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INS Taragiri (2022)

2026-05-05T17:11:50Z

Alihaiderhussain:

{{Short description|Indian Navy vessel}}

{{other ships|INS Taragiri }}
{{italic title|string=Taragiri}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image =INS Taragiri top view.jpg
| image_caption = ''Taragiri'' prior to commissioning.
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = India
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = ''Taragiri''
| namesake =
| owner =
| operator = [[Indian Navy]]
| registry =
| route =
| ordered =
| awarded =
| builder = [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders]]
| original_cost =
| yard_number =
| way_number =
| laid_down = 10 September 2020
| launched = 11 September 2022
| sponsor =
| christened =
| completed =
| acquired = 28 November 2025
| commissioned = 3 April 2026
| recommissioned =
| decommissioned =
| maiden_voyage =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| reclassified =
| refit =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| homeport =
| identification = Pennant number: F41
| motto =
| nickname =
| honours =
| honors =
| captured =
| fate =
| status = Active
| notes =
| badge =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = {{sclass|Nilgiri|frigate|0||2019}} [[guided-missile frigate]]
| tonnage =
| displacement = {{convert|6670|t}}<ref name=eoi_grse>{{cite web|title=EOI for P17A frigates|url=http://grse.nic.in/eoi_file/2015.08.14_15-10-17EOI%20FOR%20P17A.pdf|website=Garden Reach Shipbuilders|accessdate=1 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101210826/http://grse.nic.in/eoi_file/2015.08.14_15-10-17EOI%20FOR%20P17A.pdf|archivedate=1 January 2016|page=2|date=14 August 2015}}</ref>
| length = {{convert|149|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=eoi_grse/>
| beam = {{convert|17.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=eoi_grse/>
| height =
| draught =
| draft = {{convert|5.22|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=eoi_grse/>
| depth = {{convert|9.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=eoi_grse/>
| hold_depth =
| decks =
| deck_clearance =
| ramps =
| ice_class =
| power = *2 x [[MAN Diesel]] 12V28/33D STC (6000 kW each)<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Navy picks MAN engines for stealth frigates - Marine Log|url=http://www.marinelog.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=21762:indian-navy-picks-man-engines-for-stealth-frigates&Itemid=231|website=MarineLog|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518094401/http://www.marinelog.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=21762%3Aindian-navy-picks-man-engines-for-stealth-frigates&Itemid=231|archive-date=18 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://marine.man.eu/docs/librariesprovider6/4-Stroke-Engines/v28-33d-four-stroke-diesel-engine.pdf |title=MAN 28/33D STC |accessdate=2016-05-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603184106/https://marine.man.eu/docs/librariesprovider6/4-Stroke-Engines/v28-33d-four-stroke-diesel-engine.pdf |archivedate=3 June 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
*2 x [[General Electric LM2500]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Howard|first=Michelle|url=http://www.marinelink.com/news/turbines-stealth-frigate419181.aspx|title=GE Gas Turbines to Power Indian Stealth Frigate |work=MarineLink|date=7 December 2016|accessdate=12 February 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220115327/http://www.marinelink.com/news/turbines-stealth-frigate419181.aspx|archivedate=20 December 2016}}</ref>
| propulsion = [[CODAG]]
| sail_plan =
| speed = {{cvt|28|kn|km/h}}<ref name="jni-25apr18">{{cite news|last1=Mazumdar|first1=Mrityunjoy|title=India reveals P-17A frigate configuration|url=http://www.janes.com/article/79583/india-reveals-p-17a-frigate-configuration|work=Jane's Navy International|date=25 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426084705/http://www.janes.com/article/79583/india-reveals-p-17a-frigate-configuration|archivedate=26 April 2018}}</ref>
| range = *{{cvt|1000|nmi|km}} at {{cvt|28|kn|km/h}}
*{{cvt|5500|nmi|km}} at {{cvt|16|–|18|kn|km/h}}<ref name="jni-25apr18"/>
| endurance =
| test_depth =
| boats =
| capacity =
