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List of Indian winners and nominees at the Cannes Film Festival

2026-05-06T15:31:21Z

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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film festival
| name = Indian Cinema Pavilion
| logo =
| image = Jury Cannes 2009.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Indian actress [[Sharmila Tagore]] with the International Jury Members at the [[2009 Cannes Film Festival|62nd Cannes]]
| number =
| location = [[Cannes]], [[France]]
| founded =
| awards =
| language =
| website =
}}
The [[Cinema of India]] pavilion has garnered recognition at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] since its inception in 1946.<ref name="news2">{{cite web |date=2019-05-17 |title=From Pather Panchali to Manto, Indians Movies that Left an Impact at Cannes Film Festival |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/cannes-2019-from-pather-panchali-to-manto-indians-movies-that-left-an-impact-at-the-film-festival-2144971.html |access-date=2019-08-25 |publisher=News18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Infinite - Marketing Landing Page |url=http://www.ficci-frames.com/Cannes-2019/index.html |title=India @ CANNES 2019 |publisher=Ficci-frames.com |date= |access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref> The 1946 social-realistic film ''[[Neecha Nagar]]'' became the first Indian film to gain recognition at the Cannes, after it was awarded [[Grand Prix du Festival International du Film]], the festival's highest prize, at the [[1946 Cannes Film Festival|first Cannes]]. In 1955, [[Kumari Naaz|Baby Naaz]] received ''Special Mention (child actress)'' for her work in ''[[Boot Polish (film)|Boot Polish]]'' by Prakash Aurora.<ref>[[Palme d'Or#Grand Prix du Festival International du Film (1939-54)|Grand Prix du Festival International du Film (1939-54)]]</ref>

In 1956, [[Satyajit Ray]]'s ''[[Pather Panchali]]'' won the Best Human Document Award. In the same year Gotoma the Buddha by Rajbans Khanna, won Special mention for Best direction. In 1983 [[Mrinal Sen]]'s directorial ''Kharij'', won the Jury Prize. In 1988, [[Mira Nair]]'s Oscar Nominated film ''[[Salaam Bombay!]]'' won the [[Caméra d'Or]] ("Golden Camera"). In 1989, [[Shaji N. Karun]]'s, ''[[Piravi]]'' has garnered the Caméra d'Or - Mention Spéciale. The 1999 film ''[[Marana Simhasanam]]'' directed by [[Murali Nair]] also received the Caméra d'Or.

On the occasion of ''100 Years of [[Indian Cinema]]'', India was the Official Guest Country at the [[2013 Cannes Film Festival|66th Cannes]]. The first [[Incredible India]] ''Exhibition'', a joint participation of the [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Ministry of Tourism]] and [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Republic of India]] was inaugurated by Indian actor [[Chiranjeevi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Chiranjeevi-to-inaugurate-Incredible-India-exhibition-at-Cannes/articleshow/20151103.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620151939/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-20/news-interviews/39391930_1_incredible-india-film-industry-films-and-documentaries |url-status=live |archive-date=20 June 2013 |work=The Times Of India |title=Chiranjeevi to inaugurate Incredible India exhibition at Cannes |date=20 May 2013 |access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chiranjeevi-offers-wide-opportunities-to-foreign-film-producers-in-india-113052100253_1.html |title=Chiranjeevi offers wide opportunities to foreign film producers in India |last=ANI |work=business-standard.com |access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/vidya-balan-in-cannes-film-festivals-jury/article4649968.ece |title=Vidya Balan in Cannes Film Festival's jury |date=24 April 2013 |publisher= |work=The Hindu |access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref>

==Competitive awards==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Nominee(s)/recipient(s)
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="text-align:center;" | {{tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1946 Cannes Film Festival|1946 {{small|(1st)}}]]
|[[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]]
|''[[Neecha Nagar]]''
|[[Grand Prix du Festival International du Film]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=15 June 2007 |title=Maker of innovative, meaningful movies |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/06/15/stories/2007061551020100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016143853/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/06/15/stories/2007061551020100.htm |archive-date=16 October 2008}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1952 Cannes Film Festival|1952 {{small|(5th)}}]]
|[[V. Shantaram]]
|''[[Amar Bhoopali]]''
|Grand Prix
|{{nom}}
|<ref name=":0"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1953 Cannes Film Festival|1953 {{small|(6th)}}]]
|[[Raj Kapoor]]
|''[[Awaara]]''
|Grand Prix
|{{nom}}
|<ref name="festival-cannes.com"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1954 Cannes Film Festival|1954 {{small|(7th)}}]]
|[[Bimal Roy]]
|''[[Do Bigha Zamin]]''
|International Prize
|{{won}}
|<ref name="news2"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1955 Cannes Film Festival|1955 {{small|(8th)}}]]
|Baby Naaz
|''[[Boot Polish (film)|Boot Polish]]''
|Special Mention - Child Artist
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/boot-polish|title=BOOT POLISH|website=Festival de Cannes}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1956 Cannes Film Festival|1956 {{small|(9th)}}]]
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|''[[Pather Panchali]]''
|Best Human Document Award
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/1956/allAward.html |title=Awards 1956 : All Awards |access-date=5 December 2013 |publisher=Festival de Cannes | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131212020106/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/1956/allAward.html |archive-date= 12 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | [[1957 Cannes Film Festival|1957 {{small|(10th)}}]]
|rowspan=2 |Rajbans Khanna
|rowspan=2 |''[[Gotoma the Buddha]]''
|Special Mention (Short Film) - Director
|{{won}}
|rowspan=2 |<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/gotoma-the-buddha|title=GOTOMA THE BUDDHA|website=Festival de Cannes}}</ref>
|-
|[[Palme d'Or]] (Short)
|{{nom}}
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1958 Cannes Film Festival|1958 {{small|(11th)}}]]
|Satyajit Ray
|''[[Parash Pathar]]''
|Palme d'Or
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/parash-pathar|title=PARASH PATHAR|website=Festival de Cannes}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1962 Cannes Film Festival|1962 {{small|(15th)}}]]
|Satyajit Ray
|''[[Devi (1960 film)|Devi]]''
|Palme d'Or
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=DEVI |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/devi/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Festival de Cannes |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1974 Cannes Film Festival|1974 {{small|(27th)}}]]
|[[M. S. Sathyu]]
|''[[Garm Hava]]''
|Grand Prix du Festival International du Film
|{{nom}}
|<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/2242/year/1974.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Garam Hawa |access-date=26 April 2009|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | [[1983 Cannes Film Festival|1983 {{small|(36th)}}]]
|rowspan=2 |[[Mrinal Sen]]
|rowspan=2 |''[[Kharij]]''
|[[Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival)|Jury Prize]]
|{{won}}
|<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/kharij|title=KHARIJ|website=Festival de Cannes}}</ref>
|-
|Palme d'Or
|{{nom}}
|<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 Cannes Film Festival|1984 {{small|(37th)}}]]
|Satyajit Ray
|''[[Ghare Baire (film)|Ghare Baire]]''
|Palme d'Or
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=GHARE BAIRE |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/ghare-baire/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Festival de Cannes |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1988 Cannes Film Festival|1988 {{small|(41st)}}]]
|[[Mira Nair]]
|''[[Salaam Bombay!]]''
|[[Caméra d'Or]] Audience Award
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/movies/1000best.html|title=The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made|access-date=21 September 2011|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1989 Cannes Film Festival|1989 {{small|(42nd)}}]]
|[[Shaji N. Karun]]
|''[[Piravi]]''
|[[Caméra d'Or|Caméra d'Or — Mention Spéciale]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/Piravi-received-the-Camera-d-Or-Mention/articleshow/14292663.cms|title=Piravi received the Camera d' Or-Mention - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=11 February 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | [[1991 Cannes Film Festival|1991 {{small|(44th)}}]]
|[[Deepa Mehta]]
|''[[Sam & Me]]''
|Caméra d'Or — Mention Spéciale
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAM AND ME |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/sam-and-me/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=Festival de Cannes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Film Encyclopedia - Deepa Mehta |url=https://cfe.tiff.net/canadianfilmencyclopedia/content/bios/deepa-mehta |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=cfe.tiff.net}}</ref>
|-
|[[Aribam Syam Sharma]]
|''[[Ishanou]]''
|[[Un Certain Regard|Un Certain Regard Award]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | [[1994 Cannes Film Festival|1994 {{small|(47th)}}]]
|Shaji N. Karun
|''[[Swaham]]''
|Palme d'Or
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Festival de Cannes: Swaham |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/2980/year/1994.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907030142/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/swaham |archive-date=2019-09-07 |access-date=2009-08-30 |work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sandip Ray]]
|''[[The Broken Journey|Uttoran]]''
|Un Certain Regard Award
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=UTTORAN |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/uttoran/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Festival de Cannes |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[1999 Cannes Film Festival|1999 {{small|(52nd)}}]]
|[[Murali Nair]]
|''[[Marana Simhasanam]]''
|Caméra d'Or
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/marana-simhasanam|title=MARANA SIMHASANAM|website=Festival de Cannes}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2002 Cannes Film Festival|2002 {{small|(55th)}}]]
|[[Manish Jha (director)|Manish Jha]]
|''A Very Very Silent Film''
|Jury Prize (Short Film)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/If-anybody-can-Manish-Cannes/articleshow/13883106.cms|title=If anybody can, Manish Cannes! - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=23 June 2002 }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2006 Cannes Film Festival|2006 {{small|(61st)}}]]
|Gitanjali Rao
|''[[Printed Rainbow]]''
|Grand Rail d’Or Audience Award Kodak Discovery Award Young Critics Award for Best Short Film
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unifrance.org/festivals-and-markets/567/cannes-international-critics-week/2006|title=<nowiki>Cannes International Critics' Week
Edition 2006</nowiki>|website=unifrance.org|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | [[2013 Cannes Film Festival|2013 {{small|(66th)}}]]
|[[Ritesh Batra]]
|''[[The Lunchbox]]''
|Grand Rail d’Or Audience Award
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Ritesh Batra's Lunchbox wins Critics Week Viewers Choice Award at Cannes Film Festival 2013|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/cannes-film-festival-2013/story/dabba-wins-critics-week-viewers-choice-award-at-cannes-164194-2013-05-23 |date=24 May 2013 |publisher=India Today |access-date=25 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[Karan Johar]]
|''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh]]'' (Bombay Talkies)
|[[Queer Palm]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Ritesh Batra's Lunchbox wins Critics Week Viewers Choice Award at Cannes Film Festival 2013|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/cannes-film-festival-2013/story/dabba-wins-critics-week-viewers-choice-award-at-cannes-164194-2013-05-23 |date=24 May 2013 |publisher=India Today |access-date=25 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2014 Cannes Film Festival|2014]] [[67th Cannes Film Festival|{{small|(67th)}}]]
|[[Kanu Behl]]
|[[Titli (2014 film)|''Titli'']]
|[[Caméra d'Or]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/titli-cannes-review-705883/|title=‘Titli’: Cannes Review|first=T. H. R.|last=Staff|date=20 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan =2 style="text-align:center;" | [[2015 Cannes Film Festival|2015 {{small|(68th)}}]]
|[[Neeraj Ghaywan]]
|''[[Masaan]]''
|[[FIPRESCI Prize]] ([[Un Certain Regard]]) Prix de l'Avenir (Un Certain Regard)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cannes-son-saul-masaan-take-797339 |title=Cannes: 'Son of Saul,' 'Masaan' Take Fipresci Prizes |date=23 May 2015 |access-date=23 May 2015 |author1=Rebecca Ford |author2=Rhonda Richards |work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cannes-2015-regard-winners-announced-797333 |title=Cannes: 'Rams' Wins Un Certain Regard Prize |author=Rebeccas Ford |date=23 May 2015 |access-date=23 May 2015 |work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gurvinder Singh (director)|Gurvinder Singh]]
|''[[The Fourth Direction|Chauthi Koot]]''
|Un Certain Regard Award
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/indian-films-masaan-chauthi-koot-selected-for-cannes-film-festival-2199476.html|title=Indian films Masaan, Chauthi Koot selected for Cannes Film Festival|date=17 April 2015 |access-date=17 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2016 Cannes Film Festival|2016 {{small|(69th)}}]]
|Shirley Abraham Amit Madheshiya
|''[[The Cinema Travelers]]''
|[[L'Œil d'or |L'Œil d'or Special Mention]]
|{{won}}
|<ref name="rocha">{{cite web |url=http://ecrannoir.fr/blog/blog/2016/05/21/cannes-2016-cinema-novo-remporte-le-prix-de-loeil-dor-du-meilleur-documentaire/ |title=2016: Cinema Novo wins the Œil d'or for best documentary |date=21 May 2016 |access-date=21 May 2016 |work=Ecran Noir}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2018 Cannes Film Festival|2018 {{small|(71st)}}]]
|[[Nandita Das]]
|''[[Manto (2018 film)|Manto]]''
|Un Certain Regard Award
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/manto|title=MANTO - Festival de Cannes|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref>

|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2020 Cannes Film Festival|2020 {{small|(73rd)}}]]
|Ashmita Guha Neogi
|''CatDog''
|[[Cinéfondation]] ''Premier Prix''
|{{won}}
|<ref>Fabien Lemercier, [https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/394393/ "The short film Palme d'Or goes to I Am Afraid To Forget Your Face"]. ''Cineuropa'', 30 October 2020.</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | [[2021 Cannes Film Festival|2021 {{small|(74th)}}]]
|rowspan=2 |[[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]]
|rowspan=2 |''[[A Night of Knowing Nothing]]''
|[[L'Œil d'or|Golden Eye]]
|{{won}}
|rowspan=2 |<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/indian-cinema/mumbai-filmmaker-payal-kapadia-cannes-2021-win-a-night-of-knowing-nothing|title= Cannes 2021: Payal Kapadia's A Night of Knowing Nothing Wins Best Documentary|work= the quint |date= 18 July 2021 |access-date= 2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Caméra d'Or
|{{nom}}
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2022 Cannes Film Festival|2022 {{small|(75th)}}]]
|[[Shaunak Sen]]
|''[[All That Breathes]]''
|Golden Eye
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shaunak-sens-documentary-all-that-breathes-wins-loeil-dor-at-cannes/articleshow/91854872.cms|title=Shaunak Sen's documentary 'All That Breathes' wins L'Oeil d'or at Cannes|website=The Times Of India |date= 28 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | [[2024 Cannes Film Festival|2024 {{small|(77th)}}]]
|rowspan=2 |Payal Kapadia
|rowspan=2 |''[[All We Imagine as Light]]''
|Palme d'Or
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahani |first=Alaka |date=2024-04-11 |title=Payal Kapadia’s All We Imagine as Light is first Indian film in 30 years to make it to Cannes’ competition section |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/payal-kapadias-all-we-imagine-as-light-in-cannes-2024s-competition-section-9264595/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Grand Prix
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-25 |title=Cannes Film Festival: All We Imagine As Light scripts history, becomes first Indian film to win Grand Prix |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cannes-film-festival-all-we-imagine-as-light-scripts-history-becomes-first-indian-film-to-win-grand-prix-101716656194342.html |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[2024 Cannes Film Festival|2024 {{small|(77th)}}]]
|Chidananda S Naik
|''[[Sunflowers Were the First Ones to Know...|Sunflowers were the first ones to know…]]''
|La Cinef (Premier Prix)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Le Palmarès de la 27e édition de La Cinef |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/presse/communiques/le-palmares-de-la-27e-edition-de-la-cinef/ |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Festival de Cannes |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[2024 Cannes Film Festival|2024 {{small|(77th)}}]]
|[[Anasuya Sengupta (actress)|Anasuya Sengupta]]
|''[[The Shameless (2024 film)|The Shameless]]''
|Best Actress (Un Certain Regard)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-24 |title=Un Certain Regard Winners List 2024 |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-releases/un-certain-regard-winners-list-2024/ |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Festival de Cannes |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

==Technical awards==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Nominee(s)/recipient(s)
! scope="col" | Craft
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="text-align:center;" | {{tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[1952 Cannes Film Festival|1952 {{small|(5th)}}]]
|[[V. Shantaram]]
|Direction
|[[Vulcan Award#Technical Grand Prize (1951-2001)|Technical Grand Prize]]
|{{won}}
|<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/amar-bhoopali|title=AMAR BHOOPALI|website=Festival de Cannes}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2019 Cannes Film Festival|2019 {{small|(72nd)}}]]
|[[Modhura Palit]]
|Cinematography
|[[Pierre Angénieux Excellens in Cinematography|Pierre Angénieux Excellens-Promising Cinematographer]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.angenieux.com/modhura-palit-to-receive-the-2nd-angenieux-special-encouragement-award|title=Young Indian cinematographer Modhura Palit to receive the 2nd Angenieux "special encouragement" award at the Cannes Film Festival|website=blog.angenieux.com|language=en-us|access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | [[2024 Cannes Film Festival|2024 {{small|(77th)}}]]
|[[Santosh Sivan]]
|Cinematography
|[[Pierre Angénieux Excellens in Cinematography|Pierre Angénieux Tribute in Cinematography]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Tom |date=2024-05-01 |title=Santosh Sivan to receive Angénieux award at Cannes |url=https://britishcinematographer.co.uk/santosh-sivan-to-receive-angenieux-award-at-cannes/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=British Cinematographer |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|}

==Indian Jury Members at Cannes==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
!Year
!Name
!Note(s)
|-
|[[1982 Cannes Film Festival|35th]]
|[[Mrinal Sen]]<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/entertainment/hollywood/indian-celebs-who-made-it-to-the-cannes-jury-at-some-point-in-time-224567.html|title=Indian celebs who made it to the Cannes jury at some point in time|website=News Nation English}}</ref><ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/before-deepika-padukone-these-indian-stars-were-part-of-the-cannes-jury-10687261.html|title=Before Deepika Padukone, these Indian stars were part of the Cannes jury|date=18 May 2022|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|Director
|-
|[[1990 Cannes Film Festival|43rd]]
|[[Mira Nair]]<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto6"/>
|Director
|-
|[[2000 Cannes Film Festival|53rd]]
|[[Arundhati Roy]]<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto6"/>
|Writer
|-
|[[2003 Cannes Film Festival|56th]]
|[[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]]<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto6"/>
|Actress
|-
|[[2005 Cannes Film Festival|58th]]
|[[Nandita Das]]<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto6"/>
|Actress and Director
|-
|[[2009 Cannes Film Festival|62nd]]
|[[Sharmila Tagore]]<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto6"/>
|Actress
|-
|[[2010 Cannes Film Festival|63rd]]
|[[Shekhar Kapur]]<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto6"/>
|Director
|-
|[[2013 Cannes Film Festival|66th]]
|[[Vidya Balan]]<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto6"/>
|Actress
|-
|[[2022 Cannes Film Festival|75th]]
|[[Deepika Padukone]]<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto6"/>
|Actress
|-
|[[2023 Cannes Film Festival|76th]]
|Meenakshi Shedde<ref name="CannesJury">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/ruben-ostlund-cannes-jury-1235537516/?fbclid=IwAR1YjIlJN4lr6pdDVU2odN7Xbt6CaPGV7zFPIjHiBvppQf0mQKhzVxqZVuw|title='Triangle of Sadness' Director Ruben Östlund to Preside Over Cannes Jury|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Elsa|last=Keslassy|date=27 February 2023|accessdate=27 February 2023|archive-date=28 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228062703/https://variety.com/2023/film/global/ruben-ostlund-cannes-jury-1235537516/?fbclid=IwAR1YjIlJN4lr6pdDVU2odN7Xbt6CaPGV7zFPIjHiBvppQf0mQKhzVxqZVuw|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Film critic
|-
|[[2025 Cannes Film Festival|78th]]
|[[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-28 |title=The Jury of the 78th Festival de Cannes |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-releases/the-jury-of-the-78th-festival-de-cannes/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428204042/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-releases/the-jury-of-the-78th-festival-de-cannes/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Director
|}

==Special events and honors==
[[File:SatyajitRay.jpg|thumb|237x237px|[[Satyajit Ray|Satyajit Ray's]] works ''Pather Panchali'', ''Charulata'', and ''Pratidwandi'' have been part of the Cannes Classics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satyajit RAY |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/p/satyajit-ray/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Festival de Cannes |language=en-US}}</ref>]]

=== Hommage à Satyajit Ray (1982) ===
At the [[1982 Cannes Film Festival|35th Cannes]], Satyajit Ray received the 35th Anniversary Trophy signed by [[Igor Mitoraj]], and an ''Hommage à Satyajit Ray'' was hosted in his honour.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Eye on England |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/eye-on-england/cid/1314737 |access-date=25 May 2017 |publisher=The Telegraph}}</ref>

===Tous Les Cinemas du Monde (2007)===
''Tous Les Cinemas du Monde'' (World Cinema) began in 2005 to showcase films from a variety of different countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/features/article_1304644.php |title=Preview: Acceptance in Cannes bestows prestige and honour |work=monstersandcritics.com |date=15 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930195151/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/features/article_1304644.php/Preview_Acceptance_in_Cannes_bestows_prestige_and_honour |archive-date=30 September 2012 |df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=cannes2007&jump=features&id=2542&articleid=VR1117965596|title=Cannes, India celebrate 60 years (needs subscription)}}</ref> At the [[2007 Cannes Film Festival|60th Cannes]], the first two days of this program held during 19 May to 25 May 2007 featured special screening of [[Indian film]]s; ''[[Saira (film)|Saira]]'' (2005), ''[[Missed Call (film)|Missed Call]]'' (2005), ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' (2006), ''[[Dosar]]'' (2006), ''[[Veyil (2006 film)|Veyil]]'' (2006), ''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]'' (2007), ''[[Goal (2007 Hindi film)|Goal]]'' (2007), and ''[[Dharm (film)|Dharm]]'' (2007).<ref name="Sinanan">{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/cannes/article1830602.ece |first=Anil |last=Sinanan |title=The Sun Rises on the East |work=[[The Times]] |publisher=The Times |date=24 May 2007 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215833/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/cannes/article1830602.ece |archive-date=8 July 2008 |df=dmy}}</ref>

===Official Guest Country (2013)===
India was the Official Guest Country at the [[2013 Cannes Film Festival|66th Cannes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/sonam-vidya-cannes-festival-2013-best-dressed|title=Who Wore What: Indian stars at Cannes 2013|date=27 May 2013|website=Vogue India}}</ref> The event featured special screening of Indian films; ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]'' (Gala screenings), ''[[Monsoon Shootout]]'' (Midnight screenings), ''[[Charulata]]'' (Cannes classics), ''Bollywood: The Greatest Love Story Ever Told'' (Beach screenings), ''[[The Lunchbox]]'' (Critic's week), ''[[Ugly (film)|Ugly]]'' (Director's fortnight), ''[[Eega]]'' (Film market), and ''Tau Seru'' (Shorts).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ambafrance-in.org/India-the-guest-country-at-the,11203 |title=Cannes Film Festival: India guest country, Vidya Balan on jury, 24 April 2013 |access-date=26 May 2017 |archive-date=6 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606050046/http://www.ambafrance-in.org/India-the-guest-country-at-the,11203 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/ss-rajamoulis-eega-to-be-screened-at-cannes-shanghai-film-festivals/ |title=SS Rajamouli's Eega to be screened at Cannes, Shanghai film festivals |author=IANS |publisher=bollywoodlife.com |date=15 May 2013 |access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref>

===Country of Honor - ''[[Marché du Film]]'' (2022)===
On the occasion of ''75 years'' of diplomatic ties between [[India]] and [[France]], India was announced as the Official Country of Honour at the 2022 Cannes Film Market.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/country-of-honour-at-cannes-marche/|title=India to be 'Country of Honour' at Cannes Marche' Du Film in France|first=Sumit|last=Arora|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1822689|title=India chosen as first Country of Honour ever at Cannes Film Market|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> The first of its kind event featured special beach screenings of Six Indian feature films; ''[[Pratidwandi]]'' (1970), ''[[Godavari (2021 film)|Godavari]]'' (2021), ''[[Alpha Beta Gamma (film)|Alpha Beta Gamma]]'' (2021), ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]'' (2022), ''[[Dhuin]]'' (2022), ''[[Boomba Ride]]'' (2022), and ''Nirae Thathakalulla Maramy'' (2022).<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2022/05/17/indian-artists-films-at-cannes-film-festival-2022/|title=Indian Artists, Films At Cannes Film Festival 2022|first=Sweta|last=Kaushal|website=Forbes}}</ref>

Under the ''Goes to Cannes Section''; five [[Parallel cinema|parallel films]] were featured in the ''Work in Progress Lab'' - ''[[Baghjan (film)|Baghjan]]'' by [[Jaicheng Jai Dohutia]]; ''Bailadila'' by Shailendra Sahu; ''Ek Jagah Apni (A Space of Our Own)'' by Ektara Collective; ''Follower'' by ''Harshad Nalawade''; ''Shivamma'' by Jai Shankar.<ref name="auto4"/> In addition, ''India - Content Hub of the World Pavilion'' was inaugurated at the venue on 18 May 2022.<ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto5"/>

===Cannes XR===
;Cannes XR is a program from the ''Marché du Film'' dedicated to immersive technologies and cinematographic content
*2017 - Indian epic film duology ''[[Baahubali: The Epic|Baahubali]]'' was featured at the VR exhibition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ss-rajamoulis-baahubali-series-to-be-screened-at-cannes-2017-3464798.html|title=SS Rajamouli's Baahubali series to be screened at Cannes 2017|date=21 May 2017|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kx_yJDF6A1Q|title=S.S. Rajamouli at Cannes | Baahubali in VR | #FCinCannes | Film Companion|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
*2022 - Indian virtual reality film ''[[Le Musk]]'' was featured at the VR exhibition.<ref name="auto5"/>

===World Classic (2023)===
In 2023, {{langnf|mni|[[Ishanou]]|The Chosen One}}, a 1990 [[Meitei language]] film, was recognised as a "World Classic" by the [[Cannes Film Festival 2023]] and it was the only film selected from India for the event for that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-06 |title=Manipuri feature film 'ISHANOU' recognised as World Classic |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/manipuri-feature-film-ishanou-recognised-as-world-classic/articleshow/100038686.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-31 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aribam Syam Sharma's ISHANOU recognised as World Classic |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/movies/aribam-syam-sharmas-ishanou-recognised-as-world-classic |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731125822/https://www.ifp.co.in/movies/aribam-syam-sharmas-ishanou-recognised-as-world-classic |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Film 'Ishanou' Becomes India's Only Restored Film To Be Screened At Cannes 2023 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/manipuri-film-ishanou-becomes-india-s-only-restored-film-to-be-screened-at-cannes-2023-news-284573 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> In the past, it was featured in the [[Un Certain Regard]] section of the [[1991 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Festival de Cannes: The Chosen One |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/131/year/1991.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004163923/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/131/year/1991.html |archive-date=4 October 2012 |access-date=10 August 2009 |work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|width=160 | height=170
|align=center
|File:Aishwarya_Rai_Cannes.jpg
|[[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] at 2008 Cannes
|File:The Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism, Shri K. Chiranjeevi was accorded red carpet welcome at the Cannes Film Festival, France on May 20, 2013.jpg
|[[Chiranjeevi]], [[Vidya Balan]], and [[Ram Charan]] at 2013 Cannes
|Jury Cannes 2013 3.jpg
|[[Vidya Balan]] with fellow jury members at 2013 Cannes
|Cannes_2016_17.jpg
|[[Mallika Sherawat]] at 2016 Cannes
|Deepika_Padukone_Cannes_2018_(cropped).jpg
|[[Deepika Padukone]] at 2018 Cannes
|Priyanka_Chopra_at_2019_Cannes_(cropped).jpg
|[[Priyanka Chopra]] at 2019 Cannes
|Deepika Padukone & Vincent Lindon Cannes 2022.jpg
|[[Deepika Padukone]] with fellow jury members [[Vincent Lindon]] and [[Rebecca Hall]] at 2022 Cannes
|Payal Kapadia at 2024 Cannes Film Festival.jpg|[[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]] at 2024 Cannes}}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian Academy Award winners and nominees]]
* [[List of Indian Golden Globe Award winners and nominees]]
* [[List of Indian winners and nominees of the British Academy Film Awards]]
* [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film]]
* [[List of Indian Grammy Award winners and nominees]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Cinema of India}}
{{New Wave in cinema}}
{{Cannes Film Festival|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Cinema of India]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian films|Cannes]]
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival]]

Benny Dayal

2026-04-27T10:03:47Z

Amanshrbiz: started initial details w/ refs - done

{{short description|Indian singer (born 1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| image = BennyDayal.jpg
| name = Benny Dayal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1979|5|13}}
| birth_place = [[Abu Dhabi]], United Arab Emirates
| genre = {{hlist|Pop|indi-pop}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter|Judge}}
| years_active = 2002–present
| instrument = Vocals
}}
'''Benny Dayal''' (born 13 May 1979) is an Indian [[playback singer]] based in the United Arab Emirates. He is a prominent singer in [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and more languages films.

He is a member of the band [[S5 (band)|S5]], launched by [[SS Music]] TV channel.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/10/11/stories/2008101152270800.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107174907/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/10/11/stories/2008101152270800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 November 2012 |title= Scaling heights|date=11 October 2008|access-date=6 January 2009|work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> He made his acting debut in the [[Malayalam]] movie ''[[By the People (2005 film)|By the People]]'', a suspense thriller. All the songs were sung by S5 members and it was then that [[A.R. Rahman]] noticed him and took an audition.

==Personal life==
Dayal's parents hail from [[Kollam]] district in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2005/05/16/stories/2005051601590100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022113718/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2005/05/16/stories/2005051601590100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2010|title=S5's Malayali connection|last=George|first=Vijay|date=16 May 2005|access-date=6 January 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> He was born and raised in [[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anjana |date=2018-09-15 |title=Abu Dhabi crooner who made it big in Bollywood |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/cricket/cricket-is-a-game-of-fractions-of-a-second-every-detail-counts-says-robin-singh-1.500238277 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref> After his schooling in the UAE he went on to complete his B.Com. and Masters in Journalism from [[Madras Christian College]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://popcorn.oneindia.in/artist-biography/359/7/benny-dayal.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715135438/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/artist-biography/359/7/benny-dayal.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2012|title=ABOUT BENNY DAYAL|publisher=Oneindia|access-date=3 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/10/11/stories/2008101152270800.htm |title= Scaling heights |work= [[The Hindu]] |series= Metro Plus |date= 2008-10-11 |access-date= 2009-01-06 |location= Chennai, India |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121107174907/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/10/11/stories/2008101152270800.htm |archive-date= 2012-11-07 }}</ref>

Dayal worked as an Events Coordinator with [[RR Donnelley]]. He quit his job in BPO to accomplish his career in music.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/article27984.ece|title=How Benny made it big|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 October 2009|access-date=5 October 2009|location=Chennai, India|first=Sudhish|last=Kamath|archive-date=8 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108214727/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/article27984.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 5 June 2016, the singer married his model girlfriend Catherine Thangam in a close-knit ceremony in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/inside-benny-dayals-wedding-ceremony-with-neeti-mohan-a-r-rahman-1415967|title=Inside Benny Dayal's Wedding Ceremony With Neeti Mohan, A.R. Rahman|first=Nilanjana|last=Basu|work=NDTV Movies|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=6 June 2016|location=New Delhi|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-date=29 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129032640/https://mab.chartbeat.com/mab_strategy/headline_testing/get_strategy/?host=movies.ndtv.com&domain=ndtv.com&path=%2Fentertainment%2Finside-benny-dayals-wedding-ceremony-with-neeti-mohan-a-r-rahman-1415967|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tunetribe.com/benny-dayal/|title=Benny Dayal|publisher=[[TuneTribe]]|access-date=9 September 2018|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909184917/https://www.tunetribe.com/benny-dayal/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Dayal performs live with his touring band '''Funktuation''', which features a brass section known as '''The Horn Flakes'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/weekend/benny-dayal-talks-about-his-latest-release-mehki-his-journey-and-more |title=Benny Dayal talks about his latest release Mehki, his journey, and more |work=Free Press Journal |access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://insider.in/benny-dayal-funktuation-ft-the-hornflakes-live-in-concert-feb24-2023/event |title=Benny Dayal & Funktuation ft. The Hornflakes Live In Concert |work=Insider.in |date=2023-02-24 |access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref> Funktuation was formed in 2011 and has released the album ''Funk Katcheri''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahummingheart.com/reviews/benny-dayal-likes-only-funktuation-songs-and-so-should-you/ |title=Benny Dayal likes only Funktuation songs and so should you |work=A Humming Heart |access-date=2026-04-27}}</ref>

==Discography==

===Albums===
* ''[[Isai (album)|Isai]]''
* ''Ithu Premamo''
* [[File:Benny Dayal performning in Doha.jpg|thumb|285x285px|Dayal performing in Doha in Feb 2024]]''Ithu Premamo 2''
* ''Saaral'' (produced by Rainbow Bridge Studios)
* ''Swaasam'' (produced by Hexachord)
* ''Vazhkai DJ'' (Produced by Benny Dayal and Charles Bosco)

=== Hindi songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" "textcolor:#000;"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Composer(s)
! scope="col" |Writer(s)
! scope="col" |Co-singer(s)
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
|scope="row"|2007
|scope="row"|''[[Fool N Final]]''
|"Masti (Remix)"
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|[[Sameer]], [[Irshad Kamil]], [[Shehzad Roy]], Nitin Raikwar
|[[MG Sreekumar]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="7"|2008
|scope="row" rowspan="2"| ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]''
| "Pappu Can't Dance"
| rowspan="2"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Abbas Tyrewala]]
| [[Annupamaa]], [[Blaaze]], [[Tanvi]], Darshana, Satish Subrahmaniam, [[Mohammed Aslam]]
|
|-
|"Nazrein Milana Nazrein Churana"
| Satish Subrahmaniam, [[Naresh Iyer]], Darshana, Swetha, Tanvi, Sayonora Philip, Bhargavi, Anupama
|
|-
|scope="row"| ''[[Golmaal Returns]]''
| "Vacancy"
| [[Pritam]]
| [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
| [[Neeraj Shridhar]], Suhail Kaul, [[Suzanne D'Mello]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="3"| ''[[Yuvvraaj]]''
| "Tu Hi Toh Meri Dost Hai"
| rowspan="6"| [[A. R. Rahman]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Gulzar]]
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|-
|"Mastam Mastam"
| [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Alka Yagnik]], Naresh Iyer
|
|-
| "Dil Ka Rishta"
| [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Roop Kumar Rathod]], [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Clinton Cerejo]], Suzanne, [[Vivienne Pocha]], Sunaina, Naresh Iyer, Blaaze
|
|-
|scope="row" |''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''
| "Kaise Mujhe"
| rowspan="3"|[[Prasoon Joshi]]
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="4"|2009
|scope="row" rowspan="2"| ''[[Delhi-6]]''
| "Dilli-6"
| Blaaze, Tanvi Shah, Vivian Chaix, Claire
|
|-
| "Rehna Tu"
| [[A. R. Rahman]], Tanvi Shah
|
|-
|scope="row"| ''[[Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year]]''
| "Pocket Mein Rocket Hai"
| [[Salim–Sulaiman]]
| [[Jaideep Sahni]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row" |[[Blue (2009 film)|''Blue'']]
| "Aaj Dil Gustakh Hai"
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
| [[Mayur Puri]]
| [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Shi Millhouse, Henry Kuruvilla, Raven Millhouse
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="5"|2010
|scope="row"| ''[[Badmaash Company]]''
| "Badmaash Company" (Title Song)
| [[Pritam]]
| [[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="2"| ''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]''
| "Tarkeebein"
| rowspan="3"|[[Salim–Sulaiman]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| [[Salim Merchant]]
|
|-
| "Dum Dum"
| [[Himani Kapoor]]
|
|-
|scope="row" |''[[Pyaar Impossible]]''
| "You and Me"
| [[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]
| [[Neha Bhasin]]
|
|-
|scope="row" |''[[Enthiran]]'' '''D'''
|"Arima Arima"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Swanand Kirkire]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Naresh Iyer]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="6"|2011
|scope="row"|''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama]]''
| "Life Sahi Hai"
| [[Clinton Cerejo]]
| [[Luv Ranjan]]
| [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Vishal Dadlani]], Sid Coutto
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Always Kabhi Kabhi]]''
| "Antenna"
| [[Pritam]]
| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| Roshan Abbas, Apeksha Dandekar
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Mere Brother Ki Dulhan]]''
| "Choomantar"
| [[Sohail Sen]]
| [[Irshad Kamil]]
| [[Aditi Singh Sharma]]
|
|-
|scope="row"| ''[[Love Breakups Zindagi]]''
|"Love Love Love"
|rowspan=4|[[Salim–Sulaiman]]
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|[[Shraddha Pandit]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Aazaan]]''
|"Habibi Habibi"
|Shraddha Pandit
|Mitika
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]''
| "Aadat Se Majboor"
| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="8"|2012
|scope="row"|''[[Jodi Breakers]]''
| "Jab Main Tumhare Saath Hoon"
| [[Irshad Kamil]]
| [[Shilpa Rao]], [[Salim Merchant]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu]]''
| "Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu" (Title Song)
| [[Amit Trivedi]]
| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| [[Anushka Manchanda]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]''
| "Daru Desi"
| [[Pritam]]
| [[Irshad Kamil]]
| [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[OMG – Oh My God]]''
| "Don't Worry (Hey Ram)"
| [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| Subrat Sinha
| [[Himesh Reshammiya]], Arya Acharya
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Heroine (2012 film)|Heroine]]''
| "Tujhpe Fida"
|rowspan=2|[[Salim–Sulaiman]]
| Neelesh Mishra
| [[Shraddha Pandit]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Chakravyuh (2012 film)|Chakravyuh]]''
| "Chakravyuh- Theme"
|
|
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Student of the Year]]''
| "The Disco Song"
| [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| [[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]
| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Vishwaroopam]]''
| "Jung Hai"
| [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| [[Javed Akhtar]], Asif Ali Beg
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="6"|2013
|scope="row"|''[[Race 2]]''
| "Lat Lag Gayi"
|rowspan=3|[[Pritam]]
| [[Mayur Puri]]
| [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''
| "Badtameez Dil"
| rowspan="4"|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| [[Shefali Alvares]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Phata Poster Nikla Hero]]''
| "Hey Mr.Dj"
| [[Shefali Alvares]], [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan=2|''[[Rabba Main Kya Karoon]]''
|"Muh Meetha Kara De"
|rowspan=2|Salim-Sulaiman
|[[Monali Thakur]]
|
|-
|"Rabba Main Kya Karoon - Title Track"
|Raj Pandit, Vidhi Sharma
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]''
| "Shuddh Desi Romance" (Title Song)
| [[Sachin–Jigar]]
| [[Jaideep Sahni]]
| [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="14"|2014
|scope="row"|''[[Yaariyan (2014 film)|Yaariyan]]''
| "ABCD"
| [[Pritam]]
| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| [[Shefali Alvares]], [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Bewakoofiyaan]]''
| "Gulcharrey"
| [[Raghu Dixit]]
| [[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]
| [[Aditi Singh Sharma]]
|
|-
|scope="row"rowspan="2"|''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]''
| "Punjabi Wedding Song"
| rowspan="2"| [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|
|-
| "Shake It Like Shammi"
|
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Main Tera Hero]]''
| "Besharmi Ki Height"
| [[Sajid–Wajid]]
| [[Kumaar]]
| [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
|
|-
|scope="row"| ''[[2 States (2014 film)|2 States]]''
| "Locha-e-Ulfat"
| [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty]]''
| "Tu Hi To Hai"
| [[Pritam]]
| [[Irshad Kamil]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]''
| "Lucky Tu Lucky Me"
| [[Sachin–Jigar]]
| [[Shashank Khaitan]]
| [[Anushka Manchanda]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Samrat & Co.]]''
|"Samrat & Co - Title Track
|GAP (Gopal-Anand-Pavan)
|Gopal Dutt
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|''[[Raja Natwarlal]]''
| "Kabhi Ruhani Kabhi Rumani"
| rowspan="2"| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Irshad Kamil]]
|
|
|-
| "Flip Your Collar Back"
|
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Creature 3D]]''
| "Hum Naa Rahe Hum"
| [[Mithoon]]
| [[Mithoon]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|''[[Bang Bang!]]''
| "Bang Bang" (Title Song)
| rowspan="2"| [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| [[Neeti Mohan]]
|
|-
| "Uff"
| [[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]
| [[Harshdeep Kaur]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="4"|2015
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|''[[ABCD 2]]''
| "Naach Meri Jaan"
| rowspan="2"| [[Sachin–Jigar]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Mayur Puri]]
| [[Shalmali Kholgade]], [[Siddharth Basrur]], Rimi Nique
|
|-
| "If You Hold My Hand"
|
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Bangistan]]''
|"Saturday Night"
|[[Ram Sampath]]
|Puneet Krishna
|[[Aditi Singh Sharma]], [[Neeraj Shridhar]], Janusz Krucinski
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]''
| "Premika"
| [[Pritam]]
| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| [[Kanika Kapoor]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="7"|2016
|scope="row"|''[[Mastizaade]]''
| "Kamina Hai Dil"
| [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]
| [[Kumaar]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]''
| "Kya Kool Hai Hum" (Title Song)
| [[Sajid–Wajid]]
| Danish Sabri
| Shivranjani Singh
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Kapoor and Sons]]''
| "Let's Nacho"
| [[Nucleya]], Benny Dayal
| [[Kumaar]], Christopher Pradeep
| [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Baaghi (2016 film)|Baaghi]]''
| "Get Ready To Fight"
| Pranaay Rijia
| Rahul B. Seth, [[Sabbir Khan]]
| [[Siddharth Basrur]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Traffic (2016 film)|Traffic]]''
| "Keh Bhi De"
| [[Mithoon]]
| Turaz
| [[Palak Muchhal]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Te3n]]''
| "Rootha"
| [[Clinton Cerejo]]
| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], Bianca Gomes
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Befikre]]''
| "[[Ude Dil Befikre]]"
| [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| [[Jaideep Sahni]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|2017
|scope="row"|''[[A Gentleman]]''
| "Disco Disco"
|rowspan=2|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
| [[Vayu Srivastav]]
| [[Shirley Setia]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Bhoomi (2017 film)|Bhoomi]]''
| "Trippy Trippy"
| Priya Sariya, [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
| [[Neha Kakkar]], [[Brijesh Shandilya]], Badshah
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="4"|2018
|scope="row"|''[[Love Per Square Foot]]''
| "Chicken Dance"
| [[Sohail Sen]]
| [[Anand Tiwari]]
| Shivangi Bhayana
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Hichki]]''
| "Madamji Go Easy"
| [[Jasleen Royal]]
| Raj Shekhar, David Klyton
| David Klyton
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|''Lashtam Pashtam'' '''D'''
| "Lashtam Pashtam" (Title Song)
| rowspan="2"| Sana
| rowspan="2"|[[Mehboob (lyricist)|Mehboob]]
| [[KK (singer)|KK]]
|
|-
| "Kyon Na Ho"
| Shalmali Kholgade
|
|-
|scope=row rowspan=6|2019
|scope=row|''[[Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota]]''
|"Rappan Rappi Rap"
|Karan Kulkarni, Dipanjan Guha
|Garima Obrah
|
|
|-
|scope=row|''[[Arjun Patiala]]''
| "Crazy Habibi VS Decent Munda"
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
|colspan=2|[[Guru Randhawa]]
|
|-
|scope=row|''[[Mission Mangal]]''
| "Dil Mein Mars Hain"
|[[Amit Trivedi]]
|rowspan=2|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|[[Vibha Saraf]]
|
|-
|scope=row|''[[The Zoya Factor (film)|The Zoya Factor]]''
| "Pepsi Ki Kasam"
|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
|
|
|-
|scope=row|''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''
| "Jai Jai Shivshankar"
|[[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|[[Kumaar]]
|[[Vishal Dadlani]]
|
|-
|scope=row|''[[Made in China (2019 film)|Made in China]]''
| "Sanedo"
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
|[[Niren Bhatt]], [[Jigar Saraiya]]
|[[Mika Singh]], [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
|''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' '''D'''
| "Butta Bomma"
|[[S. Thaman]]
|Rajesh Manthan
|
|
|-
|scope=row|''[[Shakuntala Devi (film)|Shakuntala Devi]]''
| "Jhilmil Piya"
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
|[[Priya Saraiya]]
|[[Monali Thakur]]
|
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Indoo Ki Jawani]]''
| "Dil Tera"
|[[Rochak Kohli]]
|Gurpreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma
|[[Neeti Mohan]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2021
|''[[83 (film)|83]]''
| "Bigadne De"
|[[Pritam]]
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Tuesdays and Fridays]]''
| "Funky Mohabbat"
|[[Tony Kakkar]]
|[[Kumaar]]
|[[Sonu Kakkar]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|[[RRR (soundtrack)|''RRR'']] '''D'''
| "Sholay"
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|Riya Mukherjee
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], Sahithi Chaganti, Harika Narayan
|
|-
|''[[Atithi Bhooto Bhava]]''
|"Raat Kawari Hai"
|Prasad S
|[[Mayur Puri]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Salaam Venky]]''
|"Anda Bata Paratha"
|[[Mithoon]]
|Sandeep Shrivastava
|[[Aditi Singh Sharma]], Mithoon
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Ganapath]]''
|"Sara Zamana"
|White Noise Studios
|[[Priya Saraiya]]
|[[Prakriti Kakkar]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2024
|''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]''
|"Sher Khul Gaye"
|[[Vishal-Shekhar]]
|[[Kumaar]]
|[[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Shekhar Ravjiani]], [[Shilpa Rao]]
|
|-
|''[[Madgaon Express]]''
|"Raaton Ke Nazaare"
|[[Sharib Sabri|Sharib]]-[[Toshi Sabri|Toshi]]
|Kalim Sheikh
|Sharib-Toshi
|
|}

