Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Suri Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T15:24:13Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up The Data First Draft

{{Short description|Constituency of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly, in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Suri
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Suri.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Suri Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Bikash Roy Chowdhury]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]]
| constituency_no = 285
| established = 1951
| electors = 198,677
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Suri Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Birbhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 285, Suri Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]] municipality, [[Suri I]] [[Community Development Block in India|CD Block]], [[Rajnagar (community development block)|Rajnagar]] CD Block, and Chinpai, Gohaliara, Parulia and Sahapur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Dubrajpur (community development block)|Dubrajpur]] CD Block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-09-26 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

Suri Assembly constituency is part of No. 42 [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Suri}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jagannath Chattopadhyay
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 124243
|percentage = 52.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ujjal Chatterjee
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = 95557
|percentage = 40.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Motiur Rahaman
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 8064
|percentage = 3.38
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Adhikari Sanjoy
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 2674
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bhaskar Das
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 872
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Nitai Ankur
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|votes = 230
|percentage = 0.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kohinur Khatun
|party =Janata Unnayan Party
|votes = 394
|percentage = 0.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1832
|percentage = 0.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:28686}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:238504}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = TMC
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Suri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Bikash Roy Chowdhury
|votes = 105,871
|percentage = 48.80
|change = {{increase}}1.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jagannath Chattopadhyay
|votes = 98,551
|percentage = 45.50
|change = {{increase}}29.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chanchal Chatterjee
|votes = 8,267
|percentage = 3.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Nitai Ankur
|votes = 2,084
|percentage = 1.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Khurshid Alam
|votes = 1,318
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 7,320
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Suri}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Asok Chattopadhyay
|votes = 94,036
|percentage = 47.68
|change = {{decrease}}3.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Dr. Ram Chandra Dome
|votes = 62,228
|percentage = 31.55
|change = {{decrease}}8.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Joy Banerjee]]
|votes = 32,112
|percentage = 16.28
|change = {{increase}}12.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sunil Soren
|votes = 2,748
|percentage = 1.39
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Swadhin Dului
|votes = 1,928
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 4,188
|percentage = 2.12
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 31,808
|percentage = 16.13
|change = +4.96
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 197,240
|percentage = 83.61
|change = -2.52
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 235,902
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Swapan Kanti Ghosh of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Abdul Ghaffar of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Suri<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25285.htm|title = Suri|work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results| publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=285| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526072655/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=285| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Suri| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-04-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_2nd_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Suri |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-04-20 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030419/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_2nd_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Swapan Kanti Ghosh
|votes = 88,244
|percentage = 51.57
|change = +5.15#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Abdul Gaffar
|votes = 69,127
|percentage = 40.40
|change = -8.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Partha Pratim De
|votes = 6,649
|percentage = 3.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Maniruddin Sheikh
|votes = 3,926
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ujjwal Kumar Sow Mondal
|votes = 2,009
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rabilal Hembram
|votes = 1,168
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 171,123
|percentage = 86.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = +13.26#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the 2006 state assembly elections Tapan Roy of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Suri assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Swapan Kanti Ghosh of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Braja Mukherjee of CPI(M) defeated [[Suniti Chattaraj]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2001. [[Suniti Chattaraj]] of Congress defeated Tapan Roy of CPI(M) in 1996. Tapan Roy of CPI(M) defeated [[Suniti Chattaraj]] of Congress in 1991 and 1987. [[Suniti Chattaraj]] of Congress defeated Keshab Das of CPI(M) in 1982 and Arun Kumar Chowdhury in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp288.htm | title = 288 - Suri Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 2010-10-01 }}</ref>

===1951–1972===
Suniti Chattaraj of Congress won in 1972. [[Prativa Mukherjee]] of [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|SUC]] in 1971 and 1969. Baidyanath Bandopadhyay of Congress won in 1967 and 1962. In 1957 and 1951 Suri was a joint seat with one seat being reserved for scheduled tribes. Turku Hansda of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and Mihirlal Chatterjee of [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] won in 1957. Nishapati Majhi and Gopika Bilas Sengupta, both of Congress, won in 1951.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections | access-date = 2010-10-01 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Birbhum topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Birbhum district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Prakasam–Nellore–Chittoor Graduates constituency

2026-05-06T09:45:30Z

All Singers Music Production: starting basic post more to come

{{Short description|Graduates constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council, India}}
'''Prakasam–Nellore–Chittoor Graduates constituency''' is a constituency in [[Prakasam district]], [[Nellore district]], [[Chittoor district]], [[Tirupati district]] and part of [[Bapatla district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]] in [[India]]. It is one of the five council constituencies representing graduates.

== Districts ==
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!District
|-
| [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|-
| [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|-
| [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|-
| [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|-
| [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
|}

==Members of the Legislative Council ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| 2007
| Bommireddy Ragavendra Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| 2011
| rowspan="2"| Yandlapalli Srinivasulu Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Progressive Democratic Front (Andhra Pradesh)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 2017
|-
| [[2023 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council elections|2023]]
| Kancharla Srikanth
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==

===Council elections 2023===

{{STV Election box begin2
|title = [[2023 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council elections|2023 Council election<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2023 |title=Pattabhadrula Tirugubaatu |work=Eenadu |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/politics/general/0500/123047144 |access-date=23 March 2023}}</ref>]]: Prakasam-Nellore-Chittoor
|numcounts = 2
}}
{{STV Election box candidate2
|candidate = '''Kancharla Srikanth'''<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=18 March 2023 |title=Kancharla Srikanth wins Prakasam – Nellore – Chittoor graduates' MLC poll |work=[[The Print]] |url=https://theprint.in/india/kancharla-srikanth-wins-prakasam-nellore-chittoor-graduates-mlc-poll/1454601/ |access-date=23 March 2023}}</ref>
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|percentage = 45.30
|count1 =
|count2 =
}}
{{STV Election box candidate2
|candidate = Pernati Syam Prasad Reddy
|party = YSR Congress Party
|percentage = 34.52
|count1 = 8,478
|count2 = 8,596
}}
{{STV Election box candidate2
|candidate = Meegada Venkateswara Reddy
|party = [[Progressive Democratic Front (Andhra Pradesh)|PDF]]
|percentage = 15.30
|count1 = 6,892
|count2 = 7,187
}}
{{STV Election box candidate2
|candidate = Sannareddy Dayakar Reddy
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|percentage = 2.55
|count1 = 4,901
|count2 = 5,371
}}
{{STV Election box end2
|numcounts = 2
|electorate = 3,81,181
|valid = 2,48,360
|spoilt = 20,979 (7.78%)
|quota = 8,726
|turnout = 2,69,339 (62.4%)
}}
{{reflist|group="n"}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

[[Category:Graduates constituencies in India]]
[[Category:Council constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]

Vaniyambadi Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T17:15:37Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|12.68|N|78.62|E|display=title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 47
| map_image = Constitution-Vaniyambadi.svg
| district = [[Tirupathur district|Tirupathur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency|Vellore]]
| established = 1951
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| mla = Sayyed Farooq
| party = {{Party index link|Indian Union Muslim League}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Secular Progressive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| name = Vaniyambadi
| electors = 242,540
| reservation =
}}

'''Vaniyambadi''' is a [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu|legislative assembly]] constituency in [[Tirupathur district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017}}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 47. It consists of a portion of [[Vaniyambadi taluk]]. It falls under [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final20Notification20&20Order20.pdf |title= Tamil Nadu - Final Notification & Order |website= Delimitation Commission of India |publisher= National Informatics Centre |access-date= 25 January 2017}}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable" width="50"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[A. K. Hanumantharaya Gounder]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[A. A. Rasheed]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[M. P. Vadivel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Rajamannar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[M. Abdul Lathief]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| M. Abdul Lathief
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| N. Kulasekara Pandian
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| H. Abdul Majeed
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[P. Abdul Samad]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| E. Sampath
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| M. Abdul Lathief
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| M. Abdul Lathief
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| 2002 by-election
| M. Vedivel
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| H. Abdul Basith
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[Govi. Sampath Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| Nilofer Kafeel<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional20Data20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=47}}</ref>
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[G. Sendhil Kumar]]
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| Sayyed Farooq
| {{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.69}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|40.31}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.65}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.16}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|48.26}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|67.36}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|54.98}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.20}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.36}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.54}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|42.86}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|56.13}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.77}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.86}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.85}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|34.28}}
}}

=== 2026 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Sayyed Farooq|party=Indian Union Muslim League|votes=73,181|percentage=34.43|change=+2.54}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Syed Burhanudeen|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=70,199|percentage=33.03|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Sendhil Kumar]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=61,055|percentage=28.73|change=-11.58}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugesan|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=4,849|percentage=2.28|change=-3.68}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=624|percentage=0.29|change=-0.50}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2982|percentage= 1.40|change=-1.20}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 242540|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian Union Muslim League|loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaniyambadi Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a047|access-date= 2 Jul 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Sendhil Kumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=88,018 |percentage=46.69 |change=+6.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Mohammed Nayeem |party=Indian Union Muslim League |votes=83,114 |percentage=44.09 |change=+12.2 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. J. Devendhiran |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=11,226 |percentage=5.96 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. S. Vakeel Ahmed |party=AIMIM |votes=1,897 |percentage=1.01 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Gnana Doss |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=1,868 |percentage=0.99 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,492 |percentage=0.79 |change=-0.24 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,904 |percentage=2.60 |change= -5.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=188,505 |percentage=75.60 |change= -1.66 }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=405|percentage=0.21 }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 249,357 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 6.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC20WISE20CANDIDATE20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC20WISE20CANDIDATE20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate= Nelofer |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,588 |percentage=40.31 |change=-14.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Syed Farooq |party=Indian Union Muslim League |votes=55,062 |percentage=31.89 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Gnanasekaran |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=21,090 |percentage=12.22 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. S. Vakeel Ahmed |party=AIMIM |votes=10,117 |percentage=5.86 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Pattasu Velu |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=9,283 |percentage=5.38 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Venkatesan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,935 |percentage=1.12 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,774 |percentage=1.03 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohammed Ismail |party=Welfare Party of India|WPOI |votes=1,104 |percentage=0.64 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,526 |percentage=8.41 |change= -3.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=172,638 |percentage=77.26 |change= -1.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 223,458 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Govi. Sampath Kumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=80,563 |percentage=54.65 |change=+19.9 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=H. Abdul Basith |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=62,338 |percentage=42.29 |change=-10.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohammed Iliyas |party=Independent politician |votes=2,548 |percentage=1.73 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Vazeer Ahmed |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,149 |percentage=0.78 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Abdul Wagith |party=Independent politician |votes=807 |percentage=0.55 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,225 |percentage=12.36 |change= -6.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=147,405 |percentage=78.80 |change= 9.60 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 187,055 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=H. Abdul Basith |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,837 |percentage=53.16 |change=+15.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Mohamed Ali |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=45,653 |percentage=34.75 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Anwar-Ul-Haquy |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=9,937 |percentage=7.56 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Radha Krishanan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,218 |percentage=1.69 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Anandan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,821 |percentage=1.39 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. S. Jaisankar |party=Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha |votes=770 |percentage=0.59 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,184 |percentage=18.41 |change= 7.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=131,360 |percentage=69.21 |change= 11.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 189,807 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Independent politician |swing= 4.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Abdul Lathief]] |party=Independent politician |votes=54,218 |percentage=48.26 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,280 |percentage=37.63 |change=-29.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Lakshmi Kanthan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,724 |percentage=6.88 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kaleel Nisar Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes=3,095 |percentage=2.75 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Natarajan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,268 |percentage=2.02 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sengam Jaffar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,093 |percentage=0.97 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Parthiban |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=859 |percentage=0.76 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,938 |percentage=10.63 |change= -32.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=112,346 |percentage=57.68 |change= -5.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 194,773 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -19.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Abdul Lathief]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=74,223 |percentage=67.36 |change=+32.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kuppusamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,970 |percentage=24.48 |change=-30.5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Deenadayalan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,883 |percentage=4.43 |change=+0.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Jayapal |party=Janata Dal |votes=2,253 |percentage=2.04 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=47,253 |percentage=42.88 |change= 22.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=110,189 |percentage=62.85 |change= 5.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 180,164 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 12.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=E. Sampath |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,354 |percentage=54.98 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Abdul Hameed |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,523 |percentage=34.54 |change=-6.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. A. Majid |party=IMUL |votes=4,973 |percentage=5.12 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. S. Jaisankar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,407 |percentage=3.51 |change=+2.39 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,831 |percentage=20.43 |change= 2.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=97,046 |percentage=57.69 |change= -9.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,507 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 13.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Abdul Samad]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,723 |percentage=41.20 |change=-2.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Kulasekara Pandiyan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,614 |percentage=23.45 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Abdul Samad |party=Indian Union Muslim League |votes=21,599 |percentage=22.40 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Solaippan |party=Independent politician |votes=6,657 |percentage=6.90 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Venkatesan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,633 |percentage=1.69 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. K. Velayudam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,084 |percentage=1.12 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Karunanithi |party=Independent politician |votes=912 |percentage=0.95 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,109 |percentage=17.74 |change= 16.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=96,421 |percentage=67.00 |change= -5.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,684 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=H. Abdul Majeed |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,141 |percentage=45.36 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. Abdul Majid |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,856 |percentage=43.87 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasami |party=Independent politician |votes=5,447 |percentage=6.31 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. G. Pannerselvam |party=Independent politician |votes=2,060 |percentage=2.39 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Selvam |party=Independent politician |votes=718 |percentage=0.83 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Thangaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=597 |percentage=0.69 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,285 |percentage=1.49 |change= -3.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=86,283 |percentage=72.48 |change= 8.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,922 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -7.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Kulasekara Pandiyan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,049 |percentage=52.54 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Abdul Latheef |party=Independent politician |votes=34,375 |percentage=47.46 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,674 |percentage=5.07 |change= -8.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,424 |percentage=63.91 |change= 6.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,231 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Independent politician |swing= 9.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Abdul Lathief]] |party=Independent politician |votes=26,620 |percentage=42.86 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Sampanghi |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=17,886 |percentage=28.80 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Abdul Wahid |party=Janata Party |votes=10,323 |percentage=16.62 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Venkatesan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,698 |percentage=9.17 |change=-29.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. K. Arumugam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,136 |percentage=1.83 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sayeed Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes=357 |percentage=0.57 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,734 |percentage=14.06 |change= -3.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,108 |percentage=57.50 |change= -10.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,540 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= -13.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Abdul Lathief]] |party=Independent politician |votes=27,899 |percentage=56.13 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. C. Samanna Gounder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,082 |percentage=38.39 |change=-12.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. A. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=2,407 |percentage=4.84 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. N. Vadivelu |party=Independent politician |votes=314 |percentage=0.63 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,817 |percentage=17.74 |change= 14.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=49,702 |percentage=68.41 |change= -7.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,631 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 5.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Madras201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Madras201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Rajamannar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,946 |percentage=50.77 |change=+10.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vadivel |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,308 |percentage=47.69 |change=-7.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=819 |percentage=1.54 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,638 |percentage=3.09 |change= -11.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=53,073 |percentage=75.70 |change= 6.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,746 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Vadival |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,275 |percentage=54.86 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Karia Goundar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,068 |percentage=40.37 |change=-11.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Thathappan |party=We Tamils |votes=2,372 |percentage=4.77 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,207 |percentage=14.50 |change= 1.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=49,715 |percentage=69.41 |change= 24.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,567 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. A. Rasheed |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,565 |percentage=51.85 |change=+24.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Vadivelu Counder |party=Independent politician |votes=13,930 |percentage=38.91 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. E. Radhakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,289 |percentage=6.39 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Govindarajan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,019 |percentage=2.85 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,635 |percentage=12.95 |change= 6.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,803 |percentage=44.44 |change= -13.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,556 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 17.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaniyambadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Hanumantharaya Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=15,529 |percentage=34.28 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Erusan |party=Commonweal Party |votes=12,667 |percentage=27.96 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karia Gounder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,511 |percentage=27.62 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Appadurai |party=Republican Party of India |votes=3,182 |percentage=7.02 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. K. Narayanaswami Gounder |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=1,412 |percentage=3.12 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,862 |percentage=6.32 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,301 |percentage=58.10 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,971 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010|url-status= dead|df= mdy-all}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vellore district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Ranibandh Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T11:32:28Z

All Singers Music Production: starting some details needs work

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ranibandh
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Ranibandh.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Ranibandh Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
| constituency_no = 249
| established = 1962
| reservation = ST
| abolished =
| mla = [[Jyotsna Mandi]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 200,735
}}
'''Ranibandh''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Bankura district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled tribes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 249 Ranibandh Assembly constituency (ST) is composed of the following: [[Ranibandh (community development block)|Ranibandh]], [[Hirbandh (community development block)|Hirbandh]] and [[Khatra (community development block)|Khatra]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web | url = http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date = 2011-04-03 | publisher = Government of West Bengal | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | archive-date = 18 September 2010 }}</ref>

Ranibandh Assembly constituency is part of No. 36 [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Jaleswar Hansda
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|B. Hembran
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="2"|Suchand Saren
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Amala Saren
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Suchand Soren
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|Jaleswar Saren
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|Rampada Mandi
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Arati Hembram
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Deblina Hembram
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|Makar Tudu
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|rowspan="2"|Deblina Hembram
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|rowspan="2"|Jyotsna Mandi
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Kshudiram Tudu
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Ranibandh}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Tanushree Hansda|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kshudiram Tudu|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Deblina Hembram|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections,2021]]: Ranibandh constituency}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Jyotsna Mandi]]
|votes = 90,928
|percentage = 43.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Khudiram Tudu
|votes = 86,989
|percentage = 41.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Deblina Hembram
|votes = 20,057
|percentage = 10.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Biswanath Sardar
|votes = 4,807
|percentage = 2.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = NOTA (None of the above) + Rest of the candidates
|votes = ~8,400
|percentage = 4.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 3,939
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Ranibandh<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3469-west-bangal-general-legislative-election-2016/|title = West Bangal General Legislative Election 2016|work = West Bangal General Legislative Election 2016| publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-22 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=249| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526072318/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=249| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Ranibandh | publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2019-11-27 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Jyotsna Mandi]]|votes=92,181|percentage=47.48|change={{increase}}7.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Deblina Hembram]]|votes=68,868|percentage=35.48|change={{decrease}}8.77}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Khudiram Tudu|votes=18,720|percentage=9.64|change={{increase}}5.86}}

{{Election box turnout||votes=194,129|percentage=83.90|change={{decrease}}0.87}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election]]: Ranibandh<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25249.htm |title = Ranibandh |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-22 |archive-date = 16 May 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110516120236/http://www.eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25249.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=249| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526072318/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=249| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Ranibandh | publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_6th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Ranibandh |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-06 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030813/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_6th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Deblina Hembram]]
|votes = 75,338
|percentage = 44.25
|change = -1.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Falguni Hembram
|votes = 68,529
|percentage = 40.22
|change = #
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Anushilan Party
|candidate = Aditya Kisku
|votes = 10,950
|percentage = 6.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Lakshmikanta Sardar
|votes = 6,447
|percentage = 3.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Biswanath Tudu
|votes = 5,407
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Sudhir Kumar Murmu
|votes = 2,580
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
|candidate = Krishnapada Mandi
|votes = 107
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 170,373
|percentage = 84.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = #
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Trinamool Congress did not contest this seat in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]], Deblina Hembram of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Ranibandh assembly seat defeating her nearest rival Aditya Kisku of Jharkhand Party (Naren). Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Makar Tudu of CPI(M) defeated Gopinath Saren of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] in 2001. Deblina Hembram of CPI(M) defeated Anil Hansda of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996. Arati Hembram of CPI(M) defeated Sudarsan Baskey of Congress in 1991. Rampada Mandi of CPI(M) defeated Chandra Mohan Murmu of Congress in 1987, Jaleswar Saren, Independent, in 1982. Suchand Soren of CPI(M) defeated Jadunath Murmu of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp246.htm |title = 246 - Ranibandh (ST) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-04-03 }}</ref>

===1962-1972===
Amala Saren of Congress won in 1972. Suchand Saren of CPI(M) won in 1971 and 1969. B. Hembran of Congress in 1967. Jaleswar Hansda of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. Prior to that the Ranibandh seat did not exist.<ref name=election>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections | access-date = 2011-04-03 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bankura topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Bankura district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Sarada (1962 film)

2026-05-01T13:26:53Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up Some Post More To Come

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Saradha 1962.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]
| writer = K. S. Gopalakrishnan
| producer = A. L. Srinivasan
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[S. S. Rajendran]]
*[[C. R. Vijayakumari]]
}}
| cinematography = [[M. Karnan]]
| editing = R. Devarajan
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| studio = ALS Productions
| distributor = ALS Productions
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1962|3|16}}
| runtime = 147 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Sarada''''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ɑːr|ə|ð|ɑː}}) is a 1962 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] in his directorial debut. The film was produced by [[A. L. Srinivasan]] under ALS Productions and stars [[S. S. Rajendran]] and [[C. R. Vijayakumari]], while [[M. R. Radha]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] and [[S. A. Ashokan]] play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], while the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Kannadasan]]. Karnan and R. Devarajan handled cinematography and editing respectively.

''Sarada'' was released on 16 March 1962. Srinivasan had to distribute the film himself after distributors backed out. Despite this, it became successful at the box office established Gopalakrishnan as a popular director. The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] – Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film. It was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''Suhagan'' (1964), in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Sumangali (1965 film)|Sumangali]]'' (1965) and in [[Kannada]] as ''Sothu Geddavalu'' (1971).

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=August 2021}}

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[S. S. Rajendran]] as Sambandham
*[[C. R. Vijayakumari]] as Sarada
*[[Pushpalatha]] as Uma
*[[M. R. Radha]] as Panchanathan
*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Vaiyapuripillai
* [[M. V. Rajamma]] as Sambandham's mother
*[[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] as Panchanathan's third wife
*[[V. Nagayya]] as College principal
*[[S. V. Sahasranamam]] as College principal
*[[S. A. Ashokan]] as Shankar
*[[Karikol Raju]] as Panchanathan's labourer
* [[Sandhya (actress, born 1924)|N. R. Sandhiya]] as Sarada's mother
*S. Rama Rao as Panchanathan's son
}}

== Production ==
[[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]—who earlier worked as a screenwriter for films like ''[[Deivapiravi (1960 film)|Deivapiravi]]'' and ''[[Padikkadha Medhai]]''—made his directorial debut with ''Sarada''. He approached A. L. Srinivasan to produce the film based on the concept of the protagonist's sexual potency. Srinivasan liked the script and agreed to produce despite being warned by friends not to produce a film with such a bold concept.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=163}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]] and lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]] and [[Panchu Arunachalam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 1962 |title=Saradha |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/saradha/j-NX8,5pES4_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827065707/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/saradha/j-NX8,5pES4_ |archive-date=27 August 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saaradha , Vaanampadi Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by KV Mahadevan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/saaradha-vaanampadi-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-kv-mahadevan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029114758/https://mossymart.com/product/saaradha-vaanampadi-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-kv-mahadevan/ |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 2 |date=November 2016 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |page=60 |language=Tamil}}</ref> The songs "Manamagale Marumagale" and "Oruthi Oruvanai" were well received.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=163}} The former is Arunachalam's first song as a lyricist.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=10 August 2016 |title=Celebrated film-maker Panchu Arunchalam passes away |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/100816/celebrated-film-maker-panchu-arunchalam-passes-away.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111101817/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/100816/celebrated-film-maker-panchu-arunchalam-passes-away.html |archive-date=11 November 2021 |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Manamakale Marumakale
| extra1 = [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Jayalakshmi, Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]], [[L. R. Eswari]], Anjali
| length1 = 3:20
| title2 = Koonthalukku
| extra2 = T. M. Soundarajan
| length2 = 3:08
| title3 = Mella Mella
| extra3 = T. M. Soundarajan
| length3 = 3:18
| title4 = Oruthi Oruvanai
| extra4 = P. B. Srinivas, P. Susheela
| length4 = 4:12
| title5 = Thattu Thadumari
| extra5 = Seerkazhi Govindarajan, L. R. Eswari
| length5 = 3:45
| title6 = Kannaanaal Naan Imaiyaaven
| extra6 = T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
| length6 = 4:23
| total_length = 22:06 
}}

== Release ==
''Sarada'' was released on 16 March 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1962 – சாரதா – எ.எல்.எஸ்.புரொடக். (தெ-இ) |trans-title=1962 – Sarada – A.L.S.Produc. (te-hi) |url=https://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1962-cinedetails9.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181127051723/https://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1962-cinedetails9.asp |archive-date=27 November 2018 |access-date=27 November 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> Film distributors expressed their doubts over the film after watching it and sought refund of their advances. Srinivasan returned the advance and released the film on his own and became successful. The film was successful even its second release.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=163}}

== Reception ==
The film was praised by critics for Gopalakrishnan's writing, the cast performances (particularly Vijayakumari's) and music.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2018 |title=கே.எஸ்.கோபாலகிருஷ்ணன் டைரக்ட் செய்த முதல் படம் - சாரதா |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/10/09215757/1206615/cinima-history-saradha.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111072111/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/10/09215757/1206615/cinima-history-saradha.vpf |archive-date=11 November 2021 |access-date=11 November 2021 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' appreciated the film stating that "the film had several interesting elements and innovations.. It is a must watch film and make us all proud that Tamil films are progressing well".{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=164}} Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote that though the film reminded him of ''[[Nenjil Or Aalayam]]'' (1962), the innovative screenplay made it worth watching.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=8 April 1962 |title=சாரதா |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1962/apr/08-04-1962/p45.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723103639/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1962/apr/08-04-1962/p45.jpg |archive-date=23 July 2022 |access-date=15 November 2021 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=45 |language=ta}}</ref> The film received [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] – Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 1963 |title=State Awards for Films |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm10thNFAAward.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929062243/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm10thNFAAward.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2015 |access-date=9 September 2011 |website=[[International Film Festival of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 March 1963 |title=Award for Tamil film |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630325&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=3 March 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Plagiarism allegations ==
Many reviewers noted ''Sarada'' had similarities to ''Snehidhi'', a novel by [[Akilan]]. Subsequently, he filed a lawsuit against Srinivasan, alleging plagiarism. Writer Jayalakshmi also sued Srinivasan, claiming the film plagiarised one of her short stories. However, as historian [[A. R. Venkatachalapathy]] noted, "the legal intricacies of copyright, it appears, were beyond both [Akilan]'s and his lawyer's grasp", leading to Akilan losing the case while Jayalakshmi won. She was compensated by being "awarded more damages than claimed", and the scenes she took offense to were deleted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatachalapathy |first=A. R. |author-link=A. R. Venkatachalapathy |date=30 July 2021 |title=Vetrimaaran and Suriya's 'Vaadivaasal' sets a new benchmark |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vetrimaaran-and-suriyas-vaadivaasal-sets-a-new-benchmark/article35622042.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611040309/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vetrimaaran-and-suriyas-vaadivaasal-sets-a-new-benchmark/article35622042.ece |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=11 June 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
''Sarada'' established Gopalakrishnan as a popular director and he went on to direct several films with the theme of family drama.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=15 November 2015 |title=Film director K.S. Gopalakrishnan dead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/film-director-ks-gopalakrishnan-dead/article7879328.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127210803/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/film-director-ks-gopalakrishnan-dead/article7879328.ece |archive-date=27 January 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''Suhagan'' (1964),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=14 April 2017 |title=When Guru Dutt found catharsis in mushy southern remakes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/when-guru-dutt-found-catharsis-in-mushy-southern-remakes/articleshow/58171864.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827065707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/when-guru-dutt-found-catharsis-in-mushy-southern-remakes/articleshow/58171864.cms |archive-date=27 August 2021 |access-date=27 November 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Sumangali (1965 film)|Sumangali]]'' (1965) and in [[Kannada]] as ''Sothu Geddavalu'' (1971).{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=163}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0056477}}

{{K. S. Gopalakrishnan}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilmTamil}}
{{Portal bar|Film|1960s|India}}

[[Category:1960s controversies]]
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:1962 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1962 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1962 drama films]]
[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian short stories]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]
[[Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian intellectual property law]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

East India Club

2026-04-30T05:11:58Z

All Singers Music Production: new details

{{Short description|Gentlemen's club in London}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = East India Club
| logo_size = 150px
| image = File:The East India Club, 16 St James's Square - geograph.org.uk - 846256.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption =
| formation = {{Start date|1849}} (176 years ago)
| logo = File:East India Club Coat of Arms.png
| website = [https://www.eastindiaclub.co.uk/ www.eastindiaclub.co.uk]
| location = 16 [[St James's Square]], [[London]], SW1Y 4LH
| type = [[Gentlemen's club]]
| purpose = A private gentlemen's social and sporting club
| membership = Historically [[Military officer]]s of the [[East India Company]]
| language = English
}}

The '''East India Club''' (originally '''East India United Service Club''') is a [[gentlemen's club]] founded in 1849 and situated at 16, [[St James's Square]] in [[London]]. The full title of the club is '''East India, [[Devonshire Club|Devonshire]], Sports and [[Public Schools Club|Public Schools' Club]]''' due to mergers with other clubs. The club was originally founded for officers of the [[East India Company]], and its first Patron was [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]].

==History==
Founded in the middle of the 19th century, the club's original members, as set out in the Rule Book of 1851, were:
{{cquote|The [[East India Company]]'s servants – Clerical, Civil, Military, Naval and Medical of all the Presidencies, including those retired [and] all commissioned officers of Her Majesty's Army and Navy who have served in India, members of the Bar and Legal Profession who may have been or are Company's Advocates and Solicitors ...}}

But within the first eight years of the club's foundation, following the [[Indian Mutiny of 1857]], the [[Government of India Act 1858]] led to the [[British Crown]] assuming direct control of India in the form of the new [[British Raj]]. The company was dissolved altogether in 1874, having been rendered by then vestigial, powerless, and obsolete. As a result, the club could no longer look to the East India Company as its main source of members.
[[File:96-100 Piccadilly - geograph.org.uk - 7822216.jpg|thumb|The [[Public Schools Club]]]]
Since then, the club has amalgamated with the Sports Club (1938), the [[Public Schools Club]] (1972) and the [[Devonshire Club|Devonshire]] (1976), all of which ran into the twin problems of keeping up membership numbers and making ends meet, especially with the escalating costs of maintenance for historic buildings. With the disappearance of the East India Company, the [[Public school (United Kingdom)|public school]] influence has become an important one. The club is still primarily referred to as the East India Club or EIC for convenience.

[[File:East India United Service Club.jpg|thumb|180px|right|East India Service Club servant's uniform button, c. 1850]]
[[File:Crockford's - later the Devonshire Club.JPG|thumb|The building of the former [[Devonshire Club]]]]
The club's facilities include a dining room and a luncheon room in addition to the American Bar (named in gratitude to the American officers who stayed at the club during the Second World War and provided funds to refurbish the bar after the war), the Canadian Room (named in gratitude to the Canadian officers who stayed at the club during the Second World War and afterwards provided the timber for the room when it was still in short supply), the Drawing Room, the Smoking Room (in which smoking is not permitted), a cigar lounge (in which it is, providing the cigars smoked are purchased in the Club), the library (which includes antiquarian and contemporary books), the Clive Room (named in honour of famed East India Company General [[Robert Clive]]), the Card Room, the Rugby Room (where the [[International Rugby Board]] met until its move to Dublin) which is now fitted for study or work, and a gymnasium and sauna, a billiard room and 67 bedrooms (including the St James's Suite). The East India Club is a popular venue for private events hosted by members.

The club has reciprocal arrangements with more than 100 clubs throughout the world. Members can use the facilities of overseas reciprocal clubs with a card or letter of introduction issued by the East India Club.<ref>[http://www.eastindiaclub.com/reciprocal.cfm Reciprocal Clubs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821102401/http://www.eastindiaclub.com/reciprocal.cfm |date=2008-08-21 }} at East India Club web site (accessed 23 August 2008)</ref>

In 2014, the club made headlines after one of its staff successfully stole over £500,000 during a five-year period before the loss was noticed,<ref name="Standard1">{{cite news|last=Razaq|first=Rashid|title=Worker 'stole £500,000 from East India Club'|work=Evening Standard|date=February 24, 2014|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/worker-stole-ps500-000-from-east-india-club-9149203.html}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph1">{{cite news|last=Perry|first=Keith|title=Treasurer of historic private member's club stole more than £500,000|work=Daily Telegraph|date=August 26, 2014|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/11056657/Treasurer-of-historic-private-members-club-stole-more-than-500000.html}}</ref> later pleading guilty to the fraud.<ref name="BarkingPost1">{{cite news|last=Silverman|first=Anna|title=Dagenham fraudster gets three years after private members club theft|work=Barking & Dagenham Post|date=September 24, 2014|url=https://www.barkinganddagenhampost.co.uk/news/dagenham-fraudster-gets-three-years-after-private-members-club-theft-3308470}}</ref> Having failed to recover the money, which was spent on a gambling habit, the Club later threatened to sue its own bank for not adequately warning them of the fraud that took place over five years.<ref name="Times1">{{cite news|last=Hurley|first=James|title=East India Club to sue RBS over fraud 'failure'|work=[[The Times]]|date=March 19, 2018|url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/economics/article/east-india-club-to-sue-rbs-over-fraud-failure-v5n53rt8t}}</ref>

In 2017, Conservative MP [[Anne Marie Morris]] (not a member of the Club) had the whip suspended after being recorded speaking to a meeting of Tory MPs at the East India Club using the idiom "[[nigger in the woodpile]]", without any response from the other MPs present.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bennett|first=Owen|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/tory-mp-racist-brexit-recording_uk_59638608e4b02e9bdb0e2c77 |title=Tory MP Anne Marie Morris Recorded Saying Brexit No Deal Is A 'N***** In A Woodpile'|work=HuffPost|date=10 July 2017|access-date=10 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/conservative-party/theresa-may/news/87413/tories-urged-sack-mp-who-said-no|title=Tories urged to sack MP who said no-deal Brexit was 'nigger in the woodpile'|last=PoliticsHome.com|date=10 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC100717">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-40555639|title=MP Anne Marie Morris suspended for racist remark|work=[[BBC News]]|date=10 July 2017|access-date=10 July 2017}}</ref>

Despite the number of members involved in politics, the club holds no political affiliations.

==Club house==
The club premises are situated at 16 [[St James's Square]], London SW1, on the west side of the square.

The first occupant of the original house to stand on the site was [[Baron Jermyn|Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn]] (?1670–1676).<ref name=forrest11>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=11}}</ref> He passed the house on to [[Viscount Purbeck|Robert Villiers, 3rd Viscount Purbeck]], who occupied the house for two years (1676–78).<ref name=forrest11/> After Viscount Purbeck, a Swedish Ambassador occupied the house, followed by two successive [[Earl of Suffolk|Earls of Suffolk]] and the [[Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney|Earl of Romney]].<ref name=forrest11/> The house was then taken over by [[Sir John Germain, 1st Baronet]], the lover and, later, husband of [[Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (d. 1705)|Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk]].<ref name=forrest11/> When Sir John died in 1719, he left the house to his second wife, Lady Elizabeth Berkeley, second daughter of the [[Earl of Berkeley|2nd Earl of Berkeley]].<ref name=forrest11/> She was to occupy the house for 50 years. When Lady Elizabeth died, the house went to [[George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville]].<ref name=forrest12>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=12}}</ref> It then became the home of [[Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere|Admiral Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere]]<ref name=forrest12/> and then of his son, [[Aubrey Beauclerk, 5th Duke of St Albans]].<ref name=forrest12/>

In 1785, [[George Anson (1731-1789)|George Anson]] bought No. 16.<ref name=forrest12/> When he died in 1789, the house was passed on to his son, [[Thomas Anson, 1st Viscount Anson]].<ref name=forrest12/> In 1804, Viscount Anson sold the house to Edmund Boehm, a successful merchant.<ref name=forrest13>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=13}}</ref> Mr and Mrs Boehm were very active socially and hosted many dinner parties.

On 21 June 1815, the Prince Regent (later [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]]) was the principal guest at a dinner party held at 16 St James's Square. When he heard the news of the victory at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], Major Henry Percy, aide-de-camp to the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]], presented the [[George IV of the United Kingdom|Prince Regent]] with four captured French eagles and [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington's]] victory dispatch.<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|pp=13–14}}</ref>

When Edmund Boehm was declared bankrupt, Robert Vyner became the owner of No. 16.<ref name=forrest15>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=15}}</ref> In 1825, Vyner sold the house to the [[Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde|Marquess of Clanricarde]].<ref name=forrest15/> During Lord Clanricarde's tenancy, he let the house for a time to the [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Marquess Wellesley]].<ref name=forrest12/> In 1849, the East India Club Committee signed a lease with Lord Clanricarde.<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=7}}</ref> The club bought the house from Lord Clanricarde in 1863.<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=35}}</ref>

In 1866, the club demolished the old building, to build the present clubhouse on the same site.

==Sports sections==
In addition to the facilities at the St James's Square clubhouse, the club has several sports sections. There are active Chess, Cricket, Rowing, Rugby, Billiards, Shooting and Polo teams. The club also has a sports blazer, which may be worn by club members.

=== Cricket ===
There is a mix of Sunday friendly cricket and T20 evening matches, and they end the season with a tour in another country.

=== Polo ===
The Polo Section is a community within the club, with a calendar of events, particularly during the British grass season (April to September). In addition to their active playing schedule, they organise spectating trips both within the UK and abroad, as well as a variety of social events.

===Rowing===
The Rowing Section boats out of [[Quintin Boat Club]] in Chiswick and competes at events throughout the year. It has twice competed in the [[Ladies' Challenge Plate]] as a composite crew and once qualified for the [[Thames Challenge Cup]] at Henley Royal Regatta. In 2022, the Section won the Small Club Pennant at the [[Head of the River Race]]. The Rowing Section has a different blazer from the main club for those who have competed at senior events or have been awarded a blazer for services to club rowing.

===Rugby===
As well as playing annual fixtures against old boys’ associations and representative sides, a range of the club’s social activities also revolve around the sport, for example the screening of major international fixtures.

Notably a series of Rugby Lunches are hosted for members and their guests at the club, typically the day prior to an England fixture.

Through its membership, the club has strong and long-standing links to global rugby administration; this is reflected in various memorabilia and photography around the clubhouse.

===Shooting===
[[File:East India Club Shooting Section Tie.jpg|thumb|East India Club Shooting Section tie]]
The Shooting Section exists to provide all members, regardless of experience, the opportunity to shoot with other club members. With more than 300 members, it is currently the largest section of the club.

===Yachting===
The club's yacht squadron takes part in a variety of sailing events and has also initiated an inter-club regatta in honour of Colonel Newman VC – a day of sailing races from [[Seaview, Isle of Wight]], in [[Sea View Yacht Club#The Mermaids|mermaid class]] boats.

==Patrons of the Club==
*[[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]], Chief Patron, consort of [[Queen Victoria]]<ref name=forrest60>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=60}}</ref>
*[[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie]], Patron<ref name=forrest60/>
*[[Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough]], Patron<ref name=forrest60/>
*[[Charles James Napier|General Sir Charles Napier]], Patron<ref name=forrest60/>

==Notable members==
This is an incomplete list of the notable people who have historically been affiliated with the club or its constituent clubs:
*[[Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg|Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein]], first honorary member<ref>{{harvp|Jacoby|2009}}</ref>
*[[William Patrick Adam|William Adam]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] (1823–1881)<ref name=forrest70>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=70}}</ref>
*[[Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford]] (1841–1922)<ref name=forrest85/>
*[[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]] (1850–1942)<ref name=forrest57>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=57}}</ref>
*[[Sir John Dugdale Astley, 3rd Baronet]] (1828–1894)<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=83}}</ref>
*[[Robert Brown Black|Sir Robert Black]] (1906–1999)
*[[James Blyth, 1st Baron Blyth]] (1841–1925)<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=135}}</ref>
*[[Frederick ("Freddie") Richard Brown]] [[Order of British Empire|MBE]] (1910–1991)<ref name=forrest143>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=143}}</ref>
*[[Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork]] (1829–1904)<ref name=forrest70/>
*[[Dallas Brooks|General Sir Reginald Alexander Dallas Brooks]] (1896–1966)<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|pp=139–140}}</ref>
*[[Roden Cutler|Sir Roden Cutler]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]] [[Order of Australia|AK]] [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]] [[Royal Victorian Order|KCVO]] [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (1916–2002)<ref>{{harvp|Jacoby|2009|pp=146–148}}</ref>
*Lieutenant-Colonel [[Augustus Charles Newman]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]], [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]], [[Territorial Decoration|TD]], [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]] (1904–1972)<ref>{{harvp|Jacoby|2009|p=148}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=150}}</ref>
*[[Godfrey Bloom]] [[Member of European Parliament|MEP]] (born 1949).<ref name=ID>[[Iain Dale|Dale, Iain]], ''[https://iaindale.blogspot.com/2006_08_01_archive.html Independent on Sunday Diary Column ]'', online at blogspot.com (accessed 23 August 2008)</ref>
*[[James Edward William Theobald Butler, 3rd Marquess of Ormonde|James Butler, 3rd Marquess of Ormonde]] (1844–1919)<ref name=forrest85>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=85}}</ref>
*[[David Campbell-Bannerman]] MEP (born 1960).<ref name=ID/>
*[[Lord Randolph Churchill]] (1849–1895)<ref>{{harvp|Jacoby|2009|p=131}}</ref>
*[[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire]] (1833–1908)<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|pp=69–70}}</ref>
*[[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire]] [[Order of Garter|KG]] (1895–1950)<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|loc=Pl. 10d}}</ref>
*[[Joseph Chamberlain]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] (1836–1914)<ref name=forrest74>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=74}}</ref>
*Sir [[Austen Chamberlain]] [[Order of Garter|KG]] (1863–1937)<ref name=forrest80>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=80}}</ref>
*[[Sebastian Coe]], Baron Coe of Ranmore (born 1956)
*[[Michael Colin Cowdrey, Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge]] (1932–2000)<ref name=forrest143/>
*[[William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington]] (1835–1896)<ref name=forrest70/>
*[[Nigel Farage]], Leader of [[Reform UK]] and former Leader of [[UK Independence Party|UKIP]] (born 1964)<ref>[http://www.brugesgroup.com/about/columnists.live Commentators] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908102852/http://brugesgroup.com/about/columnists.live |date=2008-09-08 }} at Bruges Group web site (accessed 23 August 2008)</ref>
*Sir [[Henry Bartle Frere]], 1st Baronet (1815–1884)<ref name=forrest58/>
*[[Prince George, Duke of Cambridge]] (1819–1904)<ref name=forrest57/>
*[[Douglas Beresford Malise Ronald Graham, 5th Duke of Montrose|Douglas Graham, 5th Duke of Montrose]] [[Order of the Thistle|KT]] (1852–1925)<ref name=forrest85/>
*[[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]] [[James Augustus Grant|James August Grant]] [[Order of the Bath|CB]] [[Order of the Star of India|CSI]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society|FRGS]] (1827-1892){{sfnp|Forrest|1982|p=}}{{pn|date=January 2026}}
*[[Robert Halfon]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roberthalfon.com/expenses.htm |title=Robert Halfon - working hard for Harlow, Hastingwood, Nazeing, Roydon & Sheering |access-date=2011-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715191715/http://www.roberthalfon.com/expenses.htm |archive-date=2011-07-15 }}</ref>
*[[Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke]] (1860–1938)<ref name=forrest85/>
*[[Bret Harte]] (1836–1902)<ref name=forrest79>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=79}}</ref>
*[[George Holding]] (born 1968)
*[[Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.]] (1841–1935)<ref name="forrest80"/>
*[[Len Hutton|Sir Leonard Hutton]] (1916–1990)<ref name=forrest143/>
*[[Henry James, 1st Baron James of Hereford]] (1828–1911)<ref name=forrest70/>
*[[Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, 2nd Baronet]] (1811–1877)<ref name=forrest57/>
*[[Anthony R. M. Little|Anthony Little]] (born 1954)
*[[Hugh Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale]] [[Order of Garter|KG]] (1857–1944)<ref name=forrest85/>
*[[Peter May (cricketer)|Peter May]] [[Order of British Empire|CBE]] (1929–1994)<ref name=forrest143/>
*[[Admiral of the Fleet]] [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma]] (1900–1979)<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=152}}</ref>
*[[Field Marshal]] [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala]] (1810–1890)<ref name=forrest58>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=58}}</ref>
*[[Tasker Watkins|Sir Tasker Watkins]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]] [[Order of the British Empire|GBE]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] (1918–2007)
*[[Whitelaw Reid]] (1837–1912)<ref name=forrest79/>
*[[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Field Marshal Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]] (1832–1914)<ref name=forrest57/>
*[[Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill]] (1869–1935)<ref name=forrest85/>
*Maharaja Sir [[Duleep Singh]] [[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]] (1838–1893)<ref name=forrest57/>
*[[Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort]] (1900–1984)<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=154}}</ref>
*[[John Hanning Speke]] (1827-1862){{sfnp|Forrest|1982|p=}}{{pn|date=January 2026}}
*[[Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava]] (1826–1902)<ref name=forrest57/>
*[[Denis Thatcher|Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Baronet]] [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]], [[Territorial Decoration|TD]] (1915–2003)<ref>Will Bennett, "Estate's tenants are proud of their roots", ''The Independent'', November 27, 1990, p. 4</ref>
*[[Andrew Vicari]] (1938–2016)<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/nov/16/arts.highereducation 'I am the king of painters] at The Guardian web site (accessed 23 August 2008)</ref>
*[[Tony Lewis]] [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (born 1938)
*[[Micky Steele-Bodger|Michael "Micky" Steele-Bodger]] [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (1925–2019)
*[[John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington]] [[Venerable Order of Saint John|KStJ]] [[Queen's Police Medal|QPM]] [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]] [[Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce|FRSA]] (born 1942)
*[[Geoffrey Dear, Baron Dear]], [[Queen's Police Medal|QPM]], [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]] (born 1937)
*[[Peter Yarranton|Sir Peter Yarranton]] (1924–2003)<ref>{{harvp|Jacoby|2009|p=117}}</ref>
*[[Plum Warner|Sir Pelham Francis Warner]] (1873–1963)<ref name=forrest143/>

===In fiction===
[[J. K. Stanford]], creator of [[George Hysteron-Proteron]], wrote in 1964 that "George ... owed his origin to a face in the East India Club ... On one occasion at breakfast he sent for the waiter and said, in my hearing, 'Didn't I order mutton cutlets ''with blood''? There's no blood in these! Take them away!' "<ref>Stanford, J. K., ''Authors Note'' prefacing ''The Twelfth and After'' (London, 1964), pp. 7–8.</ref>

==Trivia==
*[[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]] (as Prince Regent) was presented with the Waterloo Victory Despatch in the building which stood on the site. He then announced the news from the balcony of that building, at the end roughly occupied by the present-day Ladies' Drawing Room.<ref>[http://www.eastindiaclub.com/smoking_ladies_room.cfm The Smoking Room and Ladies Drawing Room] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907020133/http://www.eastindiaclub.com/smoking_ladies_room.cfm |date=2008-09-07 }} at East India Club web site (accessed 23 August 2008)</ref><ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|p=14}}</ref>
*[[Caroline of Brunswick|Queen Caroline]] rented and stayed at No. 17, [[St James's Square]] (part of the club's present site) during her "[[Pains and Penalties Bill 1820|Pains and Penalties]]" trial.<ref>{{harvp|Forrest|1982|pp=15–16}}</ref>[[File:The Waterloo Way plaque.jpg|thumb|The [[Battle of Waterloo]] victory dispatch plaque outside the club, unveiled by [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]]]]

==See also==
*[[List of London's gentlemen's clubs]]

==References==
{{Reflist|21em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Forrest |first=Denys Mostyn |year=1982 |title=Foursome in St. James's: The Story of the East India, Devonshire, Sports, and Public Schools Club |location=Brighton |publisher=Dolphin }}
*{{cite book |last=Jacoby |first=Charlie |year=2009 |title=The East India Club: A History |publisher=East India Club |location=London }}
*{{cite book
| last = Thévoz
| first = Seth Alexander
| title = London Clubland: A Companion for the Curious
| publisher = Robinson/Little, Brown
| location = London
| year = 2025
| isbn =978-1472149985 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120111074553/http://www.eastindiaclub.com/ Official website]

{{Gentlemen's clubs of London}}
{{Tideway rowing clubs}}
{{United Kingdom rowing clubs}}
{{Coord|51|30|25.85|N|0|8|10.87|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Gentlemen's clubs in London]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British East India Company]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Military gentlemen's clubs]]

Hari Prakash Verma

2026-04-29T19:56:01Z

All Singers Music Production: Starting new pg first draft

{{Short description|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hari Prakash Verma
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Jalalabad]]
| predecessor = Sharadveer Singh
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1980|02|2}}
| birth_place = [[Shahjahanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = [[Lawyer]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| father = Siyaram Verma
| spouse = Amita Verma
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University|M.J.P. Rohilkhand University]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Laws]]
}}
'''Hari Prakash Verma''' is an Indian [[politician]], [[lawyer]], and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Jalalabad Assembly constituency]] of [[Shahjahanpur district]].<ref name="upla">{{Cite web |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18132/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in |access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="on">{{Cite web |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/hari-prakash-verma/ |title=Hari Prakash Verma, BJP MLA from Jalalabad |website=ourneta.com |access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/jalalabad-assembly-seat-result-live-update-win-lose-hari-prakash-verma-niraj-moray-anurudh-yadav-gurmeet-kaur-rrmb-4036370.html |title=Jalalabad Assembly Seat Result: भाजपा प्रत्याशी हरि प्रकाश वर्मा ने दर्ज की जीत, सपा से हुई कड़ी टक्कर |date=10 March 2022 |access-date=12 June 2024 |publisher=[[News18]] |author=NEWS18HINDI}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="upla"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/hari-prakash-verma |title=Hari Prakash Verma |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=prsindia.org |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}</ref><ref name="on"/>

==Early life==

Hari Prakash Verma was born on 2 February 1980 in [[Shahjahanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], to a [[Hindu]] [[Lodhi (caste)|Lodhi]] family of Siyaram Verma.<ref name="upla"/> He married Amita Verma on 25 April 2008, and they had two children.<ref name="upla"/>

==Education==

Hari Prakash Verma completed his education with a [[Bachelor of Law]] at Krishna College of Law, [[Bijnor]], affiliated with [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University]], [[Bareilly]], in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://myneta.info/Uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=997 |title=Hari Prakash Verma(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- JALALABAD(SHAHJAHANPUR) |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Posts held ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!From
!To
!Position
!Comments
|-
|01
|2022
|Incumbent
|Member, [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
|
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
* [[Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Jalalabad Assembly constituency]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Hari Prakash}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian political people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Shahjahanpur]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Sri Sathya Narayana High School

2026-04-29T06:26:45Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up New Post V1

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| native_name =
| image = File:S.N.Highschool Perla.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = S.N.Highschool
| logo =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.6447|75.1073|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| motto =
| established =
| closed =
| type =
| status =
| category_label =
| category =
| gender_label =
| gender =
| affiliation =
| affiliations =
| administrator =
| assst_admin =
| president =
| chairman_label =
| chairman =
| rector =
| principal =
| asst principal =
| campus_director =
| headmaster =
| head_label =
| head =
| head_name2 =
| head2 =
| dean =
| founder =
| chaplain =
| officer_in_charge =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| enrollment =
| grades_label =
| grades =
| address =
| city =
| state = [[Kerala]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| district =
| oversight =
| accreditation =
| campus =
| colors =
| colours =
| athletics =
| houses =
| student_union =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| free_label =
| free_text =
| rival =
| yearbook =
| newspaper =
| free_label1 =
| free_text1 =
| free_label2 =
| free_text2 =
| free_label3 =
| free_text3 =
| test_name =
| test_average =
| national_ranking =
| website =
| footnotes =
| picture =
| picture_caption =
| picture2 =
| picture_caption2 =
}}

'''Sri Sathya Narayana High School''', Perla (known as SNHS, Perla)<ref>[http://www.veethi.com/schools-in-india/snhs-perla-detail-432400.htm SNHS Perla in Kasaragod District]</ref><ref>[https://www.schoolsworld.in/schools/showschool.php?school_id=32010200322 Snhs Perla]</ref><ref>[http://wikimapia.org/8315829/SNHS-Perla-Sathyanarayana-Mandira SNHS Perla & Sathyanarayana Mandira]</ref><ref>[http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/Reports/rws/rpt_DetailsofSchools_AganwadisBlockWiseList.aspx?BlockId=0000002656&DistrictName=KASARAGOD&StateName=KERALA&Category=1&Type=Othr Details of Schools Aganwadis District Wise List]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.education.kerala.gov.in/Downloads2011/announcements/uid/kasaragod.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 January 2013 |archive-date=17 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217100343/http://www.education.kerala.gov.in/Downloads2011/announcements/uid/kasaragod.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.education.kerala.gov.in/oldsite/schoollist/hs/ksd.pdf{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> is an aided [[high school]] situated in [[Perla, Kerala|Perla]], [[Enmakaje]] village of [[Kasaragod district]], [[Kerala]] State of [[India]]. It provides education till class X in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and [[English language|English]] as languages of instruction. This co-educational school is affiliated to the General Education Department of the [[Government of Kerala]].