| troops =
| complement = 226<ref name="jni-25apr18"/>
| crew =
| time_to_activate =
| sensors = *'''Radar :-'''
*[[Israel Aerospace Industries|IAI]] [[EL/M-2248 MF-STAR]] S band [[Active Electronically Scanned Array|AESA]] radar<ref>{{cite news|title=BEL eyes deal for 7 more Navy missile systems|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bel-eyes-deal-for-7-more-navy-missile-systems/article9718636.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=2 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Indra Sistemas|Indra LTR-25 'Lanza']] [[L band|L-Band]] [[surface-search radar]]
*'''Sonar :-'''
*[[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] HUMSA-NG bow sonar
*'''Combat Suite :-'''
*"Combat Management System" (CMS-17A)
| EW = *[[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] Ajanta EW suite<ref name="toi-12mar16">{{cite news|title=MoD gives nod to 7 stealth frigates worth Rs 13,000 crore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/MoD-gives-nod-to-7-stealth-frigates-worth-Rs-13000-crore/articleshow/51367348.cms|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|date=12 March 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423020457/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/MoD-gives-nod-to-7-stealth-frigates-worth-Rs-13000-crore/articleshow/51367348.cms|archivedate=23 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*4 x [[Kavach (anti-missile system)|Kavach]] Decoy launchers<ref name="jni-25apr18"/>
| armament = *'''Anti-air missiles:'''
*4 × 8-cell [[Vertical launching system|VLS]], for a total of 32<ref name="Diplomat">{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/china-beware-here-comes-indias-most-powerful-destroyer/|title=China Beware: Here Comes India's Most Powerful Destroyer|last=Gady|first=Franz-Stefan|website=The Diplomat|access-date=1 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*[[Barak 8]] missiles (''Range'': {{convert|0.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} to {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="The Telegraph">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151212234730/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151128/jsp/nation/story_55591.jsp#.VoO8K0vraSE Israel ship missile test for India], The Telegraph, 28 November 2015</ref><ref name="The Times of India">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gen-Next-missile-defence-shield-built-by-Israel-and-India-clears-first-hurdle/articleshow/49955127.cms Gen Next missile defence shield built by Israel and India clears first hurdle], The Times of India, 28 November 2015</ref>)
*'''Anti-ship/Land-attack missiles:'''
*2 x 4-cells [[Vertical launching system|VLS]], for 8 [[BrahMos]] anti-ship and land-attack cruise missiles<ref name="Diplomat"/>
*'''Guns:'''
*1 × [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] [[Naval artillery|naval gun]] (manufactured by [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]])<ref name="theprint">{{cite news|last1=Snehesh|first1=Alex Philip|url=https://theprint.in/defence/navy-to-scrap-plans-to-procure-guns-from-us-considering-make-in-india-route-now/706730/|work=ThePrint|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802041538/https://theprint.in/defence/navy-to-scrap-plans-to-procure-guns-from-us-considering-make-in-india-route-now/706730/|title=Navy to scrap plans to procure guns from US, considering 'Make in India' route now|archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>
*2 × [[AK-630]] [[Close-in weapon system|CIWS]]<ref name="janes">{{cite news|last1=Bedi|first1=Rahul|url=http://www.janes.com/article/50802/india-launches-first-of-class-project-15b-destroyer|work=IHS Jane's Navy International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422233818/http://www.janes.com/article/50802/india-launches-first-of-class-project-15b-destroyer|title=India launches first-of-class Project 15B destroyer|archive-date=22 April 2015}}</ref>
*'''Anti-submarine warfare:'''
*2 × Triple torpedo tubes [[Varunastra]]
*2 × [[RBU-6000]] anti-submarine rocket launchers (72 rockets)<ref name="janes" />
| armour =
| armor =
| aircraft = 2 × [[HAL Dhruv]] ''or'' [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] Mk. 42B helicopters
| aircraft_facilities =
| notes =
}}
}}

