Alumni Meeting of ANR College, Gudivada 1971-78 Batches) was published in February 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2019 |title=YLP Intintai Vatudintai... |url=http://ylp.news/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/YLP-Intintai-Vatudintayai.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718195134/http://ylp.news/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/YLP-Intintai-Vatudintayai.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=YLP News}} [https://archive.org/download/venna-vallabha-rao-books/YLP-Intintai-Vatudintayai.pdf Alt URL]</ref>
* ''Maro Kunti - Naati Neti Hindi Kathalu'' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: మరో కుంతి - నాటి నేటి హిందీ కథలు) written in Telugu is a translated collection of Hindi short stories was published in January 2024.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venna |first=Vallabha Rao |title=Maro Kunti |publisher=Rythu Nestham Press |year=2023 |isbn=978-93-6128-743-5 |edition=1st |location=Hyderabad, Telangana, India |publication-date=2023 |language=te}}</ref>

=== Hindi ===

* ''Bhagwati Charan Verma ke Upanyason mein Vyakti aur Samaj'' ({{langx|hi|भगवती चरण वर्मा के उपन्यासों में व्यक्ति और समाज}}) is [[Ph.D]] thesis of Venna Vallabha Rao which earned him the Doctorate degree from Andhra University. The book was published in December 2006.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
* ''Pingali Venkayya'' ({{langx|hi|पिंगलि वेंकय्या}}) is a book written in Hindi about [[Flag of India|Indian National Flag]] designer [[Pingali Venkayya]] was published in September 2015.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venna |first=Vallabha Rao |url=https://www.amazon.in/Pingali-Venkayya-Venna-Vallabha-Rao/dp/B01AWINX58 |title=Pingali Venkayya |date=2015-09-02 |publisher=Emesco Books |language=Telugu}}</ref>
* ''Chote Kumar'' ({{langx|hi|छोटे कुमार}}) is a Hindi translation of Telugu book ''China babu'' written by Polavarapu Koteswara Rao was published in May 2010.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venna |first=Vallabha Rao |title=Chote Kumar |publisher=[[Milind Prakashan]] |year=2006 |isbn=81-86907-51-3 |edition=1st |location=Hyderabad, Telangana |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
* ''21veen Shatabdee ki Telugu Kavitha'' ({{langx|hi|21वीण शताब्दी की तेलुगु कविता}}) is a translation of contemporary Telugu poetry to Hindi was published in November 2013.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Prakashan |first=Milind |title=21veen Shatabdee ki Telugu Kavitha |trans-title=21st Century Telugu Poetry|publisher=[[Milind Prakashan]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-81-86907-99-3 |edition=1st |location=Hyderabad, Telangana |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":12" />
* ''Corona kaa Kohraam'' ({{langx|hi|कोरोना का कोहराम - चलपाका प्रकाश के नन्हें मुक्तक}}) is a Hindi translation of Telugu book ''Corona Naanilu'' by Chalapaka Prakash was published in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2022 |title=Corona Kaa Koharaam Book Launch |url=https://sanchika.com/corona-kaa-koharam-book-release-event-report/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Sanchika}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Venna |first=Vallabha Rao |title=Corona kaa Kohraam |date=December 2022 |publisher=Chalapaka Prakash |isbn=9789356368064 |edition=1st |location=Vijayawada |publication-date=December 2022 |language=hi}}</ref>
* ''Mahaashunya'' ({{langx|hi|महाशून्य}}) is a Hindi translation of Telugu poems book ''Mahaashunyam'' by [[Deerghasi Vizai Bhaskar]] was published in December 2023.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venna |first=Vallabha Rao |title=Mahaashunya |date=December 2023 |publisher=Pilgrims Publishing |isbn=9789350764169 |edition=1st |location=Varanasi |publication-date=December 2023 |language=hi |trans-title=Mahaashunya}}</ref>
* ''Hawa ka Rang'' (Hindi: हवा का रंग) is a Hindi translation of ''Gaali Rangu'' written by [[Devi Priya]] in Telugu was published in January 2024.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venna |first=Vallabha Rao |title=Hawaa ka Rang |date=2024 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi Publications |language=hi}}</ref>

== Recognition ==

* [[Pondicherry University]], [[Kalapet]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]] has incorporated the book "''21vee Shatabdee ki Telugu Kavitha''’’({{langx|hi|21वीण शताब्दी की तेलुगु कविता}})<ref name=":3" /> (Course Code: HIND 577) for M.A. (Hindi) program.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Pondicherry University MA Hindi Syllabus |url=https://www.pondiuni.edu.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Syllabus_M.A-Hindi-2020-21.pdf |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=Pondicherry University}}</ref>
* [[Balbharati]] (The Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune) has incorporated 3 articles written by Dr. Vallabha Rao as lessons in curriculum for classes X, XI and XII of Telugu Medium Schools in state of [[Maharashtra]], India.
** Article titled ''Keerthi Chakra - Jagadish Chand'' ({{Langx|te|కీర్తిచక్ర - జగదీష్ చంద్}}) was added to ''Kumara Bharati'' (Class X Telugu textbook) as a prose lesson.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Kumara Bharati Class X Telugu Textbook |url=http://books.balbharati.in/pdfs/1009030024.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191200/http://books.balbharati.in/pdfs/1009030024.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=Balbharati}} [https://archive.org/download/balbharati-telugu-textbooks/Kumara%20Bharati%2010.pdf Alt URL]</ref>
** Article titled ''Saahasa Mahilala Saagarayaanam'' ({{Langx|te|సాహస మహిళల సాగరయానం}}) was added to ''Yuva Bharati'' (Class XI Telugu textbook) as a prose lesson.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Yuva Bharati Class XI Telugu Textbook |url=http://books.balbharati.in/pdfs/1109040026.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190831/http://books.balbharati.in/pdfs/1109040026.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=Balbharati}} [https://archive.org/download/balbharati-telugu-textbooks/Yuva%20Bharati%2011.pdf Alt URL]</ref>
** Article titled ''Antariksha Vignananiki Velugubaata - Sriharikota'' ({{Langx|te|అంతరిక్ష విజ్ఞానానికి వెలుగుబాట - శ్రీహరికోట}}) was added to ''Yuva Bharati'' (Class XII Telugu textbook) as a prose lesson.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Yuva Bharati Class XII Telugu Textbook |url=http://books.balbharati.in/pdfs/1209040026.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627055054/http://books.balbharati.in/pdfs/1209040026.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=Balbharati}} [https://archive.org/download/balbharati-telugu-textbooks/Yuva%20Bharati%2012.pdf Alt URL]</ref>
* Dr. Vallabha Rao served as a member of Board of Studies for the following institutions in [[Andhra Pradesh]]:<ref name=":9" />
** [http://stcelr.ac.in/ Ch S.D. St. Theresa's College for Women] (Autonomous), [[Eluru]].
** [http://pbsiddhartha.ac.in/ PB Siddhartha College of Arts & Science] (Autonomous), [[Vijayawada]] (University Nominee)
** [https://www.montessoricolleges.net/ Montessori Mahila Kalasala] (Autonomous), [[Vijayawada]].
** [https://www.agsgsc.edu.in/ AG & SG Siddhartha College], [[Vuyyuru]]<ref name=":9" />
** [http://www.siddharthamahila.ac.in/ Sri Durga Malleswara Siddartha Mahila Kalasala] College for Women (Autonomous),[[Vijayawada]]
** [https://jmjcollege.ac.in/ J.M.J College for Women] (Autonomous), [[Tenali]].
** [https://www.marisstella.ac.in/ Maris Stella College] (Autonomous), [[Vijayawada]] (University Nominee)
** P.G. Department of Hindi, [[Acharya Nagarjuna University]], [[Guntur]].<ref name=":5" />
** P.G. Department Of Hindi, [[Adikavi Nannaya University]], [[Rajahmundry]].
** [[Government Arts College, Rajahmundry|Government Arts College (Autonomous), Rajahmundry]].
*On the occasion of [[75th Anniversary of Indian Independence]], Pingali Venkayya was recognized and honored for his contributions for India. Dr. Vallabha Rao being author of the biography of Pingali Venkayya, was interviewed by [[The New Indian Express]] newspaper to shed some light on the facts about the freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2022 |title=Indian flag maker Pingali Venkayya: Soldier, scientist, polyglot, and selfless patriot |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/specials/2022/aug/15/indian-flag-maker-pingali-venkayya-soldier-scientist-polyglot-and-selfless-patriot-2487689.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817022118/https://www.newindianexpress.com/specials/2022/aug/15/indian-flag-maker-pingali-venkayya-soldier-scientist-polyglot-and-selfless-patriot-2487689.html |archive-date=17 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Indian flag maker Pingali Venkayya: Soldier, scientist, polyglot, and selfless patriot | date=15 August 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfZmrETmbEs |language=en |access-date=2022-08-17}}</ref>[[File:VVR - Sahitya Akademi Award.jpg|thumb|Dr. Venna Vallabha Rao receiving Sahitya Akademi Award in June 2018 at Guwahati, Assam.|225x225px]]

== Awards ==

* Hindi translation of Telugu play ''Nallanivadu'' received National Award in Annual National Level Competitions of [[All India Radio]] in 1986.
* Best Translation Award from [[Andhra Pradesh Hindi Academy]] in September 2011.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=March 2012 |title=58th Loyola College Day Report - 2011-2012 |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in%2Fdocuments%2Fe6fa4805ee48717a1550d53946439ab4.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710214654/https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https://www.andhraloyolacollege.ac.in/documents/e6fa4805ee48717a1550d53946439ab4.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |archive-date=10 July 2022 |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=Andhra Loyola College}} [https://archive.org/details/loyola-archives/58th%20College%20Day%20Report%20-%202011-2012 Alt URL]</ref>
* Received Sri Boyapati Nageswara Rao and Smt.Subhadra Devi Hindi Prachar Gurupeeth Award from Hindi Mahavidyalaya, Tenali in October 2011.<ref name=":10" />
* Honored with title ''"Anuvada Sahitya Ratna" ({{Langx|te|అనువాద సాహిత్య రత్న}})'' from [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnv4JqTTTdX6Y2bi5BuuaKQ Andhra Arts Academy], Vijayawada in July 2014.
* Translation Prize (Telugu) from [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize|Sahitya Akademi]] in 2017.<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Ugadi Puraskaram]]'' received from [[Andhra Pradesh]] State Government in 2017.
* Acharya Gangappa Sahitya Puraskaram in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=Acharya Gangappa Sahitya Award for Venna Vallabha Rao in Guntur |url=https://epaper.sakshi.com/Guntur_East?eid=33&edate=14/11/2025&pgid=742729&device=desktop&view=3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/httpsepaper.sakshi.comguntur_easteid33edate14112025pgid742729device |archive-date=2026-02-18 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Sakshi E-Paper}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Telugu writers]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]

Vatsala Thirumalai

2026-03-08T19:35:36Z

AngelesEller0: done

{{Short description|Scientist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Vatsala Thirumalai
| birth_place = India
| fields = Neuroscience, Developmental Biology
| workplaces = National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR
| alma_mater = Anna University (B.Tech) Brandeis University (Ph.D.)
| known_for = Research on neural circuits and motor control in zebrafish
| awards = Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (2020) Asian Scientist 100 (2021)
}}
'''Vatsala Thirumalai''' is a scientist at Neural Circuits and Development Laboratory, [[National Centre for Biological Sciences]], [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], Bengaluru.<ref name="ssb" /> She secured B Tech degree in [[biotechnology]] from [[Anna University, Chennai]] and PhD degree in [[neuroscience]] from [[Brandeis University]], Waltham, MA. She was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY and the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

==Research==
The research at Neural Circuits and Development Laboratory which Vatsala Thirumali heads is focused on studying the working of the neural circuits that cause physical movements in animals. The lab has chosen the [[zebrafish]], a fish endemic to the Ganges, for intensive study because of the transparent nature of their body during the embryonic and larval stages. This helps direct visual observation of the interiors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neural control of movement during development and in adulthood |url=https://www.ncbs.res.in/faculty/vatsala-research |website=National Centre for Biological Sciences |publisher=TIFR |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aswathi Pacha |title=Zebrafish reveal how to run faster |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/zebrafish-reveal-how-to-run-faster/article30951521.ece |work=The Hindu |date=29 February 2020 |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref>

==Awards==
Vatsala Thirumalai was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] in [[Biological Sciences]] in 2020 for her contributions towards understanding communication and modulation of neuronal function.<ref name="ssb">{{cite web |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=573 |website=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology |publisher=CSIR Human Resource Development Group |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref> The following year, Thirumalai became a laureate of the [[Asian Scientist 100]] by the ''[[Asian Scientist]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianscientist.com/as100/ |title=The Asian Scientist 100 |author=  |date= |website= |publisher= [[Asian Scientist]] |access-date= 13 March 2025 |quote= |language= }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{google scholar id|eFI3FG4AAAAJ}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thirumalai, Vatsala}}
[[Category:Indian women biologists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Anna University alumni]]
[[Category:Brandeis University alumni]]

{{morecat|date=June 2024}}

Aashiq

2026-03-07T20:45:34Z

AngelesEller0: Done

{{wikt|ashiq}}
'''Aashiq''', a word meaning one who practices [[ishq]] (love) in [[Urdu]] and [[Hindi]], may refer to:

==People==
*[[Aashiq Ali (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Ashiqur Rahman (disambiguation)|Ashiqur Rahman]], multiple people
*[[Ashiquzzaman|Ashiq-uz-Zaman]], multiple people
*[[Aashiq Elahi Meerthi]] (1881–1941), Indian Islamic scholar, biographer, translator and writer
*[[Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri]] (1925–2002), Indian Islamic scholar and author
*[[Ashiq Hussain Qureshi]] (1949–2019), Pakistani cricketer and politician
*[[Aashiq Abu]] (born 1978), Indian film director, producer, actor and distributor in Malayalam cinema
*[[Ashiq Husain Khan]] (born 1984), Pakistani politician
*[[Ashiq Usman]] (born 1986), Indian film producer and actor
*[[Ashiq Khan]] (born 1993), Pakistani filmmaker
*[[Ashique Kuruniyan]] (born 1997), Indian footballer
*[[Mohamed Ashik]] (born 2004), Indian child prodigy
*[[Ashik Chowdhury]] (born 1984), Bangladeshi economist, banker and chartered financial analyst
*[[Syed Ashik Rahman]], Bangladeshi chief executive officer of RTV
*[[Sardar Ashiq Hussain]], Pakistani politician
*[[Syed Ashiq Hussain Bukhari]], Pakistani politician
*[[Ashiq Hussain Faktoo]], Kashmiri separatist leader
*[[Ashik Punchoo]] (born 1976), Indian-Mauritian footballer

==Arts and entertainment==
*[[Aashiq (1962 film)|''Aashiq'' (1962 film)]], an Indian Hindi-language film by Hrishikesh Mukherjee
*[[Aashiq (2001 film)|''Aashiq'' (2001 film)]], an Indian Hindi-language film by Indra Kumar
*[[Aashiq Sawney]], a fictional character from the British soap opera ''Doctors''

==See also==
*[[Ashik]], bards in the Caucasus and Anatolia
*[[Aşık]], a Turkish name
*''[[Aashik Awara]]'', a 1993 Indian Hindi-language film
*''[[Aashiq Banaya Aapne]]'', a 2005 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film
*''[[Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka]]'', a 1977 Indian Hindi-language film
*''[[Aashiq Biwi Ka]]'', an Indian television series
*''[[Ashiq Vanna Divasam]]'', a 2018 Indian film
*[[Aashiqui (disambiguation)]]
*[[Ishq (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig}}

[[Category:Bangladeshi masculine given names]]
[[Category:Indian masculine given names]]
[[Category:Pakistani masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]
[[Category:Arabic-language masculine given names]]

Ninade Nenapu

2026-03-04T07:31:00Z

AngelesEller0: created basic data and citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ninade Nenapu
| image = Ninade Nenapu.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = [[Madan Patel]]
| writer = Madan Patel Raghu G Ram V Anand
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = M Chinmayi C Chandrachari
| starring = [[Mayur Patel]] Maya
| narrator =
| cinematography = Venus Murthy
| editing = Yathish Kumar V.
| music = Adi (Mahesh Patel) Ram Sampath
| studio = Chinmayi Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|08|10|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chiloka.com/movie/ninade-nenapu-2007|title=Ninade Nenapu|work=Chiloka|access-date=22 June 2024|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622052556/https://chiloka.com/movie/ninade-nenapu-2007|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ninade Nenapu''''' is a 2007 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Madan Patel]] and starring [[Mayur Patel]] and newcomer Maya. The film's title is based on a song from ''[[Raja Nanna Raja]]'' (1976).{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Cast ==
*[[Mayur Patel]] as Vijay
*Maya as Shilpa
*[[Ananth Nag]]
*[[Harish Raj]] as Raj
*[[Renukamma Murgod]]

==Production==
Maya from London made her debut through this film.<ref name="T"/>

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by Adi (Mahesh Patel) and Ram Sampath.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHNQgzqfVns|title=Ninade Nenapu Kannada Movie Songs - Video Jukebox {{!}} Mayur Patel {{!}} Maya|work=YouTube|date=4 September 2023|access-date=22 June 2024|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622055145/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHNQgzqfVns|url-status=live}}</ref> The song "Heegeke Naninda" is inspired from "Dole Dole" from ''[[Pokiri]]'' (2006).<ref name="I"/>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Heegeke Nange
| music1 = Adi
| lyrics1 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| extra1 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
| title2 = Yaare Sakhi Ninna Sakha
| music2 = Adi
| lyrics2 = Anand V
| extra2 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| title3 = Ibbaniyali Mindide
| music3 = Ram Sampath
| lyrics3 = Vishweshwara Bhat
| extra3 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| title4 = O Nanna Geleyane
| music4 = Adi
| lyrics4 = Manjunath Rao
| extra4 = Sona
| title5 = Naana Kane
| lyrics5 = Manjunath Rao
| music5 = Adi
| extra5 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| title6 = Heegeke Naninda
| lyrics6 = Manjunath Rao
| music6 = Ram Sampath
| extra6 = Rajesh Krishnan
| title7 = Naana Kane
| lyrics7 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| music7 = Adi
| extra7 = Chaithra, Nithin Shastry
| title8 = Heegeke Naninda
| lyrics8 = Manjunath Rao
| music8 = Adi
| extra8 = Chaithra, Sathish Aryan
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "AFTER several experiments, the father-son duo of Madan and Mayur Patel has finally made a good movie. While Madan has deftly executed the story, screenplay and direction, Mayur shows good screen presence".<ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/ninade-nenapu/movie-review/2328371.cms|title=Ninade Nenapu|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 June 2024|archive-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621082150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/ninade-nenapu/movie-review/2328371.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' rated the film one out of five stars and that "''Ninade Nenapu'' ends up as a mediocre film and unfortunately Mayur may well have to wait for a right break as even his father has failed to deliver him a good script".<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/4246/kannada/nenade-nenapu/1307/review.htm|title=Nenade Nenapu Review|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|date=2 September 2007|access-date=22 June 2024|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622042213/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/4246/kannada/nenade-nenapu/1307/review.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "In a nutshell, this mediocre film has no soul".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/03ninade.htm|title=''Ninade Nenapu'': No soul|date=3 September 2007|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=22 June 2024|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|archive-date=1 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201080615/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/03ninade.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14287970}}

[[Category:2007 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Kudumbam (1954 film)

2026-03-04T05:06:17Z

AngelesEller0: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kudumbam
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Jampana
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay = M. S. Subramaniam A. L. Narayanan
| story = Jampana
| based_on =
| starring = Sri Ram [[G. Varalakshmi]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Jampana Nandi Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1954|ref1=<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1954-ல் வெளியான படப்பட்டியல் - தயாரிப்பாளர்கள் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202032844/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954.asp |archive-date=2 February 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil |access-date=13 November 2017 }}</ref>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kudumbam''''' ({{translation|Family}}) is a [[List of Tamil films of 1954|1954]] Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by Jampana. The film stars Sri Ram and [[G. Varalakshmi]].<ref name="neelamegam">{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=69–70 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Dharmalingam is a clerk in a pawn shop. His wife is Seetha and they have a son, Rajendran. Dharmalingam finds it difficult to meet ends with his meagre salary. Seetha's father Veeraiah visits them and realises the family's financial problems. He tells his daughter Seetha that he wants Rajendran, when he grows up, to marry his grand-daughter Sarada. ie: his son Ramanna's daughter. Veeraiah takes Rajendran with him.
Ramesh is the son of a Zamindar. One day he cleverly steals a diamond necklace from the pawn shop. Dharmalingam is charged with the theft and sent to jail. Seetha takes refuge with her brother Ramanna. Though Ramanna and father Veeraiah are sympathetic towards her, Ramanna's wife Kamatchi ill-treats her. Seetha goes away with son Rajendran and lives a simple life in a hut. Rajendran grows up and joins a college. Sarada also now grown up and joins the same college. They meet and fall in love with each other. Ramesh returns from abroad after studies. Dharmalingam is released from jail and he goes to work as a domestic aid in Ramesh's house. He waits for a chance to take revenge. Kamatchi is trying to marry daughter Sarada to Ramesh as he is a rich man. Ramesh learns about the love affair between Rajendran and Sarada and gets furious. How things are sorted out forms the rest of the story.<ref name=songbook>{{Cite book|title=Kudumbam Song Book|publisher=Srimagal Press, Chennai-1|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNcGZORF92RVI4dVE/view}}</ref>

== Cast ==
List adapted from the song book.<ref name=songbook />
{{Col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male Cast
* Sri Ram {{small|as}} Rajendran
* [[K. A. Thangavelu]] {{small|as}} Veeraiah
* [[T. S. Durairaj]] {{small|as}} Ramanna
* [[C. H. Narayana Rao]] {{small|as}} Dharmalingam
* [[T. K. Ramachandran]] {{small|as}} Ramesh
* [[Kaka Radhakrishnan|T. V. Radhakrishnan]] {{small|as}} Singaram
* C. D. Kannabhiran {{small|as}} Sekar
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
* [[G. Varalakshmi]] {{small|as}} Seetha
* [[Savitri (actress)|K. Savithri]] {{small|as}} Sarada
* [[M. R. Santhanalakshmi]] {{small|as}} Lakshmi
* [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] {{small|as}} Meena
* [[C. K. Saraswathi]] {{small|as}} Kamatchi
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was produced by Jambana Nandhi Productions and was directed by Jampana. M. S. Subramaniam and A. L. Narayanan wrote the story and dialogues. The film was produced in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] also with the title Menarikam.