==History==
It was established by Sri Parthaje Venkatramana Bhat as a primary school in 1925 and later it was upgraded to a high school in the year 1945. This school is aided and recognized by the Government of Kerala.

The manager of the school is Shri Krishna Viswamithra{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} (son of Sri Parthaje Venkatramana Bhat) and the headmaster is B Rajendra.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

==Languages==
This locality is an essentially multi-lingual region. The people speak [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Beary bashe]] and [[Konkani language|Konkani]]. Migrant workers also speak [[Hindi]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] languages.

==Administration==
This village is part of Manjeswaram assembly constituency which is again part of [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://perlasnhs.blogspot.in/ Official Blogspot page of the School]
* [https://shrisatyanarayanahsperla.wordpress.com/ Official Wordpress page of the School]

{{Education in Kerala}}

[[Category:Schools in Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1925]]
[[Category:1925 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Manjeshwar area]]

Sharan (actor)

2026-04-25T06:41:02Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up The Info Basic Info

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1972)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|2|6|df=yes}}
| name =
| image = Sharan at Adyaksha Success Meet 2.jpg
| occupation = Actor, playback singer, film producer
| years_active = 1996–present
| othername =
| parents =
| spouse = Palavi Sharan
| children = 2
| family = [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]] (sister)
}}
'''Sharan''' (born 6 February 1972)<ref>{{cite web|title=Happy Birthday Sharan|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/happy-birthday-sharan-kannada-news-124882.html|website=indiaglitz.cim|date=6 February 2015|access-date=10 July 2015|archive-date=6 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806171741/http://www.indiaglitz.com/happy-birthday-sharan-kannada-news-124882.html|url-status=live}}</ref> is an Indian actor and an occasional playback singer and film producer who works in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada cinema]]. He made his acting debut in the mid-1990s and appeared mostly in comedy roles and small supporting roles. However, he earned much recognition during the late 2000s and made his lead role for his 100th film ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]'' and since then featuring as the lead actor in comedy films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-30 |title=Sharan turns 37! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Sharan-turns-37/articleshow/18367519.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130930103709/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-06/news-interviews/36948821_1_sharan-upcoming-movie-title |archive-date=30 September 2013 |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-sharan/20120906.htm|title=Comedian Sharan's 100th film|website=Rediff|access-date=11 May 2022|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130201311/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-sharan/20120906.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sharan was born into a family of theater artists. His grandparents and parents were reckoned artistes at the Gubbi theater. His younger sister [[Shruti (actress)|Shruthi]], is an actress. He has another younger sister. Though he was pushed to acting genre by his parents, his initial interest was in music and was part of an orchestra as a singer. He cut his own private devotional albums and also sang the title tracks for television series.
Sharan's first tryst in acting began with a television series aired in Doordarshan channel. Subsequently he began to get offers to act in various television serials resulting in director S. Mahendar spotting his talent and offer him a small comedy role for his film ''[[Karpoorada Gombe]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2013 |title=Comedy is my forte and I will never give it up: Sharan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Comedy-is-my-forte-and-I-will-never-give-it-up-Sharan/articleshow/21934840.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130930103709/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-21/news-interviews/41432129_1_sharan-100th-film-rambo-tarun-sudhir |archive-date=30 September 2013 |access-date=2022-05-11 |url-status=live |website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Career==
Sharan made his acting debut with a [[Bit part|small role]] in [[S. Mahendar]]'s ''[[Karpoorada Gombe]]'' (1996). Since then he featured in over 100 films as a comedian and supporting actor. He was mostly noticed for his comic flavor in films such as "Asura" (2001) , ''Friends'' (2002), ''[[Monalisa (film)|Monalisa]]'' (2004), ''[[Jothe Jotheyali]]'' (2006), ''[[Pallakki]]'' (2007), ''[[Maleyali Jotheyali]]'' (2009) among several others.

=== 2012–present ===
Sharan appeared in noticeable lead roles in [[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]] (2012) and ''[[Victory (2013 film)|Victory]]'' (2013); both films received critical and commercial successes, with his performance winning acclaim alongside.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sharan's Victory rakes in good reviews|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Sharans-Victory-rakes-in-good-reviews/articleshow/22000744.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=23 August 2013|access-date=9 July 2013|archive-date=7 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107201654/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Sharans-Victory-rakes-in-good-reviews/articleshow/22000744.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="th1">{{cite web|title=Sharan spells success|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/sharan-spells-success/article6339475.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 August 2014|access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref>

In his first film of 2014, ''[[Maanikya]]'', Sharan appeared in a supporting role. In the comedy ''[[Jai Lalitha]]'', he was cast as Jayaraj and appeared in female character as well. G. S. Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "It's all Sharan who shines in lady character with excellent mannerism, dialogue delivery and body language."<ref>{{cite web|title=Jai Lalitha Movie Review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Jai-Lalitha/movie-review/37398533.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=28 June 2014|access-date=9 July 2015|archive-date=7 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107020847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Jai-Lalitha/movie-review/37398533.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film however performed average at the box-office. In his final release of the year, ''[[Adyaksha]]'', a romance-comedy, and a remake of the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] ''[[Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam]]'' (2013), he was cast as Chandrashekhara Gowda, and along with his sidekick Narayana (played by [[Chikkanna]]), played the role of a villager who creates havoc in the village as the president of an association "Chi Thu Sangha" ("Chinthe Illada Thund Haikla Sangha"), who then falls in love with a landlord's daughter. The film emerged as a major commercial and critical success, with critics acclaiming Sharan's performance.<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie review: Sharan Adyaksha|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Sharan-Adyaksha/articleshow/40310678.cms|newspaper=Bangalore Mirror|date=25 August 2014|access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> It turned out to be one of Kannada cinema's biggest commercial successes of 2014.<ref name="th1"/> His performance earned him a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] nomination.

In 2015, Sharan starred in ''[[Raja Rajendra]]'' as Bottle Mani, who takes a contract to kill an elder member of the royal family. The film received mixed reviews from critics, though his performance was praised.<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie review 'Raja Rajendra': Comedy in a bottle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150207/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-raja-rajendra-comedy-bottle|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=7 February 2015|access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> He was cast in a double role in the comedy ''[[Bullet Basya]]'' as Basavaraj "Basya", a [[Royal Enfield Bullet]]-riding villager, who has a proclivity for women, and Muthu, his exact opposite. He also sang the song "Kaal Kg Kallekaai" for the film. The film received mostly negative reviews from critics. On Sharan's performance, ''Bangalore Mirror'' wrote, "Sharan has almost gone overboard in search of comedy, but does justice to the two roles."<ref>{{cite news|title=Movie Review: Bullet Basya|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-Review-Bullet-Basya/articleshow/48217191.cms|access-date=31 July 2015|work=Bangalore Mirror|date=25 July 2015|archive-date=10 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410053314/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-Review-Bullet-Basya/articleshow/48217191.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Partial filmography ==

=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1996 ||''[[Karpoorada Gombe]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1999 || ''[[Prema Prema Prema]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Arunodaya (film)|Arunodaya]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Snehaloka]]'' ||Gopi ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Nan Hendthi Chennagidale]]'' || Gopi ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2001 ||''[[Asura (2001 film)|Asura]]'' || Billa ||
|-
|''[[Chitra (2001 film)|Chitra]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Chitte]]''
|Putnarsa
|
|-
| ''[[Yuvaraja (film)|Yuvaraja]]'' || Kutty ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2002 || ''Friends'' || Sharan ||
|-
|''[[Ninne Preethisuve]]'' || Rajesh ||
|-
| ''Devaru Varavanu Kotre'' ||Sharan ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2003
| ''[[Ananda (film)|Ananda]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Kaun Banega Kotyadipathi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kushalave Kshemave]]'' || Sathya ||
|-
| ''Gadibidi Brothers'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2004 ||''Baithare Baithare'' ||Gopi||
|-
| ''[[Monalisa (film)|Monalisa]]'' ||Sharan ||
|-
|''[[Rowdy Aliya]]'' || Sripathi ||
|-
|''[[Sarvabhouma]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Aliya Mane Tholiya'' || || <ref>{{Cite web | title=Welcome to Sify.com | website=[[Sify]] | url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=13621152&ctid=5&cid=2427 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050110092719/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=13621152&ctid=5&cid=2427 | archive-date=2005-01-10 | access-date=2025-01-03}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2005 || ''[[Jootata]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Aham Premasmi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Sirichandana'' || Sharan ||
|-
| ''Thunta'' || Gopalakrishna's friend ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2006 || ''[[7 O' Clock]]'' || Rahul's friend ||
|-
|''[[Hatavadi]]'' ||||
|-
|''[[Tananam Tananam]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Jothe Jotheyali]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2007 || ''[[Sixer (2007 film)|Sixer]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Pallakki]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]'' || Rama ||
|-
| ''Snehanjali'' || ||
|-
|''[[Ganesha (film)|Ganesha]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Gunavantha]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2008 || ''[[Honganasu]]'' || ||
|-
|''Sundari Ganda Sadananda'' ||Sadananda ||
|-
| ''[[Vasanthakala]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Ganga Kaveri]]'' || Arjun's friend ||
|-
|''[[Akka Thangi]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Ee Preethi Yeke Bhoomi Melide]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2009 || ''[[Maleyali Jotheyali]]'' || Venkatesh ||
|-
|''[[Jhossh]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ee Sambhashane]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Love Guru (2009 film)|Love Guru]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Male Barali Manju Irali]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mr. Painter]]'' || Shiva ||
|-
| rowspan="12" | 2010 || ''[[Gaana Bajaana]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Eradane Maduve]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Aithalakkadi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kutti Pisasu|Bombat Car]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Eno Onthara]]'' || Dance Master ||
|-
|''[[Premism]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Hoo (film)|Hoo]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Porki]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Nooru Janmaku]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Punda (film)|Punda]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Modalasala]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bindaas Hudugi]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2011 || ''[[Olave Mandara]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Kempe Gowda (film)|Kempe Gowda]]'' || Pashupathi ||
|-
|''[[Sanju Weds Geetha]]'' || Sanju's uncle ||
|-
|''[[Mathond Madhuvena]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Kool...Sakkath Hot Maga]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Johny Mera Naam Preethi Mera Kaam]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Bhadra (2011 film)|Bhadra]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2012 || ''[[Aarakshaka]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Parijatha]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Lucky (2012 Kannada film)|Lucky]]'' || Aanand / 420 ||
|-
|''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]'' || Krishna Murthy "Kitty" || 100th film Also producer
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2013 || ''[[Ee Bhoomi Aa Bhanu]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Varadhanayaka|Varadanayaka]]'' || Hari's friend ||
|-
|''Neenandre Ishta Kano'' || ||
|-
|''[[Bulbul (2013 film)|Bulbul]]'' || Bobby ||
|-
|''[[Victory (2013 film)|Victory]]'' || Chandru / Munna || Dual role
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014
|''[[Hara (film)|Hara]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jai Lalitha]]''|| Jayaraj ||
|-
|''[[Maanikya]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Adyaksha]]''|| Chandrashekhara Gowda "Chandru" ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015 ||''[[Raja Rajendra]]''|| Bottle Mani / Raja Rajendra || Dual role
|-
|''[[Bullet Basya]]''|| Basavaraj "Basya" / Muthu || Dual role
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016 ||''[[Jai Maruthi 800]]''|| Jeeva ||
|-
|''[[Nataraja Service]]''|| Nataraja ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 ||''[[Raj Vishnu]]''|| Rajvishnu ||
|-
|''[[Satya Harishchandra (2017 film)|Satya Harishchandra]]''|| Satya Harishchandra ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 ||''[[Raambo 2]]''|| Krishna "Krish" ||
|-
|''[[Victory 2]]''|| Chandru / Munna / Salim / Richie || Four roles
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2019 || ''[[Adyaksha in America]]'' || Ullas ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Avatara Purusha (2022 film)|Avatara Purusha: Part 1]]'' || Anila (Karna)||
|-
| ''[[Guru Shishyaru (2022 film)|Guru Shishyaru]]''|| Manohar ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Avatara Purusha 2]]'' || Anila (Karna) ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2025
|''[[Choo Mantar]]''||Dynamo/Gautham||
|-
|''Rajadrohi'' || Madhu alias Uppakadle||
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|Ramarasa}}
|Indira Devendra
|
|}

=== As playback singer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Song
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Raja Rajendra]]''
| "Madhyana Kanasinalli"
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Vajrakaya]]''
| "Thukatha Gadabada"
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Bullet Basya]]''
| "Kaal Kg Kallekaai"
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Dana Kayonu]]''
| "Haalu Kudida Makkale"
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* 2009: nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada|Best Supporting Actor – Kannada]]: ''Josh''
* 2012: nominated, Best Supporting Actor – Kannada: ''[[Parijatha]]''
* 2014: nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor – Kannada]]: ''[[Adyaksha]]''

;[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
* 2012: nominated, Best Debutant Producer (Kannada): ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]''
* 2012: nominated, Best Male Debutant (Kannada): ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]''
* 2019: nominated, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Male) – Kannada : ''[[Raambo 2]]''

;[[Udaya Film Awards]]
* 2012: nominated, Best Debut Actor (Male): ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]''

;Bangalore Times Film Awards
* 2012: Best Actor in a Comic Role: ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|3912271}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharan}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Kannada male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Kannada comedians]]
[[Category:People from Kalaburagi district]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Bengaluru]]

Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare (Maharashtra)

2026-04-23T07:57:10Z

All Singers Music Production: Started basic data first draft...

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for Ex. Servicemen Welfare}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''मंत्रालय माजी. सेवा कर्मचारी कल्याण विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Shambhuraj Desai]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Cabinet Minister]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}

The '''Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare''' is a Ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=Military training in schools to begin from February 1: Bhuse |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/military-training-in-schools-to-begin-from-february-1-bhuse-10498098/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Shambhuraj Desai]]''' is Current Minister of Ex. Servicemen Welfare [[Government of Maharashtra]]. He is also the Tourism minister.<ref>{{Cite news |title=55 Years Later, An Emotional Homecoming For Maharashtra Minister At 'Meghdoot' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/55-years-later-an-emotional-homecoming-for-maharashtras-tourism-minister-and-shiv-sena-leader-shambhuraj-desai-9020401 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250908132903/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/55-years-later-an-emotional-homecoming-for-maharashtras-tourism-minister-and-shiv-sena-leader-shambhuraj-desai-9020401 |archive-date=2025-09-08 |access-date=2026-04-23 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = '''Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare (Maharashtra)'''
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of Ex. Servicemen Welfare}} '''मंत्री माजी. सेवा कर्मचारी कल्याण विभाग'''
|image=
| incumbent = [[Shambhuraj Desai]]
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]''', 
'''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]''' on the advice of the '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]'''
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural =
*'''[[Shankarrao Chavan]]'''
(1960-1962)
| precursor =
* '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]'''
(2024- 2024)
| deputy =
* '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
| incumbentsince = 21 December 2024
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Ex. Servicemen Welfare
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Saoli Assembly constituency|Saoli Constituency No. 73]]- [[Chandrapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Shankarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar Constituency No. 85]]- [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Shankarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar Constituency No. 85]]- [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Yashwantrao Mohite]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South Constituency No. 260]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Hari Govindrao Vartak]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Bassein-Vasai Constituency No. 180]]- [[Palghar district|Palghar District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli Constituency No. 282]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|80px]]
|'''[[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan Constituency No. 193]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Nashikrao Tirpude]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhandara Assembly constituency|Bhandara Constituency No. 61]]- [[Bhandara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Baliram Waman Hiray''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Dabhadi Constituency No. 74]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''Jagannathrao Jadhav''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Sangameshwar Constituency No. 173]]- [[Ratnagiri District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|19 November}} 1979
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1979|11|19}}
|[[Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Surupsingh Hirya Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur Constituency No. 04]]- [[Nandurbar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|80px]]
|'''[[Babasaheb Bhosale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nehrunagar Assembly constituency|Nehrunagar Constituency No. 172]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|11 October}} 1982
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1982|10|11}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 October}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|10|11|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Ramrao Adik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli Constituency No. 282]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vijaysinh Mohite Patil 2014-05-19 00-16.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vijaysinh Mohite-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras Constituency No. 254]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|rowspan="1"|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[V. Subramanian]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|South Mumbai Constituency No. 121]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central Constituency No. 249]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[N. M. Kamble|Narendra Marutrao Kamble]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by Governor Nominated No. 10 - [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
|{{small|25 January}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|03|1991|01|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Jawaharlal Darda 2022 stamp of India cr.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Jawaharlal Darda]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 January}} 1991
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1991|01|25|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:SHRI SHIVAJIRAO BAPUSAHEB DESHMUKH.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Shivajirao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 18 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Ranjeet Deshmukh.jpeg|80px]]
|'''[[Ranjeet Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|18 November}} 1994
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1994|11|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Anna Dange]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|02|01}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Narayan Rane]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kudal Assembly constituency|Malvan Constituency No. 269]]- [[Sindhudurg District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Gopinath Munde.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[Gopinath Munde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Renapur Assembly constituency|Renapur Constituency No. 236]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|1999|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''Vilasrao Balkrishna Patil''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South Constituency No. 260]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|27|2003|01|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Ramkrishna More]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Khed Constituency No. 219]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|11|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]]
| '''[[Ashok Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar Constituency No. 85]]- [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Dilip Walse Patil.png|80px]]
| '''[[Dilip Walse-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ambegaon Assembly constituency|Ambegaon Constituency No. 196]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Naseem Khan (politician)|Mohammed Arif Naseem Khan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chandivali Assembly constituency|Chandivali Constituency No. 168]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:R. R. Patil.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[R. R. Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal Assembly constituency|Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal Constituency No. 287]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|09|26}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2019|06|16}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Sambhaji_Patil_Nilangekar.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Sambhaji Patil Nilangekar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nilanga Assembly constituency|Nilanga Constituency No. 238]]- [[Latur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|16|2019|11|12}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
| '''[[Dadaji Bhuse]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Malegaon Outer Constituency No. 81]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|27}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
| '''[[Shankarrao Gadakh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nevasa Assembly constituency|Nevasa Constituency No. 221]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} ''Additional Charge''
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|27|2022|06|29}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|07|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|46
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|47
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|
|'''[[Shambhuraj Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of Ex. Servicemen Welfare
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Satejpatil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Satej Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by Kolhapur Local Authorities Constituency No. 06 - [[Kolhapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|
*[[Dadaji Bhuse]] (2019 - 2022)
*[[Shankarrao Gadakh]] (2022 - 2022)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant '''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|[[Eknath Shinde]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|NA
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"| [[Shambhuraj Desai]] (2024 – Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-

|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]

Veerateeswarar Temple, Thirupariyalur

2026-04-17T22:33:46Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up New Place Basic Info

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Veerataneswarar temple
| image = Veerateeswarar temple, Parasalur (1).jpg
| alt =
| caption = ''Gopura'' of the Veerataneswarar Temple
| map_type = Tamil Nadu
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|11.090815| 79.725804|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]
| location = Keelaparasalur
| elevation_m =
| deity = Veerataneswarar ([[Shiva]])
| primary_deity_Goddess =
| utsava_deity_Goddess=
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
'''Veerateswarar Temple''' (also called '''Dakshapureeswarat temple''') is a [[Hindu temple]] located at Keelaparasalur (formerly known as Thirupariyalur) in the [[Sembanar Koil block|Sembanarkoil block]] of [[Mayiladuthurai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The historical name of the place is Tirupparialur. The presiding deity is [[Shiva]] in the form of Veerateswarar and his consort is known as Ilam Kobanayal. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', the 276 temples that find mention in it.

As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have destroyed eight different demons and the eight Ashta Veeratanam temples are built signifying each of his victories. The temple is counted one of the eight where Shiva is believed to have punished [[Daksha]].

The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 9:30 p.m., and few yearly festivals on its calendar. The present masonry structure was built during the [[Chola dynasty]] in the 9th century, while later expansions are attributed to [[Thanjavur Nayaks]]. The temple is maintained and administered by the Dharmapuram Aadhenam.

==Legend==
[[File:Veerateeswarar temple, Parasalur (3).jpg|250px|thumb|Temple legend in sculpture|left]]
As per [[Hindu]] legend, [[Dakshayani]] (also called Sati), the daughter of [[Daksha]], married Hindu god [[Shiva]]. Daksha organised a huge [[Yajna]], invited all the demigods and sages, and intentionally avoided Shiva and Dakshayani. [[Daksha yajna]] was an important turning point in the creation and development of sects in Hinduism. It is the story behind the 'Stala Purana' (Origin story of Temples) of [[Shakti Peethas]]. Dakshayani wanted to meet her sisters and father, though her father had not invited her husband. Shiva discouraged her from attending the event as an uninvited guest, but she persisted and attended the event. Daksha insulted her and her husband in front of the guests. She was insisting on depicting the ''havirbhaga'', the prime offering of the yajna to her husband, which Daksha refused. She was unable to bear the insult, ran into the sacrificial fire and immolated herself.

Shiva, upon hearing the terrible incident became furious and invoked [[Virabhadra|Veerabhadra]] and [[Bhadrakali]] by plucking a lock of hair and thrashing it on the ground. Veerabhadra and the [[Bhutagana|Bhoota ganas]] marched south and destroyed all the premises of Daksha, who was decapitated. Daksha's wives were pleading with Shiva, upon whose request Shiva forgave and brought him to life by attaching a goat's head. The Yajna was allowed to be completed in the presence of all demi-gods and sages. The place came to be known as ''Dakshapuram'' (place of Dakhsan) and since Shiva destroyed the wrongdoings of all the celestial deities for attending the yagna in his absence, it came to be known as ''Pariyalur'' (''pari'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] means taking away).<ref name=Giri>{{cite book|title=108 Thennaga Shivasthalangal|language=Tamil|publisher=Giri Trading Agency Private Limited|isbn=978-81-7950-707-0|last=R.|first=Ponnammal|pages=115–9}}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Veerateeswarar temple, Parasalur (4).jpg|250px|thumb|Lingobhava in the temple]]
The temple is located in Pariyalur, a village {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from [[Sembanarkoil]] in [[Mayiladuthurai]] - [[Tharangambadi]] road. The temple faces south and has a five-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]''. The sanctum houses the image of Dakshipureeswarar in the form of ''[[lingam]]'' and on the walls of the sanctum, there is a sculptural panel where Daksha is depicted worshipping Shiva. The lingam is square in shape and believed to be selfformed. The sanctum has ardhamandapa before it and a Mahamandapa, the worship hall. The Mahamandapa houses the metal image of Dakshasamharamurthy sported with six hands holding six different weapons. There is a metal plaque at the footsteps of the utsava image indicating [[Brahma]] starting the yagna of Daksha. The Mahamandapam also houses other metal images of [[Murugan]], [[Somaskanda]], [[Vinayagar]] and Pradoshanayagar. The shrine of Ambal in the form of Ilangodiamman faces west. The image is sported in standing posture with four hands. The temple has two precincts and all the shrines in the temple are enshrined in rectangular granite walls.<ref name=Giri/> The five-tiered rajagopuram is a recent addition to the temple. The temple does not have the [[Navagraha]]s, the nine planetary deities, but just [[Surya]], the Sun god. The temple is administered by [[Dharmapuram Adheenam]].<ref name=Saiva4>{{cite book|title=Saiva Encyclopaedia volume 4 - Thirumurai Thalangal|editor-last=Dr. R.|editor-first=Selvaganapathy|publisher=Saint Sekkizhaar Human Resource Development Charitable Trust|location=Chennai, India|year=2013|pages=313–14}}</ref>

== Religious significance ==
[[File:Veerateeswarar temple, Parasalur (2).jpg|250px|thumb|View of the gopuram of the temple]]
It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] [[Tirugnanasambandar]]. As per legend, Shiva is believed to have destroyed eight different demons namely Andakasuran, Gajasuran, Jalandasuran, Thirupuradhi, Kaman, Arjunan, Dakshan and Taaragasuran. There are Ashta Veeratanam temples built signifying each of his victories in the war,<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Medical and Spiritual Sciences of Siddhas of Tamil Nadu|last=P.|first=Karthigayan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4HDDAAAQBAJ&q=veerattam&pg=PT388|page=388|publisher=Notion Press|year=2016|isbn=9789352065523}}</ref> and also as places where he is believed to have performed with fury.<ref name=C137>{{cite book|title=Vishnu temples of South India volume 4|last=Madhavan|first=Chithra|isbn=978-81-908445-3-6|publisher=Alpha Land Books Pvt. Ltd.|year=2014|location=Chennai|page=145}}</ref> The eight temples are: [[Thiruvadigai Temple, Panruti|Tiruvadigai Veerattaaneswarar Temple]] at Thiruvadigai, [[Veerateeswarar Temple|Tirukkovilur Veerateshwarar Temple]] at [[Tirukoilur]], [[Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple|Veerateswarar temple]] at Korukkai or Thirukkurukkai, [[Amritaghateswarar-Abirami Temple, Thirukkadaiyur|Amirtagateswarar Temple]] at [[Thirukadaiyur]], [[Viratteswara Temple, Vazhuvur|Vazhuvur Verateswarar Temple]] at [[Vazhuvoor]], Keelaparasalur Veerateswarar Temple at Tirupariyalur, [[Kandeeswarar Temple]] at [[Thirukkandiyur]] and [[Tiruvirkudi Veerataneswarar Temple]] at Thiruvirkudi.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=458–9}}</ref> Shiva in all these temples are described to have used bow and arrow, trident and spear.vThe temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=39|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref>

Tirugnanasambandar describes the feature of the deity as:<ref>Tirugnanasambandar Tevaram, I: 134:9</ref>
{{cquote|விளங்கொண் மலர்மே லயனோத வண்ணன் 
துளங்கும் மனத்தார் தொழத்தழ லாய்நின்றான் 
இளங்கொம் பனாளோ டிணைந்தும் பிணைந்தும் 
விளங்குந் திருப்பறியல் வீரட்டத் தானே.}}

==Festival and religious practices==
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaivism|Shaivaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Kalasanthi at 7:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 10:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 6:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:30 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''abhisheka'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Amritaghateswar and Abhirami Amman. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'', fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. There is a temple procession during the Sundays of the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Karthigai.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Veerateeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=510|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web|title= Veerateswarar Temple, Tiruppariyalur (now known as Parasalur)
|url= http://www.shivatemples.com/sofc/sc041.php |publisher=Shiva Temples of Tamilnadu, Paadal Petra Sivasthalangal}}

{{commons category|Veerateeswarar temple, Parasalur}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Ashta Veeratta Stalam]]

Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam

2026-04-15T16:19:56Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Phanjoubam Nirmala Devi}}
{{Meitei name|Phanjoubam|Nirmala|Devi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Nirmala Devi
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|3|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.64 m<ref name="AFC-squad-list">{{cite web |title=2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup Squad Lists |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/2026_AFC_Womens_Asian_Cup/Finals/Squad_Lists/AFC-Women's-Asian-Cup-Australia-2026%E2%84%A2-Final-Registration---Feb-25upd.pdf?source=url |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=27 February 2026 }}</ref>
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| currentclub = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| clubnumber = 3
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Andro Mahilla MA
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2021–2022
| clubs2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 =
| clubs3 = United Pukhao SA
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 = 2022–2023
| clubs4 = [[Eastern Sporting Union]]
| caps4 =
| goals4 =
| years5 = 2023–
| clubs5 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| caps5 =
| goals5 =
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 2025–
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 13
| nationalgoals2 = 1
| club-update =
| nationalteam-update = 15 April 2026
}}
'''Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam''' ({{langx|mni|Phanjoubam Nirmala Devi}}, 2 March 2003)<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF -Senior National team -PHANJOUBAM NIRMALA DEVI |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/132582 |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=The AIFF}}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] professional footballer from [[Manipur]] who plays as a defender for the [[Indian Women's League]] club [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] and the [[India women's national football team|India national football team]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IWL: Sethu FC breeze past HOPS FC to win 2-0 at Ambedkar Stadium |url=https://ianslive.in/iwl-sethu-fc-breeze-past-hops-fc-to-win-2-0-at-ambedkar-stadium--20250202172927 |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=ianslive.in |date=2 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> She has also represented the clubs [[Eastern Sporting Union]] and [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] at the domestic level.

== Early life and career ==
Devi is from Manipur. She is selected by Indian chief coach [[Crispin Chettri]] for the National camp at [[RDS Stadium|Anantapur]], Andhra Pradesh, in preparation for the [[2025 Pink Ladies Cup|Pink Ladies Cup]], to be held at Sharjah, [[United Arab Emirates]], from 20 to 26 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-02-17 |title=India women's head coach Crispin Chettri names 23-member squad for Pink Ladies Cup in UAE |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-womens-football-squad-pink-ladies-cup-russia-korea-republic-full-team-crispin-chettri/article69228786.ece |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> On 17 February 2025, she was named in the final squad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crispin Chettri names 23-member squad for Pink Ladies Cup in UAE |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/crispin-chettri-names-23-member-squad-for-pink-ladies-cup-in-uae20250217123945/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crispin Chettri names 23-member squad for Pink Ladies Cup in UAE |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/crispin-chettri-names-23-member-squad-for-pink-ladies-cup-in-uae |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref> She made her senior India debut against Jordan at the Al Hamriya Sports Club Stadium, Sharjah on 20 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior India women produce a dominant display to tame Jordan in Sharjah opener |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/senior-india-women-produce-a-dominant-display-to-tame-jordan-in-sharjah-opener |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref>

In July 2020, she was in the probables list selected by [[All India Football Federation]] for the Under–17 Women’s World Cup 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-11 |title=Two Goans among probables for U-17 Women's World Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/76914586.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2025-02-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===International===
{{Updated|15 April 2026}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan=2|[[India women's national football team|India]]
|2025
|9
|1
|-
|2026
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=2|Total
!13
!1
|}

:''Scores and results list India's goal tally first.''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+List of international goals scored by Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 2 July 2025 || [[700th Anniversary Stadium]], [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]] || {{fbw|IRQ}} || align=center|'''4'''–0 || align=center| 5–0 || [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/132582 Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam] at [[All India Football Federation]].

{{India squad 2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phanjoubam, Nirmala Devi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:Women's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Eastern Sporting Union players]]
[[Category:Sethu FC players]]
[[Category:Kickstart FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup players]]

Tallakulam (Madurai)

2026-04-15T00:57:37Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up Basic Article Initial Version

{{morefootnotes|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Tallakulam (Madurai)
|native_name = Thallaakulam
|native_name_lang = ta
|other_name =
|settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
|image_skyline =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|nickname =
|image_map =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|coordinates = {{coord|9|55|56.2|N|78|08|17.9|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag | India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[File: TamilNadu Logo.svg|23x16px|border|alt=Tamil Nadu]][[Tamil Nadu]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Madurai district]]
|established_title = <! -- Established -->
|government_type =
|government_body =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_rank =
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation =
|population_total =
|population_as_of =
|population_rank =
|population_density_km2 =
|demographics_type1 = [[Languages]]
|demographics1_title1 = [[Official]]
|demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]]
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 625002
|area_code_type = [[Telephone]] Code
|area_code = 0452
|registration_plate =
|blank1_name_sec1 = Other Neighbourhoods
|blank1_info_sec1 = Sellur, Goripalayam, Narimedu, [[Madurai]], B. B. Kulam, Chinnachokkikulam, [[Alwarpuram]], Nelpettai, Shenoy Nagar, Anna Nagar, K. K. Nagar, Simmakkal, Arappalayam
|blank2_name_sec1 = Municipal body
|blank2_info_sec1 = [[Madurai Corporation]]
|blank3_name_sec1 =
|blank3_info_sec1 =
|blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]]
|blank4_info_sec1 = [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency]]
|blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]]
|blank5_info_sec1 = [[Madurai North Assembly constituency]]
|blank6_name_sec1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
|blank6_info_sec1 = [[S. Venkatesan]]
|blank7_name_sec1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|blank7_info_sec1 = [[G. Thalapathi]]
|website = https://madurai.nic.in
|footnotes =
}}

'''Tallakulam''' or '''Thallaakulam''' is located in [[Madurai district]], in the State of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[India]]. There is a 'rest mandapam' (mandagappadi in Tamil language) called 'Ramanathapuram Sethupathi Mandapam' at Tallakulam. During Chithirai festival in the months of April - May, Lord Kallazhagar from Alagar temple visits so many mandapams in and around Madurai on his way to and fro Madurai. This year (2022) also, Lord Kallazhagar began his return journey to Alagarkoil from Ramanathapuram Sethupathi Mandapam at Tallakulam, mounted on 'Poo Pallakku'<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/Madurai/article65336226.ece|title=Lord Kallazhagar leaves for His abode on 'Poo Pallakku'|work=The Hindu}}</ref> here at Tallakulam.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/tamukkam-ground-to-get-a-modern-auditorium-parks/articleshow/74520084.cms|title=Madurai's Tamukkam ground to get a modern auditorium, parking|work=Times of India}}</ref> Most Maduraiites go to have fun at the Tamukkam ground and explore the annual Government Chithirai Exhibition.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/government-exhibition-draws-crowd-to-tamukkam-ground/article65451826.ece|title=Government exhibition draws crowd to Tamukkam Ground|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/Madurai/article65414459.ece|title=Chithirai exhibition begins in Tamukkam grounds|work=The Hindu}}</ref> As many as 90,361 people visited the 212th annual Government Chithirai Exhibition at Tamukkam ground.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/over-90000-visit-government-exhibition-in-madurai/article65507330.ece|title=As many as 90,361 people visited the 212th annual Government Chithirai Exhibition at Tamukkam ground|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

A mega book fair is to be organized by the Booksellers and Publishers Association of South India and the district administration between 23 September – 3 October 2022, at the Tamukkam Ground.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/mega-book-fair-in-madurai-from-september-23/article65878582.ece|title=Mega book fair in Madurai from September 23|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Location ==
Tallakulam is located at the coordinates of 9.932269°N78.138310°E.

== Transport ==
=== Road transport ===
Nearby bus terminus is Madurai - Anna Bus Stand. [[Mattuthavani Bus Stand, Madurai]] is such a big bus terminus through which state-wide places are connected by road transport, which is 4 km from Tallakulam.

=== Rail transport ===
[[Madurai Junction railway station]] is 6 km from Tallakulam.

=== Air transport ===
The nearest Airport is [[Madurai Airport]] at [[Avaniapuram]] 18 km away from Tallakulam.

== Education ==
=== Schools ===
Private schools such as Noyes Matriculation Higher Secondary School and OCPM Higher Secondary School, in Narimedu nearer to Tallakulam, serve the girl students better.

=== Colleges ===
# [[American College in Madurai|American College]] is located on Azhagar Koil road, Goripalayam just a km from here..
# Sri Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women is 2 km from here.
# [[Madurai Medical College]] is 3 km away from here.

== Medical facilities ==
Nearer [[Government Rajaji Hospital]] in Goripalayam serves a lot of people in and around Madurai city. Some private hospitals also play important roles.

== Place of visit ==
[[Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai]] is one of the important places of visit, which is just a km from Tallakulam. The Gandhi Memorial Museum in Madurai, spread over a sprawling 13.5 acre campus, is visited by 6.6 lakh tourists every year. The Chief Minister M. K. Stalin has announced that Gandhi Memorial Museum in Madurai will be renovated at an outlay of ₹6 crore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/gandhi-museum-gets-fund-for-renovation-at-the-right-time/article35927134.ece|title=Gandhi Museum gets fund for renovation at the right time|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Worshipping ==
===Temples ===
[[Prasanna Venkatachalapathy Temple, Tallakulam|Sri Prasanna Venkatachalapathy temple]] in Tallakulam is famous for its construction by King (Mannar) Thirumalai Naicker. During the reign of King (Mannar) Thirumalai Naicker, he was a devotee of Lord Vishnu (Shri Venkatachalapathy) in Tiruppathi. He used to have his breakfast after his morning Pooja. His morning Pooja was being done following the Pooja of Lord Venkatachalapathy in Tiruppathi. For that 'Bell mandaps' ('Manikatti Mandapangal' in Tamil) had been constructed by him at various places from Tiruppathi to Madurai. Once the Pooja at Tiruppathi started, the first bell in Tiruppathi was rung and thereafter the other bells following it. And on hearing the sound of the last bell in Madurai, King Thirumalai Naicker to finish his pooja and thereafter to have had his breakfast. On one day, there was no sign of ringing the bells. So he rushed to the spot of Bell mandap nearby his palace in Madurai. On his way, he felt an obstacle which was a statue of an 'anger mode' Anjaneya. He stopped for a while and found an immediate darshan (Prasanna) of Lord Venkatachalapathy there (now called Tallakulam). This made him very astonishing and pleased. So, he decided to build a temple for Lord Venkatachalapathy. So was the construction of it and named 'Sri Prasanna Venkatachalapathy temple'.

[[Meenakshi Temple, Madurai]] is located 4 km from Tallakulam.

== Church ==
A church nearby is worshipped by a number of Christian community people.

=== Mosque ===
Tallakulam has an important mosque near its neighbourhood Goripalayam viz., [[Goripalayam Mosque]].

== Business ==
Tallakulam is a better place for all businesses, including printing. A non-vegetarian restaurant viz., 'Amma Mess' is popular to everyone for its taste and quality of various dishes. Its neighbourhood Sellur is flooded with a lot of Handloom and Powerloom factories, that provide labour opportunities for more people.

== Political notability ==
Tallakulam area falls under the [[Madurai North Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=மதுரை மாநகராட்சி பகுதியில் - வார்டு வாரியாக சட்டப்பேரவை தொகுதிகள் : |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/todays-paper/regional01/647019-.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref> The winner of the election held in the year 2021 as the member of its assembly constituency is [[G. Thalapathi]]. Also, this area belongs to [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency]]. [[S. Venkatesan]] won the 2019 elections, as the member of its Lok Sabha constituency. 2 km away from Tallakulam, at the intersection of roads in Goripalayam, a standing posture statue of former political leader cum reformer 'Paumpon Muthuramalingam' is erected.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods and suburbs of Madurai]]

Sant Ram Sharma

2026-04-12T00:41:26Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up Initial Bio From Scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{infobox officeholder
| name = Pandit Sant Ram
| birth_date = 14 April 1929
| death_date = 30 june 1998
| birth_place = Chobin,Baijnath
| spouse = Nirmala Devi
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| death_place = Shimla
| awards =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Agriculturalist
| office1 = [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Baijnath Assembly constituency|Baijnath]]
| term_start1 = 5 March 1972
| term_end1 = 27 February 1990
| predecessor1 = [[Bansi Ram]]
| successor1 = [[Dulo Ram]]
| constituency2 = [[Baijnath Assembly constituency|Baijnath]]
| term_start2 = 11 September 1993
| term_end2 = 30 June 1998
| predecessor2 = Dulo Ram
| successor2 = Dulo Ram
}}

'''Pandit Sant Ram ''', commonly known as simply '''Sant Ram''', was an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Baijnath (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baijnath constituency]] first in the [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. Sant Ram was re-elected in the 1977, 1982, 1985, 1993, and 1998 legislative elections. He also served as a senior cabinet minister in the Himachal Pradesh Government under Chief Minister [[Virbhadra Singh]], and as president of the [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]]. Shri Sant Ram died on 30 June 1998. Shri [[Dulo Ram]] was elected from Baijnath in the following by-election. His son, [[Sudhir Sharma]], was born in 1972 and has served as both a minister in the Himachal Pradesh government, and as the MLA for [[Dharamshala Assembly constituency]]. Sharma is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Ex-Congress MLA Sudhir Sharma seeks FIR against Himachal CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu for criminal defamation |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/himachal-pradesh/ex-congress-mla-sudhir-sharma-seeks-fir-against-himachal-cm-sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-for-criminal-defamation-2968535 |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sethi |first=Chitleen K. |date=2017-10-23 |title=Dynasty to the fore in Himachal: Virbhadra's son not the only one rising |url=https://theprint.in/politics/dynasty-fore-himachal-virbhadras-son-not-one-rising/13194/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-28 |title=Himachal Pradesh crisis: Meet the 9 MLAs who voted against Congress and the minister who resigned |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/himachal-pradesh-crisis-mla-voted-against-congress-minister-resigned-9185878/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-10-11 |title=I am the last member of my family in politics: Sudhir Sharma |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/i-am-the-last-member-of-my-family-in-politics-sudhir-sharma/articleshow/61028546.cms |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-29 |title=Sudhir tarnished the legacy of Pandit Santram: Congress - HIMACHAL HEADLINES |url=https://www.himachalheadlines.com/news/sudhir-tarnished-the-legacy-of-pandit-santram-congress/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-10-16 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Sant Ram}}
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Dharamshala]]
[[Category:1929 births]]

{{HimachalPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}

M. C. Sudhakar

2026-04-10T13:53:54Z

All Singers Music Production: Started a entry v1...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Dr. M. C. Sudhakar
| image = Dr.M C Sudhakar, Minister of Higher Education ,GoK.jpg
| caption = M. C. Sudhakar
| office = Cabinet Minister for Higher Education, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| governor = [[Thawarchand Gehlot]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice =
| term_start = 27 May 2023
| office1 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2023
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = M. Krishna Reddy
| successor1 =
| constituency1 = [[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani]]
| term_start2 = 2004
| term_end2 = 2013
| predecessor2 = Chowda Reddy
| successor2 = M. Krishna Reddy
| constituency2 = [[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Chintamani Assembly Constituency Election Result|work= resultuniversity.com |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/chintamani-karnataka-assembly-constituency|access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref>
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|3|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = Malapally, [[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani]], [[Karnataka]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| relations =
| spouse = Smt. Sapna
| children = M.S. Samanvay, Purvi Shika, Purav Shikar
| parents = Chowdareddy (father)

Smt.Shanthamma (mother)
| relatives = M.C. Anjaneya Reddy (Grandfather)
Smt. Kempamma (Grandmother)

Dr. M.C. Balaji (brother)

Smt. Padmaja (sister)
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| website = https://mcsudhakar.com
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Dr. Malapalli Chowdareddy Sudhakar''' (born 18 March 1969) is an Indian politician serving as Cabinet Minister for Higher education, Government of Karnataka in cabinet of [[Siddaramaiah]].<ref>{{cite web |title=DR M C SUDHAKAR|work= ourneta.com |url=https://myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7920|access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Karnataka Cabinet expansion, 24 legislators take oath as Ministers|work= The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-cabinet-expansion-24-legislators-take-oath-as-ministers/article66900019.ece|date=27 May 2023|access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref> He is serving as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] for third time from [[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani Assembly]] under [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chintamani Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Dr M C Sudhakar of INC Wins|work=News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/chintamani-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-7795243.html|date=13 May 2023|access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chintamani Election Results LIVE Updates : JDS loses its seat, MC Sudhakar from Congress emerges winner|work=cnbctv18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/chintamani-election-results-live-updates-jds-loses-its-seat-mc-sudhakar-from-congress-emerges-winner-16651401.htm|date=13 May 2023|access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref>

==Early life and career as a doctor==
Sudhakar's primary education took place at Kishore Vidhya Bhavan, [[Chintamani, Karnataka|Chintamani]]. He continued his schooling at Sathya Sai Loka Seva School, Muddenahalli.

He completed his pre university from [[National College, Bangalore|National College, Basavanagudi]] and Bachelor of Dentistry from Bangalore Dental College in 1992. He completed his Master of Dental Surgery (Prosthodontics) from AB Shetty Dental College, [[Mangalore, Karnataka|Mangalore]] in 1994.

Sudhakar started his dental career at Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mathrushri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital |url=http://ambedkardental.com/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=ambedkardental.com}}</ref> Bangalore, as a Senior Lecturer while also maintaining a private practice at Cunningham Road. He later served as a professor at AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-08 |title=AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Center - AECS |url=https://www.aecsgroup.co.in/aecs-maaruti-college-of-dental-sciences-research-center/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=AECS - Just another WordPress site}}</ref> Bangalore and was also president of the Indian Dental Association Karnataka division.

==Political Background==
Sudhakar's great-grandfather, Patel Chowdareddy, was a member of the Mysore Representative Assembly from 1903 to 1905 under the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Princely State]] in the pre-independence era.

His grandfather, M C Anjaneya Reddy, was the first Municipal President of [[Chintamani, Karnataka|Chintamani]] in the pre-independence era and post-independence he was the first [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Chintamani in 1952 as an independent candidate. He continued as an MLA and MLC until his demise in 1976. He was the first President of the District Congress Committee of the undivided [[Kolar district]].

Sudhakar's father, Chowdareddy, was Minister of Urban Development and Home in the cabinet of the then Chief Minister Shri [[Veerappa Moily|M Veerappa Moily]] from 1992 to 1994 and served as an MLA for five terms from 1972 to 2004.

==Political career==
In 1999,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Assembly Election Results in 1999 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1999-election-results.html |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref> Dr. MC Sudhakar started actively involving in politics. After his father Chowdareddy’s retirement from active politics in 2004,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ರಾಜಕಾರಣ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಬಳುವಳಿ: ದಂತವೈದ್ಯನಿಗೆ ಒಲಿದ ಸಚಿವಗಿರಿ! |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/karnataka/dr-mc-sudhakar-profile-political-career-age-education-caste-net-worth-and-more/articleshow/100545045.cms |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref> Sudhakar contested the assembly elections for the first time under [[Indian National Congress]] and won. In 2008, he won consequently for second term as MLA. During his tenure in politics extensive developmental activities were taken up in the Taluk of [[Chintamani, Karnataka|Chintamani]]. Dr. MC Sudhakar had election setbacks in 2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ J .Kkrishnareddy winner in Chintamani, Karnataka Assembly Elections 2013: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/2013/chintamani/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> and 2018<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chintamani Election Result 2018 Live: Chintamani Assembly Elections Results (Vidhan Sabha Polls Result) |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/karnataka/chintamani-election-result/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=News18}}</ref> as an independent candidate with margins of 1,696 and 5,240 votes respectively.