'''INS ''Taragiri''''' is the [[Indian Navy]]'s fourth ship of the {{sclass|Nilgiri|frigate|0||2019}} [[Stealth technology|stealth]], [[guided-missile frigates]], formally classified as the '''Project-17 Alpha Frigates (P-17A)'''. It was built by [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders]] for the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release|title=Delivery of 'Taragiri', the fourth Nilgiri class (Project 17A) indigenous advanced stealth frigate|date=2025-11-29|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2196229&reg=3&lang=1|access-date=2025-11-29}}</ref>

==Naming==
Named after the Taragiri hill range in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttarakhand]], the ship has been named after the [[INS Taragiri (F41)|INS Taragiri]], a [[Leander-class frigate]] which was in service with the Indian Navy between 1980 and 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-11 |title=Taragiri: All you need to know about India's fifth stealth frigate |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/taragiri-all-you-need-to-know-about-indias-fifth-stealth-frigate/articleshow/94132790.cms |access-date=2024-03-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LAUNCH OF YD 12653 (TARAGIRI) |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1858575 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

==Construction==
The ship was laid down on 10 September 2020 and was launched on 11 September 2022. The ship was expected to be commissioned by the August 2025 but after some delay it has been finally commissioned in April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vavasseur |first=Xavier |date=2022-09-11 |title=India's MDL Launches 5th Nilgiri-class P17A Frigate |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/09/indias-mdl-launches-5th-nilgiri-class-p17a-frigate/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>

''Taragiri'', the third Project 17A-class ship built by Mazagon Dock, was delivered to the Indian Navy on 28 November 2025.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="TW-281125">{{cite tweet|number=1994433815536889916|user=MazagonDockLtd|title=MDL today delivered the Third Stealth Frigate of the P17A Class, *Taragiri* to the #IndianNavy|date=28 November 2025}}</ref>

The ship was initially expected to be commissioned in February 2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-11 |title=Navy to induct stealth frigate Taragiri in February |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/navy-to-induct-stealth-frigate-taragiri-in-february-101768069348428.html |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> but was later scheduled to 3 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Javaria |date=2026-03-13 |title=India’s latest homegrown stealth frigate INS Taragiri to join Navy next month |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2026/Mar/13/indias-latest-homegrown-stealth-frigate-ins-taragiri-to-join-navy-next-month |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2026-04-02 |title=Nilgiri-class INS Taragiri to be commissioned on April 3 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/nilgiri-class-ins-taragiri-to-be-commissioned-on-april-3/article70815366.ece |access-date=2026-04-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Service history ==
The ship was commissioned on 3 April 2026 by the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]], [[Rajnath Singh]], at [[Naval Dockyard (Visakhapatnam)|Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Indian Navy’s latest stealth frigate ‘INS Taragiri’ commissioned in Visakhapatnam |date=2026-04-03 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2248799&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=2026-04-03}}</ref> During commissioning, the senior officers of the ship included<ref name=":1" />

* [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] Hemanth, the [[commanding officer]],
* [[Commander]] Siddhartha Gupta, the executive officer and principal warfare officer of the ship
* Commander Akhilesh Sharma, the electrical officer, and
* Commander Abhishek Bali, the logistics officer.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Frigates_of_the_Indian_Navy}}
==See also==
*[[Future of the Indian Navy]]
*[[List of active Indian Navy ships]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taragiri (2022)}}

[[Category:Nilgiri-class frigates (2019)]]
[[Category:2022 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]

Attur Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T13:03:32Z

Alihaiderhussain: added new data.

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{other uses|Attur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Attur
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 82
| map_image = Constitution-Attur.svg
| established = 1951
| district = [[Salem district|Salem]]
| reservation = SC
| loksabha_cons = [[Kallakurichi Lok Sabha constituency|Kallakurichi]]
| mla = [[A. P. Jayasankaran]]
| party = {{Party index link|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}

| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}

| latest_election_year = [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 228,153
}}
'''Attur''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state legislative assembly]] constituency in [[Salem district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 82. It comprises a portion of [[Attur Taluk, Salem|Attur taluk]], which includes the city of [[Attur]]. The constituency is part of the wider [[Kallakurichi Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections to the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20&%20Order%20.pdf |title= Tamil Nadu - Final Notification & Order |website= Delimitation Commission of India |publisher= National Informatics Centre |access-date= 27 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160804211957/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20%26%20Order%20.pdf |archive-date= 2016-08-04 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The seat is [[reservation in India|reserved]] for candidates from the [[Scheduled Caste]]s. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[M. P. Subramaniam]]<ref name=results1952>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=3}}
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Irusappan<ref name=results1957>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|M. P. Subramaniam
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| S. Angamuthu Naicker<ref name=results1962>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |title=1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| K. N. Sivaperumal<ref name=results1967>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |date=19 April 2009 }}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| V. Palanivel Gounder<ref name=results1971>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name=results1977>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1977 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>
| rowspan=3|[[C. Palanimuthu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<ref name=results1980>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1980 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<ref name=results1984>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1984 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[A. M. Ramasamy]]<ref name=results1989>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1989 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| V. Tamilarasu<ref name=results1991>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1991 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| A. M. Ramasamy<ref name=results1996>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[A. K. Murugesan]]<ref name=results2001>{{cite web |title = 2001 Tamil Nadu Election Results |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[M. R. Sundaram]]<ref name=results2006>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[S. Madheswaran]]<ref name=results2011>{{Cite report |url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf |title=Detailes Result |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu |access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[R. M. Chinnathambi]]<ref name=results2016>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional%20Data%20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=82}}</ref>
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| rowspan="2"|[[A. P. Jayasankaran]]<ref name=results2021>{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211223080836/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC082.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC082.pdf|access-date= 28 Jan 2022 |archive-date=23 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.16}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|44.34}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.30}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.85}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.17}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|64.49}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|38.22}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|66.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.44}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|29.80}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.79}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.22}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.28}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|21.50}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|39.94}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. P. Jayasankaran]]|party=AIADMK|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Arthanari |party=Indian National Congress |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Monisha Chinnadurai |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= R. Selvabharathi|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 228153|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web|title=attur Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a082|access-date= 15 Oct 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. P. Jayasankaran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=95,308 |percentage=48.16 |change=+3.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Chinnadurai]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=87,051 |percentage=43.99 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Krishnaveni |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=10,233 |percentage=5.17 |change=+4.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sivakumar |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=1,959 |percentage=0.99 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,834 |percentage=0.93 |change=-0.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Madheswaran |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,699 |percentage=0.86 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,257 |percentage=4.17 |change= -5.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=197,909 |percentage=77.70 |change= -2.08 }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=326|percentage=0.16 }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 254,705 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC20WISE20CANDIDATE20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC20WISE20CANDIDATE20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. M. Chinnathambi |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=82,827 |percentage=44.34 |change=-11.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Arthanari |party=Indian National Congress |votes=65,493 |percentage=35.06 |change=-1.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Amsaveni |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=18,363 |percentage=9.83 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. P. Adhithyan |party=Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi |votes=8,532 |percentage=4.57 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=2,742 |percentage=1.47 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Jayaseelan |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=2,413 |percentage=1.29 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Selladurai |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,747 |percentage=0.94 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sathishbabu |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,531 |percentage=0.82 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Mariyappan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=947 |percentage=0.51 |change=-0.35 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,334 |percentage=9.28 |change= -9.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=186,788 |percentage=79.78 |change= -0.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 234,136 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -11.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Madheswaran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=88,036 |percentage=55.53 |change=+19.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Arthanari |party=Indian National Congress |votes=58,180 |percentage=36.70 |change=-8.6 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Arulkumar |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=2,993 |percentage=1.89 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Palaniraja |party=Independent politician |votes=2,348 |percentage=1.48 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Annadurai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,690 |percentage=1.07 |change=-0.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Rajamanickam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,462 |percentage=0.92 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Mariappan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,366 |percentage=0.86 |change=-0.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,856 |percentage=18.83 |change= 10.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=158,536 |percentage=80.52 |change= 6.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 196,894 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 10.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. R. Sundaram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,617 |percentage=45.30 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Murugesan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,185 |percentage=36.48 |change=-21.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. R. Elangovan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=15,654 |percentage=13.22 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Kumaravel |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,510 |percentage=1.28 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Laxmanan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,150 |percentage=0.97 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Mariyappan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,130 |percentage=0.95 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sundaram |party=Independent politician |votes=854 |percentage=0.72 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Anto David |party=Independent politician |votes=756 |percentage=0.64 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,432 |percentage=8.81 |change= -13.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=118,370 |percentage=73.62 |change= 7.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,786 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -12.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. K. Murugesan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,936 |percentage=57.85 |change=+22.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mu. Ra. Karunanidhi |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,191 |percentage=35.81 |change=-21.