===Tamil songs===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Composer(s)
! scope="col" |Co-singer(s)
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|''[[London (2005 Indian film)|London]]''
|"Adimithu Adi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|Kamaal Khan
|-
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan (2005 film)|Ponniyin Selvan]]''
|"Do Re Me"
|[[Kunal Ganjawala]], Arjun
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2007
| ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]]''
| "[[Balleilakka]]" || [[A. R. Rahman]] || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[A. R. Reihana]]
|-
| ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]''
| "Neeye Sol" || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] || [[Sunitha Sarathy]]
|-
| ''[[Sivi (film)|Sivi]]''
| "O Nenje" || [[Dharan (music director)|Dharan]] || Dr. Burn, Dharan, [[Swetha Mohan|Shweta Mohan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan]]''
| "Nee Marilyn Monroe" || rowspan="2" | A. R. Rahman || [[Ujjayinee Roy]]
|-
|"Maduraikku"
|Archith, [[Darshana KT]]
|-
| rowspan="16" | 2008
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Kaalai]]''
| "Kaala Kaala" || rowspan="2" | G. V. Prakash Kumar || [[Mamta Mohandas]]
|-
|"Vandhutaanda Kaala"
|[[Rahul Nambiar]], [[Silambarasan Rajendar|Silambarasan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]''
| "Pudhu Pudhu" || rowspan="2" | [[Harris Jayaraj]] || [[Suchitra]], Guna
|-
|"Thikku Thikku"
|[[Sayanora Philip]]
|-
| ''[[Jayamkondaan]]''
| "Ore Or Naal" || Vidyasagar ||
|-
| ''[[Subramaniapuram]]''
| "Theneeril Snegitham" || [[James Vasanthan]] ||
|-
| ''[[Kuruvi]]''
| "Kuruvi Kuruvi" || Vidyasagar || Dr. Burn, [[Pravin Mani]], Vetri Boys, [[SuVi]]
|-
| ''[[Ananda Thandavam (film)|Ananda Thandavam]]''
| "Kallil Aadum" || G. V. Prakash Kumar || Shweta Mohan
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Sakkarakatti]]''
| "Taxi Taxi" || rowspan="2" | A. R. Rahman || [[Blaaze]], Viviane Chaix
|-
|"Chinnamma Chilakkamma"
|[[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|-
| ''[[Mahesh, Saranya Matrum Palar]]''
| "Katrae Katrae" || Vidyasagar ||
|-
| ''[[Sathyam (2008 film)|Sathyam]]''
| "En Anbe" || rowspan="3" | Harris Jayaraj || [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]''
| "Adiye Kolludhae" || [[Krish (singer)|Krish]], [[Shruti Haasan]]
|-
|"Yethi Yethi"
|[[Naresh Iyer]], Solar Sai
|-
| ''[[Seval]]''
| "Odamarathu Mullapola" || G. V. Prakash Kumar ||
|-
|''[[Pandi (film)|Pandi]]''
|"Kuthu Madhippa"
|[[Srikanth Deva]]
|Suchitra
|-
| rowspan="24" | 2009
| ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]''
| "Oyaayiyae" || Harris Jayaraj || [[Haricharan]], Chinmayi
|-
| ''[[Pasanga]]''
| "Who's That Guy" || James Vasanthan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Solla Solla Inikkum]]''
| "Sagiye Sagiye" || rowspan="2" | [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] ||
|-
|"Rajathi Rajaillae"
|
|-
| ''[[Guru En Aalu]]''
| "Veesuvadhu" || Srikanth Deva ||
|-
| ''[[Muthirai]]''
| "Night Is Still Young" || [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]|| Krish
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Kulir 100°]]''
| "Boom" || rowspan="2" | [[Bobo Shashi|BoBo Shashi]] || Abhishek Ray, [[Bobo Shashi|BoBo Shashi]]
|-
|"Siragindri Parakkalam"
|Geetha, Rekha, Saritha, Archana, Swami, Lil-J & Bobo Shashi
|-
| ''[[Maasilamani]]''
| "Nacka Romba Nacka" || [[D. Imman]] || [[Rita Thyagarajan|Rita]]
|-
| ''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]''
| "Oru Naal Iravil" || Vidyasagar || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
| ''[[Aadhavan]]''
| "Damakku Damakku" || Harris Jayaraj ||
|-
| ''[[Ninaithale Inikkum (2009 film)|Ninaithale Inikkum]]''
| "Nanbanai Partha" || [[Vijay Antony]] ||
|-
| ''[[Siddu +2]]''
| "Money Money" || Dharan || Reshmi
|-
|''[[Perumal (film)|Perumal]]''
|"Yaen Kedutha"
|Srikanth Deva
|Surmukhi Raman
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Laadam]]''
|"Makkah"
| rowspan="2" |Dharan
|Haricharan
|-
|"Gangster"
|Dr. Burn
|-
|''[[Manjal Veiyil]]''
|"College Vazhkayila"
|Bharadwaj
|Jaya
|-
|''[[Sirithal Rasipen]]''
|"Kanadicha Rosapoo"
|Iniyavan
|Suchitra
|-
|''[[Palaivana Solai (2009 film)|Palaivana Solai]]''
|"Happy New"
|E. K. Bobby
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Saa Boo Thiri]]''
|"Suvai Karumbe"
| rowspan="2" |Abbas Rafi
|Ujjayinee Roy
|-
|"Saa Boo Thiri"
|
|-
|''[[Naan Avanillai 2]]''
|"Manmadha Leelai"
|D. Imman
|[[Shail Hada]], Nithyasree
|-
|''[[Kandhakottai]]''
|"Kaadhal Paambu"
|[[Dhina]]
|[[Sowmya Raoh]], Dev Prakash
|-
| ''[[Paiyaa]]''
| "Poongatre Poongatre" || rowspan="2" | Yuvan Shankar Raja ||
|-
| rowspan="30" | 2010
| ''[[Goa (2010 film)|Goa]]''
| "Idaivezhi Oru" || Mamta Mohandas
|-
| ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]''
| "Omana Penne" || A. R. Rahman || [[Kalyani Menon]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Yathumaagi]]''
| "Pesum Minsaram" || rowspan="2" | James Vasanthan ||
|-
|"Yathumaagi"
|
|-
| ''[[Aridhu Aridhu]]''
| "Kanavugal Edhuvarai" || [[S. Thaman]] || S. Thaman
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Angadi Theru]]''
| "Kadhaigalai Pesum" || rowspan="2" | G. V. Prakash Kumar || [[Hamsika Iyer]]
|-
|"Yenge Poveno"
|[[MK Balaji]], Janaki Iyer
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Don (2007 film)|Don]]''
| "Sureanna" || rowspan="2" | [[Raghava Lawrence]] ||
|-
|"Thadai Udaipaan"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]''
| "Kodu Poatta" || rowspan="2" | [[A. R. Rahman]] || [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|"Keda Kari"
|[[Bamba Bakya]], A. R. Reihana, [[Tanvi Shah]]
|-
| ''[[Singam]]''
| "Naane Indhiran" || [[Devi Sri Prasad]] || [[Manikka Vinayagam]]
|-
| ''[[Enthiran]]''
| "Arima Arima" || A. R. Rahman || [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Sadhana Sargam, Naresh Iyer
|-
| ''[[Vaadaa]]''
| "Adi Yennadi Raakkamma" || rowspan="2" | D. Imman ||
|-
| ''[[Mynaa]]''
| "Neeyum Naanum" || [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Easan]]''
| "Meyyana Inbam" || rowspan="2" | James Vasanthan || [[Sukhwinder Singh]], Sunandan
|-
|"Get Ready"
|Gerard Thompson
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Chikku Bukku]]''
| "Chikku Bukku" || rowspan="2" | [[Pravin Mani]] || Rahul Nambiar, Maya, Sricharan
|-
|"Zara Zara"
|Lavanya
|-
| ''[[Kaavalan]]''
| "Step Step" || Vidyasagar || [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]
|-
| ''[[Veppam]]''
| "Minnala" || [[Joshua Sridhar]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Thambikku Indha Ooru]]''
|"Ore Minsaram"
| rowspan="2" |Dharan
|
|-
|"Thambikku Indha Ooru"
|[[Mukesh Mohamed]]
|-
|''[[Kanagavel Kaaka]]''
|"Suthugira Bhoomi"
|Vijay Antony
|
|-
|''[[Kola Kolaya Mundhirika]]''
|"Ada Engengum"
|[[V. Selvaganesh]]
|Kalpana
|-
|''[[Magane En Marumagane]]''
|"Singampatti Oorula"
|Dhina
|[[Chinnaponnu]]
|-
|''[[Kadhalagi]]''
|"Roja Thottathil"
|[[A. R. Reihana]]
|Karthik, Prashanthini, A. R. Reihana
|-
|''[[Pa. Ra. Palanisamy]]''
|"Nenjukkul Mariyal"
|Dhina
|Priya Himesh
|-
|''[[Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval]]''
|"Paarthal Naan Charlie Chaplin"
|Pollack
|
|-
|''[[Vilai]]''
|"Arukkaani Arukkaani"
|D. Imman
|Priyadarshini
|-
| rowspan="14" | 2011
| ''[[Kadhal 2 Kalyanam]]''
| "Idhu Kadhalai" || rowspan="2" | Yuvan Shankar Raja || Chinmayi
|-
| ''[[Vaanam]]''
| "Who Am I" ||
|-
| ''[[Ambuli]]''
| "Happy Farewell Day" || [[Vivek-Mervin|Mervin Solomon]] || [[Pop Shalini]], Reshmitha, Priyanka
|-
| ''[[Ontari (film)|Subramaniam]]''
| "Solvanna" || [[Mani Sharma]] || [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
|-
| ''[[Venghai]]''
| "Dhenam Dhenam" || Devi Sri Prasad || [[Baba Sehgal]]
|-
| ''[[7aam Arivu]]''
| "Oh Ringa Ringa" || Harris Jayaraj || Suchitra, Roshan, Jerry John
|-
| ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''
| "Kondaadu Kondaadu" || [[Deepak Dev]] || Rita
|-
| ''[[Margazhi 16]]''
| "Thirunelveli" || E. K. Bobby
|
|-
|''[[Aivar (film)|Aivar]]''
|"Enga Veetu Nai"
|Kavi Periyathambi
|
|-
|''[[Mittai]]''
|"Aasaipadu"
|[[Sabesh–Murali]]
|
|-
|''[[Naan Sivanagiren]]''
|"Kadhalillai"
|K. S. Manoj
|Cisily
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Vithagan]]''
|"Gappu Aappu"
| rowspan="2" |Joshua Sridhar
|
|-
|"Vegamaai"
|Sunitha Sarathy
|-
|''[[Maharaja (2011 film)|Maharaja]]''
|"My Name Is Raju Baby"
|D. Imman
|Nassar, Sricharan
|-
| rowspan="18" | 2012
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Podaa Podi]]''
| "Podaa Podi" || rowspan="2" | Dharan || [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
|-
|"Maatikittaenae"
|Naresh Iyer, Suchitra
|-
| ''[[Marina (2012 film)|Marina]]''
| "Yelelo" || [[Girishh G]] || Sandhya, Andrea Jeremiah
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Leelai]]''
| "Ponmalai" || rowspan="2" | [[Satish Chakravarthy]]||
|-
|"Bubble Gum"
|Sunitha Sarathy, SuVi, [[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]]
|-
| ''[[Kumki (film)|Kumki]]''
| "Yella Oorum" || D. Imman || D. Imman
|-
| ''[[Vishwaroopam]]''
| "Thuppaki Engal Tholile" || [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] || [[Kamal Haasan]]
|-
|''[[Marupadiyum Oru Kadhal]]''
| "May Madhaam" || Srikanth Deva ||
|-
|''[[Medhai]]''
|"Uyirile Deepam Ondru"
|Dhina
|Saindhavi
|-
|''[[Naanga]]''
|"Romance Rowdy"
|Bala Bharathi
|
|-
|''[[Kantha (film)|Kantha]]''
|"Etturu Tarikaa"
|Shakthi R. Selva
|
|-
|''[[Suzhal (film)|Suzhal]]''
|"Vaa Nanba Vaa"
|L. V. Ganesh
| rowspan="2" |Suvi Suresh
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Mirattal]]''
|"Whistle Poodu"
| rowspan="2" |Pravin Mani
|-
|"Thillu Mullu"
|Pravin Mani
|-
|''[[Eppadi Manasukkul Vanthai]]''
|"En Thottathu"
|A. J. Daniel
|Priya Himesh
|-
| rowspan="3" |''[[English Vinglish]]''
|"Dhikku Dhikku"
| rowspan="3" |[[Amit Trivedi]]
|
|-
|"Manhattan"
|Bianca Gomes
|-
|"English Vinglish" (male)
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2013
| ''[[Thalaivaa]]''
| "Tamil Pasanga" || G. V. Prakash Kumar ||Sheezay. Psycho Unit
|-
| ''[[Neram]]''
| "Evan Avan" || [[Rajesh Murugesan]] ||
|-
| ''[[JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai]]''
| "Uyire Uyire" || G. V. Prakash Kumar || [[Ramya NSK]]
|-
|''[[Azhagan Azhagi]]''
|"Penne Penne"
|[[Kannan (composer)|Kannan]]
|
|-
|''[[Thulli Vilayadu]]''
|"Vaa Machi Oothiko"
|Srikanth Deva
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2014
| ''[[Aaha Kalyanam]]''
| "Kootali Kootali" || Dharan || [[Usha Uthup]]
|-
| ''[[Maan Karate]]''
| "Darling Dambakku" || [[Anirudh Ravichander]] ||[[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
| ''[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]''
| "Oru Kan Jaadai" || Yuvan Shankar Raja || [[Shweta Pandit]]
|-
| ''[[Sigaram Thodu]]''
| "Sigaram Thodu" || rowspan="2" | D. Imman || Snigdha Chandra, Santhosh Hariharan
|-
|''[[Ninaivil Nindraval (2014 film)|Ninaivil Nindraval]]''
|"Senthamizhe"
|Shweta Mohan, [[Dinesh Kanagaratnam]]
|-
|''[[Yaamirukka Bayamey]]''
|"Ennamo Edho"
|S. N. Prasad
|Sunitha Sarathy
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2015
| ''[[Yennai Arindhaal...]]''
| "Unakkenna Venum Sollu" || Harris Jayaraj || [[Mahathi (singer)|Mahathi]]
|-
| ''[[Vasuvum Saravananum Onna Padichavanga]]''
| "Adada Onnum Solladha" || D. Imman || [[Sakthisree Gopalan|Shakthisree Gopalan]]
|-
| ''[[Naanum RowdyDhaan]]''
| "Naanum Rowdydhaan" || Anirudh Ravichander ||
|-
|''[[Iruvar Ondranal]]''
|"Silu Silu"
|Guru Krishnan
|
|-
|''[[Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka]]''
|"Papparapampam"
|Prasan-Praveen-Shyam
|[[Krishna Iyer]], [[M. M. Manasi]]
|-
|''[[Masala Padam]]''
|"Abc Of Chennai"
|Karthik Acharya
|Subhi
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2016
| ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]''
|"Kaalam En Kadhali" || A. R. Rahman || Shashwat Singh, [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]]
|-
| ''[[Aandavan Kattalai (2016 film)|Aandavan Kattalai]]''
| "Vaazhkai Oru Ottagam" || [[K (Indian composer)|K]] ||
|-
| ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Devi]]''
| "Chalmaar" || [[Sajid–Wajid]] ||
|-
|''[[Maalai Naerathu Mayakkam|Maalai Nerathu Mayakkam]]''
|"Mokka Piece"
|Amrit
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 2017
| ''[[Vanamagan]]''
|"Morada Morada" || Harris Jayaraj || Krish
|-
| ''[[Saravanan Irukka Bayamaen]]''
| "Lala Kadai Santhi" || D. Imman|| Sunidhi Chauhan
|-
| ''[[Sathya (2017 Tamil film)|Sathya]]''
| "Kadhal Project" || Simon K.King||Keerthana Vaidyanathan, Sharanya Gopinath, [[Yazin Nizar]]
|-
| [[Sei (film)|''Sei'']]
| "Machaney Machaney" || NyX Lopez ||
|-
|''[[Bairavaa]]''
|"Pattaya Kelappu"
|[[Santhosh Narayanan]]
|Ananthu
|-
|''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]''
|"Dooram Nillu"
|[[Sean Roldan]]
|[[Dhanush]], Shakthisree Gopalan
|-
|''[[Karuppan]]''
|"Olaga Vaayaadi"
| rowspan="2" |D. Imman
|
|-
|''[[Nenjil Thunivirundhal]]''
|"Aei Arakka"
|
|-
|''[[Brahma.com]]''
|"I Am CEO"
|[[Siddharth Vipin]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|-
| rowspan="10" |2018
| rowspan="2" |''[[Abhiyum Anuvum]]''
|"Engada Pona"
| rowspan="2" |Dharan
|-
|"Engada Pona" (male)
|
|-
|''[[Goli Soda 2]]''
|"Kannamma (Reprise)"
|[[Achu Rajamani]]
|
|-
|''[[Mohini (2018 film)|Mohini]]''
|"Bomb Figure Baby"
|[[Vivek–Mervin]]
|Sanjana, Switche
|-
|''[[Ghajinikanth]]''
|"Hola Hola"
|Balamurali Balu
|M. M. Manasi, Christopher Stanley
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[60 Vayadu Maaniram]]''
|"Thedi Thedi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[Vibhavari Apte Joshi|Vibhavari]]
|-
|"Naalum Naalum" (II)
|[[Monali Thakur]]
|-
|''[[Saamy Square]]''
|"Darnakka"
|Devi Sri Prasad
|[[Anthony Daasan]]
|-
|''[[NOTA (film)|NOTA]]''
|"Yethikka Yethikka"
|[[Sam C. S.]]
|Sunitha Sarathy
|-
|''[[Kaatrin Mozhi]]''
|"Dirty Pondatti"
|A. H. Kaashif
|Swagatha S Krishnan
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2019
| ''[[Saaho]]''
| "Bad Boy" || [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] || Sunitha Sarathy
|-
| ''[[K.D. (film)|KD]]''
| "Tuckulingu" || [[Karthikeya Murthy]] || Andrea Jeremiah
|-
|''[[Ayogya (2019 film)|Ayogya]]''
|"Godu Godu"
|Sam C. S.
|Nivas
|-
|''[[Mr. Local]]''
|"Menaminiki"
|[[Hiphop Tamizha]]
|Snigdha Chandra
|-
|''[[House Owner]]''
|"Saayamal Saaigindra"
|[[Ghibran Vaibodha|Ghibran]]
|
|-
|''[[Jada (2019 film)|Jada]]''
|"Tarrake"
|Sam C. S.
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]''
|"Sirikkalam Parakkalam"
|[[Masala Coffee]]
|Madurai Souljour
|-
|''[[Irandam Kuththu]]''
| "Virginity"
| Dharan
| Ramya NSK
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2021
| ''[[99 Songs]]''
| "Naalai Naalai"
| A. R. Rahman
|
|-
|''[[Pushpa: The Rise (soundtrack)|Pushpa: The Rise – Part 1]]''
|"Odu Odu Aadu"
|Devi Sri Prasad
|
|-
|''[[Maara]]''
|"Oh Azhage"
|Ghibran
|
|-
|''[[Theerpugal Virkapadum]]''
|"Yaarum Ingu"
|S. N. Prasad
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |2022
| ''[[My Dear Bootham (film)|My Dear Bootham]]''
|"Master Oh My Master"
| D. Imman
|
|-
|''[[Anbarivu]]''
|"Kanavugal"
|Hiphop Tamizha
|Bamba Bakya, [[Sam Vishal]], Srinisha Jayaseelan, Sridhar Sena, Maanasi K, Shilvi Sharon
|-
|[[The Legend (2022 film)|''The Legend'']]
|"Vaadi Vaasal"
|Harris Jayaraj
|[[Jonita Gandhi]]
|-
|[[RRR (soundtrack)|''RRR'']]
|"Koelae"
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|Vishal Mishra, Sahithi Chaganti, Harika Narayan
|-
|''[[Bhediya|Onai]]''
|"Kaduna Thrillu Thanada"
|[[Sachin-Jigar]]
|
|-
|''[[Yutha Satham]]''
|"Rock N Roll Rasaathi"
|D. Imman
|Joewin Shamalina
|-
|''[[Kuttram Kuttrame]]''
|"Maaman Magale"
|[[Ajesh|Ajeesh]]
|Pravin Saivi, Ajeesh
|-
|''[[Maha (film)|Maha]]''
|"Kedutthutiye"
|Ghibran
|
|-
|''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham|Kanam]]''
|"Thaalam Thattum"
|[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|
|-
|''[[Gatta Kusthi]]''
|"Chal Chakka"
|[[Justin Prabhakaran]]
|
|-
|''[[Varalaru Mukkiyam]]''
|"Pothi Pothi Valatha Pulla"
|[[Shaan Rahman]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Tiger 3]]''
|<nowiki>''Tiger Partyla Naam''</nowiki>
|[[Pritam]]
|[[Anusha Mani]]
|-
|''[[Ellaam Mela Irukuravan Paathuppan]]''
|"Super Hero"
|Karthik Acharya
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Padaiyaanda Maaveeraa]]''
|"Pulikodi"
|G. V. Prakash Kumar
|V. M. Mahalingam
|}

===Telugu songs===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2008
|''[[Jalsa]]''
| "Jennifer Lopez" || [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
|[[Ready (2008 film)|''Ready'']]
| "Ayyo Ayyo Ayyo" || [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
|''[[Ullasamga Utsahamga]]''
| "Chakkori Chakkori" || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2009
|[[Current (2009 film)|''Current'']]
| "Current" || [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
|[[Villagelo Vinayakudu|''Village Lo Vinayakudu'']]
| "Superman" || [[Manikanth Kadri]]
|-
|[[Josh (2009 Telugu film)|''Josh'']]
| "Bad Boy" || [[Sandeep Chowta]]
|-
|[[Blue (2009 film)|''Blue'']]
| "Gundey Lo Nippundiley" - (Dubbed) || [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|rowspan="7"| 2010
|''[[Namo Venkatesa]]''
| "Tottadoing" || [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
|[[Bindaas (2010 film)|''Bindaas'']]
| "Girija Girija" || [[Bobo Shashi]]
|-
|''[[Ye Maaya Chesave]]''
| "Kundanapu Bomma" || [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|''[[Varudu]]''
| "Saare Jahaa"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
|-
|[[Darling (2010 film)|''Darling'']]
| "Gum Gum Yeyo" || G. V. Prakash Kumar
|-
|[[Vedam (film)|''Vedam'']]
| "Now or Never" || [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
|[[Orange (2010 film)|''Orange'']]
| "Orange" || [[Harris Jayaraj]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2011
|''[[Prema Kavali]]''
| "Dum Dum" || [[Anup Rubens]]
|-
|''[[Teen Maar]]''
| "Barbie Bommaki" || Mani Sharma
|-
|''[[Dhada]]''
| "Bhoome Gundranga" || Devi Sri Prasad
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Oh My Friend]]''
| "Vegam Vegam" || rowspan="2" |[[Rahul Raj]]
|-
|"Nuvvu Nenu Jattu"
|-
|[[Mogudu (film)|''Mogudu'']]
| "Bachelor Boys" || Babu Shankar
|-
| rowspan="11" | 2012
|[[Lovely (2012 film)|''Lovely'']]
| "Dolare Dola" || Anoop Rubens
|-
|''[[Poola Rangadu (2012 film)|Poola Rangadu]]''
| "Poola Rangadu" || Anoop Rubens
|-
|''[[Daruvu]]''
| "Sexy Lady" ||[[Vijay Antony]]
|-
|''[[Endukante... Premanta!]]''
| "Cinderella" || G. V. Prakash Kumar
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Rebel (2012 film)|''Rebel'']]
| "Keka Keka" || rowspan="2" |[[Raghava Lawrence]]
|-
|"Keka Keka"(Remix)
|-
| rowspan="3" |''[[English Vinglish]]'' (Dubbed version)
|"English Vinglish"(Male)
| rowspan="3" |[[Amit Trivedi]]
|-
|"Uliki Padenule"
|-
|"Manhattan"
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Genius (2012 film)|''Genius'']]
| "Ambani Alludaina" || rowspan="2" |[[Joshua Sridhar]]
|-
|"Chirigina Notu"
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013
|''[[Vishwaroopam]]''
|"Thupakee Thone"
|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
|-
|''Chinni Chinni Aasha''
|"Idhigo Ila"
|M Karthik
|-
|''[[Iddarammayilatho]]''
|"Run Run"
|Devi Sri Prasad
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014
|''[[Aaha Kalyanam]]''
|"Savari Savari"
|[[Dharan Kumar]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |''[[Bang Bang!]]''
|"Ivvaleyee Gaaluloo"
| rowspan="3" |[[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|-
|"Uff"
|-
|"Bang Bang"
|-
| 2015
|[[Yennai Arindhaal|''Yentha Vaadu Gaani'']]
| "Neekem Kaavaalo" || Harris Jayaraj
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
|[[24 (2016 film)|''24'']]
| "Kaalam Na Preyasi" || A.R. Rahman
|-
|''[[Sardaar Gabbar Singh]]''
| "Sardaar Gabbar Singh" || Devi Sri Prasad
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|[[Venkatapuram (film)|''Venkatapuram'']]
|"O Maya"
|[[Achu Rajamani|Achu]]
|-
|[[Nenjil Thunivirundhal|''C/o Surya'']]
|"Rudrakshaa"
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018
|''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]''
|"Manasa"
|KAG
|-
|[[Next Enti?|''Next Enti'']]
|"Love Ostavam"
|[[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]]
|-
|''Anaganaga O Prema Katha''
|"Oka Tholi Prema"
|KC Anjan
|-
|''[[Antariksham 9000 KMPH]]''
|"Dheemaga"
|[[Prashanth R Vihari]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019
|''[[Dev (2019 film)|Dev]]''
|"Rey Bava Dev"
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|-
|[[Maharshi (2019 film)|''Maharshi'']]
| "Phir Shuru" || Devi Sri Prasad
|-
|[[ABCD: American Born Confused Desi (2019 film)|''ABCD: American Born Confused Desi'']]
|"America Naa America"
|Judah Sandy
|-
|''[[Arjun Suravaram]]''
|"Thikamaka Makatika"
|[[Sam C. S.]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |2020
|''[[World Famous Lover]]''
|"Comosava Paris"
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |2021
|''[[Paagal]]''
|"Ee Single Chinnode"
|[[Radhan]]
|-
|2022
|''Bhediya'' (Dubbed version)
|<nowiki>''Adavullo Chichu Regeraa''</nowiki>
|[[Sachin-Jigar]]
|-
|2023
|''[[Tiger 3]]'' (Dubbed version)
|<nowiki>''Yegire Manasey''</nowiki>
|[[Pritam]]
|-
|2024
|''[[Siddharth Roy]]''
|"Nuvvevaro Mari"
|[[Radhan]]
|-
|2025
|[[Jack (2025 film)|''Jack'']]
|"Pablo Neruda"
|[[Achu Rajamani]]
|-
|2026
|''[[Raakaasa]]''
|"Snake Dance"
|[[Anudeep Dev]]
|}

=== Malayalam songs ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Composer(s)
! scope="col" |Writer(s)
! scope="col" |Co-singer(s)
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="4"|2005
|scope="row" rowspan ="4"|''[[By the People (2005 film)|By the People]]''
| "Asthala Vista"
| rowspan ="4"|[[Pravin Mani]]
|
|
|
|-
| "Malare"
|
|
|
|-
| "Vasco da Gama"
|
|
|
|-
| "Rock Me"
|
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="1"|2006
|scope="row"|''[[Kilukkam Kilukilukkam]]''
| "Paatonnu Paadan Marannathende"
| [[Deepak Dev]]
| [[Bichu Thirumala]], [[Gireesh Puthenchery]]
| [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith Govind]], [[Arjun Sasi]], [[Smitha]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="1"|2009
|scope="row"|''[[Robin Hood (2009 film)|Robin Hood]]''
| "Parannu Vanna Paingili"
| [[M. Jayachandran]]
|
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="1"|2010
|scope="row"|''[[Apoorvaragam]]''
| "Noolilla Pattangal"
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| Santhosh Varma
| Devanand, Ranjith Govind, Naveen Anand, Cicily, [[Suchithra]]
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Kaaryasthan]]''
|"Mangalangal"
|[[Berny–Ignatius]]
|[[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="2"|2011
|scope="row"|''[[Seniors (2011 film)|Seniors]]''
| "Aaramam Niranje"
| [[Alphons Joseph]]
| [[Anil Panachooran]]
| Lakshmi
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Teja Bhai & Family]]''
| "Punjirikku"
| Deepak Dev
|
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="1"|2015
|scope="row"|''[[KL 10 Patthu]]''
| "Halakinte avilumkanji"
| [[Bijibal]]
|
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="3"|2018
|scope="row"|''[[Queen (2018 film)|Queen]]''
| "Saare Njangalingana"
| [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| Joe Paul
| Jakes Bejoy, Ziya Ul Haque, Kavitha Gopi, Zonobia Safar

|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[My Story (film)|My Story]]''
| "Pathungi Pathungi"
| [[Shaan Rahman]]
| B. K. Harinarayanan
| [[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Koode]]''
| "Paranne"
| Raghu Dixit
| [[Rafeeq Ahamed]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" scope="row" | 2019
| scope="row"|''[[Sakalakalashala]]''
| "Illatha Kashinu"
| [[Aby Tom Cyriac]]
|
|
|
|-
|''Queen Of Neermathalam Poothakalam''
|"Kalathin Mayajala"
|Nahoom Abraham
|S.Chandra
|
|
|-
| scope="row"|''[[Saaho]]'' (D)
| "Bad Boy"
| Badshah
| [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]
| [[Sunitha Sarathy]]
|
|-
| scope="row"| ''[[Finals (film)|Finals]]''
| "Chalaname"
| [[Kailas Menon]]
| [[Manu Manjith]]
|
|
|-
| scope="row"| ''Valiyaperunnal''
| "Uyirullavarum Sakalorkkum"
| Rex Vijayan, Street Academics|Rex Vijayan, Street Academics

|Dimal Dennis, Thasreeq Abdul Salam|Dimal Dennis, Thasreeq Abdul Salam
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2022
| scope="row"| ''[[Thallumaala]]''
| "Ole Melody"
| [[Vishnu Vijay]]
| [[Muhsin Parari]]
| [[Haricharan]], [[Salim Kumar]], [[Vishnu Vijay]]
|
|-
|scope="row"| ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One - Shiva]]''
| "Piri Ilaki Aadi"
| [[Pritam]]
| [[Shabareesh Varma]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Kasargold]]''
|"Alaye"
|Vishnu Vijay
|Mu.Ri
|Vishnu Vijay
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Otta (film)|''Otta'']]
|"Peyneer Poley"
| rowspan="2" |M. Jayachandran
| rowspan="2" |Rafeeq Ahamed
|[[P. Jayachandran]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2023 |title='Peyneer Poley' song from 'Otta' out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/peyneer-poley-song-from-otta-out/articleshow/104702759.cms |access-date=28 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026074627/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/peyneer-poley-song-from-otta-out/articleshow/104702759.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|"Paral"
|Unni Elayaraja, M. Jayachandran
|
|-
|2025
|[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]
|"Shoka Mookam"
|Jakes Bejoy
|Vinayak Sasikumar
|Pranavam Sasi, J'mymah
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-06 |title='Shoka Mookam' song From 'Lokah' released; makers call it the Boys Anthem {{!}} WATCH |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/shoka-mookam-song-from-lokah-chapter-one-chandra-released-o6gnzduc |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Mathrubhumi English |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Kannada songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Composer(s)
! scope="col" |Writer(s)
! scope="col" |Co-singer(s)
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|2008
|scope="row" rowspan="2"| ''[[Mast Maja Maadi]]''
| "Shakalaka Boom"
| rowspan="2"|P.B Balaji
| rowspan="2"|Ram Narayan
| Janaki Iyer
|
|-
|"Jhana Jhana Kanchana"
| [[Krish (singer)|Krish]], [[SuVi]], P.B Balaji
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="5"|2009
|scope="row"| ''[[Ullasa Utsaha]]''
| "Chakkori Chakkori"
| [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="4"| ''[[Love Guru (2009 film)|Love Guru]]''
| "Romeogalige juliet"
| rowspan="4"|[[Joshua Sridhar]]
| Joshua Sridhar
| Blaaze
|
|-
| "Minchi Hoithu"
| rowspan="3"|Vijayshankar
|
|
|-
| "Thangaali Thandeya"
|
|
|-
| "Yaaru Kooda"
| Karthik
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="4"|2010
|scope="row" rowspan="2"| ''[[Prithvi (2010 film)|Prithvi]]''
| "Hejjegondu Hejje"
| rowspan="2"|[[Manikanth Kadri]]
| Kaviraj
| [[Shweta Mohan]], Clinton Cerejo
|
|-
| "Jagave Ninadu"
| K. Kalyan
| Manikanth Kadri
|
|-
|scope="row"| ''[[Gaana Bajaana]]''
| "Gundetu Gundetu"
| rowspan="2"|Joshua Sridhar
|
| [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|
|-
|scope="row"| ''[[Huduga Hudugi]]''
| "Illeana"
| Kaviraj
| [[Krissy]], Rita
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan="1"|2016
|scope="row"|''[[Mungaru Male 2]]''
| "My Daddy is My Hero"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| [[Chandan Shetty]]
| Chandan Shetty
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Ninna Sanihake]]''
|"Olavaagidhe"
|[[Raghu Dixit]]
|[[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
|Aishwarya Rangarajan
|
|-
|}

=== Bengali songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Composer(s)
! scope="col" |Writer(s)
! scope="col" |Co-singer(s)
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="2"|2013
|scope="row" rowspan ="2"|''[[Rangbaaz (2013 film)|Rangbaaz]]''
| "O Madhu I Love You"
| rowspan ="6"|[[Jeet Gannguli]]
| Raja Chanda
| [[Monali Thakur]]
|
|-
| Korisna Rangbazi
| Prasen
| rowspan ="2"| [[Neeti Mohan]]
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="2"|2014
|scope="row"|''[[Game: He Plays To Win]]''
| "Party All Night"
| [[Jalsha Movies Production]]
|
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Bachchan (2014 film)|Bachchan]]''
| "Bachchan Bachchan (Title Track)"
| [[Raja Chanda]]
|
|
|-
|scope="row" rowspan ="4"|2015
|scope="row" rowspan ="2"|''[[Herogiri]]''
| "Maria"
| rowspan ="2"|Raja Chanda
| [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
|
|-
| "Janemon"
| Deepali Sathe
|
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Agnee 2]]''
| "Akk Khan Chumu"
| [[Akassh]]
| Priyo Chatterjee
|
|
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Parbona Ami Chartey Tokey]]''
| "O Lolona"
| [[Indradeep Dasgupta]]
| Prasen (Prasenjit Mukherjee)
| Satrujit Dasgupta
|
|-
|scope="row" |2016
|scope="row" | ''[[Beparoyaa]]''
| "Piya Basanti"
| Indra, Kutty
| Dipankar
| [[Akriti Kakkar]]
|
|-
|scope="row" |2017
|scope="row" | ''[[Jio Pagla]]''
|"Jio Pagla (Title Track)"
| Jeet Gannguli
| Prasenjit Mallick
| Monali Thakur
|
|-
|}

=== Gujarati songs ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Composer(s)
! scope="col" |Writer(s)
! scope="col" |Co-singer(s)
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
|scope="row" |2017
|scope="row" | ''[[Chor Bani Thangaat Kare]]''
| "Mauj-E-Dariya"
| Sachin–Jigar
| [[Niren Bhatt]]
|
|
|-
|}

=== Marathi songs ===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Composer(s)
! scope="col" |Writer(s)
! scope="col" |Co-singer(s)
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
|2019
|''[[Highway (2019 film)|Highway]]''
| "Kangaroo"
| Reva
| Ashwin
|
|
|-
|}

=== Urdu songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" "textcolor:#000;"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Composer(s)
! scope="col" |Writer(s)
! scope="col" |Co-singer(s)
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Bachaana]]''
| "Bachaana"
| Ali Sher
| Shakeel Sohail
| Komal Ghazanfar
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1035195/bachaana-lifts-the-mood-in-lahore|title='Bachaana' lifts the mood in Lahore|work=The Express Tribune|date=27 January 2016|accessdate=14 March 2022|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422163409/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1035195/bachaana-lifts-the-mood-in-lahore|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/95175/bachaana-big-film-entertainment-releases-bachaana-ost/|title=Bachaana: Big Film Entertainment releases Bachaana OST|work=Daily Times|date=28 January 2016|accessdate=14 March 2022|archive-date=14 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314024127/https://dailytimes.com.pk/95175/bachaana-big-film-entertainment-releases-bachaana-ost/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" "textcolor:#000;"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
| 2005 || ''[[By the People (2005 film)|By The People]]'' || Himself || Malayalam || Cameo appearance in the songs "Rock Me" and "Oh Laila Oh Majnu"
|}

== Awards and honors ==
'''Won'''
* [[54th Filmfare Awards]] – [[Filmfare RD Burman Award for New Music Talent|RD Burman Award for New Music Talent]] – "Kaise Mujhe" for (''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'')
* 2009 [[Stardust Award]]s — Max Stardust Awards for New Musical Sensation – "Pappu Can't Dance" for (''[[Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na]]'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://popcorn.oneindia.in/artist-awards/359/7/benny-dayal.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713194927/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/artist-awards/359/7/benny-dayal.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2012|title=AWARDS|publisher=[[Oneindia.in]]|access-date=3 October 2011}}</ref>
* [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards|Ananda vikadan cinema awards]] – Best playback singer – Male

==Live performances==
*At Effe'25, [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad|IIIT Allahabad]], on 31 March 2026
*At QNCC, Doha, Qatar on 29 February 2024
*At AVENOIR 2023, DR. MOPPENS MEDICAL COLLEGE, Wayanadu, Kerala on 17 December 2023
*At ATMOS 2023, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, on 5 November 2023
*At BOSM 2023, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, on 25 September 2023
*At Aura 2023, KLS GIT Belagavi, on 18 March 2023
*At Vibrance 2023, VIT Chennai, on 3 March 2023
*At Youthopia’22, The Heritage School Kolkata, on 30 July 2022
*At IIT jodhpur, on 23 February 2020
*At Riviera 2020, VIT Vellore, on 13 February 2020
*At ECHOES 2020, IIM Kozhikode, on 8 February 2020
*At Standard Chartered T&I, Annual Staff Day 2019 December, MGM beach Resorts, Chennai.
*At Imperium 2019, Management Development Institute, Gurgaon
*At Festember 2019, National Institute of technology, Tiruchirapalli
* At Shivaji College (vibration '19), New Delhi on 21 February 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dubeat.com/event/the-cultural-committee-of-shivaji-college-is-back-with-its-annual-cultural-fest-vibrations-2019/|title=The Cultural Committee of Shivaji College is back with its Annual Cultural Fest- VIBRATIONS 2019!|website=DU Beat|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608170738/http://dubeat.com/event/the-cultural-committee-of-shivaji-college-is-back-with-its-annual-cultural-fest-vibrations-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Ranchi Gymkhana club, Ranchi, 20 January 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allevents.in/ranchi/mtv-unplugged-catch-benny-dayal-at-gym-khana-club-ranchi-on-20th/20003109784611|title=Mtv Unplugged Catch Benny Dayal at Gym Khana Club Ranchi on 20th|website=allevents.in|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608171226/https://allevents.in/ranchi/mtv-unplugged-catch-benny-dayal-at-gym-khana-club-ranchi-on-20th/20003109784611|url-status=live}}</ref>
* At Biocon Bangalore (Invivo 40), Bengaluru on 18 February 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reenadsouza.com/bangalores-best-anchor-reena-dsouza-hosted-biocons-40-years-celebration-annual-meet-2019/|title=Bangalore's Best anchor Reena Dsouza hosted Biocon's 40 years celebration & annual meet 2019|last=DSouza|first=Reena|date=18 February 2019|website=Reena D Souza|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608171231/https://www.reenadsouza.com/bangalores-best-anchor-reena-dsouza-hosted-biocons-40-years-celebration-annual-meet-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* At IIM Bangalore (Unmaad – Cultural Fest), Bengaluru on 2 February 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iimb.ac.in/the-benny-dayal-show-at-unmaad-2019|title=The Benny Dayal show at Unmaad 2019|website=iimb.ac.in|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608171229/https://www.iimb.ac.in/the-benny-dayal-show-at-unmaad-2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* At Madras Christian College, Chennai on 24 January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2019/feb/22/global-isai-festival-2019-benny-dayal-on-funktuation-and-their-newest-album-funk-katcheri-12967.html|title=Global Isai Festival 2019: Benny Dayal on Funktuation and their newest album Funk Katcheri|website=indulgexpress.com|date=22 February 2019 |access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608173641/https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2019/feb/22/global-isai-festival-2019-benny-dayal-on-funktuation-and-their-newest-album-funk-katcheri-12967.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* At Bacardi NH7 Weekender, Pune on 7 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insider.in/bacardi-nh7-weekender-pune-2018/event|title=Bacardi NH7 Weekender 2018, Pune|website=insider.in|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608173815/https://insider.in/bacardi-nh7-weekender-pune-2018/event|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livefiesta.com/blogs/bacardi-nh7-weekender-pune-artist-lineup-2018|title=Bacardi NH7 Weekender Pune Artist Line-up 2018|website=livefiesta.com|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608173816/https://www.livefiesta.com/blogs/bacardi-nh7-weekender-pune-artist-lineup-2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Redbull Music festival, Kochi, 24 November 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insider.in/red-bull-music-presents-benny-thaikkudam-and-thakara-nov24-2018/event|title=Red Bull Music Presents Benny Dayal, Thaikkudam Bridge and Thakara|website=insider.in|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608174111/https://insider.in/red-bull-music-presents-benny-thaikkudam-and-thakara-nov24-2018/event|url-status=live}}</ref>
* At Thapar University, Patiala on 19 November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allevents.in/patiala/benny-dayal-live-saturnalia-2018/20003241392803|title=Benny Dayal LIVE – Saturnalia 2018|website=allevents.in|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608174109/https://allevents.in/patiala/benny-dayal-live-saturnalia-2018/20003241392803|url-status=live}}</ref>
* At Manpho Convention Center, Bangalore (AT&T Family Day "Odessey 2020") on 18 November 2018
* The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Abu Dhabi Chapter, 16 November 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.awnic.com/eng/the-institue-of-chartered-accountants-of-india-abu-dhabi-chapter|title=The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Abu Dhabi Chapter|website=awnic.com|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608174436/https://www.awnic.com/eng/the-institue-of-chartered-accountants-of-india-abu-dhabi-chapter|url-status=live}}</ref>
* AIIMS Raipur on 28 October 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/raipur-news/oriana-2018-famous-singer-beni-dayal-will-give-28-live-performances-3597318/|title=ORIANA 2018 : मशहूर गायक बेनी दयाल 28 को देंगे लाइव परफॉर्मेंस|website=patrika.com|date=20 October 2018 |language=hi|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608180220/https://www.patrika.com/raipur-news/oriana-2018-famous-singer-beni-dayal-will-give-28-live-performances-3597318/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eventyas.com/XX/Unknown/1405931266096555/Oriana-AIIMS-Raipur|title=Oriana AIIMS Raipur (2019)|website=eventyas.com|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608174718/https://www.eventyas.com/XX/Unknown/1405931266096555/Oriana-AIIMS-Raipur|url-status=live}}</ref>
* At Mountain View, California (Gaana Music Festival) on 19 May 2018.
* At Vijayawada (K L University)Samyak 2018 on 24 March 2018.
* [[Crossroads (festival)|Crossroads]] 2018, Annual Cultural festival of [[Shri Ram College of Commerce]], [[Delhi, India|Delhi]], on 18 March 2018.
* [[NITK Surathkal]] on 3 March 2018 as part of the cultural festival [[Incident 2018 (Day 3, Pro Shows)]]
* At Goa (Royal Enfield Raider Maniya)Live in concert on 19 November 2017.
* Manipal Institute of Technology on 11 March 2017 as part of Revels, the annual cultural festival of MIT.
* At IIT Hyderabad (ELAN- NVISION) Live in Concert on 21 January 2017
* 2017– at world orange festival, Nagpur Maharashtra ... Nikhil.k
* Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, [[Mysuru]] at its annual cultural fest ([[Jayciana]] – 2016) on 22 April 2016<ref>{{cite news|title='CHAMPION' BRAVO TO ENTHRAL MYSUREANS AT SJCE TOMORROW|url=http://www.starofmysore.com/main.asp?type=news&item=46727|access-date=21 April 2016|newspaper=Star of Mysore|location=Mysuru, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423010612/http://www.starofmysore.com/main.asp?type=news|archive-date=23 April 2016}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
* [[Anaadyanta]] at the Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore on 5 March 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.buzzintown.com/bangalore/events/anaadyanta-2016-mtv-bollyland-campus-gig-benny-dayal/id--1029471.html|title=Anaadyanta 2016: MTV Bollyland Campus Gig with Benny Dayal & DJ ASEN|work=Buzz in Town|access-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308051408/http://www.buzzintown.com/bangalore/events/anaadyanta-2016-mtv-bollyland-campus-gig-benny-dayal/id--1029471.html|archive-date=8 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* At PBWA Powai Sarvajanin Durgotsav—Live in Concert on 21 October 2015
* Spirit of Wipro Run 2015 – Wipro Limited, Bangalore on 20 September 2015
* Zee London Mela – London, England on 6 September 2015
* In "Spandan'2015" conducted by JIPMER, Pondicherry on 2 September 2015
* [[Canadian National Exhibition]] (CNE), Toronto, Canada on 23 August 2015<ref>{{Cite web|title = Benny Dayal|url = http://theex.com/events/b/benny-dayal|website = theex.com|access-date = 27 August 2015}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Amrita School of Engineering]], Coimbatore for ''Anokha'' '15 (Amrita's annual technical festival) on 7 March 2015<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/focus-on-energy-conversion-as-tech-fest-ends/article6970387.ece?homepage=true|title = Focus on energy conversion as tech fest ends|date = 8 March 2015|access-date = 14 March 2015|archive-date = 19 April 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220419050703/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/focus-on-energy-conversion-as-tech-fest-ends/article6970387.ece?homepage=true|url-status = live}}</ref>
* [[Tech Mahindra]] Hyderabad annual fest Ekatvam in January 2015
* Infosys Limited, Bangalore, [[IIEST Shibpur|Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur]] for Rebeca '14 on 27 April 2014
* JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore at its annual Techno-Cultural Fest (VERVE – 2014) on 26 April 2014
* Symbiosis Center for Management Studies at its annual [[Sympulse]], in [[Pune]], on 15 January 2014
* Annual Cultural Festival OASIS 2014 of [[Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani]]
* [[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]] in [[Delhi, India|Delhi]] on 16 November 2013 at its annual management festival, Quo Vadis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://students.iift.ac.in/quovadis/star-night-benny-dayal-live.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113202701/http://students.iift.ac.in/quovadis/star-night-benny-dayal-live.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 November 2013|title=IIFT Quo Vadis 2013|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref>
* [[Zephyr (festival)|Zephyr]] 2013, the annual cultural festival of [[Orissa Engineering College]] in [[Bhubaneswar]]
* 2013 – Annual Cultural Fest, Siliguri Institute of Technology, Siliguri, West Bengal.
* [[Tezpur University]] at [[Techxetra]] on 27 October 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techxetra.org/2013/index.html#sound_bender|title=sound bender|access-date=27 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194132/http://www.techxetra.org/2013/index.html#sound_bender|archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref>
* [[NIT Trichy]] on 29 September 2013
*Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (IMS, BHU, Varanasi)~ ELIXIR cultural event on 13 March 2013
* 8th mile, RV college of engineering on 20 September 2011.[[Bangalore]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.8thmilervce.com|title=The Leading 8th Mile VCE Site on the Net|publisher=8thmilervce.com|access-date=20 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903010458/http://www.8thmilervce.com/|archive-date=3 September 2011}}</ref>
* Acharya Habba at the [[Acharya Institute of Technology]], Bangalore on 9 April 2011<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/06/stories/2011040652040200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110121858/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/06/stories/2011040652040200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2012|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Three-day Acharya Habba starts tomorrow|date=6 April 2011}}</ref>
* [[Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology]] on 21 March 2010 as part of a cultural event<ref>{{cite web|url=http://instincts.org.in/proshow.php|title=Instincts version 5.0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302144253/http://instincts.org.in/proshow.php |date=2 March 2010|archive-date=2 March 2010}}</ref>
* [[SSN College of Engineering]] on 5 March 2010, with [[Stephen Devassy]] and others
* [[Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy]], [[Tanjore]] as a part of the cult fest Kuruksastra in 2009
* [[NIT Calicut]] on 26 March 2009 as part of the cultural festival [[Ragam (music festival)|Ragam '09]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
*{{IMDb name|3270308}}
*{{Twitter|benny_dayal|Benny Dayal}}
*{{Instagram|bennydayalofficial|Benny Dayal}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dayal, Benny}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kollam]]
[[Category:Singers from Kollam]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Artists from Kollam]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:People from Abu Dhabi]]
[[Category:Madras Christian College alumni]]

Byomkesh (2017 TV series)

2026-04-23T19:03:04Z

Amanshrbiz: Started first article and citations

{{Short description|Indian Bengali thriller web-series}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{For|other novels, films, and series about Byomkesh Bakshi|Byomkesh Bakshi in other media}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Byomkesh logo art work.png
| caption = Byomkesh- logo
| director = [[Sayantan Ghosal]] [[Soumik Chattopadhyay]] [[Soumik Halder]] Sudipto Roy
| starring = [[Anirban Bhattacharya]] [[Subrat Dutta]] Suprobhat Das [[Bhaswar Chatterjee]] [[Riddhima Ghosh]]
| country = India
| genre = [[Detective]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| based_on = ''[[Byomkesh Bakshi]]'' by [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]]
| num_seasons = 8 
| num_episodes = 20 
| language = Bengali Hindi
| company = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|10|14}}
| last_aired = present
}}

'''''Byomkesh''''' is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[streaming television]] series based on the [[Byomkesh Bakshi]] character created by [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]]. Set in the 1930s, the series is based on the adventures of Byomkesh, and his friend and biographer Ajit, who usually accompanies Bakshi during his investigations. [[Anirban Bhattacharya]] portrays the lead role of [[Byomkesh]], with [[Subrat Dutta]] in the role of Byomkesh's trusted friend-turned-aide, [[Byomkesh|Ajit]]. The first episode premiered on Saturday, 14 October 2017, being the first Byomkesh<ref>{{Citation|title=Byomkesh Seasons 1 to 5 Review: A binge-worthy presentation of timeless Byomkesh classics|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/bengali/byomkesh/webseriesshow/76385991.cms|access-date=2021-06-16}}</ref> series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Suktara|date=2017-10-17|title='Byomkesh' Review: Our Fave Sleuth Is Ready to Rock the Web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/byomkesh-on-hoichoi-review|access-date=2021-06-16|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> to be available on OTT platform hoichoi worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Byomkesh বাকশ web series first episode premiere |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/byomkesh-bakshi-web-series-first-episode-to-premiere-today-on-hoichoi/story-MPaM5qLxfcDmGdubaL2EQN.html |publisher=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/gave-anirban-bhattacharya-the-confidence-continue-playing-byomkesh-190408|title=THIS gave Anirban Bhattacharya the confidence to continue playing Byomkesh|website=Tellychakkar.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Anirban Bhattacharya]] as [[Byomkesh Bakshi]]
*[[Subrat Dutta]] as [[Ajit Kumar Banerjee (writer)|Ajit Kumar Banerjee]] (Season 1 to Season 3)
*Suprobhat Das as [[Ajit Kumar Banerjee (writer)|Ajit Kumar Banerjee]] (Season 4 to Season 7)
*[[Bhaswar Chattopadhyay]] as [[Ajit Kumar Banerjee (writer)|Ajit Kumar Banerjee]] (Since Season 8)
*[[Ridhima Ghosh]] as Satyabati, Byomkesh's wife
*Tarun Chakraborty as Inspector Bidhu Bhattacharya
*[[Arjun Chakraborty]] as Himangsu Chowdhury
* [[Aryann Bhowmik]] as Satyakam Das
* Saptarshi Roy as Ushapati Das
* Tulika Basu as Suchitra Das
* Abanti Mohan Banerjee as Ramakanta Chowdhury
* Rupsha Chatterjee as Annapurna
* Oindrila Saha as Chumki
* Ratan Sarkhel as Dhananjay Mondal
* Gopal Talukder as Nanda Ghosh
* Bhaskar Banerjee as Nripati Laha
* [[Monu Mukherjee]] as Nandadulal Babu
* [[Indrasish Roy]] as Abhay Ghoshal
* [[Mrinal Mukherjee]] as Maharaj Ramendra Singh
* Arindol Bagchi as Haripada
* Biswajit Sarkar as Ramanath Neogi
* Parthasarathi Deb as Ashutosh Deb
* [[Koushik Kar]] as Prafulla Ray
* Debranjan Nag as Anukul Babu
* [[Dulal Lahiri]] as Korali Babu
* Fahim Mirza as Sukumar, Satyabati's elder brother
* Sourav Chatterjee as Fanibhushan
* [[Amrita Chattopadhyay]] as Deepa Bhatta
* Raja Goswami as Debasish Bhatta
* Tamal Roy Chowdhury as Deepa's Grandfather
* Joyjit Banerjee as Prabal Gupta
* Debdut Ghosh as Dr. Rudra
* Janardan Ghosh as Debkumar Mitra,a scientist
* Nandini Chatterjee as Subhra Mitra, Debkumar's wife
* Gambhira Bhattacharya as Habul
* Priyanka Bhattacharjee as Rekha
* [[Arun Bannerjee]] as Rameshwar Roy
* Soumya Sengupta as Dr. Asim Sen
* Raajhorshee Dey as Bishu Pal
* Soumyabrata Rakshit as Dr.Suresh Rakshit
* [[Debshankar Haldar]] as Santosh Samaddar
* Soumendra Bhattacharya as Uday Samaddar
* Sawon Chakraborty as Jugal Samaddar
* [[Krishnendu Dewanji]] as Ravi Verma
* [[Darshana Banik]] as Hena Mallick
* [[Rukma Roy]] as Sukumari
* Ujaan Chatterjee as Nengti
* Arunima Haldar as Chingri
* Indrajit Mazumder as Inspector Atul Krishna Ray aka A K Ray
* [[Ushasi Ray]] as Iman Devi
* [[Chandan Sen]] as Kaligoti Upadhyay

== Season 1 ==
Season 1 of the Byomkesh<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-29|title=Byomkesh review: A beautifully crafted series that stays true to the source material|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/byomkesh-review-hoichoi-anirban-bhattacharya-6238711/|access-date=2021-06-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> is based on four stories, 'Satyaneshi', 'Pather Kanta, 'Artham Anartham' and 'Makorshar Rosh' written by Bengali author Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. The season was released on 14 October 2017 with two episodes, this season was directed by Sayantan Ghoshal and the second series was released on 16 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/byomkesh-season-2-web-series-debuts-today-1111155-2017-12-16|title=Byomkesh Season 2 web series debuts today|date=16 December 2017|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/no-need-to-maintain-continuity-between-different-episodes-in-a-web-series-anirban-bhattacharya-1548901.html|title=No Need to Maintain Continuity Between Different Episodes in a Web Series: Anirban Bhattacharya|date=18 October 2017|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/releases-digital/hoichoi-presents-coolest-byomkesh-ever/2017/10/12|title=Hoichoi presents the coolest Byomkesh ever|first=Author: Editorial|last=Team|date=12 October 2017}}</ref>

=== Episodes ===

{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1

|Title = Satyanweshi Pother Kanta
|DirectedBy = [[Sayantan Ghosal]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|10|14}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Makorshar Rosh Arthamanartham
|DirectedBy = [[Sayantan Ghosal]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|10|14}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Season 2 ==
In Season 2, Byomkesh will solve the mystery of Satyakam's murder. This series is based on 'Raketr Dag' another best seller in the Byomkesh. The first episode of the Season 2 was launched on 16 December 2017, later on, two other episodes are also being released by hoichoi. First two episodes were directed by Soumik Chattopadhyay, and the third episode was directed by Sayantan Ghoshal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/byomkesh-season-2-web-series-debuts-on-bengali-digital-platform-4985732/|title=Web series Byomkesh Season 2 debuts on Hoichoi|date=16 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/byomkesh-season-2-will-stream-on-hoichoi-from-today/15928287.shtml|title=error page|website=www.merinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/hoichoi-originals-byomkesh-returns-with-season-2-to-start-streaming-globally-on-dec-16-onwards/states/news/1076796.html|title=Hoichoi Originals - "Byomkesh" returns with Season 2 to start streaming globally on Dec 16 onwards}}</ref>

=== Episodes ===

{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Rakter Daag Part 1
|DirectedBy = Soumik Chattopadhyay
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|12|25}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Rakter Daag Part 2
|DirectedBy = Soumik Chattopadhyay
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|12|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Raktamukhi Neela
|DirectedBy = [[Sayantan Ghosal]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|12|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Season 3 ==
Season 3 of the Byomkesh is based on the story Shajaru’r Kanta written by author Sharadindu Bandopadhyay. In this season Byomkesh investigates a series of murders that were committed by someone using a sharpened porcupine quill.

=== Episodes ===
{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Shajaru'r Kanta - Part 1
|DirectedBy = [[Sayantan Ghosal]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|04|14}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Shajaru'r Kanta - Part 2
|DirectedBy = [[Sayantan Ghosal]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|04|14}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Season 4 ==
Byomkesh season 4 is based on Bengali author Sharadindu Bandopadhyay's ‘Agnibaan’. The story starts with a young girl Rekha, Byomkesh's neighbor, who dies under some mysterious circumstances in her kitchen. Byomkesh takes charge of this investigation and from here the investigation of Byomkesh begun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apekshanews.com/hoichoi-to-launch-two-new-web-series-on-bengali-new-year|title=Hoichoi to launch two new web series on Bengali New Year|date=13 April 2019|website=apekshanews.com}}</ref>

=== Episodes ===

{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Agnibaan Part 1
|DirectedBy = Soumik Chattopadhyay
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2019|04|12}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Agnibaan Part 2
|DirectedBy = Soumik Chattopadhyay
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2019|04|12}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Season 5 ==
Byomkesh season 5 started streaming from 10 January 2020. The season is directed by Soumik Halder based on Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay's original story 'Dushtochakra' and 'Khnuji Khnuji Nari'. All the cast remains the same except this time Suprobhat Das plays the role of Ajit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/news/hoichoi-tv-byomkesh-bakshi-season-5-first-look-revealed/|title=Hoichoi TV's Byomkesh Bakshi Season 5 first look revealed!|first=Srivathsan|last=Nadadhur|date=25 November 2019|website=Binged}}</ref>

=== Episodes ===

{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Tetallisher Monnontor
|DirectedBy = Soumik Halder
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|01|10}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Khnuji Khnuji Nari
|DirectedBy = Soumik Halder
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|01|10}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Season 6 ==
Byomkesh season 6 started streaming from 8 January 2021. The season is directed by Soumik Halder based on Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay's original story 'Mogno Mainak'.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

=== Episodes ===

{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Hena-Monyota
|DirectedBy = Soumik Halder
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|01|08}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Rohoshyomoy Mouth Organ
|DirectedBy = Soumik Halder
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|01|08}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Deshbhager Khesharawd
|DirectedBy = Soumik Halder
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|01|08}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Season 7 ==
Byomkesh season 7 released on 4 November 2021 at Diwali eve.<ref>{{Citation|title=Byomkesh (ব্যোমকেশ) 7 {{!}} Announcement {{!}} Anirban Bhattacharya {{!}} This Diwali {{!}} hoichoi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPoFi_2MTVM|language=en|access-date=2021-10-16}}</ref> The season is directed by Soumik Halder based on Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay's original story 'Chorabali'.

=== Episodes ===

{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Chorabali
|DirectedBy = Soumik Halder
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|11|04}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Shobdobhed
|DirectedBy = Soumik Halder
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|11|04}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

==Season 8==
On 7 April 2023, Hoichoi released the eighth season of Byomkesh, titled ''Byomkesh O Pinjrapol''. It is based on ''Chiriyakhana''. This time, Bhattacharya became the creative director of the show. Pratik Dutta wrote the adapted screenplay and dialogues. It is directed by Sudipto Roy.