In 2023 Assembly elections Dr. MC Sudhakar won by a margin of 29,052 votes as congress candidate and he was appointed Cabinet Minister for Higher education, Government of Karnataka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/ministry.htm |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=www.kla.kar.nic.in}}</ref>

==Positions held==
* [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] - Present: Cabinet Minister for Higher Education, Government of Karnataka; Member of Legislative Assembly<ref name=":2" /> (third term)
* [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008 - 2013]]: Member of Legislative Assembly<ref>{{Cite web |title=2008 Assembly election results for Karnataka |url=https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/2008 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=elections.traceall.in |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103081428/https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (second term)
* [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004 - 2008]]: Member of Legislative Assembly<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Assembly Election Results in 2004 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2004-election-results.html |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref> (first term)
* Professor at AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre,<ref name=":1" /> Bangalore
* Assistant Professor/Senior Lecturer, Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital,<ref name=":0" /> Bangalore

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudhakar, M C}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:1969 births]]

Jawanum Mullapoovum

2026-04-08T04:03:19Z

All Singers Music Production: Starting new pg first draft

{{Short description|2023 Indian Malayalam-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jawanum mullapoovam
| image = Jawanum Mullapoovum.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Raghu Menon
| producer = {{Ubl | Sameer Sait | Vinod Unnithan}}
| writer = Suresh Krishnan
| screenplay = Suresh Krishnan
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[Sshivada]]
| Sumesh Chandran
| [[Rahul Madhav]]
| Sini Abraham
| [[Devi Ajith]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = {{Ubl
| [[4 Musics]]
| Mathai Sunil<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ml:ആഘോഷപ്പാട്ടുമായി ‘ജവാനും മുല്ലപ്പൂവും’; വിഡിയോ ശ്രദ്ധേയം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2023/03/14/jinga-jinga-song-from-the-movie-jawanum-mullapoovum.html |publisher=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=14 April 2023 |date=14 March 2023 |language=ml}}</ref>
}}
| editing = Sanal Anirudhan
| cinematography = Shyal Satheesh
| studio = 2 Creative Minds
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2023|03|31|ref1=<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/jawanum-mullappoovum/movieshow/95409897.cms |title=Jawanum MullapoovumUA |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 118 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Jawanum Mullappoovum''''' is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by debutant Raghu Menon,<ref>{{cite web |title=Javanum Mullapoovum: Sshivada plays a teacher, makers release first look |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/nov/10/javanum-mullapoovum-sshivada-plays-a-teacher-makers-release-first-look-2516647.html |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=14 April 2023 |date=10 November 2022}}</ref> starring [[Sshivada]], Sumesh Chandran and [[Rahul Madhav]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web |title='Jawanum Mullapoovum' trailer: Sshivada starrer is a complete family entertainer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jawanum-mullapoovum-trailer-sshivada-starrer-is-a-complete-family-entertainer/articleshow/99085582.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 April 2023 |date=29 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=First look poster of Sshivada's 'Jawanum Mullappoovum' released |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/11/16/jawanum-mullappoovum-sshivada-sumesh-chandran.html |publisher=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=14 April 2023 |date=16 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Jawanum Mullappoovum': Makers unveil the first look poster for Sumesh Chandran - Sshivada starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jawanum-mullappoovum-makers-unveil-the-first-look-poster-for-sumesh-chandran-sshivada-starrer/articleshow/95395518.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 April 2023 |date=9 November 2022}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
''Jawanum Mullappoovum'' is the story of Jayasree Teacher and the circumstances showing how life becomes difficult for the common people without any sufficient knowledge in technology during the time of pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ml:ദൃശ്യം 2 ഫെയിം സുമേഷും രാഹുലും ശിവദയും ഒന്നിക്കുന്നു, 'ജവാനും മുല്ലപ്പൂവും' പൂർത്തിയായി |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/jawanum-mullappoovum-movie-shooting-completed-1.7813808 |publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] |access-date=14 April 2023 |date=24 August 2022 |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ml:ജവാനും helloമുല്ലപ്പൂവും ട്രെയിലർ രസകരമായ ഫാമിലി ഡ്രാമ വാഗ്ദാനം ചെയ്യുന്നു |url=https://www-onmanorama-com.translate.goog/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/03/28/jawanum-mullapoovum-trailer-promises-fun-filled-family-drama-sumesh-sshivada.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ml&_x_tr_hl=ml&_x_tr_pto=tc |publisher=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=14 April 2023 |date=28 March 2023 |language=ml | title=Jawanum Mullapoovum trailer promises fun-filled family drama }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ml:സുമേഷും രാഹുലും ശിവദയും ഒന്നിക്കുന്ന 'ജവാനും മുല്ലപ്പൂവും'; ഫസ്റ്റ് ലുക്ക് എത്തി |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/jawanum-mullappoovum-movie-first-look-out-now-rl2emn |publisher=[[Asianet News]] |access-date=14 April 2023 |date=9 November 2022 |language=ml}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Sshivada]] as Jayasree Teacher
*Sumesh Chandran as Giridhar / Jawan
*[[Rahul Madhav]] as Sajan Peter, IT Professional
*Sini Abraham as Mercy
*Ambily as Fathima
*Vinod Unnithan as Ichayan
*[[Balaji Sarma]] as Sub Inspector Solomon
*[[Devi Ajith]] as Head Mistress
*Vinod Kedamangalam as Babukuttan
*Harisree Martin as Hussain
*Baby Sadhika Menon as Diya, Jayasree's daughter
*Sandeep Padmanabhan as Shamsu mash
*Kavitha Raghunandan Rema Teacher
*Cobra Rajesh as John Mash
*Bala Shankar as Junior Jayanthan
*Sabu as Bhagavather
}}

== Reception ==
Flickonclick critic gave 4 stars out of 5 and stated that "The family entertainer starts off on a positive note and as viewers start to get comfortable with a feel-good story they are thrust into an environment that has a lot of intrigue and suspense. The movie progresses quite naturally and you won’t feel that the storyline is forced at any moment"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-31 |title=Jawanum Mullapoovum Review: An Endearing Family Entertainer with Good Intrigue |url=https://www.flickonclick.com/jawanum-mullapoovum-review-an-endearing-family-entertainer-with-good-intrigue/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{imdb title|23538910}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2023 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]

Ayyappa Paniker

2026-04-05T15:34:12Z

All Singers Music Production: stub

{{short description|Indian poet and critic (1930–2006)}}
{{Similar names|K. M. Panikkar|Kavalam Narayana Panicker|K. N. Panikkar|}}
{{family name hatnote|Kavalam|Ayyappa Paniker|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. Ayyappa Paniker
| image = Ayyapapanicker323.jpg
| alt = Ayyappa Panicker
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1930|09|12}}
| birth_place = [[Kavalam, Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2006|08|23|1930|09|12}}
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| other_names = Ayyappa Panicker കേശവപണിക്കർ അയ്യപ്പ പണിക്കർ
| known_for = [[Malayalam]] poetry
| education =
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Kerala]]|[[Indiana University Bloomington]]}}
| employer =
| notable works = {{ubl|''Kurukshethram''|''Ayyappapanikkarude Krithikal''|''Chintha''}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Poet|[[literary critic]]|academic|scholar|[[Reader (academic rank)|reader]]}}
}}
{{Infobox academic
| thesis_title = Poetry of Robert Lowell
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Malabar Christian College]]|[[University of Kerala]]|[[Indiana University]]}}
| doctoral_advisor = Robert E. Gross.
| doctoral_students = {{ublist | [[V. C. Harris]]|[[Chandramathi]]}}
}}
'''Kavalam Ayyappa Paniker''', sometimes spelt '''Ayyappa Panicker''' (12 September 1930 – 23 August 2006), was a [[Malayalam]] poet, literary critic, and an academic and a scholar in modern and post-modern literary theories as well as ancient Indian [[aesthetics]] and literary traditions. He was one of the pioneers of modernism in Malayalam poetry, where his seminal works like Kurukshethram (1960), is considered a turning point in Malayalam poetry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Poet-Ayyappa-Paniker-dead/articleshow/1920475.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811055636/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-08-23/india/27795413_1_malayalam-lung-literature|url-status=live|archive-date=11 August 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Poet Ayyappa Paniker dead |date=23 August 2006}}</ref> Many of Ayyappa Paniker's poems and his several essays were an important influence on later generations of Malayalam writers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/24/stories/2006082416770400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001005445/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/24/stories/2006082416770400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=A lonely traveller's journey ends: Ayyappa Panicker had few peers in scholarship |date=24 August 2006}}</ref><ref name=to>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060305/spectrum/book5.htm|title=Poetry powered by realism: Ayyappa Paniker is rightfully called the architect of modern Malayalam poetry.|date=5 March 2006|work=The Tribune}}</ref> His poems often reflected his deep concern for the environment with works such as Kadevide Makkale -Malayalam കാടെവിടെ മക്കളെ (Where are the forests?)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2023/09/15/remembering-writer-ayyappa-paniker.html |title=കാടെവിടെ മക്കളേ, നാടെവിടെ മക്കളേ അയ്യപ്പപ്പണിക്കരുടെ കവിതയെവിടെ?}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dspace.uohyd.ac.in/server/api/core/bitstreams/50074840-a2eb-44df-8a73-729b0039a188/content |title=The Silent Valley and its Discontens: Literary Environmetalism and the Ecologial Discourse in Kerala (1975–1984) |website=dspace.uohyd.ac.in |date=2009 |access-date=30 March 2025}}</ref>

In an academic career which ran in consonance with his literary one, and spanned four decades, he taught in various colleges and universities before retiring as the Director, Institute of English, [[University of Kerala]]. He published over 25 works, translated several important work to Malayalam, including [[Guru Granth Sahib]] and a book in French; as a scholarly editor he produced numerous anthologies on [[Indian literature]], he was the chief editor of the [[Sahitya Akademi]]'s ''Indian Literary Encyclopaedia''.<ref name=to/> Another important work by him ''Indian Narratology'', published by [[IGNCA]], was the first of its kind to study various forms of the art of narration, in [[Indian literature]], starting with [[Vedic literature|Vedic]] and oral literature to [[Buddhist literature|Buddhist]] and contemporary literature.<ref>[http://www.ignca.nic.in/nl002708.htm STUDYING THE NARRATIVE LITERATURE OF INDIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410150700/http://ignca.nic.in/nl002708.htm |date=10 April 2009}} [[IGNCA]], Newsletters, 2003 Volume III (May – June).</ref>

==Early life and education==
Paniker (his preferred spelling) was born in [[Kavalam]] near [[Alappuzha]] to E. Naryanan of Periyamana Illam, and M. Meenakshiamma. Fourth of the eight children, six of them girls, he grew up without any paternal affection, while his mother died when he was 12 years old, this early anguish and solitude deeply reflected in his poetry, which he started writing when he was in high school.<ref name=to/>

The Kavalam village, was also home to people like, [[K. M. Panikkar]], historian and administrator, and playwright and poet, [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]], his cousin.<ref name=le/> He published his first poem at the age of 16, published in the [[Mathrubhoomi]] Weekly. He did his Intermediate at [[Malabar Christian College]], [[Kozhikode]], and BA Honours in English Literature at the [[University College Trivandrum|University College]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in 1951, thereafter he received his master's degree from the [[University of Kerala]].{{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}

Paniker took his doctorate from [[Indiana University Bloomington]] from 1969 to 1971 with a [[doctoral dissertation]] on the poetry of [[Robert Lowell]], supervised by Robert E. Gross, subsequently he did post-doctoral research in [[Yale]] and [[Harvard University]] (1981–82).<ref>[http://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/dr--k--ayyappa-paniker-10.php K. Ayyappa Paniker]</ref>

==Career==
{{Quote box| width=20%|align=right|quote=Leaders, selfish and opportunistic, tell us that life is for doing good, that good is nothing but social good. If we are clever in spreading the net, we can have a good haul.|source=-Ayyappa Paniker<ref name=to/>|}}
Paniker joined [[CMS College]], [[Kottayam]] as a lecturer of English in 1951, after working there for a year, he joined the [[Mahatma Gandhi College]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. He started teaching at the [[University College Trivandrum|University College]], in Thiruvananthapuram in 1952, and did so until 1965.{{Citation needed|date= April 2022}} At this point, he became a Professor at the Institute of English and Head of the department in [[University of Kerala]] (1965–74). In 1974, he became Reader in English, at the Institute of English under University of Kerala, a post he held till 1980, when he became Dean of Faculty of Arts in the University of Kerala, he retired in 1990.{{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}

Through his long career he lectured in many national and international universities, including around 25 universities in US, where came across poets [[James Dickey]], [[John Hollander]], [[Czeslaw Milosz]] and [[Allen Ginsberg]].<ref name=p/>

==Awards and recognition==
Paniker was a recipient of a number of honours including the [[Padma Shri]],<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] award for poetry and criticism, [[Sahitya Akademi Award|''Kendriya'' Sahitya Akademi Award]] for poetry, 2005 ''[[Saraswati Samman]]'' for his collection of writings ''Ayyappa Panikerude Krithikal'', ''Distinguished Teacher'' award, ''Mahakavi Ulloor'' award for poetry, ''Kabir Samman'', ''International Man of the Year'' (IBC, Cambridge, United Kingdom),<ref>{{cite news |title=Malayalam poet Ayyappa Panicker dead |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/story2013.php?storyId=11269 |access-date=11 October 2018 |work=The Indian Express |date=24 August 2006 |language=en-gb}}</ref> ''Indira Gandhi Memorial Fellowship'' with lead to the book, ''Indian Narratology'' published by [[IGNCA]], [[Gangadhar Meher]] National Award for poetry, ''Asan Prize'' and ''Jana Sanskriti Award'' (Abu Dhabi), ''Vayalar Award'', Pandalam Keralavarma award and ''Vallathol Award''. 2015 was conducted in memory of him.{{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}

==Personal life==
He died in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] (Trivandrum) on 23 August 2006 at the age of 76 and was survived by his wife and two children.<ref name=p>{{cite news|url=http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=World_News&subsection=India&month=August2006&file=World_News2006082421731.xml|title=Poet Ayyappa Panicker is no more |date=24 August 2006|publisher=[[The Peninsula (newspaper)|The Peninsula]]}}</ref> He was cremated the following day in his native village, [[Kavalam]], in a plot he had set apart twelve years ago for the purpose, on the western side of his traditional family house, ''Olickal tharavad''. The house finds reference in several of his works, especially in his poem 'Kavalam' in the anthology ''Pathumanippookkal''.<ref>[http://www.boloji.com/poetry/articles/012.htm From Kavalam to Kavalam: A Tribute by P. Ravindran Nayar]</ref>

==Legacy==
Ayyapa Foundation was formed in 2006 in Thiruvananthapuram, to promote his work and Malayalam poetry.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/12/stories/2009071250700200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716174818/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/12/stories/2009071250700200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 July 2009|title=A tribute to Ayyappa Paniker |date=12 July 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=7 April 2010}}</ref> The January 2007 issue of journal ''Samyukta'', was dedicated entirely to him, it contained 10 critical essays on him and his work, besides three collections of his verse in English translation, one of which, ''Poetry at Midnight'' published for the first time. It also contained a 36-page bibliography of his [[wikt:oeuvre|oeuvre]].<ref name=le>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/lr/2007/07/01/stories/2007070150150300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109152219/http://www.hindu.com/lr/2007/07/01/stories/2007070150150300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|title= In memory of a master: Dedicated to Ayyappa Paniker, the latest issue of Samyukta..|date=1 July 2007}}</ref> In September 2009, [[Sitakant Mahapatra]] delivered the "Ayyappa Paniker commemorative speech 2009" at Thiruvananthapuram.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://expressbuzz.com/news/ayyappa-paniker-commemoration-today/104873.html|title=Ayyappa Paniker commemoration today|date=20 September 2009|publisher=Ebuzz – Indian Express News Service|access-date=8 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528223506/http://expressbuzz.com/news/ayyappa-paniker-commemoration-today/104873.html|archive-date=28 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Every thing is past tense by Rati Saxena, the first book written by Rati Saxena about Ayyappa paniker. she has translated his 5 books in to HIndi. The popular poetry journal [[Poetry Chain]] was established by [[Gopi Kottoor]] in memory of Ayyappa Paniker.{{Citation needed|date= April 2022}}

==Bibliography==
*''Selected poems of Ayyappa Paniker''. Modern Book Centre, 1985.
*''Indian Renaissance''. Facet Books. 1988. {{ISBN|0-932377-31-9}}.
*''A perspective of Malayalam literature''. Annu Chithra Publications, 1990.
*''Kathakali, the art of the non-worldly'', with D. Appukuttan Nair, Pankaj Shah, Sangeet Natak Akademi. Marg Publications, 1993. {{ISBN|818502622X}}.
*''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pSLoIsW0FF0C Indian Narratology]''. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Sterling Publishers. 2003. {{ISBN|81-207-2502-6}}.
*''Agnipujayum Mattu Pradhaana Kavithakalum'' (Malayalam). Dc Books. {{ISBN|81-264-1623-8}}.
*''Ayyappapanikerude Krithikal Volume 1 (1951–1969)'' (Malayalam). Dc Books. {{ISBN|81-7130-134-7}}.
*''Ayyappapanikerude Krithikal Volume 2 (1969–1981)'' (Malayalam). Dc Books. {{ISBN|81-7130-366-8}}.
*''Ayyappapanikerude Krithikal Volume 3 (1981–1989)'' (Malayalam). Dc Books. {{ISBN|81-7130-595-4}}.
*''Ayyappapanikerude Krithikal Volume 4 (1990–1999)'' (Malayalam). Dc Books. {{ISBN|81-264-0065-X}}.
*''Ayyappapanikerude Kavithakal Volume 5 (2000–2006)'' (Malayalam). Dc Books. (Last poems, written during 2000–2006 compiled by his daughter Kumari M.).
*''Viswasahithyangaliloode-1 '' (Malayalam). Dc Books. {{ISBN|81-264-1315-8}}.
*''Viswasahithyangaliloode-2'' (Malayalam). Dc Books. {{ISBN|81-264-1316-6}}.
*''Poetry at Midnight'' (Tr of Pathumanippookkal) Tr by P Ravindran Nair, FOLIO,2010,{{ISBN|978-81-906028-9-1}}

===Edited anthologies===
*''Malayalam Short Stories: Anthology''. Vikas Publishing. 1982. {{ISBN|0-7069-1297-7}}.
*''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxzdgzB2ttcC Modern Indian Poetry in English]''. Sahitya Akademi. 1989. {{ISBN|81-7201-123-7}}.
*''Indian English literature since independence''. Indian Association for English Studies, 1991. {{ISBN|8185218331}}.
*''Narrating Colonialism'' by D. Maya. Prestige Books. 1997. {{ISBN|81-7551-029-3}}.
*''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC Medieval Indian literature: An Anthology, Volume 1]''. Sahitya Akademi. 1997. {{ISBN|81-260-0365-0}}.
*''Indian English Literature Since Independence''. Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division. 1997. {{ISBN|81-85218-33-1}}.
*''Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology, Selections (Maithili-Punjabi) Volume 3''. Sahitya Akademi, 1999. {{ISBN|81-260-0788-5}}.

==Further reading==
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224204221/https://www.colorado.edu/journals/standards/V7N1/MMM/paniker.html |date=24 February 2017 |title=Ayyappa Paniker, "Passage to America"}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131020001312/http://www.suvarnakeralam.kerala.gov.in/book.pdf ''A Short History of Malayalam Literature'' by Ayyappa Paniker, 2nd revis. ed. 2005]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA231 Modern Malayalam Literature: Introduction by Ayyappa Paniker] Modern Indian literature, an Anthology, Volume 2. Sahitya Akademi. 1992. {{ISBN|8172013248}}. p. 231.
*''Commonwealth literature, themes and techniques: essays in honour of Prof. K. Ayyappa Paniker'', ed. P. K. Ranjan. Ajanta Publications, 1993. {{ISBN|81-202-0383-6}}.
*{{cite book|editor-last= Haven|editor-first=Cynthia L. |title=Czesław Miłosz: conversations|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|year=2006|pages= 24|chapter=A Dialogue with Czesław Miłosz: Ayyappa Paniker, 1982|isbn=1-57806-829-0|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_vnbYNjz-UC&q=Ayyappa+Paniker&pg=PA24}}
*''Poetry at Midnight'' (Tr of Pathumanippookkal), Tr by P Ravindran Nayar, F O L I O, pub 2010, {{ISBN|978-81-906028-9-1}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}



==External links==
*[http://www.ayyappapaniker.net/ K. Ayyappa Paniker, website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001180315/http://ayyappapaniker.net/ |date=1 October 2016}}

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001005445/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/24/stories/2006082416770400.htm Tribute in the Hindu]
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Malayalam}}
{{Saraswati Samman}}
{{Malayalam Literature}}
{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
{{Gangadhar National Award For Poetry}}
{{Vayalar Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paniker, Ayyappa}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Saraswati Samman Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]
[[Category:University of Kerala alumni]]
[[Category:Indiana University Bloomington alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam literary critics]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
[[Category:Literary theorists]]
[[Category:University College Thiruvananthapuram alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Malabar Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]

Rohit Khurana

2026-03-27T00:19:44Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{short description|Indian television actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rohit Khurana
| image = Rohit Khurana.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Khurana in 2011
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|11|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]] India
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[Model (person)|Model]]
| known for = {{ubl|''[[Uttaran]]''|''[[Shani (TV series)|Karmaphal Daata Shani]]''}}
| spouse = Neha Khurana<ref name=RKM>
[https://web.archive.org/web/20131109161303/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-21/news-and-gossip/35227729_1_personal-life-rohit-khurana-vansh Yes, I am married and have a son: Rohit Khurana]</ref>
| children = 2
| years active = 2001; 2008–2019
}}

'''Rohit Khurana''' is an Indian television actor known for his work as Vansh Singh Bundela/Rocky in ''[[Uttaran]]'' and [[Shani]] in ''[[Karmaphal Daata Shani]]''.<ref name=RKM/>

== Personal life ==
Khurana is married to his school friend Neha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Yes-I-am-married-and-have-a-son-Rohit-Khurana/articleshow/17294121.cms|title=Yes, I am married and have a son: Rohit Khurana - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=21 November 2012 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> They had a son and daughter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/congratulations-tv-actor-rohit-khurana-to-become-a-proud-father-soon--304199|title=CONGRATULATIONS: TV actor Rohit Khurana to become a proud father soon!|date=2016-03-10|website=www.abplive.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

==Career==

===Modelling, acting debut and breakthrough (2001–13)===

Khurana started his career as a model in [[Delhi]].<ref name=RKM/> In TV, he had a small role in the serial ''Choti Maa: Ek Anokha Bandhan'' in 2001.<ref name=ITVN>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-ve-struggled-a-lot-rohit-khurana-7818.html|title=I've struggled a lot: Rohit Khurana - India TV News|publisher=indiatvnews.com}}</ref> In 2008, he obtained a lead role as Abhiram in the [[Telugu film]] ''[[Sangamam (2008 film)|Sangamam]]''. However, it failed to perform well commercially because of a lack of commercial elements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sindhura-gadde-set-to-enter-films/articleshow/5139269.cms|title=Sindhura Gadde set to enter films|work=The Times of India|date=20 October 2009|access-date=19 February 2025}}</ref>

His first major breakthrough and official debut in TV occurred with the dual role of Vansh Singh Bundela / Rocky in the [[Indian soap opera]] ''[[Uttaran]]'' on [[Colors TV]] in 2009, opposite [[Tina Datta]].<ref name="UTRN">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/archive-news/|title=Hindustan Times - Archive News|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> The show garnered him fame.<ref name="Awards">{{cite web|url=http://newtalentawards.tellychakkar.com/y2k12/previous_winners_2010.php|title=Awards}}</ref>

In 2010, Khurana featured in [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]]'s ''[[Miley Jab Hum Tum]]''.<ref name="Rohit Khurana plays it smart">{{Cite web|url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/rohit-khurana-plays-it-smart-1330207.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304231752/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/rohit-khurana-plays-it-smart-1330207.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2018|title=Rohit Khurana plays it smart|date=2010-09-04|website=dailybhaskar|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He was next featured in ''[[Maayke Se Bandhi Dor]]'' on [[Star Plus]] in 2011.<ref name="MSBD">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/maayke-se-bandhi-dor/764341|title=Maayke Se Bandhi Dor - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> That year he made his [[Bollywood]] debut with the Hindi movie ''[[Men Will Be Men]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/movies/men-will-be-men/cast-crew.html |title=Men Will Be Men - Cast, Actor, Actress, Director - Oneindia |access-date=14 February 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222032541/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/movies/men-will-be-men/cast-crew.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It failed to perform well commercially.<ref name="Glamsham">{{Cite web|url=https://www.glamsham.com/en/movie-review-men-will-be-men|title=Men Will Be Men Movie Review, Rating, Cast and Crew, Release Date|last=Glamsham|website=Glamsham|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

In 2012, Khurana was cast in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Billa II]]''.<ref name="BILLA">{{Cite web|title=Billa 2 Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Billa 2 by Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/billa-2/movie-review/14864866.cms|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He forayed into [[Punjabi cinema]] with [[Romantic comedy|rom-com]] ''Dil Tainu Karda Ae Pyar''.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20121017/ttlife1.htm Punjabi film Dil Tainu Karda Ae Pyar]</ref> In 2013, his second [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] film, ''[[Singh vs Kaur]]'', was released.<ref name="SVSK">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-can-still-pass-off-as-a-college-kid-says-rohit-khurana-1818295|title='I can still pass off as a college kid,' says Rohit Khurana|date=2013-04-03|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

Returning to [[Television in India|Hindi television]], Khurana performed the lead role in [[Sony Entertainment Television]]'s 2013 love story ''[[Dil Ki Nazar Se Khoobsurat]]'', opposite [[Soumya Seth]].<ref name="Desk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/rohit-khurana-plays-ugly-man-on-screen-says-it-s-a-risk-7600.html|title=Rohit Khurana plays ugly man on screen, says it's a risk|date=2013-05-06|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He was praised for his performance as Madhav Periwal, an ugly man.<ref name="zeenews.india.com">{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/tv-show-khoobsurat-not-the-same-as-saajan-rohit-khurana_131054.html|title=TV show 'Khoobsurat' not the same as 'Saajan': Rohit Khurana|date=2013-03-30|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He left the series after his character's death.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/Rohit-Khurana-to-die-in-Sony-TVs-Khoobsurat/videoshow/20570000.cms|title=Rohit Khurana to die in Sony TV's 'Khoobsurat' {{!}} TV - Times of India Videos|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

===Further works and success (2013–present)===

Towards the end of 2013, Khurana joined [[Colors TV]]'s popular daily soap ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rohit-Khurana-to-enter-Sasural-Simar-Ka/articleshow/22552951.cms|title=Rohit Khurana to enter Sasural Simar Ka? - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=13 September 2013 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He was cast as Shaurya Singhania, an antagonist opposite [[Falaq Naaz]].<ref>[http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k13/feb/feb218.php Sony to premiere "Dil Ki Nazar Se... Khoobsurat" | Indian Television]</ref> He left the soap after three months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/tv-show-khoobsurat-not-the-same-as-saajan-rohit-khurana-7136.html|title=TV show 'Khoobsurat' not the same as 'Saajan': Rohit Khurana|date=2013-03-31|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> Afterwards, he took a short break from acting.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TV-actor-Rohit-Khurana-attempts-to-break-his-negative-image/articleshow/43436105.cms|title=TV actor Rohit Khurana attempts to break his negative image - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=25 September 2014 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

Khurana ended his break in 2015, and came back to TV playing Jamaal Peshawari in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Lajwanti (TV series)|Lajwanti]]''.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/tv-actor-rohit-khurana-plans-makeover-with-bollywood-debut/|title=TV actor Rohit Khurana plans makeover with Bollywood debut|date=2014-09-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> That year he had an extended cameo appearance in [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Suhani Si Ek Ladki]]'' as Rohan, a lawyer.<ref name="Awards"/> From 2015 to 2016, he portrayed the part of Viraat in [[Big Magic]]'s ''Chatur Aur Chalak, Birbal aur Viraat''.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/Rohit-in-season-two-of-Birbal-aur-Viraat/articleshow/53285316.cms|title=Rohit in season two of 'Birbal aur Viraat' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=20 July 2016 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He was chosen for the character of a garbage man in the Hindi short film ''Girl in Red''.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TV-actors-and-movie-actors-are-equally-famous-now-Rohit-Khurana/articleshow/46541508.cms|title=TV actors and movie actors are equally famous now: Rohit Khurana - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=10 April 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

The role of Dr. Manav Garewal in [[Colors TV]]'s reincarnation-based romance ''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]'' marked Khurana's first television venture of 2017.<ref name="timesnownews.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/article/rohit-khurana-to-enter-kasam-tere-pyaar-ki/149851|title=Rohit Khurana to enter 'Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki'|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=29 December 2016 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He then appeared in the film ''Hotel Beautifool''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rohit-Khurana-gets-abused/articleshow/8391908.cms|title=Rohit Khurana gets abused! - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=18 May 2011 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He received immense praise for his portrayal of adult [[Shani]] in [[Colors TV]]'s mythological series ''[[Shani (TV series)|Karmaphal Daata Shani]]'', a role he received in the last quarter of 2017.<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/rohit-khurana-on-playing-the-title-role-in-shani/videoshow/63364050.cms|title=Rohit Khurana on playing the title role in 'Shani' {{!}} TV - Times of India Videos|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> He played the same role as a guest in another [[Colors TV]] mythological show, ''[[Mahakali — Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]''.<ref name="Looks that matter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/looks-that-matter/story-uqV5k7LxPndeiwDDhtCheK.html|title=Looks that matter|date=2010-09-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/you-learn-new-things-with-each-passing-year-rohit-khurana/articleshow/61838065.cms|title=You learn new things with each passing year: Rohit Khurana - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=28 November 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

In 2019, Khurana was cast in [[Colors TV]]'s supernatural series ''[[Tantra (TV series)|Tantra]]'' as Daksh Mehra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-khurana-to-join-tantra/articleshow/68034219.cms|title=Rohit Khurana to join 'Tantra' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=18 February 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>

In 2020, he played as Shani Dev in Devi Adi Parashakti.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

==Filmography==

'''Television'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Role
! Channel
! Notes
|-
| 2009–2012
|''[[Uttaran]]''
| Vansh Singh / Rocky Shah
|[[Colors TV]]
|
|-
| 2010
|''[[Miley Jab Hum Tum]]''
| Dhruv / Chintu
|[[STAR One|Star One]]
|<ref name="Rohit Khurana plays it smart"/><ref name="Looks that matter"/>
|-
| 2011
|''[[Maayke Se Bandhi Dor]]''
| Bhaskar
|[[Star Plus]]
|<ref name="MSBD"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
|''[[Dil Ki Nazar Se Khoobsurat]]''
| Madhav Periwal / Ehsaas
|[[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony TV]]
|<ref name="Desk"/><ref name="zeenews.india.com"/><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
|-
|''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''
| Shaurya Singhania
| Colors TV
|
|-
| 2015
|''[[Lajwanti (TV series)|Lajwanti]]''
| Jamaal Peshawari
|[[Zee TV]]
|
|-
| 2015
|''[[Suhani Si Ek Ladki]]''
| Rohan
| Star Plus
|
|-
| 2015–2016
|''[[Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal#Chatur aur Chalak - Birbal aur Virat|Chatur aur Chalak, Birbal aur Viraat]] (Season 1& 2)''
| Viraat
|[[Big Magic]]
|<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|-
|2017
|''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]''
|Dr. Manav Garewal
| rowspan="4" |Colors TV
|<ref name="timesnownews.com"/>
|-
| 2017–2018
|''[[Karmaphal Daata Shani]]''
|[[Shani]]
|<ref name="ReferenceD"/>
|-
| 2017
|''[[Mahakali — Anth Hi Aarambh Hai]]''
|[[Shani]]
|
|-
| 2019
|''[[Tantra (TV Series)|Tantra]]''
| Daksh Mehra
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2020
|''[[Devi Adi Parashakti]]''
|[[Shani]]
|[[Dangal (TV channel)|DangalTV]]
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Ganesh Kartikey]]''
|[[Gajasura]]
|[[Sony SAB]]
|
|}

'''Films'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year(s)
!Film
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
|2008
|''[[Sangamam (2008 film)|Sangamam]]''
|Abhiram
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/community/etc/news280.html|title=Rasool film titled as Sangamam|date=14 November 2007|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=19 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|''[[Unnaipol Oruvan (2009 film)|Unnaipol Oruvan]]''
| rowspan="2" |Giri
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
|''Eenadu''
|Telugu
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Men Will Be Men]]''
|Sunder
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|<ref name="Glamsham"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|''[[Billa II]]''
|Satish Kumar
|Tamil
|<ref name="BILLA"/>
|-
|''Dil Tainu Karda Ae Pyar''
|Cop
| rowspan="2" |[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/Dil-Tainu-Karda-Ae-Pyar-is-a-romantic-comedy/articleshow/15290451.cms|title=Dil Tainu Karda Ae Pyar is a romantic comedy - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''[[Singh vs Kaur]]''
|Roop
|<ref name="SVSK" />
|-
|2016
|''Girl in Red''
|Kachre Wala
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|2017
|''Hotel Beautifool''
|
|<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="indianexpress.com"/>
|}

== Awards ==
* 2010 - New Talent Award for Best Supporting Actor — [[Uttaran]].<ref name="Awards"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khurana, Rohit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1983 births]]

Shemaroo Entertainment

2026-03-25T01:24:37Z

All Singers Music Production: quick correct lead and corrected details for accuracy

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}

{{Short description|Indian media company}}

{{Advert|date=July 2024}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Shemaroo Entertainment Ltd.
| logo = Shemaroo Entertainment Logo.png
| foundation = {{launch date and age|df=y|1962|10|29}}
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|538685}} {{NSE|SHEMAROO}}
| founder = Budhichand Maroo
| location_city = [[Mumbai]]
| location_country = India
| industry = Entertainment
| products = Movies, music, home video, merchandise
| services = Content creation, aggregation, and distribution Video-on-demand (ShemarooMe)
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| homepage = {{URL|https://shemarooent.com/}}
}}

'''Shemaroo Entertainment Ltd.''' is an Indian content creator, aggregator and distributor, specifically in the media and entertainment industry. It was founded by Buddhichand Maroo in 1962 as a book-circulating library under the name Shemaroo. It set up India's first [[Video rental shop|video rental]] business in 1979.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/film-production-distribution-house-gets-a-revamp-after-five-decades/articleshow/64955624.cms|title=Film production & distribution house gets a revamp after six decades|website=The Times of India|date=12 July 2018 |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bedatrichoudhury/2019/04/17/shemaroo-streams-bollywood-into-the-us/|title=Shemaroo Streams Bollywood into The US|last=Choudhury|first=Bedatri|website=Forbes|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> The company went national after it began [[Digital distribution|content distribution]] in 1987, became aggregators and bought rights to movies for [[home video]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/music-and-youth/shemaroo-entertainment-s-founder-buddhichand-maroo-felicitated-with-gifa-golden-award-181219|title=Shemaroo Entertainment's Founder Buddhichand Maroo Felicitated with GIFA Golden Award|date=19 December 2018|website=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

Currently, the brand has a collection of over 3700 movie titles in multiple Indian languages and offers services to customers in over 30 countries including the [[United States|US]], the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[Singapore]], [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] and [[Australia]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-media-entertainment/shemaroo-entertainment-the-content-connoisseurs-117012000290_1.html|title=Shemaroo Entertainment: The Content Connoisseurs|last=indiainfoline.com|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

==History==

=== Early years ===
Shemaroo Entertainment is an acronym for the founders’ surnames. The library was located at Warden Road in [[South Mumbai]]. Three branches were opened soon after.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/how-family-run-enterprise-shemaroo-grew-from-local-to-a-national-brand/articleshow/9669109.cms|title=How family-run enterprise Shemaroo grew from local to a national brand|last=Raghavendra|first=Nandini|date=24 August 2011|work=The Economic Times|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

In 1987, the company forayed into content distribution via the VHS format, which was labeled Shemaroo Video Private Ltd. They also bought rights to several movies for home video and were one of the first brands involved in the distribution of video rights in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/shemaroo-entertainment-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-57482.cms|title=Shemaroo Entertainment History {{!}} Shemaroo Entertainment Information |website=The Economic Times|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

Shemaroo started buying cable and pay television rights in the 1990s. In 1995, the company bought an equity stake in [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony's Indian TV channel]] while negotiating a deal to buy films of Sony's Columbia Tristar.<ref name=":3" />

=== 2000s to present ===
Shemaroo ventured into film production with movies like ''[[Kuchh Meetha Ho Jaye|Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye]]'', ''[[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]], [[Ishqiya]], [[Dedh Ishqiya]]'' and ''[[Hunterrr]]''. These were followed by several others in the subsequent years.<ref name=":0" />

The company forayed into digital animated films with ''[[Bal Ganesh]]'' and ''[[Ghatothkach]]'' as their initial features and became the only company to release a feature every year thereafter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/big-budget-animation-from-bollywood-in-08/articleshow/2560324.cms |title=Big budget animation from Bollywood in '08|last=Sapre|first=Omkar|date=22 November 2007|work=The Economic Times|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

In 2012, Shemaroo completed 50 years of operations. In 2018, the company unveiled a new logo and tagline ‘''India Khush Hua’''.<ref name=":0" />

In January 2020, Shemaroo Group launched its first TV channel named Shemaroo Marathibana. It is a 24-hour FTA Marathi movie channel with the tagline 'Assal Filmi' (translated as 'Made for Entertainment'). Swapnil Joshi is its Brand Ambassador. It airs Marathi movies like ''Aapla Manus'', ''Thackeray'', ''Bhai Vyakti Ki Valli'', ''Judgement'', ''Cycle'', ''Ani Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar'', etc.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/shemaroo-launches-marathi-movie-channel-marathibana-2 |title=Shemaroo launches Marathi movie channel, 'MarathiBana'|date=15 Jan 2020|work=aFAQS!|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

In 2020, Shemaroo Group also announced the launch of a new Hindi GEC Shemaroo TV.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/shemaroo-launches-hindi-entertainment-channel-shemaroo-tv/75450209 |title=Shemaroo launches Hindi entertainment channel -Shemaroo TV|date=April 30, 2020|work=ETBrandEquity |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

In May 2020, a video surfaced where the comedian Surleen Kaur made a remark about [[Krishna]], a [[Hindu deities|Hindu deity]], which right-leaning media houses and political parties objected to. Following the controversy, Shemaroo announced their decision to refrain from any further involvement with Surleen Kaur and Balraj Syal because they 'failed to meet their standards of public decency'. Subsequently, [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|ISKCON]] lodged a complaint against Kaur and Shemaroo with the [[Mumbai Police]] for insulting the organisation and [[Hindus]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedian Surleen Kaur in soup over derogatory quips against ISKON, Hinduism |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/comedian-surleen-kaur-in-soup-over-derogatory-quips-against-iskon-hinduism-91613 |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=TribuneIndia |language=en}}</ref>

In 2019, the company ventured into the pre-loaded audio speaker market and introduced Bluetooth speakers loaded with devotional content. The pricing for all three existing products in store (online & offline) – Bhagavad Gita, Bhajan Vaani and Quran Majeed And is available in the market currently with leading offline and online retailers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/technology/news-shemaroo-entertainment-launches-pre-loaded-audio-speakers-in-the-indian-market-541195 |title=Shemaroo Entertainment launches pre-loaded audio speakers in the Indian market|date=August 8, 2019|work=India TV News|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

In 2019, Shemaroo launched 'Shemaroo Bhakti Shri Ganesha Bhajan Vaani' during Ganesh Chaturthi, and 'Shemaroo Amritbani' on the 550th birth anniversary of Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://everythingexperiential.businessworld.in/article/Shemaroo-Entertainment-enters-pre-loaded-audio-speaker-market/08-08-2019-174566/ |title=Shemaroo Entertainment enters pre-loaded audio speaker market|date=August 8, 2019|work=Business World|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

== Business operations ==
Shemaroo's content library includes over 3,700 film and non-film titles.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chittorgarh.com/ipo_review/shemaroo_ipo/2183/|title=Shemaroo Entertainment Ltd IPO Review |website=chittorgarh.com|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/shemaroo-entertainment-releases-padmaavat-on-blu-ray-and-dvd-for-cinema-lovers/|title=Shemaroo Entertainment Releases Padmaavat On Blu-ray and DVD for Cinema Lovers|date=12 July 2018|website=TelevisionPost|access-date=24 April 2019|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013211559/https://www.televisionpost.com/shemaroo-entertainment-releases-padmaavat-on-blu-ray-and-dvd-for-cinema-lovers/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

They also provide religious content with devotional videos, live streaming of shrines, temples, and more in categories such as Bhakti, Ibaadat and Gurbani via their apps Ibaadat and Hari Om.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/movies/hindi/shemaroo-gears-up-for-digital-era-adds-devotional-app-ibaadat-180525|title=Shemaroo gears up for digital era; adds devotional app Ibaadat|date=25 May 2018|website=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.webdunia.com/hinduism-fables/shemaroo-launches-hariom-an-all-inclusive-hindu-devotional-app-118022200004_1.html|title=Shemaroo Launches "HariOm" An All Inclusive Hindu devotional app|website=Webdunia |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/shemaroo-targeting-five-times-growth-in-five-years-2744421.html|title=Shemaroo targeting five times growth in five years|website=Moneycontrol|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

Their distribution network includes an in-house television syndication team, a new media technology team for mobile value-added services (MVAS), the Internet, DTH and a nationwide home entertainment distribution network. The company has partnered with [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], [[Vodafone India|Vodafone]], [[Vodafone Idea Limited|Idea]], [[MTN Group|MTN]], [[Ooredoo]] and [[Etisalat]] to distribute content like videos, music and live streaming via MVAS.<ref name=":4" /> They also have an online presence on YouTube, where their channels receive an estimated 2.2 billion monthly views on average.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/u7DPwtxvwoVpeHhLJ9OrDO/Shemaroo-scripts-digital-makeover-with-streaming-tieups.html|title=Shemaroo scripts digital makeover with streaming tie-ups|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=26 December 2018|website=Mint|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

Their partners include major DTH platforms such as [[Airtel digital TV]], [[Tata Sky]] and [[Dish TV]], and TV Networks such as [[Sony Pictures Networks|Sony Network]], [[Star India|Star TV]] and [[Viacom18|Colors Network]].<ref name=":4" /> The company's subsidiary ''Contentino Media'' provides in-flight entertainment for airlines like [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]], [[Singapore Airlines]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Air India]], [[Vistara]], [[Lufthansa]] and [[Virgin Atlantic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shemarooent.com/inflight/|title=Inflight |publisher=Shemaroo Entertainment Limited |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

The company's brand ''Yedaz'' is its official Bollywood licensing and merchandising rights holder that sells Bollywood-themed products like T-shirts and mugs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/business-of-brands/shemaroos-licensing-and-merchandising-brand-yedaz-to-make-its-presence-felt-at-india-licensing-expo-2018/65497998|title=Shemaroo's licensing and merchandising brand 'Yedaz', to make its presence felt at India Licensing Expo 2018 – ET BrandEquity |website=ETBrandEquity.com|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/shemaroo-partners-tiktok-vigo-video-to-promote-bollywood-merchandise-brand-yedaz/|title=Shemaroo partners TikTok, Vigo Video to promote Bollywood merchandise brand Yedaz|date=16 August 2018|website=TelevisionPost|access-date=24 April 2019}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> They've also established the Shemaroo Institute of Film and Technology (SIFT).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/115034915-shemaroo-institute-film-and-technology-sift-becomes-first-certified-nuke-authorize|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407014712/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/115034915-shemaroo-institute-film-and-technology-sift-becomes-first-certified-nuke-authorize|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2022|title=Shemaroo Institute of Film and Technology (SIFT) Becomes First Certified Nuke Authorized Training Institute by The Foundry|website=WBRi Washington Bangla Radio USA|language=en-wbri|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

== ShemarooMe ==
[[File:ShemarooMe Launch.jpg|thumb|Bollywood actor Tiger Shroff was present at the launch event of the ShemarooMe app in Mumbai.]]
In February 2019, Shemaroo Entertainment launched its own [[Video on demand|video-on-demand]] service app called ''ShemarooMe,'' which is available for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/shemaroo-launches-video-streaming-app-shemaroome-for-android-ios-and-web-1993166|title=Shemaroo Launches Video Streaming App ShemarooMe for Android, iOS, and Web|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=13 February 2019 |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> It is also available on the web for viewers. The Bollywood actor [[Tiger Shroff]] was present at the launch event of this app in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/hi-in/news/india/tiger-shroff-launches-shemaroo-me-app-filmibeat/vp-BBTyA6N|title=Tiger Shroff Launches Shemaroo Me App {{!}} Filmibeat|publisher=MSN|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

The OTT [[Streaming media|video streaming]] service primarily provides content from the company's content library including movies, TV shows, songs, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/shemaroo-launches-ott-platform-shemaroome-94672.html|title=Shemaroo launches OTT platform, ShemarooMe |website=Exchange4media|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/shemaroo-launches-ott-app-with-two-subscription-plans-looks-to-enter-us-market-in-coming-quarter/|title=Shemaroo launches OTT app with two subscription plans, looks to enter US market in coming quarter|date=14 February 2019|website=TelevisionPost|access-date=24 April 2019|archive-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215151045/https://www.televisionpost.com/shemaroo-launches-ott-app-with-two-subscription-plans-looks-to-enter-us-market-in-coming-quarter/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The content is available in languages like Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, South Indian Languages, Dub Versions of many languages and Punjabi.<ref name=":5" />

The service follows a [[freemium]] business model. Some of the content is available for users to stream for free, and the rest requires a subscription to be accessed.<ref name=":5" /> It was launched in the USA in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/leading-indian-entertainment-company-shemaroo-enters-the-us-market-with-the-launch-of-its-direct-to-consumer-ott-platform-shemaroome-300833625.html|title=Leading Indian Entertainment Company Shemaroo Enters the US Market with the Launch of its Direct-To-Consumer OTT Platform "ShemarooMe"|last=Limited|first=Shemaroo Entertainment|agency=PR Newswire|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

In July 2020, ShemarooMe announced the launch of its new on-demand movie platform called 'ShemarooMe Box Office.' ShemarooMe has also inked a strategic partnership with BookMyShow, India's leading entertainment destination, to ensure more cine-goers have access to the content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/business-of-brands/shemaroome-launches-box-office/76983276|title=ShemarooMe launches 'Box Office'|website= Brand Equity.com| date=July 15, 2020|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/shemaroome-takes-a-cue-from-amazon-prime-disneyhotstar-to-premiere-4-hindi-movies/2025337/|title=ShemarooMe takes a cue from Amazon Prime, Disney+Hotstar – to premiere 4 Hindi movies|website= Financial Express| date=July 16, 2020|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref>

== TV channels ==
{|class="wikitable"
!Channel
!Launched
!Language
!Category
|-
|[[#Shemaroo Marathibana|Shemaroo Marathibana]]
|rowspan="2"|2020
|Marathi
|Movies
|-
|[[#Shemaroo TV|Shemaroo TV]]
|rowspan="3"|Hindi
|rowspan="2"|GEC
|-
|[[#Shemaroo Umang|Shemaroo Umang]]
|2022
|-
|[[#Shemaroo Josh|Shemaroo Josh]]
|2023
|Movies
|}

=== Shemaroo Marathibana ===
'''Shemaroo Marathibana'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Shemaroo launches Marathi movie channel, 'MarathiBana'|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/shemaroo-launches-marathi-movie-channel-marathibana-2|work=afaqs|date=14 January 2020 |accessdate=15 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Two power-packed years of Shemaroo MarathiBana|url=https://www.adgully.com/two-power-packed-years-of-shemaroo-marathibana-113074.html?amp=1|work=adgully|accessdate=13 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite web|title=TMKOC's Marathi version 'Gokuldhamchi Duniyadari' to air on Shemaroo MarathiBana|url=https://mediabrief.com/gokuldhamchi-duniyadari-to-air-on-marathibana/|work=Mediabrief|date=30 July 2022 |accessdate=30 July 2022}}</ref> is a Marathi language Entertainment channel owned by Shemaroo Entertainment Media Network. It was launched on 14 January 2020. '''<big>Current broadcasts</big>'''

*''[[Raazz Mahal|Haa Mahal Kasala]]''
*''[[Kismat Ki Lakiro Se|Bhagyaresha]]''

===Shemaroo Umang===
'''Shemaroo Umang'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Shemaroo launches a new Hindi GEC 'Shemaroo Umang'|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/shemaroo-launches-a-new-hindi-gec-shemaroo-umang|work=Afaqs|date=14 April 2022 |accessdate=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Shemaroo launches free-to-air Hindi general entertainment channel|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/shemaroo-launches-free-to-air-hindi-general-entertainment-channel/articleshow/90842529.cms|work=m.economictimes|date=14 April 2022 |access-date=14 April 2022 |last1=Laghate |first1=Gaurav }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shemaroo launches new Hindi GEC 'Shemaroo Umang'|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/lite/2022/04/shemaroo-launches-new-hindi-gec-shemaroo-umang/|work=Bestmediainfo|accessdate=13 April 2022|archive-date=18 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418231330/https://bestmediainfo.com/lite/2022/04/shemaroo-launches-new-hindi-gec-shemaroo-umang/|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a Hindi language General Entertainment [[free-to-air]] channel that is owned by Shemaroo Entertainment Media Network. This channel was launched on 5 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shemaroo launches a new Free-To-Air Hindi GEC 'Shemaroo Umang'|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/shemaroo-launches-a-new-free-to-air-hindi-gec-shemaroo-umang/|work=Medianews4you|date=13 April 2022 |accessdate=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shemaroo Entertainment launches Hindi GEC 'Shemaroo Umang'|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/media-tv-news/shemaroo-entertainment-launches-hindi-gec-shemaroo-umang-119661.html|work=Exchange4media |accessdate=13 April 2022}}</ref>

===Former broadcasts===
'''Original series'''
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022–2023
| ''[[Raazz Mahal|Raazz Mahal – Dakini Ka Rahasya]]''
|-
| ''[[Kyunkii Tum Hi Ho]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ankit Bathla, Shubhanshi Raghuvanshi Starrer 'Kundali Milan' New TV Show To Premiere On May 29 |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/ankit-bathla-shubhanshi-raghuvanshi-starrer-kundali-milan-new-tv-show-to-premiere-on-may-29-1605219 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=ABP Live |date=28 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2023
| ''[[Kundali Milan]]''
|-
| ''[[Gauna – Ek Pratha]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hunar-gandhi-returns-to-tv-with-a-negative-lead-in-yash-patnaiks-gauna-ek-prathmesh/articleshow/100051651.cms |title=Hunar Gandhi returns to TV with a negative lead in Yash Patn..|newspaper=The Times of India |date=7 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/parvati-sehgal-will-star-in-gauna-ek-prathamesh-507131|title=Parvati Sehgal will star in Gauna Ek Prathamesh|access-date=2023-05-12}}</ref>
|-
| 2023–2024
| ''[[Shravani (TV series) | Shravani]]''
|-
| 2022–2024
| ''[[Kismat Ki Lakiro Se]]''
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|''[[Chahenge Tumhe Itna]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Bharat Ahlawat On Bagging The Lead Role In 'Chahenge Tumhe Itna': This Was A Perfect Fit For Me |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/bharat-ahlawat-on-bagging-the-lead-role-in-chahenge-tumhe-itna-this-was-a-perfect-fit-for-me |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=Outlook India |date=19 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shamshaan Champa]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Monalisa Features As A Powerful Witch In Supernatural Show Shamshaan Champa, Watch Promo|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/monalisa-features-as-a-powerful-witch-in-supernatural-show-shamshaan-champa-watch-promo-8972566.html|work=News18|date=20 July 2024 |accessdate=20 July 2024}}</ref>
|}

===Shemaroo TV===

'''Shemaroo TV''' is an Indian Hindi-GEC free-to-air television channel owned by Shemaroo Entertainment Media Network.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shemaroo TV Launched and Available in DD Freedish Channel Number 28 But Shemaroo Tv Rebrand in 1 October 2022 a New Channel name Shemaroo Plus|url=https://www.freedish.in/2020/04/shemaroo-tv.html |access-date=21 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shemaroo Entertainment announces the launch of Hindi Entertainment FTA channel, Shemaroo TV |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/advertising/media/news/shemaroo-entertainment-announces-the-launch-of-hindi-entertainment-fta-channel-shemaroo-tv/articleshow/75447585.cms |access-date=21 May 2020 |work=Business Insider}}</ref> The channel was launched on 1 May 2020 for the entertainment of Indian audience.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shemaroo launches Hindi entertainment channel -Shemaroo TV - ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/shemaroo-launches-hindi-entertainment-channel-shemaroo-tv/75450209 |access-date=21 May 2020 |work=ETBrandEquity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=shemaroo launches new channel |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/shemaroo-launches-new-channel-80187 |access-date=21 January 2024 |website=tribune india}}</ref>

===Former shows===
'''Original shows'''
*''[[Karmadhikari Shanidev]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=vineet choudhary putting effort to get-language dialogue delivery right for shanidev |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/vineet-choudhary-putting-effort-to-get-language-dialogue-delivery-right-for-shanidev--news-335878/amp |access-date=21 January 2024 |website=outlook india|date=11 December 2023 }}</ref>
*''[[Tulsidham Ke Laddu Gopal]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-16 |title=Het Makwana to star in 'Tulsi Dham ke Laddoo Gopal' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/het-makwana-to-star-in-tulsi-dham-ke-laddoo-gopal/articleshow/102776521.cms |access-date=2024-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*''[[Wah Bhai Wah (TV series)|Waah Bhai Waah]]''

===Shemaroo Josh===
'''Shemaroo Josh''' (previously known as Chumbak TV)<ref>{{cite web|title=Shemaroo launches Hindi entertainment channel Chumbak TV|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/shemaroo-launches-hindi-entertainment-channel-chumbak-tv-127292.html|work=Exchange4media|accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shemaroo launches Hindi entertainment channel 'Chumbak TV'|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/shemaroo-launches-hindi-entertainment-channel-chumbak-tv/|work=Medianews4u|date=12 May 2023 |accessdate=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shemaroo Entertainment launches Hindi entertainment channel 'Chumbak TV'|url=https://mediabrief.com/shemaroo-entertainment-launches-chumbak-tv/|work=Mediabrief|date=11 May 2023 |accessdate=11 May 2023}}</ref> is an Indian Hindi-language free-to-air youth centric movie channel which was owned by Shemaroo Entertainment Media Network.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shemaroo Entertainment launches 'Chumbak TV', IBW News: English News, Breaking News in English, ताज़ा हिंदी समाचार |url=https://www.indianbroadcastingworld.com/shemaroo-entertainment-chumbak-tv/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Indian Broadcasting World |language=en-US}}</ref> The channel was launched on 6 May 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=शेमारू एंटरटेनमेंट ने लॉन्च किया नया चैनल 'चुबंक टीवी', इस तरह का होगा कंटेंट|url=https://www.samachar4media.com/tv-media-news/shemaroo-entertainment-has-launched-a-new-hindi-entertainment-channel-chumbak-tv-59999.html/amp|work=samachar4media|accessdate=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=शेमारू एंटरटेनमेंट ने लॉन्च किया नया चैनल 'चुबंक टीवी', इस तरह का होगा कंटेंट |url=https://www.samachar4media.com/tv-media-news/shemaroo-entertainment-has-launched-a-new-hindi-entertainment-channel-chumbak-tv-59999.html |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Media News, Advertising News, Media Industry Updates – Samachar4media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shemaroo launches Chumbak TV, targeting youth audience with a mix of live-action and animated content - |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/shemaroo-launches-chumbak-tv-targeting-youth-audience-with-a-mix-of-live-action-and-animated-content/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=www.animationxpress.com|date=11 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-12 |title=Shemaroo launches Hindi entertainment channel Chumbak TV |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/shemaroo-launches-hindi-entertainment-channel-chumbak-tv/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=www.bizasialive.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://shemarooent.com/}}
*[https://www.shemaroome.com/ ShemarooMe]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Film distributors of India]]
[[Category:Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Home video distributors]]
[[Category:Film production companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 1962]]
[[Category:Hindi-language YouTube channels]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Harischandra (1935 film)

2026-03-20T19:35:48Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{short description|1935 film by T. A. Raman}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Harischandra
| image = Harischandra (1935 film).jpg
| director = T. A. Raman
| writer = [[Balijepalli Lakshmikantham]] {{small|(Story & dialogues)}}
| producer = S. A. Sami Pillay
| starring = Addanki Srirama Murthy [[Kannamba]] Bhima Rao Pulipati Venkateswarlu Elesvarapu Kutumba Sastri
| cinematography = Jinaraja Bodhye
| studio = Star Combines
| released = {{Film date|1935}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Harischandra''''' is a 1935 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Hindu mythological film|mythological]] film directed by T. A. Raman and produced by Star Combines.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Harishchandra (1935) |url=https://indiancine.ma/BRI/info |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> Featuring Addanki Srirama Murthy, [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]], and Master Bhima Rao in the lead roles, the film marks the Telugu cinema debut of Kannamba and Murthy. The film was successful and received acclaim for its storytelling.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |date=28 January 2007 |title=1931-2006: తెలుగు సినిమారంగం మేలిమలుపులు |trans-title=1931-2006: Important milestones of Telugu film industry |url=http://telugucinemacharitra.blogspot.com/2010/07/1931-2006.html |journal=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |page=5 |archive-date=21 October 2024 |access-date=11 August 2025 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241021171056/http://telugucinemacharitra.blogspot.com/2010/07/1931-2006.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Addanki Srirama Murthy as [[Harishchandra]]
* [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]] as Chandramati<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOtkAAAAMAAJ&q=Harishchandra+1935 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |date=1994 |publisher=British Film Institute |isbn=978-0-85170-455-5 |page=112 |language=en}}</ref>
* Master Bhima Rao
* Pulipati Venkateswarlu as Nakshatraka
* Elesvarapu Kutumba Sastri as Kaushika
* Bandar Naidu
* Akula Narasimha Rao

== Crew ==
Source: <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Harischandra (1935) |url=https://www.cinemaazi.com/public/film/harischandra-1 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=Cinemaazi}}</ref>
* Art Direction: Ganapatrao Wadangekar
* Assistant Director: [[P. Pullayya]]

== Production ==
The promotional material for the film highlights its extensive production, stating it required a budget of {{Indian rupee}}1 [[lakh]] and took six months to complete.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1935 Harischandra Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/ADK/10 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Indiancine.ma |page=10}}</ref> The release date is variably reported as either 16 October or 9 November 1935.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

== Music ==
A notable song from the film, "Dandalandi Babu," is performed in a scene where Harischandra is sold into servitude. The film includes multiple verses recited by the main characters, contributing to the devotional and narrative depth of the storyline.