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] and the lyrics were penned by M. S. Subramaniam. [[Playback singer]]s are [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]], [[P. A. Periyanayaki]], [[P. Leela]], [[Jikki]], [[P. Susheela|Ssheela]], [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[A. M. Rajah|Rajah]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]], M. S. Rama Rao and Nageswara Rao.<ref name=songbook />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Duration (m:ss)
|-
| "Pandigai Dhinamithadah" || M. L. Vasanthakumari ||
|-
| "Naalidhuve Nan Naalidhuve" || A. M. Rajah ||
|-
| "Azhuthu Azhuthu Sorndha" || P. Leela ||
|-
| "Ulagile Thanimanithanukku Unavum" || ||
|-
| "Kanneeril Un Kathaiyum" || ||
|-
| "Pagaliravum Paaraamal" || ||
|-
| "Paartheeraa Ivar Sarasam" || Ghantasala & P. Leela || 03:11
|-
| "Yeh Kutti Ennai" || Nageswara Rao & P. Susheela ||
|-
| "Ambuli Maamaa Shokku Paarka" || A. M. Rajah & Jikki || 03:11
|-
| "Anandamey Anandam" || Jikki ||
|-
| "Pudhumalar Roja Naaney" || P. A. Periyanayaki ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1954 Indian films]]
[[Category:1954 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Pendyala (composer)]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Kattradhu Thamizh

2026-03-03T04:37:42Z

AngelesEller0: corrected citations to improve readability and corrected details for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kattradhu Thamizh.jpg
| director = [[Ram (director)|Ram]]
| writer = Ram
| caption = Promotional poster
| producer = Salmara Mohammad Sharief
| starring = [[Jiiva]] [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] [[Karunas]] [[Azhagam Perumal]]
| cinematography = [[S. R. Kathir]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| studio = MR Film Productions
| released = {{film date|df=y|2007|10|6}}
| runtime = 147 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Kattradhu Thamizh''''' ({{translation|Learnt Tamil}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[psychological drama]] film written and directed by [[Ram (director)|Ram]], in his directorial debut. Produced by Salmara Mohammad Sharief, it stars [[Jiiva]], [[Anjali (actress born 1986)|Anjali]] and [[Karunas]]. The film is about an ordinary young Tamil-postgraduate, who becomes a tortured victim of Chennai's gentrification, fuelled by the booming [[Information technology in India|IT industry]], slowly losing his mental balance and becoming a psychopath

The film was released on 5 October 2007, to unanimous critical acclaim. Although the film was not commercially successful at the time of release, it has since become a cult classic.

==Plot==
Prabhakar ([[Jiiva]]) is a Tamil teacher in a private school in west Mambalam area of Chennai, who leads a lonely life in a lodge. He is frustrated and even tries to commit suicide, in a system where knowing one's mother tongue and teaching it is looked down upon by a society craving for material benefits and imbalance in pay structure.

The narration is mostly in a series of flashbacks. Prabhakar, for no fault of his, is at the receiving end, terrorised by cops and on the run after killing a railway booking clerk in a fit of rage. He roams all around the country and joins some ''[[sadhu]]s'', high on pot and also grows his hair long and keeps a shaggy beard. Finally, he wants to exorcise the devils within and at gunpoint kidnaps a television anchor Yuvaan-Suang ([[Karunas]]), who records his life story, in which he confesses to killing 22 people in cold blood.

In the flashback, he reveals his past, his upbringing by a Tamil teacher Poobaal Raavar ([[Azhagam Perumal]]) and his childhood sweetheart Anandhi ([[Anjali (actress born 1986)|Anjali]]), who becomes an obsession for him later in his life. The love between Prabhakar and Anandhi is shown in flashes when Prabhakar is narrating his story to Yuvaan-Suang.

Prabhakar lives in a village and develops a friendship with a neighbouring girl named Anandhi. After a few years, Anandhi's family relocates, and Prabhakar's childhood is marred by tragic events as he loses his mother and grandparents in an accident. His father, a soldier, enrolls him in a boarding school before leaving. There, Prabhakar bonds with Poobal after some initial mischief. Gradually, he begins to see Poobal as a father figure. As the years pass, Prabhakar matures into a young man with a growing interest in Tamil, his favourite subject taught by his beloved teacher.

After completing 12th grade, Prabhakar learns of the tragic death of his beloved teacher, Poobal, in an accident and travels to pay his last respects. There, he encounters Anandhi, whose father also died in the same accident, arguing with another family for a chance to see her father's body. Prabhakar intervenes, engaging in a fistfight to ensure justice is served. This incident deepens the bond between Prabhakar and Anandhi, leading them to meet regularly.

Prabhakar enrolls in college, where his choice to study Tamil is ridiculed by his roommate and a few others. Anandhi's mother does not object to her daughter's affection for Prabhakar, viewing him as a potential source of financial support. At one point, she sells Prabhakar's motorcycle to cover her expenses, but he does not mind. After a few years, Anandhi and her mother are forced to move to her uncle's house in North India due to financial difficulties. Initially, Prabhakar loses contact with her but eventually traces her back to her uncle's home.

Anandhi manages to find Prabhakar, and they share a poignant moment at her uncle's house, where Prabhakar inquires about her health, and Anandhi asks about the time of his departure. He buys her some clothes and promises to keep in touch. However, after a few exchanges of letters, he loses contact with her again.

Meanwhile, Prabhakar secures a job as a Tamil teacher and begins living in a lodge. He struggles with a meager salary and loses focus in his personal life. One night, he intimidates a call centre employee who flees after failing to recite the Tamil verses that a drunken Prabhakar gives him. Following this incident, he encounters a police inspector and is arrested for smoking in public. After being released, he attempts suicide but fails. The police later try to frame him on false charges, but Prabhakar manages to escape and unintentionally kills a railway clerk.

At one point in his life, Prabhakar reconnects with Anandhi, who has become a prostitute. He rescues her from her pimps at gunpoint and plans to leave the city with her to return to his hometown. He leaves her at a women's hostel before encountering Yuvaan-Suang.

The police catch wind of Prabhakar and attempt to apprehend him in his hometown. In a tragic turn of events, both Prabhakar and Anandhi hold hands and run toward an oncoming train, committing suicide at the same spot where Prabhakar's dog died during his childhood.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Jiiva]] as Prabhakar
* [[Anjali (actress born 1986)|Anjali]] as Anandhi
* [[Karunas]] as Yuvaan-Suang
* [[Azhagam Perumal]] as Poobaal Raavar
* [[Sree Raam]] as Young Prabhakar
* Venba as Young Anandhi (credited as Keerthi)
* Mani K. Surya as Murugan
* Kaka Gopal as Kanakasabapathy
* Umapathi as Suryanarayanan
* [[Ganesh Babu]] as Navanitha Gopal
* Guru as Gnana Guru
* Kadhal Kannan as Anandha Rangan
* Arulmani as Postman
* Bhuvana as Anandhi's mother
* [[Senthi Kumari]] as Prabhakar's mother
* Saravanan as Prabhakar's father
* Anuradha as Prabhakar's grandmother
* Nandhu as Psychiatrist
* Birla Bose as Inspector
* Karnaa Radha as Writer
* S. S. Anand as Anandhi's uncle
* [[Mari Selvaraj]] as George (uncredited)
}}

==Production==
The film is the directorial debut of Ram, an erstwhile assistant of [[Balu Mahendra]]. It was initially titled ''Tamil M.A.'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2006 |title=Jeeva dons 4 roles in ‘Thamizh MA’ |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/26082006-6.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061018072422/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/26082006-6.shtml |archive-date=18 October 2006 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> but later changed to ''Kattradhu Thamizh'' with ''Tamil M.A.'' as the tagline to get exempted from the entertainment taxation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/a-name-change-news-tamil-kkfu59hceab.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022145514/http://www.sify.com/movies/a-name-change-news-tamil-kkfu59hceab.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 October 2012 |title=A name change! |website=[[Sify]] |date=26 September 2007 |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> When approached to play the lead role, [[Jiiva]] was initially reluctant, feeling he lacked the maturity to play such a "heavy" role, but agreed after numerous discussions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2007 |title='I always give my 200 per cent' |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/15slde2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415103031/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/15slde2.htm |archive-date=15 April 2021 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> He grew a full length beard for playing the lead role and cited the hardships during the shoots of the film, which he considered as his most painful experience and a "torturous affair".<ref name="rediffint">{{cite web |date=15 October 2007 |title='I am trying to unleash a lot of things that are remaining dormant inside me' |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/15slde4.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908042820/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/15slde4.htm |archive-date=8 September 2012 |access-date=9 January 2011 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> He revealed that he even had to undergo therapy to "come out of the character" as it was "too emotional".<ref name="rediffint" /><ref>{{cite web |date=15 October 2007 |title='I had to undergo therapy to come out of the character' |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/15slde5.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908042931/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/15slde5.htm |archive-date=8 September 2012 |access-date=9 January 2011 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2007 |title='The whole film was too emotional for me' |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/15slde6.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319225209/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/15slde6.htm |archive-date=2016-03-19 |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] debuted in Tamil cinema with this film.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=6 October 2007 |title=Realistic film |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/10/06/stories/2007100650090300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230233939/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/10/06/stories/2007100650090300.htm |archive-date=30 December 2007 |access-date=19 October 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film was shot for nearly a year across [[Maharashtra]], Andhra Pradesh, [[Kerala]] and [[Chennai]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=14536296&cid=2408 |title='A path breaking film': Jeeva |website=[[Sify]] |date=20 January 2007 |access-date=9 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117115307/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=14536296&cid=2408 |archive-date=17 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and gained high anticipation in its finishing stage, mainly due to Jeeva's looks in the promotional stills,<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/four-releases-this-friday-news-tamil-kkfu3Ijfaed.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022145611/http://www.sify.com/movies/four-releases-this-friday-news-tamil-kkfu3Ijfaed.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 October 2012 |title=Four releases this Friday |website=[[Sify]] |date=3 October 2007 |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> and Ram's controversial statements at the film's soundtrack release, who cited that he had killed everyone who had hurt him during earlier days through the screenplay of the film.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=11 September 2007 |title=I killed those that I wanted to – 'Thamizh MA' director shocks! |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/11092007-6.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917160602/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/11092007-6.shtml |archive-date=17 September 2007 |access-date=19 October 2011 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by noted music composer [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] to the lyrics written by [[Na. Muthukumar]], which was released on 10 September 2007 under the film's previous title, ''Tamil MA''.<ref name=":1" /> It features five tracks, including one sung by his father, [[Ilaiyaraaja]], which was hailed mostly as the pick of the album.<ref name=":2" />

Yuvan Shankar Raja won accolades and high praise as the soundtrack received universal critical acclaim and was described as a "musical sensation", a "must-listen for all musical freaks",<ref name="Musicindiaonline">{{Cite web |title=Audio Review : Tamil M A – Yuvan's symphonies shine through! |url=http://www.musicindiaonline.com/ar/i/movie_name/9327/0/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208005105/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/ar/i/movie_name/9327/0/ |archive-date=8 December 2008 |access-date=23 April 2009 |website=MusicIndiaOnLine.com}}</ref> a "fascinating album" <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Srinivas |first=Saraswathy |date=3 October 2007 |title=Thamizh MA's maestro sings for son |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/03sssouth.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505070511/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/03sssouth.htm |archive-date=5 May 2008 |access-date=6 August 2009 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> and "a solid and stirring triumph of Yuvan’s composing skills".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=11 September 2007 |title=Tamil M.A (Tamil – Yuvan Shankar Raja) |url=http://itwofs.com/milliblog/2007/09/11/tamil-ma-tamil-yuvan-shankar-raja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712044216/http://itwofs.com/milliblog/2007/09/11/tamil-ma-tamil-yuvan-shankar-raja |archive-date=12 July 2009 |access-date=23 April 2009 |website=[[Milliblog]] |publisher=}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s)!! Length
|-
| "Innum Oru Iravu" || [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] || 5:56
|-
| "Unakkagathane Intha" || Yuvan Shankar Raja || 4:50
|-
| "Para Para Pattaampoochi" || [[Rahul Nambiar]] || 4:06
|-
| "Paravaiye Engu Irukkiraai" || [[Ilayaraaja]] || 6:07
|-
| "Vaazhkai Enbathu" || [[Shankar Mahadevan]] || 3:36
|}

==Release and reception==
The film was initially scheduled for releasing on 28 September 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2007 |title=Tamizh M.A is ready! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamizh-m-a-is-ready-news-tamil-kkfuAjfacia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20121022145701/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamizh-m-a-is-ready-news-tamil-kkfuAjfacia.html |archive-date=22 October 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> It was released a week later, on 5 October alongside ''[[Pasupathi c/o Rasakkapalayam]]'', ''[[Thavam]]'' and ''[[Veeramum Eeramum]]''.<ref name=":0" /> Pavithra Srinivasan of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that ''Kattradhu Thamizh'' was a "hard-hitting film", while giving it 3.5 out of 5. She praised debutant director Ram and actor Jeeva's performance as Prabhakar, who she says, "leads you through dimensions that are frankly amazing".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=5 October 2007 |title=Katrathu Thamizh is hard hitting |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/05kt.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022202641/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/05kt.htm |archive-date=22 October 2011 |access-date=8 March 2009 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Manasvini of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the acting of the star cast, Yuvan's music, Kathir's cinematography and Ram's direction but felt the protagonist's characterisation feels ambiguous and too many flashbacks confusing the viewers and concluded saying despite flaws, this film strongly conveyed love with depth and horrors of poverty with pain.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=மனஸ்வினி |date=28 October 2007 |title=கற்றது தமிழ் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-10-28/page/12/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240521153454/https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-10-28/page/12/mode/2up |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=21 May 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=12 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

==Accolades==
At the [[2nd Vijay Awards]], Anjali won the [[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actress|award for Best Debut Actress]], and [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] won for [[Vijay Award for Best Editor|Best Editor]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reliance Mobile Vijay Awards – The Awards Ceremony |url=http://www.starboxoffice.com/kollywood/vijayawards/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726022319/http://www.starboxoffice.com/kollywood/vijayawards/about.html |archive-date=26 July 2008 |access-date=6 August 2009 |website=starboxoffice.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Ram (director)}}
[[Category:2000s psychological drama films]]
[[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2007 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ram (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Works about gentrification]]

The Interview (2021 film)

2026-03-02T04:54:31Z

AngelesEller0: done

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Interview
| image = Cover_Story_(2011)_Hindi_Movie_key art.jpg

| alt =
| caption = Original tentative poster of the film
| director = Laurence Postma
| producer = Sunitha Ram Laurence Postma Ram Samtani Pappee Sangtani
| writer = Laurence Postma [[Farrukh Dhondy]]
| screenplay =
| starring = Anjum Nayar [[Jackie Shroff]]
| music = [[Monty Sharma]] [[Shamir Tandon]]
| cinematography = Uday Tiwari
| editing = Yule Rohan Kurup
| studio = Fourth Wall Entertainment Glorious Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|08}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''The Interview: Night of 26/11''''' (formerly titled '''Cover Story''') is a 2021 Indian [[Hindi]]-language thriller film directed by Laurence Postma and co-written by [[Farrukh Dhondy]] and starring Anjum Nayar and [[Jackie Shroff]]. It is the second official remake of the acclaimed Dutch film ''[[Interview (2003 film)|Interview]]'', directed by [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo Van Gogh]] in 2003,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desitara.com/blogs/moviesbollywood-coverstorymoviereview/tag/cover-story-hindi-movie-review/ |title=cover story hindi movie review | Jackie Shroff Cover Story Movie |publisher=Desitara.com |date=2011-08-16 |accessdate=2011-10-21 }}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> the first being ''[[Interview (2007 film)|Interview]]'' by [[Steve Buscemi]] in 2007. Originally planned to release in 2011, it was delayed for unspecified reasons and finally released in August 2021.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Interview: Night of 26/11 Official Trailer {{!}} Jackie Shroff {{!}} Anjum Nayar {{!}} Laurens Postma | date=28 July 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGluHdXVzec |access-date=2023-08-02 }}.</ref>

==Plot==
A successful film actress (Anjum Nayar) and a special assignment for a magazine ''Cover Story'', a one night account (on the [[26/11|night of 26/11]]) of an interview by a journalist (Jackie Shroff), a former [[war correspondent]], with the film star and the scoop that the correspondent gets for the publication.

==Cast==
*Anjum Nayar
*[[Jackie Shroff]]
*[[Yuri Suri]]

== Release ==

== Critical reception ==
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/the-interview-the-night-of-26-11-movie-review-bms-stream-a-film-whose-content-is-as-dubious-as-its-origins-rahul-desai | title=The Interview – the Night of 26/11 Review: A Film Whose Content is as Dubious as Its Origins | date=27 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/interview-night-2611-review-jackie-shroff-anjum-nayar-starrer-will-leave-you-confused-875074 | title=The Interview: Night of 26/11 Review: This Jackie Shroff & Anjum Nayar starrer will leave you confused | date=27 August 2021 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15170362}}
* {{IMDb title|tt1977737}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Interview (2021 film)}}
[[Category:Indian remakes of foreign films]]
[[Category:2021 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:2021 thriller films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shamir Tandon]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language thriller films]]
[[Category:Two-handers]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about journalism]]
[[Category:Films based on the 2008 Mumbai attacks]]
[[Category:Films about war correspondents]]
[[Category:Films about mass media in India]]
[[Category:Films about mass media people]]
[[Category:Remakes of Dutch films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Theo van Gogh (film director)]]

{{2020s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{2020s-thriller-film-stub}}

R Balasubramaniam

2026-02-24T16:21:49Z

AngelesEller0: created first article w/ infobox...

{{Short description|Indian writer and activist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Advert|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dr Ramaswami Balasubramaniam (Dr R Balu)
| image = Dr R Balu.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| education = MBBS from Mysore Medical College, Mysuru MPhil in Hospital and Health Systems Management at [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science]] Masters in Public Administration at [[John F. Kennedy School of Government]], [[Harvard University]]
| spouse =
| children =
| website = {{URL|drrbalu.com}}
}}

'''Dr Ramaswami Balasubramaniam''', known as '''Dr R Balu''', is a development scholar, author, public policy advocate, leadership trainer known for his development work with rural and tribal people in [[Saragur]] and [[Heggadadevana kote]] Taluks of [[Mysuru]] in [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. He founded [[Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement]] (SVYM), a development organization based in Saragur when he was 19.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About {{!}} SVYM (Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement) |url=https://svym.org/about-svym/#history |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=svym.org}}</ref> He is also the founder of the Grassroots Research And Advocacy Movement (GRAAM), a public policy think tank in Mysuru. After spending 26 years in development work among rural and tribal people, he pursued academic degrees in leadership, organisational development and public policy. He was the Frank T Rhodes professor<ref name=cornell>{{cite web|last1=Kelley|first1=Susan|title=International development expert named Rhodes professor|url=https://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2012/08/global-development-expert-named-rhodes-professor|website=cornell.edu|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=24 January 2015}}</ref> at [[Cornell University]] between 2012 and 2014, and has held academic positions in Cornell and other universities. His books ''Voices from the Grassroots'' and ''I, the citizen'' (2015) are compilation of narratives and reflections of a development expert. He published ''Power Within: The Leadership Legacy of Narendra Modi'' in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Power Within: The Leadership Legacy Of Narendra Modi |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-signs-copy-of-dr-r-balasubramaniams-book-power-within-the-leadership-legacy-of-narendra-modi/ |website=Dr R Balasubramaniam}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Balu studied medicine at [[Mysore Medical College & Research Institute|Mysore Medical College]]. He was involved in volunteer and rural healthcare work during his medical college days. He founded the [[Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement]] (SYVM) in 1984 while he was studying medicine. The organisation was inspired by the works of [[Swami Vivekananda]] and the values of [[Ahimsa]], [[Satya]], [[Selfless service|Seva]] and [[Tyaga]].