=== Episodes ===

{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Prothom Pawrbo
|DirectedBy = Sudipto Roy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|04|07}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Dwitiyo Pawrbo
|DirectedBy = Sudipto Roy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|04|07}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Tritriyo Pawrbo
|DirectedBy = Sudipto Roy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|04|07}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Choturtho Pawrbo
|DirectedBy = Sudipto Roy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|04|07}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt7605494}}
*{{Official website|https://www.hoichoi.tv/show/title/byomkesh-web-series}}

{{Byomkesh Bakshi}}

[[Category:Bengali-language web series]]
[[Category:Byomkesh Bakshi]]
[[Category:Hoichoi original programming]]
[[Category:Adaptations of works by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]]

Hareshwar Nath Mandir

2026-04-22T14:58:57Z

Amanshrbiz: details

{{Short description|Lord Shiva temple in Mithila}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name=Hareshwar Nath Mandir
|deity=[[Shiva]]
|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]
|tradition=Maithil Hinduism
|festivals=Mahashivratri, Sombari, Narak Niwaran Chaturdashi
|location=Dwalakh, Madhepur, [[Madhubani district|Madhubani]]
|district=[[Madhubani district|Madhubani]]
|state=[[Bihar]]
|country=[[India]]
|established=1858 AD - 1868 AD|founded_by=[[Darbhanga]] Maharaj Shree Lakshmeshwar Singh Bahadur
|governing_body=Department of Culture, Government of [[Bihar]]
|functional_status=Protected Monument of Bihar|image=|native_name=हरेश्वर नाथ महादेव मंदिर|caption=Hareshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir on the bank of Bhutahi-Balan river at Dwalakh village, Madhubani}}

'''Hareshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir''' is an ancient Hindu Lord [[Shiva]] temple in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of [[Bihar]] at Dwalakh village of [[Madhubani district]]. It is situated on the bank of Bhutahi-Balan river. It is an old [[Shiva]] temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=जय श्री राम के उद्घोष से वातावरण भक्तिमय |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-undefined-11130176.html |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2015 |first=Pranava |last=Kumar Chaudhary |title=The state culture department on Monday notified the famous Hareshwar Nath (Mahadeo) temple located at Dwalakh village in Madhepur block in Madhubani district as state protected monument. The deputy secretary in the culture department Arvind Thakur has issued notification to this effect. - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/the-state-culture-department-on-monday-notified-the-famous-hareshwar-nath-mahadeo-temple-located-at-dwalakh-village-in-madhepur-block-in-madhubani-district-as-state-protected-monument-the-deputy-secretary-in-the-culture-department-arvind-thakur-has-issued-notification-to-this-effect-/articleshow/46432517.cms |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=नरक निवारण चतुर्दशी पर मंदिरों में भीड़ |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-8799372.html |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi |archive-date=2022-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627184835/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-8799372.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=प्रतियोगिता आयोजित:पारसमणि स्थान रहुआ संग्राम में महाशिवरात्रि पर छात्रों के बीच प्रतियोगिता आयोजित हुई |work=Dainik Bhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/madhubani/news/a-competition-between-students-was-held-on-mahashivratri-at-rahua-sangram-parasmani-128313367.html}}</ref>

== History ==
It is believed that the temple was built by the [[Darbhanga]] Maharaj Shree Lakshmeshwar Singh Bahardur of [[Raj Darbhanga|Darbhanga Raj]] Kingdom. It was built between 1858 AD and 1869 AD under the supervision of the then Chief Executive Officer, Shree Jhuna Lal Shah of the Kingdom. The Kingdom donated 12 acres of farming land to the temple for the source of fund to run the different religious activities of the temple. On the east side of the temple, there is a big pond for bathing purpose of the pilgrims coming to the temple for worship.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-25 |title=बाबा हरनेश्वर नाथ महादेव (द्वालख) {{!}} पांच भव्य मंदिर - News Viral SK |url=https://newsviralsk.com/harneswar-nath-mahadev-dwalakh.html |access-date=2022-06-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627184839/https://newsviralsk.com/harneswar-nath-mahadev-dwalakh.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The temple was included in the list of archeological department as "Protected Heritage Monument of Bihar" in 2015 by the Government of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2018 |title=42 heritage monuments, sites in Bihar state-protected |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/42-heritage-monuments-sites-in-bihar-state-protected-1202278-2018-04-01 |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|26.12501|86.43208|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Madhubani district]]

Kadu Makrani

2026-04-21T18:15:51Z

Amanshrbiz: done

{{Short description|19th-century revolutionary in western India}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2016}}
{{lede too short|date=June 2024}}
}}
{{for|1960 Gujarati film|Kadu Makrani (film)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kadu Makrani
| image = Kadusketch.jpg
| caption = Imaginary sketch of Kadu Makrani
| birth_date = c. 1841
| birth_place = [[Makran (princely state)|Makran]], [[Balochistan]], [[Company rule in India|Company India]]
| death_date = 5 June 1887 (aged 45–46)
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sind Division]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_cause = [[Hanging|Execution by hanging]]
| resting_place_coordinates = [[Mewa Shah Graveyard|Mewah Shah Graveyard]] {{coord|24|53|08.6|N|67|00|39|E|display=inline,title}}
| occupation = [[Revolutionary]]}}

'''Qadir Baksh Rind Baloch''' (famously known as '''Kadu Makrani'''; c. 1841 — 5 June 1887) was a 19th-century [[British Raj|British]][[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|Indian revolutionary]] who operated mainly in [[Kathiawar|Kathiawar region]] of Gujarat but was born and raised in [[Makran (princely state)|Makran]]. He is famously known for opposing and resisting British rule and [[Indian feudalism|rule by the upper class]] of Gujarat in favor of the rights of the [[Working poor|poor lower class]].

== Biography ==
===Conflict with the British===
Kadu Makrani migrated with [[Rind (tribe)|his tribe]] from his birthplace [[Makran]] to [[Vadal, Gujarat|Vadal]] near [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]] in [[Gujarat]]. during the mid-19th century. Makrani and his tribe fought for territories and resources, receiving [[tribute]] from the [[Monarch|rulers]] of [[List of princely states of British India (by region)#Kathiawar Agency|Kathiawar princely states]] in return. This troubled the [[British Raj|British colonial authorities]], who sought to disarm his tribe; a justification was given when Makrani and his tribe rejected colonial government social workers entering their homes on the pretence of [[Civil registration|registration]] and [[Census in British India|census]] in 1881. Given the option of [[armistice]] or dissension, the tribe rebelled. Makrani's [[private army|small army]], with [[Militia|civilian support]], engaged in conflict with the [[Bombay Army|colonial military]] and made them suffer many [[Casualty (person)|casualties]]. The colonial military ultimately failed to capture Makrani's army, so they announced a [[Bounty (reward)|bounty]] of Rs 1,000/- and a 20-acre (81,000 m2) land reward for his capture.

===Return home===
[[File:KaduStone.JPG|thumb|The stone dropped on Makrani, preserved next to his grave.]]

In April 1887, Makrani's companions suggested returning to Makran to avoid arrest by police in Kathiawar. Accepting the advice, Kadu Makrani along with the rest of his tribe moved to [[Ahmedabad]] and then [[Sind Division|Sindh]]. A camel-herder agreed to transport him to Makran, but he actually planned to betray him and then kill him in return for the bounty reward; However, when he attacked Makrani, he was overwhelmed by Makrani's superior [[Swordsmanship|sword fighting skills]] and Makrani eventually slew him and fled. Makrani was later captured unconscious after being hit and then knocked out by a falling stone due to a [[landslide]] in the [[Kirthar Mountains]] on 20 April. After a [[Show trial|short trial]], he was [[Capital punishment|sentenced to death]].

==Death==
[[File:KaduFinal.JPG|thumb|Final resting place of Kadu Makrani]]
Makrani was executed at [[Karachi Central Jail]] on 5 June 1887. He was buried at Mewah Shah Graveyard.<ref>[https://baluchsarmachar.wordpress.com/2009/09/11/kadu-makrani-a-national-hero/comment-page-1/ Kadu Makrani A National Hero]</ref>

==In popular culture==
The 1960 [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] film ''[[Kadu Makrani (film)|Kadu Makrani]]'' directed by [[Manhar Raskapur]] starred [[Arvind Pandya]] in the lead role of Makrani.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Harish |date=2006-01-01 |title=કાદુ મકરાણી |url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%81-%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%80/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]] |language=gu}}</ref> The film was remade in 1973 in Gujarati by Manu Desai. In 1966, Pakistani film ''Jaag Utha Insan'' was produced based on his life.

==References==
{{Wikisource|:gu:સોરઠી બહારવટીયા - ભાગ ત્રીજો/કાદુ મકરાણી|Kadu Makarani}}
{{Commons category|Kadu Makrani}}
{{Reflist|35em}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Makrani, Kadu}}
[[Category:1811 births]]
[[Category:1887 deaths]]
[[Category:Baloch people]]
[[Category:Executed Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:19th-century executions by British India]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]
[[Category:People from Lyari Town]]
[[Category:Burials at Mewa Shah Graveyard]]

{{India-activist-stub}}

Gandhi Medical College and Hospital

2026-04-16T14:02:33Z

Amanshrbiz: Started new stub initial version.

{{Short description|Medical college in Hyderabad, India}}
{{For|the medical college in Madhya Pradesh|Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Gandhi Medical College and Hospital
| native_name =
| image_name = Gandhimedicalcollege.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto = ''Thamasoma jyothirgamaya''
| established = {{start date and age|1954}}
| type = Public medical college
| endowment =
| staff =
| president =
| provost =
| founder =
| rector =
| chancellor =
| vice_chancellor =
| principal = Dr. K. Indira
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| faculty =
| city = [[Secunderabad]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus =
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| colours =
| mascot =
| nickname =
| affiliations = [[Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences]], [[National Medical Commission|NMC]]
| footnotes =
| website = {{url|http://gmcsecunderabad.org/}}
| address =
| coor =
| logo =
}}

'''Gandhi Medical College and Hospital''' ('''GMC''') is a [[public university|public]] [[medical school|medical college]] in [[Secunderabad]], [[India]]. It is affiliated with [[Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Colleges Offering B.sc MLT Courses Under Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana State For the Academic Year 2016-17|url=http://knruhs.in/public_org/assets/documents/208_BSCMLTseats.pdf|publisher=[[Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences]]|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> The college was originally affiliated to [[NTR University of Health Sciences]].

== History ==

===Gandhi Hospital===
[[File:OldGandhiHospitalBuildingSecunderabad.jpg|thumb|left|The old Gandhi Hospital building near [[Secunderabad railway station]]]]
Gandhi hospital which was earlier known as King Edward Memorial Hospital was established in 1851 as in infirmary with three wards for the benefit of British residents in Secunderabad. It was converted to a cantonment level hospital with 95 beds in 1900 and was established as a proper Hospital as King Edward Memorial Hospital in 1913. The hospital located adjacent to [[Secunderabad Junction railway station|Secunderabad railway station]] and [[Monda Market|Monda market]] was renamed as Gandhi Hospital in 1958. Also in 1958, the hospital was declared as a teaching hospital for Gandhi Medical college which had been just shifted to [[Basheerbagh]] from Humayun Nagar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dme.telangana.gov.in/open_record.php?ID=54|publisher=DME, Telangana|title=Gandhi Medical College|date=|access-date=2024-12-28}}</ref> In 2003 the hospital was shifted to its new venue at [[Musheerabad]] after the [[Musheerabad Jail|jail]] which had earlier occupied the area was demolished. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140914/nation-current-affairs/article/celebrations-gandhi-medical-college-turns-60 |title=Celebrations as Gandhi Medical College turns 60|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=2014-09-14|access-date=2024-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gandhi Hospital begins a new era|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/15/stories/2004061513980300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040618125350/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/15/stories/2004061513980300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 June 2004|accessdate=2024-08-08|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 June 2004}}</ref>

===Gandhi Medical College===
{{refimprovesection|date=August 2021}}
Gandhi Medical College, originally named People's Medical College, was founded on 14 September 1954. It was located at [[Humayun nagar]] close to the present-day [[Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital]]. It was opened because the original medical college in the area, [[Osmania Medical College]], was unable to keep up with the demands for physicians in the State. Dr. Syed Nizamuddin Ahmed was the first [[Principal (academia)|principal]] and the founder of the college.

Named after [[Mahatma Gandhi]], it was inaugurated on 25 June 1955 by the first president of India, [[Rajendra Prasad]].

By 1956, the college was in financial trouble, and the government of Hyderabad agreed to take it over and develop it.

In 1958, the college was moved to [[Basheerbagh]]. The old building has since been demolished. In 2003, the college moved to its new premises in [[Musheerabad]]. The new facility, along with a hospital, was constructed on the area that formerly housed the [[Musheerabad Jail]].<ref name="prison_hospital">{{cite news|title=Gandhi Hospital begins a new era|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/15/stories/2004061513980300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040618125350/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/15/stories/2004061513980300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 June 2004|access-date=22 September 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 June 2004}}</ref><ref name="college_hospital">{{cite news|last=V|first=Geetanath|title=No official sanction for new Gandhi Hospital complex?|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/09/stories/2003110910910300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040101080656/http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/09/stories/2003110910910300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 January 2004|access-date=22 September 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 November 2003}}</ref>

Initially the teaching hospital for the college was an infirmary that opened in 1851 with funds from philanthropists, and was named KEM Hospital in honor of [[King Edward VII]]. The hospital was renamed Gandhi Hospital in 1958. At that time nearly all the heads of units were British trained.

From 1954 to 2003, a total of 6090 students were admitted to the MBBS course. The number of students admitted ranged between a minimum of 42 in 1954 to a maximum of 224 in 1968. In 1970, there were no admissions.

In the late 1950s and 1960s, the college and hospital were consolidated.

In the 1970s there was a growth in so-called "super specialties" such as cardiology, cardio-thoracic surgery, neurology and neurosurgery.

== Academics ==
Courses offered by the institute include:
*[[Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery]] (MBBS)
*Bachelors in [[Physical Therapy]] (BPT)
*[[Doctor of Medicine]]/[[Master of Surgery]] (MD/MS)
*Doctor of Medicine/MCh
*[[Bachelor of Science]] (BSc) courses in nursing, paramedical and medical specialities

250 students per year are admitted to study for MBBS degrees. There are also 241 postgraduate students admitted per year, including those in clinical, non-clinical and super specialty subjects. Students can earn one of 37 degrees in various branches of medicine. Since 2013 the number of undergraduate seats has been increased from 150 to 200.

Departments of the college include anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, forensic medicine, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology and community medicine.<ref>[http://www.gandhimedicalcollege.ncgg.in/departments.php Gandhi Medical College & Hospital: Departments]{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The college plays host to several academic and cultural events throughout the year, such as medical conferences, workshops and quizzes. Some of these include Gandhi Orthopaedic Education (GOE) and AEGIS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://festpav.com/fest/view/14711/AEGIS_2018-Gandhi_Medical_College_|title=AEGIS 2018-Gandhi Medical College|website=festpav.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Saurav Biswas|date=2016-08-28|title=AEGIS Medical Trivia Quiz 2016 Prelims|url=https://www.slideshare.net/SauravBiswas11/aegis-medical-quiz-2016}}</ref>

The final-year students of the college also publish an annual college magazine, which is a collection of articles, photographs, artwork and other content created by the professors and students of the college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XUREHFe7hiNfbEI-nHtyLSIVR1ukocvl/view?usp=drive_open&usp=embed_facebook|title=Gandhi Medical College Hyderabad 2016 Magazine.pdf|website=Google Docs|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

==Hospital departments==

The GMH is a 1,200-bed facility and each year performs about 80,000 outpatient consultations, 42,000 inpatient admissions, 15,000 minor operations, and 11,000 major operations.<ref name=turns60>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140914/nation-current-affairs/article/celebrations-gandhi-medical-college-turns-60 Celebrations as Gandhi Medical College turns 60] ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'', Sep 14, 2014</ref>

The hospital is divided into 27 departments:

{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
*[[General Medicine]]
*[[General Surgery]]
*[[Pediatrics]]
*[[Orthopedics]]
*[[Anesthesia]]
*[[Dermatology]]
*[[Leprosy]]
*[[Sexually Transmitted Disease]]
*[[Ophthalmology]]
*[[E.N.T. | E.N.T. & Head and Neck Surgery]]
*[[Radiology | Radiodiagnosis]]
*[[Emergency department | Casualty]]
*[[Blood Bank]]
*[[Cardiology]]
*[[Neurology]]
*[[Nephrology]]
*[[Gastroenterology]]
*[[Endocrinology]]
*[[Cardiothoracic surgery]]
*[[Neurosurgery]]
*[[Pediatric Surgery]]
*[[Plastic Surgery]]
*[[Urology]]
*[[Tuberculosis management | TB Clinic]]
*[[Dentistry | Dental]]
*[[OB/GYN]]
*[[Psychiatry]]
*[[Hospital Administration]]
{{Div col end}}

==Principals==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*Dr. Syed Nizamuddin Ahmed (founder and first principal): 01/05/1954 - 01/07/1956
*Dr. Bankat Chandra: 02/07/1956 - 03/05/1957
*Dr. [[D. V. Subba Reddy]]: 04/05/1957 - 29/01/1959
*Dr. G.C.S. Naidu: 30/01/1959 - 21/12/1959
*Dr. Mohammad Yousufuddin Ansari: 22/12/1959 - 28/03/1963
*Dr. B.S. Surt: 28/03/1963 - 15/06/1967
*Dr. G.P. Ramayya: 29/08/1967 - 28/05/1968
*Dr. G. Narshing Rao: 1970 - 1974
*Dr. S. Ramchander Rao: 1976 - 1976
*Dr. Kameshwari Devi: 1977 - 1977
*Dr. Y. Jaya: 1974 - 1978
*Dr. Sanku. Ramchander Rao: 1976 - 1976
*Dr. U. Brahmaji Rao: 01/03/1983 - 24/05/1983
*Dr. C. Shyamala Bhaskaran: 24/05/1983 - 30/10/1990
*Dr. Lily N. Ebenezer: 31/10/1990 - 08/08/1991
*Dr. G. Shyam Sunder: 07/08/1991 - 03/09/1993
*Dr. V.V. Satyanarayana: 31/03/1994 - 06/05/1994
*Dr. B.C. Mathur: 05/09/1994 - 31/07/1995
*Dr. T.E. Kasturi: 01/08/1995 - 30/09/1996
*Dr. K. Shantha Kumari : 01/01/1997 - 31/05/1998
*Dr. K. Gopal Singh: 29/06/1998 - 03/09/1998
*Dr. Farhatunnisa: 04/09/1998 - 31/01/1999
*Dr. P. Vijaya Lakshmi: 31/03/1999 - 30/09/1999
*Dr. P. Shyam Sunder: 02/04/2000 - 30/07/2000
*Dr. Neena Devi: 01/08/2000 - 31/01/2001
*Dr. K. Prameela Devi: 04/03/2001 - 31/08/2001
*Dr. T.S.S. Lakshmi: 04/09/2001 - 16/11/2001
*Dr. Meenakshi: 16/11/2001 - 31/12/2002
*Dr. C.A. Aruna: 01/10/2003 - 23/11/2003
*Dr. K.V. Raghava Rao: 28/11/2003 - 30/04/2004
*Dr. Kishore Roy
*Dr. Sikander Hayath
*Dr. Sudha Ramana
*Dr. A.Y.Chary
*Dr. Aravind Kumar
*Dr. Pradeep Deshpande
*Dr. Sidirala Narasimha Rao
*Dr. K.Venkatesh
*Dr. Badeti Srinivasa Rao
*Dr. Ashok Kumar
*Dr. Sreelatha
*Dr. B. S. V. Manjula
*Dr. O. Shravan Kumar
*Dr.Ramesh Reddy
*Dr. Indira (current)
{{Div col end}}

==Gandhi Medical College Global Alliance==

In 2005 alumni of GMC living in the United States founded the non-profit corporation Gandhi Medical College Global Alliance (GMCGA).<ref>[http://www.gandhimedicalglobalalumni.org/ GMCGA official website]</ref> This organization's goals are both educational and charitable, with a strong emphasis on fostering kinship among alumni living in other countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhi Medical College & Hospital: Volunteer Services |url=http://www.gandhimedicalcollege.ncgg.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612225150/https://www.gandhimedicalcollege.ncgg.in/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

The accomplishments of GMCGA (sometimes in collaboration with the GMC Alumni Association back in [[Hyderabad]]) include construction of an alumni education center, providing study facilities, establishing an [[American Heart Association]] accredited cardiac life support training center,<ref>[http://www.emergencymedicine.in/current/articles.php?article_id=16 AHA International Training Centers in India for BLS, ACLS & PALS courses] Training sites under Apollo Health City, Hyderabad</ref> setting up electronic library services, donating needed equipment, youth volunteer programs, a free meal program for patient attendants in a shelter associated with Gandhi Hospital, support of the palliative care program in collaboration with Roshni organization,<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/take-the-battle-to-the-disease-at-home/article4410522.ece "Take the battle to the disease, at home"] ''[[The Hindu]]'', Hyderabad, February 13, 2013</ref> and assisting both medical students and faculty by providing student scholarships, gold medals, and teacher recognition awards.<ref name=newsletter>[http://gandhimedicalglobalalumni.org/Newsletter_2016%20Vol1%20Issue%201.pdf Official Newsletter of Gandhi Medical College Global Alliance] 2016, Vol 1, Issue 1</ref>

==Alumni==
* [[Sailakshmi Balijepally]] - Surgeon and charity founder<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandrasekaran|first=N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffeDAwAAQBAJ&q=dr+sai+lakshmi+balijepalli&pg=PA153|title=Incredible Champions|date=April 2014|publisher=PartridgeIndia|isbn=978-1-4828-2213-7|pages=153–160|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.gandhimedicalcollege.ncgg.in/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612225150/https://www.gandhimedicalcollege.ncgg.in/ |date=12 June 2018 }}

{{Coord|17|25|28.46|N|78|30|15.82|E|region:IN|display=title}}

{{Hyderabad topics}}
{{Universities in Telangana |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in Telangana]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Heritage structures in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1954]]
[[Category:Indian organisations established in 1954]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Secunderabad]]

Kurti Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:49:59Z

Amanshrbiz: new

{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kurti
| type= SLA
| state = [[Tripura]]
| established = 1977
| abolished = 2008
| electors = 32,164
| mla = Faizur Rahaman
| party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Kurti Assembly constituency''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=7 | Faizur Rahaman || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7}}
|-
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
|-
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kurti<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Faizur Rahaman |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=14,337 |percentage=49.79% |change={{decrease}}0.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Matin Chowdhury |party=Independent politician |votes=11,109 |percentage=38.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nurul Haque |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,796 |percentage=6.24% |change={{decrease}}40.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Abdul Rob |party=Independent politician |votes=544 |percentage=1.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sankar Kodal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=527 |percentage=1.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nikhil Roy |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation) |votes=318 |percentage=1.10% |change={{increase}}0.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Farman Ali |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=164 |percentage=0.57% |change={{decrease}}0.36 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,228 |percentage=11.21% |change= {{increase}}7.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,795 |percentage=89.58% |change= {{increase}}8.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,164 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.51 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}0.62 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kurti<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2003 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165918/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Faizur Rahaman |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=12,495 |percentage=50.41% |change={{increase}}6.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Matin Chowdhury |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,484 |percentage=46.33% |change={{increase}}2.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rup |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=406 |percentage=1.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Murtaza Uddin Chowdhury |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=231 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arabinda Teli |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation) |votes=171 |percentage=0.69% |change={{increase}}0.13 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,011 |percentage=4.08% |change= {{increase}}3.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,787 |percentage=81.37% |change= {{increase}}1.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,483 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.51 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}6.22 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kurti<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Faizur Rahaman |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=9,498 |percentage=44.19% |change={{decrease}}8.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Matin Chowdhury |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,319 |percentage=43.35% |change={{increase}}18.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nikhil Chandra Das |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,558 |percentage=11.90% |change={{decrease}}6.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Himani Nath |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation) |votes=120 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=179 |percentage=0.83% |change= {{decrease}}26.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,495 |percentage=81.59% |change= {{increase}}4.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,854 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}8.70 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kurti<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006065326/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Faizur Rahaman |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=10,352 |percentage=52.89% |change={{increase}}2.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rokib |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,929 |percentage=25.18% |change={{decrease}}20.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nikihil Das |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,586 |percentage=18.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Man Kumar Singha |party=Indian People's Front |votes=387 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rafique |party=Independent politician |votes=139 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,423 |percentage=27.71% |change= {{increase}}22.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,573 |percentage=76.31% |change= {{decrease}}7.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,020 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}2.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kurti<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006100546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Faizur Rahaman |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,405 |percentage=50.38% |change={{decrease}}7.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Matin Chowdhury |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,576 |percentage=45.41% |change={{increase}}9.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Man Kumar Singha |party=Independent politician |votes=524 |percentage=3.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhirendra Kumar Dey |party=Independent politician |votes=178 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=829 |percentage=4.97% |change= {{decrease}}17.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,683 |percentage=84.43% |change= {{increase}}4.93 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,080 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.17 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}7.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kurti<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006044341/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Faizur Rahaman |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=7,738 |percentage=57.78% |change={{increase}}9.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Razak Bisharad |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,794 |percentage=35.79% |change={{increase}}27.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Wazid |party=Independent politician |votes=641 |percentage=4.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ardhendu Nag |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=179 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,944 |percentage=21.98% |change= {{decrease}}15.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,393 |percentage=79.50% |change= {{increase}}3.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,137 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}9.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kurti<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Faizur Rahaman |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=5,500 |percentage=48.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopendra Kumar Das |party=Janata Party |votes=1,233 |percentage=10.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lonath Tantubay |party=Independent politician |votes=1,169 |percentage=10.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramtanu Bhattacharjee |party=Independent politician |votes=1,155 |percentage=10.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rahim |party=Indian National Congress |votes=943 |percentage=8.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Charitra Mohan Sarkar |party=Independent politician |votes=834 |percentage=7.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Benoy Bhushan Banerjee |party=Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee |votes=284 |percentage=2.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sashi Kumar Singha |party=Independent politician |votes=273 |percentage=2.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,267 |percentage=37.46% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,391 |percentage=76.51% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,214 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}

{{coord missing|Tripura}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{Tripura-geo-stub}}

Baradol Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:19:59Z

Amanshrbiz: started a details and citations - done

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Baradol
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Mysore State]]
| district = [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]]
| division = [[Belagavi division|Belagavi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency|Bijapur]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1962
| reservation = SC
| abolished = 1967
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| electors =
}}
'''Baradol Assembly constituency''' was one of the seats in [[Mysore state assembly]] in India until 1967 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-21 |title=Delimitation, 1967 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3944-delimitation-orders-1967/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Jatteppa Laxman Kabadi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Baradol <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jatteppa Laxman Kabadi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,792 |percentage = 65.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivappa Dhareppa Kamble |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,623 |percentage = 17.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivayogi Bhimanna Talakeri |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 2,113 |percentage = 14.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bislappa Vithoba Harijan |party = Independent politician |votes = 397 |percentage = 2.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,169 |percentage = 48.03% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 15,976 |percentage = 33.13% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 14,925}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,229 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Mysore Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{Coord|17.278324|75.726845|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bijapur district, Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

Raigarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:13:22Z

Amanshrbiz: adding initial details added tags

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Raigarh
| mla = [[O. P. Choudhary]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Raigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigarh]]
| established = 1961
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:257432}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 16
| map_image= Raigarh Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Raigarh''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in| access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref> It is in [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]] district. The seat used to be part of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] when Chhattisgarh was part of MP.

== Members of Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Niranjan Lal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|R. K. L. Agarwal
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|rowspan=2|Ram Kumar Agrawal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|rowspan=5|Krishna Kumar
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| Vijay Agrawal
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| S. Nayak
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| Roshan Lal
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Prakash Naik]]<ref name=election2018/>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="Chhattisgarh Election Result 2023: Full list of winners from BJP and Congress">{{cite news |last1=mint |date=3 December 2023 |title=Chhattisgarh Election Result 2023: Full list of winners from BJP and Congress |language=en |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-result-2023-full-winners-list-bjp-congress-bhupesh-baghel-live-updates-11701451241747.html |accessdate=10 December 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210105307/https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-result-2023-full-winners-list-bjp-congress-bhupesh-baghel-live-updates-11701451241747.html |archivedate=10 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Result 2023: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=3 December 2023 |title=Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Result 2023: Full list of winners |language=en |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-result-2023-full-list-of-winners-2471258-2023-12-03 |accessdate=10 December 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210105315/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-result-2023-full-list-of-winners-2471258-2023-12-03 |archivedate=10 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[O. P. Choudhary]]<ref name=election2018/>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2023===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Raigarh<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh/constituency-show/raigarh | title=Raigarh Constituency Election Results 2023: Raigarh Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[O. P. Choudhary]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,29,134
|percentage = 63.21
|change = +34.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Prakash Naik|Prakash Shakrajeet Naik]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 64,691
|percentage = 31.66
|change = -4.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 758
|percentage = 0.37
|change = -0.79
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 64,443
|percentage = 31.55
|change = +23.94
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,04,308
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party | |loser = Indian National Congress|swing =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2018===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Raigarh<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=State Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= 29 March 2019|accessdate= 1 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="elections2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/chhattisgarh/assembly-constituencies/2018-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Results in 2018|accessdate=2020-06-26}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Prakash Naik|Prakash Shakrajeet Naik]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 69,062
|percentage = 36.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Roshanlal Agarwal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 54,482
|percentage = 28.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vijay Agrawal
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 42,914
|percentage = 22.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ravishankar Patel
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 7,823
|percentage = 4.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|candidate = Vibhas Singh Thakur
|votes = 5,823
|percentage = 3.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Tribal Party
|candidate = Birsingh Nagesh
|votes = 2,114
|percentage = 1.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Mukund Gupta
|votes = 1,918
|percentage = 1.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,215
|percentage = 1.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 14,580
|percentage = 7.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,91,533
|percentage = 77.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing =}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Raigarh District]]
* [[List of constituencies of Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist|1}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.89|83.4|display=title}}

[[Category:Raigarh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1961]]

Phalodi Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:32:09Z

Amanshrbiz: adding basic article from scratch!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Rajasthan legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Phalodi
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-122-Phalodi.svg
| mla = [[Pabba Ram Bishnoi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| established = 1951
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Jodhpur district]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 122
}}

'''Phalodi Assembly constituency''' is one of [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha|constituencies]] of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1951 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<ref name="election1951">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_Raj.pdf 1951 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Himmat Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name="election1957">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf 1957 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Suraj Mal || {{Full party name with color|Ram Rajya Parishad|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Khet Singh
|-
|[[1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref name="election1962">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf 1962 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Lala Ram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref name="election1967">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf 1967 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Deep Chand Chhangani || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref name="election1972">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf 1972 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Mohan Lal Chhangani ||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name="election1977">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Rajasthan.pdf 1977 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Balkrishan ||{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<ref name="election1980">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Rajasthan.pdf 1980 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Poonam Chand Bisnhoi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<ref name="election1985">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%201985%20Rajasthan.pdf 1985 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Mohan Lal Chhangani || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<ref name="election1990">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_RJ_90.pdf 1990 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> ||rowspan=2 |Poonam Chand Bisnhoi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<ref name="election1993">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_RJ_93.pdf 1993 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name="election1998">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-RAJ98.pdf 1998 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> ||rowspan=2 |[[Ram Narayan Bishnoi]] ||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election2003">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/Stats_report_RJ2008.pdf 2008 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Om Joshi|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/RajAE_2013_stat_report.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2013 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF RAJASTHAN]</ref> || rowspan=3 |[[Pabba Ram Bishnoi]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Phalodi<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan General Legislative Election 2023|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/rajasthan-legislative-election-2023-including-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pabba Ram Bishnoi
|votes = {{formatnum:80243}}
|percentage = 44.95
|change = +10.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Prakash Chandra Chhangani
|votes = {{formatnum:69459}}
|percentage = 38.91
|change = +9.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nirnjan Mehra
|votes = {{formatnum:12549}}
|percentage = 7.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Abdul Mehboob Urf Pappu Khiljee
|votes = {{formatnum:8666}}
|percentage = 4.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1860}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change = -0.44
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:10784}}
|percentage = 6.04
|change = +1.05
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:178528}}
|percentage = 69.33
|change = -7.04
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Phalodi<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pabba Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:60735}}
|percentage = 34.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Mahesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:51998}}
|percentage = 29.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kumbh Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:48306}}
|percentage = 27.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Kishana Ram Urf Kishan Meghwal
|votes = {{formatnum:4318}}
|percentage = 2.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Ramesh Chand Sahu
|votes = {{formatnum:2037}}
|percentage = 1.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kamla
|votes = {{formatnum:1978}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Gopal Urf Gopalram
|votes = {{formatnum:1906}}
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2598}}
|percentage = 1.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:8737}}
|percentage = 4.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:175056}}
|percentage = 76.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bhartiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
http://164.100.153.26/result2018/Rpt_Result_ConstituencyWise_Detail.aspx?cid=122&rURL=1

==See also==
*[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}
{{coord|27.13|72.36|display=title}}

[[Category:Jodhpur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Tamralipta Express

2026-04-11T23:37:31Z

Amanshrbiz:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Tamralipta Express
| image = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast trains in India|Superfast]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2009|06|14}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Howrah}} (HWH)
| stops = 6
| end = {{stnlnk|Digha}} (DGHA)
| distance = {{convert|185|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 3 hours 20 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = General Unreserved, Chair Car, AC Chair Car
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack = Overhead racks
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 12857 / 12858
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The 12857 / 12858 '''Tamralipta Express''' is a [[Superfast trains in India|superfast express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] [[South Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Howrah Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Digha}} in India.

It operates as train number 12857 from Howrah Junction to Digha and as train number 12858 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,423&dcd=813&did=14278071109526D976E9F49E1EC6A40D7EF738AD5C5FE.web103 | title=SER to regulate train services for commissioning of electronic interlocking system at Tikiapara | publisher=South Eastern Railway | date=31 March 2015 | accessdate=29 January 2019 }}</ref>

==Background==
This train is given on the name of [[Tamralipta]] which it was the name of a city in ancient India, located on the Bay of Bengal. The [[Tamluk]] town district headquarters of [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]] district, West Bengal in present-day is identified as the site of Tamralipti or [[Tamralipta]].

==Coaches==
The 12857 / 58 Tamralipta Express has 1 AC chair car, 6 Chair car, seven general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches. It carries a [[pantry car]].

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==
The 12857 Howrah Junction–Digha Tamralipta Express covers the distance of {{convert|185|km|0|abbr=on}} in 3 hours 20 mins (56 km/h) and in 3 hours 25 mins as the 12858 Digha–Howrah Junction Tamralipta Express (54 km/h).

As the average speed of the train is equal to {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per railway rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

==Routing==
The 12857 / 58 Tamralipta Express runs from Howrah Junction via {{stnlnk|Santragachi Junction}}, [[Mecheda railway station|Mecheda]],[[Tamluk Junction railway station|Tamluk Junction]], [[Kanthi]], [[Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur|Ramnagar]] to Digha.

==Schedule==
=== 12857 ===

Runs daily

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Station code !! Station name !! Time !! Distance !! Day
|-
| HWH || [[Howrah Junction|Howrah]] || 6:35 AM || 0 (source) || Day 1
|-
| SRC || {{stnlnk|Santragachi Junction}} || 6:53 AM || 8 || Day 1
|-
| ULB || {{stnlnk|Uluberia}} || 7:17 AM || 33 || Day 1
|-
| MCA || [[Mecheda|Mecheda railway station]] || 7:38 AM || 59 || Day 1
|-
| TMZ || [[Tamluk Junction railway station]]|| 8:16 AM || 92 || Day 1
|-
| KATI || [[Contai|Kanthi railway Station]] || 9:18 AM || 153 || Day 1
|-
| RMRB || [[Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur|Ramnagar Bengal railway station]] || 9:44 AM || 178 || Day 1
|-
| DGHA || {{stnlnk|Digha}} || 9:57 AM || 186 (destination) || Day 1
|}

=== 12858 ===

Runs daily

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Station code !! Station name !! Time !! Distance !! Day
|-
| DGHA || {{stnlnk|Digha}} || 10:25 AM || 0 (source) || Day 1
|-
| RMRB || [[Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur|Ramnagar Bengal railway station]] || 10:33 AM || 9 || Day 1
|-
| KATI || [[Contai|Kanthi railway Station]] || 10:58 AM || 33 || Day 1
|-
| TMZ || [[Tamluk Junction railway station]]|| 11:58 AM || 94 || Day 1
|-
| MCA || [[Mecheda|Mecheda railway station]] || 12:33 PM || 127 || Day 1
|-
| ULB || {{stnlnk|Uluberia}} || 12:55 PM || 154 || Day 1
|-
| SRC || {{stnlnk|Santragachi Junction}} || 1:17 PM || 178 || Day 1
|-
| HWH || [[Howrah Junction|Howrah]] || 1:50 PM || 186 (destination) || Day 1
|}

==RSA==

22897 / 98 [[Kandari Express]]

==Traction==
As the route is electrified, a [[Santragachi railway station|Santragachi Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive pulls the train to its destination.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/tamralipta-express-12857/6890/1/1728 12857 Tamralipta Express] at India Rail Info
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/tamralipta-express-12858/6891/1728/1 12858 Tamralipta Express] at India Rail Info

{{Railways in Eastern India}}

[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Howrah]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Transport in Digha]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2009]]

Ritu Maheshwari

2026-04-11T22:09:30Z

Amanshrbiz: adding the pg w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Indian Administrative Service officer}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ritu Maheshwari
| image = IAS Ritu Maheshwari Official Portrait.jpg
| caption = '''Ritu Maheshwari'''
| alt = Photo of IAS Ritu Maheshwari
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|7|14}}
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India]]
| occupation = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]], [[Civil servant]]
| education = {{ubl|[[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] (Executive Development)|[[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech]] (Electrical Engineering)}}
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Punjab Engineering College]]|[[Amity University, Noida]]}}
| spouse = Mayur Maheshwar
| father = C.D. Singla
| mother = Saroj Singla
| office = [[Secretary]] of Secretary Medical health and family welfare [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = February 2025
| predecessor = 
| office1 = [[Divisional Commissioner]] of [[Agra Division]]
| term_start1 = July 2023
| term_end1 = August 2025
| predecessor1 = Amit Gupta
| successor1 = 
| office2 = [[Chief Executive Officer]] of [[Noida|Noida Authority]]
| term_start2 = 2019
| term_end2 = July 2023
| successor2 = Lokesh M
}}
'''Ritu Maheshwari''' is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer serving as the [[Secretary]] of secretary medical health and family welfare for the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] since August 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Agra Divisional Commissioner Ritu Maheshwari transferred, DM Mathura Shailendra Singh will be the new Commissioner |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/agra/news/agra-divisional-commissioner-ritu-maheshwari-transferred-dm-mathura-shailendra-singh-will-be-the-new-commissioner-134308067.html |publisher=Dainik Bhaskar |date=20 August 2025 |language=hi |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref> She previously served as the [[Divisional Commissioner]] of [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref name="dap">{{cite web |url=https://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/ias-posting-detail.htm?436 |title=IAS Posting Detail |access-date=29 May 2024 |publisher=[[Department of Appointment and Personnel]] |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815102714/http://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/ias-posting-detail.htm?436 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/maheshwaris-4-year-stint-as-noida-ceo-ends-shifted-to-agra/articleshow/101971703.cms |title=Maheshwari's 4-year stint as Noida CEO ends, shifted to Agra |date=20 July 2023 |author=TNN |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref> and as the [[chief executive officer]] of the [[Noida|New Okhla Industrial Development Authority]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ritu Maheshwari out of Noida Industrial Development Authority; Lokesh M made new CEO |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/ritu-maheshwari-out-of-noida-industrial-development-authority-lokesh-m-made-new-ceo/101973827 |website=ETGovernment (The Economic Times) |publisher=Times Internet Ltd. |date=20 July 2023 |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ritu Maheshwari appointed as CEO of Noida Authority |url=https://egov.eletsonline.com/2019/07/ritu-maheshwari-appointed-as-ceo-of-noida-authority/ |website=Elets eGov |publisher=Elets Technomedia Pvt Ltd |date=15 July 2019 |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref> She has also been the [[managing director]] of [[Noida Metro|Noida Metro Rail Corporation]].<ref name="news18">{{cite news |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/career/success-story-of-ias-ritu-maheshwari-news-noida-dm-name-female-ias-officer-5413421.html |title=Success story of IAS Ritu Maheshwari |language=hi |date=12 February 2023 |author=Deepali Porwal |publisher=[[CNN-News18]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>

==Early life==

Ritu Maheshwari was born on 14 July 1978 in [[Punjab, India]],<ref name="dap" /><ref name="n18">{{cite news |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/career/success-story-of-ias-ritu-maheshwari-news-noida-dm-name-female-ias-officer-5413421-page-2.html |title=Success Story: बीटेक पास महिला DM की कहानी, बिजनेस और इंजीनियरिंग भी नहीं रोक पाई राह, पति भी IAS |language=hi |author=Deepali Porwal |date=22 February 2023 |access-date=31 May 2024 |publisher=[[CNN-News18]]}}</ref> to a [[Hindu]] family of C.D. Singla and Saroj Singla. She married Mayur Maheshwari,<ref name="n18" /><ref name="news18" /> an IAS officer of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] cadre.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/ritu-maheshwari-removed-from-noida-authority-kanpur-commissioner-lokesh-m-appointed-as-new-ceo-2456252 |title=Ritu Maheshwari removed from Noida Authority Kanpur Commissioner Lokesh M appointed as new CEO |author=ABP Live |date=19 July 2023 |publisher=[[ABP News]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/career/who-is-ias-ritu-maheshwari-noida-greater-noida-ceo-and-director-dmrc-read-success-story/1530078 |title=Who is IAS Ritu Maheshwari NOIDA greater noida CEO and Director DMRC read success story |date=16 January 2023 |author=Chetan Sharma |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>

==Education==

Ritu Maheshwari is from Punjab and completed her primary education at DAV Public School, [[Amritsar]]. She attended [[Punjab Engineering College]] and earned a [[Bachelor of Engineering]] in [[Electrical Engineering]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-who-is-ritu-maheshwari-noida-greater-noida-s-ceo-and-engineer-turned-ias-officer-3015778 |title=Who is Ritu Maheshwari, Noida-Greater Noida's CEO and engineer-turned-IAS officer |date=9 January 2023 |author=DNA Web Team |access-date=29 May 2024 |publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.india.com/uttar-pradesh/gnida-ceo-ritu-maheshwari-sentenced-to-one-month-jail-all-you-need-to-know-about-engineer-turned-ias-officer-5845961/ |title=GNIDA CEO Ritu Maheshwari Sentenced To One-Month Jail |author=Victor Dasgupta |date=10 January 2023 |publisher=[[India.com]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-noida-news-ias-ritu-maheshwari-ceo-of-noida-authority-gets-a-new-role-3024876 |title=Noida news: IAS Ritu Maheshwari, CEO of Noida Authority, gets a new role |author=DNA Web Team |date=19 February 2023 |publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="n18" /> Later, she joined pursued a [[Master of Business Administration]] in Executive Development from [[Amity University, Noida]]. Ritu comes from a family with a business background and is the first member of her family to join the civil services.<ref>{{cite web |title=UPSC IAS Success Story – Ritu Maheshwari, 2003-batch IAS officer: how to prepare for IAS |url=https://www.abplive.com/education/upsc-ias-success-story-ritu-maheshwari-2003-batch-ias-officer-how-to-prepare-for-ias-2169011 |website=ABP Live |publisher=ABP News Network |date=16 July 2022 |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
Ritu Maheshwari is a 2003 batch [[IAS officer]].<ref name="dap" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/india/who-is-ritu-maheshwari-greater-noida-authority-ceo-has-been-sentenced-to-jail-know-matter/articlecontent-pf542485-741646.html |title=कौन हैं ग्रेटर नोएडा अथॉरिटी की CEO रितु माहेश्वरी |language=hi |date=10 January 2023 |author=Sushil Kumar |publisher=[[Oneindia]] |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ravi-kumar-ng-new-ceo-greater-noida-authority-ritu-maheshwari-8820701/ |title=Ravi Kumar N G to replace Ritu Maheshwari as Greater Noida Authority CEO |date=9 July 2023 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |author=Express News Service |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref> She started her career as a Joint Magistrate and Collector of [[Lucknow]] in 2005.<ref name="dap" /> In 2007, she held the post of [[District magistrate|District Magistrate and Collector]] of [[Ghazipur]].<ref name="dap" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/crime/who-is-ritu-maheshwari-greater-noida-authority-ceo-and-engineer-turned-ias-officer-sentenced-to-jail-article-96881157 |title=Who is Ritu Maheshwari, Greater Noida Authority CEO and engineer-turned-IAS officer |author=Sarmeeli Mallick |date=10 January 2023 |publisher=[[Times Now]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>

Ritu has also served as a [[chief executive officer]] of [[Noida]] and [[Greater Noida]].<ref name="dap" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/ias-ritu-maheshwari-transferred-popular-noida-authority-ceo-was-instrumental-in-getting-rs-1-lakh-crore-investment-to-city-a-look-at-her-stint-here-2637816.html |title=IAS Ritu Maheshwari Transferred: Popular Noida Authority CEO Was Instrumental In Getting Rs 1 Lakh Crore Investment To City |publisher=[[Zee News]] |date=20 July 2023 |author=Zee Media Bureau |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/noida-ceo-ritu-maheshwari-removed-m-lokesh-replaces-her-gautambudh-nagar-latest-update-2023-07-19-881864 |title=Noida CEO Ritu Maheshwari removed, M Lokesh replaces her |author=Vishal Pratap Singh |date=19 July 2023 |publisher=[[India TV]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/supreme-court-stays-non-bailable-warrant-against-noida-chief-executive-officer-ceo-ias-ritu-maheshwari |title=Supreme Court Stays Non-bailable Warrant Against Noida Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Ias Ritu Maheshwari |language=hi |date=10 May 2022 |author=Pranjul Srivastava |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref> Presently, she is serving as [[Divisional Commissioner]] of [[Agra]].<ref name="dap" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/uttar-pradesh-government-transfers-noida-authority-ceo-ritu-maheshwari-to-agra-division-commissioner-in-routine-move-101689790980576.html |title=Noida CEO Ritu Maheshwari transferred to Agra, Lokesh M to take over |author=Vinod Rajput |date=19 July 2023 |access-date=29 May 2024 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/uttar-pradesh/state/lucknow/ias-ritu-maheshwari-transfered-from-noida-in-controversies-became-agra-commissioner-many-officers-transfered/up20230719191923736736602 |title=विवादों में घिरीं IAS ऋतु माहेश्वरी का नोएडा से ट्रांसफर, कई और अफसर हुए इधर से उधर |language=hi |date=19 July 2023 |author=Etv Bharat |publisher=[[ETV Network]] |access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>

She also served as the [[Divisional Commissioner]] of [[Agra Division]] from July 2023 to August 2025. During her tenure as the CEO of the Noida Authority, generated a record revenue of ₹7,000 crore in the financial year 2022-23 the highest in the preceding 12 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ritu Maheshwari out of Noida Industrial Development Authority; Lokesh M made new CEO |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/ritu-maheshwari-out-of-noida-industrial-development-authority-lokesh-m-made-new-ceo/101973827 |website=ETGovernment (The Economic Times) |publisher=Times Internet Ltd. |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>

In February 2025 Ritu Maheshwari was appointed as the [[Secretary]] of Medical Education, Health and Family Welfare in the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ritu Maheshwari appointed Agra Divisional Commissioner |url=https://www.axomlive.com/uttar-pradesh-news/ritu-maheshwari-appointed-agra-divisional-commissioner-13876.html |publisher=Axom Live |date=20 July 2023 |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>

==Biographical film==

[[Katiyabaaz]] (Electricity Thief) movie is based on Ritu Maheshwari's life when she worked in [[Kanpur]] as the [[managing director]] of [[Kanpur Electricity Supply Company]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/115452/ritu-maheshwari-ias-officer-kanpur-power-theft-ghaziabad/ |title=This IAS Officer Battled Power Theft to Saved Kanpur Thousands of Crore |publisher=[[The Better India]] |date=14 September 2017 |author=Sanchari Pal |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140823/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-katiyabaaz-power-kanpur-metaphor |title=Movie Review: 'Katiyabaaz': Power, a Kanpur metaphor |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=23 August 2014 |author=Suparna Sharma |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==

* United Nations Public Service Delivery Award (2012) for the innovative health project Aarogyam, a mother and child tracking programme.<ref>{{cite web |title=UPSC IAS Success Story – Ritu Maheshwari, 2003-batch IAS officer: how to prepare for IAS |url=https://www.abplive.com/education/upsc-ias-success-story-ritu-maheshwari-2003-batch-ias-officer-how-to-prepare-for-ias-2169011 |website=ABP Live |publisher=ABP News Network |date=16 July 2022 |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AAROGYAM – An ICT-based approach for improving Reproductive and Child Health |url=https://www.oneworld.net |website=OneWorld Foundation India |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* Uttar Pradesh State E-governance Award (2009–10) for the Udyog Bandhu – A Helping Hand for Entrepreneurs initiative.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh State E-Governance Awards 2009–10 |url=https://www.uplive.egovawards.in |website=Government of Uttar Pradesh |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* National E-Governance Award (2010–11).<ref>{{cite web |title=National Awards for e-Governance 2010–11 |url=https://www.nisg.org |website=National Institute for Smart Government |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* Finalist, Stockholm Challenge Award (2010) for the Aarogyam ICT-based digital health mapping programme.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stockholm Challenge 2010 finalists |url=https://www.stockholmchallenge.org/ |website=Stockholm Challenge |access-date=3 September 2025 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302111104/https://www.stockholmchallenge.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Cleanest Medium City Award and 5-Star Garbage-Free City Award (2021) for Noida by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Swachh Survekshan 2021 results: Top highlights of the annual cleanliness survey |url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/swachh-survekshan-2021-results-top-highlights-of-the-annual-cleanliness-survey-64882 |website=Swachh India, NDTV |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Noida climbs the swachhta ladder, ranks No. 4 in cleanliness survey |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/noida-climbs-the-swachhta-ladder-ranks-no-4-in-cleanliness-survey-101637430387030.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=20 November 2021 |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* Best Self-Sustainable Medium City Award for Noida (2022) by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Swachh Amrit Mahotsav – Self Sustainable City Awards 2022 |url=https://sbmurban.org/storage/app/media/pdfs/swachh-amrit-mahotsav-SSU2022-ranking-report.pdf |website=Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* Water Digest Water Reuse Award (2022–23) for Noida, in the World Water Awards sponsored jointly by UNESCO and the Government of India.<ref>{{cite news |title=NCR: Water reuse award for Noida |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2023/03/16/des89-ncr-water-reuse-award.html |publisher=The Week |date=16 March 2023 |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* Best Urban Development Project – greenfield development for dumpsite remediation in Noida, by Smart City–Empowering India Awards in collaboration with the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smart Cities – Empowering India Awards |url=https://www.facebook.com/indiasmartcityawards |website=Smart City – Empowering India |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* Awarded as District Magistrate of Ghaziabad for steering the district to one of the Top 10 District Awards on World Toilet Day organised by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India (2018).<ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry announces winners of World Toilet Day 2018 contest |url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-ministry-of-drinking-water-and-sanitation-announces-winners-of-world-toilet-day-2018-contest-29396 |website=Swachh India, NDTV |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* Awarded as District Magistrate of Ghaziabad for Best District in Urban Cleanliness in Uttar Pradesh by the State Government’s Department of Urban Development (2018).<ref>{{cite web |title=UP Urban Development Department cleanliness awards 2018 |url=https://www.urbanup.gov.in |website=Urban Development Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* Awarded as Commissioner of Agra for Agra Smart City projects (social aspects, water, COVID-19 response, ICCC business models), securing overall second national rank in Smart City rankings 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indore tops in smart city contest; Surat, Agra rank 2nd and 3rd |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indore-tops-in-smart-city-contest-surat-agra-rank-2nd-and-3rd/articleshow/103058228.cms |publisher=The Times of India |date=24 August 2023 |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Smart Cities Mission Awards 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1952144 |website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Civil Servants}}
{{authority control}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Maheshwari, Ritu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:District magistrate]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]

Janardan Dehury

2026-04-10T00:58:09Z

Amanshrbiz: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Janardan Dehury 2024.png
| caption = Former MLA and Tribal Leader of Sundargarh, Mr. Janardan Dehury
| name = Janardan Dehury
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bonai Assembly constituency|Bonai]]
| term_start = 1997
| term_end = 2000
| predecessor = [[Jual Oram]]
| successor = Dayanidhi Kisan
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_date =
| country = India
| children = Jagannath Dehury & Rohit Dehury
| parents = Kalyan & Labanga Dehury
| spouse = Damayanti Dehury
}}

'''Janardhan Dehury''' is an [[Indian National Congress]] politician, tribal leader and a social worker from [[Sundargarh district]]. He was also a member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from 1997 to 2000, elected in a by-election from [[Bonai Assembly constituency|Bonai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Prasanjeet |date=2024-04-04 |title=Odisha: Janardan Dehuri's lone fight in Sundargarh LS seat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Apr/04/odisha-janardan-dehuris-lone-fight-in-sundargarh-ls-seat |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Prasanjeet |date=2023-07-17 |title=Inertia grips Congress in Bonai amid fear of deal with CPM |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2023/Jul/17/inertia-grips-congress-in-bonai-amid-fear-of-deal-with-cpm-2595678.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-03 |title=Sundargarh Constituency Odisha Lok Sabha Election 2024: Date of Result, Voting, Counting; Candidates |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/sundargarh-odisha-lok-sabha-election-result-2024-sundargarh-election-winner-runner-up-party-wise-candidate-list/3418944/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> He is married to Damayanti Dehury and has two sons Rohit and Jagannath Dehury.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dehury |first=Janardan |date=1 May 2024 |title=Candidate Details |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-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 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dehury |first=Janardan |date=20 March 2019 |title=Sundargarh |url=https://sundargarh.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-07/2019032785-2.pdf |website=sundargarh.odisha.gov.in/}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dehury, Janardan}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1995–2000]]

{{Odisha-INC-politician-stub}}

Aisha Sharma

2026-04-08T04:24:10Z

Amanshrbiz: started first bio v1 - done

{{Short description|Indian actress and model (born 1989)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aisha Sharma
| image =
| caption = Aisha Sharma in 2026
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|01|25|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=HOT! Aisha Sharma Looks Sexy And Raises Temperature in These Unseen Photos|url=https://www.news18.com/lifestyle/aisha-sharma-is-a-vision-in-black-in-these-unseen-hot-photos-see-pics-7955191.html|date=30 May 2023 |website=news18}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bhagalpur]], Bihar, India
| occupation = Actress Model
| years_active = 2016–Present
| parents = [[Ajit Sharma]] (father)
| relatives = [[Neha Sharma]] (elder sister)
}}

'''Aisha Sharma''' ({{IPA|hns|aːiːʂɦaː ˈʃərma|pron}}, born 25 January 1992)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aisha Sharma’s Pics From A Latest Photoshoot Go Viral All Over Social Media|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/aisha-sharma-s-pics-from-a-latest-photoshoot-go-viral-all-over-social-media-news-291053/amp|date=31 May 2023 |website=outlook}}</ref> is an Indian actress and model. She made her first screen appearance in [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]'s [[music video]] "Ik Vaari".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: 'Ik Vaari' song featuring Ayushmann Khurrana and Aisha Sharma has an unexpected twist! |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-ik-vaari-song-featuring-ayushmann-khurrana-and-aisha-sharma-has-an-unexpected-twist-2257792 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Sharma later debuted in film with a role in the Hindi action thriller ''[[Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)|Satyamev Jayate (2018)]]'' alongside [[John Abraham]] and [[Manoj Bajpayee]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='Satyamev Jayate': Debutante Aisha Sharma probably didn't seek John Abraham's help to prep for her role – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/satyamev-jayate-debutante-aisha-sharma-probably-didnt-seek-john-abrahams-help-to-prep-for-her-role/articleshow/64842913.cms |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-14 |title=Satyameva Jayate actress Aisha Sharma on her character Shikha: Not just a pretty face; she's a social crusader |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/satyameva-jayate-actress-aisha-sharma-on-her-character-shikha-not-just-a-pretty-face-shes-a-social-crusader-4962351.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Sharma did her graduation in engineering from the college in [[Noida, Uttar Pradesh]]. She started her career as a model while studying and went on to become a face for many popular brands including [[Lakmé]], [[Pepsi]] and Campus shoes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Campus shoes announces Aisha Sharma as their brand ambassador |url=https://english.pardaphash.com/campus-shoes-announces-aisha-sharma-as-their-brand-ambassador/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=PardaPhash |language=en |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814042203/https://english.pardaphash.com/campus-shoes-announces-aisha-sharma-as-their-brand-ambassador/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2016, she was featured as one of the [[Kingfisher Calendar]] Girls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/kingfisher-calendar-2016|title=The Kingfisher Calendar 2016 is here|date=12 January 2016|website=GQ India}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
! Name
! Character
! Language
! Notes
! References
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]''
| Shikha
| Hindi
| Debut in Bollywood
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" width="60%"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Character
! scope="col" | Platform
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | References
|-
| 2022
| ''Shining with the Sharmas''
| Herself
| Social Swag
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shining-with-the-sharmas-neha-sharma-sister-aisha-set-to-debut-in-kardashians-style-series-5257393.html|title=Shining with the Sharmas: Neha Sharma, Sister Aisha Set To Debut in Kardashians-style Series|date=2022-05-27|website=News18|language=en|access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref>
|}

=== Music Videos ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" width="60%"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Singer
! scope="col" | References
|-
| 2016
| ''Ik Vaari''
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/ik-vaari-video-song-feat-ayushmann-khurrana-and-aisha-sharma/videoshow/54467619.cms|title=IK Vaari video song feat Ayushmann Khurrana and Aisha Sharma {{!}} Entertainment – Times of India Videos|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-08-10}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''Kudiyan Lahore Diyan''
| [[Harrdy Sandhu|Hardy Sandhu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/harrdy-sandhus-new-single-kudiyan-lahore-diyan-is-out-23220807|title=Harrdy Sandhu's new single 'Kudiyan Lahore Diyan' is out!|date=2022-03-31|website=Mid-day|language=en|access-date=2022-08-10}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''Rangrez''
| [[Arjun Kanungo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/arjun-kanungos-latest-track-rangrez-is-about-boundless-passion-of-unconditional-love/|title=Arjun kanungos latest track rangrez is about boundless passion of unconditional love|website=Lokmattimes}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''Tera Hoke Nachda Phira''
| [[Stebin Ben]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/arjun-kanungos-latest-track-rangrez-is-about-boundless-passion-of-unconditional-love/|title='Tera Hoke Nachda Phira' first look promises scorching chemistry between Aayush and Aisha}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of people from Bihar]]
* [[List of Indian film actresses]]
* [[List of Hindi film actresses]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|nm9731950}}
{{Portal bar|India|Biography|Bollywood}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Aisha}}
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bihar]]
[[Category:Female models from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Bhagalpur]]

List of institutions of higher education in Kohima

2026-04-01T16:16:34Z

Amanshrbiz: started a details!