1. "Akata Akaliki Neno Mata"

2. "Aparadhumu Saiyave Aryamani" - sung by Addanki Srirama Murthy

3. "Ataku Bodhama Sakhulara Watamu Ga Jeri"

4. "Kanugonajalan Priyasuthuni Kanne" - sung by Pasupuleti Kannamba

5. "Karunakara Karunimpava Kanchanamba" - sung by Pasupuleti Kannamba

6. "Karunaguna Adhara Santata Srita Dina Lavanya"

7. "Jaya Jaya Kosala Desa Prabhu" - ensemble

8. "Dandalandi Babu Dandalandi"

9. "Na Priya Manoramana Nanu Nepudi Itivale" - sung by Pasupuleti Kannamba

10. "Mata Naduvalena Ha Padamula Entho Pokeno"

11. "Vagala Mari O Vayyari Mama Chindule Tayu"

12. "Srutajana Bandhu Karunasindhu"

13. "Ha Tanaya Nanu Basitiva Yi Vidhi Neevastamimpa" - sung by Pasupuleti Kannamba

14. "Salalita Karunanilaya Saraniyam Gade"

== Reception ==
''Harishchandra'' was well received by audiences and achieved commercial success, cementing its place in early Telugu cinema history.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0256069}}

[[Category:1930s Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1935 films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Saifuddin Choudhury

2026-03-19T07:04:26Z

All Singers Music Production: brief corrected lead for accuracy as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Saifuddin Choudhury
| image =
| birth_date = 1 August 1952
| birth_place = [[Memari]], [[West Bengal]]
| death_date = 14 September 2014 (aged 62)
| death_place = [[New Delhi]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member]] of the [[Indian Parliament]] for [[Katwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katwa]]
| term_start = 1980
| term_end = 1996
| predecessor = Dhirendranath Basu
| successor = [[Mahboob Zahedi]]
| spouse = Ruksana Chowdhury
| party =
[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (until 2001) [[Party of Democratic Socialism (India)|Party of Democratic Socialism]](2001-2014)
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| profession = Politician, [[social worker]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Saifuddin Choudhury''' (1 August 1952 – 14 September 2014), was an Indian politician who was a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] leader and MP from [[West Bengal]] state of India. In February 2001 he formed [[Party of Democratic Socialism (India)|Party of Democratic Socialism]] (PDS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://us.rediff.com/news/2000/oct/03saif.htm|title=rediff.com: Saifuddin Choudhury out of CPI-M|website=us.rediff.com|accessdate=17 April 2023}}</ref>

==Political career==
He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] on a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] ticket from [[Katwa (Lok Sabha constituency)]] in 1980, 1984, 1989 and 1991.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/GE/PartyCompWinner/S25/partycomp40.htm | title = 40 – Katwa Parliamentary Constituency, West Bengal | accessdate = 2010-11-12 | work = Partywise Comparison since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-date = 21 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721172848/http://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/GE/PartyCompWinner/S25/partycomp40.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> He took a progressive role in [[Shah Bano case]] in his tenure as a [[Member of Parliament]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Kolkata/Whistleblower-communist-dies/articleshow/42473814.cms | title=Whistleblower communist dies | Kolkata News | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=15 September 2014 }}</ref> He later took an important role during discussion on [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasima Rao]] government, too.<ref>[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lsdeb/ls10/ses1/1315079101.htm Motion of confidence in the council of ministers adopted] Parliament of India 15 July 1991 {{webarchive|date=24 November 2004|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041124201832/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lsdeb/ls10/ses1/1315079101.htm}}</ref> He fared badly in the 2009 election from [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]], getting just 0.46% of the total votes polled. His membership of the party was not renewed.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ibnlive.in.com/politics/electionresults/constituency/25/25/jadavpur.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090519181116/http://ibnlive.in.com/politics/electionresults/constituency/25/25/jadavpur.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 2009-05-19| title = General Election 2009 Jadavpur | access-date = 2009-05-25| work = West Bengal Election Results| publisher = Ibnlive }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Former-CPIM-Leader-Saifuddin-Choudhury-Dies-of-Cancer/859871|title=Former CPI-M Leader Saifuddin Choudhury Dies of Cancer|publisher=outlookindia.com|date=14 September 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Eleventh to Fourteenth Lok Sabha, West Bengal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Saifuddin}}
[[Category:Politicians from Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Party of Democratic Socialism (India) politicians]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}
{{CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

India–Malawi relations

2026-03-10T05:10:28Z

All Singers Music Production: Starting new entry from scratch

{{Infobox bilateral relations|India–Malawi|India|Malawi}}
'''India–Malawi relations''' refers to the international relations that exist between [[India]] and [[Malawi]].

==History==
Trade relations between India and Malawi date back to the 18th century, when Indian tradesmen (mostly Gujaratis) arrived in Africa.<ref name="HCI commerce">{{cite web|title=Economical and Commercial|url=http://www.hcililongwe.in/hc.php?id=Economical|website=High Commission of India, Lilongwe|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref> India established diplomatic relations with Malawi in 1964, the year of the latter's independence. Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] visited the country in 1964 to participate in Malawi's independence celebrations. The Indian diplomatic mission in Malawi was closed in May 1993, and India's interests in the country were transferred to the Indian embassy in Zambia.<ref name="MEADec2016">{{cite web|title=India - Malawi relations|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Malawi_relations_13_12_2016_.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=1 January 2017|date=13 December 2016}}</ref>

Malawi opened its High Commission in New Delhi in February 2007. Several Malawian leaders have received their education from universities in India, including President [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] and Foreign Minister [[George Chaponda]].<ref name="MEADec2016"/> Mutharika secured a Bachelor of Commerce and a master's degree in economics from the University of Delhi in 1961 and 1963 respectively. During his state visit to India as President of Malawi, Mutharika was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters by his alma mater on 4 November 2010. Chaponda studied at the Delhi University between 1963 and 1968.<ref>{{cite web|title=India-Malawi Relations|url=https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Malawi_July_2014.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=1 January 2017|date=July 2014}}</ref>

H. Kamutzu Banda, the first President of Malawi, visited India in 1983 to attend the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. President Bingu wa Mutharika visited India on 2–7 November 2010. During the visit, the two sides signed a general co-operation agreement, as well as MoUs on cooperation covering the fields of mineral resources development, rural development, and health and medicine.<ref name="MEADec2016"/> During the visit, Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] announced that India would re-open its High Commission in Malawi in early 2012.<ref name="MEAJan2012">{{cite web|title=1India-Malawi Relation|url=https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Malawi-January-2012.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=1 January 2017|date=January 2012}}</ref> The High Commission in Lilongwe was re-opened in February 2012. Vanlalhuma served as the first High Commissioner to Malawi from 21 June 2013 until 13 June 2016. Suresh Kumar Menon assumed office as the second High Commissioner to the country from 9 August 2016 to 31 January 2019.Anurag Bhusan served as the third High Commissioner from 6 July 2019 to 4 February 2021. S. Gopalakrishnan assumed office as the fourth High Commissioner of India to Malawi on 13 March 2021.<ref name="MEADec2016"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Reporter|first1=MBC|title=India to increase trade opportunities in Malawi|url=https://www.mbc.mw/index.php/component/k2/item/2874-india-to-increase-trade-opportunities-in-malawi|website=MBC Malawi|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref>

Indian Vice-President Hamid Ansari visited Malawi on 7–9 January 2010. During Ansari's visit the two countries signed agreements on cooperation in agriculture and allied sectors and development of small scale enterprises in Malawi. Two nations also agreed on a protocol of consultations between their respective foreign ministries.<ref name="MEADec2016"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Edgar|first1=Thorpe|title=The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2011|date=1 September 2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131756409|page=D.20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHaYRoLuKBgC|access-date=1 January 2017|language=en}}</ref>

Malawi supports India in the [[Kashmir dispute]], supported India's position at the First Committee of the UN General Assembly regarding the nuclear tests in 1998, and also supports India's candidature for a permanent seat in the UN Security Council.<ref name="MEAJan2012"/> Malawi also voted for India's election to the first [[United Nations Human Rights Council]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|last1=News|first1=Southern African|title=Malawi strengthens relations with India|url=http://southernafrican.news/2006/05/21/malawi-strengthens-relations-with-india/|website=Southern Times Africa|access-date=1 January 2017|date=21 May 2006|archive-date=2 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102171616/http://southernafrican.news/2006/05/21/malawi-strengthens-relations-with-india/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following a meeting between India's Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprise [[G. M. Siddeshwara]] and Malawi President Peter Mutharika in July 2015, the latter praised relations between the two countries declaring that Malawi had benefited greatly from the relationship. Mutharika stated, "In 2008, we got a generous line of credit from the government of India to the tune of $163 million, which assisted us in areas of agriculture, petroleum storage tanks, sugar processing plant and capacity building. In 2010, we also got a credit of $5 million, which assisted us in areas of science and technology and the health care sector. We are very much appreciative of that."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chimpweya|first1=James|title=Mutharika hails Malawi-India relations|url=http://mwnation.com/mutharika-hails-malawi-india-relations/|website=The Nation Online|access-date=1 January 2017|date=14 July 2015|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002000453/https://mwnation.com/mutharika-hails-malawi-india-relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Economic relations==
===Trade===
India was Malawi's 3rd largest trading partner in 2015, after [[South Africa]] and [[China]]. India is the 4th largest source of imports to Malawi, and 7th largest destination for exports in 2015.<ref name="HCI commerce"/>

Bilateral trade between India and Malawi totaled US$250.80 million in 2014–15. India exported $214.02 million worth of goods to Malawi, and imported $36.78 million. The main commodities exported by India to Malawi are textile yarns, fabrics, transport equipment, pharmaceuticals, machinery and equipment. The major commodities imported by India from Malawi are pulses, chickpeas and other agricultural commodities.<ref name="MEADec2016"/>

Under a trade agreement signed between India and Malawi, both nations have accorded each other the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malawi - India Relations|url=http://foreignaffairs.gov.mw/index.php/styles/bilateral-relations/asia/110-bilateral-relations/asia/158-malawi-india-relations|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=1 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911230037/http://foreignaffairs.gov.mw/index.php/styles/bilateral-relations/asia/110-bilateral-relations/asia/158-malawi-india-relations|archive-date=11 September 2016}}</ref> Malawi is also a beneficiary of India's [[Duty Free Tariff Preference]] (DFTP) scheme for Least Developed Countries (LDCs).<ref name="High Commission of Malawi">{{cite web|title=Malawi- India Bilateral Relations|url=http://www.malawi-india.org/the-embassy.html|website=High Commission of Malawi, New Delhi|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref> The DFTP scheme, introduced in April 2008, allows Malawi to export several commodities to India duty-free.<ref name="HCI commerce"/> The introduction of the DFTP scheme resulted in a massive 1,364.62% rise in Malawi's exports to India between 2008–09 and 2009–10. It also shifted the balance of trade in favour of Malawi for the first time in history,<ref>{{cite web|title=Trade between Malawi and India|url=http://www.malawi-india.org/trade-investment.html|website=High Commission of Malawi, New Delhi|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref> although the trade balance shifted back in favour of India in subsequent years.

===Investments===
Between 2005 and 2016, 96 Indian companies were registered in Malawi. Indian firms in the country are involved in agro processing, chemicals, energy, financial
services and insurance, food processing, information technology, software development, logistics, textile, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, cement, manufacturing, and the hospitality industry. Bharti Airtel, Tech Mahindra, Hi Tos Linear Agency Pvt Ltd, Weismann Ltd, TATA, Mahindra, Godrej, Kirloskar, Ashok Leyland, TVS, and Bajaj Auto, Tech Mahindra, L&T, Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd are some major Indian companies operating in the country. Dhunseri Petrochem & Tea Ltd (DPTL) invested in tea estates in Malawi in 2012.<ref name="MEADec2016"/>

The Malawi High Commission in New Delhi opened a business centre at the South Gujarat Chamber of Commerce in [[Surat]] on 16 October 2013, aiming to boost trade and investment from India in Malawi.<ref name="MEADec2016"/>

==Indian foreign aid==
India dispatched 1,000 [[metric tonnes]] of [[rice]] on 9 March 2026, from [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|Nhava Sheva Port]] to support the drought affected communities in Malawi because of current worsening conditions in [[food security in Malawi]], reinforcing to commitment to food security and humanitarian assistance. This was done following the drought caused by the [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation|El Niño]] effect. In a social media post, [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Indian External Affairs]]' spokesperson [[Randhir Jaiswal]] said that the consignment is a reiteration of India’s continued commitment to supporting partners in the [[Global South]] and advancing the spirit of [[South–South cooperation|South-South cooperation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India sends 1,000 metric tons of rice to Malawi to support food security amid El Nino drought |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/india-sends-1000-metric-tons-of-rice-to-malawi-to-support-food-security-amid-el-nino-drought/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

In 2009, India provided tractors, disc harrows, heavy earth moving machinery, graders, bull dozers and other equipment worth $22.91 million to the Government of Malawi.<ref>{{cite web|title=SUPPLY OF PVHO|url=http://www.hcililongwe.in/hc.php?id=PVHO|website=High Commission of India, Lilongwe|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref> India announced a $19.93 million project to construct cotton ginneries at Ngabu, Ngara and Balaka in 2009. The plants were opened in 2012 and transferred to the Government of Malawi. Each plant has an output of 250 bales (1 bale = 250 kg) of cotton per day.<ref>{{cite web|title=COTTON GINNING FACILITIES|url=http://www.hcililongwe.in/hc.php?id=Cotton|website=High Commission of India, Lilongwe|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref> India began construction of petrol and diesel fuel storage facilities at Lilongwe, Mzuzu and Blantyre in March 2013 at a cost of $26.75 million. The facilities were commissioned and transferred to Malawi in October 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=FUEL STORAGE FACILITIES|url=http://www.hcililongwe.in/hc.php?id=Fuel|website=High Commission of India, Lilongwe|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref>

India provided Malawi a grant of $5 million in January 2010. It also supplied science and laboratory equipment, and medical equipment worth $3 million to the Government of Malawi. $1 million of tractors and implements was gifted to Malawi in August 2015, and a grant of $1 million was provided to set up a Business Incubator Centre in Malawi. India donated $1 million worth of essential medicines on 1 July 2015 towards disaster relief operations, and also donated medicines and tent ridges to the Malawi Department of Disaster Management in September 2016. The Indian government provided another $1 million grants in response to State of Disaster declared by the President of Malawi in 2016.<ref name = "MEADec2016"/>

India spent $8.46 million to construct dal processing plants in Liwonde and Luchenza. Construction on the plants began and in September 2015, and both were commissioned by July 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=DAL PROCESSING PLANT|url=http://www.hcililongwe.in/hc.php?id=Dal|website=High Commission of India, Lilongwe|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref> The country spent $33.64 million to construct a sugar processing plant in Salima, the sugarcane producing district of Malawi. Construction of the Salima Sugar plant began in March 2013 and was completed in October 2015. The plant consumes 1250 metric tons of sugarcane in 8 hours of operations. In the first two months since operations began, the plant produced 300 tons of sugar.<ref>{{cite web|title=SUGAR PROCESSING FACILITIES|url=http://www.hcililongwe.in/hc.php?id=Sugar|website=High Commission of India, Lilongwe|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref>

Citizens of Malawi are eligible for scholarships under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]] and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]]. India has also transferred technology to Malawi under the ITEC programme.<ref name="High Commission of Malawi"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mvona|first1=Ralphael|title=Malawian students get India scholarships|url=http://www.capitalradiomalawi.com/index.php/component/k2/item/1465-malawian-students-get-india-scholarships|website=Capital Radio Malawi|access-date=1 January 2017|archive-date=2 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102082134/http://www.capitalradiomalawi.com/index.php/component/k2/item/1465-malawian-students-get-india-scholarships|url-status=dead}}</ref>

India is a preferred destination for Malawians seeking medical treatment. Indian hospitals such as Artemis Hospital in Gurgaon, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute and Fortis Hospitals have introduced specific arrangements to cater to citizens of Malawi.<ref name = "MEADec2016"/>

==Indians in Malawi==
The initial Indian migration to Malawi began after the latter became a British colony in 1891. The British transported Indians to Malawi and Mozambique to work on a rail project between the two African nations.<ref name="MEADec2016"/>

As of December 2016, 8,000 persons of Indian origin reside in Malawi, most of whom are of Gujarati origin. They primarily reside in cities such as Lilongwe, Blantyre, Zomba and Mzuzu. Most members of the Indian community that have lived in the country for more than one generation hold British citizenship. Indian citizens in the country are primarily engaged in trading, agriculture and agro business, pharmaceuticals, and the retail and hospitality industries.<ref name="MEADec2016"/>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Malawi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Malawi relations}}
[[Category:India–Malawi relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Malawi|India]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Malawi]]
[[Category:India–Africa relations|Malawi]]
[[Category:Malawi and the Commonwealth of Nations]]

Jaipal Singh (politician)

2026-03-07T20:55:38Z

All Singers Music Production: Starting the bio first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jaipal Singh Vyast
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 17 Nov 2014
| constituency = ''Bareilly-Moradabad Graduate''
| predecessor = [[Naipal Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|07|01}}
| birth_place = [[Bulandshahr|Vill-Sohi (Shivagarh), District-Bulandshahr]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| spouse = Ramwati Devi (m.1972)
| children = 5
| profession = Teacher & Agriculture
| parents = Late Shri Hoti Singh {{small|(father)}}
Late Smt Harpyari Devi {{small|(mother)}}
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Jaipal Singh 'Vyast'''' is an Indian politician and Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Vyast is a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]] from the Bareilly-Moradabad Division Graduates Constituency.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Graduate-constituency-poll-Time-for-UP-BJP-to-prove-a-point/articleshow/44940904.cms | title=Graduate constituency poll: Time for UP BJP to prove a point | date=26 October 2014 | newspaper=The Times of India | first=Rajiv | last=Srivastava | accessdate=4 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bjp-announces-candidate-for-graduate-constituency-114101501112_1.html BJP announces candidate for graduate constituency]</ref><ref>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow/jaipal-singh-vyasth-has-retained-the-bareilly-moradabad-graduate-seat.html JAIPAL SINGH ‘VYASTH’, HAS RETAINED THE BAREILLY-MORADABAD GRADUATE SEAT]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jai Pal}}
[[Category:Politicians from Bareilly]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1954 births]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Rajashree Birla

2026-03-07T17:14:07Z

All Singers Music Production: adjust details as per guidelines and added references

{{Short description|Philanthropist}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajashree Birla
| image = Manmohan Singh presenting award for excellency to the Director, of Grasim Industries Ltd (Cement Division-South), Tamil Nadu, Mrs. Rajashree Birla.jpg
| caption = The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh presenting award for excellency to the Director, of Grasim Industries Ltd (Cement Division-South), Tamil Nadu, Mrs. Rajashree Birla, in the field of “Outstanding Achievement in Environmental Sustainability of Businesses”, at the 80th Annual Session of Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), in New Delhi on February 15, 2008.
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|01|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Businessperson
| spouse = [[Aditya Vikram Birla]]
| children = [[Kumar Mangalam Birla]] (son), Vasavadatta Bajaj (daughter)
| website = {{URL|adityabirlascholars.net/about/rajshribirla.aspx|Official web page}}
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] Women Achievers Award Corporate Citizen of the Year Seva Shiromani Award Citizen of Bombay Award 2003 The Pride of India Award
}}

'''Rajashree Birla''' is an Indian philanthropist. She is married to the late [[Aditya Birla]] (scion of the [[Birla family]] of business magnates). After her husband's death in 1995, Rajashree began working in [[corporate social responsibility|CSR]] and charity sectors, developing a large philanthropic organization funded by her family. In 2011, the [[Government of India]] honoured her with the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award, for her services to society.<ref name="Padma announcement">{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/padma-awards-2011-the-winners/20110126.htm | title=Padma announcement | access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

==Biography==
Rajashree was born in 1948 in [[Bikaner]], in the [[Rajasthan]] state of [[India]], and was later raised in [[Madurai]], in the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Her father, Radhakishen Fomra,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://prfsmathura.com/parvati-15.html |title=Early life |access-date=1 January 2015 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801015800/http://www.prfsmathura.com/parvati-15.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> held a dealership agency for [[Burmah Shell]].<ref name="Hindu business line">{{cite web|last=Bhagat|first=Rasheeda|title=I don't dream, I just do it|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/weekend-life/i-dont-dream-i-just-do-it/article3811536.ece|access-date=12 August 2014|website=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> Her mother, Parvati Devi Fomra, was a home-maker. The family were [[Marwari people|Marwari]] [[Vaishya]]s and belonged to the [[Maheshwari]] sub-caste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajashree Birla: Philanthropist par excellence |url=https://www.adityabirla.com/media/stories/rajashree-birla-philanthropist-par-excellence |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=Aditya Birla Group}}</ref>

Rajashree and her sisters studied at St. Joseph's convent school in Madurai,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://prfsmathura.com/parvati-15.html |title=Early years |access-date=1 January 2015 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801015800/http://www.prfsmathura.com/parvati-15.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following the usual Indian custom, Rajshree's marriage was arranged by her parents into a family belonging to their specific [[Maheshwari]] sub-caste. The nuptials were celebrated in three stages, as per the [[Marwari people|Marwari]] tradition. The first stage, being the engagement, was performed when Rajashree was around 10 years old. Her fiancé was [[Aditya Vikram Birla]], scion of the [[Birla family]] and grandson of the legendary business magnate [[Ghanshyam Das Birla]]. The second stage comprised the initial ceremony of marriage (essentially an irrevocable engagement), which was performed when Rajashree was 14, and the final ceremonies (''gauna'' and ''vidaai'') was performed in 1965, when she was 17 years old. At this point, she departed her parents’ house in [[Madurai]] and moved into her in-law's house in [[Kolkata]].

By this time, she had completed her matriculation and was studying at Fatima College in Madurai. With the encouragement from her husband and his parents, she enrolled at [[Loreto College, Kolkata]] and took a degree in Arts from the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name="Hindu business line" /><ref name="Profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.adityabirlascholars.net/about/rajshribirla.aspx | title=Profile | access-date=12 August 2014 | archive-date=7 August 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807180115/http://www.adityabirlascholars.net/about/rajshribirla.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Forbes philanthropy" />

In June 1967, Rajashree became a mother with the birth of a son, [[Kumar Mangalam Birla]]. This was followed in June 1976 by a daughter, Vasavadatta. With the full support of her family, Rajashree completed her education (albeit with a break for the birth of Kumar Mangalam) and took a degree in Arts from Kolkata university. For the next three decades, she devoted herself to caring for her family and raising her two children, viewing this as her primary responsibility. Only after they had grown up and settled down did she devote her energy to public or social welfare. Throughout her life, Rajashree has maintained an understated, unostentatious lifestyle and a middle-class sense of morality and family responsibility, bringing up her children also with the same values. She has in interviews attributed this quality to the influence of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] upon her family ([[Ghanshyam Das Birla]] was a close associate of the Mahatma) and the teachings of the ''[[Bhagwat Gita]].'' She has stated that her favourite axiom at all time, good and bad alike, is the phrase "This too will pass," a quotation from the [[Bhagwat Gita]].

Rajashree Birla sits on the boards of her family businesses in India and abroad and heads the Aditya Birla Centre for Community Initiatives and Rural Development, the charity arm of the [[Aditya Birla Group]], which looks after the [[Corporate social responsibility (India)|corporate social responsibilities]] of the [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]].<ref name="Hindu business line" /><ref name="Profile" /> She lives in South Mumbai with her son, [[Kumar Mangalam Birla]] and his family.<ref name="Forbes philanthropy">{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2012/0604/heroes-philanthropy-rajashree-birla-hospital-school-fund-grand-dame-indian-charity.html | title=Forbes philanthropy | website=[[Forbes]] | access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

==Social service==
===Aditya Birla Centre for Community Initiatives and Rural Development===
As the Chairperson of the Aditya Birla Centre for Community Initiatives and Rural Development (ABCCIR), Rajashree oversees the charity efforts, development activities and community initiatives of the [[Aditya Birla Group]], with the help of {{INR}} 1,600 crores, the Aditya Birla Group, spends on [[Corporate social responsibility (India)|CSR]] activities, of which {{INR}} 40 crores goes for educational activities.<ref name="Hindu business line" /> The main focusses are on education, employment, drinking water and women empowerment initiatives. She is also involved in activities related to assistance to rural poor and physically disabled people, widow remarriage and activism against [[dowry]]. ABCCIR assists in the running of 42 schools and 18 hospitals and pays for the education of around 18,000 students.<ref name="Hindu business line" /> These activities are reported to have assisted around 7 million people in about 3000 villages around the globe and has presence in countries like [[Thailand]] and [[Egypt]].<ref name="Forbes bio">{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mgm45ejh/rajashree-birla | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624013543/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/mgm45ejh/rajashree-birla/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 June 2012 | title=Forbes bio | website=[[Forbes]] | access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

===Health care===
Rajashree Birla, as a tribute to her late husband, set up a 325-bed hospital, Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital, at a cost of {{USD}} 30 million, in Pune, 2006. The hospital complex, spread over a land measuring 18 acres, is managed by the Aditya Birla Center for Community Initiatives and Rural Development and is funded by the Aditya Birla Foundation.<ref name="Forbes philanthropy" /><ref name="Forbes bio" />

Rajashree also oversees the running of a healthcare initiative which conducts around 3500 medical camps a year, attending to reportedly 3 million patients. The initiative also conducts around 20,000 polio vaccines to children.<ref name="Forbes philanthropy" /> Rajashree has also donated US$1 million to Rotary International for the eradication of polio.<ref name="polio">{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2012/0604/heroes-philanthropy-rajashree-birla-hospital-school-fund-grand-dame-indian-charity.html | title=Polio | website=[[Forbes]] | access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

===Other social activities===
Rajashree Birla is in active association with Population First a [[non-governmental organisation]] dedicated to the cause of female foeticide. She maintains a close association with [[Habitat for Humanity]], sits on the Boards of its Asia Pacific and Global committees and attended [[Habitat for Humanity|Habitat]] conference in [[Manila]], the Philippines, in 2012. The same year, she rallied a group of celebrity [[cricketer]]s such as [[M. S. Dhoni]] and collected a sum of {{USD}} 2 million for the efforts of the organization. She has personally arranged a contribution of {{INR}} 100 million to the [[Habitat for Humanity]].<ref name="Hindu business line" />

On the issue of widow remarriage, which is still a taboo among many village people in India, Rajashree and her volunteers have worked with the village chieftains for their support. She is reported to be largely successful and her foundation has distributed monies in the form of loans to the prospective husbands for starting small businesses. She admits that this initiative is the one closest to her heart<ref name="Forbes philanthropy" />

In [[Rajasthan]], she has helped build a charity kitchen which supplies 30,000 meals every day, in association with the State Government's free lunch program for poor children studying in Government schools. She is in the process of setting up two more kitchens in [[Odisha]], at a cost of {{USD}} one million, to cater to 60,000 children. She is also planning to open vocational institutes in [[Kerala]].<ref name="Forbes philanthropy" />

Rajashree Birla has built a memorial to her late husband in Pilani, Rajasthan and is looking to build a temple in Pune.<ref name="Forbes philanthropy" />

==Positions==
Apart from being the Director board member of most of the Aditya Birla Group companies, Rajashree Birla also holds or has held various other posts of importance.
* Chairperson of the Advisory Board – University of Kanchipuram<ref name="Profile" />
*Chairperson - Advisory Committee - Habitat for Humanity India Trust
* Member of the Advisory Board – The Research Society for the Care, Treatment and Training of Children in Need of Special Care, Mumbai<ref name="Profile" />
* Trustee – Population First, India<ref name="Profile" />
* Trustee – [[BAIF Development Research Foundation]], Pune<ref name="Profile" />
* Member – [[Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanam]] Development Advisory Council<ref name="Profile" />
* Member of the Executive Committee – Gandhi Smriti – 2003–06<ref name="Profile" />
* Member of the Executive Committee – Darshan Smriti – 2003–06<ref name="Profile" />
* President – Sangeet Kala Kendra<ref name="Profile" />
* Trustee – Anand Ashram Trust, Mumbai<ref name="Profile" />
* Trustee – Jayashree Charity (1962) Trust, Kolkata<ref name="Profile" />
* Trustee – [[Breach Candy Hospital|Breach Candy Hospital and Research Centre]], Mumbai<ref name="Profile" />

Consul General- Honorary Consulate General of the Philippines in Mumbai

She is also the trustee of many foundations related to her family such as [[G. D. Birla]] Medical Research and Education Foundation, Vasavadatta Foundation, Neerja Foundation, Rajashree Foundation, Aditya Birla Foundation and [[Aditya Vikram Birla]] Memorial Trust.<ref name="Profile" />

==Awards and recognitions==
* [[Padma Bhushan]] – 2011<ref name="Padma announcement" />
* Women Achievers' Award – Archana Trust, Mumbai – 2001–02<ref name="Profile" />
* Corporate Citizen of the Year – [[The Economic Times]] – 2001–02<ref name="Profile" />
* Seva Shiromani Award – Rotarians in Action – 2003<ref name="Profile" />
* Citizen of Bombay Award – Rotary Club of Bombay – 2003<ref name="Profile" />
* The Pride of India Award – Rotary Club of Mulund – 2004<ref name="Profile" />
* Women of the Decade Award – [[ASSOCHAM]]'s Ladies League – 2004<ref name="ALL Ladies League">{{cite web | url=https://twitter.com/AdityaBirlaGrp/status/419375785204404224 | title=ALL Ladies League| access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="ALL Ladies League2">{{cite web | url=http://www.afternoondc.in/city-news/women-of-the-decade/article_99847 | title=ALL Ladies League | access-date=12 August 2014 | archive-date=7 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107080109/http://www.afternoondc.in/city-news/women-of-the-decade/article_99847 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
25th Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award For Excellence 2024

==See also==
* [[Kumar Mangalam Birla]]

==References==
{{reflist|50em|refs=}}

==External links==
* {{cite news | url=https://www.ft.com/content/a16cbc34-54fa-11e2-a220-00144feab49a | title=FT | newspaper=Financial Times | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=12 August 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/book-review/storyoneindias-prominent-business-families-_267930.html | title=Family history |publisher=Money Control | access-date=12 August 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.baif.org.in/pdf/Rajashree_Birla.pdf | title=Baif |publisher=[[BAIF Development Research Foundation]] | access-date=12 August 2014}}
* {{YouTube |icWA_tpVDDs | India Inc with Rajashree Birla}}
* {{YouTube |4I0motbfy2c | ADDRESS BY SMT.RAJASHREE BIRLA, DIRECTOR, ADITYA BIRLA GROUP}}
* {{cite web | url=http://vimeo.com/42226561 | title=Rotary – video | date=15 May 2012 |publisher=[[Rotary Club|Rotary Convention]]| access-date=12 August 2014}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Birla, Rajashree}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Madurai]]
[[Category:Loreto College, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Women educators from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Social workers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian women philanthropists]]
[[Category:Educators from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:Birla family]]

List of states in India by past population

2026-03-03T22:04:41Z

All Singers Music Production: reworked structure per sources to improve readability

{{short description|None}}

[[Image:India population density map en.svg|thumb|250px|Population density map of India.]]
India is a union of twenty-eight [[State (country subdivision)|state]]s and eight [[Union Territory|union territories]].<ref name="official">{{cite web
|url=http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php
|title=States and union territories|accessdate=2007-09-07|publisher=Census of India|format=
|work=Government of India (2001)}}</ref> As of 2011, with an estimated population of 1.210 [[1,000,000,000 (number)|billion]], India occupies 2.4 percent of the [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|world's land surface area]] but is home to 17.5 percent of the [[World Population|world's population]].<ref name="Area and Population">{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx
|title=Area and Population
|work=Government of India (2011)
|publisher=Census of India
|accessdate=2011-04-07}}</ref> The [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] is among the most densely populated areas of the world. The [[Eastern coastal plains|eastern]] and [[Western coastal plains|western]] coastal regions of [[Deccan Traps]] are also densely populated regions of India. The [[Thar Desert]] in western Rajasthan is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world. The northern and [[North-east India|north-eastern states]] along the [[Himalayas]] contain cold arid deserts with fertile valleys. These states have less population density due to indomitable physical barriers.<ref name="India - General Profile, Land Use Classification and Land Use Pattern">{{cite web|url=http://envfor.nic.in/unccd/chap-3.pdf |title=India - General Profile, Land Use Classification and Land Use Pattern |work=National Informatics Centre (NIC) |publisher=Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) |accessdate=2008-12-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514102850/http://www.envfor.nic.in/unccd/chap-3.pdf |archivedate=2006-05-14 }}</ref>

==Census of India==
The first population census in India was conducted in 1873. Since then the a decennial census has been conducted in 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, and 1941 by the Government. Since [[History of the Republic of India|India's independence]] in 1947, a census has been carried out every 10 years by the Indian Government, starting from [[1951 Census of India|1951]].<ref name="Census Organisation of India">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/aboutus/Census_Organisation/about.html |title=Census Organisation of India |work=Government of India (2001) |publisher=Census of India |accessdate=2008-12-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201091131/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/aboutus/Census_Organisation/about.html |archivedate=2008-12-01 }}</ref> The census in India is carried out by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.<ref name="Brief history of census">{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/brief_history_of_census.aspx|title=Brief history of census
|work=Government of India (2001)
|publisher=Census of India
|accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref>

Latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu}}</ref> During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population rising rate has slowed down from 2.15 to 1.76.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> Based on decennial census data, [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] shows the highest growth rate of 55.5 percent. It is followed by [[Daman and Diu]] (53.5 percent), [[Meghalaya]] (27.8 percent) and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (25.9 percent). [[Nagaland]] recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.<ref name="thehindu.com"/>

India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> Of them, 145,000 villages have a population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have a population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have a population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more.<ref name="Area and Population" /> India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.<ref name="Urban Agglomerations (UAs) & towns">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/Urban_agglomerations.htm|title=Urban Agglomerations (UAs) & towns|work=Government of India (2001)|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=2008-12-04}}</ref> In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused a rapid increase in urban population.<ref name="Migration rate to city will dip">{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/Migration-rate-to-city-will-dip/articleshow/3478265.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105042539/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-13/pune/27920107_1_migration-development-plan-city-engineer|url-status=live|archive-date=5 November 2012|title=Migration rate to city will dip|date=13 Sep 2008|access-date=2008-12-08|first1=Swati|work=[[The Times of India]]|last1=Shinde}}</ref><ref name="Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist ">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120302910500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205014246/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120302910500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 5, 2005|title=Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist |date=Dec 3, 2005|accessdate=2008-12-08|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, [[Maharashtra]] had the most [[immigration]] with 2.3 million, followed by the National Capital Territory of [[Delhi]] (1.7 million), [[Gujarat]] (0.68 million) and [[Haryana]] (0.67 million). [[Uttar Pradesh]] (−2.6 million) and [[Bihar]] (−1.7 million) topped the list for interstate [[emigration]].<ref name="Migration">{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx
|title=Migration
|work=Government of India (2001)
|publisher=Census of India
|accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> The four states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and account for almost half (48.89 percent) of the total Indian population.<ref name="thehindu.com"/>

==By past population==
The total geographical area of India is {{convert|3287263|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="Area and Population" /> As per census data 2011, the total population of India is: 1,210,193,422.<ref name="thehindu.com"/>

{{static row numbers}}{{sort under}}{{Table alignment}}{{row hover highlight}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text defaultright col1center col2left sort-under-center hover-highlight"
|-
! colspan=2 |Administrative divisions
! colspan=7 |[[Demographics of India|Population]] as per Census
|-
!class="unsortable" |Emblem
!class="unsortable" |[[States and territories of India|Name]]
!1951<ref name="indiabudget.nic.in">{{Cite web |url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219073658/http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf |archive-date=2008-12-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
!1961<ref name="indiabudget.nic.in"/>
!1971<ref name="indiabudget.nic.in"/>
!1981<ref name="indiabudget.nic.in"/>
!1991<ref name="indiabudget.nic.in"/>
!2001<ref name="indiabudget.nic.in"/>
!2011<ref name="indiabudget.nic.in"/>
|-class="sorttop static-row-header"
! colspan="9" align="center" | '''''States'''''
|-
|
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|60,274,800
|70,144,160
|83,849,775
|105,113,300
|132,062,800
|166,053,600
|199,581,477
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Maharashtra Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Maharashtra]]
|32,002,500
|39,554,900
|50,412,240
|62,782,820
|78,937,190
|96,752,500
|112,372,972
|-
|{{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}}
|[[Bihar]]
|29,085,900
|34,841,490
|42,126,800
|52,303,000
|64,531,200
|82,879,910
|103,804,630
|-
|{{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}}
|[[West Bengal]]
|26,300,670
|34,926,000
|44,312,017
|54,580,650
|68,077,970
|80,221,300
|91,347,736
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Madhya Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|18,615,700
|23,218,950
|30,017,180
|38,169,500
|48,566,800
|60,385,090
|72,597,565
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Tamil Nadu Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|30,119,680
|33,687,100
|41,199,170
|48,408,080
|55,859,300
|62,111,390
|72,138,958
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Rajasthan Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Rajasthan]]
|15,971,130
|20,156,540
|25,765,810
|34,361,860
|44,005,990
|56,473,300
|68,621,012
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Karnataka Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Karnataka]]
|19,402,500
|23,587,910
|29,299,015
|37,135,710
|44,977,200
|52,734,986
|61,130,704
|-
|
|[[Gujarat]]
|16,263,700
|20,633,305
|26,697,488
|34,085,800
|41,309,580
|50,597,200
|60,383,628
|-
|{{flagicon image|}}
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|31,115,000
|35,983,480
|43,502,710
|53,551,030
|66,508,170
|75,728,400
|84,580,777
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Odisha]]
|14,646,100
|17,549,500
|21,944,625
|26,370,270
|31,659,740
|36,707,900
|41,947,358
|-
|{{flagicon image|}}
|[[Telangana]]
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|35,193,978
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Kerala Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Kerala]]
|13,549,000
|16,904,560
|21,347,300
|25,453,680
|29,098,523
|31,839,000
|33,387,677
|-
|{{flagicon image|Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg}}
|[[Jharkhand]]
|9,697,300
|11,606,504
|14,227,493
|17,612,000
|21,844,550
|26,946,070
|32,988,134
|-
|{{flagicon image|Seal of Assam.svg}}
|[[Assam]]
|8,029,100
|10,837,700
|14,625,157
|18,041,250
|22,414,320
|26,638,600
|31,169,272
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Punjab Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|9,160,990
|11,135,404
|13,551,069
|16,788,920
|20,281,971
|24,289,130
|27,704,236
|-
|{{flagicon image|..Haryana Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Haryana]]
|5,674,400
|7,591,190
|10,036,430
|12,922,122
|16,464,600
|21,083,900
|25,753,081
|-
|{{flagicon image|Coat of arms of Chhattisgarh.svg}}
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|7,457,700
|9,154,330
|11,637,800
|14,010,110
|17,615,600
|20,834,530
|25,540,196
|-
|{{flagicon image|Seal of Uttarakhand.svg}}
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|2,946,900
|3,611,200
|4,493,800
|5,726,550
|7,051,600
|8,489,100
|10,116,752
|-
|{{flagicon image|Government of Himachal Pradesh logo.svg}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|2,386,940
|2,812,300
|3,460,434
|4,280,818
|5,170,877
|6,077,453
|6,856,509
|-
|{{flagicon image|Tiripura Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Tripura]]
|639,984
|1,142,282
|1,556,342
|2,053,058
|2,757,205
|3,191,880
|3,671,032
|-
|{{flagicon image|Banner of Meghalaya.png}}
|[[Meghalaya]]
|606,300
|769,990
|1,011,699
|1,335,819
|1,774,778
|2,306,540
|2,964,007
|-
|{{flagicon image|Kanglasa.svg}}
|[[Manipur]]
|578,060
|780,340
|1,073,509
|1,421,290
|1,837,900
|2,294,480
|2,721,756
|-
|{{flagicon image|}}
|[[Nagaland]]
|213,700
|369,309
|516,110
|775,570
|1,210,492
|1,990,275
|1,980,602
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Goa, India.svg}}
| [[Goa]]
|547,000
|590,875
|795,997
|1,008,373
|1,170,115
|1,348,900
|1,457,723
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Arunachal Pradesh.svg}}
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|NA
|337,300
|468,885
|632,502
|865,900
|1,098,328
|1,382,611
|-
|{{flagicon image|Mizoram Flag(INDIA).png}}
|[[Mizoram]]
|196,970
|266,200
|332,190
|494,440
|690,963
|889,690
|1,091,014
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Government of Sikkim.svg}}
|[[Sikkim]]
|138,093
|162,863
|210,205
|316,840
|406,000
|541,902
|607,688
|-class="sorttop static-row-header"
! colspan="9" align="center" | '''''Union territories'''''
|-
|{{flagicon image|Government of Jammu and Kashmir.png}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|3,254,650
|3,561,100
|4,616,632
|5,987,389
|7,718,700
|10,070,300
|12,548,926
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Delhi Capital Territory.svg}}
|[[Delhi]]
|1,744,500
|2,659,990
|4,066,400
|6,220,973
|9,421,311
|13,851,503
|16,753,235
|-
|{{flagicon image|Banner of Puducherry.png}}
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|317,407
|369,355
|472,836
|604,281
|808,117
|974,820
|1,244,464
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Chandigarh.svg}}
|[[Chandigarh]]
|24,948
|120,480
|257,100
|452,960
|642,374
|901,080
|1,054,686
|-
|{{flagicon image|Andaman and Nicobar Administration Banner.png}}
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|31,480
|64,160
|115,874
|189,496
|281,990
|356,650
|379,944
|-
|{{flagicon image|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu emblem.png}}
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|42,846
|58,020
|74,880
|104,300
|138,290
|220,963
|342,853
|-
|{{flagicon image|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu emblem.png}}
|[[Daman and Diu]]
|49,482
|37,587
|63,000
|79,842
|102,110
|158,080
|242,911
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Lakshadweep.png}}
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|21,000
|24,370
|32,900
|40,250
|52,820
|61,300
|64,429
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
!colspan=2 |{{flag|India}}
!361,088,400
!439,235,720
!548,160,050
!683,329,900
!846,421,830
!1,028,737,690
!1,210,193,422
|}

== See also ==
{{India divisions by}}
* [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP]]
* [[Demographics of India]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in India]]
* [[Census of India prior to independence]]
* [[2011 Census of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070514045222/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ Official Website of Census of India]

[[Category:Ranked lists of country subdivisions|India, population]]

[[bn:জনসংখ্যা অনুযায়ী ভারতের রাজ্য ও কেন্দ্রশাসিত অঞ্চলগুলির তালিকা]]
[[fr:Classement des États et territoires indiens par population]]
[[ga:Liosta stáit na hIndia de réir a ndaonra]]
[[gl:Lista de estados da India por poboación]]
[[hi:जनसंख्या के आधार पर भारत के राज्य और संघ क्षेत्र]]
[[id:Daftar negara bagian India menurut jumlah penduduk]]
[[kn:ಭಾರತದ ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ]]
[[hu:India tagállamainak listája népesség szerint]]
[[mr:भारतीय राज्ये व केंद्रशासित प्रदेश यांची सूची लोकसंख्येनुसार]]
[[sv:Lista över Indiens delstater efter folkmängd]]
[[ta:மக்கள்தொகை அடிப்படையில் இந்திய மாநிலங்களின் பட்டியல்]]
[[te:భారతదేశ రాష్ట్రాల జనాభా]]
[[vi:Danh sách bang của Ấn Độ theo dân số]]
[[wuu:印度行政区人口列表]]

Prabha Sinha

2026-03-02T18:24:25Z

All Singers Music Production: improved page

{{short description|Indian film and television actress (born 1950)}}
{{BLP sources|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prabha Sinha
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1950|04|16}}{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
| occupation = [[Television actress]]
| other names = Puttu
}}

'''Prabha Sinha''' is an Indian [[film]] and [[television]] [[actress]]. She entered the television scene around the time there was a boom of soap operas. She gained popularity with her performance in [[Mahesh Bhatt]]'s ''[[Swabhimaan]]'' (1995), written by [[Shobha De]].

==Biography==
Granddaughter of Rai Bahadur Mukteshwar Prasad, she excelled in academics with first class first honors in [[Sociology]]. Coming from a family of mostly doctors and lawyers, she entered the television scene accidentally after she had 2 daughters (both Software Engineers in US now). She also likes doing social work.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indians in US back Hazare with fasts, candlelight vigils |date=10 April 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-10/us-canada-news/29403174_1_anna-hazare-indian-national-anthem-indian-consulate}}{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==TV career==
Best known for her portrayal of the character ''Sheela'' in the television serial ''Swabhimaan'', opposite [[Deepak Parashar]], which was DD's second daily soap just after ''[[Shanti (TV series)|Shanti]]''. It was later telecasted on [[StarPlus|Star plus]]. She starred in ''Itihaas'', which was Balaji's first daily soap on DD. ''Itihaas'' was centered on the story of three sisters, one of whom was played by her. This was followed by ''Parampara'' on Zee TV, a Siddhant cine vision production ([[Manish R Goswami|Manish Goswami]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=Manish's 15 years of TV |date=21 April 2010 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Manishs-15-years-of-TV/etarticleshow/5835762.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910203521/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-21/tv/28134645_1_weeklies-soaps-general-entertainment-channels |url-status=live |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=10 September 2012}}</ref> Another notable performance by Prabha was in the television serial ''Palchin'' on [[Star Plus]], directed by [[Neena Gupta]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Bold and dutiful |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/12/16/stories/2005121603280400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925194924/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/12/16/stories/2005121603280400.htm |url-status=dead |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=16 December 2005 |archive-date=25 September 2011}}</ref> opposite [[Arun Govil]] and [[Mohan Bhandari]]. ''[[Aurat (TV series)|Aurat]]'' was telecasted on DD. This was a B.R. Chopra Production. In ''Zameer'' on Zee TV, she was opposite Virendra Singh and [[Mohan Gokhale]]. ''Chonch Ladi Re Chonch'' ran on [[Metro Gold|9 Gold]], this was her first venture in comedy, it was directed by [[Anuj Kapoor]] and opposite [[Benjamin Gilani]]. In ''Ittefaq'' telecasted on [[Zee Tv]], she was opposite yesteryear film star [[Rajesh Khanna]]. She was the protagonist in the serial ''Sanskruti'' on [[Star Plus]] ([[Cinevistaas Limited|Cine Vista]]) along with actress [[Savita Prabhune]], opposite [[Vijayendra Ghatge]]. ''Karawaas'' on Zee TV, opposite [[Arun Govil]]. ''Ashiqui'' on Zee TV, opposite Arun Govil (directed by [[Arun Frank]]). ''Kahani Nahin, Jeevan Hai''<ref>{{cite news |title=Century run |date=9 September 2002 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/09/stories/2002090900730400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040128025555/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/09/stories/2002090900730400.htm |url-status=dead |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=28 January 2004}}</ref> on ETV. ''Kundali'' on Star Plus, (Balaji prod.) opposite Sai Balal, was an interesting story about two sisters and she played their mother-in-law. She also starred in the hit television series ''Kumkum'' on Star Plus BAG Films, which ran for a very long duration. She also starred in the hit television series ''KKusum'' on Sony TV Balaji Production. ''Bazar'', ''Intezaar Aur Sahi'' on DD, opposite [[Rajeev Verma]] (Samvaad Video). ''Kaisi Lagi Lagan'' on Cine Vista on Sahara TV. ''Chhoti Bahu'' on Zee Tv was DJ's production, opposite [[Surendra Pal]]. Her role in ''Shubh Kadam''<ref>{{Cite news |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/375567.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021202718/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/375567.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2012 |title=Shubh Kadam on Sahara One |first=Anil |last=Mirani |date=6 February 2009}}</ref> was also admired.

==Film career==
Her first role in a movie was in ''Mother 98'', which was opposite Bollywood film star [[Jeetendra]], the cast also included [[Rekha]], [[Rakesh Roshan]] and [[Randhir Kapoor]] and it was directed by [[Saawan Kumar]]. It was followed by ''Good Boy Bad Boy'',<ref>{{cite news |date=12 May 2007 |title=Good Boy Bad Boy |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=86378 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=16 July 2011 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014105836/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=86378 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a [[Subhash Ghai]] production, where she played [[Emraan Hashmi]]'s mother. Other movies included ''Amrita'', which was an [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]] film and ''Akheer'', directed by [[Bhisham Kohli]].

==Filmography==

===Soap operas===
* ''[[Parampara]]'' (1993 - 1999)
* ''[[Swabhimaan]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]''
* ''[[Itihaas (TV series)|Itihaas]]''
* ''[[Pal Chinn]]'' as Sandhya Singh (1999 - 2000)
* ''[[Aurat (TV series)|Aurat]]''
* ''[[Zameer (TV series)|Zameer]]''
* ''[[Chonch Ladi Re Chonch]]''
* ''[[Ittefaq (TV series)|Ittefaq]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Sanskruti]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Karawaas]]''
* ''[[Ashiqui]]''
* ''[[Vishwaas (TV series)|Vishwaas]]''
* ''[[Kundali (TV series)|Kundali]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Kumkum - Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]'' as Veena Kulbhushan Wadhwa (2002 - 2009)
* ''[[Kkusum]]'' as Reema Raman Kanwar (2002 - 2003)
* ''Ayushmaan'' as Dr. Kavya's Mother (2005)
* ''[[Bazaar]]''
* ''[[Intezaar Aur Sahi]]''
* ''[[Kaisi Laagi Lagan]]''
* ''[[Koie Jane Na]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Chotti Bahu - Sindoor Bin Suhagan]]'' as Vaishali Purohit (2008 - 2010)
* ''[[Kaisi Laagi Lagan]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Shubh Kadam]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Saath Saath (Zee TV series)|Saath Saath]]''
* ''[[Zee Horror Show]]'' (As Nandini, in critically acclaimed episode Saaya)
* ''[[Reporters (Indian TV series)]]''

===Movies===
* ''[[Mother (1999 film)|Mother]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Good Boy Bad Boy]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Amrita]]''
* ''[[Akheer]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1270194}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama person|prabha-sinha}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Prabha}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Oxford Grammar High School

2026-03-01T10:20:19Z

All Singers Music Production: starting new stub needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Oxford Grammar High School
| native_name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto = 
| motto_translation =
| address = Himayatnagar
| city = Hyderaba
| state = [[Telangana]]
| postal_code = 500029
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.4030433|N|78.4903774|E|region:LK_type:edu|display=inline}}
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| type = [[Private school]]
| religious_affiliation =
| established =
| founder = 
| closed =
| school_board =
| oversight =
| principal =
| staff =
| grades =
| years =
| gender =
| age_range =
| enrolment =
| language =
| campus_size =
| campus_type =
| colours =
| teams =
| website = http://www.oxfordgrammarschool.com/
}}

'''Oxford Grammar High School''' (OGS) is a private school in [[Hyderabad, Telangana, India]], run by Vikas Educational Academy and affiliated to [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).]]