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ravikumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,893 |percentage=1.69 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Gopalraj |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,407 |percentage=1.25 |change=+0.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Angamuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,290 |percentage=1.15 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Natarajan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,033 |percentage=0.92 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,745 |percentage=22.05 |change= 0.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=112,244 |percentage=65.63 |change= -2.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,024 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. M. Ramasamy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=59,353 |percentage=57.17 |change=+31.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. K. Murugesan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,057 |percentage=35.69 |change=-28.8 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. M. Santhanantham |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=5,660 |percentage=5.45 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Manoharan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=603 |percentage=0.58 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,296 |percentage=21.47 |change= -17.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=103,824 |percentage=68.14 |change= 3.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 158,343 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -7.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Tamilarasu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=61,060 |percentage=64.49 |change=+32.9 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Ramasamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,475 |percentage=25.85 |change=-12.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanivel |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=8,164 |percentage=8.62 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=36,585 |percentage=38.64 |change= 32.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,676 |percentage=64.84 |change= -1.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 151,368 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 26.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. M. Ramasamy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,620 |percentage=38.22 |change=+8.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. Subramaniam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,795 |percentage=31.60 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Palanimuthu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,559 |percentage=17.69 |change=-48.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. V. Ramanathan |party=Independent politician |votes=7,201 |percentage=8.19 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. V. Murugesan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,636 |percentage=1.86 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ashokan |party=Independent politician |votes=748 |percentage=0.85 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,825 |percentage=6.62 |change= -30.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,971 |percentage=66.63 |change= -6.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,294 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -28.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Palanimuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=55,927 |percentage=66.53 |change=+13.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. M. Ramaswamy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,804 |percentage=29.51 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. M. Santhanantham |party=Independent politician |votes=1,220 |percentage=1.45 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Nachappan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,191 |percentage=1.42 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Sundara Rajan |party=Independent politician |votes=626 |percentage=0.74 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,123 |percentage=37.02 |change= 27.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=84,060 |percentage=73.35 |change= 8.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,635 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 13.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Palanimuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,416 |percentage=53.44 |change=+23.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kandasami |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,525 |percentage=43.85 |change=+14.6 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. N. Kangani |party=Republican Party of India |votes=1,945 |percentage=2.71 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,891 |percentage=9.59 |change= 9.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,886 |percentage=64.44 |change= 5.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,439 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 23.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=C. Palanimuthu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,040 |percentage=29.80 |change=-17.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kandasamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=18,693 |percentage=29.25 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. S. Chinnaswamy |party=Janata Party |votes=16,860 |percentage=26.39 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Perumal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=9,306 |percentage=14.56 |change=-38.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=347 |percentage=0.54 |change= -5.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,899 |percentage=59.01 |change= -12.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,029 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -22.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Palanivel]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,828 |percentage=52.79 |change=-4.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Palanimuthu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,617 |percentage=47.21 |change=+4.42 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,211 |percentage=5.58 |change= -8.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=75,445 |percentage=71.56 |change= -4.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,265 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Madras201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Madras201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. N. Sivaperumal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,456 |percentage=57.22 |change=+24.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Subramanyam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,252 |percentage=42.78 |change=+3.51 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,204 |percentage=14.43 |change= 8.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,708 |percentage=76.08 |change= 6.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,362 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 17.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Angamuthu Naicker]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,542 |percentage=39.28 |change=+23.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. N. Sivaperumal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=19,811 |percentage=33.05 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Subramaniam |party=Tamil National Party |votes=13,686 |percentage=22.83 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Saravana Padayachi |party=Swatantra Party |votes=1,888 |percentage=3.15 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rangaswamy |party=We Tamils |votes=1,009 |percentage=1.68 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,731 |percentage=6.22 |change= 4.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,936 |percentage=69.72 |change= -23.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,586 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 17.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Irusappan (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=30,984 |percentage=21.50 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Subramaniam |party=Independent politician |votes=29,153 |percentage=20.23 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Sambasiva Reddiar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,937 |percentage=15.92 |change=-6.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arumugham |party=Independent politician |votes=21,089 |percentage=14.64 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Doraisamy (Sc) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,138 |percentage=9.12 |change=-13.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Doraisamy (Sc) |party=Communist Party of India |votes=8,663 |percentage=6.01 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Ramachandran |party=Communist Party of India |votes=7,187 |percentage=4.99 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Periannan (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=6,023 |percentage=4.18 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Akilandam |party=Independent politician |votes=4,924 |percentage=3.42 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,831 |percentage=1.27 |change= -16.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=144,098 |percentage=93.35 |change= 44.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 154,364 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= -18.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Attur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. Subramaniam]] |party=Independent politician |votes=12,394 |percentage=39.94 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sellamuthu Padayachi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,872 |percentage=22.15 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Muthuswamy Padayachi |party=Independent politician |votes=4,044 |percentage=13.03 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramachandra Bhatt |party=Independent politician |votes=3,393 |percentage=10.93 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Palanivel Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=2,184 |percentage=7.04 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kandaswami Padyachi |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=2,142 |percentage=6.90 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,522 |percentage=17.80 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,029 |percentage=48.79 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,599 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|11.63|78.17|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Salem district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