In 2009, he pursued a Masters in Public Administration from the John F Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University where he was the Mason Fellow.<ref name="HKS 2016">{{cite news|last1=Harvard Kennedy School|title=Ramaswami "Balu" Balasubramaniam MC/MPA 2010 ensures all stakeholders have a voice in policy|url=https://www.hks.harvard.edu/more/alumni/alumni-stories/expanding-human-capital-ground|accessdate=May 14, 2024|work=Harvard Kennedy School|date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> He was awarded a [[PhD]] in Leadership and Management by the [[Centurion University of Technology and Management]] (CUTM) in December 2025.

==Health and development==
As part of SVYM, he set up and operated projects on preventive, promotive and curative health care, water and sanitation, behavioural change communication, reproductive and child health and HIV-AIDS for marginalized rural and indigenous tribal communities. Working with local tribal communities, he conceived and operated an Integrated Development model for their economic growth. Under his leadership, SVYM started schools and developed community-based education programs that reached more than 50,000 rural children in different parts of Karnataka State. He fought for the rights of the tribal people in the [[Heggadadevana kote]] area by petitioning the [[National Human Rights Commission of India|National Human Rights Commission]] and ensured resolution of their demands. In 2008, he coordinated a community-led movement for good governance using the [[Right to Information Act]]. As part of this movement, he walked 350 km through 120 villages and trained and interacted with more than 200,000 people, encouraging them to use the RTI act as a tool for development.<ref name=padayatra>{{cite news|last1=Unknown|title='RTI activities' reach a new high|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/rti-activities-reach-a-new-high/article1349320.ece|accessdate=24 January 2015|work=The Hindu|date=October 1, 2008}}</ref> In 2013, he led a campaign to deepen democracy and create awareness of electoral issues, "Making Democracy Work", in Mysore district.<ref name="TOI 2013">{{cite news|last1=Times News Network|title=Awareness created to vote for the right candidate|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/Awareness-created-to-vote-for-the-right-candidate/articleshow/27674489.cms|accessdate=24 January 2015|work=The Times of India|date=December 20, 2013}}</ref>

==Public policy==
He was appointed as the special investigator for the Karnataka [[LokAyukta|Lok Ayukta]] and was responsible for investigating complaints of maladministration and corruption in the health and medical education sectors. In this position, he investigated issues related to corruption in the [[Public distribution system (India)|Public Distribution System]] between 2006 and 2011.<ref name=ET>{{cite news|last1=Jayadevan|first1=PK|title=Technology to bring down corruption and leakages in the public distribution system and other schemes|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-11/news/29876169_1_illegal-mining-ration-card-database-santosh-hegde|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150124225108/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-11/news/29876169_1_illegal-mining-ration-card-database-santosh-hegde|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 January 2015|accessdate=24 January 2015|work=Economic Times|agency=ET Bureau|date=August 11, 2011}}</ref>

Apart from his leadership role at SVYM, Balu engages in international motivational speaking and teaching engagements on adaptive leadership, among other topics. He teaches at several universities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Expanding human capital from the ground up |url=https://www.hks.harvard.edu/more/alumni/alumni-stories/expanding-human-capital-ground |website=Harvard Kennedy School |access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref>

He was a member of the Technical Group of Social Stock Exchange (SSE) constituted by the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]].<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news|title=SVYM and GRAAM founder appointed to SEBI committee|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/svym-and-graam-founder-appointed-to-sebi-committee/article32824162.ece|accessdate=20 July 2021|work=The Hindu|agency=The Hindu|date=October 11, 2020}}</ref> He is the chairman of the Social Stock Exchange Advisory Committee.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebiweb/about/AboutAction.do?doMember=yes&committeesId=73 | title=SEBI | Committee Members }}</ref>

==Capacity Building Commission==
In 2021, he was appointed to the Capacity Building Commission (CBC) of the Government of India as Member - Human Resources.<ref>{{cite web|title=Capacity Building Commission|url=https://dopttrg.nic.in/igotmk/CBC.html|work=Department of Personnel & Training, Govt of India}}</ref><ref name=BusinessStandardNews>{{cite news|title=Capacity Building Commission formed|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/capacity-building-commission-formed-adil-zainulbhai-appointed-as-chairman-121040200231_1.html|accessdate=July 20, 2021|work=Business Standard|agency=BS Web|date=April 2, 2021}}</ref> CBC is a part of the "Mission Karmayogi" - National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB).<ref name=PressInformationBureau>{{cite news|title=Cabinet approves "Mission Karmayogi"- National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB)|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1650633|accessdate=July 20, 2021|work=Press Information Bureau|agency=PIB|date=September 2, 2020}}</ref>

==Other work==
Balu conducts leadership workshops for private sector companies, [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]], government officials and students.<ref name="Leadership workshops at VILD">{{cite web|title=Leadership workshops at VILD|url=http://www.vild.edu.in/?q=content/leadership-global-citizenship-1|website=Vivekananda Institute For Leadership Development|accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cipa.cornell.edu/academics/Adjunct-Faculty.cfm?person=763&letter= |title=Balu's Profile on CIPA's Website |access-date=2015-02-07 |archive-date=2015-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613091708/http://www.cipa.cornell.edu/academics/Adjunct-Faculty.cfm?person=763&letter= |url-status=dead }}</ref> He co-founded Vivekanda Institute for Leadership Development (VLEAD) in 2002, and Vivekananda Institute of Indian Studies (VIIS) in 2008, in Mysore. VLEAD offers training programmes in management, community development and leadership. VLEAD is also involved in various development research activities. VIIS facilitates the study, research, development and dissemination of Indian culture, spirituality, dance, music, art and philosophy, by offering customised courses to Indian and international students. In 2011, Balu founded a public policy research institute called Grassroots Research & Advocacy Movement (GRAAM).<ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAAM |url=https://graam.org.in/home/whoweare |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=graam.org.in}}</ref> It is in Mysore.

In 2012, Balu was appointed as the Frank H. T. Rhodes Professor at Cornell University, NY, USA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International development expert named Rhodes professor {{!}} Cornell Chronicle |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2012/08/global-development-expert-named-rhodes-professor |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=news.cornell.edu |language=en}}</ref>

In 2015, Balu released a book based on a compilation of narratives and reflections of a development activist.<ref name=pib>{{cite web|last1=PIB|title=Dr. Jitendra Singh hails new genre of 'citizen-authors'|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=128348|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|accessdate=25 November 2015}}</ref> The book was crowd-funded and was released by an Indian minister of state in the prime minister's Office. Similar book launches were also held at Cornell University.<ref>{{Citation |title="i, the citizen" book launch, ILR School at Cornell University | date=10 September 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Z7ZZJ-L7Qc |access-date=2023-09-01 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, Balu published ''Power Within: The Leadership Legacy of Narendra Modi''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Power Within: The Leadership Legacy Of Narendra Modi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsRATrBUMp8&t=2710s |website=Dr R Balasubramaniam | date=9 June 2024 }}</ref>

In 2025, Dr Balu launched a think tank, India House, co-founded by alumni and faculty of various IITs, and he acts as a mentor to the organization. <ref>{{cite web |title= India House {{!}} Team |url=https://theindiahouse.org/ourteam}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
Balu was given the state youth award by the Government of Karnataka in 1988. He was honoured with the [[Paul P. Harris|Paul Harris Fellow]] by Rotary International in recognition of his contributions towards social service in 2000. In 2003, the [[Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham]] awarded him the Jayendra Saraswathi Award for his lifetime contribution to social work. In 2011, the [[Dainik Bhaskar]] group awarded him the India Pride awards for social development work. In January 2014, he received the Vivekananda Award for Human Excellence from the [[Ramakrishna Mission]]. In May 2014, the Society for Indian Medical Anthropology awarded him the Swasthya Seva Ratna Award for outstanding medical service to indigenous tribal communities.

In 2021, Dr R Balu was recognised as a faculty member who contributed most significantly to the [[Cornell University|Cornell]] experience of the Merrill Presidential Scholars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merrill Scholars thank educators who shaped Cornell journeys {{!}} Cornell Chronicle |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2021/05/merrill-scholars-thank-educators-who-shaped-cornell-journeys |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=news.cornell.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=20210524_Merrill Presidential Scholars |url=https://vod.video.cornell.edu/media/20210524_Merrill+Presidential+Scholars/1_fm5doxka |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=Video on Demand |language=en}}</ref> His association with the [[Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations]] (ILR) and the genesis of ILR's Global Service Learning Summer Program <ref>{{Cite web |title=ILR India Global Service Learning Program at SVYM {{!}} Find Your Opportunity |url=https://experience.cornell.edu/opportunities/ilr-india-global-service-learning-program-svym |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=experience.cornell.edu}}</ref> was covered as one of the stories of the 75th-anniversary celebrations of the school.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Ramaswami "Balu" Balasubramaniam|url=https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/75/our-stories/dr-ramaswami-balu-balasubramaniam|website=ilr.cornell.edu|date=5 February 2021 }}</ref>

In August 2024, Dr R Balu was awarded a Doctor of Letters ([[Honoris Causa]]) by the Nrupathunga University for his in the field of social work with rural and tribal people.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nrupathunga University to hold first convocation in Bengaluru |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/nrupathunga-university-to-hold-first-convocation-in-bengaluru-on-august-21/article68542402.ece |work=The Hindu |date=19 August 2024 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref>

== Publications ==
* ''Fighting Corruption: The Way Forward'' (Academic Foundation, 2013)
* ''Swami Vivekananda: The Benefactor of the Masses'' (Ramkrishna Mission Institute of Culture, 2013)
* "Swami Vivekananda: The Prophet of Service" in ''Swami Vivekananda: The Charm of His Personality and Message''. R Balasubramaniam (Balu), Swami Atmashradhananda (Sri Ramakrishna Math, 2014)
* ''The Disease Called Corruption'' (Vismaya Publications, 2011)
* ''Swami Vivekananda: As I See Him'' (Graam, 2014)
* ''Hosa Kanasu (New Dreams)'' (Graam, 2014)
* ''I, the Citizen'' (Graam, 2015)
* ''Voices from the Grassroots'' (Graam, 2018)
* ''Leadership Lessons for Daily Living'' (Graam, 2020)
* ''Power Within: The Leadership Legacy Of Narendra Modi'' (Penguin Random House India, 2024)

==See also==
*[[Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement]]
*[[Swami Vivekananda]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balasubramaniam, Ramaswami}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Harvard Kennedy School alumni]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]

1986 Kashmir riots

2026-02-20T19:11:23Z

AngelesEller0: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|Violence against Hindus in Indian Kashmir in 1986}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 1986 Kashmir Riots/1986 Anantnag Riots
| partof = the [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]
| image = Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg
| caption = Map showing [[Indian-administered Kashmir]] within the larger [[Kashmir]] region, with the [[Kashmir Valley]] highlighted in green
| date = February 1986 – March 1986<ref name="Bill Koul 2020">{{cite book |last=Koul |first=Bill K. |author-link= |date=10 September 2020 |title=The Exiled Pandits of Kashmir Will They Ever Return Home? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CW78DwAAQBAJ |location= |publisher=Springer Singapore |page=214 |isbn=9789811565373}}</ref>
| location = [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]], [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|J&K]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|34.0333|N|74.6667|E|display=inline,title}}
| target = [[Kashmiri Hindus]]
[[Hindus]]
| type = [[Arson]], riots, vandalism, looting<ref name="Tikoo">{{cite book|author=Tikoo|first=Colonel Tej K|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuURFTHTU0EC&pg=PT397|title=Kashmir: Its Aborigines and Their Exodus|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC|year=2013|isbn=978-1-935501-58-9|pages=397–}}</ref><ref name="Aiyar2006">{{citation|last=Aiyar|first=Mani Shankar|title=Confessions of a Secular Fundamentalist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7Fsq8rBUtkC&pg=PA148|pages=148–|year=2006|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306205-9|author-link=Mani Shankar Aiyar}}</ref>
| perps = [[Kashmiri Muslims]]
| fatalities = Unknown
}}

The '''1986 Kashmir Riots''', also commonly referred to as the '''1986 Anantnag Riots''', were a series of attacks targeting [[Kashmiri Hindus]] in the [[Kashmir Valley]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]], particularly in [[Anantnag district]].<ref name="Bansi Pandit 2008" />

== Background ==
The JK Land Estates Abolition Act of 1950 allowed the govt to unilaterally confiscate private land owned by landlords, which adversely affected thousands of Kashmiri Hindus overnight. This also led to some Kashmiri Hindus leaving the state.<ref name="Bansi Pandit 2008">{{cite book |last=Pandit |first=Bansi |author-link= |date=2008 |title=Explore Kashmiri Pandits |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsoC6GWr47QC |location= |publisher=Dharma Publications |page=48-49 |isbn=9780963479860}}</ref>

In 1982, [[Sheikh Abdullah]] died, with his son [[Farooq Abdullah]] taking over soon after. Despite winning the 1983 election, Farooq was replaced by [[Ghulam Mohammad Shah]], also known as Gul Shah. In Anantnag [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], who later founded the PDP, was the elected representative at the time.<ref name="Indian Express 2020">{{cite web |date=January 24, 2020 |title=Explained: The Kashmir Pandit tragedy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/exodus-of-kashmiri-pandits-from-valley-6232410/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220307115414/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/exodus-of-kashmiri-pandits-from-valley-6232410/ |archive-date=7 March 2022 |access-date=March 8, 2022 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

In early 1986, [[Gul Shah]] announced the construction of a [[mosque]] inside the location of an ancient Hindu Temple in the Jammu Civil Secretariat. This move sparked widespread criticism and protests in Jammu. In February, Gul Shah then went to Kashmir and provocatively said, ''"Islam khatre mein hain"'' (Translation: "[[Islam]] is in danger"). Subsequently, Muslim rioters attacked Hindu-owned businesses and places of worship.<ref name="Bansi Pandit 2008"/> The resulting death toll was allegedly 2000 people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=P. S. |title=Jammu and Kashmir at the Political Crossroads |date=1994 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=9780706976205 |page=214 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl5uAAAAMAAJ }}</ref>

== Rioting ==
After the Indian government allowed the [[Babri Masjid]] (the location of the present [[Ram Mandir]], the temple believed to be the birthplace of the deity [[Rama]]) to be opened for Hindu worship, protests erupted. 8 cities in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] had curfews in place.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/7aace3ff6f33b7ee0fd67aa2cc54b66a |title=Hindu-Moslem riots reported in Kashmir, Calcutta |website=AP News |date=February 22, 1986 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201006081342/https://apnews.com/article/7aace3ff6f33b7ee0fd67aa2cc54b66a |archive-date=6 October 2020 }}</ref> Hindu temples were burned down and destroyed in towns including Vanpoh, [[Anantnag]], [[Sopore]], [[Luk Bawan]], Salar (Pahalgam Tehsil), Fatehpur, and [[Akura, India|Akura]].<ref name="Bansi Pandit 2008" /><ref name="Tikoo">{{cite book|author=Tikoo|first=Colonel Tej K|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuURFTHTU0EC&pg=PT397|title=Kashmir: Its Aborigines and Their Exodus|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC|year=2013|isbn=978-1-935501-58-9|pages=397–}}</ref><ref name="Aiyar2006">{{citation|last=Aiyar|first=Mani Shankar|title=Confessions of a Secular Fundamentalist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7Fsq8rBUtkC&pg=PA148|pages=148–|year=2006|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306205-9|author-link=Mani Shankar Aiyar}}</ref>

Anantnag, which saw much of the violence, had multiple attacks on [[Hindu Temple|Hindu temple]]s. Many Kashmiri Hindu-owned shops, homes and properties were attacked and targeted.<ref name="Indian Express 2020" /> These developments led to a large number of [[Kashmiri Hindus]] shifting to places including [[Udhampur]] and [[Jammu]].

== See also ==
* [[Persecution of Hindus]]
* [[Anti-Hindu sentiment]]
* [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]]
* [[Panun Kashmir]]
* [[Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Timeline of the Kashmir conflict]]
* [[Kashmir conflict]]
* [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Religious persecution}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kashmir riots, 1986}}
[[Category:1986 riots]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Looting in India]]
[[Category:Persecution of Hindus by Muslims]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Jammu and Kashmir|1986]]
[[Category:Arson in 1986]]
[[Category:1980s fires in Asia]]
[[Category:Arson in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Internal migration]]
[[Category:1980s in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Kashmiri nationalism]]
[[Category:Attacks on Hindu temples in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1986]]
[[Category:Religious building and structure arson fires in India]]
[[Category:Hindu temple arson]]

Paresh Rawal

2026-02-14T18:13:29Z

AngelesEller0:

{{short description|Indian actor, film producer and politician (born 1955)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Paresh Rawal
| image = Paresh Rawal February 2015.jpg
| caption = Rawal in 2015
| imagesize =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|05|30|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Paresh Rawal turns 64. PM Narendra Modi gives actor the best birthday gift |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/paresh-rawal-turns-64-pm-narendra-modi-gives-actor-the-best-birthday-gift-1538413-2019-05-30 |access-date=19 August 2019 |work=India Today |date=30 May 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819091412/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/paresh-rawal-turns-64-pm-narendra-modi-gives-actor-the-best-birthday-gift-1538413-2019-05-30 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Bombay State]], India {{small|(present-day Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]])}}<ref name="BirthPlace" />
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Ahmedabad East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad East, Gujarat]]
| termstart1 = 26 May 2014
| termend1 = 23 May 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Harin Pathak]]
| successor1 = [[Hasmukhbhai Somabhai Patel|Hasmukh Patel]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alma_mater = [[Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer|politician|comedian<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/ode-to-irreverence/article25400559.ece|title=Ode to irreverence|first=Akarsh|last=Khurana|date=3 November 2018|access-date=28 December 2019|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011180551/https://www.thehindu.com/society/ode-to-irreverence/article25400559.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Infobox person
| embed = yes
| years_active = 1982–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Swaroop Sampat]]|1987}}
| honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2014)
| children = 2, including [[Aditya Rawal]]
| parents =
}}
| office = [[National School of Drama|Chairperson of National School of Drama]]
| termstart = September 2020
| predecessor = [[Ratan Thiyam]]
| residence = [[New Delhi|602, Dr. B. D. Marg, New Delhi]]
}}

'''Paresh Rawal''' (born 30 May 1955) is an Indian actor<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/ode-to-irreverence/article25400559.ece|title=Ode to irreverence|work=The Hindu|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011180551/https://www.thehindu.com/society/ode-to-irreverence/article25400559.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> film producer and former politician, known for his works primarily in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]]. Considered as one of the finest actors of Hindi cinema, he has [[Paresh Rawal filmography|appeared]] in over 240 films and is the recipient of various [[List of awards and nominations received by Paresh Rawal|accolades]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Paresh Rawal birthday: 5 cinematic marvels showcasing his remarkable versatility |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/paresh-rawal-birthday-5-cinematic-marvels-showcasing-his-remarkable-versatility/articleshow/110555332.cms |work=The Times of India |agency=ANI |issn=0971-8257 |date=30 May 2024 |access-date=4 October 2025 |archive-date=31 January 2026 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260131043525/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/paresh-rawal-birthday-5-cinematic-marvels-showcasing-his-remarkable-versatility/articleshow/110555332.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He was honoured with [[Padma Shri]] from the [[Government of India]] in 2014.