==History==
Oxford Grammar High School was founded by educationalist Manikonda Vedakumar, an alumnus of the [[JNTU Hyderabad|JNTU, Hyderabad]], in the year 1980. In 2008, its management started a ''Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)'' affiliated school as well. The total strength of the school is around 1000 with 42 teachers teaching.<ref name="OfficialOGS">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordgrammarschool.com/|title=About Oxford Grammar High School |work=oxfordgrammarschool.com|accessdate=20 May 2025}}</ref>{{failed verification |date=May 2025}}

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[List of schools in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.oxfordgrammarschool.com/ Official Website]
{{Portal bar|School|Education}}

[[Category:Private schools in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1980]]

{{Telangana-school-stub}}

Bhagirath Bhatt

2026-02-27T10:53:37Z

All Singers Music Production: done

{{short description|Indian musician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Bhagirath Bhatt
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Bhagirtahkumar Pankajbhai Bhatt
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|05|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Jamnagar]], Gujarat, India
| genre = [[Indian classical music|Classical]], [[Indian folk music|Folk]], [[Fusion (music)|Fusion]], [[Hindi film music|Film music]], [[Ghazal]]
| occupation = [[Sitarist]], composer, musician
| instrument = [[Sitar]]
| years_active = 2010–present
| label = [[Saregama]], [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], [[Sony Music India]] ''Bhansali Music''
| website =
}}

'''Bhagirath Bhatt''' ({{IPA|gu|ˈભગીરથ ભટ્ટ}}; born '''Bhagirtahkumar Pankajbhai Bhatt''', 31 May 1991) is an Indian [[sitar]] player, classical musician, and composer. Active in the music industry for over a decade, he has contributed to numerous projects across [[Bollywood]], [[South Indian cinema]], [[Marathi cinema]], and [[Gujarati cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Who is Bhagirath Bhatt? The Music maestro speculated to enter Bigg Boss 20 as a contestant |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/tv/who-is-bhagirath-bhatt-the-music-maestro-speculated-to-enter-bigg-boss-20-as-a-contestant-article-13823206.html |publisher=[[Network18 Group]]}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bhagirath Bhatt<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/delhi-ncr-haryana/bhagirath-bhatt-performing-garba-on-sitar-tune-applause-in-delhi-program/2689918|title=Bhagirath Bhatt performing Garba on Sitar Tune, applause in Delhi Program|work=www.zeenews.india.com|author=[[Zee News]]}}</ref> was born in [[Jamnagar]], Gujarat, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/gujarati/gujarat/state/surat/navratri-festival-in-australia-with-sitar-artists-bhagirath-bhatt/gj20230816123613959959880|title=Navratri Festival in Australia with Sitar artist Bhagirath Bhatt|work=etvbharat.com|author=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]|date=16 August 2023 }}</ref> He completed his schooling at Shree Satya Sai Vidyalay, [[Jamnagar]], and pursued his higher education at [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]. He is gold medalist from Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, specialisation in [[Sitar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskarhindi.com/other/special-conversation-with-gold-medalist-bhagirath-bhatt-told-about-opaqueness-in-the-field-of-music-1117735|title=Special Conversation with Gold Medalist Bhagirath Bhatt, told about opaqueness in the field of music|work=www.bhaskarhindi.com|author=Bhaskar Hindi|date=3 March 2025 }}</ref> Bhatt trained under renowned gurus, including Shree Chetan Shastri, [[Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan|Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan]], [[Shahid Parvez|Ustad Shahid Parvez]], and [[Asad Ali Khan|Ustad Asad Khan]]. His musical journey was deeply influenced by his father, Pankajkumar Dineshchandra Bhatt, who has been serving as a singer and tabla player in Ramkatha events led by [[Morari Bapu|Pujya Morari Bapu]] for over 45 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who Is Bhagirath Bhatt? ‘Border 2’ and ‘Bandish Bandits’ Sitarist likely to join Bigg Boss 20 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/who-is-bhagirath-bhatt-border-2-and-bandish-bandits-sitarist-likely-to-join-bigg-boss-20/articleshow/128217581.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |date=11 February 2026}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bhagirath Bhatt gained recognition in the Bollywood industry with his contribution to the film [[Padmaavat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/bhagirath-bhatt-who-gave-the-tune-of-sitar-in-heeramandi-padmaavat-3091563.html|title=Meet Bhagirath Bhatt who gave the tune of Sitar in Heeramandi, Padmavat|work=www.tv9hindi.com|author=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh]]|date=31 December 2023 }}</ref> He has since worked on projects such as [[Indian Idol (Hindi TV series)|Indian Idol]], the ghazal album [[Sukoon]] by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[period drama]] television series [[Heeramandi]], the musical web series [[Bandish Bandits]] and [[Kartik Aaryan]]'s [[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]] and many others.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nagar |first1=Abhishek |title=भागीरथ भट्ट ने जब 'वेव्स समिट' में छेड़े सितार के तार, टैलेंट के मुरीद हो गए थे फिल्म स्टार्स |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-waves-summit-2025-musician-bhagirath-bhatt-sitar-performance-won-hearts-ws-kl-9264504.html |publisher=[[Network18 Group]] |language=hi |date=25 May 2025}}</ref> Bhatt has collaborated with several eminent music directors and artists, including [[Pandit Birju Maharaj]], [[A.R. Rahman]], [[Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy]], [[Arijit Singh]], [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Ajay-Atul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/music/bhagirath-bhatt-releases-a-new-track-rudra-naad-exclusive/articleshow/89744767.cms|title=Bhagirath Bhatt releases a new track Rudra Naad|work=www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com|author=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 February 2022 |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref> Bhatt has also contributed to the development of platforms for aspiring sitar players, enabling them to earn through fusion and contemporary performances. He is known for his spiritual music contributions, having performed sitar for Ram Katha, Bhagvat Katha, and Shiv Mahapuran for over a decade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/bhagirath-bhatt-mesmerises-at-rang-de-finland-biggest-holi-musical-fest-2025-955229|title=Bhagirath Bhatt mesmerises at Rang De Finland, biggest Holi Musical Fest 2025|work=www.thehansindia.com|author=The Hans India|date=19 March 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में पहली बार मंडली गरबा: भक्ति और परंपरा का संगम – mobile |url=https://m.punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/mandali-garba-makes-u-s-debut-2181355 |publisher=[[Punjab Kesari]] |date=15 July 2025}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Hollywood ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Title !! Year !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'' || 2024 || Starring [[James Patrick Stuart]]
|-
| ''The American Gandhi'' || 2014 || Created by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]]
|}

=== Bollywood ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Title !! Year !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Padmavat]]'' || 2018 || Directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
|-
| ''[[Malaal]]'' || 2019 || Directed by [[Mangesh Hadawale]]
|-
| ''Hum Do Humare Do'' || 2021 || Starring [[Rajkumar Rao]]
|-
| ''[[Ek Villain Returns]]'' || 2022 || Starring [[Arjun Kapoor]] and [[Tara Sutaria]]
|-
| ''[[Mission Raniganj]]'' || 2023 || Starring [[Akshay Kumar]]
|-
| ''[[Hasal]]'' || Not Known || Starring [[Raghav Juyal]]
|-
| ''[[Safed]]'' || 2023 || Starring [[Abhay Verma]]
|-
| ''[[Sameer]]'' || 2017 || Starring [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]]
|-
| ''[[Tera Kya Hoga Lovely]]'' || 2022 || Starring [[Randeep Hooda]]
|-
| [[Nishaanchi|Nishanchi]] ||2025|| Monika Panwar, Aaishvary Thackeray, Vedika Pinto
|-
| [[Bhagwat: Chapter One – Raakshas|Bhagwat]] ||2025|| [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Jitendra Kumar]], Ayesha Kaduskar
|-
| Gustakh Ishq ||2022|| Banasri Ghoshal
|-
| [[Border 2]] || 2026 || [[Sunny Deol]], [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Diljit Dosanjh]]
|-
| ''[[Loveyapa]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/bhagirath-bhatt-weaves-magic-with-his-sitar-tunes-in-bollywood-films-1750906|title=Bhagirath Bhatt weaves magic with his Sitar tunes in Bollywood film Loveyapa|work=www.abplive.com|author=[[ABP Live]]|date=8 February 2025 |access-date=8 Feb 2025}}</ref> || 2025 || Starring [[Khushi Kapoor]]
|-
| ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]'' || 2022 || Starring [[Babil Khan]] and [[Triptii Dimri]]
|-
| ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'' || 2024 || Starring [[Kartik Aaryan]] and [[Triptii Dimri]]
|}

===Famous album songs===
*Bhoomi 2025 (Pehale Kyun Naa Mile & Tum Jo Kaho)
*[[Coke Studio (Indian TV program)|Coke Studio Bharat]] (Meetha Khaara)
*Ganesh Utsav on Zee5

==== Web Series ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! Notes !! OTT Platform
|-
| ''[[Heera Mandi]]'' || 2024 || Directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] || [[Netflix]]
|-
| ''[[Kota Factory|Kota Factory 2]]'' || 2019 || Starring [[Jitendra Kumar]] || [[Netflix]]
|-
| ''[[Gullak]]'' || 2019 || Starring ''Vaibhav Raj Gupta'' || [[Sony Liv]]
|-
| ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' || 2020 || Music by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] || [[Amazon Prime]]
|-
| ''[[Cubicle]]'' || 2019 || Directed by ''Chaitanya Kumbhakonum'' || [[Sony Liv]]
|-
| ''[[Anupamaa|Anupama]]'' || 2020 || Starring [[Rupali Ganguly]] || [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|-
| ''[[Jubilee]]'' || 2023 || Starring [[Aparshakti Khurana]] || [[Amazon Prime]]
|}

=== TV Shows ===
==== Daily Soap ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! TV Channel
|-
| ''[[Anupamaa|Anupama]]'' || 2020 || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' || Not Known || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| [[Pavitra Rishta]] || Not Known || [[Zee TV]]
|}

==== Reality Shows ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! Notes !! TV Channel
|-
| ''[[Indian Idol]]'' || 2019 || More than 50 episodes after session 11 || [[Sony TV]]
|-
| ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Saregamapa]]'' || Not Known || – || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| ''[[Superstar Singer]]'' || 2019 || Hosted by [[Himesh Reshamiya]] || [[Sony TV]]
|-
| ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' || – || Hosted by [[Amitabh Bachchan]] || [[Sony TV]]
|-
| ''[[MTV Unplugged]]'' || Not Known || – || [[MTV (Indian TV channel)|MTV]]
|-
| ''Naam Reh Jayega'' || 2022 || With [[Arijit Singh]] Tribute to [[Lata Mangeshkar]] Ji on [[Hotstar]] ||[[MTV (Indian TV channel)|MTV]]
|}

=== Gujarati films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Hellaro]]'' || 2019 || Directed by [[Abhishek Shah]]
|-
| ''[[Kasoombo]]'' || 2024 || Directed by [[Vijaygiri Bava]]
|-
| ''[[Naadi Dosh]]'' || 2022 || Directed by [[Krishnadev Yagnik]]
|-
| ''[[Kehvatlal Parivar]]'' || 2022 || Directed by [[Vipul Mehta (director)|Vipul Mehta]]
|-
| ''Vanilla Ice Cream'' || 2024 || Starring [[Malhar Thakar]]
|-
| ''[[Fakt Purusho Maate]]'' || 2024 || Starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Darshan Jariwala]]
|-
| ''Saiyar Mori Re'' || 2022 || Directed by ''Vishal Vada Vala''
|-
| ''[[Udan Chhoo]]'' || 2024 || Starring [[Aarohi Patel]] & [[Deven Bhojani]]
|-
| ''[[Luv Ni Love Storys]]'' || 2020 || Starring [[Pratik Gandhi]]
|-
| [[Bachu Ni Benpani]] ||2025 || Shah Devarshi, Siddharth Randeria, Yukti Randeria
|-
| [[Laalo – Krishna Sada Sahaayate|Laalo]] || 2025 || Karan Joshi, Reeva Rachh, Shruhad Goswami
|-
| Aavaa De ||2025 || Parikshit Tamaliya, Kumpal Patel, Hemant Kher
|-
| ''[[Umbarro]]'' || 2025 || Starring [[Deeksha Joshi]]
|}

=== Marathi films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Gadad Andhar]]'' || 2023 || Starring [[Neha Mahajan]] & ''Jay Dudhane''
|-
| ''[[Maharashtra Shahir]]'' || 2023 || Directed by [[Kedar Shinde]]
|-
| ''[[Sangeet Manapmaan]]'' || 2025 || Directed by [[Subodh Bhave]]
|}

=== South films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Paris Paris]]'' || 2017 || Starring [[Kajal Aggarwal]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Indian Classical Music]]
* [[Sitar]]
* [[Hindi film music|Bollywood Music]]

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|13153716}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/c/BhagirathBhatt Bhagirath Bhatt on YouTube]
* {{MusicBrainz artist|e2fc4417-192d-44df-80f6-ae7dd85e70ae|name=Bhagirath Bhatt}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatt, Bhagirath}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:Indian composers]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian classical musicians]]
[[Category:Indian percussionists]]
[[Category:Indian music arrangers]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century composers]]

Kamal Khan Gakhar

2026-02-23T02:45:22Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{Short description|Sultan of Pothohar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Kamal Khan Gakhar {{Nastaliq|کمال خان گکھڑ}}
| image = Kamal Khan Ghakkar defeats Sultan Adam Ghakkar.jpg
| image_size = 130px
| caption = Kamal Khan defeats Sultan Adam Khan Gakhar to take the throne
| reign = 1555 – 1566
| burial_place =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| death_date = 1566
| death_place =
| predecessor = Adam Khan Gakhar
| successor = Said Khan Gakhar
| father = [[Sultan Sarang Khan Ghakkar|Sarang Gakhar]]
| birth_place =
| full name = Kamal Gakhar putr Sarang Gakhar {{Nastaliq|کمال گکھڑ پتر سارنگ گکھڑ}}
| succession = [[List of rulers of Pothohar plateau|Sultan of Pothohar]]
| title = [[Sardar|Sardār]]
}}
'''Kamal Khan Gakhar''' ({{langx|pnb|{{nq|کمال خان گکھڑ}}}}) was a chief of the [[Gakhars]] and a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal general]] in the 16th century. He assumed the [[List of rulers of Pothohar plateau|throne of the Pothohar Plateau]] by defeating his uncle Adam Khan in battle with help of the Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]], his father was [[Sultan Sarang Khan Ghakkar|Sarang Khan]] who was famous for resisting the [[Sur Empire|Suris]], losing his life in the struggle.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Awrangābādī |first=Shāhnavāz Khān |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46908/page/n780/mode/1up |title=The Maāt̲h̲ir-ul-umarā: Being Biographies of the Muḥammadan and Hindu Officers of the Timurid Sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D. |date=1979 |publisher=Janaki Prakashan |volume =I |pages=758–760 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Surinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVA0JAzQJkYC&dq=kamal+khan+gakkhar&pg=PA92 |title=Popular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South Asia |last2=Gaur |first2=I. D. |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1358-7 |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Parvati |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1W_EAAAQBAJ&dq=kamal+khan+gakkhar&pg=PA100 |title=A Lamp for the Dark World: Akbar, India's Greatest Mughal |date=2023-05-15 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-7790-7 |pages=100–101 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==
Kamal Khan belonged to the ruling family of the Gakhars, a powerful hill tribe inhabiting the region between the Jhelum and Indus rivers, extending into the folds of the [[Salt Range]] and the lower Himalayan foothills. The Gakhars dominated this tract, and contemporary sources state that other groups in the region including Khattars, [[Janjua]], Awans, Chibh, Bhugiyal, and related communities were subject to their authority.

He was the son of [[Sultan Sarang]], a [[Gakhars|Gakhar]] chief noted for his resistance to the Sur rulers. Sultan Sarang was the younger brother of Sultan Adam, and both were sons of Tatar, who had earlier headed the Gakhar tribe. After Tatar's death, Sultan Sarang initially obtained the chiefship, while Sultan Adam later emerged as his principal rival.<ref name=":0" />

== Conflict with the Sur Empire and imprisonment ==
During the reign of the Sur rulers, Sultan Sarang engaged in repeated conflicts with [[Sher Shah Suri]] and later [[Islam Shah Suri|Salim Shah Suri]], fighting with persistence and inflicting losses on Afghan forces. Sher Shah, seeking to curb Gakhar resistance, founded the [[Rohtas Fort]], intended to control the Gakhar country. Eventually, Sultan Sarang was captured and put to death.

Following his father's execution, Kamal Khan was imprisoned in the fort of Gwalior. Contemporary narratives state that despite his imprisonment, the Sur rulers failed to bring the Gakhar territory under full control, and the chiefship passed to Sultan Adam. Mughal chronicles record a dramatic episode during Kamal Khan's confinement in which Salim Shah allegedly ordered prisoners in [[Gwalior Fort]] to be killed by detonating gunpowder beneath the prison. According to the account, the explosion destroyed the structure and killed its inmates, but Kamal Khan survived unharmed in a corner of the prison. The source attributes his survival to divine protection and states that, upon hearing of this, Salim Shah released him after administering oaths. This episode is reported as part of the narrative tradition of the period.<ref name=":0" />

== Return to Gakhar territory ==
After his release, Kamal Khan returned to his homeland. However, his uncle Sultan Adam had consolidated authority, and Kamal Khan, along with his brother Saʿid Khan, lived in a state of outward submission while awaiting an opportunity to reassert his claim.<ref name=":0" />

== Service under Akbar ==
At the beginning of [[Emperor Akbar]]'s reign, Kamal Khan travelled to [[Jalandhar]] and entered Mughal service, where he was appointed as an officer. He took part in imperial campaigns, including [[Second Battle of Panipat|operations connected with the defeat of Hemu]] and [[Siege of Mankot (1557)|engagements at Mankot]], and earned favour through his conduct in battle.

In the third regnal year of Akbar, Kamal Khan was dispatched with a suitable force to suppress disturbances caused by the Miyana Afghans in Sironj, in the province of Malwa. He successfully carried out this assignment and was rewarded with jagirs, including the towns of [[Kara-Manikpur|Karra]] and Fatehpur Hanswa. In the sixth regnal year, he participated in a campaign against a rival claimant raised by Afghan elements, fighting alongside imperial commanders. Chroniclers note that Akbar praised his performance and expressed his intention to reward him further. <ref name=":0" />

== Conflict with Sultan Adam and restoration of chiefship ==
In 970 AH (1562 to 1563 CE) Kamal Khan appeared at the Mughal court and petitioned for the restoration of his father's lands, which he claimed had been unlawfully seized by his uncle [[Adam Khan Gakhar|Sultan Adam]]. Akbar responded by ordering the Mughal officers in [[Punjab]] to divide the Gakhar territory into two portions, one for Sultan Adam and the other for Kamal Khan, and to punish any refusal to comply.

Sultan Adam and his son Lashkari Khan Ghakar, who managed his affairs, rejected the imperial order. As a result, Mughal forces, accompanied by Kamal Khan, entered the Gakhar territory and fought a major engagement at the township of Hilan. Sultan Adam was captured, while Lashkari fled towards the hills of Kashmir before also being taken prisoner.

Following this campaign, the entire Gakhar territory, long noted for its resistance to outside rulers, was subdued and placed under Kamal Khan’s control. Lashkari was executed, while Sultan Adam was kept in confinement until his death.<ref name=":0" />

== Rank and death ==
According to the ''[[Akbarnama]]'' and related Mughal records, Kamal Khan attained a mansab of six thousand, marking him as a high ranking noble of the empire. The same sources state that he died in 970 AH (1562 to 1563 CE), the very year in which he achieved his final success and restoration. Some uncertainty surrounds the precise circumstances of his death, and Mughal chroniclers themselves note the limits of certainty regarding the events of his final year.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Mughal generals]]
[[Category:Gakhar dynasty]]
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:1566 deaths]]
{{India-mil-bio-stub}}

Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary

2026-02-22T23:55:51Z

All Singers Music Production: Starting a stub w/ sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| image = Waterfowls in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary JEG3092.jpg
| image_caption = View of Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
| map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| nearest_city = [[Thanjavur]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10|58|13|N|79|02|29|E|display=inline,title}}
| area = 4.54 km²
| established = April, 1989
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Government of India]]
| website =
}}

The '''Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary''' is a {{convert|4.537|km2|adj=on}} protected area and [[Ramsar site]], located in the [[Ariyalur District]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The sanctuary is about {{Convert|25|km}} from [[Thanjavur]] and about {{Convert|21|km}} from [[Ariyalur]]. This freshwater lake is fed by Pullambadi, Kattalal canal and attracts thousands of birds every year. This lake was declared as a sanctuary in 1999<ref>{{Cite web|title=KARAIVETTI BIRD SANCTUARY {{!}} Ariyalur District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} Land of Cements {{!}} India|url=https://ariyalur.nic.in/tourist-place/karaivetti-bird-sanctuary/|access-date=2021-09-05|language=en-US}}</ref> by the Government of Tamil Nadu and in 2024, it became a Ramsar site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-01-31 |title=Five more Indian wetlands added to Ramsar list |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/five-more-indian-wetlands-added-to-ramsar-list/article67795594.ece |access-date=2024-03-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> About 200 birds are species recorded from this sanctuary.<ref>Relton, A. & A.Moses (1997). Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary – A Paradise of waterfowls near Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. J. Ecobiol. 9(1):75-76.</ref><ref name="auto1">Gokula, V., 2013. Avifauna of Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India. Zoos’ Print 28: 23–29</ref> Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary is one of the Important Bird Areas (IBA's) of Tamil Nadu (Code No. IN268, Criteria: A1, A4i, A4iii).<ref name="auto">Islam, M.Z. & A.R. Rahmani (2004). Important Bird Areas in India: Priority sites for conservation. Indian Bird Conservation Network: Bombay Natural History Society and Birdlife International (UK).Pp.xviii+1133</ref><ref name="auto3">BirdLife International (2017) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Karaivetti Wildlife Sanctuary. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/06/2017.</ref>

Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary is home to migratory birds such as [[bar-headed goose]], [[Northern pintail]], [[white stork]], [[Northern shoveler]], [[Garganey]], [[blue-winged teal]], [[osprey]] and [[common sandpiper]].<ref>Relton, A.;Gelderloos, O.;Linda, 1997. Osprey in Karaivetti Lake near Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 37: (4) 68.</ref><ref name="auto1"/>

The sanctuary is a large irrigation tank located in the northern alluvial plains of the [[Kaveri|Kaveri river]]. It is fed during the [[Monsoon|northeast monsoons]] by the Pullambadi canal. It is also referred to together with another nearby tank and called Vettakudi-Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary.<ref name="auto2">Subramanya, S. 2006. Heronries of Tamil Nadu. Indian Birds. 1: (6) 126–140 (2005)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamilnadu-favtourism.blogspot.com/2015/10/karaivetti-bird-sanctuary-ariyalur.html|title=Tamilnadu Tourism: Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Ariyalur|date=1 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto3"/> Farm lands especially paddy, sugarcane, cotton, castor and maize are surrounded by this lake and irrigated from this lake. [[Acacia nilotica]] planted inside the lake is serving as a major nesting site for birds.<ref name="auto2"/>

During winter, the total number of birds recorded is between 20,000 and 60,000, mostly Anatidae.<ref name="auto"/> Globally threatened species such as [[Greater Spotted Eagle]], [[Oriental Darter]], [[Black-headed ibis]] and [[Spot-billed Pelican]] were reported in this site <ref>Relton, A. (1998) Threatened birds of Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Tiruchirapalli-Tamil Nadu. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 38: 21- 22.</ref><ref>Santhakumar, B.;Ali, A. Mohamed Samsoor;Arun, P. R. 2016. Status of Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga in Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry, India. Indian BIRDS. 11: (3) 71–74. http://indianbirds.in/pdfs/IB_11_3_SanathkumarETAL_GreaterSpottedEagle.pdf</ref>
Karaivetti is one of the important active [[Heronry|heronries]] in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="auto2"/> [[Spot-billed Pelican]], [[Black-headed ibis]], [[Painted Stork]], [[Oriental Darter]], [[Eurasian Spoonbill]] are some of the birds species breeding in this sanctuary<ref>Gokula, V. 2011. Breeding biology of the Spot-billed Pelican ( Pelecanus philippensis ) in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India. Chinese Birds. 2: (2) 101–108.</ref><ref name="auto1"/>

Other fauna inhabit this region are [[Golden Jackal]], [[Black-naped hare]], [[Indian grey mongoose]] and nearly 15 species of fish were reported <ref>Islam, M.Z. & A.R. Rahmani (2004). Important Bird Areas in India: Priority sites for conservation. Indian Bird Conservation Network: Bombay Natural History Society and Birdlife International (UK).Pp.xviii+1133</ref>
Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary attracts birdwatchers mainly during the winter season. Interpretation centre explaining the importance of the wetland and waterfowl of this sanctuary was established and opened for public in 2015.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/interpretation-centre-near-ariyalur-coming-up/article8181254.ece | title= Interpretation Centre near Ariyalur coming up | date=2 February 2016 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| accessdate=6 July 2020}}</ref>

The Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary had been declared as a Ramsar site - A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention,[1] also known as "The Convention on Wetlands", an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources.[1] Ramsar identifies wetlands of international importance, especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://ibcn.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Tamil-Nadu.pdf
* https://www.forests.tn.gov.in/pages/view/karaivetti_bs
* http://tamilnadu-favtourism.blogspot.in/2015/10/karaivetti-bird-sanctuary-ariyalur.html
* https://ebird.org/ebird/hotspot/L1114340

{{Commons category|Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary|position=left}}

==Gallery==

<gallery>
File:Bar headed geese Anser indicus in flight in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary JEG3183.jpg|Bar headed geese (''Anser indicus'') in flight in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
File:Birdwatchers in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary JEG3035.jpg|Birdwatchers in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
File:Board saying Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary photographed in 2014 IMG 0782.jpg|Board saying Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
File:Interpretation Centre at Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary JEG3189.jpg|Interpretation Centre at Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
File:Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga from Karaivetti Birds Sanctuary JEG3095.jpg|Greater Spotted Eagle (''Clanga clanga'') from Karaivetti Birds Sanctuary
File:Common Buzzard Buteo buteo vulpinus in flight from Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary IMG 0775.jpg|Common Buzzard (''Buteo buteo vulpinus'') in flight from Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
File:Cormorants and waterfowls in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary JEG3094.jpg|Cormorants and waterfowls in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
</gallery>{{Protected areas of Tamil Nadu}}
[[Category:Bird sanctuaries of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1989]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in India]]

Zainab Khatoon

2026-02-20T22:17:33Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up The Entry V1

{{short description|Indian para powerlifter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Zainab Khatoon''' (born 1997) is an Indian para-power lifter from Uttar Pradesh. She was part of the [[India at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Indian para team]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-10-21 |title=India at Asian Para Games 2023: Full list of Indian athletes |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/asian-games/india-at-asian-para-games-2023-complete-list-of-indian-athletes-china-hangzhou-2022-news/article67445414.ece |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> and won a silver medal at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] at [[Hangzhou]], [[China]] in the women's 61 kg power lifting events.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Metro |first=Hindustan |date=2023-10-25 |title=Women Powerlifter Zainab Khatoon bags a silver medal and Rajkumari wins a bronze at Asia Para Games 2023; making the nation and their coach proud |url=https://www.hindustanmetro.com/women-powerlifter-zainab-khatoon-bags-a-silver-medal-and-rajkumari-wins-a-bronze-at-asia-para-games-2023-making-the-nation-and-their-coach-proud/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=www.hindustanmetro.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] congratulated her on winning the silver medal and also tweeted it, like he did for all Asiad medal winners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM celebrates Silver Medal by Zainab Khatoon in Women's Para Powerlifting 61 kgs event in Asian Para Games 2022 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1971033 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Khatoon hails from Sahu Nagla, in [[Meerut]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2023-10-27 |title=Partially paralysed at 6, Meerut mason's daughter bags Silver at Asian Para Games |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/partially-paralysed-at-6-meerut-masons-daughter-bags-silver-at-asian-para-games/articleshow/104748092.cms |access-date=2024-01-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She is the daughter of a Meerut-based mason, Mohammed Adil.<ref name=":2" /> When she was six, she suffered partial paralysis after she was administered an injection, and she could not walk thereafter. But her father supported her and she completed her Bachelor of Arts degree. She underwent six operations in [[Delhi]] and [[Rajasthan]]<ref name=":2" /> but had to put up with her loss. On the suggestion of her class teacher in school, she took up power-lifting. For two years she walked to the bus stop on her crutches and took a bus to the Kailash Prakash Stadium,<ref name=":2" /> where she practiced and finally her hard work paid off when she was selected to represent India. She trained under coach Tanvir Logani before the Asian Para Games.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Baraneetharan |date=2023-11-07 |title="Making the nation proud is a different feeling altogether" - Zainab Khatoon elates in joy after winning a silver at the Asian Para Games |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/news-making-nation-proud-different-feeling-altogether-zainab-khatoon-elated-winning-silver-asian-para-games-exclusive |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

== Career ==
On 25 October 2023, she won a silver medal at the 2022 Asian Para Games in the 61 kg power lifting event.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Rohit |title=Mason's daughter Zainab Khatoon becomes household name after clinching Asian Para Games silver in powerlifting |url=https://khelnow.com/asian-games/2023-11-asian-para-games-2023-zainab-khatoon-silver-powerlifting |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Khel Now |language=English}}</ref> In 2022 she won a bronze medal at the Fazza Championships in [[Dubai]] that booked her a place in the Asian Powerlifting Championships.<ref name=":0" /> In the same year, she bagged a 7th place in the World Championship also in Dubai.<ref name=":2" /> Earlier in 2021, she won gold medal in both the state and National Powerlifting Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Para Games: Powerlifters Zainab Khatun, Rajkumari Secure Silver, Bronze On Debut {{!}} Weightlifting News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/weightlifting/asian-para-games-powerlifting-athletes-zainab-rajkumari-secure-silver-and-bronze-on-debut-4514603 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khatoon, Zainab}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian powerlifters]]
[[Category:Female powerlifters]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Powerlifters at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]

N. Srinivasan

2026-02-12T06:02:04Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{short description|Indian industrialist and cricket administrator}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Indian name|Srinivasan|Narayanaswami}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = N. Srinivasan
| birth_name = Narayanaswami Srinivasan
| caption = Artist N.Srinivasan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1945|01|03}}
| birth_place = [[Kallidaikurichi]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| office = 1st [[Chairman of the International Cricket Council]]
| term_start1 = 26 June 2014
| term_end1 = 22 November 2015
| predecessor1 = ''Position Established''
| successor1 = [[Shashank Manohar]]
| nationality = [[Demographics of India|Indian]]
| education = BSc (Tech), MSc.IT
| alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai]] [[Illinois Institute of Technology]]
| occupation = MD of [[Indian Cements]] Limited
| office8 = President of Tamil Nadu Cricket Association<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/886639.html|title = Srinivasan re-elected TNCA president}}</ref>
| term_start8 = 2002
| term_end8 = 2017
| predecessor8 = [[A. C. Muthiah]]
| successor8 = [[Rupa Gurunath]]
| office2 = 30th [[List of presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India|President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India]]
| term_start2 = 19 September 2011
| term_end2 = 2013
| predecessor2 = [[Shashank Manohar]]
| successor2 = [[Jagmohan Dalmiya]]
| office3 = [[List of presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India|Secretary of BCCI]]
| term_start3 = 25 September 2008
| term_end3 = 19 September 2011
| predecessor3 = Niranjan S. Shah
| successor3 = Sanjay Jagdale
| president3 = [[Shashank Manohar]]
| residence = [[Chennai]]
| spouse = Chitra
| children = Ashwin<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pawar |first1=Yogesh |title=Dad forcing me to marry woman for lineage: N Srinivasan's gay son |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-dad-forcing-me-to-marry-woman-for-lineage-n-srinivasan-s-gay-son-2082927 |website=DNA India |access-date=4 May 2015 |language=en |date=4 May 2015}}</ref> [[Rupa Gurunath|Rupa]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/gurunath-meiyappan-always-had-links-with-bookies-of-chennai-dubai-reveals-n-srinivasan-s-son_761888.html |title=Gurunath Meiyappan always had links with bookies of Chennai, Dubai, reveals N Srinivasan's son |first= Yogesh |last=Pawar |work=zeenews.india.com |year=2013 |access-date=30 May 2013}}</ref>
| parents = T. S. Narayanaswami
}}

'''Narayanaswami Srinivasan''' (born 3 January 1945)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narayanaswami Srinivasan Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/narayanaswami-srinivasan-479090 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084816/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/narayanaswami-srinivasan-479090 |archive-date=2023-02-13 |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiacements.co.in/areports/izl.pdf|title=India Cements}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> is an Indian [[industrialist]] and former cricket administrator. He was the [[Chairman of the International Cricket Council|Chairman]] of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) and the [[List of presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India|President]] of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]], the governing body for [[cricket]] in India. He is also the owner and managing director of the firm [[India Cements]], and is the owner of [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) team [[Chennai Super Kings]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=IPL 2022: Chennai Super Kings owner N Srinivasan has his say on Jadeja handing over CSK captaincy back to MS Dhoni |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-chennai-super-kings-owner-n-srinivasan-has-his-say-on-jadeja-handing-over-csk-captaincy-back-to-ms-dhoni-101651406611123.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501123211/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-chennai-super-kings-owner-n-srinivasan-has-his-say-on-jadeja-handing-over-csk-captaincy-back-to-ms-dhoni-101651406611123.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |access-date=2023-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vice Chairman & MD - Leading Cement Companies {{!}} Cements Manufacturers, Supplier in India |url=https://www.indiacements.co.in/vice-chairman-profile.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517204801/https://www.indiacements.co.in/vice-chairman-profile.html |archive-date=2024-05-17 |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=[[India Cements]] |publisher=}}</ref>

Srinivasan was investigated regarding several scams, including betting on IPL cricket matches; his son-in-law [[Gurunath Meiyappan]] has been indicted for passing IPL information to bookies.<ref>
{{cite news
| title = BCCI chief Srinivasan's son Meiyappan involved in betting: Report in SC
| agency = Press Trust of India
| work = The Times of India
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/fixing-hits-ipl/news/BCCI-chief-Srinivasans-son-in-law-Meiyappan-involved-in-betting-Report-in-SC/articleshow/30155841.cms
| date = 10 February 2014
}} a major embarrassment to BCCI president N Srinivasan, his son-in-law Gurunath Meiyappan's role in CSK as team official... "the allegations of betting and passing of information against Meiyappan stand proved," a report of the three-member
committee headed by former Punjab and Haryana Chief Justice Mukul Mudgal said.</ref><ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Alok |date=2013-05-25 |title=Meiyappan placed heavy bets on IPL matches |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/ipl2013/meiyappan-placed-heavy-bets-on-ipl-matches-say-mumbai-police/article4749583.ece?homepage=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429121647/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/ipl2013/meiyappan-placed-heavy-bets-on-ipl-matches-say-mumbai-police/article4749583.ece |archive-date=2014-04-29 |access-date=2024-05-18 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> He was also investigated for corruption involving politician [[Jagan Mohan Reddy]].<ref name=":0">
{{cite news |author=Reddy |first=U. Sudhakar |date=26 May 2013 |title=Srinivasan must be arrested in Jagan scam: Legal experts |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130526/sports-cricket/article/srini-must-be-arrested-jagan-scam-legal-experts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609181950/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130526/sports-cricket/article/srini-must-be-arrested-jagan-scam-legal-experts |archive-date=2013-06-09 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2010-05-01 |title=ICL, Dalmia exit Bharathi Cements |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ICL-Dalmia-exit-Bharathi-Cements/articleshow/5879150.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017124932/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ICL-Dalmia-exit-Bharathi-Cements/articleshow/5879150.cms |archive-date=2010-10-17 |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In March 2014, the [[Supreme Court of India]] ordered him to quit as BCCI president to facilitate investigations into the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] betting scam.<ref name=SC>
{{cite news| title=SC gives BCCI an ultimatum: Srinivasan should quit or we will pass a verdict|author =Utkarsh Anand|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/sc-bcci-srinivasan/|date=26 March 2014}}
Justices A K Patnaik and FMI Kalifulla:
"unless the President of the BCCI steps down, no fair decision can be taken. Why is Mr Srinivasan sticking to his chair? It is nauseating... Srinivasan should step down else we will pass a verdict,"</ref>

On 26 June 2016, he was re-elected president of [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association]], during their 86th annual general meeting in [[Chennai]]. He was elected unopposed.<ref>{{cite web |date=2016-06-26 |title=Srinivasan re-elected TNCA president, again |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1029673.html |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627134834/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1029673.html |archive-date=2016-06-27 |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Srinivasan was born at [[Kallidaikurichi]], [[Tirunelveli district]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Srinivasan |url=http://indiaopines.com/who-is-srinivasan/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806013400/http://indiaopines.com/who-is-srinivasan/ |archive-date=2013-08-06 |access-date=2024-05-18}}</ref> He is the son of T. S. Narayanaswami, one of the first employees of India Cements. He did his schooling in [[Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leena |first=S. Bridget |last2=Ramanathan |first2=Arundhati |last3=Malik |first3=Aman |date=2013-05-28 |title=N. Srinivasan’s controversial innings at BCCI |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/BYMBx2uEZyqtp8zEHxG56K/N-Srinivasans-controversial-innings-at-BCCI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607041035/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/BYMBx2uEZyqtp8zEHxG56K/N-Srinivasans-controversial-innings-at-BCCI.html |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Live Mint]]}}</ref> He holds a [[Bachelor of Science]] from [[Loyola College, Chennai]] and Master of Science degree in chemical engineering from the [[Illinois Institute of Technology]], [[Chicago]], United States.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2012-05-07 |orig-date=2012-05-05 |title=Who is N Srinivasan? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/people/who-is-n-srinivasan-480849 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402062900/http://www.ndtv.com/people/who-is-n-srinivasan-480849 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

==Sports administration==
Srinivasan was introduced to cricket administration by former BCCI president [[A. C. Muthiah]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Krishna Kanta |date=2013-05-06 |title=It was a huge mistake to bring Srinivasan into administration: AC Muthiah |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/fixing-hits-ipl-6/news/It-was-a-huge-mistake-to-bring-Srinivasan-into-administration-AC-Muthiah/articleshow/20267167.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517205606/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/it-was-a-huge-mistake-to-bring-srinivasan-into-administration-ac-muthiah/articleshow/20267167.cms |archive-date=2024-05-17 |access-date=2013-05-30 |work=[[The Times of India]] |quote=Former BCCI president AC Muthiah, who first recommended present BCCI chief Srinivasan for the post of Tamil Nadu Cricket Association president years ago, has admitted to having made "a huge mistake" in bringing N Srinivasan into cricket administration}}</ref> He was the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India#Secretary|Secretary of the BCCI]] before becoming the president, taking over the reins from Shashank Manohar, in 2011. He was succeeded by [[Jagmohan Dalmiya]] in 2014. His company India Cements owns [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) franchise team [[Chennai Super Kings]] and he is the president of the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association (TNCA).<ref>{{cite news |date=2012-06-21 |title=Srinivasan re-elected TNCA chief |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/article3555345.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623172258/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/article3555345.ece |archive-date=2012-06-23 |access-date=2012-06-22 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Srinivasan is also the president of the Tamil Nadu Golf Federation and former president of the [[All India Chess Federation]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Profile of Shri.N.Srinivasan |url=http://www.indiacements.co.in/srinivsanPro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504215930/http://www.indiacements.co.in/srinivsanPro.htm |archive-date=2006-05-04 |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=[[India Cements]]}}</ref> He was elected as president of the [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association]](TNCA) for the 14th consecutive time at its 85th Annual General Meeting in Chennai, on 12 June 2015. He is heading the TNCA since 2002–03, when he ended the reign of former BCCI president [[A. C. Muthiah|A.C. Muthiah]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-12 |title=Srinivasan unanimously re-elected TNCA president |url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/srinivasan-unanimously-re-elected-tnca-president/20150612.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612204202/http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/srinivasan-unanimously-re-elected-tnca-president/20150612.htm |archive-date=2015-06-12 |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Srinivasan became the first [[Chairman of the International Cricket Council|chairman]] of the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] On 26 June 2014.<ref>{{cite news |date=2014-06-26 |title=Srinivasan takes over as chairman of ICC |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cricket-icc-srinivasan-bcci-idINKBN0F10EA20140626/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027175220/https://www.reuters.com/?edition-redirect=in |archive-date=2023-10-27 |access-date=2015-06-27 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On 9 November 2015, he was removed as ICC chairman.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/251488-n-srinivasan-removed-as-international-cricket-council-chairman-bcci-president-shashank-manohar-to-fill-in |title=N. Srinivasan Removed as International Cricket Council Chairman, BCCI President Shashank Manohar to Fill in - Cricket News |access-date=9 November 2015 |archive-date=10 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110012951/http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/251488-n-srinivasan-removed-as-international-cricket-council-chairman-bcci-president-shashank-manohar-to-fill-in |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Corporate career ==
Srinivasan took over as vice-chairman and managing director of [[India Cements]] in 1989. He made a hostile attempt to takeover Andhra Pradesh based Raasi Cements in 90's and merged it with India Cements. The Rs 380-crore deal was one of the biggest ever acquisitions in Indian corporate history, and the first successful hostile takeover. By spending about 500 crores in total, he was able to get a greenfield plant that would have cost him about 1000 crores. Later, he made a bid for Yerraguntla plant of government-owned [[Cement Corporation of India]] (CCI) and annexed it to India Cements. He managed to beat [[Ambuja Cements|Gujarat Ambuja]] (now Ambuja Cements), the other bidder, at the post because of the tacit support he got from the ministers in the central government at that time.<ref>{{cite web |last=Panneerselvan |first=A. S. |title=Melting Cement |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205407 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030123803/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205407 |archive-date=2010-10-30 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=Outlook India}}</ref>

He served as the president of the Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry from 1996 to 1998 and is a member of the executive committee of [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] (FICCI). Between 1991 and 2006, he was the president of the Cement Manufacturers' Association for five terms and chairman of the board of Governors of the National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCCBM) for four terms between 1991 and 2006. He was also the chairman of Development Council for Cement Industry (DCCI) constituted by the Government of India for two terms from 1992 to 1996. He was also the president of The Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MCCI) for two terms between 1996 and 1998. In 2000–2001, he was president of the All India Organisation of Employers. He was also a member of the Prime Minister's Council of Trade and Industry (1996–2001). He was the [[Sheriff of Madras]] for two terms during the period 1989 to 1991.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Mehrotra |first=Akarsh |date=2015-03-15 |title=Here are 10 Lesser Known Facts About The Highly Controversial ICC President N Srinivasan |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/sports/icc-contro-srinivasan/#.mlskjlg9n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401193855/http://www.scoopwhoop.com/sports/icc-contro-srinivasan#.mlskjlg9n |archive-date=2015-04-01 |access-date=2017-06-25 |website=Scoopwhoop |publisher=}}</ref>

==Controversies==

=== Changing regulations for personal benefits ===
The BCCI had a regulation Clause 6.2.4 stated that "no administrator of BCCI could have had, directly or indirectly, any commercial interest in the matches or events conducted by the cricket board". Later, after the start of IPL in 2008, the clause was amended to give unfavorable benefit to BCCI members such that they can own stakes in the IPL, the [[ICC Champions Trophy]] and other [[Twenty20|T20]] matches. N. Srinivasan became the owner of [[Chennai Super Kings]] (CSK) after this rule was changed. This clause was later brought by the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/spot-fixing-hits-ipl-6/news/BCCI-top-brass-feels-fixing-heat/articleshow/20237021.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110172719/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/news/39502518_1_bcci-treasurer-bcci-president-clause-6-2-4|url-status=live|archive-date=10 November 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|title = BCCI top brass feels fixing heat|date=24 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-17 |title=Conflict of interest and clause 6.2.4 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2011/Oct/16/conflict-of-interest-and-clause-624-300728.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517200347/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2011/Oct/16/conflict-of-interest-and-clause-624-300728.html |archive-date=2024-05-17 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=Amrut |url=https://www.gamechangerlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Amrut_-Aditya_-Vishnupriya-_-Mahit-WSLR-June-2015.pdf |title=The N. Srinivasan case and ‘conflict of interest’ in sport |last2=Shamlal |first2=Aditya |last3=Sainath |first3=Vishnupriya |last4=Anand |first4=Mahit |publisher=World Sports Law Report |date=June 2015 |pages=9–11 |access-date=2024-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517200500/https://www.gamechangerlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Amrut_-Aditya_-Vishnupriya-_-Mahit-WSLR-June-2015.pdf |archive-date=2024-05-17 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-12-16 |title=Supreme Court rejects BCCI's curative plea on conflict of interest issue |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/supreme-court-rejects-bccis-curative-plea-on-conflict-of-interest-issue/articleshow/56022770.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217053721/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/supreme-court-rejects-bccis-curative-plea-on-conflict-of-interest-issue/articleshow/56022770.cms |archive-date=2016-12-17 |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Betting and abuse of power ===
{{Further|2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case|Lodha Committee}}

In 2013, under the massive [[2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case|Indian Premier League Spot fixing controversy]], N. Srinivasan's son-in-law and CSK team principal [[Gurunath Meiyappan]] was arrested by Mumbai Police under the involvement in heavy betting and trading of inside information to bookies.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> Despite media and national outrage asking for his resignation, he remained defiant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malik |first=Surabhi |date=2013-05-29 |title=IPL controversy: N Srinivasan, BCCI chief, defies advice to stay away while probe is on |url=https://www.ndtv.com/cheat-sheet/ipl-controversy-n-srinivasan-bcci-chief-defies-advice-to-stay-away-while-probe-is-on-523673 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529194441/http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/ipl-controversy-n-srinivasan-bcci-chief-defies-advice-to-stay-away-while-probe-is-on-372650 |archive-date=2013-05-29 |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> But ultimately, he stepped aside on 2 June 2013 and appointed [[Jagmohan Dalmiya]] as the interim president. On 27 September, [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] restrained him from holding the post of [[Board of Cricket Control in India|BCCI]] President until its further orders.<ref>{{cite web|title=Apex Court restrains N Srinivasan from being President of BCCI|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/apex-court-restrains-n-srinivasan-from-being-president-of-bcci/|access-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> On 8 October 2013 Supreme Court allowed N. Srinivasan to take charge as BCCI president.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lisa |first=Mona |last2=Narayan |first2=Khushboo |date=2013-10-08 |title=Supreme Court allows N. Srinivasan to take charge as BCCI president |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/j8onIyRbOUHcOmpwfmxSOL/Supreme-Court-allows-N-Srinivasan-to-take-charge-as-preside.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010055603/http://www.livemint.com/Companies/j8onIyRbOUHcOmpwfmxSOL/Supreme-Court-allows-N-Srinivasan-to-take-charge-as-preside.html |archive-date=2013-10-10 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Live Mint]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Manisha |first=Jha |last2=Pani |first2=Priyanka |date=2013-05-13 |title=IPL issues won’t hurt India Cements’ profitability, assures MD |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/ipl-issues-wont-hurt-india-cements-profitability-assures-md/article23100282.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023054356/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/ipl-issues-wont-hurt-india-cements-profitability-assures-md/article23100282.ece |archive-date=2020-10-23 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=[[The Hindu Business Line]]}}</ref>

As the president of BCCI he had controversial [[Conflict of interest|conflicting relations]] with [[Mahendra singh Dhoni|Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], who was then captain of both the [[India national cricket team|Indian Men's Cricket Team]] and his IPL Franchise [[Chennai Super Kings|CSK]]. Srinivasan had and still has lots of conflicts of interests. He was at one point in time, the president of BCCI, the owner of CSK, a team in IPL, and also the owner of [[India Cements|India cements]], a firm in which he had appointed Dhoni as a vice-president. He also used his personal influence and power to halt Dhoni's being removed from captaincy, by interfering in what is supposed to be an independent decision of the [[India national cricket team selectors|national selectors]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-02-01 |title=Mahendra Singh Dhoni named India Cements vice-president |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mahendra-singh-dhoni-named-india-cements-vice-president/articleshow/18289774.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118161954/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mahendra-singh-dhoni-named-india-cements-vice-president/articleshow/18289774.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2022-11-18 |access-date=2023-07-01 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-12-12 |title=Five selectors wanted to sack MS Dhoni but BCCI chief Srinivasan prevented it: Mohinder Amarnath |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/five-selectors-wanted-to-sack-ms-dhoni-but-bcci-chief-srinivasan-prevented-it-mohinder-amarnath/articleshow/17586651.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702035833/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/five-selectors-wanted-to-sack-ms-dhoni-but-bcci-chief-srinivasan-prevented-it-mohinder-amarnath/articleshow/17586651.cms |archive-date=2023-07-02 |access-date=2023-07-01 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

On 10 February 2014, a report submitted by the retired High Court Chief Justice [[Mukul Mudgal]]-led committee, accused Srinivasan's son-in-law, Gurunath Meiyappan of illegal betting and passing on sensitive match-related information to bookies during IPL 2013. The 170-page report also stated that his company, [[India Cements]] was liable for Meiyappan's actions and that the [[Chennai Super Kings]] franchise was in violation of the franchise agreement, which may result in the termination of the [[Indian Premier League]] franchise.<ref>{{cite news|title=India Cement failed to ensure Gurunath Meiyappan adheres to rule: Panel |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-cement-failed-to-ensure-gurunath-meiyappan-adheres-to-rule-panel/articleshow/30177028.cms|access-date=11 February 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=11 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IPL match-fixing scandal: Gurunath Meiyappan indicted, BCCI chief N Srinivasan plea rejected|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/ipl-matchfixing-scandal-gurunath-meiyappan-indicted-bcci-chief-n-srinivasan-plea-rejected/1224655|access-date=11 February 2014|newspaper=The Financial Express|date=10 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IPL spot-fixing: Srinivasan's son-in-law Gurunath Meiyappan indicted|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-10/news/47200989_1_gurunath-meiyappan-bcci-probe-panel-n-srinivasan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222154937/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-10/news/47200989_1_gurunath-meiyappan-bcci-probe-panel-n-srinivasan|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2014|access-date=11 February 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=10 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IPL probe: MS Dhoni role in N. Srinivasan, Gurunath Meiyappan case leaves taint|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/ipl-probe-ms-dhoni-role-in-n.-srinivasan-gurunath-meiyappan-case-leaves-taint/1224978|access-date=11 February 2014|newspaper=The Financial Express|date=11 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ICC boss N Srinivasan's son-in-law faces betting probe|url=http://www1.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/9159826/icc-boss-n-srinivasans-son-in-law-faces-betting-probe|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=11 February 2014}}</ref> On 21 March, Meiyappan's voice was found to match a tapped phone conversation discussing match fixing activities<ref>
{{cite news
| title = IPL betting: Gurunath Meiyappan, Vindoo Dara Singh's voice samples match with tapped conversation between them
| agency = Press Trust of India
| url = http://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2014/news/222222-ipl-betting-gurunath-meiyappan-vindoo-dara-singhs-voice-samples-match-with-tapped-conversation-between-them
| date = 21 March 2014
}}
voice samples matched with the tapped telephonic conversation in which they
were purportedly discussing matches and betting activities, police said on
Friday.</ref>

On 25 March 2014 the [[Supreme Court of India]] ordered Srinivasan to step down as BCCI president so that a fair investigation may be conducted.<ref>{{cite web|title=Supreme Court tells N. Srinivasan to step down as BCCI president for fair IPL scam probe|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2014/news/222330-supreme-court-tells-n-srinivasan-to-step-down-as-bcci-president-for-fair-ipl-scam-probe|publisher=NDTV|access-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329095751/http://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2014/news/222330-supreme-court-tells-n-srinivasan-to-step-down-as-bcci-president-for-fair-ipl-scam-probe|archive-date=29 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=For fair probe, BCCI chief N Srinivasan must step down: Supreme Court|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-for-fair-probe-bcci-chief-n-srinivasan-must-step-down-supreme-court-1972044|access-date=25 March 2014|newspaper=Daily News and Analysis (DNA)|date=25 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=N Srinivasan, BCCI President, must step down for fair probe in IPL fixing case: Supreme Court
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/n-srinivasan-bcci-president-must-step-down-for-fair-probe-in-ipl-fixing-case-supreme-court/articleshow/32649820.cms|access-date=25 March 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=25 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Apex court: N Srinivasan must step down for fair probe into IPL case|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/apex-court-n-srinivasan-must-step-down-for-fair-probe-into-ipl-case/article5829585.ece|access-date=25 March 2014|newspaper=Business Line|date=25 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=BCCI chief N. Srinivasan should quit for fair IPL probe: Supreme Court|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Jnq0NIdFlxhF2NXyhCmImM/BCCI-chief-N-Srinivasan-should-quit-says-Supreme-Court.html|access-date=25 March 2014|newspaper=LiveMint|date=25 March 2014}}</ref> The court found it "nauseating" that he should hold on to the post despite various courts censuring him.<ref name=SC/>

On 27 November 2014 the Supreme Court said that his's conflict of interest was "obvious" as he also owned a team in the IPL, CSK. The court also asked BCCI if it was open to have a fresh poll for a new board without Srinivasan. On 29 March 2015, he gave away the Cricket World Cup trophy to the winning Australian team - an act that should have been performed by then ICC President [[Mustafa Kamal (politician)|Mustafa Kamal]]. Prior to the final, Kamal had made controversial statements regarding umpiring in the [[2015 Cricket World Cup#Controversies|India-Bangladesh quarterfinals]]. In light of these comments, ICC reportedly had a meeting, and decided that Kamal would not be allowed to hand over the trophy. Srinivasan had also expressed his extreme unhappiness over Kamal's comments in the same meeting, causing an embarrassed Kamal to walk out of the final before the match even finished. He later quit his position as the president, and vowed to expose the people behind the "mischievousness".<ref>{{cite web|title = ICC President Mustafa Kamal and N Srinivasan and loggerheads|date=30 March 2015 |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/cricket-news/71408/icc-president-mustafa-kamal-and-n-srinivasan-at-loggerheads}}</ref>

=== Corruption allegations with Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ===
Srinivasan was one of the main investors in several of [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy|Jagan Mohan Reddy]]'s "suitcase companies" and is a subject of investigation in the Rs. 3000 crore corruption case. [[India Cements]] had invested more than a hundred crores in Jagan's Bharti Cement in return for [[quid pro quo]] favours granted while Jagan's father [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] was the chief minister of [[Andhra Pradesh]] between 2004 and 2009.<ref>{{cite news |date=2014-02-12 |title=BCCI chief appears in court in Jagan case |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/bcci-chief-appears-in-court-in-jagan-case-114021201035_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123194534/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/bcci-chief-appears-in-court-in-jagan-case-114021201035_1.html |archive-date=2023-01-23 |access-date=2014-02-13 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) was of the opinion that Srinivasan's company, [[India Cements]] invested Rs. 140 crore into Jagan's business in return for the benefits it received from the [[First Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry|Rajasekhara Reddy]] government.<ref name=":0" /> He has appeared in front of the special CBI court repeatedly to answer for this allegedly massive corruption case.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 June 2012 |title=CBI summons BCCI chief in Jagan case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-summons-BCCI-chief-N-Srinivasan-in-Jagan-case/articleshow/13912542.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723194722/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-08/india/32122937_1_india-cements-coromandel-king-ysr-congress |archive-date=23 July 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news |date=2014-02-12 |title=Jaganmohan Reddy case: India Cements MD N. Srinivasan appears before court |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/jaganmohan-reddy-case-india-cements-md-n.-srinivasan-appears-before-court/1225406 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222004211/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/jaganmohan-reddy-case-india-cements-md-n.-srinivasan-appears-before-court/1225406 |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-02-13 |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Limited]]}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news |date=2013-12-03 |title=Jagan, N Srinivasan appear in CBI court over investments case |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jagan-n-srinivasan-appear-in-cbi-court-over-investments-case/article5417570.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206123142/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jagan-n-srinivasan-appear-in-cbi-court-over-investments-case/article5417570.ece |archive-date=2013-12-06 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Srinivasan is married to Chitra Srinivasan and the couple have two children: [[Rupa Gurunath|Rupa Gurunath Meiyappan]] and Ashwin Srinivasan. Srinivasan's younger brother, N. Ramachandran, is also involved in sports administration as the head of the [[Tamil Nadu]] Squash Rackets Association, president of the [[Indian Olympic Association]] and the chief of [[World Squash Federation]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Srinivasan's brother N Ramachandran elected unopposed as IOA president|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Srinivasans-brother-N-Ramachandran-elected-unopposed-as-IOA-president/articleshow/30115312.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140212080333/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-02-09/others/47168140_1_ioa-constitution-jerome-poivey-pere-miro|url-status=live|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=12 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 February 2014}}</ref>

His daughter Rupa is married to film producer [[Gurunath Meiyappan]], who was one of the most high profile arrests in the [[2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case|2013 IPL spot-fixing]] case. Rupa was also the president of [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association|Tamil Nadu cricket association]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkata B |first=Krishna |date=2021-12-31 |title=Rupa Gurunath steps down as president of Tamil Nadu Cricket Association |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2021/Dec/31/rupa-gurunath-steps-downas-president-of-tamil-nadu-cricket-association-2401559.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231084334/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2021/dec/31/rupa-gurunath-steps-downas-president-of-tamil-nadu-cricket-association-2401559.html |archive-date=2021-12-31 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Presidents of BCCI}}
{{Presidents and Chairmen of ICC}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivasan, N.}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian cricket administrators]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the cement industry]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India]]
[[Category:Chairpersons of the International Cricket Council]]
[[Category:Sheriffs of Madras]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League franchise owners]]
[[Category:India Cements]]

V. V. Sadagopan

2026-02-12T03:20:44Z

All Singers Music Production: enhance structure to improve readability and improved wording

{{Short description|Tamil actor and musician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = V. V. Sadagopan
| image = Madanakamarajan_1941_film.jpg
| caption = V. V. Sadagopan (Seated) in the film [[Madanakamarajan]] (1941)
| birth_name = Veeravanallur Vedantam Sadagopan
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1915|1|29}}
| birth_place = [[Veeravanallur]], [[Tirunelveli district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| disappeared_date = 11 April 1980<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kolappan |first1=B. |title=A talented musician, an illustrator and a gas connection |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-talented-musician-an-illustrator-and-a-gas-connection/article25754597.ece |website=The Hindu |date=15 December 2018 |access-date=6 June 2022}}</ref> (aged 65)
| disappeared_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| disappeared_status = {{Missing for|1980|4|11}}; possibly deceased
| other_names =
| known_for =
| education = University
| occupation = Film Actor, Carnatic Musician, Musicologist, Writer, Composer
| title = Professor
| spouse = Ranganayaki Sadagopan (1923–2019)
| children = Radhika Sridharan, Devika Raman, Vijaya Srinivasan, V.S.Krishnakumar,<ref name="Through the Notes Of V V Sadagopan">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141212114934/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Through-the-Notes-Of-V-V-Sadagopan/2014/10/27/article2494463.ece Through the Notes Of V V Sadagopan]</ref> Lakshmi
| parents = Vedantam Iyengar
| relatives = V. V. Sundararajan, V. V. Narayanan, V. V. Varadarajan (Brothers), Jayalakshmi Santhanam (Sister)<ref>[http://www.fromammawithlove.com/carnatic-music-my-music-family.htm My Musical Family]</ref>
| signature =
| website =
}}

'''Veeravanallur Vedantam Sadagopan''' (born 29 January 1915 – disappeared 11 April 1980) was an Indian educator, musician and actor who served as a professor of music at [[Delhi University]].<ref name=hindu>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mystic-gone-with-the-wind-his-music-stays/article6832308.ece Mystic gone with the wind..]</ref> Sadagopan was known for his efforts to promote children's music education and devotion to the [[Vaishnavite]] religious tradition, which led him to extensively research the [[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]], a Tamil verse compilation.