{{Short description|none}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}

'''[[Kohima]]''' is a leading center of [[education in Nagaland]] and houses the following institutions:

== Universities and tertiary institutions ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colleges in Kohima |url=https://kohima.nic.in/public-utility-category/colleges/page/2/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=District Kohima, Government of Nagaland |publisher=Government of Nagaland |language=English}}</ref>
* [[Alder College]] (1992)
* [[Baptist College, Kohima|Baptist College]] (1982)
* Capital College of Higher Education (2004)
* [[Kohima College]] (1967)
* [[Kros College, Kohima|KROS College]] (2006)
* [[Model Christian College, Kohima|Model Christian College]] (2007)
* [[Modern College, Kohima|Modern College]] (1997)
* [[Mountain View Christian College]] (1991)
* [[Mount Olive College, Kohima|Mount Olive College]] (1992)
* [[Nagaland Institute of Medical Science and Research]] (2022)
* [[Oriental College, Kohima|Oriental College]] (1996)

The following are major Universities and tertiary institutions located in the Greater Kohima Metropolitan Area:
* [[Japfü Christian College]], [[Kigwema]] (1996)
* [[Kohima Science College]], [[Jotsoma]] (1961)
* [[Nagaland University]], Meriema Campus (1994)
* [[Sazolie College]], [[Jotsoma]] (2005)
* [[St. Joseph's College, Jakhama|St. Joseph's College]], [[Jakhama]] (1985)

== Primary and secondary schools ==
{{expand section|date=February 2022}}
* [[Baptist High School, Kohima|Baptist High School]] (1959)
* [[Bethel Higher Secondary School]] (1981)
* [[Chandmari Higher Secondary School]] (1974)
* [[Coraggio School]] (2004)
* [[Dainty Buds School]] (1987)
* [[Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Kohima|Don Bosco Higher Secondary School]] (1972)
* [[Fernwood School, Kohima|Fernwood School]] (1988)
* [[G. Rio School]] (2005)
* [[Holy Family School, Kohima|Holy Family School]] (1991)
* [[Little Flower Higher Secondary School, Kohima|Little Flower Higher Secondary School]] (1964)
* [[Merhülietsa School]] (1974)
* [[Mezhür Higher Secondary School]] (1958)
* [[Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School]] (1968)
* [[Mount Sinai Higher Secondary School]] (1987)
* [[Northfield School, Kohima|Northfield School]] (2002)
* [[Rüzhükhrie Government Higher Secondary School]] (1941)
* [[Stella Higher Secondary School]] (1987)
* [[Trinity School, Kohima|Trinity School]] (2003)
* [[Vikesel's Vision School]] (1994)
* [[The Vineyard School, Kohima|The Vineyard School]] (2003)
* [[Vinyüzo School]] (2007)

== See also ==
* [[List of institutions of higher education in Nagaland]]
* [[List of schools in Nagaland]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Higher Education And Academic Institutions In Kohima}}
[[Category:Kohima-related lists|Higher education]]
[[Category:India education-related lists|Kohima]]

Millennium Stars

2026-03-23T19:11:10Z

Amanshrbiz:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Millennium Stars
| image = Millennium Stars.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Jayaraj]]
| producer = N. Krishnakumar (Kireedam Unni)
| story = [[Jayaraj]]
| screenplay = Vinod Ranganath
| narrator =
| starring = [[Suresh Gopi]] [[Jayaram]] [[Biju Menon]] [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]]
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2000|01|01|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Millennium Stars''''' is a 2000 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language drama film directed by [[Jayaraj]]. It stars [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Jayaram]], [[Biju Menon]] and [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]] in the lead roles. The soundtrack of the film was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. It became the first Malayalam movie to be released in the new millennium.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?914 | title= Millenium Stars (2000) |publisher=.Malayalasangeetham}}</ref> [[Biju Menon]] won the Asianet Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for this film. Later dubbed into Tamil and released as ''Sivasankar''.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=November 2020}}
When they were children, Shiva and Shankar went to [[Mumbai]] in search of a living. Circumstances put them in jail, where they meet a bully named Karunan. They escape from jail. Several years later, Shankar and Shiva dream of becoming singers. Karunan is still active as a criminal. Through their hard work, the Shiva-Shankar duo become successful singers and start being called "Millennium Stars". Then the villain enters and tries to separate the two. Karunan convinces them not to separate.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Suresh Gopi]] as Karunan
*[[Jayaram]] as Shankar
*[[Biju Menon]] as Shivan
*[[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]] as Radha
*Suja Raghuram<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=2021-08-18 |title=Suja Raghuram turns director for a Hollywood film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/english/news/2021/Aug/18/suja-raghuram-turns-director-for-a-hollywood-film-26137.html |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=[[The New Indian Express|Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
*[[Harisree Asokan]]
*[[Devan (actor)|Devan]]
*[[Shishir Sharma]]
*[[Kalabhavan Mani]]
*[[Senthil]]
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
*Laxmi Rattan
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album|
| name = Millennium Stars
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = December 1999<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audio CD cover |url=https://www.facebook.com/sangeethaganaga/photos/a.180752007029438/234447438326561/ |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio = Varsha Vallaki, [[Chennai]]
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Johny Sagariga [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The film's music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]], with Malayalam lyrics by [[Gireesh Puthenchery]], Hindi lyrics by Tahir Faraz and English lyrics by Recardo Barrantes. Though the film failed at the box-office, the soundtrack is considered as one of Vidyasagar's career bests.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
! Track !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Lyricists !! Raga(s)
|-
| 1 || "O... Mumbai" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Vijay Yesudas]] || [[Gireesh Puthenchery]], Tahir Faraz ||
|-
| 2 || "Parayaan Njan Marannu" || K. J. Yesudas, [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Vijay Yesudas, [[Sujatha Mohan]] (humming) || Gireesh Puthenchery, Tahir Faraz ||
|-
| 3 || "Krishna Krishna" || K. J. Yesudas, Vijay Yesudas || [[Poonthanam Nambudiri]] ||
|-
| 4 || "Kuku Kuku Theevandi" || Harikrishnan, Anand Kumar || Gireesh Puthenchery || [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]]
|-
| 5 || "Maha Ganapathim" || K. J. Yesudas, Hariharan, [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Harish Raghavendra]], Vijay Yesudas, Pushpa Raman, Chorus || [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]], Tahir Faraz, Recardo Barrantes || [[Nata (raga)|Nata]]
|-
| 6 || "Shravan Gange" || K. J. Yesudas, Hariharan, Vijay Yesudas, Chorus || Gireesh Puthenchery, Tahir Faraz || [[Charukesi]], [[Bahudari]]
|-
|}

== Box office ==
This film was released with huge expectations but was a box office failure as the producer lost {{INRConvert|1.5|c}}.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ayyappan|first1=R|title=Sleaze time, folks!|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/24mallu.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0283486|Millennium Stars}}

{{Jayaraj}}

[[Category:2000 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2000 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian musical films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:2000 musical films]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}
{{musical-film-stub}}

Waris Shah

2026-03-23T08:58:24Z

Amanshrbiz: adjusted lead additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Punjabi Sufi Poet (1722–1798)}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Waris Ali Shah]], the Indian Sufi saint}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Waris Shah
| native_name = {{lang|pnb|{{nq|وارث شاہ}}}}
| image = Portrait of the Punjabi poet Waris Shah (Lahore, ca.1859).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Depiction of Waris Shah, [[Lahore]], ca.1859
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1722}}<ref name=APNA/>
| birth_place = [[Jandiala Sher Khan]], [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]], [[Punjab]], [[Mughal Empire]]<ref name=APNA/> {{small|(present-day, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| death_date = {{death year and age|1799|1722}}<ref name=APNA/>
| death_place = [[Jandiala Sher Khan]], [[Sheikhupura]], [[Sikh Empire]]<ref name=APNA/> {{small|(present-day, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| occupation = [[Poet]]
| genre = [[Sufi poetry]]
| notableworks = [[Heer Ranjha]]- by ''Waris Shah - A Classic Book on their love story''<ref name=APNA>{{cite web|url=http://apnaorg.com/books/shahmukhi/heer-waris-shah/book.php?fldr=book|url-status=dead|title=Waris Shah - eBook in Shahmukhi Punjabi language|website=[[Academy of the Punjab in North America]] website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610112805/https://apnaorg.com/books/shahmukhi/heer-waris-shah/book.php?fldr=book#google_vignette|archive-date=10 June 2023|access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref>
}}
{{Punjabis}}
{{Sufism}}

Pir '''Waris Shah''' ({{langx|pnb|{{nq|وارث شاہ}}}} {{small| ([[Shahmukhi]])}}; 1722 {{endash}} 1798) was an 18th-century [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi Muslim]] [[Sufi]] poet of the [[Chishti order]], known popularly for his contribution to [[Punjabi literature]].<ref name=APNA2>{{cite web|url=https://apnaorg.com/prose-content/english-articles/page-7/article-2/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2023|access-date=27 April 2024|title=The epic of Heer Ranjha|author=Arif Jamshaid|website=[[Academy of the Punjab in North America]] (APNA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405002237/https://apnaorg.com/prose-content/english-articles/page-7/article-2/index.html}}</ref><ref name=APNA/>

He is primarily known as the author of the ''[[Heer Ranjha]]'' love poem. It's about one of the most popular tragic romances of [[Punjab]]. Traditionally, this love poem is recited in [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)|bhairavi]] [[raga]] and this continues to be done even today.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chopra|first1=R M|title=Great Sufi Poets of the Punjab|date=1999|publisher=Iran Society|location=Calcutta}}</ref><ref name="TNI">{{cite news |author=Sarwat Ali |date=1 October 2023 |title=Cultural legacy (Waris Shah's death anniversary event held) |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/1114289-cultural-legacy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007063506/https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/1114289-cultural-legacy |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=27 April 2024 |newspaper=The News International newspaper}}</ref>

==Background==
[[File:Waris Shah.png|thumb|Portrait painting of Waris Shah|165px]]
Syed Mohammad Waris Shah was born in [[Jandiala Sher Khan]], [[Punjab region|Punjab]], present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]], into a reputed [[Sayyid]] family and was a descendant of [[Sayyid Muhammad Al-Makki]] through his son Sayyid Badruddin.<ref>{{cite book|title=Riaz Al-Ansab |page=684 |editor-first=Sayyid Maqsood |editor-last= Naqvi |publisher=Izhar Sons Printer |date=1991}}</ref> His father's name was Gulsher Shah and mother's name was Kamal Banu. Waris's parents are said to have died when he was young. Waris spent years in search of the perfect spiritual guide. Waris Shah acknowledged himself to be a disciple of an [[ustad]] from [[Kasur]], namely [[Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza]] from whom he received his education. After completing his education, Waris moved to [[Malka Hans]], a village twelve kilometres north of [[Pakpattan]]. Here he resided in a small room (or Hujra), adjacent to a historic mosque now called Masjid Waris Shah, until his death.<ref name=APNA/>

Waris Shah was also an eyewitness to the first Invasion of India by the Afghan leader [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282887/page/n175/mode/2up |title=Studies In Later Mughal History Of The Punjab 1707 To 1793 |publisher=The Minerva Book Shop |year=1944 |location=Lahore |pages=162–163}}</ref> He witnessed the [[Battle of Lahore (1748)|Battle of Lahore]] between the Afghan forces and the Mughal forces under [[Shah Nawaz Khan (Mughal Empire)|Shah Nawaz]] which resulted in Lahore coming under Afghan control during January 1748.<ref name=":0" /> Waris Shah condemned Shah Nawaz's actions during the battle and even referred to him as a coward.<ref name=":0" /> Other poets later added their own verses in Qissa Waris Shah throughout the history. It is estimated that there are 11069 forged <ref>[https://www.punjnud.com/Aarticles_detail.aspx?ArticleID=1957&ArticleTitle=Heer%20Waris%20Shah%20Mein%2011069%20Shairon%20Ki%20Milawat/ Forgery] Forgery in [[Heer Ranjha|Heer]] Waris Shah</ref> verses in the commonly available Qissa Waris Shah. One of the oldest and most accurate copy of Qissa Waris Shah published by Kripa Ram <ref>[https://www.punjnud.com/Aarticles_detail.aspx?ArticleID=89&ArticleTitle=Heer%20Waris%20Shah%20Ka%20Asal%20Nuskha%20Khan%20Hai?/ Where is actual copy of Heer] Waris Shah</ref> in 1916 is available in the Punjab Public Library in [[Lahore]].

== Works ==
[[File:Folios of a manuscript of Heer Waris Shah (Waris Shah's version of the Heer-Ranjha folktale), circa 19th century.jpg|thumb|Folios of a manuscript of ''Heer Waris Shah'' (Waris Shah's version of the Heer-Ranjha folktale), circa 19th century]]

=== Examples ===
Many verses of Waris Shah are widely used in [[Punjab region|Punjab]] in a moral context, for instance:<ref>From the book ''Heer Waris Shah'' (Chatur Singh Jeevan Singh) in [[Gurmukhi]] Punjabi language</ref>

* ''Naa adataan jaandiyan ne, Bhavein katiye poriyan poriyan ji''
:{{nq|نہ عادتاں جاندیاں نیں، بھاویں کٹیے پوریاں پوریاں جی}}
:(A man never abandons his habits, even if he is hacked to pieces)
* ''Waris rann, faqir, talwar, ghora; Chare thok eh kisse de yar nahin''
:(Waris says that woman, beggar, sword and horse, these four are never anyone's friends)
* ''Waris Shah faqir di aqal kithe; eh pattian ishq padhiyan hun''
: {{nq|وارث شاہ فقیر دی عقل کتھے، ایہ پٹیاں عشق پڑھیاں ہن}}
: (It is beyond the wisdom of [[faqeer]] Waris Shah (to write this verse), (But) these lessons are taught by Love)
* ''Eh rooh qalboot da [[dhikr|zikr]] sara nal aqal de mel bulaya ee''
:(This entire reference is about Soul meeting with the Divine, Beloved which has been contrived with great wisdom)

== Tomb ==
[[File:Shrine of Waris Shah.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Tomb of syed waris shah.]]
The tomb or mausoleum of Waris Shah is in [[Jandiala Sher Khan]] town near [[Sheikhupura]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]. His [[urs]] (death anniversary) is held and celebrated there every year.<ref name="TNI" />

== Legacy ==
The renowned [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] writer and poet [[Amrita Pritam]] is best remembered for her famous work [[Ajj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu]] (lit: "Today I Invoke Waris Shah") about the horrors of the partition of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] during the [[Partition of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=az6CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA562 |title=Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850 |date=2002-01-04 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-59938-7 |pages=562 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Ajj aakhaan Waris Shah nu, kito qabran vichon bol''
: {{nq|اج آکھاں وارث شاہ نوں، کِتوں قبراں وچوں بول}}
: (Today, I call upon Waris Shah, to rise from the grave and speak)
* Te ajj kitaab e ishq da koi agla warka phol
:{{nq|تے اج کتابِ عشق دا کوئی اگلا ورقہ پھول}}
:(And plead with him to open another page in the book of love)

== Portrayal in media ==
Waris Shah's life has been fictionalised in Punjabi-language films. A 1964 [[Pakistani]] film titled ''Waris Shah'' featured [[Inayat Hussain Bhatti]] in the title role. Another film on the life of Shah, ''Sayyed Waris Shah'', was released in India in 1980; followed by ''[[Waris Shah: Ishq Daa Waaris]]'' in 2006 which had [[Gurdas Maan]] in the role of Waris Shah.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0892113/ 2006 film ''Waris Shah: Ishq Daa Waaris'' on IMDb website] </ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Punjabi language poets]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Waris}}
[[Category:1722 births]]
[[Category:1798 deaths]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language poets]]
[[Category:People from Sheikhupura District]]
[[Category:Punjabi Muslims]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sufis]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Sufi poets]]
[[Category:Sufi shrines in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Heer Ranjha]]
[[Category:18th-century mystics]]
[[Category:18th-century poets]]

Jahiliyyah

2026-03-19T23:59:54Z

Amanshrbiz: update section additionally and updated info

{{Short description|Islamic term for pre-Islamic Arabian society}}
{{redirect|Jahalia|the Romanian village|Râșca, Suceava}}
{{distinguish|Ahl al-Fatrah}}
{{Islam}}
In Islamic [[salvation history]],{{Sfn|Munt|2015|p=436}} the '''''Jāhiliyyah''''' ('''Age of Ignorance''') is an Arabic expression for an era of [[pre-Islamic Arabia]] as a whole or only of the [[Hejaz]] leading up to the lifetime of [[Muhammad]].{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=}}{{Sfn|Shepard|2007|p=37}}{{Sfn|Shepard|2013}}

The expression serves as a form of [[grand narrative]] to paint pre-Islamic Arabians as barbarians in a morally corrupt social order. Its people (the ''jahl'', sing. ''jāhil'') lacked religious knowledge (''ʿilm'') and civilized qualities (''ḥilm'').{{Sfn|Munt|2015|p=436–437}}<ref>Hawting, Gerald. “Pre-Islamic Arabia/The Jahiliyya.” ''Oxford Bibliographies'', 14 April 2011, {{cite web |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/abstract/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0142.xml |title=Pre-Islamic Arabia/The Jahiliyya}}.</ref> As a result, they practiced [[polytheism]], [[idol worship]], and allegedly committed [[female infanticide]], had societies rife with tyranny, injustice, despotism, and anarchy, and prejudice resulted in vainglorious tribal antagonisms.{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=69–70}}

The pre-Islamic age was [[Essentialism|essentialized]] into a group of attributes and societal functions that was described as a barbaric way of life that stood in contrast with the mission of Muhammad and the way of life he introduced. Today, this narrative is not considered historical. As a grand narrative or master narrative,{{Sfn|Halverson|Goodall|Corman|2011}}{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=69–71}} and as a discourse, it served the role of validating and even necessitating the venture of Islam.{{Sfn|Webb|2016|p=258}}{{Sfn|Tottoli|2023|p=143}} The Jahiliyyah is a type of [[Black-and-white dualism|light-versus darkness]] narrative, and is similar to grand narratives like the idea that the [[Dark Ages (historiography)|Dark Ages]] was succeeded by the [[Age of Enlightenment]] in European history or the idea that the coming of [[Jesus]] redeemed the world from [[Original sin|Original Sin]].{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=83}}{{Sfn|Halverson|Goodall|Corman|2011}}

In modern Islamist writings, the concept is used to refer to a decadent moral state accused of imitating the Jahiliyyah.{{Sfn|Hartung|2014|p=62–64}} [[Islamism|Islamists]] have used this concept of ''jahiliyyah'' to criticize un-Islamic conduct in the [[Muslim world]].<ref name="OEIW">{{cite encyclopedia |year=2009 |title=Jāhilīyah |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0406 |editor=John L. Esposito |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |author=Eleanor Abdella Doumato (rev. Byron D. Cannon) |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Prominent Muslim theologians like [[Rashid Rida|Muhammad Rashid Rida]] and [[Abul A'la Maududi]], among others, have used the term as a reference to [[Islam and secularism|secular modernity]] and, by extension, to modern [[Western culture]]. In his works, Maududi asserts that modernity is the "new ''jahiliyyah''."<ref name="Worth">{{Cite web|last=Worth|first=Robert|date=13 October 2021|title=The Deep Intellectual Roots of Islamic Terror|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/13/arts/the-deep-intellectual-roots-of-islamic-terror.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111063054/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/13/arts/the-deep-intellectual-roots-of-islamic-terror.html|archive-date=11 November 2009|website=The New York Times }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=L. Esposito|first=John|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-19-512558-4|location=New York|pages=154 }}</ref> [[Sayyid Qutb]] viewed ''jahiliyyah'' as a state of domination of humans over humans, as opposed to their [[Fi sabilillah|submission to God]].<ref name="ODI">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100220051628/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1157 Jahiliyyah] The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</ref> Likewise, [[Islamic extremism|radical Muslim groups]] have often justified the use of violence against secular regimes by framing their armed struggle as a ''[[jihad]]'' to strike down modern forms of ''jahiliyyah''.<ref name=ODI/> [[Ibn Taymiyya|Ibn Taymiyyah]] and [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]] have both viewed their fellow Muslims as living in a state of ''jahiliyyah''.{{Sfn|Shepard|2013}}

== Etymology ==
The term ''jahiliyyah'' is derived from the Arabic verbal root ''jahala'' "to be ignorant or stupid, to act stupidly".<ref name="ambros">Amros, Arne A. & Stephan Pocházka. (2004). ''A Concise Dictionary of Koranic Arabic'', Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden</ref> It has been suggested that the word ''jahiliyyah'' in the Quran means "ignorant people", in contrast to traditionalist or contemporary notions of an "age" or "state of ignorance".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Haave |first1=Amund |title=Reading slowly: a Festschrift for Jens E. Braarvig |last2=Borgland |first2=Jens Wilhelm |last3=Hüsken |first3=Ute |date=2018 |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-10964-2 |editor-last=Edzard |editor-first=Lutz |location=Wiesbaden |pages=71–87 |chapter=Jāhiliyya and Rahbāniyya in the Qurʾān: A Philological Essay |editor-last2=Borgland |editor-first2=Jens |editor-last3=Husken |editor-first3=Ute |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/35825585}}</ref>

''Jahiliyyah'' has been compared to the expression "times of ignorance" (''agnoias'') which occurs in Acts 17:29-30, where [[Paul the Apostle|Paul]] describes the state of people before God's revelation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel Said |title=The Qur'an and the Bible: Text and Commentary |last2= |first2= |date=2018 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-18132-6 |location= |pages=765–766}}</ref>

== Jahili society ==
According to Islamic religious scholars, a regular practice during the Jahiliyyah was for Arabians to commit [[female infanticide]] by burying their daughters alive (which they called ''waʾd al-banāt''). According to [[Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi|Al-Tha'labi]] (d. 1035) in his commentary on Quran 81:8:{{Sfn|Lindstedt|2023|p=5}}<blockquote>When a man had a daughter and he wanted to spare her life, he would dress her in a garment of wool or hair, and [when she had grown up] she would watch over his camels and sheep in the steppe. If he wanted to kill her, he would let her live until she was six spans in length (sudāsiyyah) and then say to her mother, “Perfume and adorn her, for I will take her to meet her relatives.” [Instead,] he had dug a pit for her in the desert where he would take her. He would say to her, “Look there.” Then he would push her into it from her back and pour earth over her until the ground was even …

Ibn ʿAbbās has said that when a pregnant woman was about to give birth during the jāhiliyyah, she would dig a grave and give birth next to it. If it was a daughter, she would cast her in the grave, and if it was a son, she would keep him.</blockquote>According to another source, "[e]very day a pit was dug in the corner of the desert for an innocent girl to be buried".{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=70}} Ilkka Lindstedt argues that notions of this practice in the ''jahiliyyah'' derived as an inference of two verses in the Quran (16:57–59, 81:8–9). Lindstedt, however, argues that there is little evidence to support such a practice in pre-Islamic Arabia and that the Quranic verses themselves are unlikely to have originally carried this meaning.{{Sfn|Lindstedt|2023|p=}}

During the early [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] era, intense intertribal competition took place to acquire appointments of generalships and governorships over [[Early Muslim conquests|newly conquered]] territories. It is thought that it was around this time that widespread Islamic critiques began taking the place of partisan tribalism (''ʿaṣabiyyah''). These critiques were then attributed to Muhammad in order to describe and discredit ''ʿaṣabiyyah'' as a defining characteristic of the Jahiliyyah.{{Sfn|Miller|2024|p=27}}

Other extreme and violent practices attributed to the Jahiliyyah included cannibalism,{{Sfn|El Cheikh|2015|p=27}} corpse mutilation, abuse and torture of captives, and random murder. In one tradition, Muhammad's uncle, [[Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], is killed in the [[Battle of Uhud]]: subsequently, the ''jahl'' mutilated his corpse. Muhammad, by contrast, forbade the mutilation of corpses. They were also said to have tortured some Muslim prisoners they captured.{{Sfn|Halverson|Goodall|Corman|2011|p=40–41}}

A practice regularly attributed to the Jahiliyyah was overly emotional wailing over the death of loved ones (''niyāḥa''), contrasted in tradition with the more civilized and rational Islamic practice of accepting the inevitability of death without excessive displays of emotion. [[G.H.A. Juynboll]] demonstrated that Islamic attitudes towards ''niyāḥa'' were far from uniform and that the absolute prohibition against it emerged in [[Iraq]] in the second half of the eighth century before being retrojected into Prophetic hadith.{{Sfn|Webb|2020|p=237–240}} In a later study, Leor Halevi diverged from Juynboll in arguing that ''niyāḥa'' was a genuine pre-Islamic practice as opposed to an Islamic-era creation, although Halevi agreed with Juynboll that it was not prohibited by Muhammad.{{Sfn|Halevi|2004}} Peter Webb's most recent study agrees that it was a practice that occurred in pre-Islamic times due to its mention in pre-Islamic poetry, but he also argued that Islamic-era authors exaggerated the features of the custom and reshaped it into a quintessential trait of the "Jahili" past.{{Sfn|Webb|2020}}

According to the [[Ibadi Islam|Ibadi]] author Hūd ibn al-Muªakkam, the Jahiliyyah was characterized as a time when people forced their female slaves into prostitution so that they could have more children. Al-Qummī, a [[Shia Islam|Shia]], says that slaves were forced into prostitution for the profit of their master.{{Sfn|Urban|2020|p=103n48}}

== Jahili poetry ==
[[Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry]] is called ''al-shiʿr al-Jāhilī'' ("poetry from the Jahiliyyah" or "Jahili poetry"). A large amount of this poetry was codified in Islamic times, and the Jahiliyyah was commonly characterized or received through this poetry. While historians doubt that the values of this poetry were representative of pre-Islamic values more broadly, the themes of Jahili poetry emphasize a heroic value system where the enjoyment of wine, amorous adventures, and fighting came together, as can be seen in the ''[[Mu'allaqat|muʿallaqa]]'' of [[Tarafa|Ṭarafa]]:{{Sfn|Klasova|2019|p=44–45}}<blockquote>If you can’t avert from me the fate that surely awaits me / then pray leave me to hasten it on with what money I’ve got. / But for three things, that are the joy of a young fellow / I assure you I wouldn’t care when my deathbed visitors arrive— / first, to forestall my charming critics with a good swig of crimson wine / that foams when the water is mingled in; / second, to wheel at the call of the beleaguered a curved-shanked steed / streaking like the wolf of the thicket you’ve startled lapping the water; / and third, to curtail the day of showers, such an admirable season / dallying with a ripe wench under the pole-propped tent, / her anklets and her bracelets seemingly hung on the boughs / of a pliant, unriven gum-tree or a castor-shrub.</blockquote>According to Pamela Klasova, the values expressed should not be seen as "values in themselves". That is, they are values invoked by the poet as a vehicle for the expression of the heroic refusal of the poet to surrender themselves to the power of unpredictable fate. When wine, fighting, and so forth are celebrated, these are acts of defiance against death. For the poet, death can come at any moment, and so the poet hastens death by behaving in an unrestrained manner. This perception of the world extends to other areas of the life of the poet, and so he acts with extreme generosity to others, even at the risk of endangerment of one's own life. After all, the poet sees death as inevitable, and the only form of immortality achievable is through the memory of oneself after their death. This memory is perpetuated by the performance of heroic and honorable deeds.{{Sfn|Klasova|2019|p=44–45}} Wars were opportunities for one to set themselves apart from others by demonstrating their courage and achieving glory. Thus, poetry portrays war as something that occurs not merely out of necessity and material gain but also "for the noble strife itself".{{Sfn|Klasova|2019|p=58}} Poetry centred the present, but in a manner that was motivated by a deeper existential framework as opposed to barbarism. Tradition depicted the poets as pagan, but the poetry itself lacks concern for religion.{{Sfn|Klasova|2019|p=81–83}}

Pre-Islamic poetry is not representative of the values of pre-Islamic Arabia (and likely was an expression of one cultural model among nomads and/or seminomads), but it came to be depicted in this way likely for two reasons: the scarcity of other pre-Islamic sources to have survived into the Islamic era, and deliberate reconstructions of the "Jahiliyyah".{{Sfn|Klasova|2019|p=83}}

==Evolution of the Jahiliyyah narrative==

=== Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry ===
The term with the root ''j-h-l'' is cited several times in [[pre-Islamic Arabic poetry]], especially in the poetry of [[Imru' al-Qais]] and [[Al-Nabighah al-Dhubyani]] (where it is used eight and six times respectively). The meaning of the word in these poems is disputed. According to [[Ignác Goldziher|Ignaz Goldziher]] and [[Toshihiko Izutsu]], the word meant "barbarism" and was used as an [[antonym]] (opposite) of ''ḥilm'' (forbearance, equanimity). [[Franz Rosenthal]] argued that it meant ignorance and was used as an opposite of ''ʿilm'' (religious knowledge).{{Sfn|Shepard|2007|p=37}} Peter Webb has accepted both of these definitions, finding different contexts in which each is the more appropriate definition.{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=72n14}}

=== Quran ===
The term ''jahiliyyah'' appears four times in the [[Quran]] (3:154, 5:50, 33:33, 48:26).{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=72}} In the Quran, the word is not used to refer to a historical epoch, but instead characterizes a way of life ascribed to the disbelievers who, in their ignorance, failed to acknowledge the message of Muhammad. For example, Muhammad emphasized the reward of the afterlife, whereas those who rejected his message lacked a belief in an afterlife entirely.{{Sfn|Shepard|2007|p=37–38}} The use of the word ''jahiliyyah'' in Islamic literature from later centuries therefore diverged from the way that the word was used in the Quran in three key ways: (1) It came to refer to a historical epoch instead of a way of life or a moral state of being (2) It came to be used to refer to Arabs generally instead of Muhammad's opponents (3) It came to be associated with a recurring set of particular negative stereotypes. The transformation of this term into a historical era may have been driven by Quran 33:33, which talks about former times in which ''jahiliyyah'' prevailed.{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=72–74}}

=== Classical Arabic dictionaries ===
Early Arabic dictionaries stressed two features of ''jahiliyyah'': a specific period between two prophets (''Al-Fatra'', sometimes more narrow as the time between [[Jesus]] and Muhammad) and the opposition between ''jahiliyyah'' and ''ʿilm''. These approaches are found in the earliest surviving Arabic dictionary, the ''[[Kitab al-'Ayn]]'' of [[Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi]], as well as the dictionaries of [[Ibn Qutayba]] (d. 889) and Al-Azharī (d. 980). These sources do not confine the ''jahiliyyah'' to Arabia or attach particular disordered characteristics to it. For some, the word could also be used to refer to a future time of religious ignorance (especially the time leading up to the apocalypse) or it could be used to refer to a set of quantified time periods: for [[Al-Tabari]] in the tenth century, it denoted both Arabia before Muhammad and Israel before Jesus. In the twelfth century and on, a new style of definition is adopted for the ''jahiliyyah'', as is seen by the works of [[al-Zamakhshari]] and al-Ḥimyarī. ''Jahiliyyah'' began to be used to describe the non-Islamic past in general instead of the time between prophets, especially one lacking in or in opposition to moral virtue. With the [[Lisan al-Arab|''Lisān al-ʿArab'']] of [[Ibn Manzur]] (d. 1312), the word is constricted to pre-Islamic Arabs in particular in addition to their negative moral characteristics. Ibn Manzur's definition is the one found in dictionaries today.{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=76–79}}

=== Quran commentaries ===
The meaning of ''jahiliyyah'' experiences a similar evolution in exegeses of the Quran as they do in Arabic dictionaries. In the eighth-century commentary by [[Muqatil ibn Sulayman]], the ''jahiliyyah'' describes the recent pre-Islamic past instead of pre-Islamic times in its entirety. In the commentaries of Al-Tabari, the word describes a period between prophets and the moral code of the non-Muslim community. The commentaries of [[Al-Zamakhshari]] and [[Al-Qurtubi]] in the twelfth and fourteenth centuries introduce the phrase ''al-Jahiliyyah'' understood as a period of time whose inhabitants were morally tarred by virtue of the era they lived in. Related phrases in this context included ''millat al-Jāhiliyya'' (the religious community of al-Jāhiliyya) and ''ahl al-Jāhiliyya'' (the people of al-Jāhiliyya). Both exegetes characterize ''Al-Jahiliyyah'' as the pre-Islamic past as a whole and not the time between any two prophets. Al-Qurtubi expands on the qualities of this era, such as fanaticism, idol worship, and rule by the strong over the weak.{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=79–84}}

=== Positive portrayals ===
A more optimistic version of the ''jahiliyyah'' narrative can be found among many authors in the second and third centuries of Islam during the early [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] period. In this period, where Arab tribal identity continued to be important, many sought to extol their genealogical ancestors as opposed to denigrating them, as can be found with the [[Ma'add]] or South Arabian ancestries. For many, especially poets and philologists, the ''jahiliyyah'' was a heroic era that gave rise to both pure Arabic and [[pre-Islamic Arabic poetry]], crafted by renowned poets such as [[Imru' al-Qais]] and others. Continuity is emphasized instead of discontinuity between Jahiliyyah and Islam, including in areas of religion. As such, pre-Islamic ethics are seen as praiseworthy, laudatory, and the basis of Arabness. Individuals ([[hanif]]s) or entire tribes maintained the monotheism introduced by Abraham or Ishmael, and rites such as the [[Hajj]] (pilgrimage to Mecca) were maintained throughout this time period. Lists of the merits of the Arabs from this time period were written.{{Sfn|Munt|2015|p=488–489}}{{Sfn|Webb|2014|p=84–94}}{{Sfn|Webb|2016|p=258–269}} The [[Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah|Musannaf]] of [[Ibn Abi Shaybah]] contains a mix of positive and negative hadith about the Jahiliyyah. Positive hadith condone various unique Jahili rituals and legal practices.{{Sfn|Webb|2020|p=244–248}} Pre-Islamic or "Jahili" poets were described as being superior to contemporary poets (conversely, present-day poets were described as being inferior), and they were erected as the standards by which poets of the present day were compared to.{{Sfn|Miller|2024|p=44–45}}

== Jahiliyyah concept in contemporary theology ==
{{Further|Qutbism}}
During the 1930s, militant [[Islamism|Islamist]] movements began to increasingly assert that [[Islamic culture|Islamic civilisation]] was threatened by the encroachment of Western values. At this juncture, the concept of ''Jahiliyya'' was revived by leading Islamic scholars [[Rashid Rida|Sayyid Rashid Rida]] (d.1935 C.E/ 1354 A.H) and [[Abul A'la Maududi]] (d. 1979 C.E/ 1399 A.H); both of whom equated the modern Western culture and its values with ''Jahiliyya''. The notion was revived by prominent scholars of twentieth-century Egypt and [[South Asia]]; regions that were being impacted by increasing [[Westernization]]. These scholars saw in the doctrines of classical theologians like [[Ibn Taymiyya]] (d. 1328 C.E/ 728 A.H), [[Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya|Ibn Qayyim]] (d. 1350 C.E/ 751 A.H), [[Ibn Kathir]] (d. 1373 C.E/ 774 A.H), etc. as various remedies to the influx of foreign cultural influences.<ref name="Worth"/><ref name="Sivan 1990 101">{{Cite book |last=Sivan |first=Emmanuel |title=Radical Islam: Medieval Theology and Modern Politics |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-300-04914-5 |location=Vail-Ballou Press, Binghamton, N.Y., USA |pages=101 |chapter=Four: The Sunni revolution}}</ref>

[[Syrians|Syrian]]-[[Egyptians|Egyptian]] [[Salafi movement|Salafi]] theologian Rashid Rida was the first major 20th-century [[Islamism|Islamist]] scholar to revive Ibn Taymiyya's ideas. He described those "geographical Muslims" who nominally adhere to Islam without disavowing the man-made laws as being upon the conditioning of ''Jahiliyyah''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sivan |first=Emmanuel |title=Radical Islam: Medieval Theology and Modern Politics |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-300-04914-5 |location=Vail-Ballou Press, Binghamton, N.Y., USA |pages=101–102 |chapter=Four: The Sunni revolution}}</ref> Rida asserts in ''[[Tafsir al-Manar]]'' that the Qur’ānic verse 5:44 condemning those who don't judge by [[Sharia]] (Islamic Law) refers to:<blockquote>".. those Muslim [rulers] who introduce novel laws today and forsake the Shari'a enjoined upon them by God. . . . They thus abolish supposedly 'distasteful’ penalties such as cutting off the hands of thieves or stoning adulterers and prostitutes. They replace them with man-made laws and penalties. He who does that has undeniably become an infidel."<ref name="Sivan 1990 101"/></blockquote>

[[Abul A'la Maududi]], characterized modernity with its values, lifestyles, and political norms as the "new Jahiliyyah" which was incompatible with [[Islam]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=L. Esposito|first=John|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-19-512558-4|location=New York|page=154}}</ref> Such criticisms of modernity were taken up in the emerging anti-colonialist rhetoric, and the term gained currency in the Arab world through translations of [[Abul Ala Maududi|Maududi]]'s work.<ref name="OEIW" /> The concept of modern Jahiliyyah attained wide popularity through a 1950 work by Maududi's student [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi|Abul Hasan Nadvi]], titled ''What Did the World Lose Due to the Decline of Islam?''<ref name="OEIW" /> Expounding Maududi's views, Nadvi wrote that Muslims were to be held accountable for their predicament because they came to rely on alien, un-Islamic institutions borrowed from the West.<ref name="OEIW" />

In Egypt, [[Sayyid Qutb]] popularized the term in his influential work ''[[Ma'alim fi al-Tariq]]'' "Milestones", which included the assertion that "the Muslim community has been extinct for a few centuries."<ref>Qutb, ''Milestones'', p. 9</ref><blockquote>When a person embraced Islam during the time of the Prophet, he would immediately cut himself off from Jahiliyyah. When he stepped into the circle of Islam, he would start a new life, separating himself completely from his past life under ignorance of the Divine Law. He would look upon the deeds during his life of ignorance with mistrust and fear, with a feeling that these were impure and could not be tolerated in Islam! With this feeling, he would turn toward Islam for new guidance; and if at any time temptations overpowered him, or the old habits attracted him, or if he became lax in carrying out the injunctions of Islam, he would become restless with a sense of guilt and would feel the need to purify himself of what had happened, and would turn to the Quran to mold himself according to its guidance. — [[Sayyid Qutb]]<ref>Qutb, ''Milestones'', p. 19</ref></blockquote>

In his commentary on verse 5:50 of the Quran, Qutb wrote:<ref>William E. Shepard [https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/1647/files/294990 SAYYID QUTB'S DOCTRINE OF JAHILIYYA] Int. J. Middle East Stud. 35 (2003), 521-545.</ref>

{{blockquote|Jahiliyya [...] is the rule of humans by humans because it involves making some humans servants of others, rebelling against service to God, rejecting God's divinity (''ulahiyya'') and, in view of this rejection, ascribing divinity to some humans and serving them apart from God. [...] People—in any time and any place—are either governed by God's shari'a—entirely, without any reservations—accepting it and submitting to it, in which case they are following God's religion, or they are governed by a shari'a invented by humans, in whatever form, and accept it. In that case they are in jahiliyya [...]|author=|title=|source=}}

Qutb further wrote: "The foremost duty of Islam in this world is to depose Jahiliyyah from the leadership of man, and to take the leadership into its own hands and enforce the particular way of life which is its permanent feature.<ref>Miroslav Volf [http://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2014/03/11/3960854.htm Exclusion or Saturation? Rethinking the Place of Religion in Public Life] ABC Religion and Ethics. 2014</ref>

Use of the term for modern Muslim society is usually associated with Qutb's other radical ideas (or [[Qutbism]]) -- namely that reappearance of ''Jahiliyya'' is a result of the lack of [[Sharia]] law, without which Islam cannot exist;<ref>Qutb, ''Milestones'', p.9, 82</ref> that true Islam is a complete system with no room for any element of ''Jahiliyya'';<ref>Qutb, ''Milestones'', p.32, 47</ref> that all aspects of ''Jahiliyya'' ("manners, ideas and concepts, rules and regulations, values and criteria") are "evil and corrupt";<ref>Qutb, ''Milestones'', p.9, 132</ref> that Western and Jewish conspiracies are constantly at work to destroy Islam,<ref>Qutb, ''Milestones'', p.110-111, 114, 116</ref> etc.

The Islamist group [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] adds the concept of the [[caliphate]] to that of shariah law to insist that the Muslim world has been living in jahiliyya since the last caliphate was abolished in 1924 and will not be free of it until the caliphate is restored.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.khilafah.com/the-re-establishment-of-the-khilafah-is-an-obligation-upon-all-muslims/ |title=The Re-establishment of the Khilafah is an obligation upon all Muslims |website=khilafah.com |date=24 June 2007 |access-date=5 April 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1= Baran|first1=Zeyno |url=http://www.bits.de/public/documents/US_Terrorist_Attacks/Hizbut-ahrirIslam'sPoliticalInsurgency.pdf |title=Hizb ut-Tahrir: Islam's Political Insurgency |publisher=Nixon Center |date=December 2004 |access-date=2016-03-30 |page=18 |ref=ZBHTIPI2004}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Islam|History
}}
*[[Glossary of Islam]]
*[[Outline of Islam]]
*[[Index of Islam-related articles]]
*[[Arabic poetry]]
*[[Pre-Islamic Arabia]]
*[[Rahmanan]]
*''[[Takfir]]''
*''[[Hanif]]''
*[[Year Zero (political notion)]]
*[[Al-Dukhul and Hummel Mountains]]

==References==

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===

* {{Cite book |last=El Cheikh |first=Nadia Maria |title=Women, Islam, and Abbasid Identity |date=2015 |publisher=Harvard University Press |pages=17–37 |chapter=Hind bint ‘Utba: Prototype of the Jahiliyya and Umayyad Woman |doi=10.4159/9780674089082-001 |isbn=978-0-674-08908-2 |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.4159/9780674089082-001/html}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Halevi |first=Leor |date=2004 |title=Wailing for the Dead: The Role of Women in Early Islamic Funerals |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3600859 |journal=Past & Present |issue=183 |pages=3–39|doi=10.1093/past/183.1.3 |jstor=3600859 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite book |last1=Halverson |first1=Jeffry R. |title=Master Narratives of lslamist Extremism |last2=Goodall |first2=H.R. |last3=Corman |first3=Steven R. |date=2011 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |pages=37–48 |chapter=The Jahiliyyah |doi=10.1007/978-0-230-11723-5_4 |isbn=978-1-349-29186-1 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-230-11723-5_4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hartung |first=Jan-Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iNrBDwAAQBAJ&dq=j%C4%81hiliyya&pg=PA62 |title=A System of Life: Mawdūdī and the Ideologisation of Islam |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-936177-9 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Klasova |first=Pamela |date=2019 |title=Reacting to Muḥammad: Three Early Islamic Poets in the Kitāb al-Aghānī |url=https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/alusur/article/view/6780 |journal=Al-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā |volume=27 |pages=40–111}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Lindstedt |first=Ilkka |date=2023 |title=The Qurʾān and the Putative pre-Islamic Practice of Female Infanticide |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0005/html |journal=Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=5–29|doi=10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0005 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Nathaniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSr6EAAAQBAJ |title=The Emergence of Arabic Poetry: From Regional Identities to Islamic Canonization |date=2024 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-1-5128-2531-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Munt |first=Harry |url=https://archive.org/details/arabs-and-empires-before-islam |title=Arabs and Empires before Islam |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor-last=Fisher |editor-first=Greg |pages=434–500 |chapter=Arabic and Persian Sources for Pre-Islamic Arabia}}
* {{Cite book |last=Shepard |first=William E. |title=Encyclopedia of the Quran, Volume 1 |date=2007 |publisher=Brill |editor-last=Jane Dammen |editor-first=McAullife |pages=37–40 |chapter=Age of Ignorance}}
* {{Cite book |last=Shepard |first=William |url= |title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought |date=2013 |publisher=Princeton University Press |editor-last=Bowering |editor-first=Gehard |pages=269–270 |chapter=jāhiliyya |isbn=978-0-691-13484-0 |editor-last2=Mirza |editor-first2=Mahan |editor-last3=Crone |editor-first3=Patricia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1I0pcrFFSUC&dq=j%C4%81hiliyya&pg=PA269}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tottoli |first=Roberto |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYu0EAAAQBAJ&dq=j%C4%81hiliyya&pg=PA143 |title=The Qur'an: A Guidebook |date=2023 |publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-077132-9 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Urban |first=Elizabeth |url=https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/44136 |title=Conquered Populations in Early Islam: Non-Arabs, Slaves and the Sons of Slave Mothers |date=2020 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press|hdl=20.500.12657/44136 |isbn=978-1-4744-2322-9 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Webb |first=Peter |date=2014 |title=Al-Jāhiliyya: Uncertain Times of Uncertain Meanings |url=https://www.academia.edu/7027512 |journal=Der Islam |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=69–94|doi=10.1515/islam-2014-0005 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Webb |first=Peter |title=Imagining the Arabs: Arab Identity and the Rise of Islam |date=2016 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press}}
* {{Cite book |last=Webb |first=Peter |title=Islam at 250: Studies in Memory of G.H.A. Juynboll |date=2020 |publisher=Brill|pages=235–280|editor-last=Sijpesteijn|editor-first=Petra M.|editor-last2=Adang|editor-first2=Camilla|chapter=Cry me a Jāhiliyya: Muslim Reconstructions of Pre-Islamic Arabian Culture—A Case Study|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/43191616}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.altmuslim.com/perm.php?id=1535_0_25_0_C |title=Terrorism: A Return to Jahiliyya |author=Azam |first=Hina |work=alt.muslim |access-date=2005-12-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060320235314/http://www.altmuslim.com/perm.php?id=1535_0_25_0_C |archive-date=2006-03-20}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Al-Sharqi |first=Laila M. |date=2022 |title=Intersectionality and Transnationalism in Lailā Al-Johanī's Jāhiliyya (Age of Ignorance) |url=https://academic.oup.com/cww/article-abstract/15/3/382/6510529 |journal=Contemporary Women's Writing |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=382–401|doi=10.1093/cww/vpab040 |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite book | author=Kepel, Gilles | title=The Prophet and Pharaoh: Muslim Extremism in Egypt | publisher=Al Saqi | year=1985 | isbn=0-86356-118-7 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Khalid |first=Mohammed |date=2023 |title=Jahiliyyah Rhetoric As A Divine Legitimacy For Violence: A Study Of The Influence Of Sayyid Qutb And The Contemporary Islamist Orthodoxy Onal-Qaeda, The Taliban, And The Islamic State |url=https://www.politicsandreligionjournal.com/index.php/prj/article/view/425 |journal=Politics and Religion Journal |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=69–87|doi=10.54561/prj1701069k |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite book | author=Qutb, Sayyid | title=Milestones | publisher=Mother Mosque Foundation | year=1981 }}
*{{cite book | author=Sivan, Emmanuel | title=Radical Islam : Medieval Theology and Modern Politics | publisher=Yale University Press | year=1985}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{wiktionary-inline|jahiliyyah}}
{{Pre-Islamic Arabia}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Conversion to Islam]]
[[Category:Pre-Islamic Arabia]]
[[Category:Ignorance]]

Tanaya Narendra

2026-03-19T03:54:25Z

Amanshrbiz:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Short description|Indian sexual health educator}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tanaya Narendra Cuterus
| image = Dr. Tanaya Narendra.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Swami Vivekanand Subharti University]] (MBBS) [[University of Oxford]] (MSc)
| occupation =
| organization =
| known_for = Dr Cuterus, sexual health education, HPV vaccine awareness
| notable_works =
| website =
}}

'''Tanaya Narendra,''' popularly known as Dr Cuterus, is a doctor, Indian sexual health educator, [[Embryology|embryologist]], instagram influenzer and [[scientist]].<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-31 |title=HT Brunch Cover Story: Three Like That! |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/htbrunch-cover-story-three-like-that-101672433643972.html |access-date= |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-20 |title=These sex tips I learned from Dr. Tanaya Narendra's book are life-changing |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/these-sex-tips-i-learned-from-dr-tanaya-narendras-book-are-life-changing |access-date= |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-10 |title=Dr Cuterus: I don't think my book would have happened without my Instagram |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/lifestyle/dr-cuterus-everything-nobody-tells-you-about-your-body-book-instagram-sex-education-16137311.htm |access-date= |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref>

In the year 2022, Tanaya received the Health Influencer of the Year award from the [[IHF Council|IHW Council]], supported by [[NITI Aayog]] and [[Ayushman Bharat Yojana|Ayushman Bharat]], in recognition of her contributions to the field of public health.<ref name=":1" />

She has been recognized for her contributions to the field of public health, including being listed among the Top 100 Digital Stars by [[Forbes]] in both 2023<ref name=":2" /> and 2024,<ref name=":3" /> and being recognized as the [[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] Wellness Expert in 2023.<ref name=":4" />

==Education and career==
Narendra was born to [[Reproductive endocrinology and infertility|fertility doctors]], which exposed her to conversations about [[Sexual Health|sexual health]] from an early age.<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-05 |title=Shush No More |url=https://openthemagazine.com/art-culture/shush-no-more/ |access-date= |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> She pursued her medical studies in [[India]] and obtained an [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] degree from [[Swami Vivekanand Subharti University]], [[Meerut]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=Busting sexual health myths with Dr Cuterus |url=https://www.vogue.in/beauty/content/busting-sexual-health-myths-with-dr-cuterus |access-date= |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="planetbollywood.com">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-12 |title=Tanaya Narendra to Kavea Chavali, 6 Edutainment content creators to follow on Instagram! |url=https://planetbollywood.com/wp/news/tanaya-narendra-to-kavea-chavali-6-edutainment-content-creators-to-follow-on-instagram/ |access-date= |website=Planet Bollywood |language=en-US}}</ref> Later, she relocated to the UK to study the science of [[Assisted reproductive technology|assisted reproduction]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murti |first=Aditi |date=2020-12-12 |title=Tell Me More: Talking Sexual Health Misconceptions With Dr. Tanaya Narendra |url=https://theswaddle.com/tell-me-more-talking-sexual-health-misconceptions-and-the-politics-of-womens-health-with-dr-tanaya-narendra/ |access-date= |website=The Swaddle |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TEDxPaldi x = independently organized TED event |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/40296 |access-date= |website=www.ted.com}}</ref> She enrolled at the [[University of Oxford]] and pursued a [[Master's degree]] in [[Embryology|Clinical Embryology]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Millennial doctor, Dr Cuterus debunks myths around sex, periods and more, one question at a time |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.in/culture/story/millennial-doctor-dr-cuterus-debunks-myths-around-sex-periods-and-more-one-question-at-a-time-2750 |access-date= |website=Harper Bazar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Swaddle |first1=Murti |last2=Aditi |date=2020-12-12 |title=Tell Me More: Talking Sexual Health Misconceptions With Dr. Tanaya Narendra |url=https://theswaddle.com/tell-me-more-talking-sexual-health-misconceptions-and-the-politics-of-womens-health-with-dr-tanaya-narendra/ |access-date= |website=The Swaddle |language=en-US}}</ref> Her time in the UK also allowed her to register as a doctor in [[England]].<ref>{{Cite news |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731053948/https://www.pressreader.com/india/travel-leisure-india-south-asia/20220202/282638920985115 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/travel-leisure-india-south-asia/20220202/282638920985115 |title=Dr Tanaya Narendra |date=2 Feb 2022 |publisher=[[Travel + Leisure]] |language=en |access-date=31 July 2023 |via=[[PressReader]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-14 |title="I Talk More About Sexual Health As Opposed To Sex Itself": Dr Cuterus |url=https://www.travelandleisureasia.com/in/people/sexual-wellness-truths-with-millennial-doctor-tanaya-narendra-aka-dr-cuterus/ |access-date= |website=Travel and Leisure Asia {{!}} India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Puri |first=Ragini |date=2020-12-18 |title=dr_cuterus: Busting Myths, Informing and Normalizing Conversations on Sex and Sexual Health |url=https://stonemill.in/ombc/dr_cuterus-busting-myths-on-sex-and-sexual-health/ |access-date= |website=OMBC Healthy Baking Book Series |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-30 |title=Tanaya Narendra aka Cuterus on Important Things You Must Know About Sexual Health |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/health/cuterus-tanaya-narendra/ |access-date= |language=en-US}}</ref>

She is recognized as a Fellow of the [[Royal Society for Public Health]] (FRSPH).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-04 |title=Meet. Dr. Cuterus, The Friendly Neighbourhood Doctor Debunking Sex Myths, One Video At A Time |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/women/if-there-s-one-doctor-we-all-should-be-listening-to-it-s-dr-tanaya-aka-dr-cuterus/ |access-date= |website=ScoopWhoop |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, she started her Instagram account called ''Dr. Cuterus'',<ref name="nationalgeographic.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-17 |title=These influencers are shaping a new India—one short video at a time |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2022/08/these-influencers-are-shaping-a-new-india-one-short-video-at-a-time |access-date= |website=National Geographic |language=en-gb}}</ref> to address the misinformation surrounding sexual health on the internet. She shares informative content on various aspects of sexual health.<ref name="planetbollywood.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raja |first=Vidya |date=2021-08-11 |title='So Much More Than My Size': Dr. Cuterus on Speaking Up Against Body Shaming Brides |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/260287/viral-instagram-doctor-cuterus-tanaya-narendra-body-shaming-wedding-clothes/ |access-date= |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="nationalgeographic.co.uk"/> Narendra serves as a scientific advisor to government and non-government organizations, contributing expertise in education methods and the sexual health needs of youth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanaya Narendra Creator Stats, Biography {{!}} About Tanaya Narendra - Forbes India Digital Stars 2024 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2024-digital-stars/profile/tanaya-narendra/79 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=अवस्थी |first=शिवानी |title=Dr. Tanaya Narendra: डाॅ. क्यूटरस के नाम से मशहूर महिला डॉक्टर तोड़ रही हैं यौन स्वास्थ्य संबंधी मिथक, जानें इनके बारे में |url=https://www.amarujala.com/shakti/meet-dr-tanaya-narendra-women-health-educator-and-scientist-social-media-influencer-dr-cuterus-2024-02-15 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

She authored a book titled ‘''Dr. Cuterus- Everything Nobody Tells You About Your Body''’ which was published in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NEON |first=Quint |date=2021-08-04 |title='Felt Unwelcome, Shamed': Dr Tanaya on Her Experience at Tarun Tahiliani's Store |url=https://www.thequint.com/neon/social-buzz/influencer-shares-experience-of-body-shaming-at-tarun-tahiliani-store |access-date= |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-27 |title=Exclusive: Internet Sensation Dr Cuterus Shares How A Body Positive Approach Changes Lives |url=https://www.idiva.com/health-wellness/body-confidence/dr-tanaya-narendra-talks-about-the-importance-of-looking-beyond-weight/18031822 |access-date= |website=iDiva |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gynaecologist and sexual health educator Dr Tanaya Narendra on the need to destigmatise sex - Celebrity, Cosmopolitan India |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.in/celebrity/features/a27803/gynaecologist-and-sexual-health-educator-dr-tanaya-narendra-need |access-date= |website=Cosmopolitan India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-27 |title=Dr Tanaya Narendra |url=https://theprint.in/author/dr-tanaya-narendra/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> The book became a bestseller and has been translated into multiple languages, including a Marathi edition released in 2024.