In 1994, he won the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for his performances in the films ''[[Woh Chokri]]'' and ''[[Sir (1993 film)|Sir]]''.<ref name="PR">{{cite web|title=Paresh Rawal |publisher=[[Yahoo.com]] Won 2 national awards for Woh Chokri & Sir |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Paresh-Rawal/biography-10095.html |access-date=20 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623193136/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Paresh-Rawal/biography-10095.html |archive-date=23 June 2008 }}</ref> For the latter, he received his first [[Filmfare Award]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance in a Negative Role]]. This was followed by [[Ketan Mehta]]'s ''[[Sardar (1993 film)|Sardar]]'', which saw him playing the lead role of freedom fighter [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], a role that got him national and international acclaim.<ref name="PR" /> His other notable works in [[Hindi cinema]] are ''[[Arjun (1985 film)|Arjun]]'' (1985), ''[[Naam (1986 film)|Naam]]'' (1986), ''[[Shiva (1990 film)|Shiva]]'' (1990), ''[[Mohra (1994 film)|Mohra]]'' (1994), ''[[Tamanna (1997 film)|Tamanna]]'' (1997), ''[[China Gate (1998 film)|China Gate]]'' (1998), ''[[Aitraaz (2004 film)|Aitraaz]]'' (2004), ''[[Table No. 21]]'' (2013) and ''[[Zilla Ghaziabad]]'' (2013).<ref name="PR" /> He has received recognition for his [[villain]] roles in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] box office hits such as ''[[Kshana Kshanam]]'' (1991), ''[[Money (1993 film)|Money]]'' (1993), ''[[Money Money (1995 film)|Money Money]]'' (1995), ''[[Govinda Govinda (1994 film)|Govinda Govinda]]'' (1994), ''[[Rikshavodu]]'' (1995), ''[[Bavagaru Bagunnara]]'' (1998).

Rawal has gained acclaim for his comedy and few intense supporting roles in Hindi films, as some of his notable roles are in ''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]'' (1994), ''[[Chachi 420]]'' (1997), ''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]'' (2000), ''[[Nayak (2001 Hindi film)|Nayak]]'' (2001), ''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]'', ''[[Awara Paagal Deewana]]'' (both 2002), ''[[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]]'' (2003), ''[[Garam Masala (2005 film)|Garam Masala]]'' (2005), ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'', ''[[Chup Chup Ke]]'', ''[[Malamaal Weekly]]'' (all 2006), ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'' (2007), ''[[Mere Baap Pehle Aap]]'', ''[[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]]'' (both 2008), ''[[De Dana Dan]]'' (2009), ''[[Atithi Tum Kab Jaoge?]]'', ''[[Ready (2011 film)|Ready]]'' (both 2010), ''[[OMG – Oh My God!|OMG]]'' (2012), ''[[Welcome Back (film)|Welcome Back]]'' (2015), ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017), ''[[Sanju]]'' (2018), ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike|Uri]]'' (2019), ''[[Dream Girl 2]]'', ''[[Shastry Viruddh Shastry]]'' (both 2023) and ''[[The Storyteller (2025 film)|The Storyteller]]'' (2025) in which he portrayed [[Satyajit Ray]]'s famous character [[Tarini Khuro]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ray's Tarini Khuro set for Bollywood debut |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/rays-tarini-khuro-set-for-bollywood-debut-2990 |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=The Daily Star |date=19 December 2013 |language=en |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152421/https://www.thedailystar.net/rays-tarini-khuro-set-for-bollywood-debut-2990 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ananth Mahadevan to adapt Satyajit Ray's short story into film|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ananth-mahadevan-to-adapt-satyajit-rays-short-story-into-film-608542 |last=PTI |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=NDTV |date=30 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107170016/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ananth-mahadevan-to-adapt-satyajit-rays-short-story-into-film-608542|archive-date=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Roshmila |title=Paresh to tell Ray's story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Paresh-to-tell-Rays-story/articleshow/27273609.cms |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=13 December 2013 |language=en |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604070132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Paresh-to-tell-Rays-story/articleshow/27273609.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> His most remembered role is of [[Baburao Ganpatrao Apte]] in the cult classic [[Hera Pheri (film series)|''Hera Pheri'' comedy franchise]]. He appeared in the Tamil film ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' (2020) and later reprised the same role in the Hindi version of the film ''[[Sarfira]]'' (2024) starring [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Radhika Madan]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Dishya |date=10 July 2024 |last2=Negi |first2=Shrishti |title=Sarfira Director Sudha on Recasting Paresh Rawal in Soorarai Pottru Remake: 'My Only Concern...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sarfira-director-sudha-on-recasting-paresh-rawal-in-soorarai-pottru-remake-my-only-concern-exclusive-8960225.html |work=News18 |access-date=24 May 2025 |archive-date=15 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815210249/https://www.news18.com/movies/sarfira-director-sudha-on-recasting-paresh-rawal-in-soorarai-pottru-remake-my-only-concern-exclusive-8960225.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early and personal life ==
[[File:Swaroop Sampat and Paresh Rawal.jpg|thumb|right|Rawal with his wife [[Swaroop Sampat]] at the screening of the film ''[[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]]'']]
Rawal was born and raised in [[Bombay]] (present-day [[Mumbai]]) to a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] family.<ref name="BirthPlace">{{cite news |first=Asira |last=Tarannum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Star-kids-are-not-good-actors/articleshow/9455421.cms |title='Star kids are not good actors' |date=2 August 2011 |access-date=1 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705191223/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-02/news-interviews/29841645_1_paresh-rawal-theatre-civil-engineering |archive-date=5 July 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=From Sanjay Leela Bhansali to Paresh Rawal; Gujarati's who made it big in Bollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/from-sanjay-leela-bhansali-to-paresh-rawal-gujaratis-who-made-it-big-in-bollywood/photostory/70090590.cms?picid=70090824 |access-date=30 May 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=5 July 2019 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530143419/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/from-sanjay-leela-bhansali-to-paresh-rawal-gujaratis-who-made-it-big-in-bollywood/photostory/70090590.cms?picid=70090824 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1987, Rawal married [[Swaroop Sampat]], an actress and winner of the [[Femina Miss India|Miss India]] contest in 1979.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paresh Rawal says wife Swaroop was his boss' daughter, reveals how he proposed: 'Don't do this futile exercise with me' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/paresh-rawal-says-wife-swaroop-was-his-boss-daughter-reveals-how-he-proposed-don-t-do-this-futile-exercise-with-me-101635248347922.html |access-date=19 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619123400/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/paresh-rawal-says-wife-swaroop-was-his-boss-daughter-reveals-how-he-proposed-don-t-do-this-futile-exercise-with-me-101635248347922.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Paresh and Swaroop have two sons, [[Aditya Rawal|Aditya]] and Anirudh. He is an alumnus of [[Narsee Monjee College of Commerce & Economics]], [[Vile Parle]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://collegekhabar.com/events/umang-2010-inter-collegiate-culture-festival-narsee-monjee-college/|title=UMANG 2010, Inter-Collegiate Culture Festival, Narsee Monjee college|access-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104191708/http://collegekhabar.com/events/umang-2010-inter-collegiate-culture-festival-narsee-monjee-college/|archive-date=4 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

As per his wife's admission, Rawal is [[Brahmin]], while his wife [[Swaroop Sampat]] is [[Bhatia caste|Bhatia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karki |first=Manisha |date=30 May 2024 |title=Paresh Rawal Birthday: When Actor's Wife Swaroop Sampat Revealed He Is 'Possessive' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/paresh-rawal-birthday-when-actors-wife-swaroop-sampat-revealed-he-is-possessive |website=[[The Free Press Journal]] |quote="I am a Bhatia and he is a Brahmin, but that hardly mattered." |access-date=22 September 2025 |archive-date=21 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621221835/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/paresh-rawal-birthday-when-actors-wife-swaroop-sampat-revealed-he-is-possessive |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Rawal made his debut with the 1985 film ''[[Arjun (1985 film)|Arjun]]'' in a supporting role. He was also part of the cast of the [[Doordarshan]] TV serial, ''Bante Bigadte''. It was the 1986 blockbuster, ''[[Naam (1986 film)|Naam]]'', that established him as an actor with great talent. He then appeared in over 100 films throughout the 1980s and 1990s, mostly as the antagonist, such as in ''[[Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja|Roop ki Rani Choron Ka Raja]]'', ''[[Kabzaa (1988 film)|Kabzaa]]'', ''[[King Uncle]]'', ''[[Ram Lakhan]]'', ''[[Daud (film)|Daud]]'', ''[[Baazi (1995 film)|Baazi]]'' and so many more. In the 1990s, he also starred in the cult comedy ''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]'' in which he played a double role. Rawal was perceived as a character actor by both audiences and critics until the 2000 Bollywood cult classic ''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]'', after which he starred in many Hindi mainstream films as a lead actor or main protagonist. Rawal played the dim-witted, boisterous and kind-hearted Marathi landlord [[Baburao Ganpatrao Apte]] in the film ''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]'', who takes in Raju ([[Akshay Kumar]]) and Shyam ([[Sunil Shetty]]) as paying guests in his house. Rawal's performance was a key reason for the major nationwide success the film received.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=206&catName=MjAwMA==|title=Box Office 2000|publisher=BoxOfficeIndia.Com|access-date=20 April 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811213429/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=206&catName=MjAwMA%3D%3D|archive-date=11 August 2013}}</ref> For his performance, he won the [[Filmfare Best Comedian Award]]. He reprised his role as Baburao in the sequel to the film ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'' (2006), which was also successful.<ref name="PR" />

Another notable lead role came in 2002 when Rawal portrayed one of three blind bank robbers in the hit film ''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]'', co-starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Aditya Pancholi]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Arjun Rampal]] and [[Sushmita Sen]]. Rawal, for the remainder of the 2000s, was seen in mainly comedy oriented multi-starrers, mostly among the lead protagonists such as in ''[[Awara Paagal Deewana]]'' (2002), ''[[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]]'' (2003), ''[[Hulchul (2004 film)|Hulchul]]'' (2004), ''[[Garam Masala (2005 film)|Garam Masala]]'' (2005), ''[[Deewane Huye Paagal]]'' (2005), ''[[Malamaal Weekly]]'' (2006), ''[[Golmaal: Fun Unlimited]]'' (2006), ''[[Chup Chup Ke]]'' (2006), ''[[Bhagam Bhag]]'' (2007), ''[[Shankar Dada MBBS]]'' (Telugu), ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'', ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'', ''[[Mere Baap Pehle Aap]]'' (2008) and ''[[De Dana Dan]]'' (2009).<ref name="PR" /> In 2010, Rawal acted in the movie ''[[Aakrosh (2010 film)|Aakrosh]]'', based on honour killing.<ref name="Akrosh">{{cite web|last=Pais|first=Arthur J|date=15 October 2010|title=Honour killing is a dishonour to any society|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/15/paresh-rawal-on-aakrosh.htm|work=Rediff|access-date=22 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019030034/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/15/paresh-rawal-on-aakrosh.htm|archive-date=19 October 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:On the sets of OMG.jpg|thumbnail|right|Rawal with [[Akshay Kumar]] on the sets of the film ''[[OMG: Oh My God!]]'']]

In 2012, Rawal played the lead role in the movie ''[[OMG – Oh My God!]]''. Akshay Kumar was seen supporting him, and both won rave reviews for their roles.
He has also had a very successful acting career in Gujarati plays, the latest one being ''Dear Father''.
For television, he has produced several Hindi soaps including [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Teen Bahuraaniyaan]]'', [[Sahara One]]'s ''[[Main Aisi Kyunn Hoon]]'' and Colors' ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.news24online.com/Best-from-Paresh-Rawal-has-yet-to-come_News24_27457.aspx|title=Best from Paresh Rawal has yet to come|work=News 24|access-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408141338/http://news24online.com/best-from-paresh-rawal-has-yet-to-come_news24_27457.aspx/|archive-date=8 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

His most notable release of 2018 was [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'s ''[[Sanju]]'' with [[Ranbir Kapoor]]. He played actor [[Sunil Dutt]]'s role in the movie.
He was also reported to reprise his role as Baburao Ganpatrao Apte in ''Hera Pheri 3'' which was going to be released in 2024,<ref>{{cite web| title=Hera Pheri 3 confirmed, to reunite Akshay Kumar, Suniel Shetty and Paresh Rawal| work=The Indian Express| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hera-pheri-3-akshay-kumar-suniel-shetty-paresh-rawal-5188604/| date=23 May 2018| access-date=6 December 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124190635/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hera-pheri-3-akshay-kumar-suniel-shetty-paresh-rawal-5188604/| archive-date=24 November 2018| url-status=live}}</ref> but was put 'on hold' in May 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Aakanksha |title=Suniel Shetty Shares An Update About Hera Pheri 3 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/suniel-shetty-shares-an-update-about-hera-pheri-3-2231730 |access-date=26 December 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=19 May 2020 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024224145/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/suniel-shetty-shares-an-update-about-hera-pheri-3-2231730 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 10 September 2020 he was appointed the chief of the [[National School of Drama]], by the [[President of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2020|title=Paresh Rawal appointed as chief of National School of Drama|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/paresh-rawal-appointed-as-new-chief-of-national-school-of-drama/story-rcziCGmn09Zckrv42YsgQO.html|access-date=10 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=10 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910111105/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/paresh-rawal-appointed-as-new-chief-of-national-school-of-drama/story-rcziCGmn09Zckrv42YsgQO.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, Rawal appeared in sports drama ''[[Toofan (2021 film)|Toofaan]]'', a film directed by [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]], alongside [[Farhan Akhtar]], who essayed the role of a national level boxer. The film was streamed worldwide on 16 July 2021 on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|date=10 March 2021|title=Farhan Akhtar's pugilist drama Tofaan to release on OTT on May 21, confirms director Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/farhan-akhtars-pugilist-drama-tofaan-release-ott-may-21-confirms-director-rakeysh-omprakash-mehra/|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310060009/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/farhan-akhtars-pugilist-drama-tofaan-release-ott-may-21-confirms-director-rakeysh-omprakash-mehra/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2025, he appeared in the horror films ''[[Nikita Roy]]'' and ''[[Thamma]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 January 2026 |title='Nikita Roy’ streaming on OTT: When and where to watch Sonakshi Sinha and Paresh Rawal’s horror mystery |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/nikita-roy-streaming-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-sonakshi-sinha-and-paresh-rawals-horror-mystery/articleshow/126489362.cms |access-date=14 February 2026 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ayushmann Khurrana Says How Paresh Rawal In Thamma Reminded Him Of His Late Father |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ayushmann-khurrana-reveals-how-paresh-rawal-evokes-memories-of-his-late-father-in-thamma-9509056 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251027134832/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ayushmann-khurrana-reveals-how-paresh-rawal-evokes-memories-of-his-late-father-in-thamma-9509056 |archive-date=27 October 2025 |access-date=14 February 2026 |work=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> In the same year, he also appeared in the films ''[[Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi]]'' and ''[[The Taj Story]]'', both of which generated much controversy due to the subject matter of the films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2025 |title=Ajey: The Untold Story of a Yogi brings Yogi Adityanath's life to the screen |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/film-on-yogi-adityanath-ajey-the-untold-story-of-a-yogi-2699361-2025-03-26 |access-date=31 March 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paresh Rawal says bhaukne do to critics of Yogi Adityanath Film Ajey, slams CBFC |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/paresh-rawal-says-bhaukne-do-to-critics-of-yogi-adityanath-film-ajey-slams-cbfc-8076387/ |access-date=14 February 2026 |website=[[India.com]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Taj Story is an Eighth Wonder of Gaslighting, Half-Truths and Saffron Victimhood |url=https://thewire.in/film/the-taj-story-review-paresh-rawal-eighth-wonder-of-gaslighting |access-date=14 February 2026 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>

His upcoming films are ''[[Bhooth Bangla]]'', ''[[Welcome to the Jungle (2024 film)|Welcome To The Jungle]]'' and ''[[Hera Pheri (franchise)|Hera Pheri 3]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parashar |first=Shivam |date=1 February 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/priyadarshan-wraps-hungama-2-shoot-1764877-2021-02-01 |title=Priyadarshan wraps Hungama 2 shoot |work=India Today |access-date=10 March 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209162833/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/priyadarshan-wraps-hungama-2-shoot-1764877-2021-02-01 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Paresh Rawal returns Hera Pheri 3 signing amount with interest: Report |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/paresh-rawal-returns-hera-pheri-3-signing-amount-with-interest-2729931-2025-05-24 |magazine=India Today |date=24 May 2025 |access-date=24 May 2025 |archive-date=24 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524132219/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/paresh-rawal-returns-hera-pheri-3-signing-amount-with-interest-2729931-2025-05-24 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandya |first=Sonal |date=26 July 2025 |title=Hera Pheri 3: Akshay Kumar CONFIRMS Comedy Is Back On After Paresh Rawal Exit, Dismisses Claims Of 'Publicity Stunt' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/hera-pheri-3-akshay-kumar-confirms-comedy-is-back-on-after-paresh-rawal-exit-dismisses-claims-of-publicity-stunt-article-152350905 |work=Times Now |access-date=28 July 2025 |archive-date=26 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726122337/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/hera-pheri-3-akshay-kumar-confirms-comedy-is-back-on-after-paresh-rawal-exit-dismisses-claims-of-publicity-stunt-article-152350905 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Politics ==
He won as the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s Member of Parliament (MP) from [[Ahmedabad East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad East]] constituency in the [[2014 Indian general election]]. In 2014, he was awarded [[Padma Shri]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Paresh Rawal in dinu solanki out|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/paresh-rawal-in-dinu-solanki-out/|access-date=26 May 2014|date=23 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528172743/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/paresh-rawal-in-dinu-solanki-out/|archive-date=28 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Election results 2014 Paresh rawals biopic on Narendra Modi on hold|access-date=26 May 2014|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news/election-results-2014-paresh-rawals-biopic-on-narendra-modi-on-hold/|date=16 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526230931/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news/election-results-2014-paresh-rawals-biopic-on-narendra-modi-on-hold/|archive-date=26 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Ahmedabad East<ref name=turnout>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election – 2014|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archive-date=2 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS067.htm?ac=7|title=Ahmedabad East|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=12 December 2014|archive-date=28 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628100934/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS067.htm?ac=7}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate='''Paresh Rawal'''|votes=633,582|percentage=64.29|change=+10.92|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Himmatsingh Patel|votes=306,949|percentage=31.15|change=-7.82|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Dinesh Vaghela|votes=11,349|percentage=1.15|change=N/A|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rohit Rajubhai Virjubhai|votes=6,023|percentage=0.61|change=-0.60|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the Above|votes=14,358|percentage=1.46|change=N/A|}}
{{Election box majority|votes=326,633|percentage=33.14|change=+18.74|}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=985,525|percentage=61.52|change=+19.20|}}
{{Election box hold with party link||winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|swing=+10.92}}
{{Election box end}}

== Filmography ==
{{Main||Paresh Rawal filmography}}

== Awards and honours ==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Paresh Rawal}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0712546|name=Paresh Rawal}}
* [http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/apr/17rawal.htm An interview with Paresh Rawal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130612115613/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-17/news-interviews/31350364_1_business-don-t-mix-film-lord-krishna I feel secure with Akshay: Paresh Rawal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140625035621/http://imusti.com/#!/artists/info/25380/Paresh-Rawal/single Bollywood Collections of Paresh Rawal]

{{Hera Pheri}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Paresh Rawal
| list =
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestComedian}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestVillain}}
{{ScreenAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{Screen Award Best Comedian}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role}}
}}
{{16th LS members from Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rawal, Paresh}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Age controversies]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Comedians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Gujarati theatre]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Male actors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Male actors in Urdu cinema]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]

2018 Assam local elections

2026-02-13T16:55:16Z

AngelesEller0: Page

{{Short description|Indian election}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2018 Assam panchayat election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 2013 Assam panchayat election
| previous_year = 2013
| election_date = 5 and 9 December
| next_year = [[2025 Assam Panchayat Election|2025]]
| seats_for_election = 26,784 posts
| turnout = 78.2% {{increase}}
| image_size = 100px
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| image1 = Chief Minister of Assam Sarbananda Sonowal.jpg
| leader1 = [[Sarbananda Sonowal]]
| leader_since1 = 2018
| last_election1 = 1,780<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Panchayat Elections 2018 : BJP gets majority in 14 Zila Parishad, PM Modi hails 'wonderful performance' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/photo-gallery-assam-panchayat-elections-2018-bjp-gets-majority-in-14-zila-parishad-pm-modi-hails-wonderful-performance-2695279 |accessdate=27 February 2021 |work=DNA India |date=12 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> ''[ZP+AP+GP(P)+GP(W)]''
| seats1 = 11,325<ref name=":2">{{cite news |title=BJP Wins Assam Panchayat Elections With 42% Seats |url=https://www.ndtv.com/guwahati-news/bjp-wins-assam-panchayat-elections-with-42-seats-1966422 |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=NDTV |date=21 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> ''[ZP+AP+GP(P)+GP(W)]''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 9,545
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| image2 =
| leader2 = [[Debabrata Saikia]]
| leader_since2 = 2018
| last_election2 = 13,537 ''[ZP+AP+GP(P)+GP(W)]''
| seats2 = 8,970<ref name=":2" /> ''[ZP+AP+GP(P)+GP(W)]''
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 4,567
| party4 = Asom Gana Parishad
| image4 = Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png
| leader4 = [[Atul Bora]]
| leader_since4 = 2016
| last_election4 = 2,703 ''[ZP+AP+GP(P)+GP(W)]''
| seats4 = 1,963 ''[ZP+AP+GP(P)+GP(W)]''
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 740
| image5 = M-badruddin-ajmal.JPG
| leader5 = [[Badruddin Ajmal]]
| party5 = All India United Democratic Front
| leader_since5 = 2005
| last_election5 = 3,551 ''[ZP+AP+GP(P)+GP(W)]''
| seats5 = 1,319 ''[ZP+AP+GP(P)+GP(W)]''
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 2,232
}}
The '''2018 Assam panchayat election''' were held in two phases, on 5 and 9 December 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam panchayat election results 2018: Counting underway as BJP takes comfortable lead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/assam-panchayat-elections-results-2018-bjp-takes-comfortable-lead-5490849/ |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Panchayat Election results 2018: BJP takes big lead, Congress second |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-assam-panchayat-election-result-2018-live-updates-bjp-congress-gram-panchayat-492225 |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=India Tv |date=14 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The counting of votes started on 12 December and results were declared on 15 December.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Panchayat Election result 2018 UPDATES: BJP leads the way; Congress, AGP trail |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/assam-election-results-live-update-panchayat-elections-result-assam-teer-result-vote-counting-bjp-congress-bharatiya-janata-party-news-inc/329751 |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=Times Now |date=13 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> More than 15.6 million people were eligible to vote and voter turnout was over 78 per cent.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Dates for Panchayat Polls in Assam declared |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/breaking-news/dates-for-panchayat-polls-in-assam-declared/ |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=The Sentinel |date=5 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam panchayat polls: First phase today, over 97 lakh voters to decide fate of candidates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assam/story/assam-panchayat-elections-first-second-phase-bjp-congress-election-commission-1402718-2018-12-05 |author=Manogya Loiwal |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=India Today |date=5 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam panchayat election result 2018 live: BJP maintains lead, counting of votes still ongoing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-panchayat-election-result-2018-live-counting-of-votes-underway-1407657-2018-12-12 |author=Manas Joshi & Chanchal Chauhan |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=India Today |date=12 December 2018 | language=en}}</ref>