Sadagopan was born in [[Veeravanallur]], a small town in the [[Tirunelveli district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He came to [[Chennai]] in the 1930s, initially to prepare for the [[Indian Civil Service]] examinations, and began writing about music for the Tamil weekly ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]''. He also pursued a brief career as an actor, during which he starred in five films, but he later shifted his efforts to performing music. Sadagopan trained under the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] singer [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]] and began to hold concerts across India. The Indian government named him a music director at the [[Gandhigram Rural Institute]], where prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] visited in 1959. Nehru was impressed by Sadagopan's performance, and appointed him to a music professorship at [[Delhi University]], where he served until 1975.

In April 1980, Sadagopan disappeared for unknown reasons after leaving the [[Gudur Junction railway station]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], while en route to Chennai from [[Delhi]]. His whereabouts and ultimate fate remain unknown.

==Personal life==
Sadagopan was born on 29 January 1915 in [[Veeravanallur]], a small town in Tirunelveli district. He was the son of an insurance agent, Vedantam Iyengar, and first studied English, Maths, and [[Sanskrit]]. He came to Chennai in 1934 to prepare for the [[Indian Civil Service]] examinations.<ref name=hindu /> His wife Ranganayaki Sadagopan used to accompany him on [[tanpura]] on occasion. The couple had 4 children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=V. V. Sadagopan - Page 3 - rasikas.org |url=https://www.rasikas.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=874&start=100 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=www.rasikas.org}}</ref> Several members of his extended family pursued music. His sister Jayalakshmi Santhanam (1933–2018) was a musician and children's music teacher. His sister-in-law [[Ananthalakshmi Sadagopan]] (1928–2013) and her child [[Sujatha Vijayaraghavan]] were also both musicians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dhvaniohio.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/tribute-ananthalakshmi.pdf|title=Ananthalakshmi Sadagopan: (1928 - 2013)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113184858/https://dhvaniohio.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/tribute-ananthalakshmi.pdf|archivedate=13 November 2021}}</ref>

==Writer==
In Chennai, Sadagopan became associated with [[Tamil language|Tamil]] writer V. Ramasamy, better known by his pen-name ''VaRaa'', and entered journalism. He wrote for the popular weekly Tamil publication ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]''<ref name=hindu /> in both the English and Tamil language. In addition to his articles on music, he wrote poetry, lyrics and even a number of stories in Tamil for ''Ananda Vikatan''.<ref name=tube>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EbDr6gYNY8 V V Sadagopan Adharam Neethan Endru]</ref>

==Film actor==
Sadagopan acted as the main actor in the Tamil film ''Nava Yuvan'' (Modern Youth), also known as ''Geethasaram'' (Essence of Gita). (It was customary for Tamil films at that time to have two names as titles).<ref name="mugam">[https://antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2015/10/08/v-v-sadagopan/ V.V.Sadagopan]</ref> The film was shot in London. It is the first ever Tamil film to be shot in a foreign country and V. V. Sadagopan became the first to have acted in such a film.<ref name="tube" /> Sadagopan was also the first university graduate to have acted in a Tamil film. The coronation ceremony of [[King George VI]] was also shown along with this film.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160914051347/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1937-cinedetails16.asp 1937 – நவ யுவன்]}}</ref>

His second film ''Adhirstam'' (Luck) was released in 1939.<ref name="mugam" /> In 1941, he played the hero in the [[Gemini Studios]] production ''[[Madanakamarajan]]'', alongside the female lead [[K. L. V. Vasantha]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/madanakamarajan-1941/article30818.ece Madanakamarajan (1941)]</ref> Sadagopan also acted alongside [[N. C. Vasanthakokilam]] in ''Venuganam'' in 1941.<ref name="mugam" /> In his final film, ''[[Jeevan Mukthi]]'', a Telugu film produced by [[S. S. Vasan]], he played [[Vishnu|Lord Vishnu]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Narasimham, M. L.|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-jeevanmukthi-1942/article2621450.ece|title="Blast from the past: Jeevanmukthi (1942)"|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 November 2011|accessdate=16 June 2017|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120915054549/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2621450.ece|archivedate=15 September 2012}}</ref> Afterwards, he decided not to continue his film career and instead pursued music.<ref name="mugam" />

==Music performer==
Sadagopan had his musical training under Namakkal Sesha Iyengar and the Carnatic vocalist [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]]. He was both a musician and a musicologist.<ref>[http://www.carnatica.net/artiste/sadagopan.htm V V Sadagopan]</ref> He studied [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] literature deeply and gave concerts comprising verses from the [[Kamba Ramayanam]]. He travelled all over [[India]] and abroad for these lecture-cum-music concerts.<ref name="hindu" /> He was a member of the audition panel of [[All India Radio]] (AIR) and also of the experts committee of the [[Madras Music Academy]], and represented Indian Music in the Centenary celebrations of the [[Moscow]] Conservatoire 1966.<ref name="tube" />

==Music teacher==
Teaching music to children was a subject important to Sadagopan, and he launched the Tyaga Bharathi movement to carry out this mission.<ref name=hindu /> The term Tyaga Bharathi was coined by him to epitomise the ideals of Saint [[Tyagaraja]] and [[Subramania Bharati]].<ref name="tube" />

When Soundaram Ramachandaran, a Minister in [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru's]] Cabinet, launched the [[Gandhigram Rural Institute]] (GRI), she appointed Sadagopan as the Director of Music Studies.

When Nehru visited the institution in 1959, he saw the [[Kuravanji]] dance-drama of Sadagopan. Nehru was impressed by Sadagopan's performance and appointed him Professor of Music at [[Delhi University]].<ref name=hindu /> He served two terms as professor at Delhi University and left in 1975. He was also a member of the board of studies in several universities.<ref name="tube" />

==Religious contributions==
Sadagopan, a [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]], was deeply involved in religion. He conducted extensive research on the [[Naalayira Divya Prabhandham]], a compilation of verses, and he mentored students who continued his research. A trust called Sri Sadagopan Thirunarayanaswami Divya Prabhanda Patasala was started in the singer's name. With Srirama Bharathi, one of his disciples, he released ''Spirals and Circles'', a book that explains the concept of Carnatic music and the mindset associated with it.

Srirama Bharathi and his wife Sowbhagyalakshmi propagated Thyaga Bharathi songs through the trust and went on to compose tunes for the Nalayira Divya Prabhandam. After the death of her husband, Sowbhagyalakshmi continued the practice along with family and close associates. Targeting children, whom she felt would be the perfect audience, she began conducting summer camps in schools and composed songs for mentally-challenged children in special schools.<ref name="Through the Notes Of V V Sadagopan">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141212114934/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Through-the-Notes-Of-V-V-Sadagopan/2014/10/27/article2494463.ece Through the Notes Of V V Sadagopan]</ref>

==Unique compositions==
Sadagopan composed music in several languages.<ref name=tube />

His compositions include [[Kriti (music)|kritis]], [[keerthana]]s, [[Ragamalika|ragamaligais]], padams, kili kanni and a series of [[Tirukkuṛaḷ]] keerthanais, wherein the Kural forms the [[Pallavi]] and is elaborated in the [[Anupallavi (music)|Anupallavi]] and [[Charanam]].

He set the lyrics of [[Ambujam Krishna|Ambujam Krishna's]] "Gana Mazhai Pozhigindraan" to music.

He was the first to render a whole music concert of Kamba Ramayanam verses at the [[Karaikudi]] [[Kamban]] vizha. The music was set by him.

He also set several [[Pasurams]] of [[Divya Prabandham]] to music.

He composed several songs using the mudra (signature) Seshadasan.<ref name=tube />

==Disappearance==
Sadagopan disappeared for unknown reasons in 1980. T.K. Venkatasubramanaian, a retired professor of history at Delhi University, stated: "He got off the train at [[Gudur Junction railway station|Gudur]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] on 11 April 1980, on his way from [[Delhi]] to [[Chennai]]. Afterwards there was no information about his whereabouts. His family still believes that he lives somewhere".<ref name=hindu />

Rumours of sighting him in [[Varanasi]] and in the [[Himalayas]] and consequent searches have yielded no results.<ref name=tube />

==Centenary remembrance==
A birth centenary remembrance program was organised on 8 February 2015 by Chandlian Memorial Trust and Lakshmi Kuppusamy Trust at the [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] centre in [[Mylapore]], a neighborhood of [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/remembering-vv-sadagopan/article6869640.ece|title=Remembering V.V. Sadagopan|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 July 2017|date=5 February 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKkj-T5e3I8 Madhana Kama Rajan 1941 -- Premaa ... Premaa Nee Illaamal]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CrG_VeitLQ Madhana Kama Rajan 1941 -- Vaengai Vanna Thogai]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijT6xj7UB3A Madhana Kama Rajan 1941 -- Inrae Un Manam Iranginatho]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-oHvGHmFjY Madhana Kama Rajan 1941 -- Thunai Neeyae Arul Thaaraai]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oADqa-D5k88 Madhana Kama Rajan 1941 -- Vaazhvinil Inrae Nannaal]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cyGitXZaNk Villinai Kavadi Sindhu]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfPE89mV0vI His Legacy our mission]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdtwwIMOw1U Rama Bhajanai Seythaal]
* [https://gkamesh.wordpress.com/2010/05/09/vv-sadagopan-music-mystic/ V V Sadagopan - Music Mystic]
* [http://i62.tinypic.com/1z2owbc.jpg Photo of V V Sadagopan (1969 in London)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014025928/http://i62.tinypic.com/1z2owbc.jpg |date=14 October 2016 }}
* Translation of the Prabandham

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sadagopan, V. V.}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:1980s missing person cases]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in India]]
[[Category:People from Tirunelveli district]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]

Parag Saxena

2026-02-09T06:04:53Z

All Singers Music Production: starting first info and citations

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Parag Saxena
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|4|27}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Bombay State]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[IIT Bombay]] (BTech) [[University of Pennsylvania]] (MBA)
| occupation = [[Venture capitalist]]
| spouse =
}}
'''Parag Saxena''' ([[Hindi]]:''' पराग सक्सेना'''; born April 27, 1955) is an Indian-American [[investment manager]] who is the co-founder and general partner of Vedanta Capital.<ref>[https://vedacap.com Vedanta Capital]</ref> He had previously founded Invesco Private Capital, a subsidiary of [[Invesco]]. He also co-founded and is CEO of [[New Silk Route]], an Asia-focused venture capital firm.

== Early life and education ==
Saxena earned a [[B.Tech]] from the [[Indian Institute of Technology]], an [[M.S.]] in [[Chemical Engineering]] from the [[Marshall University - South Charleston Campus|West Virginia College of Graduate Studies]] and an [[M.B.A.]] from the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>[http://www.nsrpartners.com/team_parag_saxena.html Parag Saxena page], NSR website. Retrieved 2011-03-10.</ref>

== Career ==

Saxena started his career at Becton Dickinson as a product manager in 1978.<ref>[http://www.nriinternet.com/NRIentrepreneurs/USA/A_Z/S/Parag_Saxena/index.htm Parag Saxena-on Forbes' 2007 Midas List]. Nriinternet.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-18.</ref> He joined Citicorp Investment Management in 1983;<ref name="PEI spinout"/> the company became Chancellor Capital Management in 1988.<ref name="PEI spinout"/> [[Invesco]] acquired the company in 1998, and Saxena became the managing partner and founder of Invesco Private Capital, a subsidiary of [[Invesco]].<ref name="PEI spinout">{{cite web |last1=Weinstock |first1=Suzanne |title=Invesco spin-out raising $350m fund |url=https://www.privateequityinternational.com/invesco-spin-out-raising-350m-fund/ |website=[[Private Equity International]] |access-date=May 19, 2025 |date=March 25, 2008}}</ref> Over the course of four years, he was on ''Forbes'' [[Midas List]].<ref>{{cite web |title=#28 Parag Saxena |url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/99/midas09_Parag-Saxena_TDOH.html |website=[[Forbes]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112072355/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/99/midas09_Parag-Saxena_TDOH.html |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |date=January 29, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

He spent 23 years at Invesco Private Capital.<ref name="Goshal_qz.com"/> He stepped down as managing partner of Invesco Private Capital in April 2006, with the ''New York Times'' noting many investors had been leaving the company, and quoting him as noting that conflict among management and lawsuits against Invesco had made it increasingly hard to raise funds.<ref name="Richtel_nyt.com">{{Citation |last=Richtel |first=Matt |date=20 April 2006 |title=Venture capitalists find that when styles collide, companies can get hurt |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/06/27/business-venture-and-friendship-sours-after-insider-conviction/ |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>

In May 2006, Saxena launched the New York-based diversified venture capital firm Vedanta, along with former Invesco executives Alessandro Piol and Howard Goldstein.<ref name="PEI spinout"/> In 2007, a $275-million [[collateralized fund obligation]] (CFO), originally founded in 2004, was acquired from Invesco by Vedanta, making Vedanta a [[spin-out]] of Invesco.<ref name="PEI spinout"/>

In 2006, he co-founded [[New Silk Route]], an Asia-focused venture capital firm,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krishnan |first1=Aarati |title='The question is how much venture capital India can absorb' |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/investment-world/article2704374.ece |website=[[Business Line]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216002311/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/investment-world/article2704374.ece |archive-date=February 16, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with [[Rajat Gupta]] and [[Raj Rajaratnam]], as well as Mark Schwartz, a Goldman Sachs veteran who left New Silk Route in 2008.<ref name="Goshal_qz.com"/> Saxena is CEO of the company.<ref name="Goshal_qz.com"/> The fund closed to investors in late 2008.<ref name="Goshal_qz.com">{{Citation |last=Ghoshal |first=Devjyot |date=21 August 2014 |title=How to run a $1 billion fund after both your co-founders go to jail |publisher=Quartz |url=https://qz.com/india/249120/how-to-run-a-1-billion-fund-after-both-your-co-founders-go-to-jail |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref> Gupta filed a lawsuit against Saxena in 2013, alleging Saxena in 2012 started limiting his access to New Silk Route after Gupta had been sentenced in 2012 for securities fraud; the lawsuit was dismissed by a judge in 2013 for being irrelevant.<ref>{{Citation |last=Chitnis |first=Deepak |date=5 December 2013 |title=Rajat Gupta's lawsuit against Parag Saxena dismissed by court |publisher=American Bazaar|url=https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2013/12/05/rajat-guptas-lawsuit-parag-saxena-dismissed-court/ |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Saxena is married to Usha Saxena, and they have several children together.<ref name="Saxena Family">{{Citation|date=23 February 2022 |title=$10 Million Gift from Saxena Family to Expand the Study of South Asia |publisher=Brown University|url=https://watson.brown.edu/southasia/news/2022/10-million-gift-saxena-family-expand-study-south-asia |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref> In 2022 the couple gave $10 million to [[Brown University]] to expand the study of South Asia, and the university renamed its Center for Contemporary South Asia to the Saxena Center for Contemporary South Asia.<ref name="Saxena Family"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saxena, Parag}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Pune]]
[[Category:Private equity and venture capital investors]]
[[Category:Wharton School alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]

N. Seshagiri

2026-02-08T17:59:07Z

All Singers Music Production: Started initial stub needs work...

{{Short description|Indian computer scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = N. Seshagiri
| birth_name = Narasimaiah Seshagiri
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1940|05|10|df=yes}} <ref>{{cite web | url=https://informatics.nic.in/news/1343 | title=Remembering Dr. N. Seshagiri, India's ICT Evangelist and Founder Director General of National Informatics Centre }}</ref>
| birth_place = India
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Science|Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|05|26|1940|05|10|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India <ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/n-seshagiri-nic-founder-dies-at-73/articleshow/20341652.cms | title=N Seshagiri, NIC founder, dies at 73 | India News - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=30 May 2013 }}</ref>
| occupation = Computer scientist
| known for = [[National Informatics Centre]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}

'''Narasimaiah Seshagiri''' (10 May 1940 – 26 May 2013) was an Indian computer scientist, writer and a former director-general of the [[National Informatics Centre]],<ref name="ANALYSIS-India infotech sector above politics">{{cite web | url=http://listserv.indianetwork.org/cgi/wa.cgi?A2=india-l;d5eba1f7.9904 | title=ANALYSIS-India infotech sector above politics | publisher=India Network | date=20 April 1999 | access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="10 from State figure in Padma awards list">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/01/26/stories/2005012610660400.htm | title=10 from State figure in Padma awards list | date=26 January 2005 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=June 4, 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> an apex organization of the [[Government of India]], handling its [[e-governance]] applications.<ref name="About Us">{{cite web | url=http://www.nic.in/about-us | title=About Us | publisher=National Informatics Centre | date=2016 | access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref> He was a member of the ''Y2K Action Force'' of the Government, formed to combat the [[Year 2000 problem#9 September 1999|9999 computer bug]].<ref name="Asia unharmed by Sept. 9 bug">{{cite web | url=http://jawawa.id/index.php/newsitem/asia-unharmed-by-sept-9-bug-1447893297 | title=Asia unharmed by Sept. 9 bug | publisher=Jawawa | date=10 September 1999 | access-date=June 4, 2016 | archive-date=8 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808042429/http://jawawa.id/index.php/newsitem/asia-unharmed-by-sept-9-bug-1447893297 | url-status=dead }}</ref> He is credited with many publications which included ''The bomb! : fallout of India's nuclear explosion''<ref name="The bomb! : fallout of India's nuclear explosion">{{cite book | url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1371369?lookfor=author-browse:%22Seshagiri,%20N.%20(Narasimhiah),%201941-%22&offset=1&max=2 | title=The bomb! : fallout of India's nuclear explosion | publisher=Vikas Publishing House | author=Seshagiri, N. (Narasimhiah) | year=1975 | pages=147 | isbn=0706903439}}</ref> and ''Information systems for economies in transition''.<ref name="Information systems for economies in transition">{{cite book | url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1612226?lookfor=author-browse:%22Seshagiri,%20N.%20(Narasimhiah),%201941-%22&offset=2&max=2 | title=Information systems for economies in transition | publisher=National Informatics Centre | author=N. Seshagiri, J. Salmona, I. P. David (Editors) | year=1996 | pages=449 | isbn=0074633643}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 2005, for his contributions to science and technology.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=January 3, 2016 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[National Informatics Centre]]
{{Portal|India}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seshagiri, Narasimhiah}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Indian computer scientists]]
[[Category:Indian technology writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]

{{Compu-scientist-stub}}
{{India-scientist-stub}}

Guru Gobind Singh Hospital, Patna City

2026-02-04T19:41:33Z

All Singers Music Production: new new bio

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Guru Gobind Singh Hospital
| image = Ggsh pnc.jpg
| caption =
| founded = 1935
| type = Government Funded Hospital
| beds = 312
| address = Main road, Ashok Rajpath, Khamji Begum Colony, Sadikpur, [[Patna City]], Patna, Bihar 800006
| affiliation =
| website =
}}
'''Guru Gobind Singh Hospital''' (GGSH) is located in [[Patna City]] (Patna Sahib), [[Patna]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Prod to Centre on hospital order defiance|author=ANAND RAJ |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120726/jsp/bihar/story_15770964.jsp#.UjKPwsZTAhF|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140201183231/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120726/jsp/bihar/story_15770964.jsp#.UjKPwsZTAhF|url-status= dead|archive-date= 1 February 2014|newspaper= The Telegraph|date= 26 July 2012}}</ref> The hospital has been attached by the state health [[Health administration|administration]] to the [[AIIMS Patna]] till the latter's complex to accommodate patients comes up in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title= Patna high court team inspects City hospital|url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Patna/Patna-high-court-team-inspects-City-hospital/Article1-944989.aspx|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121016061929/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Patna/Patna-high-court-team-inspects-City-hospital/Article1-944989.aspx|url-status= dead|archive-date= 16 October 2012|newspaper=Hindustan times|date= 15 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Patna AIIMS may be delayed by 6 months|author= Binod Dubey|url=http://www.aiimspatna.org/newsstand/N5%20001.pdf|newspaper=Hindustan times|date= 30 November 2012}}</ref> [[Patna high court]] directed to construct a boundary wall for the hospital spread on 68-acre at an estimated cost of Rs. 1.87 crore.<ref>{{cite news |title= Join Guru Gobind hospital by July 25|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-19/patna/32746441_1_jpnaiims-shashi-bhushan-kumar-protection-of-public-rights|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140201234115/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-19/patna/32746441_1_jpnaiims-shashi-bhushan-kumar-protection-of-public-rights|url-status= dead|archive-date= 1 February 2014|newspaper= [[The Times of India]]|date= 19 July 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of places named after Guru Gobind Singh]]
* [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib]]
* [[Patna Sahib railway station]]
* [[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Patna]]
[[Category:Memorials to Guru Gobind Singh]]
[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1935]]

Śāriputra

2026-01-22T09:17:17Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{About|the disciple of the Buddha|the 15th century monk|Śāriputra (15th-century)|the 12th century Sri Lankan scholar monk of Theravada Buddhism|Sāriputta (12th-century)}}
{{short description|Prominent and leading disciple of the Buddha}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|background = #FFD068
|name = Śāriputra
|image =File:Standing Śāriputra.png
|caption =Statue of Śāriputra from 17th century [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]]
|birth_name = Upatiṣya (Pali: ''Upatissa'')
|alias =
|dharma name = Śāriputra
|birth_date = c. 6th/5th century BCE
|birth_place = Nālaka or Upatiṣya Village, [[Rajgir]], [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]
|death_date = c. 6th/5th century BCE
|death_place = Nālaka or Upatiṣya Village, [[Rajgir]], [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]
|religion = [[Buddhism]]
|school =all
|lineage =
|title = {{plainlist|
* ''Dhammasenapati'' (Marshal of the Dharma)
* ''Paṭhamasāvaka'' (First Chief disciple)
* ''Dakkhinasāvaka'' (Right hand side Chief disciple)
}}
|location =
|education =
|teacher = [[Gautama Buddha]]
|reincarnation of =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|students =
|parents = Vaṇganta or Tisya (father), [[Rūpaśārī|Sāri]] (mother)
|spouse =
|partner =
|children =
|website =
}}
{{Infobox Buddhist term
| title = Śāriputra
| en =
| pi = Sāriputta
| sa = शारिपुत्र Śāriputra
| bn =
| my = ရှင်သာရိပုတ္တရာ (Shin Sāriputtarā)
| my-Latn = ʃɪ̀ɴθàɹḭpoʊʔtəɹà
| zh = 舎利弗; 舎利子
| zh-Latn = Shèlìfú; Shèlìzi
| ja = {{ruby-ja|舎利弗|しゃりほつ}}; {{ruby-ja|舎利子|しゃりし}}
| ja-Latn = Sharihotsu; Sharishi
| km = សារីបុត្រ ([[UNGEGN]]: sareibŏt)
| ko = 사리불; 사리자
| ko-Latn = Saribul; Sarija
| mnw =
| mnw-Latn =
| shn =
| shn-Latn =
| si = ශාරිපුත්‍ර (śāriputra) සැරියුත් (særiyut)
| si-Latn =
| ta =
| tl = Sariputra
| th = สารีบุตร ({{rtgs|Saribut}})
| bo = <big><big>ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ་</big></big>
| bo-Latn = [[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]: shA ri'i bu) ([[THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription|THL]]: sha ri bu
| vi = Xá Lợi Phất Xá Lợi Tử
| id =
}}
{{Buddhism}}
'''Śāriputra''' ({{langx|sa|शारिपुत्र}}; Tibetan: ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ་, [[Pali]]: ''Sāriputta'', lit. "the son of Śāri", born '''Upatiṣya''', Pali: ''Upatissa'') was one of the top disciples of [[Gautama Buddha|the Buddha]]. He is considered the first of the Buddha's two [[Śrāvaka#Foremost disciples|chief male disciples]], together with [[Maudgalyayana|Maudgalyāyana]] (Pali: ''Moggallāna''). Śāriputra had a key leadership role in the ministry of the Buddha and is considered in many Buddhist schools to have been important in the development of the Buddhist ''[[Abhidharma]]''. He frequently appears in [[Mahayana sutras]], and in some sutras, is used as a counterpoint to represent the [[Hinayana]] school of Buddhism.

Historians believe Śāriputra was born in the ancient Indian kingdom of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]] around the 6th or 5th century BCE. Buddhist texts relate that Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana were childhood friends who became spiritual wanderers in their youth. After having searched for spiritual truth with other contemporary teachers, they came into contact with the teachings of the Buddha and ordained as monks under him, after which the Buddha declared the friends his two chief disciples. Śāriputra was said to have attained enlightenment as an [[arahant|''arhat'']] two weeks after ordination. As chief disciple Śāriputra assumed a leadership role in the [[Sangha]], doing tasks like looking after monks, assigning them objects of meditation, and clarifying points of doctrine. He was the first disciple the Buddha allowed to ordain other monks. Śāriputra died shortly before the Buddha in his hometown and was cremated. According to Buddhist texts, his relics were then enshrined at [[Jetavana]] Monastery. Archaeological findings from the 1800s suggest his relics may have been redistributed across the Indian subcontinent by subsequent kings.

Śāriputra is regarded as an important and wise disciple of the Buddha, particularly in [[Theravada]] Buddhism where he is given a status close to a second Buddha. In [[Buddhist art]], he is often depicted alongside the Buddha, usually to his right. Śāriputra was known for his strict adherence to the Buddhist [[Vinaya|monastic rules]], as well as for his wisdom and teaching ability, giving him the title "General of the Dharma" (Sanskrit: ''Dharmasenāpati''; Pali: ''Dhammasenāpati''). Śāriputra is considered the disciple of the Buddha who was foremost in [[Prajñā (Buddhism)|wisdom]]. His female counterpart was [[Khema|Kṣemā]] (Pali: ''Khemā'').

== Background ==
According to [[Buddhist texts]], when a fully enlightened [[Buddha (title)|Buddha]] appears in the world, he always has a set of chief disciples.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=31-32}} For the current Buddha, [[Gautama Buddha|Gautama]], his chief male disciples were Śāriputra and [[Maudgalyayana|Maudgalyāyana]], while his chief female disciples were [[Khema]] and [[Uppalavanna]].{{sfn|Mahathera|1998|p=235}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=376-377}} According to the ''[[Buddhavaṃsa]]'', all Buddhas of the past followed this pattern of selecting two chief male disciples and two chief female disciples.{{sfn|Shaw|2013|p=455}} German Buddhist scholar and monk [[Nyanaponika Thera]] states that the reason Buddhas always select two chief disciples is to balance responsibilities according to each disciple's specific skills.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=67}}

According to the [[Pāli Canon]], in the distant past Śāriputra was born a wealthy person named Sarada who gave away his wealth to become an ascetic who developed a large following. At that time, Sarada and his followers were visited by the past Buddha, [[Anomadassi Buddha]], and were given a sermon by Anomadassī Buddha and his chief disciples. Upon hearing the sermon from Anomadassī Buddha's first chief disciple Nisabha, Sarada became inspired and [[Adhiṭṭhāna|resolved]] to become the first chief disciple of a future Buddha. He then made this wish in front of Anomadassī Buddha, who looked into the future and then declared that his aspiration would come true. Upon hearing the prediction, Sarada went to his close friend Sirivaddhana and asked him to resolve to become the second chief disciple of the same Buddha. Sirivaddhana then made a large offering to Anomadassī Buddha and his following, making the wish as suggested. Anomadassī Buddha looked into the future and declared that Sirivaddhana's aspiration would also come true.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=58-61}} The two friends then spent the rest of their lives and many future lives doing good deeds.{{sfn|Malalasekera|2007|p=542}} According to Buddhist legend, the aspiration came true in the time of Gautama Buddha with Sarada being reborn as Śāriputra and Sirivaddhana as Maudgalyāyana.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=58-61}}{{sfn|Malalasekera|2007|p=542}}

== Biography ==

=== Early life ===
Buddhist texts describe that Śāriputra was born with the birth name Upatiṣya ([[Pali]]: ''Upatissa'') to a wealthy family in a village near [[Rājagaha]] in the ancient Indian kingdom of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]].{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=49}}{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=410}}{{sfn|Sayadaw|1990}} Texts from the [[Mūlasarvāstivāda]] tradition state he was named after his father, while the [[Pali]] commentaries of the [[Theravada]] tradition state he was named after his birth village.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=410}}{{refn|Some Pali texts contradict this however and state his birth village as Nālaka,{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=410}} although this may be an alternative name for Upatissa.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=521}}|group=note}} Chinese Buddhist pilgrim [[Faxian]] refers to Śāriputra's birth village as Nāla (Nālaka)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sankalia|first=Hasmukhlal Dhirajlal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBELAAAAYAAJ&q=nalaka+fa+hien|title=The University of Nalanda|date=1972|publisher=Oriental Publishers|language=en|access-date=2021-11-20|archive-date=2022-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506230854/https://books.google.com/books?id=HBELAAAAYAAJ&q=nalaka+fa+hien|url-status=live}}</ref> while Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] refers to the village as Kālapināka.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Xuanzang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6sUpAQAAIAAJ&q=si+yu+ki+kalapinaka|title=Si-yu-ki: Ta-Tʻang-si-yu-ki. Books 6-9|date=1958|publisher=Susil Gupta|language=en}}</ref> The village has been variously identified as being either modern-day Sarichak,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xt1tAAAAMAAJ&q=sarichak+sariputra|title=Purātattva|date=2006|publisher=Indian Archaeological Society|language=en}}</ref> Chandiman (Chandimau),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCdGAQAAIAAJ&q=broadley+chandi+mau+sariputra|title=East and West|date=1988|publisher=Instituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente|language=en|access-date=2021-11-20|archive-date=2022-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506230855/https://books.google.com/books?id=SCdGAQAAIAAJ&q=broadley+chandi+mau+sariputra|url-status=live}}</ref> or Nanan (considered most likely to be the correct location).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prasad|first=Chandra Shekhar|date=1988|title=Nalanda vis-à-vis the Birthplace of Śāriputra|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29756860|journal=East and West|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=175–188|jstor=29756860|issn=0012-8376|access-date=2021-05-17|archive-date=2021-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517174418/https://www.jstor.org/stable/29756860|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aP-_hOCh4wEC&q=Nanan+village+sariputra|title=The Maha Bodhi|date=1981|publisher=Maha-Bodhi Society.|language=en|access-date=2021-11-20|archive-date=2022-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506230855/https://books.google.com/books?id=aP-_hOCh4wEC&q=Nanan+village+sariputra|url-status=live}}</ref>

Upatiṣya is described as having had a "golden complexion".{{sfn|Shaw|2013|p=458}}{{sfn|Shaw|2006|p=36}} He had six siblings; three brothers named Upasena, Cunda and Revata, and three sisters named Cāla, Upacālā and Sīsupacālā. Each of his siblings would grow up to become ''[[arhat]]'' disciples of the Buddha.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=411}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=87}} According to the Pali tradition, Upatiṣya's father was named Vangunta, while according to Mūlasarvāstivāda tradition his father was named Tiṣya ([[Pali]]: ''Tissa'').{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=410}} Upatiṣya's mother was named [[Śārī]] (alternatively called Rūpaśārī, Śārika, or Śāradvatī), because she had eyes like a śārika bird. His mother was the reason Upatiṣya later became known as Śāriputra (son of Śāri) and sometimes Śāradvatīputra (son of Śāradvatī).<ref>{{cite web |title=Sharadvatiputra, aka: Śāradvatīputra |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sharadvatiputra |website=Wisdom Library |access-date=2019-12-24 |date=2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225044031/https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sharadvatiputra |archive-date=2019-12-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1902}}[[File:Nalanda Sariputta Stupa.jpg|left|thumb|A stupa dedicated to Śāriputra at the ancient [[Nalanda]] monastery. Nyanaponika Thera states that Nalanda was probably close to where Śāriputra was born and died.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=521}}|alt=]]

Upatiṣya was born the same day as Kolita (who would later be known as [[Maudgalyayana|Maudgalyāyana]]), a boy from a neighboring village whose family had been friends with Upatiṣya's family for seven generations, and became friends with him as a child.{{sfn|Thakur|1996|p=66}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=49}}{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=102}} Upatiṣya and Kolita both became masters of the [[Vedas]] through their education and each developed a large following of youths. One day the realization that life is impermanent overtook the two friends during a festival in Rājagaha and they developed a [[Samvega|sense of spiritual urgency]].{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=411}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=49-50}}

Realizing the pointlessness of the impermanent material world, the two friends set out as ascetics to search for an end to [[Saṃsāra (Buddhism)|rebirth]]. In Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, the two friends visited all [[Six heretical teachers|six major teachers]] of India at the time before realizing none of them had the right path.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=411}} According to Pali texts, the two friends and their following of youths became students under only one of the teachers, the ascetic [[Sañjaya Vairatiputra]] (Pali: ''Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta''), who was staying nearby.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=411}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=50}} Pali texts describe Sañjaya as a teacher in the [[Ajñana|Indian Sceptic]] tradition, with Upatiṣya and Kolita eventually becoming dissatisfied with his teachings and leaving.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=411}}{{sfn|Harvey|2013|p=14}} In Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, the [[Chinese Buddhist Canon]] and in [[Tibetan canon|Tibetan accounts]], however, he is depicted as a wise teacher with [[Abhinna|meditative vision]] who becomes ill and dies. In some accounts, he predicts the coming of the Buddha through his visions.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lamotte|first=E.|title=La légende du Buddha|author-link=Étienne Lamotte|language=fr|trans-title=The legend of the Buddha|journal=Revue de l'histoire des religions|volume=134|issue=1–3|year=1947|doi=10.3406/rhr.1947.5599|pages=65–6}}</ref>{{sfn|Migot|1954|pp=430–2, 440, 448}} After being unable to find what they were looking for, the two friends went their separate ways but made a pact that if one was to find the path to [[Nirvana (Buddhism)|Nirvana]], he would tell the other.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=411}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=51}}{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1903}}

=== Meeting the Buddha ===
[[File:Sariputra and Maudgalyayana become disciples of Buddha Roundel 31 buddha ivory tusk.jpg|thumb|Ivory relief depicting Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana becoming disciples of the Buddha]]
After leaving Sañjaya, Upatiṣya encountered the monk [[Assaji|Aśvajit]] (''{{langx|pi|Assaji}}''), one of the Buddha's first five ''arhat'' disciples. Upatiṣya noticed how serene the monk appeared and approached him to ask for a teaching.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=51-53}} Aśvajit said he was still newly ordained but would teach what he can, and proceeded to teach the famous ''[[Ye Dharma Hetu]]'' stanza:{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=53}}

{{cquote|Of all those things that from a cause arise,

[[Tathagata]] the cause thereof has told;

And how they cease to be, that too he tells,

This is the doctrine of the Great Recluse.
| author = Translated by [[Nyanaponika Thera]]
}}

This stanza has become particularly famous in the Buddhist world, having been inscribed onto many Buddhist statues.{{sfn|Carus|1905|p=180}} According to philosopher [[Paul Carus]], the stanza breaks away from the idea of divine intervention prevalent in ancient [[Brahmanism]] at the time and instead teaches that the origin and end of all things depends on its causation.{{sfn|Carus|1905|p=180-181}}

Following the teaching, Upatiṣya attained [[Sotāpanna|''sotapanna'']], the first [[Four stages of enlightenment|stage of enlightenment]].{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=53}} Upatiṣya then went to Kolita to tell him about the incident and, after reciting the stanza for him, Kolita also attained ''sotapanna''.{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1903}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=54}}{{refn|In one version of the Chinese Buddhist canon, Śāriputra first went to the Buddha alone after being converted by Aśvajit, and then asked the Buddha for permission to go find his friend.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=450}}|group=note}} The two friends, along with a large chunk of Sañjaya's disciples, then [[Upasampada|ordained as monks]] under the Buddha, with everybody in the group becoming ''arhats'' that day except for Upatiṣya and Kolita.{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1903}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=55-56}}{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=451}} Nyanaponika Thera states that the friends required longer preparatory periods before enlightening in order to fulfill their roles as chief disciples.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=56}} Several texts describe the ordination with miraculous elements, such as the disciples' clothes suddenly being replaced with Buddhist robes and their hair falling out on its own.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=451}} After ordaining, Upatiṣya started being called Śāriputra (Pali: ''Sāriputta''), and Kolita started being called Maudgalyāyana (Pali: ''Moggallāna'').{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=56}}
[[File:Sariputta-statue.jpg|thumb|Statue of Sariputra from [[Mahamevnawa Buddhist Monastery]], [[Sri Lanka]]]]
After Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana ordained, the Buddha declared them his two chief disciples (Pali: ''aggasavaka''), following the tradition of appointing a pair of chief disciples as the past Buddhas did, according to Buddhist belief.{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1903}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=31-32,57}}{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=104}} Since they were newly ordained some of the monks in the assembly felt offended, but the Buddha explained that he gave them the roles because they had made the [[Adhiṭṭhāna|resolve]] to become the chief disciples many lifetimes ago.{{sfn|Malalasekera|2007|p=542}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=57-58}} Maudgalyāyana attained ''arhatship'' seven days after ordaining following intense meditation training. Śāriputra attained ''arhatship'' two weeks after ordaining while fanning the Buddha as the Buddha was delivering the ''Vedanāpariggaha Sutta'' to a wandering ascetic.{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1903}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=56-57}} Pali texts state that the ascetic was Śāriputra's nephew but Chinese, Tibetan and Sanskrit texts state he was Śāriputra's uncle. According to commentaries such as the ''[[Atthakatha]]'', Śāriputra took longer to achieve enlightenment than Maudgalyāyana because his knowledge had to be more thorough as first chief disciple, and thus required more preparation time.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=452}}

=== Chief disciple ===
[[File:Bodh Gaya - Buddha Statue - Sariputta (9224957409).jpg|thumb|A statue of Śāriputra at [[Bodh Gaya]].]]
Śāriputra is considered to have been the Buddha's first chief disciple, foremost in [[Paññā|wisdom]], a title he shared with the nun [[Khema|Kṣemā]] (Pali: ''Khemā'').{{sfn|Krey|2010|p=19}} He shared the title of chief male disciple with Maudgalyāyana, together described in the ''Mahāpadāna Sutta'' as "the chief pair of disciples, the excellent pair" (Pali: ''sāvakayugaṁ aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ'').{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=65}} In the ''[[Mahavagga]]'', the Buddha declared his two chief male disciples as being foremost in wisdom and foremost in [[iddhi|psychic powers]], referencing Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana respectively.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=416}} Texts describe that none of the Buddha's other disciples could answer questions that Maudgalyāyana was able to answer while Maudgalyāyana was unable to answer questions Śāriputra was able to answer.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413}} Buddhist tradition maintains that the first chief disciple, Śāriputra, customarily sat to the Buddha's right hand side, while the second chief disciple, Maudgalyāyana, sat to the left.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=67}} The disciples have thus been stylized as the right hand and left hand disciples of the Buddha in Buddhist tradition and art accordingly.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=47}}{{sfn|Cunningham|1854|p=299-300}}

As the first chief disciple, Śāriputra's role was the systematization and analysis of the Buddha's teachings.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=67}} The Buddhist canon often shows Śāriputra asking the Buddha questions and entreating the Buddha to teach, as well as himself clarifying points and questioning disciples, in some cases seemingly to test the knowledge of fellow disciples.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=407,462-463}}{{sfn|Krey|2010|p=23}} The Buddha would often suggest a topic and have Śāriputra elaborate and deliver a sermon on it.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1937|p=}} In two discourses recorded in the [[Tripiṭaka|Tripitaka]], the ''Dasuttara Sutta'' and the ''Saṅgīti Sutta'', the Buddha declared he needed to rest his back, and had Śāriputra teach in his place while the Buddha listened in the audience.{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1903}}{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413}}{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=408,467}} His ability to teach the [[Dharma (Buddhism)|Dharma]] earned him the title of "General of the Dharma" (Sanskrit: ''Dharmasenapati'').{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1903}}{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413}}{{sfn|Malalasekera|1937|p=}} Buddhist texts indicate that Śāriputra still had some flaws, however. In the ''Catuma Sutta'', when a group of young monks made noise and were ordered by the Buddha to leave, the Buddha reprimanded Śāriputra for not concluding that it was the chief disciples' responsibility to look after the monks, something Maudgalyāyana was able to conclude.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=69-70}} On another occasion the Buddha reprimanded Śāriputra for teaching the dying Dhanañjani, in a way that led him to rebirth in the Brahma realm rather than teaching in a way that led to enlightenment.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=74-75}}

Śāriputra assumed a leadership role in the Buddha's monastic community, or [[Sangha]]. Buddhist texts describe that Śāriputra routinely took charge of monastic affairs usually handled by the Buddha himself, such as attending to sick monks or visiting lay followers before their deaths.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413}} In one instance, when a group of monks planned to travel elsewhere, the Buddha told them to ask Śāriputra for permission first.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413}} Śāriputra was the first disciple of the Buddha who was asked to ordain monks in his place, with the Buddha giving him the [[Upasampadā|ordination]] procedure. He was also entrusted to ordain the Buddha's son [[Rahula]].{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=471}} When Śāriputra trained pupils, he gave them material and spiritual help, and assigned them an object of meditation.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=68-69}} In the ''Saccavibhanga Sutta'', the Buddha compared Śāriputra to a mother who gives birth to a child while comparing Maudgalyāyana to a nurse who raises a child. Śāriputra would train students to ''[[sotapanna]]'', the first stage of enlightenment, and Maudgalyāyana would train students to ''[[arhatship]]'', the highest stage of enlightenment.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1937|p=}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=68-69}}{{refn|American scholar monk [[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]] notes that it may seem strange Śāriputra had what appears to have been a lower job than Maudgalyāyana, but states it is actually harder to train an unenlightened person to become a ''sotapanna'' than to train a ''sotapanna'' to become an ''arhat''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhikkhu |first1=Thanissaro |title=Saccavibhanga Sutta: An Analysis of the Truths |url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.141.than.html#fnt-1 |website=www.accesstoinsight.org |publisher=Access to Insight |access-date=3 March 2020 |archive-date=3 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303055148/https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.141.than.html#fnt-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>|group=note}} However, Nyanaponika Thera notes that there are several individual cases where Śāriputra guided monks to the higher [[Four stages of enlightenment|stages of enlightenment]] as well.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=69}}

=== Person ===
Buddhist texts portray Śāriputra as someone who took an active role in debating and converting [[Tirthika|heretics]], considered to have been one of his great prerogatives.{{sfn|Ray|1994|p=134}} In the Mūlasarvāstivāda tradition, when the [[six heretical teachers]] of the time challenged the Buddhists to a contest, the Buddha had Śāriputra contend against them. Mūlasarvāstivāda texts state that Śāriputra used psychic powers to create a huge storm and transform himself into various forms, subduing the rival teachers and converting the residents of Savatthi.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413-414}} When the monk [[Devadatta]] created a [[schism]] in the Buddha's monastic community and led some of the Buddha's disciples away, Śāriputra played a key role in restoring the community. According to texts, upon hearing about the schism, Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana pretended to join Devadatta's community. After the chief disciples joined, Devadatta claimed to have had a backache and had Śāriputra preach in his place, but Devadatta fell asleep and Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana used the opportunity to get the following to return to the Buddha.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=414}}{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=471}}[[File:Sariputta from Myanmar, 19th century, lacquered and gilded wood with glass, HAA.JPG|thumb|Gilded statue of Śāriputra from Burma.|alt=|left]]

Buddhist texts generally credit the establishment of the [[Vinaya|monastic rules]] to Śāriputra, with Śāriputra being the one to ask the Buddha to create the rules. When Śāriputra asked the Buddha, he said he would lay them down at the right time.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413}} Śāriputra was known for his conscientiousness and meticulous adherence to monastic rules. In one story, Śāriputra became ill with an ailment that could be treated with garlic, but refused it because the Buddha had previously laid down a rule forbidding monks to eat garlic, with Śāriputra only taking it after the Buddha rescinded the rule.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=413}}{{sfn|Malalasekera|1937|p=}} In another story, Śāriputra found that meal cakes tended to make him greedy and then made a vow to abstain from them.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1937|p=}} A Buddhist commentary describes that one time when the other monks had left to collect alms, Śāriputra meticulously cleaned and organized the monastery to keep heretics from criticizing the disciples.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1937|p=}} Several Buddhist texts relate that Śāriputra was reborn as a snake in a previous life and that this was the reason for some of his stubbornness. In a [[Mahāsāṃghika]] text the Buddha punished Śāriputra by making him stand in the sun for failing to prevent some monks from making incorrect remarks. When the other monks later asked the Buddha to stop the punishment, the Buddha said that Śāriputra's decision to receive the punishment could not be changed, just as he was unwilling to change his mind when he was a snake. In a [[Mahīśāsaka]] text, Śāriputra refused to take a type of fruit, even when prescribed as medicine, after another monk suspected him of sneaking delicious food, the Buddha likewise references Śāriputra's life as a snake to explain his stubbornness.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=415-416}}

Although Maudgalyāyana is described as having been foremost in psychic powers, Buddhist texts state that Śāriputra also exhibited such powers himself. In various texts, Śāriputra is reported to have exhibited several psychic abilities such as levitation and the ability to visit other realms of existence, as well as abilities common among ''arhats'' such as recalling past lives and clairvoyance.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=506}} In one story, a ''[[yaksha]]'', or spirit, hit Śāriputra in the head while he was meditating. When Maudgalyāyana saw the incident and came to ask Śāriputra if he was okay, Śāriputra stated he didn't even notice the blow and suffered only a minor headache.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1937|p=}} Maudgalyāyana then praised Śāriputra for his psychic abilities by being able to sustain a blow with little notice, described in the ''[[Patisambhidamagga]]'' text as an example of “the power of intervention by concentration” (Pali: ''samādhivipphāra-iddhi'').{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=91-92}} In Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana descended to [[Naraka (Buddhism)|hell]] to give [[Devadatta]] the prophecy that he will become a ''[[pratyekabuddha]]'' in the future.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=412}} During the visit, it is said that Maudgalyāyana attempted to relieve the suffering of those in hell by creating rain but the rain dispersed. After Śāriputra saw this, he created a rain that did relieve the suffering of those in hell, using a wisdom based meditation.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=507-508}} In another Mūlasarvāstivāda text, the Buddha sent Maudgalyāyana to retrieve Śāriputra, who was doing sewing work. When Śāriputra stated he would go after his sewing work was complete, Maudgalyāyana attempted to force him to come by using his psychic powers to shake the ground but Śāriputra was unaffected. When Śāriputra told him to return first, Maudgalyāyana went back to the Buddha and found that Śāriputra had already arrived.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=412}} When Maudgalyāyana saw this, he stated that the power of psychic abilities was no match for the power of wisdom.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=508}}[[File:032 Passing of Sariputta (35252914515).jpg|thumb|Painting depicting the death of Śāriputra at the [[Bangkok National Museum]].|240x240px]]

=== Death ===
Buddhist texts all state that Śāriputra died shortly before the Buddha, with texts generally indicating he died in his hometown.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=414}}{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=473-474}} According to Pāli commentaries, Śāriputra arose from meditation one day and realized through his meditative insight that the chief disciples were supposed to achieve ''[[parinirvana]]'' before the Buddha, and that he had seven more days to live.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=414}}{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=106-107}} Śāriputra then traveled to his hometown to teach his mother, who was yet to be converted to Buddhism. After he converted his mother, Śāriputra died peacefully on the full moon day of [[Kartik (month)|Kartika]] a few months before the Buddha.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=414}} According to Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, however, it is said that Śāriputra achieved ''paranirvana'' voluntarily because he didn't want to witness the Buddha's death, in some accounts he was also motivated by Maudgalyāyana intending to achieve ''paranirvana'' after being beaten and mortally injured by a rival religious group.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=414}}{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=475}} In the [[Sarvāstivāda]] account, Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana both achieved ''paranirvana'' voluntarily on the same day, because they didn't want to witness the Buddha's death.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=476}} In several versions of the story, various heavenly beings from [[Buddhist cosmology]] are said to have come to pay respect to Śāriputra near his time of death.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=112-114}}{{sfn|Cunningham|1854|p=303-304}}

A funeral was held for Śāriputra in the city of [[Rajgir]] where his remains were cremated. His relics were then brought by Śāriputra's assistant, Cunda, to the Buddha in [[Śrāvastī]].{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=414-415}} In the ''Anupada Sutta'', the Buddha gave a eulogy of Śāriputra, praising his intellect and virtue.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1937|p=}}{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=484}} According to a ''[[Dighanikaya]]'' commentary, the Buddha enshrined Śāriputra's relics in a ''[[cetiya]]'' at [[Jetavana]]. In Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, the relics were given to the lay disciple, [[Anathapindika]], and it is him who builds a ''[[stupa]]'' and enshrines the relics at Jetavana.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=414-415}}{{refn|This version conflicts with some texts that state that Anathapindika died first.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=415}}|group=note}}

== Abhidharma ==
{{Main|Abhidharma}}
[[File:052 The Buddha preaches Abhidhamma to his Mother in Heaven (9270716605).jpg|thumb|According to Theravada tradition, the Buddha taught the ''Abhidharma'' in [[Tavatimsa]] heaven and returned to earth daily to give Śāriputra a summary.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416}}]]
Śāriputra is said to have played a key role in the development of the ''[[Abhidharma]]'' texts of the Buddhist Tripitaka. Buddhist scholar monks [[Rewata Dhamma]] and [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] describe the ''Abhidharma'' as "an abstract and highly technical systemization of the doctrine".{{sfn|Bodhi|Dhamma|1993|p=2}} According to [[Theravada]] tradition, the ''Abhidharma'', or "Higher Dharma", is said to have been preached by the Buddha to [[Deva (Buddhism)|''devas'']] while he was spending the rainy season in ''[[Tavatimsa]]'' Heaven. It is said that the Buddha returned to earth daily to give a summary to Śāriputra, who classified and reordered the teachings and relayed it to his disciples, in what would become the [[Abhidhamma Piṭaka|''Abhidharma Pitaka'']].{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416}} Various sets of the [[Sarvastivada]] school of Buddhism, however, attribute each of the seven books{{refn|Some Buddhist schools classify the ''Abhidharma'' into six or eight parts, rather than seven.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=521}}|group=note}} of the ''Abhidharma'' to different authors, with Śāriputra being attributed as the author of just the ''[[Sangitiparyaya]]'' in the Chinese Sarvastivada tradition and as the author of the ''[[Dharmaskandha]]'' in the Sanskrit and Tibetan Sarvastivada traditions.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=520}} In the Vatsiputriya tradition, a subset of the Sarvastivada school, Śāriputra is said to have transmitted the ''Abhidharma'' to Rahula, who later transmitted it to the school's founder, Vatsiputra.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416}} As the author of the ''Abhidharma'' in Buddhist tradition, Śāriputra is considered to be the patron saint of the Abhidharmists.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=408}}

French religion writer [[André Migot]], argues that the ''Abhidharma'' was formulated no earlier than the time of Emperor [[Asoka]], and thus cannot really be attributed to the historic Śāriputra, at least not the version known by modern scholars.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=523}} English historian [[Edward J. Thomas]] dates the development of the ''Abhidharma'' as being sometime between the third century BCE and the first century CE.{{sfn|Thomas|1953|p=158}} However, Migot states that a simpler version of the ''Abhidharma'' likely existed in early Buddhism, before it evolved and was written down in its current form.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=524}} Migot points to the mention of the "''Matrka" Pitaka'' in [[Cullavagga]] texts as the precursor to the ''Abhidharma Pitaka''. Migot argues that the ''Matrka Pitaka'', recited by [[Mahākāśyapa]] at the [[First Buddhist Council]] according to ''[[Ashokavadana]]'' texts, likely began as a condensed version of Buddhist doctrine that developed over time with metaphysical aspects to become the ''Abhidharma''.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=524-524,537-540}} Thomas also states that the ''Abhidharma'' had earlier roots and was developed based on existing material, likely a method of discussing the principles of the Buddha's teachings. According to Thomas, different Buddhist schools compiled their own ''Abhidharma'' works separately, but based it on common existing material.{{sfn|Thomas|1953|p=159-160}}

==In Mahayana sutras==
[[File:Manjusri Debates Vimalakirti Dunhuang Mogao Caves.jpeg|thumb|A Chinese painting depicting the events of the ''Vimalakīrti'' sutra.]]