Tanaya has spoken about the HPV vaccine on her social media platforms and has submitted a petition to the Government of India to include the vaccine in the National Immunisation Protocol.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-03 |title=Cervical cancer: HPV vaccines available, cost and age groups |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/health/story/poonam-pandey-dies-of-cervical-cancer-hpv-vaccines-available-cost-and-age-groups-2497080-2024-02-03 |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-08-28 |title=How this millennial doctor demystifies sexual, reproductive health education through Instagram |url=https://rukhmabai.com/how-this-millennial-doctor-demystifies-sexual-reproductive-health-education-through-instagram/ |access-date= |website=Rukhmabai Initiatives |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Awards and achievements==
* 2020: Sexual Health Influencer of the Year 2020 by SH24 for her contributions to [[medical education]] in the field of [[Sexual Health|sexual health]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Femina and Mamaearth Beautiful Indians 2023 Nominations: Dr Tanaya Narendra |url=https://www.femina.in/mamaearth-beautiful-indians-2023/goodness-stories/dr-tanaya-narendra/1378 |access-date= |website=femina.in |language=en}}</ref>
* 2020: Sexual Health Influencer of the Year 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners |url=https://sexual-health-awards.com/winners/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=SHA 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* 2021: Featured among iDiva's '50 Most Beautiful Women in India' for 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-27 |title=Exclusive: Internet Sensation Dr. Cuterus Shares How A Body Positive Approach Changes Lives |url=https://www.idiva.com/health-wellness/body-confidence/dr-tanaya-narendra-talks-about-the-importance-of-looking-beyond-weight/18031822 |access-date= |website=iDiva |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=50 Most Beautiful Women In India |url=https://www.idiva.com/50-most-beautiful-women-in-india |access-date= |website=iDiva |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* 2021: Top 25 Disruptors of India 2021 by [[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan Magazine]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-17 |title=Know More About Dr. Tanaya Narendra {{!}} IFP |url=https://ifp.world/creator/dr-tanaya-narendra/ |access-date= |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2022: Health Influencer of the Year by the [[IHF Council|IHW Council]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=ThePrint |date=2022-12-24 |title='Vajayanti' the vagina to fun trivia, new book offers an inclusive approach to sex education |url=https://theprint.in/softcover/vajayanti-the-vagina-to-fun-trivia-new-book-offers-an-inclusive-approach-to-sex-education/1278851/ |access-date= |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Episode 99: Dr. Tanaya Narendra Discusses Medical Content Creation |url=https://www.tuckeredoutwithami.com/episodes/dr-tanaya-narendra-discusses-medical-content-creation |access-date= |website=Tuckered Out With Ami Thakkar |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2023: was recognized as the [[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] Wellness Expert of 2023.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-13 |title=People Award Winners Of The ELLE Beauty Awards 2023 |url=https://elle.in/all-people-award-winners-of-the-elle-beauty-awards-2023/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2023 & 2024: Tanaya was included in Forbes Magazine's list of Top 100 Digital Stars in 2023 and 2024.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=India's Top 100 Digital Stars 2023 by Forbes India-Goat |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2023-digital-stars/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=India's Top 100 Digital Stars 2024 by Forbes India-Goat |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2024-digital-stars/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref>
* 2024: Sexual Wellness Expert Award in 2024 by Dainik Jagran.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagran Influencer and Creator Awards 2024, 1st Edition - Jagran English |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/events/influencer-creator-awards |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=English Jagran |language=en |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621063412/https://english.jagran.com/events/influencer-creator-awards |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2024: Winner of the DNA Women Achievers Awards 2024 in the Healthcare category.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sonali |title=DNA Women Achievers Awards 2024: Tanaya Narendra wins in healthcare category |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/health/report-dna-women-achievers-awards-2024-tanaya-narendra-wins-in-healthcare-category-3080449 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
* 2024: [[Businessworld]] Healthcare World 40 Under 40.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrating BW Healthcare World 40Under40 and BW Pharma World Person of the Year Award 2024 |url=https://bwhealthcareworld.com/article/celebrating-bw-healthcare-world-40under40-and-bw-pharma-world-person-of-the-year-award-2024-531745 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=BW Health |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narendra, Tanaya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Embryologists]]
[[Category:Women embryologists]]
[[Category:Educators from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]]

Bhadohi district

2026-03-15T18:38:31Z

Amanshrbiz:

{{short description|District in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhadohi district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Morva River Front.png
| image_caption = A view of Morva River in Moosilatpur village
| image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Sant Ravidas Nagar.svg
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = [[Indian Subcontinent|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Uttar Pradesh|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mirzapur division|Mirzapur]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 30 June 1994
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bhadohi]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 3
| area_total_km2 = 1,015
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,578,213
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=26 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| demographics_type2 = Demographics
| demographics2_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics2_info1 = 89.14%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Sex ratio]]
| demographics2_info2 = 902
| leader_title = [[District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = '''Shailesh Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Services|IAS]]'''
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = '''[[Sant RaviDas Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sant RaviDas Nagar]]'''
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| leader_name2 = '''[[Vinod Kumar Bind]]'''
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = UP-66
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{hlist|[[National Highway 2 (India)|NH 2]]|[[National Highway 135A (India)|NH 135A]]|[[National Highway 731B (India)|NH 731B]]}}
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| official_name = Sant Ravidas Nagar
| website = {{URL|http://bhadohi.nic.in|Official Website}}
}}

'''Bhadohi district''' is a [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].<ref name=DSH>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0967_PART_B_DCHB_SANT%20RAVIDAS%20NAGAR%20(BHADOHI).pdf|title=District Census Handbook |access-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114091551/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0967_PART_B_DCHB_SANT%20RAVIDAS%20NAGAR%20(BHADOHI).pdf |archive-date=14 November 2016|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations (Uttar Pradesh)}}</ref> It is also referred to as Sant Ravidas Nagar. It is the smallest district by area in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] which was created on June 30, 1994 by dividing western part of the district Varanasi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=How to Reach {{!}} District Bhadohi, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://bhadohi.nic.in/how-to-reach/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is surrounded by [[Varanasi district]] on east, [[Prayagraj district]] on west, [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]] north and [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]] district in south. The state capital [[Lucknow]] is distanced at 234 KM from Bhadohi.<ref name=":0" /> Its district headquarters is situated in the city of [[Gyanpur]]. The district is popularly known for carpet weaving as it is one of largest centres of Carpet Industries in India and therefore it also known as the 'Carpet City of India'. Carpets of Bhadohi have 'Geographical Indication' tag attached to it. Bhadohi has huge geographical significance and position attached to it due to its location between two culturally important and rich heritage cities of [[Prayagraj]] and [[Varanasi]].

==History==
[[File:Hariharnath Mandir, Gyanpur.jpg|thumb|Hariharnath Mandir, Gyanpur|left]]

=== Ancient period ===
{{See also|Sita Samahit Sthal}}
According to the epic [[Mahābhārata]], the [[Pandava]]s escaped from Lakshagrah through a tunnel and took shelter here at a place called Semradhnath. It is also believed that Mata [[Sita]], wife of Lord [[Rama]], lived here in the ashram of [[Valmiki|Maharshi Valmiki]] when she was abandoned by Lord Rama, and also that [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lav]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kush]] the twin sons of Lord Rama were born in this ashram only. Once, followed by fake accuses of public and Lord Rama's request to prove her purity once again Mata Sita in grief immersed herself in the lap of goddess Earth.

=== Medieval period ===
Bhadohi supposedly gets its name from ''Bhar Raj'' of the region which had Bhadohi as its capital, whose traces can be found in the names of ruined mounds and old tanks named after the Bhar rulers, a tributary of [[Kannauj]] kingdom, which in the early medieval period was included in the Kingdom of [[Jaunpur Sultanate|Jaunpur]].

During the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar, Bhadohi was made a ''dastur'' and included in the ''[[Sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]'' of [[Allahabad]].

By the fifteenth century the ''Bhar'' were overpowered by ''[[Monas Rajputs]]'' with Sagar Rai as the first head of the clan, and his grandson, Jodh Rai received it as a ''[[zamindari]] sanad'' (deed) from Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan|Shah-e-Jahan]].

However around 1750 AD due to non-payment of land revenue arrears, Raja Pratap Singh of [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]], in lieu of his paying the arrears gave the entire [[pargana]] to Balwant Singh of [[Benaras]], subsequently he received it directly under a ''sanad'' from Nawab [[Shuja-ud-Daula]] of [[Awadh]] under British influence in 1770 AD.

In 1911, Bhadohi came under first Maharaja of the newly created [[Royal House of Benares|princely state of Benares]] ruled by Maharaja Prabhu Narayan Singh and it remained with Benaras till 1947.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Human Geography (Set of 3 Vols.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJYM9F97flUC&q=Bhadohi&pg=PA107|year=2005|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=81-261-2444-X|page=107}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bayly|first=Christopher Alan |title=Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfo3AAAAIAAJ&q=bhadohi&pg=PA103|year=1988|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=0-521-31054-7|page=103}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Background of Bhadohi Carpet Industry|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/110774/9/12_chapter3.pdf|website=Shodhganga}}</ref>

=== Saint Ravidas ===
Sant [[Ravidas|Ravi Das]], known as Raidas also, was one of the twelve pupils of Saint [[Ramananda|Ramanand]]. The devotee of ‘Nirgun Brahama’. Raidas never discriminated between [[Hindus]] and [[Muslims]]. He established the ‘[[Ravidassia|Raidasi Sampradaya]]’. The region is also linked with Sant Ravidas, after whom the district has been given the name Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi).<ref name="DSH" />

===Modern period===
Bhadohi was created on 30 June 1994 as the 65th district of the State. It was part of [[Varanasi]] district prior to its creation.

The [[Mayawati]] government changed this district's name from Bhadohi to Sant Ravidas Nagar (S.R.N.). The [[Akhilesh Yadav]] government resolved on 6 December 2014 to change the name back to Bhadohi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sant Ravidas Nagar district to be renamed as Bhadohi|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sant-ravidas-nagar-district-to-be-renamed-as-bhadohi-44969.html|website=India TV|access-date=16 January 2017|date=7 December 2014}}</ref>

==Geography==
This district is situated in the plains of the [[Ganges River]], which forms the southwestern border of the district. [[Ganges River|Ganges]], [[Varuna River|Varuna]] and Morva are the main rivers. The district is surrounded by [[Jaunpur district]] to the north, [[Varanasi district]] to the east, [[Mirzapur district]] to the south, and [[Prayagraj district]] to the west. With an area of 1055.99 km² Bhadohi is the smallest district of Uttar Pradesh area wise. Bhoganw and Rampur are famous ghats in Bhadohi, and also there are many divine temples in Bhadohi, namely: [[Sita Samahit Sthal]] (Sitamarhi), [[Semradhnath Mahadev Dham]], Baba Harihar Nath Mandir, Baba Doodhnath Mandir, Ghopaila Devi Mandir (Gyanpur), Chakwa Mahaveer Hanuman Mandir, Baba Bade Shiv Mandir (Gopiganj), [[Bhadreshwar Mahadev Mandir]], Maa Kamakhya Dham ([[Uchetha]] Village), Baba Pandwa Nath Mandir (Kaulapur), [[Sankat Mochan Hanuman Mandir vikaiyadham]] "[[Sankat Mochan Maruti Trust Chakshridatt VikaiyaDham]] (Chakshridatt Tiwaripur), Shiv Mandir (Sundarpur), ShreeRam Mandir (Kaulapur), Shani Dham, Baba Tileshwarnath Mandir (Tilanga village), Bhadrakali temple, and [[Baba Gangeshwarnath Dham]] ([[Itahara Uparwar]] Village) Khorabeer Maharaj(Bhagavanpur) Baba KabutarNath Mandir Gopiganj Anjahi Mohal.

==Divisions==
[[File:Bhadohi 3 page-0001.jpg|thumb|365x365px|2011 Indian Census Disional Map of District Bhadohi]]
This district is divided into three [[tehsil]]s, [[Aurai Tehsil]], Bhadohi and [[Gyanpur]], and six blocks,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wikivillage.in/district/uttar-pradesh/sant-ravidas-nagar|title = wikivillage.in|last = Suraj|first = Mishra}}</ref> [[Bhadohi]], [[Suriyawan]], Gyanpur, [[Deegh]], Abholi<ref>[http://www.wikivillage.in/block/uttar-pradesh/sant-ravidas-nagar/abholi Abholi], Wikivillage.in</ref> and Aurai.<ref>[http://www.wikivillage.in/block/uttar-pradesh/sant-ravidas-nagar/aurai Aurai], Wikivillage.in</ref>

There are 1075 populated villages and 148 non-populated villages, along with 79 nyay-panchayat and 489 [[gram panchayat]]s in the district. The district has nine geographically divided police stations namely - Aurai, Bhadohi, Chauri, Durgaganj, Gopiganj, Koirauna, Gyanpur, Oonj and Suriyawan In urban area there are seven statutory Towns and four Census Town. Statutory Towns are two Nagar Palika Parishad and five Nagar Panchayats.

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,52,866|13=1911|14=2,54,175|15=1921|16=2,58,180|17=1931|18=2,76,399|19=1941|20=3,27,907|21=1951|22=3,88,471|23=1961|24=4,64,317|25=1971|26=5,57,307|27=1981|28=7,80,014|29=1991|30=10,77,633|31=2001|32=13,53,705|33=2011|34=15,78,213|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Bhadohi district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|86.70}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|12.92}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.38}}
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Bhadohi district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,578,213,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi)|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1284/download/4150/DH_2011_0967_PART_A_DCHB_SANT_RAVIDAS_NAGAR_BHADOHI.pdf|access-date= |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon 1,576,665
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Hawaii 1,360,301
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 320th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert| 1531 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.81%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Bhadohi has a [[sex ratio]] of 950 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 89.14%. 14.53% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 22.37% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===
{{pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Bhadohi district (2011)<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10224/download/13336/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 66.38 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value2 = 18.34 |color2 = gold
|label3 = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] |value3 = 13.01 |color3 = indianred
|label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 2.17 |color4 = green
|label5 = Others |value5 =0.1 |color5 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 66.38

{| class="wikitable"
!Tehsil
!Hindi
!Awadhi
!Bhojpuri
!Urdu
|-
|[[Bhadohi]]
|70.52%
|14.26%
|10.29%
|4.79%
|-
|[[Gyanpur]]
|75.50%
|18.83%
|4.99%
|0.58%
|-
|[[Aurai Tehsil|Aurai]]
|49.32%
|3.92%
|45.9%
|0.82%
|}

== Economy ==
=== Bhadohi carpets ===

[[File:A carpet seller in Jaipur.jpg|thumb|140px|left|A carpet seller in [[Gopiganj]], Bhadohi, [[India]]]]

Carpet weaving in Bhadohi-Mirzapur region dates back to the 16th century, during the reign of [[Mughal Emperor]], [[Akbar]]<ref name=DSH/> and is believed to have established when centuries ago, some Iranian master weavers stopped at Madhosingh village, near [[Khamaria]], in Bhadohi while travelling in India, and subsequently set up looms here.<ref name="to"/>

The present day Bhadohi district is biggest carpet manufacturing centres in India, most known for its hand-knotted carpet. While the Mirzapur-Bhadohi region has the largest number of weavers involved in handmade carpet weaving cluster, engaging around 3.2 million people in the industry, Bhadohi alone employs 2.2 million rural artisans in its 100 percent export-oriented industry.<ref name=DSH/> Bhadohi based organisations account for about 75% of the Rs 44 billion of total carpet exports from India, The annual turnover of carpet exports from Bhadohi was Rs 25 billion (approx) in 2010.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

In 2010, the carpets of the region received the [[Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag, which means carpets manufactured in nine districts of the region, Bhadohi, [[Mirzapur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Ghazipur]], [[Sonebhadra]], [[Kaushambi district|Kaushambi]], [[Allahabad]], [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] and [[Chandauli]] would be tagged with 'handmade carpet of Bhadohi'. Most of the production is aimed at foreign countries.<ref name="to">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-09/varanasi/28226568_1_bhadohi-mirzapur-bhadohi-carpet-carpet-manufacturers-association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105034702/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-09/varanasi/28226568_1_bhadohi-mirzapur-bhadohi-carpet-carpet-manufacturers-association|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 November 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Famed Bhadohi carpet gets GI tag|date=9 September 2010}}</ref>

Well-known carpet types from Bhadohi include cotton Dhurries, Chhapra Mir carpets, Abusan, Persian, Loribaft, Indo Gabbeh but also Nepalese carpets and more recent shaggy type carpets.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} They are manufactured in various qualities.

Bhadohi received a major boost in November 2018 as the government has extended the 'export excellence' tag to it. Under the 'Towns of Export Excellence' tag, carpet makers of the city will get financial assistance from the central government to procure modern machines, improve export infrastructure, and organise fairs and exhibitions in different parts of the world to attract global buyers. Bhadohi will be the 37th town in India to get this status. The tag would help put the carpet city on the world map.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

== Notable Personalities from Bhadohi ==

* [[Rinku Singh (baseball)|Rinku Singh Rajput]]- Wrestler (WWE)
* [[Shivam Dube]] - Cricketer
* [[Yashasvi Jaiswal|Yashashvi Jaiswal]] - Cricketer
* [[Rangnath Mishra]]- Politician
* [[Jameel Khan]] - Actor
* [[Ramyatna Shukla]]- Scholar
* [[Kapil Deva Dvivedi]]- Scholar
* [[Shyam Dhar Mishra|Shyamdhar Mishra]] - Politician
* B.D Mishra (Ex-Lieutenant governor)
* Gorakhnath Pandey -Politician

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://bhadohi.nic.in}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhHVsRllcEE YouTube: Sita Samahit Sthal], notable temple

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bhadohi district
|North = [[Jaunpur district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Varanasi district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Mirzapur district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Prayagraj district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Bhadohi district}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Mirzapur Division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25|20|24|N|82|28|12|E|region:IN-UP_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Bhadohi district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]

Sasivadane

2026-03-12T02:56:17Z

Amanshrbiz: started a pg...

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu film by Sai Mohan Ubbana}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Sasivadane.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sai Mohan Ubbana
| writer = Sai Mohan Ubbana
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = {{plain list|
* Ahiteja Bellamkonda
* Abhilash Reddy Godala
}}
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Rakshit Atluri]]
* [[Komalee Prasad]]
}}
| cinematography = Saikumar Daara
| editing = [[Garry BH]]
| music = '''Score''' [[Anudeep Dev]] '''Songs''' Anudeep Dev Saravana Vasudevan
| studio = AG Film Company
| released = {{Film date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Sasivadane''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Action film|action]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by Sai Mohan Ubbana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=D. C. |date=2025-10-05 |title=Sasivadane a clean film without any vulgarity: Rakshit Atluri |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sasivadane-wont-disappoint-anybody-producer-ahiteja-bellamkond-1908067 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> It stars [[Rakshit Atluri]] and [[Komalee Prasad]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pulagam |first=Satya |date=2025-10-10 |title='శశివదనే' రివ్యూ: గోదావరి నేపథ్యంలో రక్షిత్, కోమలీ ప్రేమకథ - సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-sasivadane-review-in-telugu-rakshit-atluri-komalee-prasad-sriman-starring-love-story-sasivadane-movie-critics-review-rating-223117 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=ABP Desam |language=te}}</ref>

The film was released on 10 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2025-08-19 |title=Sasivadane to release on October 10, 2025 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/sasivadane-to-release-on-october-10-2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Raghava (Rakshit Atluri) is a carefree young man from a peaceful village in the Godavari region, living with his widowed father and preparing to leave for his postgraduate studies. His life takes a turn when he meets Sasi (Komalee Prasad), a gentle and reserved girl from a nearby family. Their meetings gradually blossom into a sincere and affectionate romance, set against the serene rural backdrop.

However, their love soon meets strong opposition. Vasanth (Deepak Prince), a powerful and aggressive relative of Sasi, becomes obsessed with marrying her. Unable to accept Sasi’s feelings for Raghava, he uses intimidation, manipulation, and family pressure to force her into submission. As tension grows, Raghava finds himself drawn into a dangerous conflict where love, honour, and personal freedom are at stake.

Despite multiple threats and attempts to separate them, Raghava remains determined to protect Sasi and stand up for their relationship. The story moves toward an emotionally intense climax as Raghava confronts the forces trying to control their lives.

Whether the couple overcomes the violence and social barriers surrounding them forms the emotional crux of Sasivadane, a tale of love tested by circumstance, ego, and power.

== Cast ==
* [[Rakshit Atluri]] as Gudipudi Raghava
* [[Komalee Prasad]] as Bellamkonda Sasi
* [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] as Raghava's father
* Mahesh Achanta
* Deepak Vasanth Kumar
* Praveen Yandamuri
* Jabardasth Bobby

== Music ==
The background score is composed by [[Anudeep Dev]]. The soundtrack is composed by Anudeep Dev and Saravana Vasudevan.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_music =
| title1 = Sasivadane Title Song
| length1 = 3:40
| lyrics1 = Kittu Vissapragada
| music1 = Saravana Vasudevan
| extra1 = [[Haricharan]], [[Chinmayi Sripada]]
| title2 = DJ Pilla
| length2 = 3:29
| lyrics2 = Kittu Vissapragada
| music2 = Saravana Vasudevan
| extra2 = Vaisagh
| title3 = Emito Emito
| length3 = 3:10
| lyrics3 = Karunakar Adigarla
| music3 = Saravana Vasudevan
| extra3 = [[P V N S Rohit]]
| title4 = Vethika Ninnila
| length4 = 3:15
| lyrics4 = Kittu Vissapragada
| music4 = Saravana Vasudevan
| extra4 = Satya Yamini
| title5 = Godari Atu Vaipo
| length5 = 3:03
| lyrics5 = Kittu Vissapragada
| music5 = [[Anudeep Dev]]
| extra5 = Anudeep Dev
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Sasivadane'' was released on 10 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-08-18 |title=Rakshit Alluri-Komalee Prasad's Sasivadane gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Aug/18/rakshit-alluri-komalee-prasads-sasivadane-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Eenadu]]'' praised the lead cast performances while being critical towards screenplay and narration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sasivadane Review: రివ్యూ: శశివదనే.. రక్షిత్‌, కోమలి రొమాంటిక్‌ డ్రామా ఎలా ఉంది? |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/sasivadane-review-in-telugu/0203/125185793 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref> [[NTV (India)|NTV]] rated it 2.5 out of 5 and praised the dialogues, and cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2025-10-10 |title=Sasivadane Movie Review: శశివదనే రివ్యూ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/sasivadane-movie-review-telugu-film-rakshit-atluri-komalee-876474.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15440658|Sasivadane}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2025 action drama films]]
[[Category:2020s romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Konaseema]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in the 2010s]]
[[Category:Telugu-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language action drama films]]

Jomol

2026-03-11T23:47:27Z

Amanshrbiz: quick adjusted section for clarity per sources

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jomol
| image =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Jomol John
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kodenchery]], [[Kozhikode]], Kerala
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| othername =
| citizenship =
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Actress
* dancer
* dubbing artist
}}
| yearsactive = 1989–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Chandrashekar Pillai|2002}}
| children = 2
| parents =
}}

'''Jomol''', also known as '''Gauri''', is an Indian actress who predominantly appeared in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]]. She started her career as a child artist, then became a lead actress in the mid-90s.

==Career==
Jomol is an Indian actress who appeared in [[Malayalam]] films. She has had major roles in films like ''[[Niram]]'', ''[[Piriyadha Varam Vendum]]'' and ''[[Deepasthambham Mahascharyam]]''. She won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress]] and [[National Film Award - Special Mention (Feature film)|National Film Award - Special Mention]] for her role in ''[[Ennu Swantham Janakikutty]]'' (1996).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Remember Ennu Swantham Janakikutty fame Chanchal? Here's what the actress is up to these days|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/10/03/ennu-swantham-janakikutty-actress-chanchal-new-pics-family.html|access-date=2021-08-02|website=OnManorama}}</ref>

In 1997, she won the [[Kerala State Film Award]] for best actress for her role in ''Ennu Swantham Janakikutty'' and also a special jury mention from the [[National Film Awards]]. She gave voice to [[Jyothika]] in the Malayalam Film ''[[Kaathal – The Core]]''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024|reason=There is no sources for this section}}

== Personal life ==
Jomol was married to Chandrashekar Pillai in 2002. She then converted to [[Hinduism]] and adopted the name Gauri. The couple have two daughters, Aarya Pillai and Aarja Pillai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2023 |title=Jomol's youthful charm shines at daughter's ''arangetram'' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/05/30/jomol-actress-daughter-arangetram.html |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=Onmanorama |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1989 || ''[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha]]'' || Young Unniyarcha || rowspan="3"| [[Child actor]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/oru-vadakkan-veeragatha-child-artist-jomol-vineeth-kumar-408696/|title=ഈ ചിത്രത്തിലെ ബാലതാരങ്ങളെ മനസിലായോ?|date=20 August 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Anagha'' || Meera || {{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}
|-
| 1992 || ''[[My Dear Muthachan]]'' || Maya || <ref>[https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam-actress-kerala-state-film-award-winner-childhood-photo-467266/ ബാലതാരമായെത്തി പിന്നീട് നായികയായി; സംസ്ഥാന പുരസ്കാര ജേതാവായ ഈ നടിയെ മനസ്സി]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5"| 1998 || ''[[Sneham (1998 film)|Sneham]]'' || Manikutty || || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pitied-and-desexualised-how-malayalam-cinema-has-portrayed-people-disability-101614 | title=Pitied and desexualised: How Malayalam cinema has portrayed people with disability|work=The News Minute|date=11 May 2019|access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Punjabi House]]'' || Sujatha || || rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2017/jun/20/location-diaries-the-joy-of-winning-awards-680.html|title=Location Diaries: Jomol and the joy of winning awards|first=Shevlin|last=Sebastian|date=20 June 2017|access-date=30 May 2022|work=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mayilpeelikkavu]]'' || Gayathri/ Kuttimani ||
|-
| ''[[Ennu Swantham Janakikutty]]'' || Janakikutty || [[National Film Award – Special Mention (Feature Film)|National Film Award – Special Mention]] [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress]] || <ref name="45thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/72_45thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=State Film Awards (1991–99)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234157/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards3.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards3.htm|publisher=[[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]]|access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''Chitrashalabham'' || Deepa || ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|1999||''[[Niram]]'' || Varsha || || {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
|-
|''[[Ustaad (1999 film)|Ustaad]]'' ||Zarina|| [[Cameo appearance]] ||
|-
| ''[[Deepasthambham Mahascharyam]]'' || Indu || || {{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
|rowspan="4"|2000|| ''[[Arayannangalude Veedu]]'' || Suja || ||
|-
| ''[[Snegithiye]]'' || Savithri||[[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ||
|-
|''[[Melevaryathe Malakhakkuttikal]]'' || Gopika Variyar|| ||
|-
| ''[[Sayahnam]]''|| Volga || ||
|-
|2001|| ''[[Piriyadha Varam Vendum]]''|| Sneha||[[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2002|| ''Thilakam''|| Geetha|| ||
|-
| ''[[Puthooramputhri Unniyarcha]]'' ||Kanni|| ||
|-
| 2003 ||''[[Thillana Thillana]]''|| Malavika|| ||
|-
|2007|| ''[[Raakilipattu]]''|| Savithri|| ||
|-
|2017||''[[Careful (2017 film)|Careful]]''||Suja|| ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/careful-review-an-easy-one-time-watch-review-malayalam-rf3jIteejjfed.html|title=Review : Careful review: An easy one time watch (2017)|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=21 April 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150718/http://www.sify.com/movies/careful-review-an-easy-one-time-watch-review-malayalam-rf3jIteejjfed.html|archivedate=15 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Jai Ganesh (film)|Jai Ganesh]]'' || Adv. Parvathy Marar || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unni Mukundan's Jai Ganesha first look is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/nov/16/unni-mukundans-jai-ganesha-firstlook-is-out-49605.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=16 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===As a Dubbing Artist===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:25%"
! scope="col" style="width:5%" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:25%" | Artist
! scope="col" style="width:25%" | Film
|-
|2023||[[Jyothika]]||[[Kaathal - The Core]]
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !!Channel!!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001||Onasadya|| rowspan="2" |Host|| [[Kairali TV]]||
|-
|Onavisheshangalumayee|| [[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2005||Ellam Mayajalam||Manasa|| rowspan="2" |[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]|| TV debut
|-
|2005-2006||Sahadharmini||Thamara||
|-
|2006-2007||Koodevide||Manasa|| rowspan="2" |[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2012||Achante Makkal||Vaiga [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]||
|-
|2016-2017 ||Malayali Veetamma||Judge|| [[Flowers (TV channel)]]||Reality show
|-
|2016 ||Thararuchi||Celebrity presenter|| [[Mazhavil Manorama]]||Cookery show
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018 ||Thrayambakam||Dancer|| [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|Sthree Sakthi||Dancer/Indulekha|| [[Asianet News]]||
|-
|2019||Comedy star season 2||Judge||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||Reality show
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022||Red Carpet|| rowspan="3" |Mentor||[[Amrita TV]]||
|-
|Star Magic||[[Flowers (TV channel)]]||
|-
|Bzinga Family Festival||[[Zee Keralam]]||
|-
|}
;Other shows as Guest
* [[Onnum Onnum Moonu]]
* JB Junction
* Varthakkappuram
* Jomolude Suvisheshangal
* Vanitha
* Thiranottam
* Katha Ithuvare
* Chat with Jomol
* I Personally
* Veettamma
* Comedy Super Nite

;
;Performances
* Alukkas Fairy Tale

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography|India|Films
}}
*{{IMDb name|0427274|Jomol}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003227/http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Jomol&limit=15 Jomol at MSI]

{{National Film Award Special Mention feature film}}
{{KeralaStateAwardForBestActress}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jomol}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Catholicism]]
[[Category:Indian former Christians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Dal

2026-03-06T06:44:24Z

Amanshrbiz: brief adjust article after review

{{Short description|Dried, split pulses used for cooking}}
{{redirect|Dhal|the shield|Dhal (shield)|text=For the Arabic letters, see [[Dāl]] or [[Ḏāl]]}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Dal
| image = 3 types of lentil.png
| caption = Lentils are a staple ingredient in cuisines from the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Clockwise from upper right: split red lentils, common green whole lentils, and [[Le Puy green lentil|Le Puy lentils]]. Whole lentils have their outer coats visible.
| alternate_name = Daal, dail, dahl, parripu, pappu, ooti, daje
| region = [[Indian subcontinent]]
| creator =
| course =
| type =
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Lentil]]s, [[pea]]s or [[bean]]s
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
| image_size = 300
}}
In [[Indian cuisine]], '''dal''' (also spelled '''daal''' or '''dhal''' <ref name="BBC Good Food - 20 Dhal recipes">{{cite news |title=20 Dhal recipes |url=https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/collection/dhal-recipes |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=[[BBC Good Food]] |publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]}}</ref> pronunciation: {{IPA|hns|d̪aːl|}}) are dried, split [[Pulse (botany)|pulses]] (e.g., [[lentil]]s, [[pea]]s, and [[bean]]s) that do not require soaking before cooking. India is the largest producer of pulses in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/india/fao-in-india/india-at-a-glance/en/#:~:text=India%20is%20the%20largest%20producer,population%20190%20million%20in%202012. |title=FAO in India |access-date=2 September 2020}}</ref> The term is also used for various [[soup]]s prepared from these pulses. These pulses are among the leading [[staple food]]s in [[South Asia|South Asian countries]], and form an important part of the [[cuisines of the Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA246 |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |last1=Davidson |first1=Alan |last2=Jaine |first2=Tom |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=246 |isbn=9780199677337 |language=en |chapter=Dal}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The word ''dāl'' (dal) derives from the [[Sanskrit]] verbal root ''dal-'' "to split",<ref>{{cite book |author=John Ayto |title=The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NoicAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA116 |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-964024-9 |page=116}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Monier |year=1899 |title=A Sanskrit–English Dictionary |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |oclc=458052227 |page=471}}</ref> which is inherited from [[Proto-Indo-European]] ''*delh₁-'' "to split, divide".<ref>Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, page 372</ref><ref>Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 114</ref><ref>
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0194</ref>

== History ==
Lentils are among the most ancient cultivated foods; they have been found in human settlements dating back to the [[Bronze Age]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/lentil-plant|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Lentil}}</ref> Researchers have dated the preparation and cooking of split dal as far back as 800–300 BC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bonappetit.com/story/what-is-dal|publisher=Bon Appetit|title=What is dal?|last1=Agrawal|first1=Chitra|date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

Dal as a staple food has been mentioned in many ancient religious texts, including the [[Yajurveda]] and the [[Mahayana Buddhist]] [[Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra]].
{{Blockquote
|text=May for me strength, righteousness, milk, sap, ghee, honey, eating and drinking in company, ploughing, rain, conquest, victory, wealth, riches, prosperity, prospering, plenteousness, lordship, much, more, fun, fuller, imperishableness, bad crops, food, freedom from hunger, rice, barley, beans, sesame, kidney beans, vetches, wheat, lentils, millet, ''Panicum miliaceum'', ''Panicum frumentaceum'', and wild rice (prosper through the sacrifice).
|source=''[[Yajurveda]], Kanda IV, Prapathaka VII, trans. [[Arthur Berriedale Keith]]''<ref>{{cite book|title=The Yajur Veda (Taittiriya Sanhita)|last1=Berriedale Keith|first1=Arthur|author-link=Arthur Berriedale Keith}}</ref>
}}
{{Blockquote
|text=Now, Mahāmati, the food I have permitted [my disciples to take] is gratifying to all wise people but is avoided by the unwise; it is productive of many merits, it keeps away many evils; and it has been prescribed by the ancient Rishis. It comprises rice, barley, wheat, kidney beans, beans, lentils, etc., [...] food prepared with these is proper food.
|source=''[[Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra]] 249–250, trans. [[D. T. Suzuki]]''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Suzuki|first1=D.T.|year=1999|author-link=D. T. Suzuki|title=''The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: A Mahāyāna Text''}}</ref>
}}

== Use ==
[[File:Vada (gare).jpg|thumb|Dal or paruppu is the main ingredient of the Indian snack [[Vada (food)|vada]].|alt=]]
[[File:Dal tadka and naan.jpg|thumb|Dal tadka and naan]]
Dal are often prepared in three different forms:
* Unhulled and whole, known as ''sabut'' ('whole' in Hindi), such as ''sabut urad dal'' or ''mung sabut'';
* Unhulled and split, known as ''chilka'' ('shell' in Hindi), such as ''chilka urad dal'' or ''mung dal chilka'';
* [[Hulled]] and split, known as ''dhuli'' ('washed' in Hindi), e.g. ''urad dhuli'', or ''mung dhuli''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/jun/13/yotam-ottolenghi-dried-bean-and-pea-recipes |title=Pulse points: Yotam Ottolenghi's dried bean and pea recipes |last1=Ottolenghi |first1=Yotam |author-link=Yotam Ottolenghi |work=The Guardian |access-date=29 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chefandherkitchen.com/2012/10/chilka-moong-dhal-split-green-lentils.html |title=Sample recipe for Chilka Urad dhal, split unhulled urad}}</ref><ref>Mehta, Nita (2006). ''Dal & Roti''. SNAB. p12. {{ISBN|978-81-86004-06-7}}.</ref>

The hulling of a pulse is intended to improve digestibility and palatability. It also affects the nutrition provided by the dish, significantly increasing protein and reducing [[dietary fiber|dietary fibre]] content.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=N. |last2=Hatcher |first2=D.W. |last3=Toews |first3=R. |last4=Gawalko |first4=E.J. |title=Influence of cooking and dehulling on nutritional composition of several varieties of lentils (''Lens culinaris'') |journal=LWT - Food Science and Technology |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=842–848 |doi=10.1016/j.lwt.2008.10.007 |year=2009 |bibcode=2009LWTFS..42..842W }}</ref> Pulses with their outer hulls intact are also quite popular in the Indian subcontinent as the main cuisine. Over 50 different varieties of pulses are known in the Indian subcontinent.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

Dal is frequently eaten with [[flatbread]]s, such as ''[[roti]]s'' or ''[[chapati]]s,'' or with rice. The latter combination is called ''[[dal bhat]]'' in [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and various other Indian languages. In addition, certain types of dal are fried, salted, and eaten as a dry snack, and a variety of savory snacks are made by frying a paste made from soaked and ground dals in different combinations, to which other ingredients, such as spices and nuts (commonly [[cashews]]) may be added.

Dal preparations are eaten with rice, [[chapati]] and [[naan]] on the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The manner in which it is cooked and presented varies by region. In South India, dal is often called "paruppu". It is primarily used to make a dish called [[Sambar (dish)|sambar]]. It is also used to make [[Telugu cuisine#Pappu (dal)|parippu]] that is mixed with [[charu]] and rice. Ground chana dal is used to make a paste called [[besan]], which is used in the preparation of many dishes including [[bhaji]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cloake |first1=Felicity |author-link=Felicity Cloake |title=How to make the perfect onion bhajis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2013/nov/13/how-to-make-perfect-onion-bhajis|work=The Guardian}}</ref> and Mediterranean dishes like [[farinata]].

=={{anchor|Tadka}}Preparation==
[[File:Dal Tadka 01 (36779549481).jpg|thumb|Dal tadka garnished with fried onion]]
Most dal recipes are quite simple to prepare. The standard preparation begins with boiling a variety of dal (or a mix) in water with some [[turmeric]], salt to taste, and then adding a fried garnish at the end of the cooking process.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jun/02/how-to-cook-perfect-dal|title=How to cook perfect dal|last1=Cloake|first1=Felicity|author-link=Felicity Cloake|work=The Guardian|date=2 June 2011 }}</ref> In some recipes, tomatoes, [[kokum]], unripe [[mango]], [[jaggery]], or other ingredients are added while cooking the dal, often to impart a sweet-sour flavour.

The fried garnish for dal goes by many names, including ''[[chaunk]]'', ''tadka/tarka'', ''bagar'', ''fodni'', and ''phoran''. The ingredients in the ''chaunk'' for each variety of dal vary by region and individual tastes. The raw spices (more commonly [[cumin seed]]s, [[mustard seed]]s, [[asafoetida]], and sometimes [[fenugreek seed]]s and dried [[chili pepper|red chili pepper]]) are first fried for a few seconds in the hot oil on medium/low heat. This is generally followed by [[ginger]], garlic, and onion, which are generally fried for 10 minutes. After the onion turns golden brown, ground spices ([[turmeric]], [[coriander]], [[chili powder|red chili powder]], [[garam masala]], etc.) are added. The ''chaunk'' is then poured over the cooked dal.

==Nutrition==
{{See also|Legume#Nutritional value}}

As the main ingredient of dal is the pulse used, it gains much of its nutritional properties from the pulse.

==Common ingredients==
* [[Pigeon pea]], i.e., yellow pigeon pea, is available either plain or oily. It is called ''toor dal'' in Hindi. It is called ''thuvaram paruppu'' in Tamil Nadu, ''thuvara parippu'' in Kerala and is the main ingredient for the dish ''[[Sambar (dish)|sambar]]''. In Karnataka, it is called ''togari bele'' and is an important ingredient in ''[[Bisi Bele Bath|bisi bele bath]]''. It is called ''kandi pappu'' in Telugu and is used in the preparation of a staple dish ''pappu charu''. It is also known as arhar dal in northern India.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* ''Chana dal'' is produced by removing the outer layer of black [[chickpeas]] and then splitting the kernel''.'' Although machines can do this, it can be done at home by soaking the whole chickpeas and removing the loose skins by rubbing. In [[Karnataka]] it is called {{Transliteration|kn|kadle bele}}. [[Chickpea#Varieties|Other varieties of chickpea]] may be used, e.g., ''[[kabuli chana|kabuli]] dal''.
* [[Yellow split peas]] are very prevalent in the Indian communities of [[Guyana]], [[Fiji]], [[Suriname]], [[Jamaica]], [[South Africa]], [[Mauritius]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], and are popular amongst Indians in the United States as well as India. There, it is referred to generically as dal and is the most popular dal. It is prepared similarly to dals found in India, but may be used in recipes. The whole dried pea is called ''matar'' or ''matar dal'' in India. The whole dried yellow pea is the main ingredient in the common [[Bengalis|Bengali]] street food ''[[ghugni]]''.
* Split [[mung bean]]s (''mung dal'') is by far the most popular in [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]] (''moog dal'', (মুগ ডাল)). It is used in parts of South India, such as in the [[Tamil cuisine|Tamil]] dish ''[[Pongal (dish)#Venn pongal|ven pongal]]''. Roasted and lightly salted or spiced mung bean is a popular snack in most parts of India.
* ''[[Vigna mungo|Urad dal]]'', sometimes referred to as "black gram", is a primary ingredient of the south Indian dishes ''[[idli]]'' and ''[[Dosa (food)|dosa]]''. It is one of the main ingredients of East Indian ([[Oriya cuisine|Odia]] and [[Bengali cuisine|Bengali]] or [[Assamese people|Assamese]]) ''[[Bori (food)|bori]]'', sun-dried dumplings. The [[Punjabi cuisine|Punjabi]] version is {{Transliteration|pa|[[dal makhani]]}}. It is called {{Transliteration|kn|uddina bele}} in Karnataka, {{Transliteration|bn|biulir dal}} in Bengali. It is rich in protein.
* ''Masoor dal:'' split red [[lentil]]s. In Karnataka, it is called ''kempu'' (red)'' togari bele''.
* ''Rajma dal'': split [[kidney bean]]s.
* ''[[Mussyang]]'' is made from dals of various colours found in various hilly regions of Nepal.
* ''[[Panchratna Dal|Panchratna dal]]'' (Hindi) ("five jewels") is a mixture of five varieties of dal, which produces a dish with a unique flavour.
* ''[[Navrangi dal]]'' is a lesser known Dal variety from Himachal Pradesh. It is mostly cultivated in Himachal and is multicoloured.
* ''Moth bean'': is an Indian dal main ingredient for popular Indian snack bikaneri bhujia and Maharashtrian snacks misal and usal.
* Pulses may be split but not hulled; they are distinguished from hulled dals by adding the word ''chilka'' (skin).

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Split Red Lentil.jpg|Split red lentil seeds
File:Tur Dal.JPG|Split [[pigeon pea]], commonly used in dal
File:Dal tadka and chapati.jpg|Dal tadka and chapati
File:A thali with daal roti bhindi ki sabzi and mango pickle.jpg|Plain dal served with roti, sauteed okra and green-mango pickle.
File:Sanna (Commons).jpg|[[Idli]]s, steamed rice and black lentil cakes
File:Dal Fry Tadka, Cumin Rice, Roasted Papad on the side.jpg|''Dal tadka'' served with rice and [[papadum|papadam]], a staple meal in the Indian subcontinent
File:Roasted Papad - Howrah 2013-11-02 4068.jpg|Fire-toasted [[papad]]s, using lentils as a major ingredient
File:Dhokla on Gujrart.jpg|[[Dhokla]], a steamed, fermented chana dal snack using lentils
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Food}}
* ''[[Dal bhat]]''
* ''[[Dal bati churma]]''
* ''[[Dal biji]]''
* [[Ezogelin soup]]
* [[Fasole bătută]]
* [[Lentil soup]]
* [[Monggo]] (Philippine version of dal)
* [[Pea soup]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |author1=Salma Husain |author2=Vijay Thukral |title=Pull of Pulses: Full of Beans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHKQtAEACAAJ |year=2018 |publisher=Niyogi |isbn=978-93-86906-19-9}}

{{Indian Dishes}}
{{Pakistani dishes}}
{{Sri Lankan cuisine}}
{{Legume dishes}}

[[Category:Andhra cuisine]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi soups and stews]]
[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]
[[Category:Bihari cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian soups and stews]]
[[Category:Indo-Caribbean cuisine]]
[[Category:Legume dishes]]
[[Category:Lentil dishes]]
[[Category:Muhajir cuisine]]
[[Category:Nepalese cuisine]]
[[Category:Pakistani soups and stews]]
[[Category:Plant common names]]
[[Category:Punjabi cuisine]]
[[Category:Rajasthani cuisine]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan legume dishes]]
[[Category:Gujarati cuisine]]
[[Category:Kutchi cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Pakistani cuisine]]
[[Category:Fijian cuisine]]
[[Category:Assamese cuisine]]

Thalattu Padava

2026-03-03T05:01:31Z

Amanshrbiz: started entry...