P. Ramalingam

2026-05-04T07:48:17Z

Alihaiderhussain: creating new biography first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. Ramalingam
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| term_end = 4 May 2026
| constituency = [[Namakkal Assembly constituency|Namakkal]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = [[K. P. P. Baskar]]
| successor =
}}

'''P. Ramalingam''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Namakkal Assembly constituency|Namakkal]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in 2021.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222055852/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC094.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC094.pdf|access-date= 2 May 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Namakkal Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a094|access-date= 2 May 2022}}</ref>

== Elections contested ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Election
! Constituency
! Party
! Result
! Vote %
! Runner-up
! Runner-up Party
! Runner-up vote %
! Ref.
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=#98FB98 | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] || [[Namakkal Assembly constituency|Namakkal]]|| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] || Won ||51.83% || [[K. P. P. Baskar]]|| [[ADMK]] || 38.27%|| <ref name=":0" />
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramalingam, P}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}
{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Chandramampalle

2026-05-01T19:22:10Z

Alihaiderhussain: Stub!

{{Short description|Village in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chandramampalle
| settlement_type = Village
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Peddapuram mandal|Peddapuram]]
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| area_total_km2 = 1.21
| population_total = 1897
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 533433
}}

'''Chandramampalle''' is a south [[India]]n village in [[Peddapuram Mandal]] in [[Kakinada district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It covers an area of 121 hectares.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/158/download/282/DH_2011_2814_PART_A_DCHB_EAST_GODAVARI.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 Andhra Pradesh District Census Handbook East Godavari |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |page=650}}</ref> As of the year 2011, it had a population of 1,897.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Population finder 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kakinada district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kakinada district]]

Zia Fatehabadi

2026-04-30T14:15:16Z

Alihaiderhussain: Put Up Post

{{Short description|Indian Urdu poet and musical artist (1913–1986}}
{{citation style|date=July 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Zia Fatehabadi
| image = Zia Fatehabadi.jpg
| caption = 1981 portrait
| birth_name = Mehr Lal Soni
| birth_date = 9 February 1913
| birth_place = [[Kapurthala]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 19 August 1986 (aged 73)
| death_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| genre = [[Qat'aa]], [[Ruba'i|Rubai]], [[Ghazal]], [[Nazm]], [[Geet (song)|Geet]] and [[Sonnets]]
| occupation = [[Reserve Bank of India]] (1936–1971)
}}

''' Mehr Lal Soni''' (9 February 1913 – 19 August 1986), better known as '''Zia Fatehabadi''', was an Indian Urdu [[ghazal]] and [[nazm]] writer. He was a disciple (shaagird) of [[Seemab Akbarabadi]] (1882–1951), who was a disciple of Nawab Mirza Khan [[Daagh Dehlvi]] (1831–1905). He used the [[takhallus]] (nom de plume) of '''Zia''' meaning "Light" on the suggestion of his teacher, Ghulaam Qadir Farkh Amritsari.