Śāriputra frequently appears in [[Mahayana Sutras|Mahayana sutras]], often asking the Buddha to teach or engaging in the dialogue himself.{{sfn|Lopez|1988|p=51}} Migot states that it is significant that Śāriputra has a continuity in Mahayana texts, as most of the Buddha's great disciples are usually absent from Mahayana literature.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=537}} Migot credits the importance of Śāriputra in the early Vatsiputriya Buddhist school with why Śāriputra often appeared in Mahayana texts.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=538}} While depictions of Śāriputra in the [[Pāli Canon]] generally portray him as a wise and powerful ''arhat'', second only to the Buddha, [[Mahayana]] texts give him a wider range of depictions. Some Mahayana sutras portray him as a great Buddhist disciple while others portray him as a counterpoint with insufficient understanding of Mahayana doctrine, representative of the [[Hinayana]] tradition.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416-417}}{{sfn|Irons|2007|p=428}}{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=1904}} Buddhist studies scholar [[Donald S. Lopez Jr.]] describes the latter as "intentional irony" aimed at depicting how profound Mahayana doctrine is by showing that even the wisest "Hinayana" disciple had difficulty understanding it.{{sfn|Lopez|1988|p=51}}

=== The Vimalakīrti Sūtra ===
In the ''[[Vimalakirti Sutra|Vimalakīrti Sūtra]]'', Śāriputra is depicted as being unable to grasp [[Mahayana]] doctrines such as [[Nonduality (spirituality)|non-duality]] and [[Emptiness (Buddhism)|emptiness]].{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416-417}} In the sutra, a goddess listening to [[Vimalakirti|Vimalakīrti]] scatters flowers which fall onto Śāriputra's robes.{{sfn|Berger|1994|p=350-352}} Not wanting to break the monastic rules, which forbid decorating oneself with flowers, he tries to remove them but is unable to.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416-417}} The goddess then accuses Śāriputra of being attached to the duality of what is proper and improper.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416-417}}{{sfn|Berger|1994|p=350-352}} Later in the sutra, Śāriputra asks that if the goddess is so spiritually advanced, why doesn't she transform out of her female state, indicative of cultural sexism.{{sfn|Berger|1994|p=350-352}} The goddess responds by using her powers to switch bodies with Śāriputra to demonstrate that male and female is just an illusion because, according to Mahayana doctrine, all things are empty and so male and female don't really exist.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416-417}}{{sfn|Berger|1994|p=350-352}}

=== Prajñāpāramitā sutras ===

In the ''Prajñāpāramitā'' sutras, Śāriputra is often depicted as the counterpoint to the true meaning of ''[[prajnaparamita|prajñāpāramitā]]''.{{sfn|Black|Patton|2015|p=126}} In the ''Astasahasrika Prajñāpāramitā Sutra'', Śāriputra is portrayed as being unable to understand the ultimate meaning of ''prajñāpāramitā'' and instead must be instructed by the disciple [[Subhūti]].{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416-417}} According to Buddhist scholar [[Edward Conze]], the sutra depicts Śāriputra as being preoccupied with dualities, making him unable to grasp the true meaning of ''prajnaparamita''.{{sfn|Conze|1983|p=5}} In the ''[[Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra]]'', Śāriputra is one of the principal interlocutors, asking questions and being instructed.{{sfn|Conze|1975|p=17,25,28,29}} Conze states that Śāriputra has to be instructed in this sutra because, despite his great wisdom, ''prajnaparamita'' doctrine was too advanced for his comprehension.{{sfn|Conze|1975|p=56}} The ''[[Da zhidu lun]]'' commentary to the sutra describes Śāriputra as someone who pursued the ''[[bodhisattva]]'' path in a past life but gave up and turned to the ''[[Śrāvaka]]'' path after donating his eye to a beggar who threw the eye on the ground.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416-417}}

Religious studies scholar Douglas Osto argues that Śāriputra is portrayed as such in ''Prajñāpāramitā sutras'' due to his association with the ''Abhidharma'', which teaches that ''dharmas'' are the final reality. This is in contrast to the core teachings of ''Prajñāpāramitā sutras'', which teach that all ''dharmas'' are empty, thus making Śāriputra the ideal counterpoint.{{sfn|Black|Patton|2015|p=126}}

=== Other Mahayana Sutras ===
[[File:Lotus Sutra (Chokokan).jpg|thumb|Japanese depiction of the ''Lotus Sutra'', where Śāriputra prompts the Buddha to preach.|alt=|left]]Śāriputra plays a major role in the ''[[Heart Sutra]]'', where the teaching is directed at him. Śāriputra prompts the teaching of the sutra by asking the Mahayana ''bodhisattva'' [[Avalokiteśvara]] how to practice [[Prajnaparamita|wisdom]].{{sfn|Lopez|1988|p=52}} Avalokiteśvara's response to Śāriputra, then makes up the body of the sutra.{{sfn|Lopez|1988|p=49}} When Avalokiteśvara finishes the sutra the Buddha shows approval of the teaching, and Śāriputra, Avalokiteśvara, and the audience then rejoice.{{sfn|Lopez|1988|p=121}} In the [[Saddharmapundarika|''Lotus Sutra'']], the Buddha starts talking about the higher wisdom of [[buddhas]] and his use of skillful means (Sanskrit: ''[[upāya]]'') to teach the Dharma, which leaves the ''arhats'' in the assembly confused.{{sfn|Lopez|2016|p=12-13}} Śāriputra then asks the Buddha to explain his teachings for the benefit of other beings, prompting the Buddha to teach the ''Lotus Sutra''.{{sfn|Hanh|2008|p=38}} Later in the sutra, the Buddha explains that Śāriputra had followed the ''[[bodhisattva]]'' path in past lives but had forgotten and followed the ''Śrāvaka'' path in this life.{{sfn|Hanh|2008|p=46}} The Buddha then assures Śāriputra that he will also achieve buddhahood and declares that Śāriputra will become the future '''Buddha Padmaprabha'''.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=416-417}}{{sfn|Hanh|2008|p=47}} In the listing of the great ''arhats'' in the assembly at the beginning of the ''[[Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra]]'', Śāriputra is mentioned as the fifteenth of the great ''arhats'', while in the ''[[Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra]]'' he is placed as the first.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=491}}

== Relics ==
{{Main|Relics of Sariputta and Moggallana}}
[[File:003 Front View (33709016166).jpg|thumb|One of the [[Sanchi]] ''stupas'', where relics of Śāriputra were excavated.|alt=]]
According to accounts from the 7th century Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]], Śāriputra's as well as Maudgalyāyana's relics could be found in the Indian city of [[Mathura]] in ''stupas'' built by King [[Asoka]].{{sfn|Higham|2004|p=215}} However, as of 1999, no archaeological reports had confirmed such findings at the sites mentioned by either Chinese pilgrims or Buddhist texts, although findings were made at other sites.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=104-105}}

In 1851, archaeologists [[Alexander Cunningham]] and Lieutenant Fred. C. Maisey discovered a pair of sandstone boxes with encased bone fragments inside during an excavation of one of the [[Sanchi Stupa|''stupas'']] in the city of [[Sanchi Town|Sanchi]], with Śāriputra's and Maudgalyāyana's names inscribed on them in [[Brāhmī]] text.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=106-107}}{{sfn|Le|2010|p=148}} Śāriputra's casket contained pieces of [[sandalwood]], which Cunningham believed was part of Śāriputra's [[funeral pyre]].{{sfn|Brekke|2007|p=274}} Śāriputra's box was positioned at the south, while Maudgalyāyana's was positioned at the north.{{sfn|Cunningham|1854|p=297}} According to Cunningham, people in ancient India sat facing the east during religious ceremonies and even used the word east (''para'') for "front", as well as the word south (''dakshina'') for "right" and the word north (''vami'') for "left", meaning the positioning of the caskets symbolized each disciple's relative positions as right and left hand disciple respectively.{{sfn|Cunningham|1854|p=299-300}} This positioning has also been explained by the fact that the Buddha traditionally sat facing the east, which would make the south his right hand side, and the north his left hand side.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Life of Sariputta, compiled and translated from the Pali texts by Nyanaponika Thera.|url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanaponika/wheel090.html#app|last=Thera|first=Nyanaponika|website=www.accesstoinsight.org|access-date=2020-04-26|archive-date=2018-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109063819/https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanaponika/wheel090.html#app|url-status=live}}</ref> Another excavation by Cunningham and Maisey at ''stupas'' in the nearby town of [[Satdhāra]] found another pair of caskets with encased bone fragments with the two chief disciples' names inscribed.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=106-107}} Cunningham concluded that the relics were enshrined in ''stupas'' near Rajagaha after the disciples' deaths until the time of King Asoka, who then redistributed them in ''stupas'' throughout India.{{sfn|Brekke|2007|p=275}} Scholars have also theorized that a [[Shunga Empire|Sunga]] king may have also done a similar redistribution of the relics of the Buddha and his leading disciples and built ''stupas'' such as the one in Sanchi to enshrine them.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=105-106}}
[[File:Sanchi_Stupa_No_3_relics.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|214x214px|Sketch made by Cunningham of the Sanchi relic caskets attributed to the chief disciples.]]
Cunningham and Maisey later divided their findings among each other, with Maisey bringing the Satdhāra relics to Britain and eventually loaning them to the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in London in 1866.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=108}}{{sfn|Brekke|2007|p=277}} The relics were eventually purchased by the Museum in 1921 from Maisley's son.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=108}} Cunningham brought his findings to Britain on two ships, one of which sank, thus the Sanchi relics are believed to have been lost.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=108}}{{sfn|Brekke|2007|p=277-278}} However, historian Torkel Brekke argues that Maisey took all the relics with him, and thus the Sanchi relics went to Britain along with the Satdhāra ones.{{sfn|Brekke|2007|p=277}} In the early 20th century, Buddhist organizations in India and Burma began pressuring the British government to return the relics to India, where they can be properly venerated.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=109}} Although the Victoria and Albert Museum initially resisted, the British government eventually ordered them to return the relics for diplomatic reasons.{{sfn|Brekke|2007|p=279-284}} The relics were transferred to predominantly Buddhist [[Sri Lanka]] in 1947 in accordance with an agreement made with Buddhist organizations, where they were put on temporary display at the [[National Museum of Colombo|Colombo Museum]].<ref name=":0" />{{sfn|Maha Thera Tripitakavagisvaracarya|1892|p=118}} In 1949, the relics were sent to India where they were put on tour around northern India and various parts of Asia.{{sfn|Maha Thera Tripitakavagisvaracarya|1892|p=118}} In 1950, the relics were sent on tour to Burma, with Burmese Prime Minister [[U Nu]] later asking India for a portion of the relics. Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] agreed to make a "permanent loan" of a portion of the relics to Burma where they were enshrined in the [[Kaba Aye Pagoda]] in 1952.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=111-121}} Sri Lanka also obtained a portion of the relics, which were brought from Sanchi in 1952 and kept at the [[Maha Bodhi Society]] in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catholicphilly.com/2015/01/news/world-news/buddhist-center-breaks-tradition-shows-pope-revered-relic/|title=Buddhist center breaks tradition, shows pope revered relic|last=Akkara|first=Anto|website=Catholic Philly|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-29|archive-date=2017-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084024/http://catholicphilly.com/2015/01/news/world-news/buddhist-center-breaks-tradition-shows-pope-revered-relic/|url-status=live}}</ref> The portion of the relics that remained in India were enshrined at the Chethiyagiri Vihara in Sanchi, also in 1952.{{sfn|Daulton|1999|p=110-111}}

== Legacy ==
[[File:BACC - Bangkok - 2017-11-02 (008).jpg|thumb|Image of the Buddha with his chief disciples at [[Bangkok Art and Culture Centre]]. Śāriputra is traditionally depicted on the right side of the Buddha while Maudgalyāyana is traditionally depicted on the left.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=410}} |alt=]]
As the chief disciple of the Buddha, Śāriputra is considered to be a particularly important figure in Buddhism, especially in the [[Theravada]] tradition. According to Buddhist academic [[Reginald Ray]], Śāriputra was the greatest ''arhat'' in the [[Pāli Canon|Pali Canon]] and is ranked in the canon as being close to a second Buddha.{{sfn|Ray|1994|p=131-133}} In one text, he is referred to as "King of the Dharma" (Sanskrit: ''Dharmaraja'') a title generally reserved for the Buddha, and is described in several texts as one who "spins the wheel of the Dharma", a prerogative generally associated with Buddhas.{{sfn|Migot|1954|p=412, 500-501}} In the Pali Canon, Śāriputra is credited as the main expounder of several ''[[suttas]]'', due to the Buddha trusting in his profound teaching ability.{{sfn|Wayman|1997|p=212}} Indologist [[Alex Wayman]] describes Śāriputra as being exemplary of the four [[Brahmavihara|''brahma-vihārās'']], and credits these virtues with why the Buddha entrusted him with leadership of the Sangha.{{sfn|Wayman|1997|p=212}}

In [[Buddhist art]], he is often depicted alongside the Buddha and Maudgalyāyana, with Śāriputra usually depicted on the Buddha's right hand side and Maudgalyāyana usually depicted on the Buddha's left hand side.{{sfn|Silk|2019|p=410}} According to Nyanaponika Thera, this imagery symbolizes the relative positions they held in life, with Śāriputra being the Buddha's right hand monk.{{sfn|Hecker|Nyanaponika Thera|2003|p=47}} In Mahayana Buddhism this iconography of flanking the Buddha on his right and left is sometimes used for other figures as well, such as the Mahayana ''bodhisattvas'' [[Samantabhadra Bodhisattva|Samantabhadra]] and [[Mañjuśrī]], or the disciples [[Ānanda]] and [[Mahākāśyapa]].{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2013|p=731}} In Burma, Śāriputra is believed to grant wisdom to worshippers, and is one of eight ''arhats'' commonly shown devotion to in protective rituals.{{sfn|Buswell|2004|p=750}}

Śāriputra is notable for being representative of scholarship and settled monasticism, rather than the forest Buddhism that most of the Buddha's [[Ten Principal Disciples|principal disciples]] are associated with.{{sfn|Ray|1994|p=131-133}} Ray describes Śāriputra as the "prototypical" Buddhist saint who embodied the ideal of the Southern Buddhism that developed in ancient [[Kosambi]].{{sfn|Ray|1994|p=138}} However, Ray points out that some Pali texts, such as the ''[[Udana]]'' and ''[[Theragatha]]'', portray Śāriputra as a forest saint. He concludes that there are at least two traditions linked to him in Pali texts, forest and scholarly.{{sfn|Ray|1994|p=135-136}} Migot identifies texts that exclude Śāriputra's scholastic character as the earliest sources, and goes on to argue that the historic Śāriputra was different from the person preserved in the Pali Canon.{{sfn|Ray|1994|p=134}}{{sfn|Findly|2003|p=398}} He argues that Śāriputra was venerated as a saint in the ancient Kosambi region and that the early [[Sthavira]] school of Buddhism developed his scholarly side in accordance to the tradition's values in the region at the time, indicating that Śāriputra may originally have been a forest saint.{{sfn|Ray|1994|p=138}} Ray states that while it is possible Śāriputra's scholastic character was the result of texts that were added later, there is insufficient evidence to conclude to this.{{sfn|Ray|1994|p=134-135}}

==See also==
* [[Bhadda Kundalakesa]], a former Jain ascetic converted to Buddhism by Sāriputta
* ''[[Sammaditthi Sutta]]'', a Pali Canon discourse attributed to Sāriputta
* [[Sariputra in the Jatakas]]
*[[Citta (disciple)|Citta]]
*[[Hatthaka of Alavi]]

== Notes ==
<references group="note" responsive="1"></references>

== Citations ==
{{reflist|20em}}

== References ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Citation|last=Brekke|first=Torkel|date=2007-01-01|title=Bones of Contention: Buddhist Relics, Nationalism and the Politics of Archaeology|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/nu/54/3/article-p270_2.xml|journal=Numen|language=en|volume=54|issue=3|pages=270–303|doi=10.1163/156852707X211564|issn=1568-5276|access-date=2020-03-29|archive-date=2020-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329215128/https://brill.com/view/journals/nu/54/3/article-p270_2.xml|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}
* {{Citation |last1=Berger |first1=Patricia Ann |title=Latter Days of the Law: Images of Chinese Buddhism, 850 - 1850 ; [exhibition, August 27 - October 9 1994 ...] |date=1994 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-1662-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6ffYIPn--wC |language=en |access-date=2020-04-01 |archive-date=2021-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710204234/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6ffYIPn--wC |url-status=live }}
*{{Citation |last1=Black |first1=Dr Brian |last2=Patton |first2=Dean Laurie |title=Dialogue in Early South Asian Religions: Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Traditions |date=2015 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-4094-4012-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4EchCgAAQBAJ |language=en |access-date=2020-05-10 |archive-date=2021-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411230624/https://books.google.com/books?id=4EchCgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{Citation|last1=Bodhi |first1=Bhikkhu |last2=Dhamma |first2=Rewata |title=A comprehensive manual of Abhidhamma : the Abhidhammattha sangaha of Ācariya Anuruddha |date=1993 |publisher=BPS Pariyatti Edition |isbn=978-1-928706-02-1 |edition=1st BPS Pariyatti}}
* {{Citation|last1=Buswell|first1=Robert E. Jr.|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|date=2004|url=http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Encyclopedia%20of%20Buddhism_2%20Vols_%20Buswell.pdf|location=New York, NY|publisher=Macmillan Reference, USA|isbn=0-02-865718-7|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629160542/http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Encyclopedia%20of%20Buddhism_2%20Vols_%20Buswell.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation|last1=Buswell|first1=Robert E. Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.|date=2013|url=http://www.daophatngaynay.com/vn/files/file-nen/Princeton_Dictionary_of_Buddhism_890707662.pdf|location=Princeton, NJ|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-691-15786-3|last2=Lopez|first2=Donald S. Jr.|author2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144307/http://www.daophatngaynay.com/vn/files/file-nen/Princeton_Dictionary_of_Buddhism_890707662.pdf|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation|last1=Carus|first1=Paul|title=Ashvajit's Stanza and Its Significance|date=1905|url=http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1862&context=ocj|journal=[[Open Court Publishing Company|Open Court]]|volume=3|issue=6|author-link1=Paul Carus|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-date=2020-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027163647/https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1862&context=ocj|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation |last1=Conze |first1=Edward |title=The perfection of wisdom in eight thousand lines & its verse summary |date=1983 |publisher=Four Seasons Foundation |isbn=978-0877040484 |edition=Third printing, 1983 |url=https://huntingtonarchive.org/resources/downloads/sutras/02Prajnaparamita/Astasahasrika.pdf }}
* {{Citation|last1=Conze |first1=Edward |title=The large sutra on perfect wisdom : with the divisions of the Abhisamayālaṅkāra |date=1975 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-05321-4}}
* {{Citation |last1=Cunningham |first1=Alexander |title=The Bhilsa Topes, Or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India: A Brief Historical Sketch of the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Buddhism, Etc... |date=1854 |publisher=Smith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NuoPqdEvkloC |language=en }}
* {{Citation|last=Daulton|first=J.|title=Sariputta and Moggallana in the Golden Land: The Relics of the Buddha's Chief Disciples at the Kaba Aye Pagoda|url=https://www.niu.edu/burma/publications/jbs/vol4/Abstract4_DaultonOpt.pdf|journal=Journal of Burma Studies|volume=4|issue=1|pages=101–128|year=1999|doi=10.1353/jbs.1999.0002|s2cid=161183926|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-date=2019-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229082004/https://www.niu.edu/burma/publications/jbs/vol4/Abstract4_DaultonOpt.pdf|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88HcN_9muXcC|title=Dāna: Giving and Getting in Pali Buddhism|last=Findly|first=Ellison Banks|date=2003|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1956-6|language=en|access-date=2022-05-06|archive-date=2021-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214111828/https://books.google.com/books?id=88HcN_9muXcC|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation |last1=Hanh |first1=Thich Nhat |title=Peaceful Action, Open Heart: Lessons from the Lotus Sutra |date=2008 |publisher=Parallax Press |isbn=978-1-888375-93-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-mI2iZsGfoC |language=en |access-date=2020-04-02 |archive-date=2022-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506230856/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-mI2iZsGfoC |url-status=live }}
* {{Citation|last1=Harvey|first1=Peter|title=An introduction to Buddhism: teachings, history and practices|date=2013|url=https://toleratedindividuality.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/an-introduction-to-buddhism-teachings-history-and-practices.pdf|edition=second|location=New York|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-85942-4|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143735/https://toleratedindividuality.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/an-introduction-to-buddhism-teachings-history-and-practices.pdf|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation |last1=Hecker |first1=Hellmuth |last2=Nyanaponika Thera |title=Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy |date=2003 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-86171-381-3 |url=http://promienie.net/images/dharma/books/sutras_great-disciples-of-the-buddha.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924124422/http://promienie.net/images/dharma/books/sutras_great-disciples-of-the-buddha.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-09-24 |language=en }}
* {{Citation|last=Higham|first=Charles|url=https://archive.org/details/Encyclopedia-of-ancient-asian-civilzations/page/n239/mode/2up|title=Encyclopedia of ancient Asian civilizations|date=2004|publisher=Facts On File|isbn=0-8160-4640-9|location=New York|oclc=51978070}}
* {{Citation|last1=Irons|first1=Edward|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|date=2007|url=http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/encyclopedia_of_buddhism.pdf|location=New York|publisher=[[Facts on File]]|isbn=978-0-8160-5459-6|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-date=2017-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517061902/http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/encyclopedia_of_buddhism.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation|last=Krey|first=Gisela|date=2010-09-04|title=On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā|url=https://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=17–40|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17|issn=0265-2897|access-date=2020-03-28|archive-date=2020-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606020126/https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}
* {{Citation |last1=Le |first1=Huu Phuoc |title=Buddhist Architecture |date=2010 |publisher=Grafikol |isbn=978-0-9844043-0-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jb364g4BvoC&dq=brahmi+sanchi&pg=PA148 |language=en |access-date=2020-05-15 |archive-date=2022-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506230856/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Buddhist_Architecture/9jb364g4BvoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=brahmi+sanchi&pg=PA148&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}
* {{Citation |last1=Lopez |first1=Donald S. |title=The Heart Sūtra explained : Indian and Tibetan commentaries |date=1988 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780887065897 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5-0LLlNNTEC |access-date=2020-03-31 |archive-date=2020-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131105148/https://books.google.com/books?id=v5-0LLlNNTEC |url-status=live }}
* {{Citation|last1=Lopez |first1=Donald S. |title=The Lotus Sūtra : a biography |date=2016 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15220-2}}
* {{Citation|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/buddha-teachingsurw6.pdf|title=The Buddha and His Teachings|last=Mahathera|first=Naranda|publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc|year=1998|location=Taiwan|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826174309/http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/buddha-teachingsurw6.pdf|archive-date=26 August 2018|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation |last1=Maha Thera Tripitakavagisvaracarya |first1=Walpola Sri Rahula |title=The Maha Bodhi |date=1892 |publisher=Maha-Bodhi Society. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4fXAAAAMAAJ |language=en }}
* {{Citation|last1=Malalasekera|first1=G.P.|title=Dictionary of Pāli proper names|url=http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/sa/saariputta.htm|volume=2|year=1937|edition=1st Indian|location=Delhi|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass Publishers]]|isbn=81-208-3022-9|author-link=G P Malalasekera|access-date=2022-05-06|archive-date=2013-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805035357/http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/sa/saariputta.htm|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Au_lIP1ZnQC|title=Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names: N-H|last=Malalasekera|first=Gunapala Piyasena|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=2007|isbn=978-81-208-3022-6|language=en|access-date=2020-10-29|archive-date=2021-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927090340/https://books.google.com/books?id=8Au_lIP1ZnQC|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation|last1=Migot|first1=André|title=Un grand disciple du Buddha: Sāriputra. Son rôle dans l'histoire du bouddhisme et dans le développement de l'Abhidharma|date=1954|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1954_num_46_2_5607|journal=Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient|volume=46|issue=2|pages=405–554 |trans-title=A great disciple of the Buddha: Sāriputra, his role in Buddhist history and in the development of Abhidharma|language=fr|doi=10.3406/befeo.1954.5607|author-link=André Migot|access-date=2022-05-06|archive-date=2020-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420204636/https://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1954_num_46_2_5607|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0TMsdV8lS8wC|title=Buddhist Saints in India: A Study in Buddhist Values and Orientations|last=Ray|first=Reginald A.|date=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-535061-6|language=en|access-date=2022-05-06|archive-date=2020-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305134737/https://books.google.com/books?id=0TMsdV8lS8wC|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/buddhism/book/the-great-chronicle-of-buddhas/d/doc364489.html|title=The story of Upatissa (Sāriputta) and Kolita (Mahā Moggallāna) [Part 1]|last=Sayadaw|first=Ven. Mingun|year=1990|website=www.wisdomlib.org|access-date=2020-01-17|archive-date=2020-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222195726/https://www.wisdomlib.org/buddhism/book/the-great-chronicle-of-buddhas/d/doc364489.html|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation|last1=Shaw|first1=Sarah|title=Character, Disposition, and the Qualities of the ''Arahats'' as a Means of Communicating Buddhist Philosophy in the ''Suttas''|date=2013|url=http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/A%20Companion%20to%20Buddhist%20Philosophy_Emmanuel.pdf|encyclopedia=A companion to Buddhist philosophy|editor1-last=Emmanuel|editor1-first=Steven M.|edition=first|location=Chichester, West Sussex|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|isbn=978-0-470-65877-2|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-date=2017-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828131053/http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/A%20Companion%20to%20Buddhist%20Philosophy_Emmanuel.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation|url=http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Buddhist%20Meditation%20An%20anthology%20from%20the%20Pali%20canon_Sarah%20Shaw.pdf|title=Buddhist meditation : an anthology of texts from the Pāli canon|last=Shaw|first=Sarah|date=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-203-00731-X|location=London|oclc=70199246|access-date=2022-05-06|archive-date=2018-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911050559/http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Buddhist%20Meditation%20An%20anthology%20from%20the%20Pali%20canon_Sarah%20Shaw.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation|title=Brill's encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol Two|last=Silk|first=Jonathan A.|others=Hinüber, Oskar von,, Eltschinger, Vincent,, Bowring, Richard, 1947-, Radich, Michael|year=2019|isbn=978-90-04-29937-5|location=Leiden|oclc=909251257}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MH4EAAAAYAAJ|title=Buddha and Buddhist synods in India and abroad|last=Thakur|first=Amarnath|date=1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=9788170173175|language=en|access-date=2019-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215114437/https://books.google.com/books?id=MH4EAAAAYAAJ&hl=en|archive-date=2019-12-15|url-status=live}}
* {{Citation|last=Thomas|first=Edward J.|title=The History of Buddhist Thought|url=https://archive.org/download/historyofbuddhis031559mbp/historyofbuddhis031559mbp.pdf|year=1953|series=History of Civilization|edition=2nd|location=London|publisher=[[Routledge and Kegan Paul]]|author-link=Edward J. Thomas}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pw0q_iD3ZrAC|title=Untying the Knots in Buddhism: Selected Essays|last=Wayman|first=Alex|date=1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1321-2|language=en|access-date=2022-05-06|archive-date=2022-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506230857/https://books.google.com/books?id=Pw0q_iD3ZrAC|url-status=live}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Śāriputra}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wiktionary}}
*[http://www.budsas.org/ebud/rdbud/rdbud-02a.htm GREAT MALE DISCIPLES - Part A Upatissa (Sariputta) and Kolita (Moggallana)] by Radhika Abeysekera

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Gautama Buddha}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sariputra}}
[[Category:Foremost disciples of Gautama Buddha]]
[[Category:Arhats]]
[[Category:Converts to Buddhism]]
[[Category:5th century BC in religion]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Indian monks]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Indian people]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:6th-century BC Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:People from Magadha]]

Firkal

2026-01-21T21:41:28Z

All Singers Music Production: new pg

{{Short description|Folk dance of Jharkhand and Odisha}}
{{One source|date=May 2023}}

[[File:Firkal slowly decaying martial dance of ChotaNagpur of Jharkhand performed at Central Park Delhi IMG 0934 11.jpg|thumb|Firkal dance of Chotanagpur performed at Central Park, Delhi]]

'''Firkal''' is a martial art folk-dance of [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]] tribe. The main instruments of Firkal are swords, arrows, bows and shields. It can be found in ''[[Potka block]]'' of [[Jharkhand]] and some parts of [[Odisha]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The last frontier of Firkal martial art of Chotanagpur area – Jharkhand {{!}} Tribal Cultural Heritage in India Foundation |url=https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=5383#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=indiantribalheritage.org |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930042427/https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=5383#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Older than [[Kalaripayattu]], and even those martial art forms that trace its origins to [[China]] and [[Japan]], Firkal is still very much a living martial art-based dance form, performed mainly by the [[Bhumij people|Bhumij tribes]] of [[Chota Nagpur Division|Chotanagpur]] area in [[Jharkhand]].

At first sight, Firkal appears to be like any other warrior dance performed by [[African tribes]]. The dance recitals were originally enactments of hunting scenes and self-defence, the focus being mainly of raw macho courage. Over time, however, the evolving lifestyle of the Bhumjis has led to the modification of dance movements. Over time, the dance movements have changed into a leisurely, recreational exercise rather than a ritualistic demonstration of courage. These dance steps are variously known as ''Bagh Taal'', ''Birsa Munda Taal,'' ''Pahalbani Taal, etc.'' denotes the courageous struggle experienced by the [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]] community. The younger generation, however, seem to be unfamiliar with these dance steps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The last frontier of Firkal martial art of Chotanagpur area – Jharkhand {{!}} Tribal Cultural Heritage in India Foundation |url=https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=5383#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=indiantribalheritage.org |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930042427/https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=5383#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Firkal is still alive thanks a great deal to the efforts of Kalamandir—The Celluloid Chapter Art Foundation (TCCAF), a [[Jamshedpur]]-based NGO. For many years now, the organisation has been tirelessly working for the revival and promotion of Firkal. Today, Firkal survives in just one obscure village, Janumdih, of [[Potka block]] in [[East Singhbhum district]] of [[Jharkhand]]. A group of about 25 Bhumij tribal families here still hang on to the traditions of the discipline. Experts say Firkal is, in fact, a variation of ''Kirpan Susun'' (Kirpan means sword and susun dance), a traditional dance form among the Bhumij tribes of Chhotanagpur. The dance portrayals are mostly enactments of hunting scenes and self-defence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sunday Tribune - Books |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111120/spectrum/main5.htm |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=m.tribuneindia.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Folk dances of Jharkhand]]
* [[List of folk dances of Odisha]]
* [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]]
* [[Potka block]]

== External links ==
{{Citation |date=24 August 2015|title=FIRKAL DANCE । NATIONAL TRIBAL FESTIVAL VANAJ 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPsk2a3HgZs |access-date=25 May 2022 |publisher=Desi Cinema Classical, Ministry of tribal affairs, Govt of India|type=Video}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Folk dances of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Culture of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Bhumij]]

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril

2026-01-16T18:52:22Z

All Singers Music Production: new new place - done

{{Short description|Roller coaster at Disneyland Paris}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox roller coaster
| name = Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril
| logo = 
| logodimensions = 
| image = IndianaJones-DLRP-enter.JPG
| imagedimensions = 250px
| caption =
| location = Disneyland Park (Paris)
| section = Adventureland
| coordinates = {{coord|48.8719|2.7719|type:landmark_region:FR|display=inline}}
| status = Operating
| opened = {{Start date|1993|07|30|df=yes}}
| closed = 
| cost =
| previousattraction =
| replacement =
| extend = 
| type = Steel
| manufacturer = Intamin
| designer = [[Walt Disney Imagineering]]
| model = Looping Coaster
| track = [[Pinfari]] TL-59
| lift = [[Chain lift hill]]
| height_ft = 59
| drop_ft =
| length_m = 600
| speed_mph = 36
| inversions = 1
| duration = 1:15
| angle = 
| capacity =
| acceleration = 
| acceleration_from = 
| acceleration_mph = 
| acceleration_km/h = 
| acceleration_in = 
| gforce =
| restriction_cm = 140
| trains = 7
| carspertrain = 2
| rowspercar = 3
| ridersperrow = 2
| virtual_queue_name = [[Disney Premier Pass]]
| single_rider = 
| transfer_accessible = available
| website = {{Official website|http://www.disneylandparis.co.uk/attractions/disneyland-park/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-peril}}
| theme = {{unbulleted list|''[[Indiana Jones]]''|Runaway Mine Train}}
| rcdb_number = 957
}}

'''''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril''''' ({{langx|fr|Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril}}) is a [[roller coaster]] attraction at [[Disneyland Park (Paris)]]. It opened on 30 July 1993. Based on the ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' films, guests are taken on an adventure riding in a [[mine train roller coaster|mining train]] through a lost temple. The attraction was sponsored by [[Esso]].

==History==
Years before Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril opened in 1993, an ''Indiana Jones'' themed attraction had been in development, but due to Euro Disney Resort's ongoing financial difficulties, the attraction was retooled.<ref name="DLRPMagic 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.dlrpmagic.com/guides/disneylandpark/adventureland/indianajonesandthetempleofperil/|work=DLRPMagic.com|title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227210510/http://www.dlrpmagic.com/guides/disneylandpark/adventureland/indianajonesandthetempleofperil/|archivedate=2007-02-27}}</ref>

Originally, guests would have been able to experience a full-scale Indiana Jones land-within-a-land, featuring a huge mine cart roller coaster based on the famous sequence from ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]''. The ride would have taken guests through wild jungles, around the lost temple and inside a large showbuilding for the mine chase scenes. Rumours often circulate of other attractions to have been included in the area, such as Disneyland's EMV ([[enhanced motion vehicle]]) Indiana Jones Adventure and a new Jungle Exploration attraction based on the classic [[Jungle Cruise]].<ref name="DLRPMagic 1" />

Ultimately, the constrained budgets and requirement for a high-thrill attraction (at this point, [[Space Mountain: Mission 2|Space Mountain]] was still 2–3 years away) brought the birth of Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril, a looping coaster produced by [[Intamin]] of [[Switzerland]]. [[Giovanola]] is subcontractor. Despite lacking an indoor show building and the same scale as its "blue sky" predecessor, the final attraction stays true to the heavy theming of the original plans, with enough landscaping, winding paths and lush vegetation.<ref name="DLRPMagic 1" />

The Temple du Péril was the first roller coaster in a Disney theme park with an inversion. It also has the highest height requirement of any Disney theme park attraction worldwide, though it is no longer the most intense.<ref name="theRaider 1" /> The ride is recommended for riders size 55" (140 cm), presumably making it Disney's first thrill roller coaster for over size 50".

During the summer of 1993 (a few weeks after the opening), the emergency brakes locked on during a ride. Some people were hurt and the attraction was temporarily shut down for investigations.<ref name="theRaider 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.theraider.net/information/attractions/templeofperil.php|title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril}}</ref>

Originally, torches were illuminating the stairway at night, but were removed in 2000.<ref name="theRaider 1" />

===2000-2004 reconfiguration===
Seeking a new attraction to market for their 2000 season and wanting to bring more interest back to the attraction, the Imagineers of Disneyland Paris embarked on an ambitious project to create ''Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril: Backwards!''.<ref name="DLRPMagic 1" />

In addition to removing the bodies of each train from their chassis and reversing them, the team added an extra two seats to each car, bringing the total for each two-car train from 8 to 12. Lighting and props had to be reversed throughout the ride to ensure guests did not see any signs of "backstage", and the track of the roller coaster itself even had to be altered and reprofiled at some points.

Since guests traveling backward are unaware of upcoming curves and drops, their bodies cannot prepare for the movement. This meant some of the sharper drips and curves had to be "softened" to make the attraction a smoother experience.<ref name="DLRPMagic 1" />

The reconfigured attraction reopened on 1 April 2000. On 27 November 2004, the attraction was "reversed" once more to return the trains to their original forward direction.<ref name="DLRPMagic 1" />

===2014 refurbishment===
The ride was closed on 7 January 2014 for a major refurbishment, which includes partially demolishing and rebuilding the structure and track with more durable materials to keep the ride safe and secure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.micechat.com/44222-disneyland-paris-indiana-jones-attraction-to-be-rebuilt-in-stone/|title=Disneyland Paris' Indiana Jones Attraction to be Rebuilt in Stone}}</ref> Rumours also suggested that the rebuilt attraction might have been slightly different from the original 1993 plans to make way for future rides at the resort. The ride reopened on May 28, 2014, and in the end remained identical to the original plans but with a slightly larger loop and structures designed with real stone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.endorexpress.net/2014/01/paris-indy-coaster-to-be-rebuilt/|title=Paris Indy coaster to be rebuilt|work=EndorExpress|access-date=8 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108234014/http://www.endorexpress.net/2014/01/paris-indy-coaster-to-be-rebuilt/|archive-date=8 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Design==
[[File:DLP IndyStation.jpg|right|thumb|The loading station]]

The attraction is designed around the theme of an expedition to the lost Temple of Peril. The queue wanders through an abandoned base camp, meandering toward the temple where guests climb a staircase to the temple entrance. Inside the temple, guests board a mine car-styled ride vehicle.

According to [[Disney]] [[Disney Imagineer|Imagineer]] Tony Baxter, "Temple du Péril is a traditional roller coaster attraction; the roller coaster cars, which are supposed to be mine cars, are going up and down over the surface of the temple, clearing debris or putting back the artifacts and so forth. It's a very simple little premise. Then the car seems to go out of control and upside down during its trip around the various temple pieces."<ref name="IndianaJones.com 1">{{cite web|url=http://indianajones.com/community/news/f20040525/indexp2.html|title=Behind the Indiana Jones Thrill Rides|date=May 25, 2004}}</ref>

The track layout of the attraction is based on the layout of the first looping roller coaster built by the [[Pinfari]] company. Pinfari called this a TL-59, the TL stands for "The Loop" and the 59 is for the ride's 59m width. This [[Intamin]] version copies the course but uses a track style which is unique to Intamin.

The style and basic design of this attraction was used as the inspiration and basis for the [[Tokyo DisneySea]] coaster [[Raging Spirits]].<ref name="DLRPMagic 1" />

==See also==
*[[Indiana Jones Adventure]]
*[[Raging Spirits]]
*''[[Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular!]]''

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.disneylandparis.co.uk/attractions/disneyland-park/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-peril/}}

{{Indiana Jones}}
{{Disneyland Park (Paris)}}
{{Disney rides}}
{{Intamin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indiana Jones And The Temple Of Peril}}

[[Category:Walt Disney Parks and Resorts attractions]]
[[Category:Adventureland (Disney)]]
[[Category:Disneyland Park (Paris)]]
[[Category:Roller coasters at Disneyland Park (Paris)]]
[[Category:Roller coasters manufactured by Intamin]]
[[Category:Steel roller coasters]]
[[Category:Indiana Jones in amusement parks]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in France]]

Jomonte Suvisheshangal

2026-01-10T20:27:39Z

All Singers Music Production: add content for accuracy and corrected details

{{short description|2017 film by Sathyan Anthikad}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jomonte SuvisheshangalI
| image = Jomonte Suvisheshangal.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sathyan Anthikad]]
| producer = Sethu Mannarkad
| writer = [[Iqbal Kuttippuram]]
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Dulquer Salmaan]]|[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]|[[Aishwarya Rajesh]]|[[Anupama Parameswaran]]}}
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = [[S. Kumar (cinematographer)|S. Kumar]]
| editing = [[K. Rajagopal (film editor)|K. Rajagopal]]
| studio = Full Moon Cinema
| distributor = [[Kalasangham Films]] Evergreen Films
| released = {{Film date|2017|01|19|df=y|ref1=<ref>{{cite news|author=Unni.k.Warrier|title=ജോമോന്റെ സുവിശേ‌ഷങ്ങൾ 19–ന് എത്തും.|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/exclusives/jomonte-suvisheshangal-movie-to-release-soon.html|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=14 January 2017}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 156 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Jomonte Suviseshangal |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/jomonte-suviseshangal-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mzqymtg |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|43.67 [[crore]]|link=yes}}<ref name="boxoffice" />
}}

'''''Jomonte Suvisheshangal''''' ({{Translation}} ''Jomon's Gospels'') is a 2017 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[Family film|family]] [[Drama film|drama]] [[film]] directed by [[Sathyan Anthikkad]] and written by [[Iqbal Kuttippuram]]. The film stars [[Dulquer Salmaan]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] (in her Malayalam debut) and [[Anupama Parameswaran]] in the lead roles.<ref>[http://www.nowrunning.com/satyan-anthikkads-dulquer-salman-movie-titled-jomonte-suvisheshangal/124515/story.htm Satyan Anthikkad's Dulquer Salman movie titled 'Jomonte Suvisheshangal'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206110848/http://www.nowrunning.com/satyan-anthikkads-dulquer-salman-movie-titled-jomonte-suvisheshangal/124515/story.htm |date=6 December 2016 }}. Nowrunning.com (2016-09-09). Retrieved on 2017-03-09.</ref><ref>[http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/dulquer-salmaan-sathyan-anthikad-jomonte-suvisheshangal.html It's out! Catch the first look of Dulquer Salmaan-Sathyan Anthikad film]. English.manoramaonline.com. Retrieved on 2017-03-09.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/aishwarya-rajesh-joins-dulquer-in-jomonte-suvisheshangal.html|title='Jomonte Suvisheshangal': Actress Aishwarya Rajesh joins Dulquer-starrer|last=|first=|date=20 September 2016|website=Malayala Manorama|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>

==Plot==
Jomon is an irresponsible son, the third, of self-made businessman and widower Vincent. The story, set in [[Thrissur]], revolves around Vincent's family, which focuses on the relationship between the father and the son. Vincent, who is very fond of his son, constantly tries to instill in him a sense of responsibility, only to be met with failure.

Jomon falls in love with Catherine, whom he meets in the church while attending the Sunday mass on his father's insistence. Vincent also puts Jomon in charge of gent's wear store so that his son develops a sense of maturity. However, much to Vincent's dismay, Jomon sells it to the store manager, for an amount of {{INR}}40 lakh. It is later revealed that Jomon sold the store, along with his expensive motorcycle, to invest in and become the managing partner of a textile store in [[Tiruppur]] along with his friend Mushtaq.

Meanwhile, a financial catastrophe befalls Vincent. He loses all his property and is evicted from his house. Abandoned by all other family members, he joins Jomon in Thiruppur where they begin to live a modest life. Jomon is forced to terminate his relationship with Catherine due to the family's newfound financial constraints.

Jomon's life in Thiruppur is equally turbulent as the new business venture fails as a result of Mushtaq's extravagant lifestyle. He starts working as a salesman for a textile company, during the course of which he befriends Vaidehi, an accountant at a textile manufacturing company he happens to visit on business. Vincent, who also has difficulties adjusting to the new lifestyle, takes up the job of a tailor to fund his expensive habit of smoking imported cigarettes.

After a series of setbacks in their business, Jomon and Mushtaq, along with Vaidehi, manage to successfully build a new business venture. Soon, Jomon is able to buy back Vincent's old house and the family reunites with new lessons learnt. In the end it is revealed to Vincent (who thought his son had only learned the importance of money but not of relationships) that Jomon had fallen in love with Vaidehi, who moved into Thrissur along with her father.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Dulquer Salmaan]] as Jomon T. Vincent
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Vincent, Jomon's father
* [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] as Vaidehi Perumal
* [[Anupama Parameswaran]] as Catherine
* [[Shivaji Guruvayoor]] as Ravunni
* [[Manobala]] as Perumal
* [[Jacob Gregory]] as Muzthaq
* Indu Thampy as Dr. Jeslin Alphonse, Jomon's sister-in-law
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Palodan
* [[Muthumani]] as Laly, Jomon's sister
* [[Vinu Mohan]] as Dr. Alphonse Vincent, Jomon's brother
* [[Irshad (actor)|Irshad]] as Joshy
* [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]] as Dr. Kuriakose
* Rasna Pavithran as Tessa
* [[Rahul Ravi]] as Tessa's husband
* Disney James as Tony
* [[Ashvin Mathew]] as David
* [[Sethulakshmi (actress)|Sethulakshmi]] as T. C. Mariyamma
* Harish Siva as friend
* [[Chembil Ashokan]]
* Veenah Naair as Catherine's mother
* Vinod Kedamangalam
*[[Kottachi]] as SriMuruga Texport Manager
*[[Supergood Subramani]] as [[Clothing industry|Garments factory]] owner
{{colend}}

==Production==
[[Principal photography]] commenced from August 2016 in [[Thrissur]]. The second schedule started on 21 October in [[Tirupur]].

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Jomonte Suvisheshangal
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| released = 2 December 2016
| recorded = [[Varsha Vallaki Studios]]
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature Film Soundtrack]]
| length = 13:06
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label = [[Muzik247]]
| producer = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| prev_title = [[Thoppil Joppan]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Thiruttu Payale 2]]
| next_year = 2016
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|lOqZPpLcQAw|Official Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}

The music and score for the film is composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] with lyrics penned by Rafeeq Ahammed. [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] is working with [[Sathyan Anthikad]] for the third time. The complete album was released by [[Muzik247]] in their official YouTube channel on 2 December 2016. The film had three songs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pressks.com/entertainment/dulquer-salmaan-jomonte-suvisheshangal-movie-songs-check-audio-jukebox/11778/|title=Jomonte Suvisheshangal Songs Out|last=|first=|date=2 December 2016|website=pressks|publisher=|access-date=4 December 2016}}</ref>

{{track listing
| all_writing =
| all_music =
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Nokki Nokki
| length1 = 4:18
| extra1 = [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]], Merin Gregory
| title2 = Poonkattey
| length2 = 4:22
| extra2 = Balram
| title3 = Neelakasham
| length3 = 4:26
| extra3 = [[Najim Arshad]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| title4 =
| length4 =
| title5 =
| length5 =
| title6 =
| length6 =
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| title11 =
| length11 =
| title12 =
| length12 =
| title13 =
| length13 =
| title14 =
| length14 =
| title15 =
| length15 =
| title16 =
| length16 =
| title17 =
| length17 =
| title18 =
| length18 =
| title19 =
| length19 =
| title20 =
| length20 =
| total_length = 13:06
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
Initially, ''Jomonte Suvisheshangal'' was scheduled to release on 16 December 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Jomonte-Suvisheshangal-to-release-on-Dec-16/articleshow/55525635.cms|title=Jomonte Suvisheshangal to release on Dec 16|website=Times of India|date=2016-11-20|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref> Later, the date was pushed and was released on 19 January 2017 due to a theatre strike in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/urgent-dulquer-salmaans-jomonte-suviseshangal-mohanlals-munthirivallikal-thalirkkumbol-712277|title=Dulquer Salmaan's Jomonte Suviseshangal, Mohanlal's Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol, Prithviraj Sukumaran's Ezra release dates out|website=International Business Times|date=2017-01-15|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref> The film was released in [[Dubai]] on 1 February 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dulquer-salmaan-jomonte-suvisheshangal-premiere-dubai-56633|title=Dulquer Salmaan at 'Jomonte Suvisheshangal' premiere in Dubai |website=The News Minute|date=2017-02-01|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
''Jomonte Suvisheshangal'' collected ₹24 crore from [[Kerala]] alone, ₹5.6 crore from rest of [[India]], ₹9.97 crore from [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]-[[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]] and ₹4.1 crore from rest of the worldwide box office. The film ran for 60 days in its theatres and it collected around ₹43.67 crore from the worldwide box office.<ref name="boxoffice">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dulquer-salmaans-jomonte-suviseshangal-becomes-his-solo-biggest-grosser-60-days-its-theatrical-720296|title=Dulquer Salmaan's Jomonte Suviseshangal becomes his solo biggest Malayalam grosser in 60 days of its theatrical run|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=2017-03-21|access-date=2020-01-01|quote=...the movie has collected approximately Rs 24 crores from Kerala alone, apart from the Rs 5.6 crore from the rest of India, Rs 9.97 crore from the UAE-GCC regions and Rs 4.1 crore from elsewhere.}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
S.R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "This is the Sathyan Anthikkad version of what you have seen in the similarly named ''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'', it's all about the chemistry between the father and the son, something which we have seen in quite a number of Sathyan movies".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jomonte-suvisheshangal-similar-fare/article17067780.ece1|title=Jomonte Suvisheshangal: similar fare|website=The Hindu|date=2017-01-20|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref>
''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Jomon’s tale can definitely be a hit with the section of audience for who relate to elements like family sentiments, human traits of endurance and parent-child bond. The movie can also win the hearts of fans of Dulquer Salmaan and his mannerisms as the actor indeed comes across as charming in a few sequences".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/jomonte-suvisheshangal/movie-review/56665398.cms|title=Jomonte Suvisheshangal Movie Review|website=Times of India|date=2017-01-19|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref>
''[[India Today]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "''Jomonte Suveshishangal'' soars high with its pleasing story. The film itself is one of those enjoyable long rides one would take with a Yesudas song".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/jomonte-suvisheshangal-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-anupama-mukesh-956261-2017-01-21|title=Jomonte Suvisheshangal movie review: Dulquer Salmaan's film is a fun-filled entertainer|website=India Today|date=2017-01-21|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref>

''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "''Jomonte Suveshishangal'' is a delightful film written by Iqbal Kuttippuram. The film narrates the uplifting journey of its title character, played by Dulquer Salmaan. Mukesh and Dulquer as father and son are delightful".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mollywood-movie-review/jomonte-suviseshangal-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-malayalam-film-story-rating-4481112/|title=Jomonte Suviseshangal movie review: Dulquer Salmaan-starrer is a delightful film|website=The Indian Express|date=2017-01-19|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref>

== Home media ==
Though initially, the movie didn't have a streaming partner, it strarted streaming on [[ManoramaMax]] after the launch of the service.
The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version ''Andamaina Jeevitham'' was released on [[Prime video|Amazon Prime Video]] for streaming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Andamaina Jeevitham|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Andamaina-Jeevitham/0P9FLSUV86OHQ0RUB6LYORGJPP|access-date=2020-01-01|website=Amazon}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| 16 June 2018
| [[65th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam|Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam]]
| [[Aishwarya Rajesh]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2018/telugu/nominations|title=TELUGU NOMINATIONS FOR FILMFARE AWARDS SOUTH 2018.|website=Filmfare|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|14 &15 September 2018
| rowspan="3"|[[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Malayalam
| [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2017-nominations-malayalam-maheshinte-prathikaram-leads-check-date-venue-ticket-728836|title=SIIMA Awards 2017 nominations (Malayalam): Maheshinte Prathikaram leads; check date, venue, ticket details|website=International Business Times|date=2017-05-31|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref>
|-
| Best Comedian – Malayalam
| [[Jacob Gregory]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Female Playback Singer – Malayalam
| [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2017-11-28
|[[Asiavision Awards]]
| [[Asiavision Awards#Winners 2017|Outstanding Performer – National]]
| [[Aishwarya Rajesh]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/asiavision-movie-awards-2017-deepika-padukone-dulquer-salmaan-manju-warrier-tovino-thomas-grace-751076|title=Asiavision Movie Awards 2017: Deepika Padukone, Dulquer Salmaan, Manju Warrier, Tovino Thomas grace event [PHOTOS]|website=International Business Times|date=2017-11-28|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt6059074}}

{{Sathyan Anthikad}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sathyan Anthikad]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]

Khwabon Ke Darmiyan

2025-12-09T22:07:45Z

All Singers Music Production: expand formatting also and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Khwabon ki dharmiyan.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = Soap opera
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| network = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2014|11|17|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2016|05|02}}
| num_episodes = 305
| num_seasons = 1
}}

'''''Khwabon Ke Darmiyaan'''''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-27|title=Khwabon ke darmiyan {{!}} Doordarshan {{!}} Story {{!}} Tagline {{!}} Timings|url=https://www.droutinelife.com/2014/11/khwabon-ke-darmiyan-doordarshan-story-tagline-timings/|access-date=2021-02-03|website=DROUTINELIFE - TV SERIALS & MOVIES CASTS & REVIEWS|language=en-US}}</ref> is a TV show which aired on [[Doordarshan]] National on 17 November 2014 and This TV Shows Tagline is "''Sach aur sapno se jhoojhti zindagi"'' The show has televised over 300 episodes in the prime time evening slot of 7:30 pm from Monday to Thursday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/khwabon-ke-darmiyaan|title= Khwabon Ke Darmiyaan|accessdate=12 May 2019}}</ref>

==Plot==
A group of women faces several challenging obstacles in their lives while trying to fulfil their dreams and aspirations.