{{More citations needed|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thalattu Padava.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[R. Sundarrajan]]
| producer = [[Ibrahim Rowther|A. S. Ibrahim Rowther]]
| writer = R. Sundarrajan
| starring = {{ubl|[[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]]|[[Rupini]]|[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]}}
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = Rajarajan
| editing = [[B. Lenin]] [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio = Rowther Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1990|09|05}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Thalattu Padava''''' ({{Translation|Shall I sing a lullaby?}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[R. Sundarrajan]] and produced by [[Ibrahim Rowther|A. S. Ibrahim Rowther]]. The film stars [[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]], [[Rupini]] and [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]. It was released on 5 September 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thalattu padava ( 1990 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=thalattu%20padava |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130624210828/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=thalattu%20padava |archive-date=24 June 2013 |access-date=22 June 2013 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=May 2023}}
Raja lives with his mother Thayamma and he is a graduate who works as a mechanic until he finds an appropriate job. He finally gets a job in [[Delhi]]. Unfortunately, Raja misses the train in a station and his certificates, because of Narmadha, a poor [[idli]] seller. Raja must wait 4 days for the next train. Slowly, Raja and Narmadha fall in love with each other. When he returns home, his mother Thayamma becomes mute. Raja works as the car driver of a rich man Kandhasamy and his granddaughter Narmadha teases him a lot. Until she knows that he is well educated, and she falls in love with him. What transpires later forms the crux of the story.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]] as Raja
*[[Rupini]] as Narmadha
*[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] as Narmadha
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Thayamma, Raja's mother
*[[S. S. Chandran]] as Kandhasamy
*[[Senthil]]
*[[Jai Ganesh]]
*[[Rajyalakshmi]]
*Sudha
*[[K. R. Savithri]]
*MLA Thangaraj
*[[Balu Anand]]
*[[Super Subbarayan]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thalattu Padava Tamil Film LP VInyl Record by Ilayaraaja |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/thalattu-padava-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505122022/https://macsendisk.com/product/thalattu-padava-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Macsendisk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 1990 |title=Thaalattu Paadava (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/my/album/thaalattu-paadava-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1605123314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509024802/https://music.apple.com/my/album/thaalattu-paadava-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1605123314 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> The songs "Odai Kuyil" and "Neethana Neethana" attained popularity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kosalairaman |first=Muthu Vinayagam |date=5 September 2024 |title=Tamil Movies: சிவாஜி நடிப்பில் இந்தியாவின் ஆஸ்கர் என்ட்ரி..தனுஷ் ஹாட்ரிக் ஹிட்! இன்றைய தேதியில் வெளியான படங்கள் லிஸ்ட் |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/check-out-the-list-of-tamil-movies-released-on-september-5-131725501791974.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010033306/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/check-out-the-list-of-tamil-movies-released-on-september-5-131725501791974.html |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=ta}}</ref> The latter song is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] [[Keeravani]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |pages=148 |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration
!Lyricist
|-
| "Odai Kuyil" || [[Arunmozhi]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || 4:39
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|-
| "Neethana Neethana" || [[S. Janaki]], [[Arunmozhi]] || 4:31
|-
| "Sontham Endru" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || 5:03
|Ilaiyaraaja
|-
| "Varaathu Vantha" || [[Arunmozhi]], S. Janaki || 4:51
|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
| "Vennilavukku Vaanatha" || [[Arunmozhi]], S. Janaki || 4:34
| rowspan="2" |Gangai Amaran
|-
| "Ammammamma" || S. Janaki || 4:57
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{R. Sundarrajan}}

[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:1990 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by R. Sundarrajan]]
[[Category:Films produced by Ibrahim Rowther]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by R. Sundarrajan]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Nawaz Jung formula

2026-03-02T23:00:01Z

Amanshrbiz: adjusted references for clarity and fixed typos based on references

#REDIRECT [[Ali Nawaz Jung Bahadur]]

Ashoka the Hero

2026-03-02T09:21:46Z

Amanshrbiz: started a article basic info - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ashoka The Hero (2011 film).jpg
| caption = Film's official cover art
| director = Gaurav Jain
| writer = Gaurav Jain
| producer = Gautam Jain Rahul Merchant Gyanendra Jain Palak Jain
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Amol Kadam
*Deepak Kale
*Parashar Rane
*Nitin Satam
*Ravi Zade
*Naresh Bhurke
*Sanghpal Chavan
*Titus Kujur
*Sachin Pednekar
}}
| music = Justin & Uday
| studio = Illusion Interactive
| distributor = [[PVR Inox Pictures|Springboard Films]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Springboard Films to release animated feature Ashoka - The Hero|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 December 2010|access-date=2 July 2023|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/springboard-films-to-release-animated-feature-ashoka-the-hero/}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|df=y|2011|1|7}}
| runtime = 90 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Ashoka the Hero ''''' is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language [[Animation|animated film]] written and directed by Gaurav Jain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashoka The Hero: The first animated superhero film - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ashoka-the-hero-the-first-animated-superhero-film/734205/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116094756/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ashoka-the-hero-the-first-animated-superhero-film/734205/ |archive-date=2017-11-16 |access-date=2022-02-01 |website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film was promoted as Indian's first animated superhero film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2011/01/ashoka-indias-1st-animated-superhero/|title=India's 1st Animated Superhero|website=thediplomat.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/an-animated-feature-film-titled-ashoka-the-hero-has-been-set-to-release-next-month-the-film-will-showcase-indias-first-original-child-superhero-in-animation-/articleshow/7152037.cms|title=An animated feature film titled Ashoka the Hero has been set to release next month. The film will showcase India's first original child superhero in animation.|date=23 December 2010|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

== Plot ==
An eight-year-old school going boy got some hidden magical powers, and he must use them to save mankind from evils.<ref name="T">{{Cite web|title=Ashoka The Hero - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/previews/ashoka-the-hero/articleshow/7155536.cms|access-date=2022-02-02|website=The Times of India |date=24 December 2010 }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The film's soundtrack is composed by Justin-Uday and its lyrics is written by Rekha Nigam.<ref name="T"/>

=== Track listing ===
* "Here He Comes Ashoka" by [[Shibani Kashyap]]
* "Roshni Se" - Instrumental

== Release and reception ==
This film was released in theatres on 7 January 2011,<ref>https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ashoka-new-animated-hero-on-block-617945</ref> but it got 25 prints only.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ashoka The Hero - Movie - Box Office India|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=766|access-date=2022-02-01|website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

Blessy Chettiar of ''[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]]'' rated the film two out of five stars and wrote, "Ashoka makes for a light weekend watch with your child, but don’t expect to leave the theatre overwhelmed".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-move-over-superman-ashoka-the-hero-is-here-1491086|title=Review: Move over Superman, 'Ashoka the Hero' is here|first=Blessy|last=Chettiar|website=DNA India}}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] dismissed the film, refused to rate it out of five and wrote, "The animation looks dated, the movement of the figures is stodgy. Good Indian animation films are hard to come by, but an overall low standard can hardly be an excuse!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://annavetticadgoes2themovies.blogspot.com/2011/01/review-4-ashoka-hero.html|title=annavetticadgoes2themovies: REVIEW 4: ASHOKA THE HERO|first=Anna M. M.|last=Vetticad|author-link=Anna M. M. Vetticad|date=13 January 2011}}</ref>

== Box office ==
The film grossed an estimated {{INRConvert|3|l|lk=on}} at the box office, against a budget of {{INRConvert|1.5|c|lk=off}} and declared as "disaster" by [[Box Office India|boxofficeindia]].<ref name=":1" /> It earned ₹50,000 on first day, ₹1,50,000 on first weekend and a sum of ₹2,10,000 on its first week.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1806784}}

[[Category:2011 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2011 animated films]]
[[Category:Indian animated films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{2010s-animation-film-stub}}

Economy of Coimbatore

2026-02-10T09:01:11Z

Amanshrbiz: basic added structure for consistency and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
[[File:codissia-itfc.jpg|thumb|right|CODISSIA Trade Centre, Coimbatore]]

'''Economy of Coimbatore''' is heavily influenced by [[information technology]], [[engineering]] and [[textiles]]. [[Coimbatore]] is called the [[Manchester]] of South India due to its extensive [[textile industry]], and IT industry, small and medium scale enterprises. The GDP (gross domestic product) of Coimbatore is around $45 billion (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=P |first=Senthil Kumar |date=2022-10-06 |title=Coimbatore Software Company Insights |url=https://codingmart.com/coimbatore-software-company-insights/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Codingmart Technologies |language=en-US}}</ref> It is second largest city by GDP in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news|title=SME sector: Opportunities, challenges in Coimbatore|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/sme-sector-opportunities-challengescoimbatore_525889.html|access-date=9 May 2011|newspaper=CNBC-TV18|date=24 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Governor congratulates "Manchester of South India"|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EMA-AAAAIBAJ&pg=6189,9133960&dq=manchester+of+south+india+coimbatore&hl=en|access-date=9 May 2011|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=27 June 1936}}</ref> The city has four special economic zones [SEZ], ELCOT SEZ, KGISL SEZ, SPAN Venture SEZ, Aspen SEZ and at least five more SEZs are in the pipeline.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Bosch-picks-up-1-lakh-sqft-space-in-Kovai/articleshow/7506045.cms |title=Bosch picks up 1-lakh-sqft space in Kovai |publisher=Times Of India|date=2011-02-16 |access-date=2011-08-30}}</ref><ref name="Dist_glance">{{cite web |url=http://www.coimbatore.tn.nic.in/dist_glance.html |title=Coimbatore Administration - District Admin |publisher=Coimbatore.tn.nic.in |access-date=2011-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905072052/http://www.coimbatore.tn.nic.in/dist_glance.html |archive-date=5 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2010, Coimbatore ranked 15th in the list of most competitive (by business environment) [[India]]n cities.<ref name="competitive cities">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-tops-2010-ranking-of-India-s-most-competitive-city/Article1-635160.aspx |title=India - Most Competitive Cities |publisher=.hindustantimes.de |access-date=2011-05-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114155121/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-tops-2010-ranking-of-India-s-most-competitive-city/Article1-635160.aspx |archive-date=2011-01-14 }}</ref>

Coimbatore has trade associations like CODISSIA, COINDIA and COJEWEL representing industries in the city.
Coimbatore also has a {{convert|160000|sqft|m2}} trade fair ground, built in 1999. It was named COINTEC due to its hosting of INTEC (Small Industries Exhibition). The Trade Fair complex, one of the country's largest, was built in six months, and is owned by CODISSIA (Coimbatore District Small Industries Association). It is also the country's largest pillar-free hall, according to the Limca Book of Records.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080128173149/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/20/stories/2007082053110600.htm First pillar free trade complex]</ref>

==Textiles==
[[File:Lakshmi Mills old gate 2010 (1).jpg|thumb|[[Lakshmi Mills]], established in 1910 in Avinashi Road]]
Coimbatore houses a large number of small, medium and large [[textile mill]]s, along with a number of textile research institutes. The city also houses two of the Centers Of Excellences (COE) for technical textiles proposed by
[[Government of India]], namely Meditech, a medical textile research centre based at SITRA, and InduTech based in [[PSG College of Technology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://smetimes.tradeindia.com/smetimes/news/global-business/2011/Sep/30/china-to-face-power-crisis-this-winter4666440.html |title=China to face power crisis this winter |publisher=Smetimes.tradeindia.com |date=2011-09-30 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> There are several large textile mills in the city such as [[Lakshmi Mills]], [[Shiva Texyarn Limited]], [[Bannari Amman Group|Bannari Amman Spinning Mill]], SKS spinning mills, Kadri Mills, Varadharaja Textile Mill, KPR Mills, Premier Mills, world-famous micro cotton towel producers - Sharadha Terry Products etc.
[[File:Varadaraja Textiles in Coimbatore (2).JPG|thumb|A textile mill in Avinashi Road)]]
[[National Textile Corporation]] is a company owned by the Indian government has 5 Mill units in Coimbatore.

* Coimbatore Murugan Mills
* Cambodia Mills
* Coimbatore Spinning and Weaving Mill
* Pankaja Mills
* Sri Rangavilas Mills

The neighbouring town of [[Tirupur]] is home to some of Asia's largest garment manufacturing companies, exporting hosiery clothes worth more than {{INR}} 50,000 million.

==Manufacturing==

Coimbatore has a large and a diversified manufacturing sector facilitated by the presence of [[Sakthi Group]], [[Bannari Amman Group]], [[Lakshmi Machine Works]], [[Larsen & Toubro]], [[Schneider Electric]], [[General Electric]], [[Alstom]], [[ZF Friedrichshafen]], [[Mahle GmbH]], [[Konecranes]], [[Pricol]], PEEPL Automation, [[V-Guard Industries]], [[Suzlon]], [[ARGO-HYTOS]], [[Titan Company|Titan]], [[Flowserve]], [[KSB Company|KSB]], [[Makino]], [[Messer Group|Messer]], [[Gilbarco Veeder-Root]], [[Bradken]], [[Rieter]], [[VWR International]], [[Hella (company)|Hella]], [[Tube Investments of India Limited|Shanthi Gears]], [[ITC Limited]], [[ACC Limited|ACC Cements]], [[TTK Prestige]], [[Kirloskar Group]], Hirotec, ELGI Equipments, [[Roots Industries]], Salzer Electronics, Mak Controls and systems, Texmo Industries, SE Electricals, FASCO Coimbatore(Factory Automation and Solutions Company) and others. [[ITC Limited]] as huge manufacturing facility spread over 411 acre own campus and [[Larsen & Toubro]] also as huge manufacturing facility spread over 300 acre own campus. And there are more than 25,000 small, medium, large sale industries in the city. Coimbatore also has Engineering SEZ in the outskirts of city "Aspen SEZ" spread over 376 acres. CODISSIA Industrial Park is being set up at Moperipalayam nearly 260 acres and at Kallapalayam nearly 150 acres. The city already has industrial estates owned by SIDCO at Kurichi, SIDCO at Malumichampatti, Electrical & Electronics Industrial Estate at Kalapatti and Sree Suba Ganesh Industrial estate near Kovilpalayam. The large number of engineering colleges in the region producing about 50,000 engineers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20110502-coimbatore-it-sector-on-the-fast-track-745770-2011-04-21 |title=Coimbatore: IT sector on the fast track : NATION: India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2011-04-22 |access-date=2011-08-30}}</ref>

[[Lakshmi Machine Works]] is India's largest textile machinery and CNC Machine Tool manufacturers based out of Coimbatore.

===Engineering procurement and tooling===
More than 50,000 engineering units function in and around Coimbatore city. What began as a focused centre for the manufacture of textile motors in the early 1900s has today become a multidisciplinary entity that is capable of catering to voluminous demands in the international market. Tooling Divisions were incepted primarily as captive units for manufacturing houses and have become a major engineering activity in the city today. Today several such companies offer precision tooling services to global industries. The light engineering industry in the Coimbatore region also specializes in offering customized engineering solutions for diverse requirements.

===Automotive engineering and components===
[[File: CODISSIA Trade Fair Comples, Coimbatore 2014.JPG|thumb|CODISSIA Trade Fair Complex, Coimbatore 2014]]
Coimbatore has emerged as one of the most trusted outsourcing destinations for the auto component industry. Several factors have contributed to this growth, including ready availability of resources and skilled technical talent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.coimbatoreit.com/autocomponents.html |title=Connect Coimbatore |access-date=22 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426124304/http://www.coimbatoreit.com/autocomponents.html |archive-date=26 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Technical Partnerships and strategic alliances with global manufacturers have given the Coimbatore auto component industry more mileage in the international market. Today, auto majors with a growing presence in India source both major components and sub-assemblies from the city. Several international automotive manufacturers source components ranging from exhaust systems to braking systems, seating, electronic and electrical components, mechanical engine parts, body components and suspensions and radiators among others. Many auto component manufacturing companies are OE partners to multinational brands. Textool was one such company that once designed and supplied [[Sten|Sten Guns]] to the Indian Government after independence. They also developed the first in-house-designed car in the 1960s, which never saw the light of day due to the [[license raj]]. They made several prototypes until the 1990s. They successfully manufactured India's first indigenously developed diesel engines in 1972 for cars and their own [[CNC]] [[lathe]]s in 1982. Today their spin-off company, Jayem Automotives Pvt Ltd, offers R & D services to [[Tata Motors]], [[Renault]], [[Volvo]], [[Eicher Motors|Eicher]], [[Daimler AG|Daimler]], [[TVS Group|TVS]], [[Hero Motors]] and [[Robert Bosch GmbH]]. [[Maruti Suzuki]] and Tata Motors source up to 30% of their automotive components from Coimbatore. Some of the countries leading auto component makers based from in Coimbatore include Pricol, Hirotec, Craftsman Automation and Roots Industry. Apart from this [[Robert Bosch GmbH]] has a large technical centre in the city.

===Wet grinders and Home appliances===
Coimbatore has more than 700 [[wet grinder]] manufacturers with a monthly output, of 75,000 units per every 100,000 produced in India, as of 2015.<ref name="mint">{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/r8UaiAN7APhsLubxdYWgOL/Poll-code-set-to-hit-business-of-Coimbatores-wetgrinder-ma.html|title=Poll code set to hit wet grinders business|publisher=Live Mint|date=6 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/03/24/stories/2005032401051700.htm|title=thehindubusinessline.com|date=2005-03-24|publisher=[[Business Line]]|access-date=2009-09-20}}</ref> The term "Coimbatore Wet Grinder" was given a [[Geographical indication]] for wet grinders manufactured in Coimbatore in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/28/stories/2006032801840200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806023456/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/28/stories/2006032801840200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-08-06|title=Coimbatore wet grinder gets GI certification |date=2006-03-28|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2009-09-20|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Coimbatore is also home to a common facility for the manufacturers of wet grinders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/05/stories/2007080559430300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027103719/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/05/stories/2007080559430300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-27|title=hindu.com|date=2007-08-05|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2009-09-20|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

===Motor and pumps===
Coimbatore is also called as the ''Pump City of Asia'' and has played a dominant role in the agricultural sector since independence and holds a major portion of the total Indian market share. The first motor to be manufactured in India came from a small engineering shop in Coimbatore. Today, the pump and motor manufacturing sector is among the largest engineering activities in the city. The pump manufacturing industry in Coimbatore. Over the years, the city has become as well known for its pumps as it has for its textiles. Many brands in the international market are Coimbatore based companies and the quality and technical superiority of the products has helped the sector cater to both domestic and global demands. Apart from a leading presence in the water pump market, the city's manufacturing houses also specialize in the manufacture of industrial pumps. The motor and pump industry supplies over 40% of India's requirements.<ref name="cityscapeintelligence.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.cityscapeintelligence.com/document/1925+coimbatore+an+emerging+real+estate+destination|title=Coimbatore an Emerging Real Estate Destination|access-date=30 August 2011}}</ref>

=== Jewellery and gems ===
Coimbatore is one of the major gold jewellery manufacturing hubs in India, renowned for making cast jewellery and machine made jewellery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resourceinvestor.com/News/2007/8/Pages/India-s-Gems-and-Jewellery-Market-is-Glittering.aspx |title=India's Gems and Jewellery Market is Glittering - Mining Investments |publisher=Resource Investor |access-date=2011-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926235942/http://www.resourceinvestor.com/News/2007/8/Pages/India-s-Gems-and-Jewellery-Market-is-Glittering.aspx |archive-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 May 2008 |url=http://nmcc.nic.in/pdf/LABOURINTENSITY_REPORT_16May2008.pdf |title=A Study on Labour Intensity & Employment Potential of Indian Manufacturing |access-date=28 June 2015 |archive-date=25 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325181715/http://nmcc.nic.in/pdf/LABOURINTENSITY_REPORT_16May2008.pdf |website=National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council }}</ref> The city is home to about 3000 jewellery manufacturing companies and to over 40,000 goldsmiths.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/17/stories/2010081761890200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821234206/http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/17/stories/2010081761890200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-08-21 |title=Tamil Nadu / Coimbatore News : Common facilities for jewellery cluster |date=2010-08-17 |access-date=2011-08-30 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/article573945.ece |title=Cities / Coimbatore : ID card mooted for migrant workers in jewellery units |work=The Hindu |date=2010-08-16 |access-date=2011-08-30 |location=Chennai, India |first=V. S. |last=Palaniappan}}</ref> The jewellery manufacturers have an active association called Coimbatore Jewellery Manufacturers' Association, and have also jointly established Coimbatore Gem and Jewellery Industries Private Limited (Cojewel), which is a common facility with niche goldsmith machinery to be used by the members of the association.

Several jewellery retail chains like '''Emerald Jewel Industry''', [[Kirtilals|Kirtilal's]] are based in Coimbatore or have their manufacturing base in Coimbatore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/article1668723.ece |title=Business Line : Today's Paper / MARKETING : Kirtilal plans more jewellery stores in N. India |publisher=The Hindu Business Line |date=2007-09-08 |access-date=2011-08-30}}</ref> Owing to the presence of a large number of jewellery manufacturers and the strong engineering base, the city is home to a number of companies manufacturing jewellery making machinery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grotal.com/Coimbatore/Jewellery-Making-Machinery-Manufacturers-C93/ |title=Jewellery Making Machinery Manufacturers in Coimbatore |publisher=Grotal.com |access-date=2011-08-30}}</ref> The city is also a major diamond cutting centre in South India. For example, [[Kirtilals|Kirtilal's]] Jewellers alone have 5 diamond cutting and polishing centres in Coimbatore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fashionunited.in/news/apparel/kirtilal-on-an-expansion-spree-080720112229 |title=Kirtilal on an expansion spree - Apparel - news - Fashion News India, jobs, network, apparel, business |publisher=Fashionunited.in |date=2011-07-08 |access-date=2011-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326185405/http://www.fashionunited.in/news/apparel/kirtilal-on-an-expansion-spree-080720112229 |archive-date=26 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commodityonline.com/news/Indias-gold--diamond-exports-fall-by-20-15979-3-1.html |title=India's gold & diamond exports fall by 20% | www.commodityonline.com | 3 |publisher=www.commodityonline.com |date=2009-03-15 |access-date=2011-08-30}}</ref> Gold Jewellery Industrial Park is planned to be set up at Kurichi SIDCO in Coimbatore at the cost of Rs.126 crore

==Information Technology and BPO==
[[File:CHIL SEZ.jpg|thumb|IT SEZ at [[Saravanampatti]]]]

The city is the second largest software producer in Tamil Nadu, next only to Chennai. [[Information technology|IT]] and [[Business process outsourcing|BPO]] industry in the city has grown greatly with the launch of TIDEL Park Coimbatore, ELCOT IT PARK & Wipro Software Development Centre @ ELCOT SEZ. Bosch, Cognizant, NTT Data Development Centres & Indialand Techpark @ KGISL SEZ. [[KCT Tech Park|KCT TechPark]], SVB Techpark, Global Techpark, Hanudev Infopark, TICEL BioPark, Rathinam Technopark, KGISL Campus, Span Venture SEZ, ELCOT IT Park-II @ [[Neelambur]], Elysium Central and other planned IT parks in and around the city. It is ranked at<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/quickiearticleshow/3566253.cms |title=Indian cities among global outsourcing cities - retrieved on 16 April 2009 |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |access-date=2009-09-23}}</ref> 17th among the global outsourcing cities. Companies like [[Amazon.com|Amazon]], [[Accenture]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Blue Yonder]]- Subsidiary of [[Panasonic]], Birlasoft, [[Cognizant]], [[Capgemini Engineering|Capgemini]], [[Dassault Systèmes]], [[Deloitte]], [[PwC]], [[Ernst & Young]], [[Flex (company)|Flextronics]], [[IBM]], [[Tata Technologies]], [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Infosys]], [[Wipro]], [[HCL Technologies|HCL]], [[Tech Mahindra]], [[Mahindra & Mahindra|Mahindra Rise]], [[MSCI]], [[LTIMindtree]], [[Cameron International]], [[NTT DATA]], [[Harman International|Harman]]- Subsidiary of [[Samsung Electronics]], [[Moody's Analytics]], Hexaware, [[ThoughtWorks]], Tessolve, [[Applied Materials]], [[IQVIA]], [[State Street Corporation]], [[Owler]], [[UST Global]], [[Visteon]], [[VWR International]], [[EPAM Systems]], [[Zoho Corporation]], Embitel Technologies - A [[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen]] company, [[Hella (company)|Hella]] having a presence in the city. [[Cognizant]] has second largest headcount in the country with more than 16,000+ employees in the city. And [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] has one of the largest development center in Coimbatore outside Germany with 10,000 employees in the city. Software export stood more than {{INR}}15,000 crores for the financial year 2018–2019, which is second largest in the state after Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/article26660739.ece|title = சாஃப்ட்வேர் சாம்ராஜ்யம்!- வளர்ச்சிப்பாதையில் கோவை மென்பொருள் ஏற்றுமதி!}}</ref>

'''SEZ'''
*ELCOT SEZ - Government owned IT/ITS SEZ
*KGISL SEZ - Private owned IT/ITS SEZ
*SPAN SEZ - Private owned IT/ITS SEZ
*Aspen SEZ – Private owned Industrial SEZ

'''IT Parks'''

*TIDEL Park Coimbatore @ ELCOT SEZ, Peelamedu
*ELCOT IT PARK @ ELCOT SEZ, Peelamedu
*IndiaLand TechPark @ KGISL SEZ, Saravanampatti
*Global Techpark, Kalapatti
*SVB TechPark, Kurumpalayam Road
*Hanudev Infopark, Nava India
*KCT Techpark, Saravanampatti
*Rathinam Technopark, Eachanari
*KGISL Campus, Saravanampatti
*TICEL Biopark, Maruthamalai Road
*KPR Tech Park, Neelambur
*Aditya Techno Park, Saravanampatti
*L&T IT Park, L&T ByPass Road - '''Under Construction'''
*Wynfra Cypercity IT Park @ KGISL SEZ, Saravanampatti -'''Under Construction '''
*Tanny CAG Tech Park, Saravanampatti - '''Under Construction'''
*Tanny SENCO Info Park, Ottakkalmandapam - '''Planned'''
*One KPR IT Park, Neelambur - '''Planned'''
*New IT Park @ ELCOT SEZ, Peelamedu - '''Planned'''
*ELCOT IT Park, Neelambur - '''Planned'''
*Sri Shakthi Technew Park, Chinniampalayam- '''Planned'''
*Techcity, Coimbatore - '''Planned in 250 acres'''

'''Branded Co-Working Space'''
* IndiQube
* Smartworks
* WorkEZ
* Regus

==Aerospace & Defence==
Coimbatore is being selected for Defense Corridor of Tamil Nadu and State Government is planned to set up Defense & Aero Park at [[Sulur]] around 500 acres. And already major MNC's have huge manufacturing plant in the city for Aerospace & Defense products.

* [[Larsen & Toubro]] @ Malumichampatti
* [[Larsen & Toubro|L&T]] [[MBDA]] Missile Systems @ Aspen SEZ, Karumathampatti
* [[Lakshmi Machine Works]]
* [[Pricol]]
* [[Roots Industries]]

'''Aerospace & Defence related Industrial Parks'''
*Defence Industrial Park, Varapatti-380 Acres
*Aerospace Industrial Park, Sulur -200 Acres
*Dual Use Industrial Park, Annur- 1000+ Acres

==Central Government Units ==
* [[Sulur Air Force Station|Indian Air Force]] @ [[Sulur]]
* [[Indian Navy|INS Agrani]] @ Red Fields, [[Puliakulam]]
* [[Indian Army|Indian Army Regiment]] @ [[Madukkarai]]
* [[Central Reserve Police Force]] @ Thoppampatti
* [[Border Security Force]] @ [[Kittampalayam]]

==Railways & Telecommunication==

Indian Railways has Manufacturing Plant in the city for Signal & Telecommunication and it is one of the important Telecommunication manufacturing facility for Indian Railways.

*[[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway Signal & Telecom(S&T) Workshop in Podanur]]- Largest Telecom & Signal Industry among all 7 S&T across the country.

A French multinational company operating worldwide in rail transport markets having Asia's largest Component manufacturing facility in the city.
*[[Alstom]]

==Paper==

*[[ITC Limited]] has a manufacturing facility in Coimbatore for Paperboards & Speciality Paper division.

==Government Printing Press==

[[Government of India|Government of India Press, Coimbatore]] is a printing agency spread across 132.07 acre campus in Press colony at Coimbatore in the state of Tamil Nadu, which is owned and managed by the Government of India and responsible for printing national and public documents.

==Cements==
[[ACC (company)|ACC Cements]] have huge cement manufacturing plant in Coimbatore

==Poultry and food products==
Coimbatore has a large number of poultry farms and is one of the major producers of chicken, eggs and processed meat amounting to nearly 95% of the chicken meat exports from the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/tamil-nadu-poultry-industry-seeks-export-concessions/88614|title=Tamil Nadu Poultry Industry Seeks Export Concessions|access-date=28 March 2015}}</ref> Major companies include [[Suguna Foods]] and [[Shanthi Feeds]].

Coimbatore has some of the oldest flour mills in India. The large-scale flour mills, which cater to all the southern states, have a combined grinding capacity of more than 50,000 MT per month. The city houses many famous high-capacity flour mills like India Roller Flour Mills (now closed) and Coimbatore Roller Flour Mills.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grotal.com/Coimbatore/flour-mills-C93A0P1A0/ |title=Flour Mills in Coimbatore |publisher=Grotal.com |access-date=2011-09-23}}</ref>

== Retail and e-commerce ==
[[File:Brooks mall1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Brookefields Mall]]]]

There are a number of retail outlets, supermarkets and shopping malls in Coimbatore.
The city has major shopping malls include [[Brookefields Mall]], [[Fun Republic Mall (Coimbatore)|Fun Republic Mall]], [[Prozone Mall (Coimbatore)|Prozone Mall]] and Broadway Mall. Popular cinemas include [[PVR Cinemas]], [[INOX Leisure Limited|INOX]], [[Cinépolis]], [[Miraj Cinemas]], [[IMAX Corporation|IMAX]], Maharaja Multiplex and KG Cinemas. Coimbatore is already the largest non-metro city for e-commerce in South India, due to growing online shopping, e-ticketing and e-billing adaptation in the city.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

'''Malls'''
* [[Brookefields Mall]]
* [[Fun Republic Mall (Coimbatore)|Fun Republic Mall]]
* [[Prozone Mall (Coimbatore)|Prozone Mall]]
* Broadway Mall
* Alveal Fun Savvy Mall

'''Branded Cinemas'''
* The Cinema by [[PVR Cinemas]] - 6 Screens
* [[PVR Cinemas]]- 5 Screens
* [[INOX Leisure Limited|INOX]]- 9 Screens
* [[Cinépolis]] - 5 Screens
* [[Miraj Cinemas]] - 5 Screens
* Broadway Cinemas / [[Qube Cinema Technologies#EPIQ|EPIQ]] / [[IMAX Corporation|IMAX]] - 9 Screens

'''E-commerce Warehouses'''

* [[Amazon (company)|Amazon Fulfillment Center]]
* [[Flipkart|Flipkart Fulfillment Center]]
* [[TVS Supply Chain Solutions]]
* [[Multi-Modal Logistics Parks in India|Multi-Modal Logistics Parks]]- (Initial Stage)

==Hotels==

'''5-Star Hotels'''
* [[Le Méridien|Le Méridien Coimbatore]]
* [[Vivanta|Vivanta by Taj]]
* Welcomhotel by [[ITC Hotels]]
* [[Radisson Blu]]
* The Residency Towers, Coimbatore
* Merlis Hotel

'''4-Star Hotels'''
* O By Tamara
* Zone by [[The Park Hotels|The Park Hotel]]
* Zone Connect by [[The Park Hotels|The Park]]
* [[Lemon Tree Hotels]]
* [[Fairfield by Marriott]]
* M Inn Hotels (Formerly Hash Six)
* Hotel Vijay Elanza
* The Grand Regent
* IKON by Annapoorna
* Hotel Kiscol Grands
* Gokulam Park

== See also ==

* [[List of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index]]
* [[Economy of Salem, Tamil Nadu]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Coimbatore}}

[[Category:Economy of Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Economy of Tamil Nadu]]

Indian Telephone Industries

2026-02-07T22:14:38Z

Amanshrbiz: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[ITI Limited]]

Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III

2026-02-07T17:02:19Z

Amanshrbiz: cleanup formatting and improved wording based on references

{{Short description|Grand vizier of the Mughal Empire allied with the Marathas}}
{{For|other people with similar names|Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}

[[File:Ghází al-Dín Xán ʿImád al-Mulk.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Imad-ul-Mulk]]{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}

'''Feroze Jung III''' or '''Nizam Shahabuddin Muhammad Feroz Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi''' also known by his sobriquet '''Imad-ul-Mulk''', was the grand vizier of the [[Mughal Empire]].

He was the son of [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II]] and a grandson of the founder of the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]], [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I]].<ref name="beale">[[An Oriental Biographical Dictionary|An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale]];2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 143</ref> After the death of his father in 1752, he was recommended by Nawab [[Safdarjung|Safdar Jung]] to be appointed as ''[[Mir Bakhshi]]'' (Pay Master General) and received the titles of [[Amir ul-Umara]] (Noble of Nobles) and Imad ul-Mulk (Pillar of the Realm).<ref name="beale" />

A controversial figure, Imad is well known for deposing, imprisoning and blinding [[Mughal emperor]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]], assassinating emperor [[Alamgir II]], and torturing their family members including future emperor [[Shah Alam II]].

He was declared to be an apostate by various [[Islamic scholar]]s, including [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi]], and [[Durrani Empire|Durrani]] emperor [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Google books|id=MazdaWXQFuQC|p=27}}</ref>

== Early life and rise to power ==
Feroz Jung was raised under the scrutiny and austerity of his father Ghazi ud-Din, spending his days under the care of tutors and mullahs, and allowed the company of only eunuchs on Fridays. He was never allowed to mix with children of his own age or attend performances by musicians or dancing girls. He was appointed to the Mughal court by his father Feroze Jung II in 1752. The historian [[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] describes the result as a "precocious intellectual achievement...undermined by unbounded ambition and profound immorality that led to his turning on all who helped him, starting with his patron [[Safdar Jang]]."<ref name=Dalrymple2019>{{Cite book |last=Dalrymple |first=William |title=The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=2019 |isbn=9781408864371 |pages=}}</ref>{{rp|154}}

Safdar Jang, the [[Nawab of Awadh]], and ''Wazir-ul-Malik-i-Hindustan'' (Prime Minister of Hindustan), had intervened to secure Feroz Jung's estates after the death of his father and had appointed him the imperial paymaster at the age of sixteen.<ref name=Sarkar1991>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Sir Jadunath |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire, vol. 1 |year=1991 |location=New Delhi |pages=222}}</ref> The French military commander [[Jean Law de Lauriston|Jean Law]] described that Safdar Jang regarded Feroz Jung "like his own son and could scarcely have imaged that he was actually nursing a serpent at his breast."<ref name=Law2014>{{Cite book |last=Lauriston |first=Jean Law de |title=A Memoir of the Mughal Empire 1757-61 |year=2014 |location=New Delhi |pages= |translator-last=Cheema |translator-first=G.S.}}</ref>{{rp|126}}

Emperor [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] chose Feroz Jung to counter the powerful Safdar Jang. He formed a coalition with [[Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech]] and [[Qudsia Begum]], the emperor's mother to outmaneuver Safdar Jang out of the court.<ref name="HoA">{{Cite web |date=2001-09-01 |title=HISTORY OF AWADH |url=http://www.indiancoins.8m.com/awadh/AwadhHist.html#BURHANULMULK |access-date=2023-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010901224326/http://www.indiancoins.8m.com/awadh/AwadhHist.html#BURHANULMULK |archive-date=1 September 2001 }}</ref>

According to Dalrymple, in 1753, a "civil war between the old vizier and his teenage replacement raged across the suburbs of the city for six months, from March to November, with the old and new cities of Delhi held by rival factions."<ref name=Dalrymple2019 />{{rp|154}} Safdar Jang's [[Old Delhi]] stronghold was looted and destroyed, never to recover.<ref name=Dalrymple2019 />{{rp|155}} According to the Mughal historian [[Ghulam Hussain Khan]], "Old Delhi, which used to be even wealthier and populous than the new city, Shahjahanabad, was plundered and sacked so thoroughly that an infinity of people lost their consorts and children, and were totally ruined, besides numbers that were massacred."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Syed Ghulam Hussain Tabatabai |title=Seir Mutaqherin or Review of Modern Times, vol. 3 |year=1790 |location=Calcutta |pages=334}}</ref> Safdar Jang would be forced to retreat to [[Oudh State|Awadh]] and would never recover, dying less a year later, due to the "shock and grief at his fall."<ref name=Law2014/>{{rp|126}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kai |first=Manna |year=2018 |editor-last=Fleet |editor-first=Kate |editor2-last=Krämer |editor2-first=Gudrun |title=The Encyclopedia of Islam — Three |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/1158412083 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.worldcat.org |publisher=Brill |pages=110–13 |language=en}}</ref>

==De facto emperor==
[[File:Imadulmulk.jpg|thumb|Imad ul-Mulk holds a banquet]]

Imad-ul-Mulk emerged as the de facto ruler of Delhi by calling on the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] for help and instigating them to attack the [[Jats]] of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]]. The [[Marathas]] laid [[Battle of Kumher|siege]] over the Kumher fort on 1 January 1754 but were unable to overcome the resistance of [[Suraj Mal]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Pratik gupta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqYiBAAAQBAJ&dq=battle+of+kumher&pg=PA64 |title=Maratha Generals and Personalities: A gist of great personalities of Marathas |publisher=Pratik gupta |year=2014 |pages=190}}</ref> Imad-ul-Mulk had collected 1,500,000 ''dams'' but refused to pay salaries to the Mughal army and imperial officials, estranging him from the emperor.

Ahmad Shah Bahadur declared the reinstatement of Safdar Jang as his Grand Vizier and tried to remove Imad-ul-Mulk from the imperial court. This caused him to send Aqibat Mahmud to arrest the emperor and then seek an alliance with the [[Raghunath Rao]], the brother of Maratha [[Peshwa]] [[Balaji Baji Rao|Nanasabeb I]].

=== Deposing Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur ===
The Marathas, aided by [[Malhar Rao Holkar]], defeated Ahmad Shah Bahadur's army in what came to be known as [[Battle of Sikandrabad (1754)]] in May 1754 and captured members of the emperor's household, including 8,000 women.<ref name="singh">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. Natwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-bAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT51 |title=Maharaj Suraj Mal 1707–1763 |date=2012-12-03 |publisher=Rupa Publications India Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=9788129126603 |language=en}}</ref> Ahmad Shah Bahadur fled toward Delhi while the ailing Safdar Jang fled to Awadh. Imad-ul-Mulk, with the support of Raghunath Rao, proceeded to Delhi, and deposed Ahmad Shah Bahadur on 2 June 1754 and imprisoned at the [[Salimgarh Fort]] in December.<ref name="Gupta1961">{{cite book |title=Marathas and Panipat |date=1961 |publisher=Panjab University |editor=Hari Ram Gupta |pages=24}}</ref>

Imad-ul-Mulk released Prince [[Alamgir II|Aziz-ud-Din]] from prison and crowned him emperor with the [[regnal name]] '''Alamgir II'''. The 55-year-old prince had been in prison since 1714 when his father emperor [[Jahandar Shah]] was overthrown by [[Farrukhsiyar]]. He had no experience of administration or warfare, serving as another puppet Mughal emperor with all power vested with Imad-ul-Mulk. He supposedly intercepted the secret dispatches from Ahmad Shah Bahadur to Suraj Mal where the imprisoned emperor promised to aid to the Jats if they continued to hold out against the Mughal army besieging Bharatpur. Imad-ul-Mulk made peace with Suraj Mal, returned to Delhi and had Ahmad Shah Bahadur and his mother Qudsia Begum blinded with hot needles.<ref name="Deloche1991">{{cite book |author=François Xavier Wendel |title=Wendel's Memoirs on the Origin, Growth and Present State of Jat Power in Hindustan (1768) |date=1991 |publisher=Institut français de Pondichery |editor=Jean Deloche |pages=124}}</ref><ref name=Dalrymple2019 />{{rp|156}}

=== Ahmad Shah Durrani's invasion ===
{{See also|Sack of Delhi (1757)|Battle of Delhi (1757)}}
[[Durrani Empire|Afghan]] emperor [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] invaded India for the fourth time in 1756, on the invitation of [[Mughlani Begum]] to defeat [[Misl|Sikh rebels]] in Punjab. They conquered the [[Lahore]], [[Sirhind-Fategarh|Sirhind]], Delhi, [[Vrindavan]] and plundered [[Mathura]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813 |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |date=January 2005 |isbn=9781932705546 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |page=229}}</ref>

Ahmad Shah [[Sack of Delhi (1757)|occupied Delhi in January 1757]] and imprisoned emperor Alamgir II. He attempted to impose an alliance on the Mughals by marrying Hadrat Begum, the daughter of [[Muhammad Shah]], and having his son [[Timur Shah Durrani]] marry Zuhra Begum, daughter of Alamgir II. In April 1757, Ahmad Shah reinstalled Alamgir II as the titular emperor, and began his return to Afghanistan. However, actual control of Delhi was given to [[Najib-ud-Daula]], the [[Rohilla]] ''[[Mir Bakhshi]]'' of the Mughal army who had defected to support Ahmad Shah's invasion, in return for an annual tribute of 20 lakh rupees. Ahmad Shah Durrani returned to [[Kabul]], leaving his forces led by Timur Shah, consolidating themselves inside the garrisons of Lahore.

After the departure of the Afghans from Delhi, Imad-ul-Mulk, who had been paying the Marathas a tribute, invited them to remove the Rohillas from Delhi. In the ensuing [[Battle of Delhi (1757)|Battle of Delhi]], a 40,000-strong Maratha army led by Raghunath Rao expelled Najib ad-Dawlah from the city. The Marathas, now the de facto rulers of Delhi, appointed Antaji Mankeshwar as the governor and retained Alamgir II as the emperor.<ref name="delhi">[https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=marathas+in+control+of+delhi&pg=PA229 Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1BY9AAAAIAAJ&dq=the+marathas+occupied+delhi+without+difficulty&pg=PA564 The New Cambridge Modern History, Volume 4]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=maratha+had+become+the+de+facto+rulers+of+delhi&pg=PA232 History of Indian subcontinent]</ref> Imad-ul-Mulk would be declared an 'apostate' by Islamic scholars and Ahmad Shah Durrani for inviting the Hindu Marathas to defeat the Muslim Rohilla Afghans.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

=== Maratha conquest of Lahore ===
{{See also|Battle of Lahore (1759)}}
In 1758, Peshwa Raghunath Rao drove out Timur Shah Durrani and Jahan Khan out of Lahore after extracting imperial wealth from Imad-ul-Mulk. The Afghans were forced to retreat to Peshawar under the force of Maratha and Sikh attacks. The combined Maratha-Sikh force massacred the Afghan garrison, wounding Jahan Khan and killing his son. The Afghans quickly vacated the forts of [[Peshawar]] and [[Attock]] and retreated west to Afghanistan. Buoyed by success, Ragunath Rao grandiosely sacked Delhi and signalled his intention to place his brother [[Balaji Baji Rao]]'s son [[Vishwasrao]] on the Mughal throne.<ref name="Elphinstone2">{{cite book |last=Elphinstone |first=Mountstuart |url=https://archive.org/details/historyindia02elphgoog |title=History of India |publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street |year=1841 |page=276}}</ref>

=== Escape of Prince Ali Gauhar and assassination of Alamgir ===
{{quote box
| width = 25%
| quote = ''"Some ill-designing people had turned his brain, and carried him to the eastern part of the Empire, which would be the cause of much trouble and ruin to our regimes."''
| source = '''Feroze Jung III's''' letter to [[Mir Jafar]], after the escape of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] crown prince [[Shah Alam II|Ali Gauhar]].<ref>{{Google books|id=hehJAAAAcAAJ|p=123}}</ref>
}}
Imad-ul-Mulk feared that emperor Alamgir would invite Ahmad Shah Durrani or use his son, Prince [[Shah Alam II|Ali Gauhar]] to dispossess him of his newfound power. He began to plot the assassination of the emperor and members of the royal family in the winter of 1759.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Alamgir II (Mughal emperor) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/12130/Alamgir-II |access-date=2014-01-31 |date=2012-11-21}}</ref> Fearing for his life, ''[[Wali al-Ahd]]'' (crown prince) Ali Gauhar organised a milita and escaped Delhi for the [[Bengal Subah]] to strengthen his position by attempting to regain control over [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and [[Odisha]]. Imad-ud-Mulk ordered [[Mir Jafar]], the [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawab of Bengal]] to advance as far as [[Patna]] to capture or kill Ali Gauhar.

In November 1759, emperor Alamgir II was told that a pious man had come to meet him; ever so eager to meet holy men, set out immediately to meet him at Kotla Fateh Shah, he was stabbed repeatedly by [[Imad-ul-Mulk]]'s assassins. The emperor's death would be mourned throughout the empire, but particularly among the Muslim populance. Maratha Peshwa Raghunath Rao, under the influence of [[Sadashivrao Bhau]], considered abolishing the Mughal empire, and placing his son [[Vishwasrao]] on the Mughal throne by bribing or deposing Imad-ul-Mulk.<ref name="Elphinstone2"/>

Sadashivrao Bhau then personally chose [[Shah Jahan III]] as the new Mughal Emperor and began a campaign of plundering the jewels and ornaments of the Mughal imperial court; defacing Mughal mosques, tombs and shrines in Agra and Delhi, and desecrating the imperial [[Moti Masjid (Agra)|Moti Masjid]], and looting its exquisite jewelled decorations.<ref>{{cite book |author=Shaharyar M. Khan |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=jq-g5YF1QzEC |page=37 }} |title=The Begums of Bhopal: A History of the Princely State of Bhopal |date=2000-10-20 |access-date=2014-01-31}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2019}}

=== Fall from power ===
{{See also|Shah Alam II|Battle of Panipat (1761)}}
Ali Gauhar and his 30,000-strong Mughal army, were reinforced by the forces of [[Shuja-ud-Daula]], [[Najib-ud-Daula]] and Ahmad Khan Bangash. The Mughals were also joined by [[Jean Law de Lauriston]] and 200 Frenchmen, who had been waging a campaign against the British as a part of the [[Seven Years' War]]. Ali Gauhar intended to overthrow Mir Jafar and Imad-ul-Mulk by advancing toward Awadh and Patna in 1759. Forced to flee Delhi, Imad-ul-Mulk was replaced as Grand Vizier by Najib-ud-Daula after Ahmad Shah issued a ''farman'' recognising Prince Ali Gauhar as the Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Raghunath Rai |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=Z4-8Z0gqBkoC |page=17 }} |title=History |access-date=2014-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Hermann Kulke, Dietmar Rothermund |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=TPVq3ykHyH4C |page=234 }} |title=A History of India |access-date=2014-01-31}}</ref>

The defeat of Alamgir II's son-in-law, Timur Shah Durrani by the Marathas in the year 1760, provoked the wrath of Ahmad Shah Durrani, who launched a massive campaign gathering more troops than ever before. At the [[Third Battle of Panipat|Battle of Panipat]] in January 1761, a coalition of Afghan, Rohilla and Awadh troops defeated the Marathas, shattering their influence over the Mughal imperial throne and over northern India.

==Later life and death ==
According to the biography of the poet Gulzar Ibrahim, Imad-ul-Mulk was living in strained circumstances in 1780. In 1784, he formed an arrangement with the Maratha Peshwa and received [[Baoni State|Baoni]] as ''[[jagir]]''.

Subsequently, he proceeded to [[Surat]] where he passed a few years with the English and then went on the [[Hajj]]. He composed [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Rekhta]] poetry and left [[Arabic]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]] [[Ghazal]]s and a thick Persian [[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]] and a [[Masnawi]] ''Fakhria-tun_Nizam'' and ''Nalaa-e-Ny'' relating the miracles of Maulana Fakhar-ud-Din under the pen name ''Nizam''.

Under the influence of [[Sufism]], Imad-ul-Mulk abandoned political career and moved to Maharshrif, [[Chishtian]] to live with [[Noor Muhammad Maharvi]]. He poetically described Maharvi's death, ''حیف واویلا جہاں بے نور گشت'' (What a pity, where there is no light) in 1205 [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]], indicating his residence in Maharshrif until at least 1791 [[Common Era|CE]]. After Maharvi's death, Imad-ul-Mulk moved to [[Khairpur]] and died there in 1800, where his grave is located.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

His wife was the celebrated Ganna Begum, who died in 1775.

He was succeeded by his son Naser-ad-Daula as the Nawab of [[Baoni State|Baoni jagir]].

== Popular culture ==
In the 2019 [[Bollywood]] war epic [[Panipat (film)|Panipat]], the character of Imad-ul-Mulk and his role in the events leading up to the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] is portrayed by [[Mir Sarwar]].

In the TV series [[The Great Maratha]] 1994 the role was played by Jitendra Trehan.

== See also ==
* [[Hyderabad State]]
* [[Nizam]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung 03}}
[[Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century births]]
[[Category:1800 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Jalaun]]
[[Category:Grand viziers of the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:18th-century nobility]]

Mand Dograwala

2026-01-27T13:42:59Z

Amanshrbiz: quick fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mand Dograwala
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.611671|N|75.423547|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 144619
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 01822
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#PB.E2.80.94Punjab|PB]]-09
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-PB]]
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| website = {{URL|kapurthala.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mand Dograwala''' is a village in Bhulath Tehsil in [[Kapurthala district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India. It is located {{convert|10|km}} from [[Bhulath]], {{convert|27|km}} away from district headquarter [[Kapurthala]]. The village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by a [[Sarpanch]] who is an [[elected representative]] of village as per the [[constitution of India]] and [[Panchayati raj (India)]].
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=20779| title= Mand Dograwala| work=census2011.co.in | accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==List of cities near the village==
*[[Bhulath]]
*[[Kapurthala]]
*[[Phagwara]]
*[[Sultanpur Lodhi]]

==Air travel connectivity==
The closest International airport to the village is [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]].

==External links==
* [https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Listofvillagesandtowns.aspx Villages in Kapurthala]
* [https://villageinfo.in/punjab/kapurthala/kapurthala.html List of Villages in Kapurthala Tehsil]

{{Kapurthala district |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Villages in Kapurthala district]]

{{Bhulath-geo-stub}}

Hirni Falls

2026-01-27T05:57:05Z

Amanshrbiz: improve lead for consistency and fixed typos

{{short description|Waterfall in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox waterfall
| name = Hirni Falls
| photo = Jharkhand Hirni fall.jpg
| photo_caption =
| location = [[West Singhbhum]], [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]
| coords = {{Coord|22.8667|N|85.3333|E|format=dms}}<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/38/Bandgaon.html | title =Bandgaon, India Page |publisher = Falling Rain Software |access-date = 2010-04-29 }}</ref>
| elevation = {{convert|608|m}}
| type =
| height = {{convert|37|m}}
| height_longest =
| average_width =
| number_drops =
| average_flow =
| watercourse = Ramgarha River
}}
'''Hirni Falls''' is a [[waterfall]] located in [[West Singhbhum]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://chaibasa.nic.in/bandgaon.html |title = Bandgaon Block, West Singhbhum |publisher = District administration |access-date = 2010-04-29 |archive-date = 10 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090410014335/http://www.chaibasa.nic.in/bandgaon.html |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Falls==
At an edge of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Ranchi plateau|Ranchi plateau]], around Bandgaon, the Ramgarha River plunges down {{convert|37|m}} in a broad torrent as the Hirni Falls.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[John Wardle Houlton|Sir John Houlton]]|title=Bihar, the Heart of India|page=145|publisher=Orient Longmans Ltd.|date=1949}} - {{cite web|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090429/jsp/jharkhand/story_10889766.jsp | title = High and dry - Dasam drained, Hundru a trickle|author=Santosh K. Kiro |work = The Telegraph |date=29 April 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024053918/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1090429/jsp/jharkhand/story_10889766.jsp |archivedate=24 October 2012 |access-date = 11 November 2021|via=Wayback Machine }}</ref> Situated in a dense forest area, Hirni has been favoured by nature for scenic beauties.<ref name=hirni>{{cite web |url = http://www.jharkhandonline.in/TouristPlaces/Places/Ranchi.asp |title = Ranchi |website =Jharkhand Online |access-date = 2010-04-29 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20090624142505/http://www.jharkhandonline.in/TouristPlaces/Places/Ranchi.asp |archive-date = 24 June 2009 |url-status = dead|via=archive today}}</ref>

==Transport==
Hirni Falls is {{convert|20|km}} from [[Khunti]], {{convert|62|km}} from [[Ranchi]]<ref name=hirni/> and {{convert|68|km}} from [[Chaibasa]], off Ranchi-Chaibasa Road.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.indiatravelmall.com/jharkhand.shtml |title = Jharkhand |publisher = India Travel Mall |access-date = 2010-04-29 |archive-date = 18 May 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100518121614/http://www.indiatravelmall.com/jharkhand.shtml |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of waterfalls]]
*[[List of waterfalls in India]]
*[[List of waterfalls in India by height]]
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Ranchi}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{-}}

{{Hydrography of Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Waterfalls of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Waterfalls of India]]

{{Jharkhand-geo-stub}}

15th National Film Awards

2026-01-20T21:01:24Z

Amanshrbiz: quick update

{{Short description|Indian ceremony celebrating cinema of 1967}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 15
| award = National Film Awards
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best of Indian cinema in 1967
| award_org = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]
| presenting_org = [[Zakir Husain]] {{small|([[President of India]])}}
| announced_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1968|10|31}}
| presented_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1968|11|25}}
| site = [[Vigyan Bhavan]], [[New Delhi]]
| host =
| website = [http://dff.nic.in/ dff.nic.in]
| lifetime_achievement =
| best_feature = ''[[Hatey Bazarey]]''
| best_non_feature =
| most_wins = {{*}}''[[Chiriyakhana]]'' {{*}}''[[Hamraaz]]'' {{*}}''[[Upkar]]'' (2)
| last = 14th
| next = 16th
}}

The '''15th [[National Film Awards]]''', presented by [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India]] to felicitate the best of [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]] released in 1967.<ref name="15thaward">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/100_15thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=15th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725232952/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/100_15thNfacatalogue.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="National Awards Winners 1967: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1967">{{cite news|last1=The Times of India|first1=Entertainment|title=National Awards Winners 1967: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1967|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1967/108|accessdate=11 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324034914/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1967/108|archivedate=24 March 2020}}</ref> Ceremony took place at [[Vigyan Bhavan]], [[New Delhi]] on 25 November 1968 and awards were given by then [[President of India]], [[Zakir Husain]].

With 15th National Film Awards, format of awards has been changed, which includes introduction of new awards and categorisation. Unlike earlier, films then categorised into feature films and short films. Feature films awards were continued with All India Awards and Regional Awards but couple of more awards were introduced at the all India level to honour artists and technicians.

Major awards introduced for feature films starting with 15th National Film Awards includes awards for [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]], [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]], [[National Film Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]], [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]], Best Playback Singer of the Year and [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]].

Starting 15th National Film Awards, Short films had their own share of awards which introduced seven new awards for various types/genre of short films made in the country, including [[National Film Award for Best Promotional Film|Best Promotional Film]], [[National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film|Best Educational / Instructional Film]], [[National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues|Best Film on Social Documentation]] etc.

Certificate of Merit in all the categories is discontinued with 15th National Film Awards, which also led to discontinuation of second and third film/documentary, again in all the categories, except [[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film]].