The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won 11,325 seats in total,<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Has BJP Really Won the Assam Panchayat Polls |url=https://www.newsclick.in/has-bjp-really-won-assam-panchayat-polls |author=Taha Amin Mazumdar |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=News click |date=18 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> while the [[Indian National Congress]] won 8,970 seats. Other parties won 6,489 seats.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Press release party-wise results of counting of votes for Panchayat Election 2018 pdf |url=https://www.secassam.in/pdfnoti/Final-Result-21.pdf |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=sec assam |date=21 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Relief to BJP as party wins 50% seats in Assam panchayat elections |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/bjp-assam-panchayat-polls-rural-elections-results-seats-win-1412280-2018-12-18 |author=Manogya Loiwal |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=India Today |date=18 December 2018 | language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Panchayat Election Result 2018 Updates: BJP Remains Ahead of Rival Congress, Alliance Partner AGP |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/assam-panchayat-election-result-2018-live-news-updates-bjp-remains-ahead-of-rival-congress-alliance-partner-agp-3480120/ |author=Rini Sharma |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=India.com |date=15 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
Assam Panchayat Raj Act, 1994 made provisions for establishing a three-tier Panchayati Raj system in the State at the village, intermediate and district level.<ref>{{cite news |title=PANCHAYAT & RURAL DEVELOPMENT |url=https://pnrd.assam.gov.in/information-services/panchayati-raj-0 |accessdate=27 February 2021 |work=Government of Assam |language=en}}</ref>

'''Total number of Elected Representatives and Chairpersons in the State'''

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 50px;"
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| No.
! scope="col" style="width:90px;"| Panchayat
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Representatives
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Chairpersons
|- style="height: 45px;"

| 1.
| Zilla Parishad
| 420
| 21
|- style="height: 45px;"
| 2.
| Anchalik Panchayat
| 2,201
| 185
|- style="height: 45px;"
| 3.
| Gaon Panchayat
| 24,222
| 2,201
|- style="height: 45px;"
|}

==Election schedule==
The Assam State Election Commission announced that the Polls would hold in two Phases. The polling for
the first phase was held on 5 December 2018, while that for the second phase took place on 9 December 2018. The final counting of votes was started from 12 December 2018 in the 26 districts across the state.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Panchayat Election Result 2018 Live: BJP Ahead of Congress, AGP |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/assam-panchayat-election-result-2018-live-bjp-ahead-of-congress-agp/ |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=Northeast Today |date=12 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In first phase, polls were held in Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Sivasagar, Charaideo, Jorhat, Majuli, Golaghat, Nagaon, Dhemaji,
Lakhimpur, Biswanath, Sonitpur, Darrang, Morigaon, Kamrup (Metro) and Kamrup districts.
In the second phase, the election were held in Nalbari, Barpeta, Bongaigaon, Dhubri, South Salmara
Mankachar, Goalpara, Cachar, Hailakandi, Karimganj and Hojai districts<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Panchayat Polls In Two Phases Next Month |url=http://theshillongtimes.com/2018/11/05/assam-panchayat-polls-in-two-phases-next-month/ |accessdate=2 January 2020 |work=The Shillong Times |date=5 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==Party wise results==

===Zilla Parishad===
The election results for 420 Zilla Parishad Members are as follows<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 50px;"
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| No. 
! scope="col" style="width:90px;"| Political Party
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seats won
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat share (in %)
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat change
|- style="height: 45px;"

| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white" | '''1.'''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 212
| 50.48
| {{increase}}197
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white" | '''2.'''
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 147
| 35.00
| {{decrease}}126
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}; color:white" | '''3.'''
| [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
| 26
| 6.19
| {{decrease}}50
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}; color:white" | '''4.'''
| [[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
| 19
| 4.52
| {{decrease}}10
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent}}; color:white" | '''5.'''
| Others
| 16
| 3.81
| {{decrease}}11
|- style="height: 45px;"
|}

=== Anchalik Panchayat ===
The election results for 2,197 Anchalik Panchayat Members are as follows<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 50px;"
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| No. 
! scope="col" style="width:90px;"| Political Party
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seats won
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat share (in %)
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat change
|- style="height: 45px;"

| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white" | '''1.'''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 1,025
| 46.66
| {{increase}}895
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white" | '''2.'''
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 771
| 35.09
| {{decrease}}464
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}; color:white" | '''3.'''
| [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
| 139
| 6.33
| {{decrease}}258
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}; color:white" | '''4.'''
| [[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
| 118
| 5.37
| {{decrease}}64
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent}}; color:white" | '''5.'''
| Others
| 144
| 6.55
| {{decrease}}112
|- style="height: 45px;"
|}

=== Gaon Panchayat (President) ===
The election results for 2,197 Gaon Panchayat Presidents are as follows<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 50px;"
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| No. 
! scope="col" style="width:90px;"| Political Party
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seats won
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat share (in %)
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat change
|- style="height: 45px;"

| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white" | '''1.'''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 994
| 45.24
| {{increase}}888
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white" | '''2.'''
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 760
| 34.59
| {{decrease}}463
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}; color:white" | '''3.'''
| [[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
| 137
| 6.24
| {{decrease}}46
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}; color:white" | '''4.'''
| [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
| 130
| 5.92
| {{decrease}}257
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent}}; color:white" | '''5.'''
| Others
| 176
| 8.01
| {{decrease}}125
|- style="height: 45px;"
|}

=== Gaon Panchayat (Ward) ===
The election results for 21,970 Gaon Panchayat Wards are as follows<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 50px;"
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| No. 
! scope="col" style="width:90px;"| Political Party
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seats won
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat share (in %)
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat change
|- style="height: 45px;"

| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white" | '''1.'''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 9,094
| 41.39
| {{increase}}7,565
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white" | '''2.'''
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 7,292
| 33.19
| {{decrease}}3,514
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}; color:white" | '''3.'''
| [[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
| 1,689
| 7.69
| {{decrease}}620
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}; color:white" | '''4.'''
| [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
| 1,024
| 4.66
| {{decrease}}1,599
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent}}; color:white" | '''5.'''
| Others
| 2,871
| 13.07
| {{decrease}}1,502
|- style="height: 45px;"
|}

=== Overall result ===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 50px;"
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| No. 
! scope="col" style="width:90px;"| Political Party
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seats won
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat share (in %)
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seat change
|- style="height: 45px;"

| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white" | '''1.'''
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref name=":2" />
| 11,325
| 42.28
| {{increase}}9,545
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white" | '''2.'''
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 8,970
| 33.49
| {{decrease}}4,567
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}; color:white" | '''3.'''
| [[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
| 1,963
| 7.33
| {{decrease}}740
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}; color:white" | '''4.'''
| [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
| 1,319
| 4.92
| {{decrease}}2,232
|- style="height: 45px;"
| ! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent}}; color:white" | '''5.'''
| Others
| 3,207
| 11.98
| {{decrease}}1,750
|- style="height: 45px;"
|}

== District wise results ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width:600px; clear:right; margin:0px 0px 0.5em 1em;"
! scope="col" |S.No.
! scope="col" |District
! scope="col" |Total
! scope="col" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! scope="col" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! scope="col" |[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
! scope="col" |[[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
! scope="col" |Others
|-
!scope="row" |1
!scope="row" |[[Nagaon district|Nagaon]]
| 2,093
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|815
| 764
| 294
| 110
| 110
|-
!scope="row" |2
!scope="row" |[[Cachar district|Cachar]]
| 1,971
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|919
| 710
| 15
| 19
| 308
|-
!scope="row" |3
!scope="row" |[[Kamrup district|Kamrup Rural]]
| 1,694
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|759
| 536
| 207
| 5
| 187
|-
!scope="row" |4
!scope="row" |[[Dhubri district|Dhubri]]
| 1,608
| 283
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|737
| 17
| 315
| 256
|-
!scope="row" |5
!scope="row" |[[Barpeta district|Barpeta]]
| 1,248
| 191
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|650
| 73
| 143
| 191
|-
!scope="row" |6
!scope="row" |[[Golaghat district|Golaghat]]
| 1,241
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|547
| 490
| 197
| 0
| 7
|-
!scope="row" |7
!scope="row" |[[Karimganj district|Karimganj]]
| 1,160
| 393
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|414
| 4
| 72
| 277
|-
!scope="row" |8
!scope="row" |[[Dibrugarh district|Dibrugarh]]
| 1,139
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|737
| 296
| 104
| 0
| 2
|-
!scope="row" |9
!scope="row" |[[Jorhat district|Jorhat]]
| 1,099
| 401
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|551
| 133
| 0
| 14
|-
!scope="row" |10
!scope="row" |[[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia]]
| 1,040
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|745
| 256
| 18
| 0
| 21
|-
!scope="row" |11
!scope="row" |[[Morigaon district|Morigaon]]
| 1,033
| 370
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|416
| 68
| 54
| 125
|-
!scope="row" |12
!scope="row" |[[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]]
| 1,003
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|696
| 239
| 43
| 0
| 25
|-
!scope="row" |13
!scope="row" |[[Sivasagar district|Sivasagar]]
| 1,001
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|463
| 403
| 129
| 0
| 6
|-
!scope="row" |14
!scope="row" |[[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]]
| 989
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|497
| 292
| 59
| 15
| 126
|-
!scope="row" |15
!scope="row" |[[Goalpara district|Goalpara]]
| 988
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}|388
| 355
| 19
| 80
| 346
|-
!scope="row" |16
!scope="row" |[[Biswanath district|Biswanath]]
| 925
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|769
| 119
| 11
| 0
| 26
|-
!scope="row" |17
!scope="row" |[[Darrang district|Darrang]]
| 914
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|315
| 311
| 38
| 94
| 156
|-
!scope="row" |18
!scope="row" |[[Hojai district|Hojai]]
| 816
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|319
| 295
| 57
| 129
| 16
|-
!scope="row" |19
!scope="row" |[[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]
| 793
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|523
| 212
| 27
| 0
| 31
|-
!scope="row" |20
!scope="row" |[[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]]
| 792
| 156
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|250
| 239
| 79
| 68
|-
!scope="row" |21
!scope="row" |[[Dhemaji district|Dhemaji]]
| 787
| 227
| 248
| 41
| 0
| bgcolor=#AAAAAA|271
|-
!scope="row" |22
!scope="row" |[[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]]
| 755
| 187
| 16
| 6
| 35
| bgcolor=#AAAAAA|511
|-
!scope="row" |23
!scope="row" |[[Charaideo district|Charaideo]]
| 439
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|326
| 106
| 4
| 0
| 3
|-
!scope="row" |24
!scope="row" |[[South Salmara district|South Salmara- Mankachar]]
| 425
| 18
| 127
| 83
| bgcolor={{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}|151
| 46
|-
!scope="row" |25
!scope="row" |[[Bajali district|Bajali]]
| 329
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|152
| 85
| 50
| 18
| 24
|-
!scope="row" |26
!scope="row" |[[Kamrup Metropolitan district|Kamrup Metropolitan]]
| 258
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|175
| 57
| 22
| 0
| 4
|-
!scope="row" |27
!scope="row" |[[Majuli district|Majuli]]
| 244
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|154
| 35
| 5
| 0
| 50
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="2" | Total
! scope="col" | 26,784
! scope="col" | 11,325
! scope="col" | 8,970
! scope="col" | 1,963
! scope="col" | 1,319
! scope="col" | 3,207
|}

Legend

{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} Largest Party (BJP) — 17 
{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} Largest Party (INC) — 7 
{{legend inline|#99CCFF|Largest Party (AGP)}} — 0 
{{colour box|{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}}} Largest Party (AIUDF) — 1 
{{legend inline|#AAAAAA|Largest Party (Others)}} — 2

==See also==
* [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[2019 Indian general election in Assam]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://sec.assam.gov.in/ Assam State Election Commission]
* [http://ceoassam.nic.in/ Chief Electoral Officer, Assam]

{{Assam elections}}

[[Category:Elections in Assam]]
[[Category:2010s in Assam]]
[[Category:2018 elections in India]]
[[Category:Local elections in Assam]]

Rakesh Popli

2026-02-10T02:52:00Z

AngelesEller0: created the entry w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian nuclear physicist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rakesh Kumar Popli
| image = Rakesh Popli.png
| alt = Rakesh Popli
| caption = Rakesh Popli
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1952
| birth_place =
| death_date = 15 September 2007
| death_place =
| other_names =
| known_for = Establishing the first "[[Ekal Vidyalaya]]s"
| occupation = Nuclear physicist
}}
'''Rakesh Kumar Popli''' (1952 – 15 September 2007) was an Indian [[nuclear physicist]] who would establish the first [[Ekal Vidyalaya]]s, or One-Teacher Schools, in remote regions of India.<ref name=Ekalobit/>

==Early years==
Rakesh Popli was born in India in 1952.

He studied in the United States at [[Purdue University]], from 1974 to 1981, obtaining his doctorate in nuclear physics.

Returning to India, he was accepted as an assistant professor of nuclear physics at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]]. He would later be appointed as a professor of applied physics at the [[Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra]] (BIT Mesra) in [[Ranchi]], Jharkhand, from 1984 to 1988.<ref name=Ekalobit/>

==Ekal vidyalayas==
In 1986, following in the footsteps of the early followers of [[Swami Vivekananda]], some young [[educationist]]s began to work with tribal people who lived in the dense forests of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.sanghparivar.org/wiki/ekal-vidyalaya
|title=Ekal Vidyalaya
|publisher=[[Sangh Parivar]]
|access-date=2012-03-22}}</ref>
Sri Bhao Rao Devras had outlined the concept of One Teacher Schools in 1986.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ftsindia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59&Itemid=68
|title=AN EKAL VIDYALAYA
|publisher=[[Friends of Tribals Society]]
|access-date=2012-03-22}}</ref>
Rakesh Popli and his wife Rama Popli, an expert in child education, then refined the concept.
He wrote the syllabus for the pioneering schools that were established among the tribes of [[Gumla]], about {{convert|125|km|mi}} away from BIT Mesra.<ref name=Ekalobit/>
Sponsored by the India Development Service, a charity, in July/August 1986, Rakesh Popli visited about twenty cities in the United States where he described the work of his group in the tribal areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idsusa.org/IDS1986.pdf
|title=India Development Service Annual Report - 1986
|access-date=2012-03-22}}</ref>

Rakesh Popli died from blood cancer on September 15, 2007 after a protracted illness.<ref name=Ekalobit/>
His books included ''A Stroll Through Space Time'' (in Hindi).<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/annualreport/ENGLISH.pdf
|title=VIGYAN PRASAR ANNUAL REPORT 2004-2005
|access-date=2012-03-22}}</ref>

==Partial bibliography==
*{{cite book |title=UV degradation of polymers
|author=Rakesh Kumar Popli |publisher=University of Louisville. |year=1976 |page=146}}
*{{cite book |title=Molecular Fraction Behavior in Oriented Polymers
|author=Rakesh K. Popli, David K. Roylance |publisher=Defense Technical Information Center |year=1980 |page=136}}
*{{cite book |title=Aspects of human communication
|author=Lilavati Krishnan |author2=B. N. Patnaik |author3=N. K. Sharma |author4=Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
|publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1989 |ISBN=81-7099-185-4}} (contributor)
*{{cite book |title=A stroll through space-time: a leisurely discourse on Einstein's relativity theory
|author=Rakesh Kumar Popli |publisher=Vigyan Prasar |year=2003 |ISBN=81-7480-085-9 |page=91}}
*{{cite book |title=Parmanu Se Sitaro Tak
|author=Rakesh Popli |publisher=Vigyan Prasar |ISBN=81-7480-038-7}}

==References==
<references>

<ref name=Ekalobit>{{cite journal
|url = http://www.ekal.org/40/newsletter-October-2007
|journal = Newsletter October 2007
|title = Dr. Rakesh Popli, Nuclear Scientist & one of Ekal's Visionaries, passed away on September 15, 2007
|publisher = Ekal Vidyalaya Foundation
|access-date = 2012-03-22

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231229/http://www.ekal.org/40/newsletter-October-2007
|archive-date = July 14, 2014
}}</ref>

</references>

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Popli, Rakesh}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian nuclear physicists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]

Arghons

2026-01-30T22:42:22Z

AngelesEller0: general enhance layout and improved wording

{{Short description|Human settlement in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
The '''Arghons''' are a small community of descendants of immigrants from [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] and [[Kashmir]] that have intermingled with the local [[Ladakhi people|Ladakhi]] community, residing mainly in [[Leh]] and [[Kargil town|Kargil]] towns of [[Ladakh]], [[India]]. They are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Samiuddin |first1=Abida |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEXFxCK-ulUC&dq=global+encyclopaedic+ethnography+of+indian+muslim+by+abida+samiuddin%2C+r.+khanam+volume+0&pg=RA1-PA361 |title=Global Encyclopaedic Ethnography of Indian Muslim |last2=Khanam |first2=R. |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-299-3 |language=en}}</ref>

They first arrived as traders and merchants from [[Central Asia]] and [[Kashmir]] in the early 17th century. Most were traders but some were artisans, scribes and clerics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dollfus |first=Pascale |date=2021 |title=Indigenous People of Ladakh |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2665-9093_bero_com_034545 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Brill’s Encyclopedia of the Religions of the Indigenous People of South Asia Online}}</ref> Most central Asian merchants returned home at the end of the caravan season. Those who remained and settled in Ladakh married native Ladakhis and their descendants are now known as Arghons.<ref name=":0" />

Today most Arghons are merchants, although few have taken to agriculture. Most of them today speak the [[Ladakhi language]] but are also conversant in [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] and Tibetan.<ref>[http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/T%20&%20T/T%20&%20T-03-0-000-000-2005-Web/T%20&%20T-03-1-000- 000-2005-Abst-PDF/T%20&%20T-03-1-001-013-2005-036-Bhasin-V/T%20&%20T-03-1-001-013-2005-036-Bhasin-V- Full-Text.pdf]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Tibetan Muslims]]
* [[Kashmiri Muslims]]
* [[Uyghurs]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals]

{{Indian Muslim}}
{{Turkic peoples}}
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasia]]
[[Category:Central Asian people]]
[[Category:Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]

Star Mahila

2026-01-07T17:54:07Z

AngelesEller0:

{{short description|Indian Game show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| director =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| network = [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
| released =
| runtime = 40-45 minutes
| num_episodes = 3719
| first_aired = {{Start date|2007|1|1}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|4|3}}
| image = Starmahila.jpeg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = Game show
| creator =
| num_seasons = 2
| list_episodes =
| presenter = [[Suma Kanakala]]
| company = [[Mallemala Entertainments]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/star-mahilas-selections-to-be-held-in-andhra-region/articleshow/44415831.cms|title=Star Mahila's selections to be held in Andhra region|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| location =
}}

'''''Star Mahila''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[game show]] for women, hosted by [[Suma Kanakala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metromasti.com/tv/news/Star-Mahila-on-ETV-A-show-for-women/11047|title=Star Mahila on ETV – A show for women | News|date=2011-08-17|publisher=Metromasti.com}}</ref> The show airs on [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] at afternoons from 1.00-2.00 pm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/star-mahila-acts-as-laughing-therapy-for-suma/articleshow/50043805.cms|title=Star Mahila acts as laughing therapy for Suma|website=The Times of India}}</ref> It's the second longest Indian game show. Season 1 aired from 1 January 2006 to 7 June 2008 (titles as the game show “Mahilalu Maharanulu” for the first 400 episodes) and as ‘Star Mahila’ from 9 June 2008 to 26 January 2019, completing a total of 3181 episodes within a 12-year continuous run without an anchor/season/episode repeat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.gulte.com/movienews/36575/Anchor-Suma-creates-New-Record|title=Anchor Suma creates new record|website=gulte.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.tupaki.com/movienews/article/STAR-MAHILA-Is-Going-To-Be-Stop-Says-Anchor-Suma/75103|title=STAR-MAHILA-Is-Going-To-Be-Stop-Says-Anchor-Suma|website=Tupaki.com}}</ref> However, its second season was only premiered for barely 7–8 months from 17 August 2020 to 3 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Star Mahila: లిమ్కా బుక్ ఆఫ్ రికార్డ్స్ లోకి ఎక్కిన కార్యక్రమంతో మళ్లీ సుమ.. ప్రోమోతో ఆట మొదలు|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/anchor-suma-kanakala-star-mahila-coming-soon-promo-released/articleshow/77348971.cms|website=The Times of India Samayam}}</ref> It had two Super Star Mahila competitions held in two different times, but of the same season. They featured a selection of participants from various districts of all over [[Andhra Pradesh]] & [[Telangana]]. The winner of the first season (held from 20 November 2014 to 14 January 2015) was Sudha from [[Warangal]] district; whereas, the winner of ''Super'' ''Star Mahila 2'' (held from 22 August-5 November 2016) was Teja [[Swaroopa]] from [[Rajahmundry]] of [[East Godavari]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]

==Seasons==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Season
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" | Episodes
! colspan="2" | Originally broadcast ([[India]])
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" | First aired
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Last aired
|-
| 1
| 3581
| 1 January 2007
| 26 January 2019
|-
| 2
| 138
| 17 August 2020
| 3 April 2021
|}

== Background ==
Female contestants participate in a fun game show consisting of a series of challenges in order to win attractive prizes. At the end of each episode, the anchor gives free gifts to the participants for their participation. In this show, a total of six players will participate in each episode. Initially, each participant will have zero points. The anchor will make the player play some fun games and ask questions. Clearing those, the participants will receive points. Finally the participant with the highest points wins the title of Star Mahila. Before Star Mahila, the game show was titled as “Mahilalu Maharanulu” for about two and half years and it featured a total of five participant per episode. Once Star Mahila show began the next day onwards, over six participants were featured until 2000 episodes of season 1; 4 participants between 2000-3000 episodes; and eight participants within one group from 3000+ episodes (a total of 18000+ participants). The second season involved four participants held in each episode, which included a series of normal as well as celebrity participants.