==Cast==
*Nishant Pandey as Nishant (Main Male lead);(Pratishtha's love interest but after her, he married Pam); (Ashtha's Best-Friend) <ref name="as">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-khwabon-ke-darmiyaan-actor-nishant-pandey-wants-to-get-back-to-television-after-doing-web-shows/articleshow/93538807.cms|title=Exclusive - Khwabon Ke Darmiyaan actor Nishant Pandey wants to get back to television after doing web shows|website=Times Of India|date=13 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>
*[[Harsha Khandeparkar]] as Ashtha (Main female lead); (Aasman's love interest but after Aasman's death she married karan)
*Shashwat Saurabh Bhasin as karan (Second Male lead); (Ashta's husband;Ayesha fiance; Ballu's second son; Pam's brother; Rudra's half- brother)
*Latisha Surve as pam (Ballu's youngest daughter; Karan's sister;Rudra half-sister)
*Prakash Ramchandani as Ballu Khurana (Karan, Pam and Rudra's father;)
*Bidisha Ghosh Sharma as Dolly (Ballu khurana's wife; Pam and Karan's mother; Rudra's stepmother)
*Nikhil Pandey as Rudra (Alka and Ballu khuranna son; Pam and Karan's half-brother)
*[[Chandan Madan (actor)|Chandan Madan]] as Dr. Aasman Saxena (Ashtha's love interest)
*Maansi Jain as Ayesha (Karan's ex girlfriend; Rudra's fiancee)(Antagonist)
*[[Siddharth Gollapudi]] as Joseph Matthews

*Nissar Khan as Siddhant Kapoor

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:DD National original programming]]

Locu Sinai

2025-12-06T09:15:21Z

All Singers Music Production: Started new article with sources...

{{Short description|Portuguese tax collector}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Locu Sinai
| birth_place = [[Chorão (Island)|Chorão]], [[Sultanate of Bijapur]]
| birth_date = Before 1527
| death_date = After 1555
|office = Chief Tax Collector
|office2 = Village Judicial Authority
|predecessor = Crishna
| spouse = Donna Isabel
| relatives = [[Garcia de Sá]] (godfather)
}}

'''Lucas de Sá''' (born''' Locu Sinai''') was a Portuguese tax collector. Born in a [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]] family of high social status, they would later convert to become [[Christian Brahmin]]s on the [[islet]] of [[Chorão (Island)|Chorão]], in [[Portuguese Goa]]. Nothing is known about his birth or death. The oldest document mentions his name first in the year 1527 and it is certain that in 1555 he was still living.<ref>''The Island of Chorão (A Historical Sketch)''; 1962; by Francisco Xavier Gomes Catão; p. 34 {{OCLC|29051875}}</ref> The Portuguese referred to him as ''O Comprido'' ([[Indo-Portuguese]]; "the tall one").<ref>{{cite book|last=Županov|first= Ines G.|authorlink=Ines G. Županov| year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nix4M4dy7nQC|title=Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th–17th centuries)|page=131|publisher=University of Michigan|isbn=0-472-11490-5}}</ref>

== Biography ==
In the history of the [[Christianization of Goa]], one noteworthy feature is the conversion of Locu, known as "the Greatest Giant of the [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin|Goan Brahmin Community]]".{{cn|date=March 2025}}

Locu was one of the three most important and influential Brahmins from the Island of [[Chorão (Island)|Chorão]].<ref>Fr. Francisco de Souza ''Or Conq. P.I.C. Div I''; para 43.</ref> One of these three named Crishna was the ''Tanador-mor'' (Village Judicial Authority) and Locu and Gopu were the other two. All these three held the first place among the ''Gauncares'' of [[Chorão (Island)|Chorão]]. Locu was the ''rendeiro-mor'' (chief tax collector) of [[Goa]] and this important post was held in the same high esteem as the one of ''tanador-mor'' and therefore Crishna who was the ''Tanador-mor'' and Locu both officials enjoyed great prestige and had a powerful influence on the ''Gauncars'' to the extent of dissuading them from becoming [[Christians]]. Hence they were a great obstacle to [[evangelization]] in Goa, as is recorded in a letter written to King [[John III of Portugal]] by Martin Afonso de Melo on 6 November 1541.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

=== Conversion to Christianity===
Locu was affluent and rich but wars reduced him to poverty and as he was unable to meet his commitments to the Treasury (the income of three years 3,500 ''[[Portuguese Indian rupia|pardaus]]'' accruing from the provinces of [[Salsette]] and [[Bardes]], he was put in jail.{{cn|date=March 2025}} Conveniently, a few days later Locu called for Fr. Antonio Gomes and asked to be baptized. This was an elegant way out of his difficult situation and the pending court cases for corruption, bribery and failure to pay his leaseholder obligations.<ref>''Missionary Topics''; Županov; p. 131</ref>

According to [[Bishop of Goa]] [[João Afonso de Albuquerque (bishop)|João Afonso de Albuquerque]] the "whip" of poverty and want was sent by God to move Locu's heart.{{cn|date=March 2025}} His baptism took place on Sunday, 30 September 1548. Fr Gaspar Berze (Barzeu) says in his letter "The baptism took place in our college on a Sunday with a solemn mass and sermon. The [[Governor of Portuguese India]] [[Garcia de Sá]] stood as [[Godparent|godfather]] whilst the baptising minister was Bishop Albuquerque himself. Locu took the surname of his sponsor and was christened by the name of Lucas de Sá. His wife took the name of Donna Isabel and his nephew was named Dom Antonio. They were then carried on horse-back accompanied by all important people of the place who had come for the occasion and also by many [[Brahmin]]s and they wended their way to the house of Rui Guimarães and celebrated the occasion in a festive way. The whole city appeared to be celebrating a grand feast with the branches of pine trees at the church square of [[Rossio]], [[Lisbon]] on [[Easter Sunday]]. For the Glory of God, the festival was kept on for one full week. The Brahmins stated that since the father had turned a [[Christians|Christian]], his sons too would do the same. As for Locu he said that "more people would become Christians than the hair on his head".<ref>''Documentação''; vol. 4. pp. 167-168</ref>

Locu rode on a well-dressed horse and with an escort consisting of the Portuguese [[Grandee]]s went through the streets of the city which were well decorated and ornamented, receiving ''[[Vive, viva, and vivat|vivas]]'' from the people whilst at the same time the bells were ringing merrily. The artillery too joined in the citywide rejoicing, but the most gratifying sounds to be heard were the voices of the Brahmins who, since their chief had turned a Catholic, thought that they too would do the same, and actually it did not take long for many to follow his example.<ref>''The Island of Chorão''; Gomes Catão; p. 33 </ref>

A letter (till now extant) written on 13 December 1548 by Fr. Gaspar Berze, S.J to the [[Jesuits]] in [[Coimbra]] registers the following "This Locu was a very wealthy man. Every year his property gave him 6,000 ''[[Portuguese Indian rupia|pardaus]]''; he was very well treated by the Portuguese, performed on their behalf a lot of good work and was so liberal, that he was supposed to be spending 1,000 ''[[Portuguese Indian rupia|pardaus]]'', distributing much in alms giving. One of the things that God must have taken into account for him to become a Christian must have been his good deeds.<ref>''Documentação''; Vol. IV, p. 168</ref>

=== Village judicial authority ===
On the recommendation of Bishop Albuquerque Locu was appointed ''Tanador-mor'' (Village Judicial Authority); in addition to this many honors, privileges and favours were conferred upon him. But it must be added that the case against him continued.<ref>''The Island of Chorão''; Gomes Catão; p. 33 </ref>

== Descendants ==
Due to the [[Epidemics in Chorão Island|Chorão epidemic]] in the 18th century, Locu's descendants left for [[Calangute]] in 1762 and settled there permanently in 1772. Among the direct male descendants there have been many priests, lawyers and doctors. Dr. Luis José Bras de Sà, the former Health officer of [[Bardes]], belonged to this family.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Island of Chorão (A Historical Sketch)|date=1962|first=Francisco Xavier|last=Gomes Catão|page=34 |oclc=29051875}}</ref>

==Further reading==
*''The Island of Chorão (A Historical Sketch)''; by Francisco Xavier Gomes Catão, Mar Louis Memorial Press, Alwaye (1962)
*''Missionary Tropics: the Catholic Frontier in India (16th-17th Centuries)''; by Ines G. Zupanov

== References ==
===Footnotes===
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:People from Chorão (island)]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Hinduism]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholics]]

Sulabh International Museum of Toilets

2025-11-25T07:35:25Z

All Singers Music Production: brief expanded intro for consistency further per standard format

{{Short description|Museum in New Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox museum
| name = Sulabh International Museum of Toilets
| image = Sulabh ecosan toilet.jpg
| caption = Example of two [[ecosan]] toilet squatting pans, found in a Sulabh complex in India
| imagesize =
| map_type =
| map_caption = Example of two "ecosan" toilet slabs, found in a Sulabh complex in India
| latitude =
| longitude =
| established = 1992
| dissolved =
| location = [[New Delhi]], India
| type =
| visitors =
| curator =
| publictransit =
| website = {{website|https://sulabhtoiletmuseum.org}}
}}

The '''Sulabh International Museum of Toilets''' in [[Delhi]] is run by the [[Sulabh International]], dedicated to the global history of sanitation and [[toilet]]s. According to ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, the museum is one of the weirdest museums<ref name="Ebook">[https://www.sulabhtoiletmuseum.org/e-book/eBookSimot.pdf Sulabh Toilet Museum], E-book</ref><ref name=India>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20150427-36-hours-in-delhi-818160-2015-04-16|title=36 hours in Delhi|access-date=1 May 2015|date=16 April 2015|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> among the "10 museums around the world that are anything but mundane".<ref name=world>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/delhis-toilets-museum-among-worlds-10-weirdest-museums/article6034374.ece|title=Delhi's toilets museum among world's 10 weirdest museums|accessdate=1 May 2015|date=22 May 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was established in 1992 by Dr. [[Bindeshwar Pathak]], a social activist, founder of Sulabh Sanitation and Social Reform Movement, recipient of national and international awards including the [[Stockholm Water Prize]] in 2009. His objective in establishing this museum was to highlight the need to address the problems of the sanitation sector in the country, considering the efforts made in various parts of the world in this field since the third millennium [[BCE]].<ref name=Pathak>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sulabhtoiletmuseum.org/about-us/|title=The Museum|accessdate=1 May 2015|publisher=Sulabhtoiletmuseum Organization}}</ref>

==Features==
Established in 1992, the museum<ref name=Pathak/> has exhibits from 50 countries.<ref name=India/> Sanitation artifacts, spanning from 3000 BC through the end of the 20th Century, are arranged chronologically: "Ancient, Medieval and Modern."<ref name=Pathak/>

The museum's exhibits bring out the development of toilet-related technology of the entire gamut of human history. Over time, they highlight social habits, etiquette specific to the existing sanitary situation, and their legal framework. The items on display include [[Outhouse|privies]], [[chamber pot]]s, decorated [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[toilet seats]], toilet furniture, [[bidet]]s and [[water closet]]s in vogue since from 1145 [[AD]] to the present. Display boards have poetry related to toilets and their use.<ref name=Pathak/><ref name=Delhi>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/delhis-toilets-museum-among-worlds-10-weirdest-museums-563118|title=Delhi's Toilets Museum Among World's 10 Weirdest Museums|accessdate=1 May 2015|date=21 May 2014|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

Some of the interesting and amusing objects and information charts on display are: a reproduction of a commode in the form of treasure chest of the British medieval period;<ref name=Pathak/> a reproduction of the supposed toilet of [[King Louis XIV]] which is reported to have been used by the king to defecate while holding court;<ref name=Delhi/> a toilet camouflaged in the form of a bookcase;<ref name=world/> information on the technology transfer from [[Russia]] to [[NASA]] to convert [[urine]] into [[potable water]], a deal of $19 million; display boards with comics, jokes and cartoons related to humour on toilets;<ref name=India/> toilet pots made of gold and silver used by the Roman emperors; information about [[Flush toilet|flush]] pot designed in 1596 by Sir [[John Harington (writer)|John Harington]] during Queen [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]'s regime; the [[sewerage system]] that existed during the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan Civilization]]; and historical information from the [[Lothal]] [[archeological site]] on the development of toilets during the [[Indus Valley civilization]].<ref name=Pathak/>

==See also==
* [[Haewoojae]]
* [[Toilet History Museum]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=The World's 100 Weirdest Museums: From the Moist Towelette Museum in Michigan to the Museum of Broken Relationships in Zagreb
|first1=Geoff |last1=Tibballs |type=E boo |date=October 2016}}

{{Toilets}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord|28.5966|77.0808|display=title}}

[[Category:New Delhi]]
[[Category:Museums in Delhi]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Sanitation]]
[[Category:Toilets]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1992]]

Farakka Express (via Ayodhya Cantt)

2025-10-26T09:11:31Z

All Singers Music Production: new a stub

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = 15743/15744 Farakka Express (via Ayodhya Cantt)
| image = Farakka at unnao.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Farakka Express At Unnao Junction
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1963|10|01}} as 83 UP/84 DN
| last =
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]] after extension in 2024.
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Balurghat}} (BLGT)
| stops = 69
| end = {{stnlnk|Bathinda}} (BTI)
| distance = {{convert|1864|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 42 hrs 45 mins for 15743 & 44 hrs 25 mins for 15744
| frequency = 4 days a week. {{efn|Runs four days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 1st Class, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, AC 3 tier Economy, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 15743 / 15744
| speed = {{convert|43.60|km/h|0|abbr=on}} for 15743 & {{convert|42|km/h|0|abbr=on}} for 15744 average including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 15743 / 15744 '''Farakka Express (via Ayodhya Cantt)''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to the [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Balurghat}} and {{stnlnk|Bathinda Junction}} in India on four days in a week basis.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Railways-diverts-16-trains/articleshow/54502262.cms Railways diverts 16 trains]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rail-block-to-affect-movement-of-trains-between-Lucknow-and-Kanpur-for-27-days/articleshow/55333434.cms Rail block to affect movement of trains]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Doon-accident-3-trains-cancelled-routes-of-over-a-dozen-diverted/articleshow/13695759.cms Doon accident: 3 trains cancelled, routes of over a dozen diverted]</ref>

==History==

Originally on 1963, The Farakka Express was started from now abandoned '''Farakka Railway Station (FKK)''' by the Late Gani Khan Chowdhury. The train was scheduled to run 3 days via Sultanpur & 4 days via Ayodhya. From 1963-1973, Farakka Express via Sultanpur used to depart {{stnlnk|Farakka}} at 23.00 PM at night reaching {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction}} on 3rd day morning at 04.30 AM. Meanwhile Farakka Express via Ayodhya used to same timings till Varanasi & reaching {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction}} on 3rd day morning at 06.00 AM. After [[Farakka Barrage]] was made, Old Farakka Station was closed, {{stnlnk|New Farakka Junction}} was made & the train got extended to {{stnlnk|Malda Town}}. From 1975 to 2000, timings of Farakka Express via Sultanpur was {{stnlnk|Malda Town}} departure 21.45 PM & {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction}} arrival on 3rd day morning 04.35 AM. Timings of Farakka Express via Ayodhya was {{stnlnk|Malda Town}} departure 21.45 PM & {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction}} arrival on 3rd day morning 06.05 AM. In 2001, both the trains was extended to {{stnlnk|Bhiwani Junction}} until 2009. From 2009 both the Farakka Express was running only between {{stnlnk|Malda Town}} & {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction}} until 2024. On 2024, both the trains were extended to {{stnlnk|Balurghat}} & '''{{stnlnk|Bathinda Junction}}''' & slowed down disastrously.

== Route and halts ==
* '''{{stnlnk|Balurghat}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Eklakhi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Malda Town}}
* {{stnlnk|New Farakka Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Barharwa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Sahibganj Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhagalpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jamalpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kiul Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Patna Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Danapur}}
* {{stnlnk|Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction||Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Jn.}}
* {{stnlnk|Varanasi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jaunpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ayodhya Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Barabanki Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Lucknow Charbagh}}
* {{stnlnk|Unnao Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kanpur Central}}
* {{stnlnk|Etawah Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Tundla Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Aligarh Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ghaziabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Delhi Shahdara Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Delhi Junction}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Rohtak Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jind Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jakhal Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Bathinda Junction}}'''

== Service==

Currently the 15743/15744 Farakka Express has an average speed of {{convert|43.60|km/h|mph}} and covers {{convert|1864|km|mi}} in 42 hrs 45 mins. 15743 departs {{stnlnk|Balurghat}} at 17.00 hrs & reaches {{stnlnk|Bathinda Junction}} at 11.45 AM on 3rd day. 15744 departs {{stnlnk|Bathinda Junction}} at 15.50 PM & reaches {{stnlnk|Balurghat}} at 12.15 PM on 3rd day covering {{convert|1864|km|mi}} in 44 hrs 25 mins having an average speed of {{convert|42|km/h|mph}}.

==Coach composition==

The train has standard [[LHB coach|LHB rakes]] with a max speed of 130 kmph. The train consists of 22 coaches:

* 1 AC 1st Class Sleeper
* 1 AC II Tier
* 7 AC III Tier
* 1 AC III Tier Economy
* 6 Sleeper coaches
* 1 Pantry car
* 3 General
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

==Traction==

As the route is now fully electrified, it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Howrah|Howrah Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-5]] / [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive on its entire journey.

==Rake sharing==

The train shares its rake with 15733 / 15734 [[Farakka Express|Farakka Express (via Sultanpur)]].

== See also ==

* [[Malda Town railway station]]
* [[Delhi Junction railway station]]
* [[Farakka Express]]
* [[Malda Town–New Delhi Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/455 13483/Farakka Express (via Ayodhya Cantt.)]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/456 13484/Farakka Express (via Ayodhya Cantt.)]

{{Railways in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Farakka Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Transport in Maldah]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Kunja Rajitha

2025-10-17T09:27:05Z

All Singers Music Production: Starting the post nd citations

{{Short description|Indian sprinter}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Kunja Rajitha
| birth_name = Kunja Rajitha
| image =
| caption =
| nationality = {{IND}}n
| sport = [[Track and Field|Athletics]]
| event = [[Sprinting|Sprint]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|01|01|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| pb = 
| show-medals =
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}}[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Asian Athletics Championships|2025 Gumi]]|[[2025 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4x400m relay]]}}
}}

'''Kunja Rajitha''' (born January 1, 2003) is an Indian sprinter who specializes in the 400 meters. In 2025, she became the Asian Champion as part of the Indian [[2025 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|women’s 4x400-meter relay]] team.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=K. Kalyan Krishna |date=2025-06-01 |title=From tribal village to Asian gold: Sprinter Rajitha races toward Olympic dream |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2025/Jun/01/from-tribal-village-to-asian-gold-sprinter-rajitha-races-toward-olympic-dream |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==

Rajitha made her international debut in 2021, finishing fourth with the Indian 4x400-meter relay team at the World Athletics U20 Championships in Nairobi, clocking 3:40.45. The following year, she competed at the U20 World Championships in [[Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero|Cali]], where the team finished eighth with a time of 3:36.72.

In 2024, she became the national champion in the 4x400-meter relay.

Her breakthrough on the senior international stage came at the [[2025 Asian Athletics Championships]] in Gumi, [[South Korea]]. Competing alongside [[Jisna Mathew]], [[Rupal Chaudhary]], and [[Subha Venkatesan]], Rajitha helped secure the gold medal for India in the [[2025 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|women’s 4x400-meter relay]] with a time of 3:34.18.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-30 |title=SRM-A.P.'s student part of women's team that won gold in 4×400 metres relay at international tourney |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/srm-aps-student-part-of-womens-team-that-won-gold-in-4%C3%97400-metres-relay-at-international-tourney/article69638632.ece |access-date=2025-06-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Personal best==
* 400 meters: 53.71 seconds - June 27, 2024, in [[Tau Devi Lal Stadium]], Panchkula (IND)
* 4x400 Metres Relay: 3:34.18 - August 5, 2022 in World Athletics U20 Championships, [[Pascual Guerrero Stadium]], Cali (COL)
* 4x400 Metres Relay: 3:34.18 - May 29, 2025 in [[Gumi Civic Stadium]], Gumi (KOR)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{World Athletics|14884159}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajitha, Kunja}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women sprinters]]
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships winners]]
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}

P. G. Harlankar

2025-10-09T12:37:23Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{Short description|Indian police officer (died 2021)}}
'''Padmakar Ganapat Halarnkar''' (1932/3 – 2 January 2021) was [[Commissioner of Police, Bangalore City]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/row-over-temple-on-pavement/articleshow/59131662.cms|title=Row over temple on pavement|access-date= 17 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/deepolice12/status/1283836147286728704?lang=en|title=Bhaskar Rao IPS}}</ref> [[Karnataka]] state, India and also Director General of [[Central Reserve Police Force]]. He was born in 1932 at [[Rajwadi|Rajiwadi]] near [[Pune]]. He was [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer of 1956 batch, Karnataka cadre. He was the Commissioner of Bangalore city from 1983 to 1986. He was Director General Central Reserve Police Force from 1 April 1988 to 30 September 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crpf.gov.in/former-dg.htm#|title=Former DG|access-date= 17 January 2021}}</ref> He was considered as honest, strict police officer who resisted pressure from politicians.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19861231-violence-stalks-karnataka-as-mobs-of-muslims-battle-it-out-with-police-in-bangalore-mysore-801608-1986-12-31|title=Violence stalks Karnataka as mobs of Muslims battle it out with police in Bangalore, Mysore|access-date= 17 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/983209/a-life-of-principle-integrity-and-dignity-a-sons-tribute-to-his-policeman-father-pg-halarnkar|title='A life of principle, integrity and dignity': A son's tribute to his policeman father PG Halarnkar|date=5 January 2021 |access-date= 17 January 2021}}</ref> He was a native of Pednem, Goa. He died on 2 January 2021 at Bengaluru at the age of 88 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/former-police-commissioner-pg-halarnkar-passes-away/articleshow/80092661.cms|title=Former police commissioner PG Halarnkar passes away|newspaper=The Times of India |date=4 January 2021 |access-date= 17 January 2021}}</ref>

He had a son named [[Samar Halarnkar]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian civil servants}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harlankar, P.G.}}
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Karnataka Police]]
[[Category:1930s births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Police Commissioners of Bengaluru]]
{{law-enforcement-bio-stub}}

Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur (community development block)

2025-10-08T00:02:54Z

All Singers Music Production: improved article

{{About|the community development block in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake municipal town|Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur|2 its namesake assembly constituency|Islampur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|other places with the same name|Islampur (disambiguation){{!}}Islampur}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Islampur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File: Islampur in Uttar Dinajpur (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.27|N|88.20|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 329.44
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 300,518
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Islampur]]
| website = {{URL|uttardinajpur.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Islampur''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Islampur subdivision]] of [[Uttar Dinajpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
Historically the western frontier of ancient [[Pundravardhana]] kingdom, bordering ancient [[Anga]] of Mahabharat fame, the Dinajpur area remained somewhat obscure in the major empires that held sway over the region and beyond till the rise of the Dinajpur Raj during the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] period. Some areas later forming a part of Uttar Dinajpur were parts of kingdoms in Nepal. Dinajpur district was constituted by the [[British Empire|British]] in 1786, with a portion of the estate of Dinajpur Raj. Subsequent to the [[Permanent Settlement]] in 1793, the semi-independent Dinajpur Raj was further broken down and some of its tracts were transferred to the neighbouring British districts of Purnea, Malda, Rajshahi and Bogra. In 1947, the [[Radcliffe Line]] placed the Sadar and Thakurgaon subdivisions of Dinajpur district in East Pakistan. The Balurghat subdivision of Dinajpur district was reconstituted as West Dinajpur district in West Bengal. Raiganj subdivision was formed in 1948.<ref name=history>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Pages 2-5: Administrative History of Uttar Dinajpur | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In order to restore territorial links between northern and southern parts of West Bengal which had been snapped during the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]], and on the recommendations of the [[States Reorganisation Commission]] a portion of the erstwhile Kishanganj subdivision comprising Goalpokhar, Islampur and Chopra thanas (police stations) and parts of Thakurganj thana, along with the adjacent parts of the erstwhile Gopalpur thana in Katihar subdivision were transferred from Purnea district in Bihar to West Bengal in 1956, and were formally incorporated into Raiganj subdivision in West Dinajpur. The township of [[Kishanganj]] and its entire municipal boundary remained within Bihar.

Islampur subdivision was formed in March 1959. At the same time, the portion of Chopra PS lying to the north of the Mahananda river covering an area that now comprises Bidhannagar-1 gram panchayat, Bidhannagar-2 GP, Chathat-Bansgaon GP and the southern half of Phansidewa-Bansgaon Kismat GP in Darjeeling district, was transferred from West Dinajpur to the jurisdiction of Phansidewa PS in Darjeling district. With the introduction of the Community Development Programme in 1960–61, community development blocks were set up in West Dinajpur district.<ref name="history" /><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.islampurmunicipality.org/history.php | title = Islampur Municipality | work = History | publisher = IM | access-date = 24 December 2018 | archive-date = 3 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190103112955/http://www.islampurmunicipality.org/history.php | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 1992, West Dinajpur district was bifurcated and Uttar Dinajpur district was established.<ref name=history/>

==Geography==
Islampur is located at {{coord|26.27|N|88.20|E|format=dms|}}.

Uttar Dinajpur district has a flat topography and slopes gently from north to south. All rivers flow in that direction. Except for the eastern fringes of Chopra CD Block, most of the district is a part of the catchment area of the Mahanada and also a part of the larger [[Barind Tract]] The soil is composed of different varieties of [[alluvium]]. The main rivers are: [[Nagar River (Rangpur)|Nagar]], [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]], Kulik, Gamari, Chhiramati (Srimati) and [[Tangon River|Tangon]]. The rivers have little water in the dry season but with heavy rains, during [[monsoon]], overflow the banks. The Nagar river flows along the international border with Bangladesh on the east of Islampur CD Block. The Sanauna, Dalaucha and Raba rivers flow through Islampur CD Block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-14: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 }}</ref><ref name=censusmap>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Page 137: Map of Islampur CD Block |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Pages 17-21: The Regional Setting | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Islampur CD Block is bounded by Potha CD Block in [[Kishanganj district]] of Bihar and [[Chopra (community development block)|Chopra]] CD Block on the north, [[Atwari Upazila]] of Panchagarh District of Bangladesh and [[Baliadangi Upazila]] of Thakurgaon District of Bangladesh on the east, [[Goalpokhar I]] CD Block on the south and Kishanganj CD Block in Kishanganj district of Bihar on the west.<ref name=censusmap/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Page 14, Map: Locational Setting of Uttar Dinajpur | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/bihar/tehsil/kishanganj.html |title = CD Block/ Tehsil Map of Kishanganj |publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 24 December 2018 }}</ref>

Approximately 206 km of the [[Bangladesh-India border|India-Bangladesh border]] is in Uttar Dinajpur district. It covers the eastern boundary of the district. On the western side Uttar Dinajpur district has 227 km boundary with Bihar.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://uttardinajpur.nic.in/district_profile.html |title = Egiye Bangla Uttar Dinajpur district | work= Demographic Profile at a Glance |publisher= Uttar Dinajpur district administration | access-date = 24 December 2018 }}</ref>

Islampur CD Block has an area of 329.44 km2.It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 13 [[gram panchayat]]s, 178 gram sansads (village councils), 101 [[mouza]]s and 101 inhabited villages. [[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur#Police station|Islampur]] police station serves this block.<ref name=statisticalhandbook1>{{cite web|url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Uttar Dinajpur|work = Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.3|publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal|access-date = 26 December 2018|archive-date = 21 January 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|url-status = dead}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Islampur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map of Uttar Dinajpur district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2100 | title = BDO Offices under Uttar Dinajpur District | work = Department of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | access-date = 26 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190119063429/http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2100 | archive-date = 19 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Uttar Dinajpur district is one of the smaller districts in the state and stands 15th in terms of area (3,140.00 km2) in the state.<ref name=sizegrowth>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1904_PART_B_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf | title = Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur| work= Series 20, Part XII B, Page 15 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 26 December 2018}}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Islampur block/ panchayat samiti are: Agdimti-Khanti, Gaisal I, Gaisal II, Gobindapur, Gunjaria, Islampur, Kamalagaon-Sujali, Matukunda I, Matikunda II, Panditpota I, Panditpota II, Ramganj I and Ramganj II.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Uttar Dinajpur district - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 January 2019}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Islampur CD Block had a total population of 308,518, all of which were rural. There were 158,933 (52%) males and 149,586 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 57,788. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 52,418 (16.99%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 8,032 (2.60%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 22 December 2018}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Islampur block had a total population of 241,910, out of which 124,368 were males and 117,542 were females. Islampur block registered a population growth of 30.70 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 28.72 per cent<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_4.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4 |publisher=Census Commissioner of India |work=Census of India 2001, Uttar Dinajpur district (04) |access-date=2011-03-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040124/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_4.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Islampur CD Block were (2011 population in brackets): Phulhara (11,113), Ramganj (4,660), Kamlagaon (4,316), Purbba Gomaidighi (11,982), Kuchila (9,549), Dohaso (13,323), Barakhanti (9,617), Agdimti (5,168), Bhojpur (11,055), Panchdimti (9,337), Matikunda (4,529), Phulbari (5,134), Durgapur (4,674), Jagatagaon (6,671), Khabargaon (5,148), Chaprajhar (7,773), Aliganj (4,940), Paschim Pachurasia (7,318), Gunjaria (4,470), Dhantola (9,503), Gaisal (5,954), Kachna (4,809), Birnakundi (6,114), Bhelagachhi (4,528) and Gunabari (11,538).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Islampur CD Block included (2011 population in brackets): Gobindapur (1,110) and Panditpota (3,898).<ref name=census2011/>

'''Decadal [[Population growth|Population Growth]] Rate (%)'''
{{Graph:Chart
|width=300
|height=200
|legend=Legend
|xAxisTitle=X
|yAxisTitle=Y
|type= rect
|x=1971-1981,1981-1991,1991-2001,2001-2011
|y1 = 28.24,34.08,27.94,27.51
|y2 = 30.2,34.0,28.7,23.2
|y3 = 23.17,24.73,17.77,13.93
|colors = olive,yellow,violet
|y1Title= Islampur CD Block
|y2Title= Uttar Dinajpur district
|y3Title=West Bengal
}}
Note: The CD Block data for 1971–1981, 1981-1991 and 1991-2001 is for Islampur PS covering the block

The decadal growth of population in Islampur CD Block in 2001-2011 was 27.51%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Uttar Dinajpur, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001-2011, Page 47 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 26 December 2018 }}</ref> The decadal growth of population in Islampur PS in 1991-2001 was 27.94%, in 1981-91 was 34.08% and in 1971-81 was 28.24%.<ref name="humandev1">{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Uttar Dinajpur | work = page 24 | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 26 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref> The decadal growth rate of population in Uttar Dinajpur district was as follows: 30.2% in 1971–81, 34.0% in 1981–91, 28.7% in 1991-2001 and 23.2% in 2001–11.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Uttar Dinajpur, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Page 39: Table 3: Decadal Growth Rate of Population in Uttar Dinajpur district |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 26 December 2018 }}</ref> The decadal growth rate for West Bengal was 13.93% in 2001–2011, 17.77% in 1991–2001.<ref name="Decadal Growth Rate">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html | title = Census of India 2011: Provisional Totals for West Bengal | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India | access-date = 26 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html | title = Provisional population totals Paper I: West Bengal | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date = 26 December 2018}}</ref> 24.73% in 1981-1991 and 23.17% in 1971–1981.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title = District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas| work = Page 40, Table 3.2.1| publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010| access-date = 26 December 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180205044900/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| archive-date = 5 February 2018| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Uttar Dinajpur district has the highest decadal population growth rate in West Bengal with a figure of 23.2% for the decade 2001-2011 and is much higher than the state average of 13.8%.<ref name=sizegrowth/>

According to the [[Human Development Report]] for Uttar Dinajpur district, population growth in the area that later became Uttar Dinajpur district was low in the pre-independence era and started picking up with the waves of [[East Bengali refugees]] coming in from erstwhile East Pakistan. Despite the formation of an international border in 1947, none of the PS areas in the area which later formed Islampur SD showed much increase in settlement density between 1941 and 1951, and accelerated settlement only came into evidence in this region after 1961, following their transfer from Bihar to West Bengal. Thus, as population growth in the Uttar Dinajpur region accelerated considerably under the impetus of partition migration after 1951, the Islampur SD areas offered additional living space, easing the overall migration pressure on the region.<ref name=population>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Page 25: Decennial Densist Increment, Pages 292-311: Chapter 6: Migration and Resettlement in Uttar Dinajpur | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The Human Development Report analyses, “A spurt in population growth rates first became evident between 1951-1961, and was further magnified between 1971-81 after the creation of Bangladesh when population growth in most districts bordering the Bangladesh-West Bengal frontier showed similar escalation. However, after 1981, when population growth in most other West Bengal districts had tapered off, growth rates in Uttar Dinajpur again showed a fresh spurt. Thus, no deceleration in population growth rates occurred in the district until after 1991… In addition to [[Illegal immigration in India|Hindu and tribal migrants]] from across the international border, a sizeable number of migrant Muslims have also settled in the district, mainly driven by economic reasons… migrants from other states comprised 23% of the total migrants residing in Uttar Dinajpur.” The large number of migrants from other states is mainly from the neighbouring areas in Bihar.<ref name=population/>

A study by North Bengal University has observed that “Immigrants from East Pakistan/Bangladesh have arrived in Uttar Dinajpur in almost equal numbers before and after 1971.” The Human Development Report opines, “The overall post-Partition impact on the rates of demographic growth has been particularly strong in all North Bengal districts. Despite its smaller relative size, the region has received more migration in pro rata terms than the West Bengal districts lying south of the Ganga.” <ref name=population/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Islampur CD Block was 134,218 (53.53% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 79,197 (61.14% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 55,021 (45.41% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 15.73%.<ref name=census2011/>

The [[literacy rate]] in Uttar Dinajpur district at 60.13% in 2011, up from 47.89% in 2001, was the lowest amongst all districts of West Bengal. The highest literacy rate amongst the districts of West Bengal was that of Purba Medinipur district at 87.66% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html |title = Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : West Bengal | work = Statement-4 Ranking of Districts by Literacy Rate in 2001 and 2011 | publisher =Office of the Registrar General and & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 26 December 2018 }}</ref>

According to the Human Development Report for Uttar Dinajpur district, “Goalpokhar-1, Goalpokhar-2, Karandighi and Islampur blocks in that order stood at the very bottom of the literacy scale in the state. This pooling of illiteracy within Islampur SD also led to the low ranking of Uttar Dinajpur at 494th position out of 595 Indian districts in terms of literacy rates in 2001, despite which its rank had improved considerably in relative terms from the 523rd rank it had occupied in 1991.”<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Page 43: Literacy Trends in Uttar Dinajpur district | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The five blocks transferred from the state of Bihar to form a new subdivision in West Dinajpur in 1959 had until 1956 been part of the Kishanganj region which is still characterised by a low overall literacy rate of 31 percent in 2006–07, against which the corresponding rate for Uttar Dinajpur as a whole is a literacy rate of 48 percent... "Like Kishanganj which is now a full-fledged Bihar district, Islampur SD too has a largely rural profile, a large Muslim population and deep concentration of [[rural poverty]]"... Persisting regional disparities in access to education and infrastructure, rather than the response and enthusiasm of the local people are largely responsible for making Uttar Dinajpur the least literate district in West Bengal. "Thus, a major challenge facing the district relates to the improvement of educational attainments of the weaker social sections and women, especially among the Muslim community which has a dominant presence in the Islampur SD region… A huge gulf separates the Muslim literacy rate of 36 percent in Uttar Dinajpur from the Muslim literacy rate of 58 percent achieved by West Bengal as a whole."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Pages 83-84: Persisting educational gaps in Uttar Dinajpur | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 January 2019 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

See also - [[Literacy in Bihar]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Uttar Dinajpur district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Islampur CD Block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|72.13}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|27.56}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.31}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Muslims numbered 225,448 and formed 72.13% of the population in Islampur CD Block. Hindus numbered 85,039 and formed 27.56% of the population. Christians numbered 781 and formed 0.25% of the population. Others numbered 150 and formed 0.06% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> In Islampur CD Block, as per the District Statistical Handbook for Uttar Dinajpur, while the proportion of Muslims increased from 68.93% in 1991 to 71.08% in 2001, the proportion of Hindus declined from 30.84% in 1991 to 28.69% in 2001.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 26 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Uttar Dinajpur | work = Table 17.1, Population by religion in the blocks of Uttar Dinajpur | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 26 December 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Islampur CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]] |value1 = 57.31 |color1 = mediumvioletred
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 29.78 |color2 = orchid
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 8.44 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value4 = 2.47 |color4 = darkturquoise
|label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 1.16 |color5 = orange
|label6 = Others |value6 = 0.84 |color6 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 57.31% of the population spoke [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]], 29.78% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 8.44% [[Urdu]], 2.47% [[Santali language|Santali]] and 1.16% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

The Human Development Report for Uttar Dinajpur describes the Islampur subdivision as “a region where Urdu and Hindi are widely
spoken as a first language because of the prior transfer of this territory to West Bengal from Bihar”<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Page 83 : Persisting educational gaps in Uttar Dinajpur | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 January 2019 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

As per the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2012, which came into force from December 2012, Urdu was given the status of official language in areas, such as subdivisions and blocks, having more than 10% Urdu speaking population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbcmo.gov.in/achieve.aspx?dept=7 |title = Minority Affairs and Madrasah Education |publisher= Chief Minister’s Office, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 14 January 2019 }}</ref> In Uttar Dinajpur district, Goalpokhar I and II blocks, Islampur block and Islampur municipality were identified as fulfilling the norms set<ref>{{cite web| url = http://zeenews.india.com/news/west-bengal/bengal-gives-second-language-status-to-urdu_756587.html |title = Bengal gives second language status to Urdu |date = 4 February 2012 |publisher= Zee News, 4 February 2012 | access-date = 14 January 2019 }}</ref> In 2014, Calcutta High Court, in an order, included Dalkhola municipality in the list.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiankanoon.org/doc/87425337/ |title = Santosh Chowdhury and Ors Vs State of West Bengal and ors |publisher= Indian Kanoon | access-date = 14 January 2019 }}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
As per the Rural Household Survey conducted in 2002, 40.7% of the rural families in Islampur CD Block belonged to the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category, against 46.7% of rural families in Uttar Dinajpur district being in the BPL category. As per the Human Development Report for Uttar Dinajpur district, Islampur and Karandighi rank sixth and seventh in terms of human development, with respective Human Development Index (HDIs) that indicate the existence of a wide human development gap between them and the lowest ranked Raiganj SD block of Itahar. However, in terms of the concentration of human poverty, they occupy a more favourable position than Itahar.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Page 358-360: Poverty & Deprivation within Uttar Dinajpur district | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 24 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Islampur CD Block'''
|value1 = 29.36
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 40.57
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 1.15
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 28.91
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Islampur CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 27,957 and formed 29.36%, agricultural labourers numbered 38,639 and formed 40.57%, household industry workers numbered 1,099 and formed 1.15% and other workers numbered 27,535 and formed 28.91%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 66, Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 December 2018}}</ref> Total workers numbered 95,230 and formed 30.87% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 213,288 and formed 69.13% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 62, Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 December 2018}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 27 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 December 2018}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 101 inhabited villages in Islampur CD Block. All 101 villages (100%) have power supply. All 101 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 17 villages (16.83%) have post offices. 90 villages (89.11%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 42 villages (41.58%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 20 villages (19.80%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 1 village (0.99%) has an agricultural credit society. 11 villages (10.89%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 71 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 December 2018}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
“With its distinctive physiographic and agroclimatic features, the Dinajpur region has been a bread-basket area of Bengal for many centuries, growing multiple varieties of fine and coarse rice in vast quantities, along with major economic crops like jute. The livelihood profile of Uttar Dinajpur district has evolved in association with these old agricultural patterns, and more than two-thirds of its active workforce still draws livelihoods directly from agriculture and related occupations.”<ref name=livelihood>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Pages 143-218: Chapter 4: Economic Livelihood in Uttar Dinajpur district | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Agricultural potential has been uneven across Uttar Dinajpur based on soil conditions and irrigation potential. This has generated considerable internal migration within the district, as areas with higher agricultural potential and higher labour demand has attracted large number of people. The impact of [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] has also varied. As the Islampur subdivision blocks evolved initially under the Bihar administration, the land estates were larger in size and the extent of land acquired under ceiling laws were higher. The cultivator population in Islampur subdivision was also thinner. Such conditions have been favourable for migrants. The movement of people from agricultural activities to non-agricultural activities has been low in Uttar Dinajpur district except for some pockets.<ref name=livelihood/>

Islampur CD Block had 139 fertiliser depots, 9 seed stores and 63 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013–14.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Uttar Dinajpur | work = Tables 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 December 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, Islampur CD Block produced 32,426 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 15,784 hectares, 4,753 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 1,917 hectares, 7,072 tonnes of wheat from 3,748 hectares, 3,019 tonnes of maize from 1,240 hectares, 58,719 tonnes of jute from 4,566 hectares and 96,453 tonnes of potatoes from 2,730 hectares. It also produced maskalai and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Islampur CD Block was 742 hectares, out of which 450 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 12 hectares by river lift irrigation and 280 hectares by deep tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Craft based activities===
“More than eleven hundred rural households across the district are engaged in traditional crafts based industries, among which [[dhokra]], mat making, terracotta, village pottery and bamboo craft in the Goalpokhar-1 and Kaliaganj regions are notable.”<ref name=craft>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Page 200: Non-farm livelihoods in Uttar Dinajpur | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 December 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012–13, Islampur CD Block had offices of 5 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Uttar Dinajpur district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 30 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 30 December 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line|collapse=yes}}
Islampur CD Block has 4 ferry services and 10 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line]] passes through Islampur CD Block and there are stations – Aluabari Road Junction, Gunjaria and Gaisal.<ref name=censusmap/><ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/malda-town-new-jalpaiguri-passenger-55711/14042/441/444#st | title= 55711/ Malda Town-New Jalpaiguri Passenger| work= Time Table |publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 2 January 2019}}</ref> In the early 1960s, when [[Farakka Barrage]] was being constructed, a far reaching change was made. Indian Railways constructed a new broad-gauge rail link from south Bengal to connect North Bengal.<ref name=njp>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/docs/rinbad-siliguri.html|title = India: the complex history of the junctions at Siliguri and New Jalpaiguri | publisher= IRFCA|access-date = 2 January 2019 }}</ref>

[[National Highway 27 (India)|National Highway 27]] passes through [[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur|Islampur]] town and Islampur CD Block.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==Education==
In 2012–13, Islampur CD Block had 158 primary schools with 35,983 students, 12 middle schools with 2,449 students, 6 high schools with 4,974 students and 18 higher secondary schools with 12,933 students. Islampur CD Block had 1 technical/ professional institution with 47 students and 539 institutions for special and non-formal education with 42,719 students. There is a general degree college in the Islampur municipal area with 6,911 students, outside the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

As per the 2011 census, in Islampur CD Block, amongst the 101 inhabited villages, 4 villages did not have a school, 59 villages had 1 or more primary schools, 38 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 19 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Malda, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 720-21, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 30 December 2018}}</ref>

The [[Midday Meal Scheme|mid-day meal programme]] for rural school children was launched in 2005 in Uttar Dinajpur district. As on 30 April 2015, 602,557 children in 3,006 schools were covered under this programme.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://uttardinajpur.nic.in/middaymeal.html |title = Cooked Mid day meal programme |publisher= Uttar Dinajpur district administration | access-date = 30 December 2018 }}</ref>

[[Islampur College]] was established in 1973 at [[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur|Islampur]] (outside the CD block).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.collegedekho.com/colleges/islampur-college |title = Islampur College |publisher= College Dekho | access-date = 6 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/IslampurCollege/Islampur_College.shtml |title = Islampur College |publisher= College Admission | access-date = 10 January 2019 }}</ref>

===Schools===
*Ramganj High School at Ramganj – coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school>{{cite web| url = https://www.studyapt.com/schools/secondary-schools/islampur-uttar-dinajpur-west-bengal |title = Secondary Schools | work= Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur|publisher= studyapt | access-date = 10 January 2019 }}</ref>
*Bhadrakali High School at Gobindapur – coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school/>
*Darivit High School at Panditpota – coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school/>
* Jagtagaon High School at Matikunda – coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school/>
* Matikunda High School at Matikunda – coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school/>
*Pachhu Rasia High School at Gunjaria – coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school/>
*Patagora High School at Agdimti-Khanti – coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school/>
*Shyama Prasad S. Balika Vidyalaya at Ramganj – girls only higher secondary school<ref name=school/>
*Srikrishnapur High School at Matikunda – coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school/>
*Fazlul Haq N.S. High Madrasah at Agdimti-Khanti - coeducational higher secondary school<ref name=school/>

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Islampur CD Block had 1 block primary health centre and 1 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], with total 14 beds and 2 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 38 family welfare subcentres. 4,862 patients were treated indoor and 238,750 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Islampur subdivisional hospital at [[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur|Islampur]] (with 136 beds) is located outside the Islampur CD block. There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Sujali (with 4 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 January 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Raiganj}}

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Uttar Dinajpur topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Uttar Dinajpur district]]

K. R. Market

2025-09-23T14:31:11Z

All Singers Music Production: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{Short description|Wholesale market in Bangalore, India}}
[[File:K.R. Market.jpg|thumb|right|200px|KR Market in 2011]]

'''K R Market''' ('''Krishnarajendra Market'''), also known as '''City Market''', is the largest wholesale market dealing with commodities in [[Bangalore]], India. It is named after [[Krishnarajendra Wodeyar]], a former ruler of the princely state of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]]. The market is located in the [[Kalasipalyam|Kalasipalya]] area, adjacent to the [[Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace]], on [[Mysore Road]] at it[[Krishnarajendra Road|rajendra Road]]. It is the first locality in the whole of Asia to get and considered to be one of the biggest flower markets in Asia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bangalore: KR Market not all bed of roses|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bangalore-kr-market-not-all-bed-of-roses/240777-62-132.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140926122726/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bangalore-kr-market-not-all-bed-of-roses/240777-62-132.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 September 2014|publisher=IBNLive|access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref>

==History==

K R Market was established in 1928. The location of the market is said to have been a water tank and then a battlefield in the 18th century during the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Once a battlefield, now bustling K.R. Market|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/once-a-battlefield-now-bustling-kr-market/article2811512.ece|publisher=The Hindu|access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref> From the British era, two buildings remain, at the front and back of the market area.

==Present day==

A new concrete 3-story structure was erected in the 1990s between the two older buildings to provide more space for vendors and better overall conditions. At the basement is an underground parking above which stand three commodity-specialised floors: flowers and vegetables on the lower ground floor, dry goods on the upper ground floor and tools and machine-tools accessories on the first floor.<ref>{{cite web|title=K R Market to get a facelift; Multilevel car parking in the offing|url=http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/k-r-market-to-get-a-facelift-multilevel-car-parking-road-widening-hawkers-plaza|publisher=citizenmatters.com|access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" heights="150px" mode="packed-hover">
File:KR Market Entrance.jpg|Entrance of the British-era front building
File:KR Market Front Concrete.jpg|Front of modern (1990s) building
File:KR Market Tomato.jpg|Tomato seller in the open-air section
File:KR Market Entrance concrete.jpg|Entrance of the modern building
File:KR Market Underground 1.jpg|Basement level: Fruit and vegetable stalls
File:KR Market Underground 2.jpg|Basement level: flower sellers
File:KR Market Ground.jpg|Ground Floor: Dry goods stalls
File:KR Market Stairs.jpg|Staircase to the first floor
File:KR Market Tools.jpg|First floor: Tools and machine-tools stalls
File:KR Market Pit 1.jpg|Flower-garland makers working on the intermediate level of one of the central lighting pits (4 in all)
File:KR Market Pit 2.jpg|Another lighting pit
File:KR Market Kids.jpg|Kids playing on one of the concrete awnings above an entrance
File:KR Market Machine Tool.jpg|Flower-garland makers working next to decaying machine tools kept for parts on the first floor
File:KR Market Workers.jpg|Workers sleeping
File:KR Market back.jpg|At the back of the modern building, another remnant of the British-era structure
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Bengaluru Pete]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|K. R. Market}}

{{Bangalore}}

{{Coord|12|57|49|N|77|34|39|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Retail markets in India]]

Kalhor Puwan

2025-08-28T08:23:25Z

All Singers Music Production:

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Other uses|Kalhor (disambiguation){{!}}Kalhor}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalhor Puwan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.19811|N|78.85001|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5.016
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3899
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 205121
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kalhor Puwan''' ({{IAST|Kalhor Puwā̃}}) is a village in [[Ghiror]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it had a population of 3,899, in 638 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Kalhor Puwan had a population of 3,899, in 638 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|81}} This population was 53.2% male (2,073) and 46.8% female (1,826). The 0-6 age group numbered 591 (311 male and 280 female), or 15.2% of the total population. 754 residents were members of the Scheduled Castes, or 19.3% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|70-1}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Kalhor Puwan as having a population of 2,028 people, in 301 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|132-3}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Kalhor Puwan as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 1,235 people (663 male and 572 female), in 208 households and 155 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,241 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|lxxii}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Kalhor Puwan had 2 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by well, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|81-5}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

Thalassery Jagannatha Temple

2025-08-26T14:04:29Z

All Singers Music Production: Put Up First Place Needs Work

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Jagannath Temple, Thalassery
| image = Jagannath Temple Thalassery JTG (3).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Jagannath Temple, [[Thalassery]], [[Kannur district|Kannur]], [[Kerala]]
| coordinates = {{coord|11.736424|N|75.507911|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| location = [[Thalassery]]
| elevation_m = 33.36
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]]
| architecture = [[Architecture of Kerala]]
| temple_quantity = One
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
[[File:JTG (3).jpg|thumbnail|Thalassery Jagannath Temple, Kerala]]
'''Shree Jagannatha Temple''' is a major place of worship in [[Thalassery]], Kannur District, Kerala province, India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jagannath Temple|website=keralatourism.org|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/malabar/jagannath-temple-kannur.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201180015/http://www.keralatourism.org:80/malabar/jagannath-temple-kannur.php|archive-date=1 February 2019|access-date=1 July 2024}}</ref>

==Location==
The temple is located near Jagannath Temple Gate Railway Station, about one kilometre from [https://www.google.co.in/maps/dir/Thalassery+Railway+Station,+Pallithazhe,+Chonadam,+Thalassery,+Kerala/SREE+JAGANNATH+TEMPLE,+Temple+Gate,+Kannur+District,+Gopalpet,+Thalassery,+Kerala+670102/@11.7439562,75.4893367,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0 Thalassery city (Directions)].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Kerala Tourism|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/thalassery/tourist-circuits/harbour-town/jagannath-temple|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:JTG (1).jpg|thumbnail|Jagannath Temple Gate Railway Station in Thalassery, Kerala]]
The temple was erected by Shri Narayana Guru in 1908. A statue of the guru was included in the temple complex in 1927. The Guru had a glimpse of his own statue at Colombo where it arrived on the way from Italy to India.it is a famous Temple.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Temples in Thalassery - Jagannath Temple, Thalassery|url=http://keralatemples.info/temple/jagannath-temple-thalassery/154|access-date=2021-02-02|website=keralatemples.info|language=en-US|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709160351/http://keralatemples.info/temple/jagannath-temple-thalassery/154|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Varathoor Kaniyil Kunhikannan of Thalassery was the first to visit Sri Narayana Guru and invite him to Thalassery to establish a shrine. Guru initially said that the Thiyyars of Malabar did not need a temple, as they had their own system of worship. He also asked Varathoor Kaniyil Kunhikannan, "If I come and consecrate an idol, won’t people say that some random man from the south came, placed a stone, and left?" Kunhikannan replied that it would not be the case and convinced Sri Narayana Guru to visit Thalassery for the temple. This became the Sri Jagannath Temple.

==Image Gallery==
<gallery>
File:JTG (2).jpg|Railway Station
File:JTG.Ganapathy Kovil.jpg|Ganapathy Kovil
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
{{commons category|Jagannath Temple, Thalassery}}

{{Narayana Guru}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Kannur district]]
[[Category:Jagannath temples]]
[[Category:Narayana Guru]]

{{Hindu-temple-stub}}