== Juries ==

Six different committees were formed based on the film making sectors in India, mainly based in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] and [[Chennai|Madras]] along with the award categories. Another committee for all India level was also formed which included some of the members from regional committee. For 15th National Film Awards, central committee was headed by [[Ratan Kumar Nehru|R. K. Nehru]].<ref name="15thaward" />

* '''Jury Members: Central'''
** [[Ratan Kumar Nehru|R. K. Nehru]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[Ammu Swaminathan]]{{•}}[[Adya Rangacharya]]{{•}}Ardhendu Mukerjee{{•}}B. V. Singaracharya{{•}}Roshan Lal Malhotra{{•}}Sunder Lal Nahata{{•}}[[Jainendra Kumar]]{{•}}[[Ali Sardar Jafri]]{{•}}[[Mohammad Mujeeb|M. Mujeeb]]
* '''Jury Members: Documentary'''
** [[Padmaja Naidu]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}Muriel Wasi{{•}}J. D. Singh{{•}}[[Ram Sharan Sharma|R. S. Sharma]]{{•}}Len Chatwin
* '''Jury Members: Short Films'''
** [[Krishna Kriplani]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[Tara Ali Baig]]{{•}}Shiv S. Kapur{{•}}[[Ebrahim Alkazi]]{{•}}Usha Bhagat{{•}}Fali Bilimoria
* '''Jury Regional: Bombay'''
** V. A. Naik ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}Aloo J. Chibber{{•}}[[Anant Kanekar]]{{•}}R. Srinivasan{{•}}Ram Joshi{{•}}K. J. Khambatta{{•}}Bhanu Prasad Pandya{{•}}Pannalal Maheshwary{{•}}Sadashiv J. Row Kavi{{•}}Bany Talwar
* '''Jury Regional: Calcutta'''
** [[Sibnarayan Ray|S. N. Ray]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[Premendra Mitra]]{{•}}Rita Ray{{•}}R. P. Gupta{{•}}[[Jamuna Baruah]]{{•}}[[Sachidananda Raut Ray]]{{•}}Asim Pal{{•}}D. K. Sircar{{•}}Durgadas Mitra
* '''Jury Regional: Madras'''
** [[C. R. Pattabhiraman]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[A. N. Krishna Rao]]{{•}}[[Devaki Gopidas]]{{•}}[[K. Subramaniam]]{{•}}S. K. Nayar{{•}}[[D. V. S. Raju]]{{•}}[[T. E. Vasudevan]]{{•}}V. C. Subburaman{{•}}B. Ananthaswami{{•}}D. N. Rao

== Awards ==

Awards were divided into feature films and non-feature films.

President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film is now better known as [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]], whereas President's Gold Medal for the Best Documentary Film is analogous to today's [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film]]. For children's films, Prime Minister's Gold Medal is now given as [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]]. At the regional level, President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film is now given as National Film Award for Best Feature Film in a particular language. Certificate of Merit in all the categories is discontinued over the years.

=== Feature films ===

Feature films were awarded at All India as well as regional level. For 15th National Film Awards, a [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]] ''[[Hatey Bazarey]]'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film]], whereas a [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]] ''[[Chiriyakhana]]'' and two [[Bollywood|Hindi films]], ''[[Hamraaz]]'' and ''[[Upkar]]'' won the maximum number of awards (two). Following were the awards given in each category:<ref name="15thaward" />

==== All India Award ====

Following were the awards given:<ref name="15thaward" />

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:31%;"|Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:22%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Hatey Bazarey]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|[[Film producer|Producer]]: Asim Dutta
|Gold Medal, {{INR}}20,000 and a plaque
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[Film director|Director]]: [[Tapan Sinha]]
|{{INR}}5,000 and a plaque
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Upkar]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|Producer: R. N. Goswami
|{{INR}}5,000 and a plaque
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Manoj Kumar]]
|Silver Medal
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''[[Antony Firingee (film)|Antony Firingee]]''
|rowspan="2"|Bengali
|rowspan="2"|[[Uttam Kumar]]
|rowspan="2"|A figurine
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''[[Chiriyakhana]]''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''[[Raat Aur Din]]''
|Hindi
|[[Nargis]]
|A figurine
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] ([[Black-and-white|Black and White]])
|''[[Bambai Raat Ki Bahon Mein]]''
|Hindi
|Ramachandra
|{{INR}}5,000 and a plaque
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] ([[Color motion picture film|Color]])
|''[[Hamraaz]]''
|Hindi
|M. N. Malhotra
|{{INR}}5,000 and a plaque
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]]
|''[[Chiriyakhana]]''
|Bengali
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|{{INR}}5,000 and a plaque
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]]
|''[[Kandan Karunai]]''
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|{{INR}}5,000 and a plaque
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer of the Year]]
|''[[Upkar]]'' {{small|(For the song "[[Mere Desh Ki Dharti]]")}}
|Hindi
|[[Mahendra Kapoor]]
|A plaque
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|''[[Agniputhri]]''
|[[Malayalam]]
|[[S. L. Puram Sadanandan]]
|{{INR}}10,000
|}

==== Regional Award ====

The awards were given to the best films made in the [[Languages of India|regional languages of India]]. For feature films in [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[English language|English]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] and [[Oriya language]], President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film was not given. The producer and director of the film were awarded with {{INR}}5,000 and a Silver medal, respectively.<ref name="15thaward" />

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:90%"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:37%"|Award
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:19%"|Film
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:34%"|Awardee(s)
|-
!scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;" | Producer
!scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;" | Director
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali|Best Feature Film in Bengali]]
|''Arogya Niketan''
|Aurora Film Corp Pvt Ltd.
|Bijoy Bose
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]]
|''[[Hamraaz]]''
|[[Baldev Raj Chopra|B. R. Chopra]]
|B. R. Chopra
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada|Best Feature Film in Kannada]]
|''[[Bangarada Hoovu]]''
|B. A. Arasa Kumar
|B. A. Arasa Kumar
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]
|''[[Anveshichu Kandethiyilla]]''
|Ravi
|[[P. Bhaskaran]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|Best Feature Film in Marathi]]
|''Santh Wahate Krishnamai''
|Sahakari Chitrapath Sanstha Ltd.
|M. G. Pathak
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Oriya|Best Feature Film in Oriya]]
|''[[Arundhati (1967 film)|Arundhati]]''
|Dhiren Patnaik
|Prafulla Sengupta
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi|Best Feature Film in Punjabi]]
|''[[Satluj De Kandhe|Sutlej De Kande]]''
|P. P. Maheshwary
|P. P. Maheshwary
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Best Feature Film in Tamil]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Aalayam (film)|Aalayam]]''
|rowspan="2"|M/s. Sunbeam, Madras
|Thirumalai
|-
|Mahalingam
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]]
|''[[Sudigundalu]]''
|Chakravarthi Chitra
|[[Adurthi Subba Rao]]
|}

=== Non-Feature films ===

Following were the awards given:<ref name="15thaward" />

==== Short films ====

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:31%;"|Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:23%;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:29%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Information Film (Documentary)]]
|rowspan="2"|''India '67''
|rowspan="2"|Music only
|Producer: P. Sukhdev
|rowspan="2"|{{INR}}5,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: P. Sukhdev
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film|Best Educational / Instructional Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''Akbar''
|rowspan="2"|[[English language|English]]
|Producer: J. S. Bhownagary {{small|for [[Films Division of India|Films Division]]}}
|{{INR}}5,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Shanti S. Varma
|{{INR}}2,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues|Best Film on Social Documentation]]
|rowspan="3"|''I am 20''
|rowspan="3"|English
|Producer: J. S. Bhownagary {{small|for Films Division}}
|rowspan="2"|{{INR}}5,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Producer: K. L. Khandpur {{small|for Films Division}}
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: S. N. S. Sastry
|{{INR}}2,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Promotional Film|Best Promotional Film (Commercial)]]
|rowspan="2"|''The Brown Diamond''
|rowspan="2"|English
|Producer: M/s. Krishnaswamy Associates
|rowspan="2"|Silver Medal
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: S. Krishnaswamy
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Promotional Film|Best Promotional Film (Non-Commercial)]]
|rowspan="3"|''Sandesh''
|rowspan="3"|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|Producer: J. S. Bhownagary {{small|for Films Division}}
|rowspan="3"|Silver Medal
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Producer: K. L. Khandpur {{small|for Films Division}}
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Omprakash Sharma
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Best Experimental Film|Best Experimental Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''Through The Eyes of a Painter''
|rowspan="2"|English
|Producer: J. S. Bhownagary {{small|for Films Division}}
|{{INR}}5,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Creator: [[M. F. Husain]]
|{{INR}}2,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film|Best Animation Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''Inquiry''
|rowspan="2"|Music only
|Producer: C. T. Baptista
|rowspan="2"|{{INR}}5,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: C. T. Baptista
|}

=== Awards not given ===

Following were the awards not given as no film was found to be suitable for the award:<ref name="15thaward" />

{{colbegin}}
* [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration|Best Feature Film on National Unity and Emotional Integration]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Prime Minister's Gold Medal for the Best Children's Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Assamese|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Assamese]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in English]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Oriya|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Oriya]]
{{colend}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://dff.nic.in/Archive.aspx National Film Awards Archives]
* [https://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]

{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India) ceremonies]]
[[Category:1968 film awards|National Film Awards]]
[[Category:1968 in Indian cinema]]

2019 Indian general election in Puducherry

2026-01-18T07:32:48Z

Amanshrbiz: add citations based on references and improved wording

{{short description|Indian lower house election in Puducherry}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2019 Indian general election in Puducherry
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2014 Indian general election in Puducherry
| previous_year = 2014
| next_election = 2024 Indian general election in Puducherry
| next_year = 2024
| election_date = April 18, 2019 (2nd phase)
| seats_for_election = 1 seat
| turnout = 81.20 ({{decrease}} 0.90)
| image_size = 100px
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Vaithilingam.jpg|bSize=180|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=45|oTop=45}}
| leader1 = [[V. Vaithilingam]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]+[[Democratic Progressive Alliance|DPA]]
| last_election1 = 0
| seats1 = 1
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote1 = 4,44,981
| percentage1 = 56.27%
| swing1 = {{increase}} 29.92%
| party2 = All India N.R. Congress
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=N Rangaswamy.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=4|oTop=4}}
| leader2 = [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| alliance2 = National Democratic Alliance
| last_election2 = 1
| seats2 = 0
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 1
| popular_vote2 = 2,47,956
| percentage2 = 31.36%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 3.21%
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

The [[2019 Indian general elections]] was held in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to constitute the [[17th Lok Sabha]]. The general election in Puducherry was held on April 18, 2019. The [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]], fielded [[V. Vaithilingam]], of the [[Indian National Congress]], while the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] fielded [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]] candidate Dr. K. Narayanasamy. [[Makkal Needhi Maiam]] fielded Dr. M. A. S. Subramanian and [[Naam Tamilar Katchi]] fielded N. Sharmila Beham.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/apr/19/turnout-in-pondy--at-805-1966145.html |title=Turnout in Pondy at 80.5% |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=19 April 2019|access-date= 30 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/general-elections-phase-2-live-updates/article26871827.ece |title=General election Phase 2 - 61.12% votes cast at 5 p.m.|date=18 April 2019|access-date= 30 November 2021 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Candidates ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Constituency
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Makkal Needhi Maiam}}" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Naam Tamilar Katchi}}" |
|-
!colspan="3"|[[National Democratic Alliance|'''NDA''']]
!colspan="3"|[[United Progressive Alliance|'''UPA''']]
!colspan="3 |[[Makkal Needhi Maiam|'''MNM''']]
!colspan="3 |[[Naam Tamilar Katchi|'''NTK''']]
|-
! 1
| [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency|Puducherry]]
| {{party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
| Dr. K. Narayanaswamy
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[V. Vaithilingam]]
| {{party name with color|Makkal Needhi Maiam}}
| M. A. S. Subramaniam
| {{party name with color|Naam Tamilar Katchi}}
| N. Sharmila Beham
|-
|}

==Detailed Results==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Party Name
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| colspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 4,44,981
| 56.26
| {{increase}} 29.92
| 1
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|All India N.R. Congress}}
| colspan="3"|[[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]]
| 2,47,956
| 31.35
| {{decrease}} 3.21
| 1
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Makkal Needhi Maiam}}
| colspan="3"|[[Makkal Needhi Maiam|MNM]]
| 38,068
| 4.81
| {{steady}}
| 1
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Naam Tamilar Katchi}}
| colspan="3"|[[Naam Tamilar Katchi|NTK]]
| 22,857
| 2.89
| {{steady}}
| 1
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" | Others
| 9,073
| 1.15
| {{steady}}
| 6
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| 15,626
| 1.98
| {{steady}}
| 8
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|None of the above (India)}}
| colspan="3" | [[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
| 12,199
| 1.54
| {{steady}}
! colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
! 7,90,760
! 100%
! -
! 18
! 1
! -
|}

== Assembly Segment Wise Lead ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Assembly segments <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ceopuducherry..gov.in/pdf/Form20_GELS2019.pdf|title=Assembly segments wise Result|date=2019-05-24|access-date=2021-04-19}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
!Position in Assembly (as of 2021 election)
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
![[Indian National Congress]]
|29
|2
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}|
![[All India N.R. Congress]]
|1
|10
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
! colspan="2" |30
|}

===Constituency Wise===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="4" |Winner
! colspan="4" |Runner-up
!rowspan="2"data-sort-type="number"|Margin
|-
!#
!Name
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type="number" |Votes
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type="number" |Votes
|-
|1
|[[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,613
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|10,753
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 3,860
|-

|2
|[[Thirubuvanai Assembly constituency|Thirubhuvanai]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,050
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|11,260
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 2,790
|-

|3
|[[Ossudu Assembly constituency|Oussudu]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15,146
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|9,423
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 5,723
|-

|4
|[[Mangalam Assembly constituency|Mangalam]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,941
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|12,939
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 2,002
|-

|5
|[[Villianur Assembly constituency|Villianur]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21,124
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|7,733
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 13,391
|-

|6
|[[Ozhukarai Assembly constituency|Ozhukarai]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19,471
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|7,024
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 12,447
|-

|7
|[[Kadirgamam Assembly constituency|Kadirgamam]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,135
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|10,305
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 1,830
|-

|8
|[[Indira Nagar Assembly constituency|Indira Nagar]]
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|13,361
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,887
! style="background:{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}; color:white;" | 1,474
|-

|9
|[[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,532
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|9,194
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 1,338
|-

|10
|[[Kamaraj Nagar Assembly constituency|Kamaraj Nagar]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15,949
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|5,958
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 9,991
|-

|11
|[[Lawspet Assembly constituency|Lawspet]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,041
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|6,672
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,369
|-

|12
|[[Kalapet Assembly constituency|Kalapet]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|13,780
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|10,647
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 3,133
|-

|13
|[[Muthialpet Assembly constituency|Muthialpet]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,952
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|6,624
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 5,328
|-

|14
|[[Raj Bhavan Assembly constituency|Raj Bhavan]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,308
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|4,444
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,864
|-

|15
|[[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,430
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|6,819
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 5,611
|-

|16
|[[Orleampeth Assembly constituency|Orleampeth]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,029
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|5,433
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 5,596
|-

|17
|[[Nellithope Assembly constituency|Nellithope]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18,096
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|4,950
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 13,146
|-

|18
|[[Mudaliarpet Assembly constituency|Mudaliarpet]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,161
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|10,819
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 342
|-

|19
|[[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|16,757
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|9,609
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,148
|-

|20
|[[Manavely Assembly constituency|Manavely]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15,310
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|9,736
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 5,574
|-

|21
|[[Embalam Assembly constituency|Embalam]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17,047
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|9,850
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,197
|-

|22
|[[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|16,659
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|8,962
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,697
|-

|23
|[[Bahour Assembly constituency|Bahour]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,634
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|10,607
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 1,027
|-

|24
|[[Nedungadu Assembly constituency|Nedungadu]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|16,254
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|6,399
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 9,855
|-

|25
|[[Thirunallar Assembly constituency|Thirunallar]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,799
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|7,734
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,065
|-

|26
|[[Karaikal North Assembly constituency|Karaikal North]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15,326
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|7,429
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,897
|-

|27
|[[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17,181
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|3,439
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 13,742
|-

|28
|[[Neravy T. R. Pattinam Assembly constituency|Neravy T.R. Pattinam]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,735
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|6,278
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 8,457
|-

|29
|[[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,721
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|4,746
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,975
|-

|30
|[[Yanam Assembly constituency|Yanam]]
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21,578
|K. Narayanaswamy
|{{Party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|8,697
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 12,881
|-

|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian general election, 2019}}

[[Category:Indian general elections in Puducherry]]
[[Category:2019 Indian general election by state or union territory|Puducherry]]
[[Category:2010s in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-election-stub}}

Mumbai Central–Nandurbar Express

2026-01-14T09:16:21Z

Amanshrbiz: started a entry!

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Borivali-Nandurbar Express
| logo = Mumbai Central - Nandurbar Express.jpg
| caption = Borivali-Nandurbar Express train board
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale = [[Maharashtra]] & [[Gujarat]]
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Borivali}} (BVI)
| stops = 42
| end = {{rws|Nandurbar}} (NDB)
| distance = {{convert|383|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 10hrs 43mins
| frequency = Daily
| class = [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Sleeper class]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|General Unreserved]]
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = Rake sharing with 19417 / 19418 [[Mumbai Central-Ahmedabad Express|Borivali-Ahmedabad Express]]
| entertainment =
| baggage = Below the seats
| otherfacilities = [[Railway Mail Service]]
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 19425 / 19426
| speed = {{cvt|36|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 19425 / 19426 '''Borivali-Nandurbar Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train of the Indian Railways connecting {{rws|Borivali}} in [[Maharashtra]] and {{rws|Nandurbar}} of [[Maharashtra]]. It is currently being operated with 19425/19426 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/6912| title=19425/Mumbai Central - Nandurbar Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/2848| title=19426/Nandurbar - Mumbai Central Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/2-wagons-of-goods-train-catch-fire-in-maharashtra-s-dahanu-traffic-hit/story-fdQlxHafphT5hgpALEGzlN.html| title=Traffic restored on Mumbai-Ahmedabad line 13 hours after goods train fire near Dahanu| website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://zeenews.india.com/mumbai/mumbai-braces-for-11-hour-western-railway-block-for-delisle-overbridge-demolition-over-200-trains-to-be-affected-2176468.html| title=Mumbai braces for 11-hour Western Railway block; Over 200 trains to be affected| website=Zee News}}</ref>

== Service==

The 19425 '''Borivali - Nandurbar Express''' has average speed of 36 km/h and covers 383 km in 10 hrs 43 mins.

The 19426 '''Nandurbar - Borivali Express''' has average speed of 38 km/h and covers 383 km in 10 hrs 30 mins.

== Route & halts ==

The 19425 / 19426 '''Borivali - Nandurbar Express''' runs from Borivali via {{rws|Palghar}}, {{rws|Valsad}}, {{rws|Navsari}}, {{rws|Bhestan}}, {{rws|Chalthan}}, {{rws|Bardoli}}, {{rws|Vyara}}, {{rws|Navapur}} to Nandurbar and vice versa.

==Coach composite==

The train consists of 15 coaches :

* 5 [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Sleeper Class]]
* 8 [[Indian Railways coaching stock|General Unreserved]]
* 2 [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Seating cum Luggage Rake]]

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[ Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-5]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Valsad|Valsad Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive from end to end.

== Rake sharing ==

The train shares its rake with 19417 / 19418 [[Mumbai Central–Ahmedabad Express|Borivali-Ahmedabad Express]].

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/6912 19425/Mumbai Central - Nandurbar Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/2848 19426/Nandurbar - Mumbai Central Express]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mumbai Central - Nandurbar Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Transport in Maharashtra]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Hazur Sahib Nanded Express

2026-01-13T15:10:28Z

Amanshrbiz:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Hazur Sahib Nanded Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2014|03|12}}
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] (LTT)
| stops = 12
| end = {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}} (NED)
| distance = {{convert|728|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 16 hours 40 minutes
| frequency = Weekly{{efn|Runs one day in a week on Wednesday for every direction.}}
| class = 3 AC 3 Tier, Sleeper 3 Tier, Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation = Rake sharing with 11017/18 [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Karaikal Weekly Express]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = below the seats
| otherfacilities=
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 11011/11012
| speed = {{cvt|44|km/h}}
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Hazur Sahib Nanded Express''' was an intercity train of the Indian Railways connecting [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] Kurla in [[Maharashtra]] and {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}} of [[Maharashtra]]. It was being operated with 11011/11012 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31814&articlexml=Weekly-train-from-Nanded-to-Mumbai-cancelled-20102016011011 Weekly train from Nanded to Mumbai cancelled]{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>[http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=7890&did=1476795238068846CD7F62C2C10E1E2B18BF3B624410B.web91 Trains Cancelled Due to Rail Roko Agitation]</ref><ref>[http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3186&did=1448963990255C207298F5ED7B94E8D13297572969010.web91 Permanent Augmentation of 5 CR Trains with 17 General Second class coaches]</ref> This now discontinued by South Central Railways.

==Service==

The 11011/Mumbai LTT–Hazur Sahib Nanded (Weekly) Express has an average speed of 44 km/h and covers 728 km in 16 hrs 40 mins. 11012/Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express has an average speed of 44 km/h and covers 728 km in 17 hrs 15 mins. The maximum permissible speed is 110 km/h from PUNE TO KWD. without halting (through) DAUND JN.

== Route and halts ==

* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]]
* {{stnlnk|Thane}}
* {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Karjat}}
* {{stnlnk|Lonavala}}
* {{stnlnk|Pune Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kurduvadi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Barshi Town}}
* {{stnlnk|Dharashiv}}
* {{stnlnk|Latur}}
* {{stnlnk|Latur Road Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Parli Vaijnath}}
* {{stnlnk|Parbhani Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Purna Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}}

==Coach composition==

The train consists of 22 LHB-type coaches:

* 1 AC II Tier
* 4 AC III Tier
* 12 Sleeper coaches
* 3 General
* 2 luggage cum generator car (EOG)

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Loco Shed, Kalyan|Kalyan Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from Kurla to Nanded.

==Direction reversal==

The train reverses its direction 2 times:

* {{stnlnk|Parli Vaijnath}}
* {{stnlnk|Latur Road Junction}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.trainspnrstatus.com/runningstatus/11011-ltt-ned-express Updated Time Table of 11011 Lokmanyatilak Nanded Express]
* [https://www.trainspnrstatus.com/runningstatus/11012-ned-ltt-exp Updated Time Table of 11012 Nanded Lokmanyatilak Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/mumbai-ltt-hazur-sahib-nanded-weekly-express-11011/1032/466/1676 11011/Mumbai LTT - Hazur Sahib Nanded (Weekly) Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/hazur-sahib-nanded-mumbai-ltt-weekly-express-11012/22810/1676/466 Hazur Sahib Nanded - Mumbai LTT Weekly Express]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lokmanya Tilak Terminus-Hazur Sahib Nanded Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Nanded]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2014]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Natural disasters in India

2026-01-09T02:33:14Z

Amanshrbiz:

{{Short description|none}}
{{essay-like|date=May 2013}}

{| align="right"
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" | [[File:India climatic disaster risk map en.svg|thumb|right|Disaster-prone regions in India.]]
| style="vertical-align:top;" | [[File:India wind zone map en.svg|thumb|right|Map showing winds zones, shaded by distribution of average speeds of prevailing winds.]]
|}

'''Natural calamities in India''', many of them related to the [[climate of India]], causes of the massive losses of life and property. [[Drought]]s, [[flash flood]]s, [[cyclone]]s, [[avalanche]]s, landslides brought by torrential rains, and snowstorms pose the greatest threats. A natural disaster might be caused by earthquakes, flooding, volcanic eruption, landslides, hurricanes etc. In order to be classified as a disaster, it will need to have a profound environmental effect and/or human loss and frequently incurs a financial loss.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Goswami BN, Venugopal V, Sengupta D, Madhusoodanan MS, Xavier PK |title=Increasing trend of extreme rain events over India in a warming environment |journal=Science |volume=314 |issue=5804 |pages=1442–1445 |year=2006 |doi=10.1126/science.1132027 |pmid=17138899 |bibcode=2006Sci...314.1442G |s2cid=43711999 }}</ref> Other dangers include frequent summer dust storms, which usually track from north to south; they cause extensive property damage in North India<ref name="Balfour_1976_995">{{harvnb|Balfour|1976|p=995}}.</ref> and deposit large amounts of dust and dirt from arid regions. Hail is also common in parts of India, causing severe damage to standing crops such as rice and wheat and many more crops and effects many people.

==Landslides and avalanches==
Landslides are very common in the Lower Himalayas. The young age of the region's hills results in rock formations, which are susceptible to slippages. Rising population and development pressures, particularly from logging and tourism, cause deforestation. The result is denuded hillsides which exacerbate the severity of landslides; since tree, cover impedes the uphill flow of water.<ref name="Allaby_1998_26">{{harvnb|Allaby|1998|p=26}}.</ref> Parts of the Western Ghats also suffer from low-intensity landslides. Avalanches occurrences are common in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim etc. Landslides in India are also highly dangerous as many Indian families and farmers '''reside in the hills or mountains.'''

==Floods in India==
{{main|Floods in India}}
Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. The heavy southwest monsoon rains cause the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] and other rivers to distend their banks, often flooding surrounding areas. Though they provide rice paddy farmers with a largely dependable source of natural irrigation and fertilisation, the floods can kill thousands and displace millions. Excess, erratic, or untimely monsoon rainfall may also wash away or otherwise ruin crops.<ref name="Allaby_1998_42">{{harvnb|Allaby|1998|p=42}}.</ref><ref name="Allaby_1998_15">{{harvnb|Allaby|1998|p=15}}.</ref> mostly that of all of India is flood-prone, and extremely precipitation events, such as flash floods and torrential rains, have become increasingly common in central India over the past several decades, coinciding with rising temperatures. Meanwhile, the annual precipitation totals have shown a gradual decline, due to a weakening monsoon circulation<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Roxy|first1=Mathew Koll|last2=Ritika|first2=Kapoor|last3=Terray|first3=Pascal|last4=Murtugudde|first4=Raghu|last5=Ashok|first5=Karumuri|last6=Goswami|first6=B. N.|date=2015-06-16|title=Drying of Indian subcontinent by rapid Indian Ocean warming and a weakening land-sea thermal gradient|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=6|article-number=7423|doi=10.1038/ncomms8423|pmid=26077934|bibcode=2015NatCo...6.7423R|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01322870/document|doi-access=free|access-date=2019-09-01|archive-date=2019-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901143109/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01322870/document|url-status=live}}</ref> as a result of the rapid warming in the Indian Ocean<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Roxy|first1=Mathew Koll|last2=Ritika|first2=Kapoor|last3=Terray|first3=Pascal|last4=Masson|first4=Sébastien|date=2014-09-11|title=The Curious Case of Indian Ocean Warming|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=27|issue=22|pages=8501–8509|doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00471.1|issn=0894-8755|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01141647/file/jclim2015_roxy_etal.pdf|bibcode=2014JCli...27.8501R|s2cid=42480067|access-date=2019-06-29|archive-date=2019-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903093421/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01141647/file/jclim2015_roxy_etal.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and a reduced land-sea temperature difference. This means that there are more extreme rainfall events intermittent with longer dry spells over central India in the recent decades.

==Cyclones in India==
The [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] may affect thousands of Indians living in the coastal regions. [[Tropical cyclogenesis]] is particularly common in the northern reaches of the [[Indian Ocean]] in and around the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Cyclones bring with them heavy rains, [[storm surge]]s, and winds that often cut affected areas off from relief and supplies. In the North Indian Ocean Basin, the cyclone season runs from April to December, with peak activity between May and November.<ref name="AOML_FAQ_G1">{{cite web |author=[[Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory]], Hurricane Research Division |title=Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season? |publisher=[[NOAA]] |access-date=2006-07-25 |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html |archive-date=2006-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718065833/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Each year, an average of eight storms with sustained wind speeds greater than {{convert|63|km/h|mi/h|0}} form; of these, two strengthen into true tropical cyclones, which have sustained gusts greater than {{convert|117|km/h|mi/h|0}}. On average, a major ([[Tropical cyclone scales|Category 3]] or higher) cyclone develops every other year.<ref name = "AOML FAQ G1">{{Cite web | author = [[Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory]], Hurricane Research Division | title = Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season? | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = July 25, 2006 | url = http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html | archive-date = July 18, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060718065833/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name = "AOML FAQ E10">{{cite web |author=[[Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory]], Hurricane Research Division |title=Frequently Asked Questions: What are the average, most, and least tropical cyclones occurring in each basin? |publisher=[[NOAA]] |access-date=2006-07-25 |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E10.html |archive-date=2012-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731201905/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E10.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

During summer, the Bay of Bengal is subject to intense heating, giving rise to humid and unstable air masses that produce cyclones. Many powerful cyclones, including the [[1737 Calcutta cyclone]], the [[1970 Bhola cyclone]], the [[1991 Bangladesh cyclone]], the [[1999 Odisha cyclone]], and 2019s [[Cyclone Fani]] in Odisha and [[Cyclone Vayu]] in Gujarat, have led to widespread devastation along parts of the eastern coast of India and neighboring [[Bangladesh]]. Widespread death and property destruction are reported every year in exposed Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. India's western coast, bordering the more placid Arabian Sea, experiences cyclones only rarely; these mainly strike [[Gujarat]] and, less frequently, [[Kerala]] and sometimes Odisha.

In terms of damage and loss of life, the 1700 Odisha cyclone, a super cyclone that struck Odisha on 29 October 1999, was the worst in more than a quarter-century. With peak winds of {{convert|160|mi/h|km/h|0}}, it was the equivalent of a [[Category 5 hurricane]].<ref name="npmoc"/> Almost two million people were left homeless;<ref name="bapscare">{{cite web |url=http://baps-care.org/services/disaster/1990/1999supercyclone.htm |title=1999 Supercyclone of Orissa |year=2005 |work=BAPS Care International |access-date=2007-04-08 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927144115/http://baps-care.org/services/disaster/1990/1999supercyclone.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> another 20 million people's lives were disrupted by the cyclone.<ref name="bapscare"/> Officially, 9,803 people died from the storm;<ref name="npmoc">{{cite web |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr/pdf/05b.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclone 05B |work=Naval Maritime Forecast Center (Joint Typhoon Warning Center) |access-date=2007-04-08 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607012159/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr/pdf/05b.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> unofficial estimates place the death toll at over 10,100.<ref name="bapscare"/>

In terms of damage and asset destruction, [[Cyclone Amphan]],<ref name="Cyclone Amphan">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/imd-cyclone-amphan-turns-into-severe-cyclonic-storm-odisha-bengal-on-high-alert/as75801393.cms |title=2020 Supercyclone Amphhan |website=[[The Times of India]] |year=2020 |access-date=2020-06-05 |archive-date=2020-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604110132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/imd-cyclone-amphan-turns-into-severe-cyclonic-storm-odisha-bengal-on-high-alert/as75801393.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> a super cyclone that struck West Bengal, Odisha and Bangladesh on 20 May 2020 is, as of that date, the worst in India in the 21st century. With peak winds of {{convert|260|km/h|mi/h|0}} to {{convert|280|km/h|mi/h|0}}, it was the equivalent of a [[Category 5 hurricane]].<ref name="npmoc"/> Almost 5 million (50 [[lakh]]) people are left homeless in West Bengal, Odisha and Bangladesh;<ref name="Cyclone Amphan"/> another 10 million (1 [[crore]]) people's lives were disrupted by the cyclone. Officially, 128 people died from the storm. Official damage and asset destruction estimate is 13.40 to 13.69 billion US Dollars;<ref name="US Dollar">{{cite web | url=https://www.xe.com/currency/usd-us-dollar | title=US Dollar | access-date=2020-06-05 | archive-date=2020-05-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522042815/https://www.xe.com/currency/usd-us-dollar | url-status=live }}</ref> it is the costliest and most damaging cyclone ever to occur in the Bay of Bengal.

2021 [[Cyclone Tauktae]] killed at least 104 people, the highest in a decade.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-27|title=Explained: How does Tauktae compare with other cyclones in severity and damage?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/how-tauktae-compares-with-other-cyclones-in-severity-damage-7324998/|access-date=2021-09-19|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607112520/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/how-tauktae-compares-with-other-cyclones-in-severity-damage-7324998/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Climate change impacts on environment==
{{main|Effects of climate change in India}}

=== Monsoon ===
The Indian meteorological department has declared that water cycle will be more intense, with higher annual average rainfall as well increased drought in future years.<ref name=DEFRA_Keysheet_5>{{Cite web | url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/india-climate-5-water-DEFRA.pdf | title=Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in India | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133820/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/india-climate-5-water-DEFRA.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-03 }}</ref> A 20% rise in monsoon over most states is also predicted.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237247341|title=Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns|first1=Jayant|last1=Sathaye|first2=Priyadarshi|last2=Shukla|first3=N|last3=H. Ravindranath|date=30 November 2005|journal=Curr Sci|volume=90|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> A 2 °C rise in global average temperature will make [[Indian monsoon]] highly unpredictable.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/cc10.pdf | title=High-resolution climate change scenarios for India for the 21st century | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703162325/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/cc10.pdf | archive-date=2018-07-03 }} </ref> At 4 °C an extremely wet monsoon which currently has a 1 in 100 year's chance will occur in every 10 years by 2100. Extremes in maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation will increase particularly over western coast and central and north-east India.<ref name=wb_impacts>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/06/19/india-climate-change-impacts|title=India: Climate Change Impacts|access-date=2018-07-03|archive-date=2018-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133455/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/06/19/india-climate-change-impacts|url-status=live}}</ref>
The dry years are expected to be drier and wet years wetter due to Climate Change.

=== Rivers and glaciers ===
The per capital availability of freshwater in India is expected to drop below 1000 cubic meters by 2025 because of population growth and climate change. River basins of [[Cauvery River|Kaveri]], [[Penna River|Penna]], [[Mahi River|Mahi]], [[Sabarmati River|Sabarmati]], [[Tapi River, India|Tapi]], [[Luni River|Luni]] and few others are already water scarce. [[Krishna River|Krishna]] and [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] may become so by 2025. High population density, [[coastal flooding]] and saltwater intrusion and exposure to storm surges makes [[Ganga river|Ganga]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]], [[Krishna River|Krishna]] and [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]] coastal river deltas "hotspots" of [[climate change vulnerability]].<ref name=DEFRA_Keysheet_5/> 
Glaciers are the main source of water for the Himalayan Rivers such as [[Ganges|Ganga]], [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] and [[Indus]]. 67% of Himalayan glaciers have receded in the past decade and continue to diminish with increasing rates. The Ganga and the Indus are likely to become water scarce by 2025.<ref name=iwp_water_crisis>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawaterportal.org/news/india-will-be-hotspot-water-crisis-2025-un|title=India will be the hotspot of water crisis by 2025: UN|website=www.indiawaterportal.org|date=22 November 2014 |access-date=2018-07-03|archive-date=2018-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133416/http://www.indiawaterportal.org/news/india-will-be-hotspot-water-crisis-2025-un|url-status=live}}</ref>
Since 1962, the overall glacier area has reduced by 21% from 2077 km2 to 1628 km2. This will lead to water shortages becoming acuter with time and may endanger food security and energy generation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saded.in/kulkarni_gw_effect_himalayanglaciers_shrinkage/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123140803/http://www.saded.in/PDF%20Files/Kulkarni_GW_Effect_HimalayanGlaciers_Shrinkage.pdf|url-status=dead |title=Impact of Global Warming on the Himalayan Cryosphere|date=August 7, 2023|archivedate=November 23, 2018}}</ref>

=== Sea level rise ===
Rise in sea temperature and sea level leads to loss of marine ecosystems and biodiversity, salination, erosion and flooding and also increases occurrence and intensity of storms along entire shoreline. Climate Change impacts are already observed in submergence of coastal lands in the [[Sundarbans]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/2018/01/17/sinking-sundarbans-islands-underline-climate-crisis/|title=Sinking Sundarbans islands underline climate crisis|date=17 January 2018|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133950/https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/2018/01/17/sinking-sundarbans-islands-underline-climate-crisis/|url-status=live}}</ref> loss of wetlands<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318164151|title=Flood plain wetland fisheries of India: with special reference to impact of climate change|first1=uttam|last1=Sarkar|first2=Bibha|last2=Borah|date=28 June 2017|journal=Wetlands Ecology and Management|volume=26|pages=1–15|via=ResearchGate|doi=10.1007/s11273-017-9559-6|s2cid=3807851}}</ref> and of coral reefs by bleaching,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Coral Reef Ecosystems under Climate Change and Ocean Acidification|first1=Ove|last1=Hoegh-Guldberg|first2=Elvira S.|last2=Poloczanska|first3=William|last3=Skirving|first4=Sophie|last4=Dove|date=8 June 2018|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=4|article-number=158 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2017.00158|doi-access=free}}</ref> and an estimated sea level rise of 1.06 - 1.75 mm/year.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
Low-end scenarios estimate sea levels in Asia will be at least 40  cm higher by 2100. The IPCC calculates that it would expose 13–94 million people to flooding, with about 60% of this total in South Asia. A sea-level rise of 100 cm would inundate 5,763 cubic km of India's landmass.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch10s10-4-3.html|title=10.4.3 Coastal and low lying areas – AR4 WGII Chapter 10: Asia|website=www.ipcc.ch|access-date=2018-07-03|archive-date=2018-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133557/https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch10s10-4-3.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It will severely affect populations in megacities like [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Chennai]] due to land submergence and [[extreme weather events]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22062/1/MPRA_paper_22062.pdf | title=Vulnerability and Climate Change: An Analysis of the Eastern Coastal Districts of India | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813013514/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22062/1/MPRA_paper_22062.pdf | archive-date=2017-08-13 }}</ref>
Increase in [[sea surface temperature]] increases frequency, intensity, scale and destructive power of [[Tropical cyclones and climate change|tropical cyclones]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Impact of Ocean Warming on Tropical Cyclone Size and Its Destructiveness|first1=Yuan|last1=Sun|first2=Zhong|last2=Zhong|first3=Tim|last3=Li|first4=Lan|last4=Yi|first5=Yijia|last5=Hu|first6=Hongchao|last6=Wan|first7=Haishan|last7=Chen|first8=Qianfeng|last8=Liao|first9=Chen|last9=Ma|first10=Qihua|last10=Li|date=15 August 2017|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=7|issue=1|pages=8154|doi=10.1038/s41598-017-08533-6|pmid=28811627|pmc=5557849|bibcode=2017NatSR...7.8154S}}</ref>

=== Droughts, heatwaves and storms ===
500Mha land in the [[Asia Pacific]] region is already experiencing [[land degradation]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YXnTBwAAQBAJ&q=500Mha%2C+Asia+Pacific+region+land+degradation&pg=PA72|title=Climate Change and Developing Countries|first1=Nijavalli H.|last1=Ravindranath|first2=Jayant A.|last2=Sathaye|date=11 April 2006|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|via=Google Books|isbn=9780306479809|access-date=1 December 2020|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117104719/https://books.google.com/books?id=YXnTBwAAQBAJ&q=500Mha%2C+Asia+Pacific+region+land+degradation&pg=PA72|url-status=live}}</ref> The summers have already become more intense in India with some regions regularly reporting temperatures around 47 °C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/20/india-records-its-hottest-day-ever-as-temperature-hits-51c-thats-1238f|title=India records its hottest day ever as temperature hits 51C (that's 123.8F)|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=20 May 2016|website=the Guardian|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-date=23 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523121104/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/20/india-records-its-hottest-day-ever-as-temperature-hits-51c-thats-1238f|url-status=live}}</ref> In the last four years, India has seen as many as over 4,620 deaths caused by [[heat wave]]s, according to data published by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/indias-killer-heatwaves-claim-4620-deaths-in-last-four-years-4624944/|title=India's killer heatwaves claim 4620 deaths in last four years|date=23 April 2017|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703163341/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indias-killer-heatwaves-claim-4620-deaths-in-last-four-years-4624944/|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Indian Meteorological Department]] declared that the storm that hit northern India in May 2018 was severe and their frequency could increase due to [[global warming]]. This is due to an increase in the intensity of the wind and dryness of the soil which increases the intensity of dust storms. The rise in land surface temperature will be more pronounced in the northern part of India. A recent study reports that summers could last up to 8 months in the [[Gangetic plain]] by 2070 if the global temperature increases beyond 2 °C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/effects-of-climate-change-summers-in-india-could-last-for-8-months-by-2070-if-global-warming-continues-say-researchers-4297739.html|title=Effects of climate change: If global warming continues, summers in India could last for 8 months by 2070, say researchers – Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|date=11 January 2018|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133508/https://www.firstpost.com/india/effects-of-climate-change-summers-in-india-could-last-for-8-months-by-2070-if-global-warming-continues-say-researchers-4297739.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Increasingly severe and frequent heat waves may substantially increase mortality and death incidences.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://india.mongabay.com/2018/05/08/dust-storms-may-increase-in-india-due-to-climate-change/|title=Dust storms may increase in India due to climate change|website=india.mongabay.com|date=2018-05-08|access-date=2018-07-03|archive-date=2018-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703143519/https://india.mongabay.com/2018/05/08/dust-storms-may-increase-in-india-due-to-climate-change/|url-status=live}}</ref> Such warming conditions along with the water scarcities aggravates the impacts of droughts.<ref name="IGARSS2017">{{cite book |last1=Swain|display-authors=etal|first1=S |title=2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) |chapter=Application of SPI, EDI and PNPI using MSWEP precipitation data over Marathwada, India |volume=2017 |pages=5505–5507 |doi=10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8128250 |year=2017|isbn=978-1-5090-4951-6|s2cid=26920225}}</ref>

==Disaster response agencies==
* [[National Disaster Management Authority (India)]]
* [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF), a union force under NDMA
* [[Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force]] (ODRAF)
* [[State Disaster Response Force (Assam)]]
* [[Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority]] (TNSDMA)

==See also==
{{Portal|Ecology|India}}
* [[Climate change in South Asia]]
* [[Floods in India]]

==Citations==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Toman |first1=MA |last2=Chakravorty |first2=U |last3=Gupta |first3=S |title=India and Global Climate Change: Perspectives on Economics and Policy from a Developing Country |year=2003 |publisher=Resources for the Future Press |isbn=978-1-891853-61-6}}

==External links==
{{commons|Atlas of India}}
; General overview
* {{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/country_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002240 |title=Country Guide: India |work=[[BBC Weather]] |access-date=2007-11-16 |archive-date=2005-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525125046/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/country_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002240 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.hcilondon.net/tourism-information/weather.html |title=India—Weather and Climate |work=[[Indian diplomatic missions|High Commission of India, London]] |access-date=2007-11-16 |archive-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201061945/http://www.hcilondon.net/tourism-information/weather.html |url-status=live }}

; Reports
* [http://www.environmentportal.in/reports-documents/disaster-management-india-0 Disaster management in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006201109/http://environmentportal.in/reports-documents/disaster-management-india-0 |date=2011-10-06 }}

; Resources on Natural Disasters
* [http://www.environmentportal.in/category/thesaurus/floods Resources on floods] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006193940/http://environmentportal.in/category/thesaurus/floods |date=2011-10-06 }}
* [http://www.environmentportal.in/category/thesaurus/drought Resources on Drought] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827162852/http://www.environmentportal.in/category/thesaurus/drought |date=2011-08-27 }}

; Maps, imagery, and statistics
* {{cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/ |title=India Meteorological Department |work=[[Government of India]] |access-date=2007-11-16 |archive-date=2014-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104130804/http://www.imd.gov.in/ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.weather.nic.in/ |title=Weather Resource System for India |work=[[National Informatics Centre]] |access-date=2007-11-16 |archive-date=2007-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429135833/http://www.weather.nic.in/ |url-status=dead }}

; Forecasts
* {{cite web |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/weather/IN_cc.html |title=India: Current Weather Conditions |work=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) |access-date=2007-04-24 |archive-date=2007-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425135805/http://weather.noaa.gov/weather/IN_cc.html |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

{{Natural disasters in India}}
{{Disasters}}
{{global warming}}
{{Social issues in India}}

[[Category:Natural disasters in India| ]]
[[Category:Climate of India]]
[[Category:Environment of India]]
[[Category:Environmental history of India]]

Cnemaspis tigris

2025-12-16T04:09:03Z

Amanshrbiz: Started initial details basic info.

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| taxon = Cnemaspis tigris
| authority = Khandekar, Thackeray, & Agarwal, 2022
}}

'''''Cnemaspis tigris''''' is a species of [[Diurnality|diurnal]], rock-dwelling, [[insectivorous]] [[gecko]] endemic to [[India]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Cnemaspis&species=balerion Cnemaspis tigris]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q113560902}}

[[Category:Cnemaspis|tigris]]
[[Category:Lizards of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2022]]

{{Cnemaspis-stub}}

Supernovas (Women's T20 Challenge)

2025-12-14T10:42:25Z

Amanshrbiz: started details...

{{short description|Former women's cricket club in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Supernovas
| image = Supernova (Women's T20 Challenge) logo.png
| colours = {{color box|#40E0D0}} [[Light blue]]
| coach = [[Nooshin Al Khadeer]]
| captain = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]]
| established = {{start date and age|2018}}
| ground =
| title1 = {{nowrap|[[Women's T20 Challenge|T20 Challenge]]}}
| title1wins = 3 ([[2018 Women's T20 Challenge|2018]], [[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|2019]], [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge|2022]])
| h_pattern_la =
| h_pattern_b =
| h_pattern_ra =
| h_pattern_pants =
| h_leftarm = 40E0D0
| h_body = 4169E1
| h_rightarm = 40E0D0
| h_pants = 40E0D0
| h_title = T20
}}

'''Supernovas''' were an Indian [[cricket]] team. They were founded in 2018 to compete in the [[Women's T20 Challenge]], which they competed in until the tournament ended in 2022. They were the most successful T20 Challenge side, having won the tournament three times, in [[2018 Women's T20 Challenge|2018]], [[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|2019]] and [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge|2022]].

==History==
===2018===
Supernovas were formed in 2018 to take part in the inaugural [[Women's T20 Challenge]] competition, in which they played a [[2018 Women's T20 Challenge|one-off match]] against [[IPL Trailblazers|Trailblazers]]. The game was viewed as a response to the men's [[Indian Premier League]], and hopes were that the one-off game would lead towards a fully-fledged tournament in the future.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/102152/exhibition-t20-aspires-to-lay-a-little-foundation-stone-for-a-womens-ipl |title=Exhibition T20 aspires to lay a little foundation for a Women's IPL |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> Indian batter [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] was named as captain of the side, alongside fellow Indians [[Mithali Raj]] and [[Veda Krishnamurthy]] as well as overseas players [[Danni Wyatt]], [[Sophie Devine]], [[Ellyse Perry]], [[Meg Lanning]] and [[Megan Schutt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/138906/squads-announced-for-women-s-t20-challenge-match|title=Squads Announced for Women's T20 Challenge Match |work=Indian Premier League |access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>

In the match, which took place on 22 May 2018, the Supernovas won the toss and elected to bat first. Economical bowling restricted the Trailblazers to 129/6, with Schutt and Perry the picks of the bowlers, with 2 wickets apiece. Contributions from Mithali Raj, Wyatt and Harmanpreet Kaur got the Supernovas close in response, before Perry hit the winning runs off the final ball in a tense finish.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/692620|title=Suzie Bates, Ellyse Perry call the shots in last-ball cliffhanger|work=International Cricket Council|access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref> The Supernovas were therefore crowned the winners of the inaugural Women's T20 Challenge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2018-1146783/supernovas-vs-trailblazers-1146789/full-scorecard|title=Trailblazers v Supernovas, May 22 2018 Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>

===2019===
[[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|2019]] saw the expansion of the tournament to three teams, with the addition of [[IPL Velocity|Velocity]]. Each side played each other once in a group stage, with the top two progressing to a final.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/women-s-t20-challenge-a-step-towards-an-ipl-for-harmanpreet-mandhana-and-co-1183353|title=Women's T20 Challenge a step towards an IPL for Harmanpreet, Mandhana and Co|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> In the first game, a rematch of last year's final against Trailblazers, the Supernovas lost by 2 runs after opposition opener [[Smriti Mandhana]] hit 90 off 67 balls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2019-1181892/supernovas-vs-trailblazers-1st-match-1181893/full-scorecard|title=Trailblazers v Supernovas, May 6 2019 Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> In their second game, however, 77 from [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] saw Supernovas post 142/3 against Velocity. Tight bowling from [[Poonam Yadav]] (4/13) then helped Supernovas to a 12 run victory, sending them through to the final.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2019-1181892/supernovas-vs-velocity-3rd-match-1181895/full-scorecard|title=Velocity v Supernovas, May 8 2019 Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>

In the final, they faced Velocity again. Velocity batted first and posted 121/6, with Supernovas bowler [[Lea Tahuhu]] taking 2/21 from 4 overs, including a wicket maiden. 51 from Harmanpreet Kaur then set up a Supernovas victory, which again came off the final ball of the match, hit for four by [[Radha Yadav]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2019-1181892/supernovas-vs-velocity-final-1181896/match-report|title=Harmanpreet Kaur 51 sets up Supernovas' last-ball win in final|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>

===2020===
The [[2020 Women's T20 Challenge]] was delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], eventually getting underway in November.<ref>{{cite web|title= Sourav Ganguly: Women's T20 Challenge during IPL 'very much on' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29581951/sourav-ganguly-women-t20-challenge-ipl-very-much-on |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 August 2020 |language=en |date=3 August 2020}}</ref> Supernovas played Velocity in their first match, losing by 5 wickets with one ball to spare. Newly signed overseas player [[Chamari Atapattu]] hit 44 for Supernovas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2020-21-1228311/supernovas-vs-velocity-1st-match-1235586/match-report |title=Sushma Verma and Sune Luus star in Velocity's come-from-behind victory|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> In their second game, Atapattu was again the star, hitting 67 as the side scored 146/6 batting first. Radha Yadav then defended 9 off the final over to send her side into the final.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2020-21-1228311/trailblazers-vs-supernovas-3rd-match-1235588/match-report |title=Atapattu and Yadav stand tall as Supernovas and Trailblazers make the final|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>

Supernovas faced Trailblazers again in the final, with the Trailblazers batting first and scoring 118/8 from their 20 overs. The Supernovas struggled to chase, however, losing out by 16 runs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2020-21-1228311/trailblazers-vs-supernovas-final-1235589/match-report |title=Smriti Mandhana 68, Salma Khatun three-for lead Trailblazers to 2020 Women's T20 Challenge title|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>

===2022===
The [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge]] took place in May 2022. Supernovas won the opening game of the tournament by 49 runs, against Trailblazers, with [[Pooja Vastrakar]] taking 4/12 from her four overs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2022-1314902/supernovas-vs-trailblazers-1st-match-1314903/match-report |title=Vastrakar's four-for gives Supernovas a winning start |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> They lost their second match, against Velocity, by 7 wickets, but still qualified for the final on [[Net run rate|Net Run Rate]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2022-1314902/supernovas-vs-velocity-2nd-match-1314904/match-report |title=Quick fifties from Verma and Wolvaardt give Velocity comfortable opening win |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> They faced Velocity again in the final, and scored 165/7 batting first, with [[Deandra Dottin]] scoring 62 from 44 balls. They then restricted Velocity to 161/8 to win their third T20 Challenge title.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2022-1314902/supernovas-vs-velocity-final-1314906/match-report |title=Dottin and Ecclestone bring the crown home for Supernovas |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref>

The 2022 season proved to be the final edition of the Women's T20 Challenge, with the tournament being replaced by the [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] from the 2023 season.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/121647/bcci-proposes-six-team-womens-ipl-from-next-year |title=BCCI proposes six-team women's IPL from next year|work=Cricbuzz |access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref>

==Players==
Final squad, 2022 season.<ref name="squad">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/womens-t20-challenge-deepti-replaces-raj-as-velocity-captain-dunkley-cross-king-wolvaardt-among-overseas-stars-1315230 |title=Women's T20 Challenge: Deepti replaces Raj as Velocity captain; Dunkley, Cross, King, Wolvaardt among overseas stars |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref>
* No. denotes the player's squad number, as worn on the back of their shirt.
* {{double-dagger}} denotes players with international caps.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; width:80%;"
|-
!style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | No.
!style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | Name
!style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | Nationality
!style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | Birth date
!style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | Batting style
!style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | Bowling style
!style="background:#87CEFA; color:black" | Notes
|-
! colspan="7" | Batters
|-
|style="text-align:center"|4|| [[Priya Punia]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1996|8|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–|| [[Muskan Malik (cricketer)|Muskan Malik]]|| {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|2002|10|8|df=y}} ||Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
! colspan="7" | All-rounders
|-
|style="text-align:center"|7|| [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1989|3|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || [[Captain (cricket)|Club captain]]
|-
|style="text-align:center"|21|| [[Harleen Deol]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1998|6|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin|leg break]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"|5|| [[Deandra Dottin]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|West Indies}} || {{Birth date and age|1991|6|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas player
|-
|style="text-align:center"|96|| [[Suné Luus]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|South Africa}} || {{Birth date and age|1996|1|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin|leg break]] || Overseas player
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–|| [[Ayushi Soni]] || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|2000|9|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
! colspan="7" | Wicket-keepers
|-
|style="text-align:center"|9|| [[Taniya Bhatia]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1997|11|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || — ||
|-
! colspan="7" | Bowlers
|-
|style="text-align:center"|11||[[Pooja Vastrakar]] {{double-dagger}}|| {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1999|9|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–|| [[Sophie Ecclestone]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|England}} || {{Birth date and age|1999|5|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || Overseas player
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–|| [[Mansi Joshi]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1993|8|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–|| [[Rashi Kanojiya]] || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1998|8|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–||[[Alana King]] {{double-dagger}}|| {{crw|Australia}} || {{Birth date and age|1995|11|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin|leg break]] || Overseas player
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–|| [[Monica Patel]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1999|4|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–|| [[Meghna Singh]] {{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1994|6|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"|–||Chandu Venkateshappa || {{crw|India}} || Unknown || Unknown || Unknown ||
|}

===Overseas players===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* {{criconw|NZL}} [[Sophie Devine]] (2018–2019)
* {{criconw|AUS}} [[Meg Lanning]] (2018)
* {{criconw|AUS}} [[Ellyse Perry]] (2018)
* {{criconw|AUS}} [[Megan Schutt]] (2018)
* {{criconw|ENG}} [[Danni Wyatt]] (2018)
* {{criconw|SRI}} [[Chamari Athapaththu]] (2019–2020)
* {{criconw|ENG}} [[Nat Sciver]] (2019)
* {{criconw|NZL}} [[Lea Tahuhu]] (2019)
* {{criconw|RSA}} [[Ayabonga Khaka]] (2020)
* {{criconw|WIN}} [[Shakera Selman]] (2020)
* {{criconw|SRI}} [[Shashikala Siriwardene]] (2020)
* {{criconw|WIN}} [[Deandra Dottin]] (2022)
* {{criconw|ENG}} [[Sophie Ecclestone]] (2022)
* {{criconw|AUS}} [[Alana King]] (2022)
* {{criconw|RSA}} [[Suné Luus]] (2022)
}}

==Seasons==
===Women's T20 Challenge===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Season
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Final standing
! scope="col" colspan="8" | League standings
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
! scope="col" | P
! scope="col" | W
! scope="col" | L
! scope="col" | T
! scope="col" | NR
! scope="col" | Pts
! scope="col" | NRR
! scope="col" | Pos
|-
! scope="row" | [[2018 Women's T20 Challenge|2018]]
| style="background:#ffee44;"| {{sort|1|Champions}}
|colspan=8 align=center| No Group stage
|| Won against [[IPL Trailblazers]] in the final
|-
! scope="row" | [[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|2019]]
| style="background:#ffee44;"| {{sort|1|Champions}}
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || +0.250 || 1st
|| Won against [[IPL Velocity]] in the final
|-
! scope="row" | [[2020 Women's T20 Challenge|2020]]
| style="background:#dddddd;" | {{sort|2|Runners-up}}
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || −0.054 || 2nd
| Lost to [[IPL Trailblazers]] in the final
|-
! scope="row" | [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge|2022]]
| style="background:#ffee44;"| {{sort|1|Champions}}
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || +0.912 || 1st
|| Won against [[IPL Velocity]] in the final
|}

==Statistics==
===Women's T20 Challenge===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:25%;"
|+ Women's T20 Challenge - summary of results<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/1228311.html?view=records|title=Women's T20 Challenge Records|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#ffc;"|Year
! style="background:#ffc;"|Played
! style="background:#ffc;"|Wins
! style="background:#ffc;"|Losses
! style="background:#ffc;"|Tied
! style="background:#ffc;"|NR
! style="background:#ffc;"|Win %
|-
! [[2018 Women's T20 Challenge|2018]]
| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00
|-
! [[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|2019]]
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 66.67
|-
! [[2020 Women's T20 Challenge|2020]]
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 33.33
|-
! [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge|2022]]
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 66.67
|-
! Total
|'''10'''||'''6'''||'''4'''||'''0'''||'''0''' ||'''60.00'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Women's T20 Challenge - teamwise result summary<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/1228311.html?view=records|title=Women's T20 Challenge Records|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#ffc;"|Opposition
! style="background:#ffc;"|Mat
! style="background:#ffc;"|Won
! style="background:#ffc;"|Lost
! style="background:#ffc;"|Tied
! style="background:#ffc;"|NR
! style="background:#ffc;"|Win %
|-
| [[IPL Trailblazers]] || 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 60.00
|-
| [[IPL Velocity]] || 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 60.00
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Women's T20 Challenge}}

[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2018]]
[[Category:Women's T20 Challenge teams]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs disestablished in 2022]]

Chhimtuipui district

2025-11-05T03:36:41Z

Amanshrbiz: redirect

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{ref improve|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| type = former district of India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[states of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Mizoram]]
| seat_type = Capital
| seat =
| coordinates =
| pushpin_map = India
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
}}

==Administration==
Subdivisional headquarters were at Lawngtlai and Kamalanagar (Chawngte). Chhimtuipui District was divided into four rural development blocks, namely Lawngtlai, Sangau, Tuipang and Chawngte.<ref name="RVSP">[http://lawngtlai.nic.in/RSVP/profile.htm "Profile of the District: 3.1.1 Historical Background"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721171915/http://lawngtlai.nic.in/RSVP/profile.htm|date=2011-07-21}} Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojana Project, Lawngtlai District</ref> In November 1998 [[Lawngtlai District]] was created out of Chhimtuipui District, consisting of the Lawngtlai RD Block and the Chawngte RD Block.<ref name="RVSP" /> The remaining area of Sangau RD Block and Tuipang RD Block was still called Chhimtuipui District, but the reduced district's name was soon changed to [[Siaha district]].