==Production==
===Season 1===
The show completed a consecutive run of 2000 episodes successfully on 23 January 2015 in which actors Pradeep, Ravi, Kaushik, Lasya, Shilpa Chakraborty and [[Rajeev Kanakala]] were the guests. Its 3000-episode celebration was held three years later on 6 April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Suma-Kanakala-on-cloud-nine/articleshow/45990964.cms|title=Suma Kanakala on cloud nine|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/star-mahila-to-complete-2000-episodes/articleshow/45853771.cms|title=Star Mahila to complete 2000 episodes|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Suma Kanakala announced the ending of the longest-running women’s game show, sometime in September or October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/watch-tv-host-suma-kanakala-turns-emotional-bidding-farewell-to-star-mahila-after-12-years/articleshow/67690500.cms|title=Watch: TV host Suma Kanakala turns emotional bidding farewell to Star Mahila after 12 years|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Star Mahila (again hosted by [[Suma Kanakala]]) featured a special farewell week 3 months later from 21 January 2019 to 26 January 2019 before returning to the second season one-and-a-half year later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/star-mahila-farewell-week-promo-is-out-suma-kanakala-turns-emotional-see-video/articleshow/67366520.cms|title=star-mahila-farewell-week-promo-is-out|website=Times of India}}</ref>

===Season 2===
In July 2020, the show was confirmed while returning to a new season which premiered on 17 August 2020 and also hosted by Suma Kanakala. It ended on 3 April 2021, with a total of just 138 episodes. For the first four months, its season 2 was conducted only three days a week, from Monday to Wednesday. From new year 2021 onwards till the first week of April, Star Mahila was seen the usual six days a week (Monday to Saturday).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suma Kanakala is back with Star Mahila; watch first teaser|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/suma-kanakala-is-back-with-star-mahila-watch-first-teaser/articleshow/77193101.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Reception==
The show completed its 3000th episode in April, 2018 after which it entered in the [[Limca Book of Records]] as the longest running women's game show hosted by a single anchor.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Suma-enters-Limca-Book-of-Records-for-Star-Mahila/articleshow/46468438.cms|title=Suma enters Limca Book of Records for Star Mahila!|date=5 March 2015|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=14 June 2019}}</ref> It became her flagship show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/fathers-day-special-on-star-mahila-/articleshow/52851104.cms|title=Father's Day special on Star mahila}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/star-mahila-to-complete-2000-episodes/articleshow/45853771.cms|title=Star Mahila to complete 2000 episodes|website=timesofindia.com}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of longest-running Indian television series|List of longest running Indian Television Series]]

== References ==

<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.etv.co.in/showsentitys/home/46/ ETV Telugu official website]

[[Category:Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:ETV Telugu original programming]]

Rahul Banerjee (archer)

2025-12-30T20:45:03Z

AngelesEller0: correct intro as per guidelines as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian archer (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
|name=Rahul Banerjee
|image=The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Arjuna Award for the year-2011 to Shri Rahul Banerjee for Archery, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on August 29, 2011.crop.jpg
| image_size =
|caption=Banerjee holding [[Arjuna Award]] at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]], in [[New Delhi]] in 2011
|birth_date={{birth-date and age|15 December 1986}}
|birth_place=[[Baranagar]], [[Kolkata]], India
|death_date=
|death_place=
| height = {{convert|1.79|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|80|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
|sport=Archery
|club= Archery Academy
|alma_mater=
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[recurve archery]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze | [[2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[Archery at the 2010 Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Archery Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2007 Asian Archery Championships|2007 Xi'an]]|Team}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2005 Asian Archery Championships|2005 New Delhi]]|Team}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2009 Asian Archery Championships|2009 Denpasar]]|Team}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Delhi]] | [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve individual|Individual]]}}
}}

'''Rahul Banerjee''' ({{langx|bn|রাহুল বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়}}; born 15 December 1986) is an Indian Olympian and [[Arjuna Award|Arjuna Awardee]] archer.

==Career==
Banerjee started archery at the age of thirteen.<ref>[http://www.archery.org/RESULTS/archer_update.asp?id=1156&action= Rahul Banerjee] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720130543/http://www.archery.org/RESULTS/archer_update.asp?id=1156&action= |date=2011-07-20 }}. archery.org</ref> His sister [[Dola Banerjee]] is also an Olympic archer. His first international appearance was in Youth World Championship in 2004; he won a team silver medal, which was the first world level medal for Indian archers. He won several gold medals at the World Cups in 2008, 2009 and 2010, as well as an individual gold medal in the Asian Grand Prix in 2009–10. At the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] in [[Delhi]], he won a gold medal in the individual recurve event and he is the [[First Indian Archer]] to win gold at CWG and a team bronze medal.<ref name="toi">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cwgarticleshow/6722578.cms|title=Wrestler Sushil Kumar wins 28th CWG gold for India|date=10 October 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 October 2010}}</ref> He won a team bronze at [[2010 Asian Games]].He has represented India at more than 50 international competitions including 1 Olympic Games, 2 Asian Games, 3 World Championship, 3 Asian Championship, 8 World Cups, 10 Asian Grand Prix, 2 SAF Games, 1 Commonwealth Games and many more. He was member of the Indian Archery team which was ranked No. 1 in the world in August 2010.
Rahul Banerjee was world ranking no.6 in Individual category in November 2008

On 21 June 2012, Banerjee qualified for the [[2012 Summer Olympics|London Olympics]] by finishing second in the final qualification meet at [[Ogden, Utah]], United States.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/london-olympics/Indian-archery-team-books-Olympic-ticket/articleshow/14348332.cms |work=Times of India| title=Indian archery team books Olympic ticket| date=23 June 2012}}</ref> At the Olympics he finished 17th individually and 9th with the Indian team.<ref name=sr>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418074731/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/rahul-banerjee-1.html Rahul Banerjee]. [[sports-reference.com]]</ref>
He was awarded the '''Arjuna Award''' in 2011 by the Indian government for his outstanding contribution in the field of archery. He was honored by '''KHEL SAMMAN & KOLKATA SHRI AWARD''' by WB STATE GOVT. He has been appraised with '''SHERA BANGALI AWARD''' by the esteemed media house ABP ANANDA

==Awards and recognition ==
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Arjuna Award for the year-2011 to Shri Rahul Banerjee for Archery, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on August 29, 2011.jpg|thumb|The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Arjuna Award for the year-2011 to Shri Rahul Banerjee for Archery, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on August 29, 2011.]]

Banerjee received the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://zeenews.india.com/news/others/rahul-banerjee-to-get-arjuna-award_721445.html|work=zeenews.india.com| title= Rahul Banerjee to get Arjuna award| date=22 July 2011}}</ref>
He was honored by '''KHEL SAMMAN & KOLKATA SHRI AWARD''' by West Bengal State Government.

== Family ==
Rahul Banerjee married to Madhubanti Bhattacharjee in January 2017. In Feb. 2020, the couple had a baby girl, Bannvi.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Rahul Banerjee}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banerjee, Rahul}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male archers]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]
[[Category:Archers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Olympic archers for India]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists in archery]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:People from Baranagar]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from North 24 Parganas district]]

{{India-archery-bio-stub}}

Vasamsetti Subhash

2025-11-01T11:47:42Z

AngelesEller0: put up

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vasamsetti Subhash
|image= Vasamsetti Subhash.jpg
| office = [[Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Minister for Labour, Factories, Boilers & Insurance Medical Services]] [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 12 June 2024
| tern_end =
| governor = [[S. Abdul Nazeer]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| predecessor = [[Gummanur Jayaram]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 4 June 2024
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Chelluboyina Venugopala Krishna]]
| successor1 =
| constituency1 = [[Ramachandrapuram Assembly constituency|Ramachandrapuram]]
}}
'''Vasamsetti Subhash''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-03-14 |title=TDP releases 2nd list of candidates for 34 Assembly constituencies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/tdp-releases-2nd-list-of-candidates-for-34-assembly-constituencies/article67949918.ece |access-date=2024-06-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He has been elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly representing the [[Ramachandrapuram Assembly constituency]] in the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Ramachandrapuram Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/ramachandrapuram-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917153.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramachandrapuram Assembly Election Results 2024: Ramachandrapuram Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/ramachandrapuram-constituency-result-1042 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Three ministerial positions for the joint East Godavari">{{cite news |last1=The Hans India |first1= |date=12 June 2024 |title=Three ministerial positions for the joint East Godavari |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/three-ministerial-positions-for-the-joint-east-godavari-884182 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612061614/https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/three-ministerial-positions-for-the-joint-east-godavari-884182 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |access-date=12 June 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Subhash won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s from the [[Ramachandrapuram Assembly constituency]] by defeating Pilli Surya Prakash of [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] by a margin of 26,291 votes. He was appointed the Minister for Labour, Factories, Boilers & Insurance Medical Services in the cabinet of Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-11-05 |title=Setting up of industrial corridor, development of roads in Krishna district soon: Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/setting-up-of-industrial-corridor-development-of-roads-in-krishna-district-soon-minister/article68829726.ece |access-date=2025-02-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-council-of-ministers-full-list/article68288989.ece/

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subhash, Vasamsetti}}

[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]

{{Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry}}{{AndhraPradesh-TDP-politician-stub}}

Jandiala

2025-09-30T02:22:09Z

AngelesEller0: Expanded content with additional details

{{refimprove|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jandiala
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.17|N|75.62|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8487<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/https://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}'''Jandiala''' is a village of the [[Jalandhar district]] situated in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].

==Demographics==
The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Jandiala town and their [[sex ratio|gender ratio]], as of the 2011 census.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Population by religious groups in Jandiala town, 2011 census<ref>https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389, India - C-01: Population by religious community, Punjab - 2011, Jandiala (CT)</ref>
!Religion!!Total!!Female!!Male!!Gender ratio
|-
|Hindu||4,155||2,008||2,147||935
|-
|Sikh||3,950||1,907||2,043||933
|-
|Muslim||302||138||164||841
|-
|Christian||75||36||39||923
|-
|Total||8,487||4,092||4,395||931
|}

== Housing ==
Jandiala's revenue records show that the total area of ownership of the village is 3399 acres out of which (according to the figures of 2006 census) the village is situated on 61 acres and farming is done on 2,989 acres. According to the 2006 census, the total number of houses is 1666.

== History ==
The people of Jandiala believe that the foundation stone of the town was laid in 1426 by a Johal [[Jat Sikh|Jat]] named Ladha. When Ladha settled down, he had laid the foundation of his camp with a jand tree called the Morhi Gadna. Due to this, the name of Ladha’s camp became Jandwala.

==Education==
The only rural government college in Jalandhar is called the Guru Gobind Singh Government College Jandiala.
==Religion==
People of religious devotion built fourteen [[gurdwaras]], six temples, a mosque in the six pattis of the village. A [[khanga]] and a branch of Radha Swami Dera Beas have been built. The historic Gurdwara Dehura Sahib associated with Guru Arjan Dev Ji is situated on Jandiala.
==Sarpanches==
The first panchayat elections were held in Jandiala after Indian independence in 1952. The details of the sarpanches elected since then are as follows:

* Giani Sohan Singh (1952 - 1957)
* Giani Sohan Singh (1957 - 1962)
* Comerade Ajit Singh Johal (1962 - 1972)
* Swaran Singh Johal (1972 - 1977)
* Comerade Jagir Singh Johal (1977 - 1982)
* Baba Rajinder Singh Johal (1982 - 1993)
* Gurchetan Singh Johal (1993 - 1998)
* (no elections held from 1998 to 2003)
* Baba Rajinder Singh Johal (2003 - 2008)
* Comerade Narinder Kaur (2008 - 2013)
* Gurbakhsh Kaur Johal (2013 - 2018)
* Comerade Makhan Lal Pallan (2019 - 2024)
* Kamaljit Singh Sahota (2024-present)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]
[[Category:Census towns in Jalandhar district]]
{{Jalandhar district}}

List of programs broadcast by Sony Pal

2025-09-29T21:05:59Z

AngelesEller0: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Sony Pal]]
{{R from merge}}

Jayasimha I of Malwa

2025-09-12T04:33:36Z

AngelesEller0:

{{Short description|King of Malwa from 1055 to 1070}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = [[King of Malwa]]
| title = Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
| reign = {{circa|1055|1070}}
| predecessor = [[Bhoja]]
| successor = [[Udayaditya]]
| dynasty = [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]
}}
{{Location map
|India Madhya Pradesh
|label = Mandhata
|position = right
|lat = 22.25
|long = 76.15
|caption = Location of [[Mandhata]], where the only available inscription of Jayasimha has been found
|float = right
|width = 250
}}
'''Jayasimha''' (reigned c. 1055–1070) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Malwa in central India. He was the successor, and possibly the son, of the dynasty's most powerful king [[Bhoja]]. He appears to have ascended the throne with the support of the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] prince [[Vikramaditya VI]], and appears to have been dethroned by Vikramaditya's rival brother [[Someshvara II]].

== Source of information ==

The only known inscription that mentions a Paramara ruler named Jayasimha is the 1055-56 CE [[Mandhata]] copper-plate inscription. It is very similar to Bhoja's inscriptions, and records the grant of the Bhima village to [[Brahmin]]s. The inscription is dated 1112 [[Vikrama Samvat]]; the exact date corresponds to either 27 May 1055 CE (assuming ''[[Chaitradi]]'' year) or 13 July 1056 CE (assuming ''[[Karttikadi]]'' year). It mentions Jayasimha's predecessors as Bhoja, [[Sindhuraja]] and [[Vakpati Munja|Vakpatiraja]]. Jayasimha's titles and name are given as "Parama-bhattaraka [[Maharajadhiraja]] Parameshvara Jayasimha-deva".{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|pp=62-63}}

No other Paramara inscription mentions Jayasimha. The ''Udaipur Prashasti'' and the ''Nagpur Prashasti'' of the later Paramara kings omit Jayasimha's name, and mention Bhoja's brother [[Udayaditya]] as the next king after Bhoja.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=63}}

== Biography ==

Jayasimha was probably Bhoja's son.{{sfn|A. K. Warder|1992|pp=177}} At the time of Bhoja's death, a confederacy of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] king [[Lakshmikarna|Karna]] and the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Bhima I]] had attacked Malwa.{{sfn|K. N. Seth|1978|pp=182-184}} It is possible that Jayasimha and Udayaditya were rival claimants to the throne under these conditions.{{sfn|P. N. Kawthekar|1995|p=72}}

[[Bilhana]], a court poet of the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] king [[Vikramaditya VI]] mentions that his patron had helped re-establish the rule of a king in Malwa. Bilhana does not name the king of Malwa, but it appears that he was Jayasimha.{{sfn|P. N. Kawthekar|1995|p=72}} P. N. Kawthekar theorizes Jayasimha sought help from the Chalukya king [[Someshvara I]], who dispatched prince Vikramaditya to help Jayasimha ascend the throne.{{sfn|P. N. Kawthekar|1995|p=72}}

After the death of Someshavara I, there was a war of succession between the Chalukya princes [[Someshvara II]] and Vikramaditya VI. It appears that Someshvara II considered Jayasimha an ally of Vikramaditya, and therefore, allied with Karna to dethrone him.{{sfn|K. C. Jain|1972|p=354}} Jayasimha may have been killed in the ensuing conflict. Later, Udayaditya ascended the Paramara throne, and salvaged the kingdom.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=21}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=A. K. Warder |title=Indian Kāvya Literature: The art of storytelling |chapter=XLVI: The Vikramaditya Legend |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fl0l5ZTkNxIC&pg=PA176 |year=1992 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0615-3 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Arvind K. Singh |title=Interpreting the History of the Paramāras |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=22 |issue=1 |year=2012 |pages=13–28 |jstor=41490371 }}
* {{cite book |author=Harihar Vitthal Trivedi |title=Inscriptions of the Paramāras (Part 2) |series=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume VII: Inscriptions of the Paramāras, Chandēllas, Kachchapaghātas, and two minor dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B4LAQAAMAAJ |year=1991 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1451755 |ref={{harvid|H. V. Trivedi|1991}} }}
* {{cite book |author=K. C. Jain |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA354 |year=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9 }}
* {{cite book |author=K. N. Seth |title=The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4dAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Progress |year=1978 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq5rT0yXGC0C&pg=PA72 |title=Bilhana |author=P. N. Kawthekar |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1995 |isbn=9788172017798 }}
{{ref end}}

{{Paramara dynasty}}

[[Category:Kings of Malwa]]
[[Category:Paramara dynasty]]
[[Category:11th-century Indian monarchs]]

Raul Nicolau Gonçalves

2025-08-10T16:13:27Z

AngelesEller0: created basic page first draft...

{{Short description|Indian Roman Catholic prelate (1927–2022)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Archbishop Emeritus
| honorific-prefix = [[His Beatitude]]
| name = Raul Nicolau Gonçalves
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = {{Plainlist|
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Archbishop of Goa and Daman]]
* [[Patriarchate of the East Indies|Patriarch of the East Indies]]
}}
| image = ArchbishopRaulNicolauGonçalves.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Archbishop Gonçalves in 2010
| church =
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see = [[Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Goa and Daman]]
| elected =
| appointed = 30 January 1978
| term =
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end = 12 December 2003
| predecessor = [[José Vieira Alvernaz]]
| opposed =
| successor = [[Filipe Neri Ferrão]]
| other_post = [[Patriarch of the East Indies]] (1978–2003)

| ordination = 21 December 1950
| ordinated_by =
| consecration = 5 March 1967
| consecrated_by = Cardinal [[James Knox]]
| cardinal =
| rank = 
| birth_name = Raul Nicolau Gonçalves
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|6|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bambolim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|7|1|1927|6|15}}
| death_place = [[Porvorim]], Goa, India
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Auxiliary Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa e Damão|Goa e Damão]] (1967–1978)|Titular Bishop of Rapidum (1967–1978)}}
| education =
| alma_mater =
| motto =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms_alt = 
| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date = 
| other =
}}

'''Raul Nicolau Gonçalves'''{{Efn|The last name is also spelled '''Gonsalves'''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vatican.edu/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/migrants/documents/rc_pc_migrants_doc_20040729_Bangkok_findoc_po.html |title=Sexto Congresso Mundial sobre a Pastoral do Turismo |date=8 July 2004 |website=vatican.edu |location=Bangkok |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805203738/http://www.vatican.edu/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/migrants/documents/rc_pc_migrants_doc_20040729_Bangkok_findoc_po.html |archive-date=5 August 2012 |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.archgoadaman.org/content/patriarchs |title=Patriarchs |publisher=Archdiocese of Goa and Daman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915054819/http://www.archgoadaman.org/content/patriarchs |archive-date=15 September 2013}}</ref>}} (15 June 1927 – 1 July 2022) was an Indian prelate. He was the first [[Goan Catholic|Goan catholic]] to be [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Archbishop of Goa]] and Patriarch of the East Indies.<ref name="Vaz">Vaz, J. Clement. Profiles of Eminent Goans, past and Present. New Delhi: Concept Pub., 1997. Print. p. 53</ref>

He was the [[archbishop emeritus]] of Goa.<ref name="CH">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgonsrn.html|title=Archbishop Raul Nicolau Gonsalves [Catholic-Hierarchy]|first=David M.|last=Cheney|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref> The current Archbishop and Cardinal-Elect Archbishop Filip Neri Ferrao served the [[Archdiocese of Goa and Daman]], as auxiliary bishop, to Raul Nicolau, for about ten years, from 1994 to 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.familyservicecentregoa.org/content_display.php?id=T |title=Diocesan Family Service Centre |accessdate=8 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814050136/http://www.familyservicecentregoa.org/content_display.php?id=T |archivedate=14 August 2015}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Raul Nicolau was born in [[Bambolim]], [[Tiswadi]], and studied at Rachol<ref name="Vaz"/> and later at the [[Pontifical Urban University]] in Rome. He was ordained in the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|diocese of Goa and Daman]] on 21 December 1950. On 5 January 1967, he was appointed titular bishop of Rapidum, Apostolic Administrator of the archdiocese, and auxiliary bishop of Goa and Daman.<ref name="CH" />

== Named Archbishop ==
On 30 January 1978, [[Pope Paul VI]] through the [[papal bull]] ''Quoniam Archidioecesi'' named him Archbishop of Goa and [[Patriarch of the East Indies]] (and therefore Primate of the East and Titular Archbishop of Cranganore). He retired 16 January 2004, after reaching 75 years of age<ref name="CH" /> the compulsory retirement age, in conformity with the [[1983 Code of Canon Law]] canon 401 § 1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fides.org/en/news/1526-ASIA_INDIA_GOA_and_DAMAO_ARCHBISHOP_RAUL_GONSALVES_RESIGNS_MGR_FILIPE_NERI_ANTONIO_SEBASTIAO_DO_ROSARIO_FERRAO_APPOINTED_ARCHBISHOP#.VcXJwnjC2tY|title=ASIA/INDIA – GOA and DAMAO, ARCHBISHOP RAUL GONSALVES RESIGNS, MGR FILIPE NERI ANTÓNIO SEBASTIÃO DO ROSARIO FERRÃO APPOINTED ARCHBISHOP – Agenzia Fides|first=Agenzia|last=Fides|website=www.fides.org}}</ref>

He was consecrated by Cardinal James Robert Knox.<ref name="CH" /> He also was the principal consecrant of Dom [[Filipe Neri Ferrão|Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão]] and the co-consecrating bishop was Aleixo das Neves Dias, SFX.<ref name="CH" />

== Other achievements ==
He was one of the members of the Commission constituted by then-Archbishop-Patriarch, Dom [[José Vieira Alvernaz]] for the establishment of [[Caritas Internationalis|Caritas]] Goa on 3 January 1962 through Portaria No. 2-62.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caritasgoa.org/about_us.html |title=About Us |website=www.caritasgoa.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221003603/http://www.caritasgoa.org/about_us.html |archive-date=21 February 2012}} </ref>

He is credited with being the moving spirit, as the then-Apostolic Administrator, for the setting up of the Diocesan Family Service Centre of the [[Archdiocese of Goa and Daman]] in 1975. Gonçalves "felt the need to establish it, during a very critical time where family life was threatened by the then powers-to-be especially when Emergency was declared and forced sterilization was in vogue as part of controlling the population."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyservicecentregoa.org/about-us.php|title=Diocesan Family Service Centre|website=www.familyservicecentregoa.org}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The Archdiocese of Goa and Daman's website credits him with being the "first Goan to be appointed Archbishop of Goa and Daman, and Patriarch of the East Indies."<ref>{{cite web |year = 2017 |url = http://www.archgoadaman.org/content/historical-firsts |title = Historical Firsts – Archdiocese of Goa and Daman |publisher = Archdiocese of Goa and Daman |accessdate = 27 April 2017 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180614171529/http://www.archgoadaman.org/content/historical-firsts |archivedate = 14 June 2018 |df = mdy-all |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Gonçalves has been a member of the Vatican's Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/migrants/pom2004_96-suppl/rc_pc_migrants_pom96-suppl_elenco-part.html|title=People on the Move, No 96 (Suppl.)|website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>

Gonçalves assumed the helm of the Goan Church amidst a changing political situation. After Portuguese rule in Goa was ended by Indian military action, the Portuguese Archbishop-Patriarch Alvernaz left for Portugal and retired to his home in the [[Azores]] but remained the formal Patriarch of Goa till his resignation in 1975. From December 1963 the Archdiocese of Goa was governed by its first Indian Bishop, Msgr. Francisco da Piedade Rebello, as Apostolic Administrator. Beginning in 1967 he was assisted by Gonçalves as Auxiliary Bishop. Gonçalves succeeded him as an Apostolic Administrator in 1972. After 1975, when Portugal recognised the end of their rule in Goa following a change of leadership in Lisbon, Bishop Gonçalves became the first Goan to actually become the Archbishop-Patriarch of Goa, in 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Reminiscences-Of-Goa%E2%80%99s-Liberation/82454.html|title=Reminiscences Of Goa's Liberation|publisher=|access-date=8 August 2015|archive-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001215347/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Reminiscences-Of-Goa%E2%80%99s-Liberation/82454.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

With his appointment, it was argued that "for the first time... Goa's Roman Catholic patriarch is a Goan".<ref name="Toledo">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19860727&id=gg4wAAAAIBAJ&pg=3188,716033&hl=en|title=Toledo Blade – Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}</ref> Prior to this "the appointee for centuries was Portuguese."<ref name="Toledo" />

== Death ==
After his retirement, Archbishop Emeritus kept a low profile, confining himself to pastoral works. He died on 1 July 2022 at JMJ Hospital in Goa where he had been hospitalised for the last 10 days. He celebrated his 95th birthday on 15 June 2022 and shepherded the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman for 37 long years as its Archbishop and Patriarch of the East Indies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patriarch Raul Nicolau Gonsalves † |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgonsrn.html |website=Catholic-Hierarchy.org |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[In partibus infidelium]]

== Notes ==
{{Noteslist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/eind0.htm#1431 GCatholic]
* [http://www.supergoa.com/pt/read/news_cronica.asp?c_news=382 supergoa.com] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20150813202744/http%3A//www.supergoa.com/pt/read/news_cronica.asp?c_news%3D382 |date=13 August 2015 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef | before=[[José Vieira Alvernaz]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=Patriarch of the East Indies|years=1978–2003}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão]]}}
{{s-bef | before=[[José Vieira Alvernaz]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=Archbishop of Goa and Daman|years=1978–2003}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão]]}}
{{s-bef | before=''Post created''}}
{{s-ttl | title=Titular Bishop of Rapidum|years=1967–1968}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Gyula Szakos]]}}
{{s-bef | before=—}}
{{s-ttl | title=Auxiliary Bishop of Goa e Damão|years=1967–1968}}
{{s-aft | after=—}}
{{end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goncalves, Raul Nicolau}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in India]]
[[Category:Portuguese people of Goan descent]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in India]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of the East Indies]]
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Goan Catholics]]

Salon Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T05:36:03Z

AngelesEller0: stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Salon
| map_image = 181-Salon.svg
| state = Uttar Pradesh
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]]
| electors = 3,49,294
| constituency_no = 181
| district = [[Rae Bareli district|Rae Bareli]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Ashok Kori]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
}}
'''Salon''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Salon in the [[Rae Bareli district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Salon is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 181 amongst 403 constituencies. As of 2022, it is represented by [[Ashok Kori]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=election2022/>{{update after|2027}}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Asha Kishore]]<ref name="election2002">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3260-uttar-pradesh-2002/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Shiv Balak Pasi]]<ref name="election2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3261-uttar-pradesh-2007/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Ashakishore]]<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Dal Bahadur]]<ref name=election2017/>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Ashok Kori]]<ref name=election2022/>
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Salon<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ashok Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:87715}}
|percentage = 43.79
|change = +3.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Jagdish Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:85604}}
|percentage = 42.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Arjun Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:11439}}
|percentage = 5.71
|change = -26.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Swati Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:9335}}
|percentage = 4.66
|change = -15.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2042}}
|percentage = 1.02
|change = -0.85
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2111}}
|percentage = 1.06
|change = -7.26
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:200323}}
|percentage = 57.35
|change = +0.59
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''Dal Bahadur''' won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Indian National Congress]] candidate '''Suresh Choudhary''' by a margin of 16,055 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Salo<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dal Bahadur
|votes = {{formatnum:78028}}
|percentage = 40.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Suresh Chaudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:61973}}
|percentage = 32.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Braj Lal Pasi
|votes = {{formatnum:39851}}
|percentage = 20.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Parasnath Dhangar
|votes = {{formatnum:1893}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Manavtawadi Samaj Party
|candidate = Amit Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1884}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3540}}
|percentage = 1.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:16055}}
|percentage = 8.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:192964}}
|percentage = 56.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Raebareli district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Raebareli district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Kalampora

2025-07-30T06:50:45Z

AngelesEller0: put up page

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalampora
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Kalampur Kalam Pora
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.8|N|74.81|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Jammu and Kashmir}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]
| established_title = Settled
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.25
| area_footnotes =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 58.59%
| blank3_name_sec1 = Distance from Pulwama
| blank3_info_sec1 = {{convert|15|km|mi}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Distance from Srinagar
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|42|km|mi}}
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2606
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN Code
| postal_code = 192301
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kalampora''', also known as '''Kalampur''' or '''Kalam Pora''', is a village in [[Pulwama district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jsk.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Pulwama.pdf |title=Health Facilities of JAMMU & KASHMIR, District Pulwama |website=jsk.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]], [[Government of India]] }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-terrorists-attack-imam-in-jammu-and-kashmir-s-pulwama-2633786 |title=Terrorists attack imam in Jammu and Kashmir's Pulwama |website=dnaindia.com |publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=6 July 2018}}</ref> This village is situated between [[Shopian district]] at a distance of 14 km towards South and [[Pulwama]] at a distance of 15 km towards North where its district headquarters are located. It takes 1 hour and 44 minutes to cover the distance of 47 km between ''Kalampora'' and state summer capital [[Srinagar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/dir/Kalampora/Srinagar/@33.9412262,74.7174003,11z/am=t/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x38e1f10860d467b5:0xf14c071d8b74f4e9!2m2!1d74.8258562!2d33.7989402!1m5!1m1!1s0x38e1855686e3c5ef:0x66244b7cc1e305c6!2m2!1d74.7972825!2d34.0836708!3e0 |title=from Kalampora to Srinagar |website=maps.google.com |publisher=[[Google Maps]] |access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>

==Population==
According to The 15th Indian Census report, there are 833 householders residing in Kalampora village where, the total population is 5334 of which, 2709 are males and 2625 are females. The literacy rate recorded against the literacy rate 67.16% of Jammu and Kashmir, was 58.59% including men and women.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/3247-kalam-pora-jammu-and-kashmir.html |title=Kalam Pora Population - Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir |website=census2011.co.in |publisher=[[2011 Census of India]] |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>

==Educational institutes==
In Kalampora, Three educational institutions two high schools, one govt and one private & one primary school are working under the Shadimarg zone which provides education up to 10th standard. The village needs one higher secondary school in order to cater education needs of the area. Students of higher secondary level have to walk many kilometres for education purpose.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dsek.nic./Misc/privatepulwama.pdf |title=DISTRICT Pulwama - Directorate of School Education Kashmir |website=dsek.nic.in |publisher=Directorate of School Education, Kashmir |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref> The Department of Education J&K, has established a school (officially known as HS Kalampora) which provides elementary education to the students of this village.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ssa.jk.gov.in/plan/2015-16Schoollist.pdf |title=DISTRICT Pulwama - Directorate of School Education, Kashmir |website=ssa.jk.gov.in |publisher=[[Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan]], Jammu & Kashmir |accessdate=27 November 2018 |archive-date=27 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827085901/http://ssa.jk.gov.in/plan/2015-16Schoollist.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Pulwama district}}

[[Category:Villages in Pulwama district]]

India International Arbitration Centre

2025-03-20T08:59:47Z

AngelesEller0:

{{Use Hong Kong English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox high court
| court_name = India International Arbitration Centre (IIAC)
| native_name =
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| established = 2020
| location = Vasant Kunj, [[Delhi]]
| coordinates =
| website = [https://indiaiac.org indiaiac.org]
| chiefjudgetitle = Chairperson
| chiefjudgename = Justice [[Hemant Gupta]] ''(Retd.)''
| termstart =
}}

The '''India International Arbitration Centre''' is an autonomous<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iclg.com/cdr/arbitration-and-adr/9933-new-delhi-international-arbitration-centre-forges-ahead|title=CDR - Commercial Dispute Resolution|first=Angela|last=Bilbow|website=Arbitration, Litigation, Dispute Resolution | CDR Magazine}}</ref> institution based in [[Delhi]], to conduct arbitration, mediation, and conciliation proceedings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/new-delhi-international-arbitration-centre-bill-2019|title=The New Delhi International Arbitration Centre Bill, 2019|date=4 July 2019|website=PRSIndia}}</ref> It was established in 2019 and declared as an [[Institute of National Importance]] by an Act of Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/lok-sabha-passes-international-arbitration-centre-bill/1639839/|title=Lok Sabha passes International Arbitration Centre Bill|date=10 July 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/208563.pdf Official Act]

[[Category:Arbitration organizations]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Law of India]]

{{India-org-stub}}

Khemkaranpur, Firozabad

2025-01-06T00:22:29Z

AngelesEller0: put up new details

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Other uses|Khemkaranpur (disambiguation){{!}}Khemkaranpur}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khemkaranpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Firozabad block Khemkaranpur.png
| map_caption = Map showing Khemkaranpur in Firozabad block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.17622|N|78.31224|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.033
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 583
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Khemkaranpur''' ({{IAST|Khemkaranpur}}) is a small village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it had a population of 583, in 94 households.

== Geography ==
Khemkaranpur is located west of Firozabad, on the main line of the [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]. The Hirangaon railway station is located in Khemkaranpur, although [[Hirangaon]] is actually a separate village to the northeast. The village of [[Ulau]] is also located just north of Khemkaranpur.<ref name="Survey of India map G44A8">{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Khemkaranpur had a population of 583, in 94 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|119}} This population was 52.7% male (307) and 47.3% female (276). The 0-6 age group numbered 103 (55 male and 48 female), making up 17.7% of the total population. 343 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 58.8% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|110-1}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Khemkaranpur (here spelled as two words, "Khem Karanpur") as having a population of 472 people (280 male and 192 female), in 89 households and 89 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|192-3}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Khemkaranpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 91 people (42 male and 49 female), in 16 households and 9 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 256 acres and it had a railway station at that point.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xciv}}

== Economy ==
The three most significant agricultural crops produced at Khemkaranpur are [[barley]], [[potato]], and [[mustard plant|mustard]].<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|125}} There is also a prominent glass factory in the village.<ref name="Survey of India map G44A8"/>

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Khemkaranpur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|119-24}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

11th Punjab Assembly

2024-12-31T12:40:59Z

AngelesEller0: New

{{short description|Members of Punjab Legislative Assembly}}
{{One source|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Fifteenth Legislative Assembly of Punjab
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| transcription_name =
| legislature =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res = 250px
| coa_alt =
| house_type = Unicameral
| term_length = 2017-2022
| body =
| houses = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| foundation = March 1997
| disbanded = March 2002
| preceded_by = [[10th Punjab Assembly]]
| succeeded_by = [[12th Punjab Assembly]]
| leader1_type = [[List of Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| leader1 = [[Charanjit Singh Atwal]]
| party1 =
|election1 =
| leader2_type = [[List of Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = [[Leader of the House of Punjab Legislative Assembly|Leader of the House]]
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| election3 =
| leader4_type =
| leader4 =
| party4 =
| election4 =
| leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader5 =
| leader6 =
| leader7 =
| committees1 =
| committees2 =
| joint_committees =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]]
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 = [[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|February 1997]]
| next_election1 = [[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|February 2002]]
| redistricting =
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place =
| members = '''117'''
| structure1 =
| structure1_res =
| political_groups1 = 
}}
[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] for the constitution of the '''Eleventh Legislative Assembly of Punjab''' was held in the Indian state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref name= pdf>{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1997/StatiscialReport-PU97.pdf |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1997 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PUNJAB}} [[Election Commission of India]]</ref>

The term of the tenth Punjab assembly ended with its dissolution on 11 March 1996. The dissolution was necessitated after the results of the election was declared.


== Composition ==
=== By alliance ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!S.No.
!Alliance
!Seats
|-
!1.
|Akali Dal Alliance
|95
|-
!2.
|Congress Alliance
|16
|-
!3.
|BSP Alliance
|2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!113
|}