==Demographics==
In addition to [[Mizo language|Mizo]], [[Kuki-Chin languages]] spoken in southern Mizoram (Chhimtuipui District and neighboring [[Lunglei District]]) include:

*[[Chakma language]]
*[[Hakha Chin language]]
*[[Mara language]]
*[[Ralte language]]
*[[Bawm language]]
*[[Pangkhu language]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|22|29|24|N|92|58|48|E|region:IN-MZ_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Districts of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Former districts of India]]

{{Mizoram-geo-stub}}

Cicindela calligramma

2025-10-17T17:00:05Z

Amanshrbiz: Started new stub initial version.

{{Short description|Species of beetle}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Cicindela_calligramma_1.jpg
| genus = Cicindela
| species = calligramma
| authority = [[Hermann Rudolph Schaum|Schaum]], 1861
}}

'''''Cicindela calligramma''''' is a [[tiger beetle]] endemic to peninsular India and Sri Lanka. They are 13 to 16 mm long with a green or coppery brown body and three prominent yellowish markings. The ground colour varies a lot. They are found on the ground inside thin forest. They can be confused with ''[[Cicindela guttata]]'' which has hairs only on the lower part of the cheeks.<ref>{{cite book|page=110 | title=A Field Guide to the Tiger Beetles of India: Identification and Biology of the Cicindelidae|year=2020| author1=Pearson, David L. | author2=Wiesner, Jürgen | author3=Acciavatti, Robert E. Acciavatti | author4=Uniyal, V. P. |author5= Anichtchenko, Alexander|publisher=Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh|isbn=9788121109338}}</ref>

They are active from May to November, males show [[mate guarding]] behavior, continuing to stay mounted on females after mating.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shivashankar |first=T. |last2=Pearson |first2=David L. |date=1994 |title=A Comparison of Mate Guarding Among Five Syntopic Tiger Beetle Species from Peninsular India (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2389238 |journal=Biotropica |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=436–442 |doi=10.2307/2389238 |issn=0006-3606|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{taxonbar| from =Q13467691 }}

[[Category:Cicindela|calligramma]]
[[Category:Beetles of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Beetles of Asia]]
[[Category:Beetles described in 1861]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Hermann Rudolph Schaum]]

{{Cicindela-stub}}

Padma Anagol

2025-10-07T14:00:09Z

Amanshrbiz: adding the entry initial version!

{{Short description|Indian historian}}
[[File:Dr Padma Anagol, Visiting Prof. University of Washington, Seattle.jpg|thumb|Padma Anagol, Visiting Prof. University of Washington, Seattle, 2007]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
'''Padma Anagol''' is a historian known for her work on women's agency and subjectivities in colonial India.<ref name="cardiff.ac.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/72995-anagol-padma|title=Padma Anagol|author=|date=|website=cardiff.ac.uk}}</ref> Her work broadly focuses on gender and women's history in colonial British India. Her research interests also include a wide spectrum of topics such as material culture, consumption and Indian middle classes, theory, historiography and periodization of Modern India and comparative histories of Victorian and Indian patriarchies over the issues of social legislation (age of consent).<ref name="cardiff.ac.uk" />

==Early life and education==
Anagol comes from the conflict-ridden border area of [[Belgaum district]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/two-states-one-district-and-a-50yearold-dispute/412839|title=Two states, one district, and a 50-year-old dispute - Indian Express|author=|date=|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> Karnataka, India. As a border child, she is well-versed in both Kannada and Marathi, and straddles multiple identities. She was born to Mr. Jayakumar Anagol and Mrs. Kusumavati Anagol. Mr. Jayakumar Angol was a lecturer in philosophy at the Lingaraj College, Belgaum, Karnataka, and worked alongside [[A. K. Ramanujan|A. K. Ramanujam]] before joining the services. Her maternal grandparents, Devendrappa Doddanavar and Lilavati Doddanavar, actively participated in the Indian freedom movement and were awarded 'freedom fighters' pension by the Karnataka State Government.<ref>Suryanath Kamath, ''Swatantra Sangramada Smurithigalu'', Vol.2</ref>

Anagol graduated from the University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India. She is an alumna of the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], New Delhi, India, where she pursued her Masters in Modern and Contemporary Indian History and did an M.Phil. in International Relations. She was awarded a five year scholarship in 1987 by Indian Council of Social Science Research, Delhi, India, for a Ph.D. in history, which she declined in favour of the Commonwealth Scholarship to the School of Oriental and Asian Studies, University of London, London.<ref name="cardiff.ac.uk" />
==Career==
[[File:Padma Anagol, Discussant for Tanika Sarkar. Conference Women, Nation-Building and Feminism in India', University of Cambridge Discussions.jpg|thumb|alt=|left|Padma Anagol, in discussion with Tanika Sarkar at the Conference - "Women, Nation-Building and Feminism in India", University of Cambridge ]]
Anagol is a Reader in history at the Cardiff School of History, Religion and Archaeology, [[Cardiff University]], Wales, United Kingdom (UK).<ref name="cardiff.ac.uk" /> She teaches British Imperial and Modern Indian History at the [[Cardiff University]]. Fluent in three Indian languages, Anagol mainly uses Marathi (Devanagari script) and Kannada (Dravidian script) for her research work. Much of her research work is anchored in understanding women's subjectivities. She has also held visiting fellowships at various institutions. Before joining as a senior lecturer at the Cardiff School of History, Religion and Archaeology in 1995, Dr. Anagol taught south Asian history at the Bath Spa University, Bath, UK from 1993-95.
[[File:KeynoteAddressDrAnagol.jpg|thumb|Keynote Address by Padma Anagol, at “Women in India and Ireland Connected Pasts”, on 30 March 2017]]
Anagol was the editor of ''[[Cultural and Social History]]'', a journal published under the aegis of Social History society, UK from 2006-2011.<ref name="cardiff.ac.uk" /> She is the founder member of Asian Literatures in translation, an online journal.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://publications.cardiffuniversitypress.org/index.php/ALT/about/editorialTeam | title=Asian Literature and Translation }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She is also a member of the editorial board of South Asia Research<ref>{{cite web|url=https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/south-asia-research/journal200910#editorial-board|title=South Asia Research - SAGE Publications Inc|author=|date=2015-10-28|website=us.sagepub.com}}</ref> and ''[[Women's History Review]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=rwhr20|title=Women's History Review|author=|date=|website=www.tandfonline.com}}</ref> A believer in popular history, Anagol likes to disseminate information about the past and its uses to public and has taken on the position of Asia Consultant for ''[[BBC History|BBC History Magazine]]'' since 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reader.exacteditions.com/issues/47931/page/97|title=BBC History Magazine - January 2016|author=|date=|website=reader.exacteditions.com}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
===Books and edited collections===
* Anagol, Padma, ''The Emergence of Feminism in India, 1850-1920'', [[Ashgate Publishing]] Ltd., 2005. {{ISBN|075-46-3411-6}} {{ISBN|978-07-5463-411-9}}
* Anagol, Padma and Grey, Daniel (eds.), 'Gender and Justice in South Asia, 1772-2013', in ''Cultural and Social History Journal'', Special Issue, September 2017. {{doi|10.1080/14780038.2017.1358972}}
*Anagol, Padma (Commissioning and General Editor), 'The Partition of India: The Human Dimension', in ''Cultural and Social History Journal'', 6;4, (December 2009), pp. 393–536. [Special Issue on the 60th anniversary of the partition of Indian sub-continent] {{doi|10.2752/147800409X466254}}

===Chapters in books===
* Anagol, Padma 'The Emergence of Female Criminal in India: Infanticide and Survival Under the Raj', in Anupama Rao and Saurabh Dube (eds.), ''Crime Through Time'', [[Oxford University Press]], India, 2013, pp. 166–180. {{ISBN|978-0-19-807761-9}}, {{ISBN|0-19-807761-0}}
* Anagol, Padma, 'Indian Christian Women and Indigenous Feminism, c.1850-c.1920', in Clare Midgley (ed.), ''Gender and Imperialism'', Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1998, pp. 79–103. {{ISBN| 978-0-7190-4820-3}}
* Anagol, Padma, 'Rebellious Wives and Dysfunctional Marriages: Indian Women's Discourses and Participation in Debates over Restitution of Conjugal Rights and Child Marriage Controversy in 1880 and 1890s', in Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar (eds.), ''Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader'', Volumes I & II, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2008, pp. 282–312. {{ISBN|978-0-253-22049-3}}
* Anagol, Padma, 'From the Symbolic to the Open: Women's Resistance in Colonial Maharashtra', in A. Ghosh (ed.), ''Behind the Veil: Resistance, Women and the Everyday in Colonial South Asia'', Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, 2008, pp. 21–57. {{ISBN|978-0-230-58367-2}}; e-book {{ISBN|9780230583672}}
* Anagol, Padma, 'Age of Consent and Child Marriage in Colonial India and Victorian Britain', in Bonnie Smith (ed.), ''The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Women in World History'', Volume 4, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007, e{{ISBN|9780195337860}}; {{doi|10.1093/acref/9780195148909.001.0001}}
* Anagol, Padma, 'Age of Consent and Child Marriage in India', in Nancy Naples, Maithree Wickramasinghe and Angela Wong Wai Ching (eds.), ''The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies'', Oxford, Blackwell, 2016. {{doi|10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss558}}

===Articles===
* Anagol, Padma, "Gender, religion and anti-feminism in Hindu right-wing writings: Notes from a nineteenth-century Indian woman-patriot's text 'Essays in the Service of a Nation'", ''Women Studies International Forum'', Volume 37, March–April 2013, pp. 104–113, {{doi|10.1016/j.wsif.2012.11.002}}
* Anagol, Padma, 'Feminist Inheritances and Foremothers: The beginnings of feminism in modern India', ''Women's History Review'', Special Issue on 'International Feminism', VOl.XIX, No.9, 2010, pp. 523–546. {{doi|10.1080/9612025.2010.502398}}
* Anagol, Padma, 'Agency, Periodisation and Change in the Gender and Women's history of India', ''Gender and History'', Vol.XX, No.3, Nov.2008, pp. 603–627.
* Anagol, Padma, 'Emergence of Female criminal in India: Infanticide and Survival Under the Raj', ''History Workshop Journal'', Vol. XXXXXIII, Spring 2002, pp. 73–93. {{doi|10.1093/hwj/53.1.73}}
* Anagol, Padma, 'The Age of Consent Act (1891) Reconsidered: Women's Perspectives and Participation in the Child Marriage Controversy in India', ''South Asia Research'', Vol.XII, No.2, 1992, pp. 100–119. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/026272809201200202?journalCode=sara
* Anagol, Padma, 'Colonial Ideology and Colonial Literature: The creative world of Rudyard Kipling', ''Studies in History'', Volume III, No.1, 1987, pp. 75–96. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/025764308700300106?journalCode=siha

===Indian language publications (Marathi)===
* Anagol, Padma, 'Vasahatkalin Bharatatil Marathi Madhyamvargiya Striyanche ghargutee Baget', (Marathi), 'Family Budgets, Thrift and Household management as reflected in the writings of middle-class Maharashtrian Women in Colonial India', (translation), ''Marathi Samshodhan Patrika'', 53:1, (Oct, 2006), pp. 23–32, ISSN RNI/31743/63

==Recognition and awards==
She won the student poll for an 'Enriching Student Life Award' at Cardiff University in 2017.

==Forthcoming projects==
Anagol has embarked on a project of collating primary source materials by bringing together women's voices during the colonial era, under the title of ''Women in Colonial India:1757-1947: A Primary Source Collection.'' The collection is a collaboration with Geraldine Forbes and is to be presented in six volumes on broad themes and projects that include: The Body and Sexuality, Law, Religion, Power, Work and Personalities. The proposal for this collection is prompted by three core aims: the need to acquaint students and scholars with a wider range of materials than what is available for studying women in India, and the importance of situating examples of women's agency, resistance, and compliance within the contexts that produced the.{{clarify|date=December 2017}} The project has a home in the respectable publishing house-Bloomsbury Academic Press and the first volume on 'Body' will be published in 2019.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anagol, Padma}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women historians]]
[[Category:People from Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Academics of Cardiff University]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Mysore alumni]]
[[Category:Women educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]

Al-Abwab wa al-Tarajim

2025-10-06T03:28:11Z

Amanshrbiz: started basic stub w/ refs

{{Short description|Book by Zakariyya Kandhlawi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Al-Abwab wa al-Tarajim li Sahih al-Bukhari
| image = Cover of Al-Abwab wa al-Tarajim li Sahih al-Bukhari.jpg
| caption = Arabic cover
| author = [[Zakariyya Kandhlawi]]
| title_orig = الابواب والتراجم لصحیح البخاری
| orig_lang_code = ar
| country = India
| language = Arabic
| subject = ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]''
| genre = Commentary
| media_type = Print
| isbn =
| oclc = 23607312
| dewey = 297.125
| congress = BP135.A128 M832
| website =
| published = 1971
}}
'''''Al-Abwab wa al-Tarajim li Sahih al-Bukhari''''' ({{langx|ar|الابواب و التراجم لصحیح البخاری}}) is a three-volume Arabic commentary written by [[Zakariyya Kandhlawi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ismail |first1=Mohd Aashif |last2=Majid |first2=Latifah Abdul |last3=Nazri |first3=Mohd Arif |year=2022 |title=Penggunaan Ungkapan Al-Auj'ah ᶜIndī Di Sisi Zakariyya Al-Kāndahlawi: Tumpuan Terhadap Karya Al- Abwāb Wa Al-Tarājim Li Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī |url=https://spaj.ukm.my/jalturath/index.php/jalturath/article/view/220 |url-status=live |journal=Al-turath Journal of Al-quran and Al-sunnah |language=ms |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=29–36 |issn=0128-0899 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203130157/https://spaj.ukm.my/jalturath/index.php/jalturath/article/view/220 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref> It serves as an analysis and explanation of the chapters and narrators found in ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', one of the most esteemed collections of [[Hadith]]. The commentary is the result of four decades of effort by the author. In this commentary, Kandhlawi presents seventy principles that aid in understanding the chapter headings of ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. He provides commentary on each chapter, illustrating the connections between the chapter headings and the related hadiths. This work addresses the challenge faced by scholars in establishing these connections, contributing to the scholarly discourse surrounding ''Sahih al-Bukhari''.

== Background ==
Among the reasons that highlight the significance of ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' in [[Hadith studies]] are its chapters and biographies. Scholars of Hadith and experts in narration have dedicated efforts to understand their essence and nuances. Several explanations of ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' have focused on these chapters and biographies, resulting in numerous books and treatises.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Chaudhary |first=Muhammad Nawaz |title=Religious and academic services of Hazrat Maulana Zakaria |publisher=[[University of the Punjab]] |year=1992 |location=Pakistan |language=ur |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/8810 |type=PhD |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830142215/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/8810 |url-status=live |pages=193}}</ref> [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] began writing a concise treatise on the biographies of the chapters, but it remained incomplete. In his treatise, he outlined fifteen principles regarding the biographies. Similarly, [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi]] composed a brief treatise explaining fourteen principles related to the biographies. Zakariyya Kandhlawi devoted a significant portion of his life to studying Hadith, including a thorough examination of ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. He documented his research findings and compiled the treatises of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, Shah Waliullah, and [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]]. Additionally, Kandhlawi added his own principles to the existing ones.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=194}}<ref name=":DUOB">{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD|pages=318|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044219/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1390 AH, while residing in [[Medina]], he thoroughly reviewed the literature on this subject from the past four decades for this book. He provided further explanations and improved his insights based on renewed contemplation, with assistance from Abdul Hafiz al-Makki. During his journey to India, Muhammad Aqil, Muhammad Yunus, Muhammad Salman, and others supported him in the review process.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Maliq |first=Abdul |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/293977 |title=Moulana Muhammad Zakariyya Hayatuhu Wa A Maluhu |publisher=Department of Arabic, [[University of Madras]] |year=2001 |location=India |language=ar |hdl=10603/293977 |degree=PhD |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621140458/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/293977 |url-status=live |page=69}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Khatoon |first=Aaisha |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |title=Aazadi ke Baad Hindustan ki Khidmaat e Hadith |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |page= |location=India |language=urdu |type=PhD |hdl=10603/364027 |pages=127–128 |access-date=2023-10-24 |archive-date=2023-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024064943/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Content ==
The book is organized into several sections. The first section highlights the significance of ''Sahih al-Bukhari'''s biographies and mentions existing literature dedicated to them. The second section discusses essential principles and rules related to ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' and the biographies, as mentioned in various books and [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]]. The third section provides a detailed explanation and clarification of these principles. The fourth section addresses criticisms of the chapters and biographies. Finally, the book concludes with the compilation of these chapters and biographies. Notably, the book does not include Hadiths in Hussain, as they are derived from Mahmud Hasan Deobandi's treatise on biographies and are based on four sources. These chapters, labeled as "Tarajim" or biographies, lack narrated Hadiths but contain verses, Hadiths, sayings of predecessors, or the author's own statements. The author has translated them based on his own statements. The third part of the book provides a detailed explanation of the principles of biographies, derived from various scholars' works and the author's own contemplation, study, taste, and conscientiousness.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=195}}

== Methodology ==
The book primarily consists of citations and references as Zakariyya Kandhlawi explores the chapters and narrations of ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. He draws upon the statements and opinions of predecessors and scholars, but also presents his own research findings and respectfully expresses differences when necessary. The author approaches the study impartially, avoiding direct criticism of general critics. He compares the works of other scholars and occasionally questions established viewpoints. The book includes examples to support principles and discussions, rectifying any errors. It clarifies terms and identifies reliable narrations. Similar principles are differentiated, and redundancy is eliminated.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=196}}<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Kamal |first=Mohd Arif |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364940 |title=Ulema e Hind ki Bisween Sadi Nisf Awwal mein Khidmat e Hadith Tanquidi Mutala |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2020 |location=India |language=ur |type=PhD |pages=128–130 |hdl=10603/364940 |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101061946/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364940 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
According to Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhary, a PhD scholar at the [[University of the Punjab]], the purpose of this book is to compile and enhance the existing material on ''Sahih al-Bukhari''<nowiki/>'s work with additions and explanations.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=196}} [[Yusuf Banuri]] highlights that [[Ibn Khaldun]] believed it was the responsibility of the [[Ummah]] to comment on and explain ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. [[Al-Sakhawi]] argued that ''[[Fath al-Bari]]'' fulfilled this responsibility. However, [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]], referring to their teacher [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]], expressed that the debt of commenting and explaining ''Sahih al-Bukhari''<nowiki/>'s chapter headings remained unfulfilled. Previously, it was thought that Mahmud Hasan Deobandi's work ''Sharh Al-Abwaab wat Taraajim'' would settle this debt, but it remained unfinished. Now, it is recognized that Zakariyya Kandhlawi has fulfilled this responsibility on behalf of the Ummah.<ref name=":TLOUD">{{Cite book |last1=Kajee |first1=Imraan |url=https://spirituallight.co.za/node/141 |title=The legacy of the Ulama of Deoband |last2=Kajee |first2=Moosa |publisher=Spiritual Light |isbn=979-8861344210 |year=2018 |location=South Africa |pages=46 |language=en |access-date=7 March 2023 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925151938/http://spirituallight.co.za/node/141 |url-status=live }}</ref> Riyaz Ahmad, a PhD scholar from [[Aligarh Muslim University]], praised this work as a comprehensive and highly regarded contribution to the subject matter.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ahmad |first=Riyaz |title=Maulana Mohd Zakaria ki Elm E hadees men Khidmaat |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2009 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/57134 |degree=PhD |url=https://core.ac.uk/display/144524601?source=1&algorithmId=15&similarToDoc=144523409&similarToDocKey=CORE&recSetID=cb65ce6f-dd11-4a75-a8eb-a95e4ded5f93&position=3&recommendation_type=same_repo&otherRecs=144527167,144526634,144524601,144527160,144521013 |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627220558/https://core.ac.uk/display/144524601?source=1&algorithmId=15&similarToDoc=144523409&similarToDocKey=CORE&recSetID=cb65ce6f-dd11-4a75-a8eb-a95e4ded5f93&position=3&recommendation_type=same_repo&otherRecs=144527167,144526634,144524601,144527160,144521013 |url-status=live |page=96}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Deobandi hadith studies]]
* [[Works of Zakariyya Kandhlawi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

* {{Cite book |last=Adrawi |first=Asir |author-link=Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi |url=https://archive.org/download/Maktaba-Maulana-Nizamuddin-Aseer-Adravi-Sahib/Dabistan-i-Deoband-Ki-Ilmi-Khidmaat.pdf |title=Dabistan-i Deoband ki Ilmi Khidmaat |publisher=Darulmuaallifeen |year=1995 |location=Deoband, UP, India |language=ur |oclc=47964786 |pages=71–73}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Hossain |first=Abu Sayyim Md. Tofazzal |url=http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3317 |title=Mawlana Zakaria Kandhalovi (Rh.): Life And Study Of Hadith |date=2024 |publisher=[[University of Dhaka]]|degree=PhD |location=Bangladesh |pages=299 |language=bn}}

== External links ==
* [[iarchive:al-Abwab-wa-al-Tarajim-li-Sahih-al-Bukhari-By-Maulana-Zakariya-Kandhalvi-ra|''Al-Abwab wa al-Tarajim li Sahih al-Bukhari'']] at [[Internet Archive]]
{{Zakariyya Kandhlawi}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Deobandi hadith literature]]
[[Category:Books by Zakariyya Kandhlawi]]
[[Category:Islamic literature]]
[[Category:Sunni literature]]
[[Category:Arabic-language books]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian religious texts]]
[[Category:Commentaries on Sahih al-Bukhari]]

Mappillai (Tamil TV series)

2025-10-05T08:15:04Z

Amanshrbiz: started new stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Son in-law
| image = Mappillai (Tamil TV series).png
| caption = Official logo
| genre = Soap opera
| creator =
| based_on =
| director = Francis Kathiravan
| screenplay =
| story =
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Senthil Kumar]] [[Sreeja Chandran]]
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 241
| list_episodes =
| producer = R. Atharsha R. Bharathy Pirabhakaran Jagan Manju
| company = Fiction Team
| theme_music_composer = Ilayavan
| opentheme =
| cinematography = M. Antony
| editor = PM ACHUTHAN
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Star Vijay]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2016|11|14}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2017|10|6}}
}}

'''Mappillai''' is a 2016 Indian [[Tamil language]] soap opera starring [[Senthil Kumar]] and [[Sreeja Chandran]]. [[STAR Vijay]] initially broadcast the series on weeknights at 9:00PM ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]), with the debut episode screened on 14 November 2016.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/In-Maapilai-story-revolves-around-the-son-in-law/articleshow/55434664.cms|title=In Maapilai, story revolves around the son-in-law|website=The Times of India|archive-date=22 November 2016|access-date=15 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122023453/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/In-Maapilai-story-revolves-around-the-son-in-law/articleshow/55434664.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 June 2017, the broadcast time of the show was changed to 8:00PM ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]).

The show reunited actor-actress couple Senthil Kumar and Sreeja Chandran, who previously starred together in television soap operas ''Madhurai'', and the first season of ''[[Saravanan Meenatchi]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/mappillai-vijay-tv-new-serial-042739.html|title="மாப்பிள்ளை"... மீண்டும் விஜய் டிவியில் உங்கள் அபிமான "செந்தில்- ஸ்ரீஜா"!|website=tamil.filmibeat.com|archive-date=18 November 2016|access-date=17 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118041302/http://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/mappillai-vijay-tv-new-serial-042739.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/senthil-sreeja-back-on-the-small-screen/article9350032.ece|title=Senthil, Sreeja back on the small screen|website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/52786/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/again-back-with-a-boom-in-vijai-tv-as-mapillai-mirchi-senthil.htm|title=Mappillai New Serial on Vijay TV|website=[[Dinamalar]]|archive-date=6 April 2023|access-date=28 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406190116/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/52786/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/again-back-with-a-boom-in-vijai-tv-as-mapillai-mirchi-senthil.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The show ended from 6 October 2017 with 241 Episodes.

==Plot==
It is a story about Senthil ([[Senthil Kumar]]), who is forced to live in his mother-in law's house, which isn't a dignity according to Tamil people. Further, the show deals with the difficulties he goes through in Jaya's ([[Sreeja Chandran]]) house because of her parents and how a husband supports his wife in achieving success in her life.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Senthil Kumar]] as [[Senthil Kumar]] "Senthil"
* [[Sreeja Chandran]] as Jaya Chandran "Jaya" (Maya)
* Pandi Kamal as Kamal
* [[Janani Ashok Kumar]] as Janani Kamal <ref>{{cite news|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/61197/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/I-got-identity-in-Mapillai-says-Janani.htm|title=I got identity in Mappillai says Janani|website=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref>
* Rajashekar as Chandran, Jaya, Ramya, Janani, Sakthi & Divya's father
* Nikitha Murali as Sivani

===Recurring===
* Azhgappan as Azhagappan
* Anbazhgan as Anbazhagan "Anbu"
* Priya Prince as Priya
* Ramya Ramakrishna as Ramya Chandran
* Teenu as Sakthi Tamizh: Krish's 1st lover and Tamizh's wife
* Vaishali Taniga as Divya Chandran
* [[Sabitha Anand]] as Sharadha: Senthil, Kamal & Shalu's mother
* Shamily Sukumar as Shalu, Senthil's sister & Krish's wife
* RJ Navalakshmi as police inspector Selvi
* Viji Kannan as Parvathi Jaya, Ramya, Janani, Sakthi & Divya's mother
* Devi Priya as Devi
* Maanas Chavali as Krishna "Krish"
* [[Amit Bhargav]] as Deepak
* Stalin Muthu as Tamizh
* Yamini as Maggi aka Madhumitha
* Kumaran Thangarajan as Jeeva

== Awards and nominations ==
In 2017, at its [[Vijay Television Awards]], the channel gave its Nominated nine Category awards and This series was won Four awards.

{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|- bgcolor="blue"
!style="width:25pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Year
!style="width:80pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Award
!style="width:120pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Category
!style="width:60pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Recipient
!style="width:60pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Role
!style="width:40pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Result
|-
|rowspan="9" | 2017 <ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-tv-awards-on-may-6/articleshow/58475786.cms|title=Vijay TV Awards 2017 on May 6|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|archive-date=15 May 2017|access-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515005517/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-tv-awards-on-may-6/articleshow/58475786.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/watch-vijay-awards-at-3-pm-today/articleshow/58773010.cms|title=Watch Vijay Awards at 3 pm today|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|archive-date=10 August 2017|access-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810011944/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/watch-vijay-awards-at-3-pm-today/articleshow/58773010.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| rowspan="9" | [[Vijay Television Awards]]
| Favourite Screen Pair
| [[Senthil Kumar|Senthil]] & [[Sreeja Chandran|Sreeja]]
| Senthil Kumar & Jaya
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Mamiyar
| [[Sabitha Anand]]
| Sharadha
| {{Won}}
|-
| Favourite Comedian Fiction
| Anbazhagan
| Anbu
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Cinematographer
| M. Antony
| Himself
| {{Won}}
|-
| Favourite Actor
| [[Senthil Kumar]]
| Senthil Kumar
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Favourite Actress
| [[Sreeja Chandran]]
| Jaya
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Best Mother
| [[Sabitha Anand]]
| Sharadha
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Best Negative role
| Viji Kannan
| Parvathi
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Best Family
| Mappillai
|
| {{Nominated}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hotstar.com/tv/maapillai/11856/episodes/11702/9993 Official Website] at [[hotstar]]
* {{IMDb title|tt12307212}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2016 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Lal Mandi Footbridge

2025-09-26T15:14:16Z

Amanshrbiz: slightly cleaned up section for consistency and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Footbridge in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox Bridge
|name = Lal Mandi Footbridge
|image = View of Footbridge.JPG
|caption =
|official_name =
|carries = Bicycles, Pedestrians
|crosses = [[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]
|locale = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
|maint =
|id =
|designer =
|design = [[Suspension Bridge]]
|material = [[Concrete]], [[Steel]]
|spans = 3
|pierswater = 2
|mainspan = {{convert|66|m|ft}}
|length = {{convert|130|m|ft}}
|width = {{convert|4|m|ft}}
|height =
|load =
|clearance =
|below =
|traffic =
|preceded = [[Abdullah Bridge]]
|followed = [[Amira Kadal]]
|begin =
|complete =
|open = {{Start-date|13 July 2005}}
|closed =
|replaces =
|named_for =
|toll =
|map_cue =
|map_image =
|map_text =
|map_width =
|coordinates = {{coord|34|4|5.81|N|74|48|44.55|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

The '''Lal Mandi Footbridge''' is a [[Suspension Bridge|suspension-type]] [[Footbridge|pedestrian]] [[bridge]] located in the city of [[Srinagar]] in the Indian [[Kashmir Conflict|union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It connects [[Wazir Bagh]] areas of the city to the city centre [[Lal Chowk]]. Completed in July 2005, it was the first of its kind in the region and connects the Wazir Bagh locality to [[Lal Chowk]], easing pedestrian movement and reducing ferry dependency. The bridge played a key role in decongesting nearby roadways and enhancing walkability in the city center. In 2019, it was upgraded with programmable RGB facade lighting under the Srinagar Smart City initiative to improve its nighttime visibility and aesthetics.

==History==
The Lal Mandi Footbridge, completed on 13 July 2005, was the first suspension-type pedestrian bridge across the [[Jhelum River]] in [[Srinagar]], linking the Wazir Bagh area to the city centre at [[Lal Chowk]].<ref name="primary">{{cite web|title=Bridges of Srinagar|url=http://www.kashmirnetwork.com/justju/static.php?page=static140320-002250|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217121828/http://www.kashmirnetwork.com/justju/static.php?page=static140320-002250|archivedate=2015-02-17 |website=kashmirnetwork.com}}</ref> It was constructed over two years under the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|PDP]]-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]] government led by [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed|Mufti Mohammed Sayeed]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kashmir as a Borderland: The Politics of Space and Belonging across the Line of Control 9789048543991 |url=https://dokumen.pub/kashmir-as-a-borderland-the-politics-of-space-and-belonging-across-the-line-of-control-9789048543991.html |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=dokumen.pub |language=en}}</ref> easing pedestrian dependency on shikara ferries and reducing congestion on nearby road bridges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=People prefer Lal Mandi footbridge over vehicles in reaching Lal Chowk |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/oct/25/people-prefer-lal-mandi-footbridge-over-vehicles-in-reaching-lal-chowk-18.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124213436/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/oct/25/people-prefer-lal-mandi-footbridge-over-vehicles-in-reaching-lal-chowk-18.asp |archive-date=2010-11-24 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=www.greaterkashmir.com |language=en}}</ref> In October 2019, the footbridge was equipped with facade lighting, including programmable RGB luminaires and 21 kV backup, under the Srinagar Smart City project to enhance its nighttime appearance alongside other key bridges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-01 |title=3 city bridges being facade lighted for enhancing look |url=https://kashmirreader.com/2019/10/22/3-city-bridges-being-facade-lighted-for-enhancing-look/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Kashmir Reader |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Structure ==
The Lal Mandi Footbridge lies between the coordinates 34°4'4.16"N and 34°4'7.34"N, with UTM positions ranging from 482719.36 to 482670.777. It is a 120.97-long [[Suspension bridge|suspension-type]] pedestrian bridge with a width of 4 meters, allowing safe crossing for pedestrians and cyclists. The bridge comprises three piers, each spaced with a horizontal clearance of 35 meters, and maintains a vertical clearance of 0.7 meters above the high flood level (HFL).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lal Mandi Footbridge (Srinagar, 2005) |url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/lal-mandi-footbridge |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Structurae |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Consultancy services for preparation of detailed project report including technical and financial study in River Jhelum (NW 49) |publisher=WAPCOS Limited |url=https://iwai.nic.in/sites/default/files/NW-49%20Final%20Jhelum%20DPR.pdf |date=February 2020 |volume=1 |location=Gurgaon |pages=13}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Zero Bridge]]
*[[Abdullah Bridge]]
*[[Amira Kadal]]
*JK Krishi Vikas Cooperative Ltd.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Gallery==
<Gallery mode=packed>
File:View of Footbridge.JPG|A view of Footbridge.
File:Jhelum Footbridge.jpg|Footbridge and [[Jhelum]].
File:Abi Guzar Bund.JPG|Footbridge connecting Abi Guzar Bund and Silk Factory road.
File:Footbridge Snow.jpg|A view of Footbridge during winter.
</Gallery>

{{Bridges of Srinagar}}

[[Category:Bridges in Srinagar]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Srinagar]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Jhelum River]]
[[Category:Bridges in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Pedestrian bridges in India]]
[[Category:Suspension bridges in India]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 2005]]
[[Category:Transport in Srinagar]]

Jayavarman I of Malwa

2025-09-26T07:44:30Z

Amanshrbiz: done

{{Short description|King of Malwa from 1142 to 1143}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Jayavarman
| title = Parama-bhattaraka [[Maharaja|Maharajadhiraja]] Parameshvara
| succession = [[King of Malwa]]
| reign = {{circa|1142|1143}}
| predecessor = [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]]
| successor = Ballala (usurper) in Malwa, Lakshmivarman(brother) in the Bhopal area principality
| issue = [[Vindhyavarman]]
| regnal name = Jayavarman or Ajayavarman
| father = [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| dynasty = [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]
}}
'''Jayavarman''' (reigned 1142–1143), also known as '''Ajayavarman''', was an Indian king from the [[Paramara dynasty]], who ruled in the [[Malwa]] region of central India. He appears to have recaptured the Paramara capital [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]] after a [[Chaulukya]] occupation of the city. Sometime later, an usurper named Ballala became the control of the city, and Jayavarman appears to have moved to a newly created principality in the [[Bhopal]] area.

== Recapture of Dhara ==

Jayavarman succeeded his father [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]] as the Paramara king. The relationship between Jayavarman and Yashovarman is confirmed by the Piplianagar inscription of their descendant [[Arjunavarman]], which calls Jayavarman "Ajayavarman".{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|pp=130-131}} During Yashovarman's reign, the [[Chaulukya]]s from the west had captured a large part of the Paramara kingdom, as attested by the 1138 [[Ujjain]] inscription of the Chaulukya king [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]]. The Paramara power was also threatened by the [[Chandela]]s in the east, and [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Chalukyas]] in the south. Amid these circumstances, Jayavarman appears to have moved to the Bhopal region, closer to the territory of his south-eastern neighbours, the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. The Kalachuri king [[Gayakarna]] had married a Paramara princess, and presumably had good relations with the Paramara family.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=130}} Around 1142–1143, Jayavarman seems to have regained control of at least a part of his ancestral kingdom, including the capital Dhara. This is suggested by his grant inscription, in which he assumes the titles of a paramount sovereign.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=23}}{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=132}}

If Jayavarman indeed controlled the traditional Paramara territory of [[Malwa]], he may have suffered some reverses at his southern frontier: the contemporary southern kings such as the Chalukya ruler [[Jagadhekamalla II]] and the [[Hoysala]] ruler [[Vishnuvardhana]] claim victories over Malava (that is, Malwa) in their inscriptions.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=23}}

== Last days and succession ==

The Paramara genealogy after Jayavarman is not clear, as different inscriptions provide varying details about his successors.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=24}}

Some years after Jayavarman's ascension, the Paramara territory came under the rule of a person named Ballala, who is called the king of Dhara in the 1160 [[Veraval]] inscription, the king of Malava in a [[Mount Abu]] inscription, and the king of [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]] in Hemachandra's ''Dvyashraya Kavya''.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=23}} Modern scholars variously speculate him to be a former Paramara feudatory, a [[Hoysala]] chief, or a governor installed by the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]].{{sfn|K. C. Jain|1972|p=363}} He was defeated by the [[Chaulukya]]s, who re-occupied the Paramara territory in the 1150s.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|pp=23-24}}

Meanwhile, the Paramara royals appear to have moved to the area around present-day [[Bhopal]], where their inscriptions have been discovered. In these inscriptions, they assume the low-status title ''mahakumara''. Their political relation with the Chaulukyas is not certain.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=24}} The move to Bhopal probably happened during Jayavarman's time, as an inscription mentions his grant of some places in the Mahadvadashaka-mandala region. The inscription records the confirmation of these grants by his brother Lakshmivarman, so it appears that Jayavarman lost the newly created principality of Bhopal, possibly to an invasion from the east by the [[Chandela]] king [[Madanavarman]]. He probably died in a conflict against the Chaulukyas, and the Bhopal area was recaptured by his brother Lakshmivarman.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|pp=24-25}}

Lakshmivarman's son Harishchandra and grandson Udayavarman ruled after him: none of these princes appear to have made an attempt to recapture their ancestral kingdom. Sometime before 1190, Jayavarman's son [[Vindhyavarman]] regained control of a substantial part of the former Paramara territory,{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=25}} possibly during the reign of the Chaulukya king [[Mularaja II]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1977|p=328}}

== Ujjain inscription ==

Only one inscription issued by Jayavarman, found at [[Ujjain]] by [[James Tod]], is available.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=129}} The date of the inscription was probably present on its second copper plate, which is now lost.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=132}} Tod presented the inscription to the [[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland]] in 1824; it was later moved to the [[British Museum]] in London. The inscription's text was edited by [[Henry Thomas Colebrooke|H. T. Colebrooke]] with a facsimile and a translation, amended by F. E. Hall, and later re-edited by [[Lorenz Franz Kielhorn|F. Kielhorn]] (1890) and H. V. Trivedi (1991).{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|pp=129-130}}

The inscription is written in [[Sanskrit]] language and [[Nagari script]]. Like many other Paramara inscriptions, it first praises the god [[Shiva]], and provides a genealogy of the Paramara dynasty. It mentions the kings [[Udayaditya]], [[Naravarman]], [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]], and Jayavarman. All the kings are titled ''Parama-bhattaraka'', ''Maharajadhiraja'', and ''Parameshvara''.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=130}} The inscription then states that Jayavarman, who was residing at Vardhamana-pura (modern [[Badnawar]]) at the time the inscription was issued, had granted the Mayamodaka village connected to Vatakhetaka, while he was staying at Chandrapuri.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=131}} Vatakhetaka may be identified with present-day [[Barkheda, Bhopal|Barkheda]]; Chandrapuri was possibly located around modern [[Bhopal]] area, where Jayavarman stayed during the Chaulukya occupation of Malwa, and made the grant of Mayamodaka. After regaining control of Malwa, he seems to have issued the Ujjain inscription confirming the grant as the king of Malwa.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=132}}

The name of the donee is lost, but he was a man of [[Bharadvaja]] [[gotra]], a resident of Raja-Brahmapuri, and a native of Adriyalaviddhavari in Dakshina-desha ("southern country").{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=131}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite journal |author=Arvind K. Singh |title=Interpreting the History of the Paramāras |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=22 |issue=1 |year=2012 |pages=13–28 |jstor=41490371 }}
* {{cite book |author=K. C. Jain |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA354 |year=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9 }}
* {{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |title=Ancient India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120804364 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&pg=PA327 }}
* {{cite book |author=Harihar Vitthal Trivedi |title=Inscriptions of the Paramāras (Part 2) |series=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume VII: Inscriptions of the Paramāras, Chandēllas, Kachchapaghātas, and two minor dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B4LAQAAMAAJ |year=1991 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1451755 |ref={{harvid|H. V. Trivedi|1991}} }}
{{ref end}}

{{Paramara dynasty}}

[[Category:Kings of Malwa]]
[[Category:Paramara dynasty]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:12th-century monarchs in Asia]]

Avinash Chander

2025-09-24T23:16:16Z

Amanshrbiz: add details to improve readability and corrected details based on references

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Avinash Chander
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 12th JUNE,1964
| birth_place = Jalandhar
| residence = Boota Mandi, [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]. 2nd address- Chotti baradari
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
| constituency = [[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)#Kartarpur|Kartarpur]]
| term = 2007 - 2012
| predecessor = [[Jagjit Singh (politician)|Chaudhry Jagjit Singh]]
| successor = Avinash chander
| constituency2 = [[Phillaur Assembly constituency|Phillaur]]
| term2 = 2012 - 2017
| predecessor2 = Santokh singh chaudhary
| successor2 = Avinash chander
| party = BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY (BJP)
| religion =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
}}

'''Avinash Chander''' is an Indian politician and belongs to Bharatiya janata party (BJP). He was the member of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] and represented Kartarpur (2007-2012) and Phillaur ( 2012-2017) from Shiromani Akali Dal. He was also the chief parliamentary secretary for Higher Education & Languages department. In 2022, he joined BJP and now he is the member of core committee Punjab.

==Family==
His father's name is Mool Raj. His grandfather's name is [[Seth Kishan Dass]].<ref>{{cite web|title=MyNeta Profile|url=http://myneta.info/pb2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=116|publisher=Association for Democratic Reforms|access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref>

==Political career==
Avinash Chander was first elected to Punjab Legislative Assembly from [[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)#Kartarpur|Kartarpur]] in 2007 by defeating Chaudhary Jagjit singh.<ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2007 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PUNJAB|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rep_2007_PB.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref> In 2012, he successfully contested from the new constituency Phillaur and defeated Santokh singh chaudhary.<ref name=aaa>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2012 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PUNJAB|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_PB_2012.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref> In 2022, he joined BJP and now he is the member of the core committee Punjab.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chander, Avinash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal politicians]]
[[Category:People from Jalandhar district]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:1964 births]]

Muthaval

2025-09-20T08:18:19Z

Amanshrbiz: started new details!

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Muthaval
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.291153|N|73.1474995|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwandi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 11
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 591
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 552647
| footnotes =
}}
'''Muthaval''' is a village in the [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Bhiwandi]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Muthaval has 123 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 94.3%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 591 || 322 || 269
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 65 || 35 || 30
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 13 || 8 || 5
|-
| Literates || 496 || 280 || 216
|-
| Workers (all) || 207 || 193 || 14
|-
| Main workers (total) || 202 || 190 || 12
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 55 || 50 || 5
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 12 || 10 || 2
|-
| Main workers: Other || 134 || 129 || 5
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 5 || 3 || 2
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 3 || 1 || 2
|-
| Non-workers || 384 || 129 || 255
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bhiwandi taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhiwandi taluka]]

Jail Ward

2025-08-05T05:19:06Z

Amanshrbiz: done

{{one source|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Jail Ward
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]] under [[Kohima]]
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.657162|N|94.096170|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of urban centres in Nagaland|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kohima]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jail Ward''' is a ward located under [[Nagaland]]'s capital city, [[Kohima]]. The ward falls under the designated Ward No. 19 of the [[Kohima Municipal Council]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|title=Map of Kohima/ wards and colonies|publisher=[[Kohima Municipal Council]]|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728210828/https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Municipal Wards of Kohima]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map19.html Map of Kohima Ward No. 19] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016085512/https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map19.html |date=16 October 2021 }}

[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:Wards of Kohima]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Hansraj Patel

2025-07-16T22:57:20Z

Amanshrbiz: new

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hansraj Patel
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| constituency = [[Kotputli Assembly constituency|Kotputli]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Rajender Singh Yadav]]
}}

'''Hansraj Patel''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Kotputli Assembly constituency]] in the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]s, defeating the incumbent [[Rajender Singh Yadav]].<ref>{{cite news |title=कोटपूतली में कांग्रेस को लगा झटका:बीजेपी के हंसराज पटेल जीते, कांग्रेस के राजेंद्र यादव को हराया |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/kotputli/news/kotputali-election-results-2023-update-hanshraj-patel-bjp-vs-rajendra-yadav-congress-132228008.html |date=2 December 2023 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=कोटपूतली से भाजपा प्रत्याशी हंसराज पटेल जीते, जीत की खबर मिलते ही रो पड़े |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jaipur/kotputli-chunav-result-2023-check-kotputli-vidhan-sabha-election-result-congress-vs-bjp-winners-list/1987887 |date=3 December 2023 |work=Zee News |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kotputli Election Result 2023 Live Updates: BJP's Hansraj Patel Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kotputli-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687298.html |website=News18 |date=3 December 2023 |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कोटपूतली विधानसभा सीट: यहां से भाजपा ने हंसराज पटेल को दिया टिकट, जानें क्षेत्र का पूरा गणित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/sikar-rajasthan-assembly-election-kotputli-vidhan-sabha-seat-profile-statistical-data-chunav-aayog-7867266.html |website=News18 हिंदी |publisher=Network18 |date=13 November 2023 |access-date=12 May 2025 |language=hi}}</ref>

==Election results==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ 2023 Kotputli Assembly Election Results<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/kotputli | title=Kotputli Constituency Election Results 2023: Kotputli Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner | website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kotputli Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023: बीजेपी के हंसराज पटेल जीते |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/kotputli-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830416-2023-12-03 |website=Aaj Tak |date=3 December 2023 |access-date=12 May 2025 |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
! Year !! Constituency !! Candidate !! Party !! Votes !! Percentage !! Result
|-
| 2023 || Kotputli || Hansraj Patel || {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}} BJP || 67,716 || 38.37% || Elected
|-
| 2023 || Kotputli || Rajendra Singh Yadav || {{flagicon image|Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg}} INC || 67,395 || 38.19% || Runner-up
|-
| 2023 || Kotputli || Mukesh Goyal || IND || 33,850 || 19.18% || Lost
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.facebook.com/Hansrajpatelbjp/ Hansraj Patel on Facebook]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Hansraj}}
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:People from Jaipur district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

Leela Joshi

2024-12-10T20:18:06Z

Amanshrbiz: started new article!

{{short description|Gynecologist and social worker}}{{Infobox person
| name = Leela Joshi
| birth_place = Rajasthan
| citizenship = Indian
| occupation = Gynaecologist
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2020)
}}

'''Leela Joshi''' is an Indian [[Obstetrics and gynaecology|gynaecologist]] and social worker known for her work for the welfare of tribal women and teenage girls suffering from [[Anemia]] in [[Ratlam district]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2020-03-03 |title=The journey of 'Mother Teresa' of MP who dedicated her life in service of tribal women |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/bharat/bharat-news/the-journey-of-mother-teresa-of-mp-who-dedicated-her-life-in-service-to-tribal-women/na20200303071500155 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> She has been nicknamed [[Mother Teresa]] of Madhya Pradesh and received [[Padma Shri]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/dr-leela-joshi-mother-teresa-of-mp-awarded-padma-shri-for-22-year-service-to-tribal-women-2474885.html |title=Dr Leela Joshi, Mother Teresa of MP, Awarded Padma Shri for 22-Year Service to Tribal Women |last=Trivedi |first=Vivek |date=2020-01-27 |website=News18 |access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref>

==Career==
Joshi began her career as an assistant surgeon with [[Indian Railways]] in [[Kota, Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/happylife/news/dr-leela-joshi-madhya-pradesh-women-padma-shri-award-2020-winner-126671567.html |title=22 सालों से आदिवासी महिलाओं का मुफ्त इलाज कर रहीं 82 साल की लीला जोशी, इन्हें मध्य प्रदेश की मदर टेरेसा कहते हैं |last=Sinha |first=Mansi |date=2020-02-04 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref> She retired from the railways in 1997 from the position of Chief Medical Director. After retirement, she moved to Ratlam district in Madhya Pradesh where she started providing free healthcare services to tribal women and children.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-27 |title=Dr Leela Joshi, Mother Teresa of MP, Awarded Padma Shri for 22-Year Service to Tribal Women |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/dr-leela-joshi-mother-teresa-of-mp-awarded-padma-shri-for-22-year-service-to-tribal-women-2474885.html |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

She was listed among the top 100 influential women in the country in a survey carried out by the Dept of Women and Child Development and in 2020, she was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] India's fourth highest civilian award for her work amongst Tribals in [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.patrika.com/ratlam-news/padma-shri-award-for-ratlam-doctor-leela-joshi-5694515/ | title=रतलाम की डॉक्टर लीला जोशी को पद्यश्री ... | publisher=Patrika | date=26 January 2020 | access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/ratlam/news/mp-news-dr-leela-joshi-has-received-many-national-honors-before-padmashri-indira-gandhi-also-gave-praise-082522-6481516.html | title=पद्मश्री से पहले कई राष्ट्रीय सम्मान मिले हैं डॉक्टर लीला जोशी को, इंदिरा गांधी ने भी दी थी शाबासी | publisher=Dainik Bhaskar | date=26 January 2020 | access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-ministers-arun-jaitley-sushma-swaraj-and-george-fernandes-given-padma-vibhushan/articleshow/73617205.cms | title=Arun Jaitley, Sushma Swaraj, George Fernandes given Padma Vibhushan posthumously. Here's full list of Padma award recipients | publisher=[[The Economic Times]] | date=26 January 2020 | access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=National Doctor's Day: The Medical Heroes Who Won a Padma Award in 2020 |work=News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/national-doctors-day-the-medical-heroes-who-won-a-padma-award-in-2020-2694113.html |access-date=2021-09-01}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Leela}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian obstetricians]]
[[Category:Indian gynaecologists]]
[[Category:Indian women gynaecologists]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Madhya Pradesh]]