===By party ===
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1997<ref name= pdf />|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
|-
| {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|align="left"|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||75
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|align="left"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||18
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||14
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India]]||2
|-
| {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|align="left"|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||1
|-
| {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)}}
|align="left"|[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)|Shiromani Akali Dal (M)]]||1
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||6
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''||'''117'''
|-
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="1" | S.No.
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |AC Name
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |AC No.
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Type
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Member
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Party
|-
|1
|[[Abohar Assembly constituency|Abohar]]
|91
|GEN
|Ram Kumar
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|2
|[[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Adampur]]
|28
|GEN
|Saroop Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|3
|[[Ajnala Assembly constituency|Ajnala]]
|20
|GEN
|Rattan Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|4
|[[Amloh Assembly constituency|Amloh]]
|78
|SC
|Balwant Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|5
|[[Amritsar Central Assembly constituency|Amritsar Central]]
|18
|GEN
|Laxmi Kanta Chawla
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|6
|[[Amritsar North Assembly constituency|Amritsar North]]
|16
|GEN
|[[Baldev Raj Chawla]]
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|7
|[[Amritsar South Assembly constituency|Amritsar South]]
|19
|GEN
|Manjit Singh Calcutta
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|8
|[[Amritsar West Assembly constituency|Amritsar West]]
|17
|GEN
|Om Parkash Soni
|Independent
|-
|9
|[[Anandpur Sahib-Ropar Assembly constituency|Anandpur Sahib-Ropar]]
|66
|GEN
|Tara Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|10
|[[Attari Assembly constituency|Attari]]
|22
|SC
|Gulzar Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|11
|[[Bhagha Purana Assembly constituency|Bagha Purana]]
|100
|GEN
|Sadhu Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|12
|[[Balachaur Assembly constituency|Balachaur]]
|44
|GEN
|Nand Lal
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|13
|[[Balluana Assembly constituency|Balluana]]
|90
|SC
|Gurtej Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|14
|[[Banga Assembly constituency|Banga]]
|37
|SC
|Mohan Lal
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|15
|[[Banur Assembly constituency|Banur]]
|70
|GEN
|Kanwaljit Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|16
|[[Barnala Assembly constituency|Barnala]]
|83
|GEN
|Malkiat Singh
|Independent
|-
|17
|[[Batala Assembly constituency|Batala]]
|2
|GEN
|Jagdish
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|18
|[[Beas Assembly constituency|Beas]]
|12
|GEN
|Manmohan Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|19
|[[Bhadaur Assembly constituency|Bhadaur]]
|84
|SC
|Balbir Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|20
|[[Bhatinda Assembly constituency|Bhatinda]]
|111
|GEN
|Chiranji Lal Garg
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|21
|[[Bholath Assembly constituency|Bholath]]
|40
|GEN
|Jagir Kaur
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|22
|[[Budhalada Assembly constituency|Budhlada]]
|116
|GEN
|Hardev Singh
|Communist Party Of India
|-
|23
|[[Chamkaur Sahib Assembly constituency|Chamkaur Sahib]]
|67
|SC
|Satwant Kaur
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|24
|[[Dakala Assembly constituency|Dakala]]
|73
|GEN
|Harmail Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|25
|[[Dakha Assembly constituency|Dakha]]
|55
|SC
|Bikramjit Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|26
|[[Dasuya Assembly constituency|Dasuya]]
|51
|GEN
|Romesh Chander
|Indian National Congress
|-
|27
|[[Dhanaula Assembly constituency|Dhanaula]]
|85
|GEN
|Gobind Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|28
|[[Dharamkot Assembly constituency|Dharamkot]]
|98
|SC
|Sital Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|29
|[[Dhariwal Assembly constituency|Dhariwal]]
|6
|GEN
|Sucha Singh Langah
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|30
|[[Dhuri Assembly constituency|Dhuri]]
|80
|GEN
|Dhanwant Singh
|Independent
|-
|31
|[[Dina Nagar Assembly constituency|Dina Nagar]]
|8
|SC
|Roop Rani
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|32
|[[Dirba Assembly constituency|Dirbha]]
|87
|GEN
|Gurcharan Singh
|Indian National Congress
|-
|33
|[[Faridkot Assembly constituency|Faridkot]]
|104
|GEN
|Avtar Singh
|Indian National Congress
|-
|34
|[[Fatehgarh Sahib Assembly constituency|Fatehgarh]]
|1
|GEN
|Nirmal Singh
|Independent
|-
|35
|[[Fazilka Assembly constituency|Fazilka]]
|92
|GEN
|Surjit Kumar
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|36
|[[Firozepur Assembly constituency|Firozepur]]
|95
|GEN
|Girdhara Singh
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|37
|[[Firozepur Cantonment Assembly constituency|Firozepur Cantonment]]
|96
|GEN
|Janmeja Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|38
|[[Garhdiwala Assembly constituency|Garhdiwala]]
|50
|SC
|Sohan Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|39
|[[Garhshankar Assembly constituency|Garhshankar]]
|45
|GEN
|Shingara Ram Sahungra
|Bahujan Samaj Party
|-
|40
|[[Ghanaur Assembly constituency|Ghanaur]]
|72
|GEN
|Ajaib Singh Mukhmail Pura
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|41
|[[Gidderbaha Assembly constituency|Giddar Baha]]
|106
|GEN
|Manpreet Singh Badal
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|42
|[[Gurudaspur Assembly constituency|Gurdaspur]]
|7
|GEN
|Kartar Singh Pahra
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|43
|[[Guru Har Sahai Assembly constituency|Guru Har Sahai]]
|94
|GEN
|Paramjit Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|44
|[[Hoshiarpur Assembly constituency|Hoshiarpur]]
|47
|GEN
|Tikhshan Sood
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|45
|[[Jagraon Assembly constituency|Jagraon]]
|53
|GEN
|Bhag Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|46
|[[Jalalabad, Punjab Assembly constituency|Jalalabad]]
|93
|GEN
|Sher Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|47
|[[Jandiala Assembly constituency|Jandiala]]
|15
|SC
|Ajaypal Singh Mirankot
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|48
|[[Joga Assembly constituency|Joga]]
|114
|GEN
|Baldev Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|49
|[[Jalandhar Cantonment Assembly constituency|Jullundur Cantonment]]
|29
|GEN
|Tej Parkash Singh
|Indian National Congress
|-
|50
|[[Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency|Jullundur Central]]
|31
|GEN
|Manoranjan Kalia
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|51
|[[Jalandhar North Assembly constituency|Jullundur North]]
|30
|GEN
|Avtar Henry
|Indian National Congress
|-
|52
|[[Jalandhar South Assembly constituency|Jullundur South]]
|32
|SC
|Chuni Lal
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|53
|[[Kahnuwan Assembly constituency|Kahnuwan]]
|5
|GEN
|Sewa Singh Sekhwan
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|54
|[[Kapurthala Assembly constituency|Kapurthala]]
|41
|GEN
|Raghbir Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|55
|[[Kartarpur Assembly constituency|Kartarpur]]
|33
|SC
|Jagjit Singh
|Indian National Congress
|-
|56
|[[Khadoor Sahib Assembly constituency|Khadoor Sahib]]
|24
|SC
|Ranjit Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|57
|[[Khanna Assembly constituency|Khanna]]
|64
|SC
|Bachan Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|58
|[[Kharar Assembly constituency|Kharar]]
|69
|GEN
|Daljeet Kaur
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|59
|[[Kotkapura Assembly constituency|Kot Kapura]]
|103
|GEN
|Mantar Singh
|Independent
|-
|60
|[[Kum Kalan Assembly constituency|Kum Kalan]]
|62
|SC
|Charanjit Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|61
|[[Lambi Assembly constituency|Lambi]]
|108
|GEN
|Parkash Singh Badal
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|62
|[[Lehra Assembly constituency|Lehra]]
|89
|GEN
|Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
|Indian National Congress
|-
|63
|[[Lohian Assembly constituency|Lohian]]
|34
|GEN
|Ajit Singh Kohar
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|64
|[[Ludhiana East Assembly constituency|Ludhiana East]]
|59
|GEN
|Sat Pal Gosain
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|65
|[[Ludhiana North Assembly constituency|Ludhiana North]]
|57
|GEN
|Rakesh Kumar
|Indian National Congress
|-
|66
|[[Ludhiana Rural Assembly constituency|Ludhiana Rural]]
|60
|GEN
|Hira Singh Gabbaria
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|67
|[[Ludhiana West Assembly constituency|Ludhiana West]]
|58
|GEN
|Maheshinder Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|68
|[[Mahidpur Assembly constituency|Mahilpur]]
|46
|SC
|Sohan Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|69
|[[Majitha Assembly constituency|Majitha]]
|13
|GEN
|Parkash Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|70
|[[Malerkotla Assembly constituency|Malerkotla]]
|81
|GEN
|Nusrat Ali Khan
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|71
|[[Malout Assembly constituency|Malout]]
|107
|SC
|Sujan Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|72
|[[Mansa, Punjab Assembly constituency|Mansa]]
|115
|GEN
|Sukhvinder Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|73
|[[Moga Assembly constituency|Moga]]
|99
|GEN
|Tota Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|74
|[[Morinda Assembly constituency|Morinda]]
|68
|GEN
|Ravi Inder Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|75
|[[Mukerian Assembly constituency|Mukerian]]
|52
|GEN
|Arunesh Kumar
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|76
|[[Muktsar Assembly Constituency|Muktsar]]
|105
|GEN
|[[Harnirpal Singh]]
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|77
|[[Nabha Assembly constituency|Nabha]]
|77
|GEN
|Narinder Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|78
|[[Nakodar Assembly constituency|Nakodar]]
|35
|GEN
|Amarjit Singh Samra
|Indian National Congress
|-
|79
|[[Nangal Assembly constituency|Nangal]]
|65
|GEN
|Madan Mohan Mittal
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|80
|[[Narot Mehra Assembly constituency|Narot Mehra]]
|9
|SC
|Ram Lal
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|81
|[[Nathana Assembly constituency|Nathana]]
|112
|SC
|Balbir Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|82
|[[Naushahra Panwan Assembly constituency|Naushahra Panwan]]
|25
|GEN
|Ranjit Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|83
|[[Nawan Shahr Assembly constituency|Nawan Shahr]]
|38
|GEN
|Charanjit Singh
|Independent
|-
|84
|[[Nihal Singh Wala Assembly constituency|Nihal Singh Wala]]
|101
|SC
|Ajaib Singh
|Communist Party Of India
|-
|85
|[[Nur Mahal Assembly constituency|Nur Mahal]]
|36
|GEN
|Gurdip Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|86
|[[Pakka Kalan Assembly Constituency|Pakka Kalan]]
|110
|SC
|Makhan Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|87
|[[Panjgrain Assembly constituency|Panjgrain]]
|102
|SC
|Gurdev Singh Badal
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|88
|[[Pathankot Assembly constituency|Pathankot]]
|10
|GEN
|Mohan Lal
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|89
|[[Patiala Assembly constituency|Patiala Town]]
|76
|GEN
|Surjit Singh Kohli
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|90
|[[Patti, Punjab Assembly constituency|Patti]]
|26
|GEN
|Adaish Partap Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|91
|[[Payal Assembly constituency|Payal]]
|61
|GEN
|Sadhu Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|92
|[[Phagwara Assembly constituency|Phagwara]]
|43
|SC
|Swarna Ram
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|93
|[[Phillaur Assembly constituency|Phillaur]]
|39
|SC
|Sarwan Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|94
|[[Qadian Assembly constituency|Qadian]]
|3
|GEN
|Natha Singh Dalam
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|95
|[[Qila Raipur Assembly constituency|Qila Raipur]]
|56
|GEN
|Parkash Singh Badal
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|96
|[[Raikot Assembly constituency|Raikot]]
|54
|GEN
|Harmohinder Singh Pardhan
|Indian National Congress
|-
|97
|[[Raja Sansi Assembly constituency|Raja Sansi]]
|21
|GEN
|Vir Singh Lopoke
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|98
|[[Rajpura Assembly constituency|Rajpura]]
|71
|GEN
|Balram Ji Dass
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|99
|[[Rampura Phul Assembly constituency|Rampura Phul]]
|113
|GEN
|Sikandar Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|100
|[[Samana Assembly constituency|Samana]]
|75
|GEN
|Jagtar Singh Rajla
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|101
|[[Samrala Assembly constituency|Samrala]]
|63
|GEN
|Amrik Singh
|Indian National Congress
|-
|102
|[[Sangrur Assembly constituency|Sangrur]]
|86
|GEN
|Ranjit Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|103
|[[Sardulgarh Assembly constituency|Sardulgarh]]
|117
|GEN
|Ajit Inder Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal (SIMRANJIT SINGH MANN)
|-
|104
|[[Sham Chaurasi Assembly constituency|Sham Chaurasi]]
|48
|SC
|Arjan Singh Josh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|105
|[[Sherpur Assembly constituency|Sherpur]]
|82
|SC
|Gobind Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|106
|[[Shutrana Assembly constituency|Shutrana]]
|74
|SC
|Gurdev Singh Sidhu
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|107
|[[Sirhind Assembly constituency|Sirhind]]
|79
|GEN
|Harbans Lal
|Indian National Congress
|-
|108
|[[Sri Hargobindpur Assembly constituency|Srihargobindpur]]
|4
|GEN
|Balbir Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|109
|[[Sujanpur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Sujanpur]]
|11
|GEN
|Satpal Saini
|Bharatiya Janta Party
|-
|110
|[[Sultanpur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Sultanpur]]
|42
|GEN
|Upinderjit Kaur
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|111
|[[Sunam Assembly constituency|Sunam]]
|88
|GEN
|Bhagwan Dass Arora
|Indian National Congress
|-
|112
|[[Talwandi Sabo Assembly constituency|Talwandi Sabo]]
|109
|GEN
|Harminder Singh Jassi
|Indian National Congress
|-
|113
|[[Tanda, Punjab Assembly constituency|Tanda]]
|49
|GEN
|Balvir Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|114
|[[Tarn Taran Assembly constituency|Tarn Taran]]
|23
|GEN
|Prem Singh Lalpur
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|115
|[[Valtoha Assembly Constituency|Valtoha]]
|27
|GEN
|Jagir Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|116
|[[Verka Assembly constituency|Verka]]
|14
|SC
|Ujagar Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|-
|117
|[[Zira Assembly constituency|Zira]]
|97
|GEN
|Inderjit Singh
|Shiromani Akali Dal
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Punjab Legislative Assembly|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Terms of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|11th]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1997–2002| ]]

Rabindra Mohapatra

2024-10-21T08:24:26Z

AngelesEller0: created a article needs work...

{{short description|Indian American theoretical physicist (born 1944)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
'''Rabindra Nath Mohapatra''' (born 1 September 1944<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=allYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Mohapatra,+Rabindra%22+1944 | title=American Men & Women of Science | isbn=9781414433059 | publisher=Thomson/Gale | year=2009 | accessdate=18 November 2018 }}</ref>) is an [[Indian American]] [[theoretical physicist]], known for his work on the [[seesaw mechanism]] in [[neutrino physics]].

Mohapatra was born in the small village Musagadia in [[Mayurbhanj State]]. He studied at [[Utkal University]] in [[Bhubaneswar]] (bachelor's degree 1964) and the [[University of Delhi]] (master's degree 1966). In 1969 he earned his PhD under [[Robert Marshak]] at the [[University of Rochester]]. Subsequently he was a post-doc at [[Stony Brook University]] and at the [[University of Maryland]]. In 1974 he became an assistant professor and in 1976 associate professor at [[City College of New York|City College]] of [[City University of New York|CUNY]] under [[Bunji Sakita]]. In the academic year 1980/1 he was a visiting professor at [[Max Planck Institute for Physics]]. Since 1983 he has been a professor at the [[University of Maryland]]. He was a visiting professor at [[CERN]] (1976, 1981, 1985), at [[Stanford Linear Accelerator Center|SLAC]], at [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], and at [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]]. From 2005 to 2007 he was a visiting professor at [[Technische Universität München|TU München]].

Mohapatra works on [[Grand Unified Theory|GUT]]s, unified theories of elementary particles, and neutrino physics. In particular he, with [[Goran Senjanović|G. Senjanovic]], developed in the 1970s left-right symmetric unified theories (which are then spontaneously broken to the observed theories of [[electroweak interaction]]s with [[parity violation]].)<ref>{{cite journal|author2=Mohapatra, R. N.|author=Senjanovic, G.|title=Exact Left-Right Symmetry and Spontaneous Violation of Parity|journal=Physical Review D|volume=12|year=1975|issue=5|pages=1512–1523|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.12.1502|bibcode=1975PhRvD..12.1502S}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Mohapatra, R. N.|author2=Senjanovic, G.|title=Neutrino Mass and Spontaneous Parity Nonconservation|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=44|year=1980|issue=14|pages=912–915|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.912
|bibcode = 1980PhRvL..44..912M}}</ref> with prediction of a neutrino mass.

In 1980/81 Mohapatra was an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and in 2005 he received the [[Humboldt Prize]]. In 2009 he received an honorary doctorate from [[North Orissa University]] in India (2009). Since 1987 he has been a member of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].

==Works==
*''Unification and Supersymmetry – the frontiers of Quark-Lepton Physics''. Springer 1986, 1991, 3rd edn. 2003, {{ISBN|0387955348}}
* with Palash Pal: ''Massive Neutrinos in Physics and Astrophysics''. World Scientific, 1991, 1998, 3rd edn. 2004
* As editor with C. Lai: ''Selected Papers on gauge theories and fundamental interactions''. World Scientific 1981
.'' The Neutrino Story: One tiny particles grand role in the cosmos'' Springer Nature (2020)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{DNB-Portal|109139453}}
* [https://www.physics.umd.edu/people/faculty/mohapatra.html Homepage in Maryland]
*[https://inspirehep.net/author/profile/R.N.Mohapatra.1 Scientific publications of Rabindra Mohapatra]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} on [[INSPIRE-HEP]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohapatra, Rabindra}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park faculty]]
[[Category:City College of New York faculty]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Rochester alumni]]
[[Category:Utkal University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian theoretical physicists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People associated with CERN]]

Sarvamangala Mangalye

2024-07-31T17:50:29Z

AngelesEller0:

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| country = India
| released =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| list_episodes =
| creator =
| image_alt =
| last_aired = {{End date|2020|04|03|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2018|07|30|df=y}}
| num_episodes = 449
| num_seasons =
| language = Kannada
| starring = [[Chandan Kumar]] Aishwarya Pisse
| image = Sarvamangala Mangalye.jpg
| company =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| creative_director =
| director =
| producer = Harish Babu
| writer =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Star Suvarna]]
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| caption =
| related = ''[[Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji]]''
}}

'''''Sarvamangala Mangalye''''' is an Indian [[Kannada]]-language drama on [[Star Suvarna]] that premiered on 30 July 2018 which stars [[Chandan Kumar]] and Aishwarya Pisse in lead roles. The show is an official remake of [[StarPlus]] TV series ''[[Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji]]''. Owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] the show went off the air on 3 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Sarva Mangala Mangalye' to go off-air soon - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sarva-mangala-mangalye-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/77372429.cms|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kannada serial 'Sarva Mangala Mangalye' celebrates one year of journey - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-serial-sarva-mangala-mangalye-celebrates-one-year-of-journey/articleshow/70494053.cms|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sarvamangala Mangalye completes 400 episodes - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sarvamangala-mangalye-completes-400-episodes/articleshow/73925635.cms|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Chandan Kumar shares look from Sarvamangala Mangalye - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/chandan-kumar-shares-look-from-sarvamangala-mangalye/articleshow/73106989.cms|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sharan plays cameo in Sarvamangala Mangalye - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sharan-plays-cameo-in-sarvamangala-mangalye/articleshow/66343720.cms|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Shankara is a young man who falls in love and marries a strong-willed Parvathy. While Shankara has grown up in a conservative set up, Parvathy is an independent girl who speaks her mind and together, they brave the crises in their relationship.

== Cast ==
* [[Chandan Kumar]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chandan's come back serial Sarvamangala Mangalye to go on air from July 30 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/chandans-come-back-serial-sarvamangala-mangalye-to-go-on-air-from-july-30/articleshow/65078768.cms|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> as Maha Shankara; an ideal devotee of lord Shiva and Parvathy's husband
* Aishwarya Pisse<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aishwarya Pisse gets back to telly|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/sandalwood/020818/aishwarya-pisse-gets-back-to-telly.html|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> as Parvathy alias Paaru; Maha Shankara's wife
* Swathi as Bhairavi, Maha Shankara's aunt
* Rekha Rao as Durgadevi, Parvathy's Grandmother
* Rashmitha J Shetty as Ganga ; Bhairavi's daughter
* [[Nisha Ravikrishnan]] as Nitya, Mana Shankara's sister

== Production ==
The series was a comeback venture for Chandan Kumar to the small screen after a gap. The serial also marked the comeback of Aishwarya Pisse to Kannada after a gap of few years. The show was aired on 30 July 2018. The serial was shot in Mysuru for a few episodes.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chandan shoots in Mysuru for Sarvamangala Mangalye - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/chandan-shoots-in-mysuru-for-sarvamangala-mangalye/articleshow/66095732.cms|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Language
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Title
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Original release
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Network(s)
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Last aired
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Notes
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|''[[Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji]]'' तू सूरज मैं सॉंझ, पियाजी
|3 April 2017
|[[StarPlus]]
|1 June 2018
|Original
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|''[[Ardhangini (2018 TV series)|Ardhangini]]'' অর্ধাঙ্গিনী
|8 January 2018
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|18 November 2018
| rowspan="3" |Remake
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''Sarvamangala Mangalye'' ಸರ್ವಮಂಗಳ ಮಾಂಗಲ್ಯೇ
|30 July 2018
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|3 April 2020
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Siva Manasula Sakthi (TV series)|Siva Manasula Sakthi]]'' சிவா மனசுல சக்தி
|30 January 2019
|[[Star Vijay]]
|14 March 2020
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Star Suvarna original programming]]

A. T. Patil

2024-07-19T05:57:33Z

AngelesEller0:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ashok Tapiram Patil
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|09|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = Parola, Jalgaon (Maharashtra)
| nationality = {{flag|India|name=Indian}}
| residence = Rohit House, Plot No. 4, New Housing Society, Parola, Dist.Jalgaon, Maharashtra Pin-425111
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency_MP = [[Jalgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalgaon]]
| parliament = Indian
| term_start = 16 May 2009
| term_end = 23 May 2019
| predecessor = Vasantrao Jivanrao More
| successor = [[Unmesh Bhaiyyasaheb Patil]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| religion =
| spouse = Hemalata
| children = 3
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 28 February
| year = 2015
| source =
}}

'''Ashok Tapiram Patil''', also known as '''Nana Patil''', is an Indian politician and a member of the [[16th Lok Sabha]]. He represents the [[Jalgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalgaon]] constituency of [[Maharashtra]] and is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) political party.

==Political career==
* 1990-95 & 95-97: Corporator Parola Nagarpalika (two terms)
* 1998-2000: President Parola Nagarpalika
* 2001-06: President Parola Nagarpalika
* 2002-05: Chairman A.P.M.C Parola, District. Jalgaon
* 31 August 2009: member, Committee on Defence, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Housing, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Urban Poverty Alleviation and Ministry of Tourism
* 16 May 2014: re-elected to 16th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
* 1 September 2014 onwards: member, Committee on Government Assurances; member, Standing Committee on Railways

==Special interests==
His interests include agriculture and defence affairs.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Mumbai/Defectors-steal-show-at-polls/articleshow/4544207.cms|title=Defectors steal show at polls|last=Marpakwar|first=Prafulla |date=18 May 2009|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=4 December 2010|location=Mumbai}}
* {{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampdetail.php?mpcode=4370|title=Shri A.T. (Nana) Patil|publisher=India gov.in|accessdate=4 December 2010}}

{{15th LS members from Maharashtra}}
{{16th LS members from Maharashtra|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, A T Nana}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:People from Jalgaon]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}