==Biography==
Zia Fatehabadi<ref name="NCPU">{{cite book|title=Urdu Authors:Date list as on May 31, 2006 |publisher=National Council for Promotion of Urdu, [[Govt. of India]], [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] |url=http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/urdu_wrld/u_auth/index_all.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301184839/http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/urdu_wrld/u_auth/index_all.htm |archive-date=1 March 2012 }}</ref> was born on 9 February 1913 at [[Kapurthala]], Punjab. He was the eldest son of Munshi Ram Soni (1884–1968), a Civil Engineer by profession, who belonged to the Soni [[Khatri]] family of [[Kapila]] [[Gotra]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Zarina Sani|year=1979|title=Budha Darakhat|publisher=Bazm – e – Seemab|location= New Delhi|page=14|quote=:"zia fatehabadi, soni (khatri) khaandaan se ta-aluq rakhte hain… haridwaar ke panditon ke paas jo record mahfooz hai us se pata chaltaa hai ki lala badal das soni ka pota lala tansukh rai 1773 mein fatehabad se haridwaar teerathyatraa kii gharaz se aayaa". :(Zia Fatehabadi belongs to Soni (Khatri) family.. it becomes known from the records with pundits of Haridwar that Lala Tansukh Rai Soni, grandson of Lala Badal Das Soni had come from Fatehabad to Haridwar in 1773 on a pilgrimage trip".)|ol=24596004M}}</ref> that at some time during the reign of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shahjahan]], had migrated from [[Rajasthan]] to [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and settled at [[Fatehabad, Punjab]] near [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Ravinder Kumar Soni|year=2005|title=In Search of True Happiness|language= en|publisher=Soni Parivar|location=Delhi|page=239|quote=:"It is believed that my ancestors had migrated to Punjab from a place in Rajasthan sometime during the reign of Shahjahan, the then Mughal ruler of India, and settled down in Fatehabad."|ol=6886704A}}</ref>

Zia Fatehabadi's father was an exponent of Indian Classical vocal and instrumental music, who often invited musicians and singers to his residence, was himself fond of singing and playing musical instruments, and a good player of [[chess]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Zarina Sani|year=1979|title=Budha Darakhat|publisher=Bazm – e – Seemab|location= New Delhi|page=18|quote= "lala munshi ram soni ilam mosiiqii ke dildaadah aur classical gaanon par fida the unke yahaan aksar mosiiqii kii mehfilen jamtiin unko khud bhi gaane bajaane ka behad shauq thaa alaawaaaziin woh shatranj ke maahir khilaadii the". :( Munshi Ram Soni was an exponent of Indian Classical vocal and instrumental music; he was fond of singing and playing musical instruments, many a musical evenings were organised at his residence; he was also a good player of [[Chess]].)|ol=24596004M}}</ref> It was one such evening in [[Jaipur]] when the young school-going Zia Fatehabadi was not given by the invited singer a copy of [[Muhammad Iqbal|Iqbal]]'s [[ghazal]] that had been liked and wanted by him; this particular incident probably exasperated Zia's urge to write and made him a poet.<ref>{{cite book|author=Zarina Sani|year=1979|title=Budha Darakhat|publisher=Bazm – e – Seemab|location= New Delhi|page=25|quote="zia ke walid e mahtram ko mosiiqii se fitratii lagaao thaa unke yahaan mosiiqii kii mehfilen jamtiin aur pakke gaanon ke saath saath ghazalen bhi gaaii jaatiin.. ek mosiiqaar ne doctor iqbal kii mashhoor ghazal – kabhi ae haqiqat e muntazir nazar aa libaas e majaaz mein – gaakar sunaaii zia behad mutaasir hue aur us ghazal kii naqal chaahii magar gaanewaale ne inkaar kar diya na jaane kyun.. ho saktaa hai ki zia kii aatish e shauq ko tez karne kaa intizaam qudrat kii taraf se huaa ho" :(Zia’s father was very fond of music and often invited to his house musicians who rendered classical [[Rāga|Raags]] and also sang [[Ghazal]]s. One day a singer sang the famous ghazal of [[Muhammad Iqbal|Iqbal]] – kabhi ae haqiqat e muntazir nazar aa libaas e majaaz mein – but for some unknown reason did not give to Zia its copy that had been asked…possibly it was this divine intervention that had rapidly incensed within Zia the urge to write.)|ol=24596004M}}</ref>

Even when Zia Fatehabadi was a college student his was a respected name in the Urdu world.<ref>{{cite book |author= Zarina Sani |year=1979 |title=Budha Darakhat |publisher= Bazm – e – Seemab |location= New Delhi |page=140 |quote=:"is waqt teen shair hain. ek ahsan danish, doosra saghar nizami, teesra zia fatehabadi.saghar, danish aur zia jadeed daur ke darakhshan sitare hain.in mein zia ko kaii baaton mein tawafuq aur maqbooliyat haasil hai." :(Presently there are three poets.One- [[Ahsan Danish]], second- [[Saghar Nizami]] and third- Zia Fatehabadi. Saghar, Danish and Zia are the three bright stars of the modern era; amongst them for many reasons Zia commands more attention and renown.- Yusuf Hussain, Editor, Nairang-e-Khayal, [[Lahore]], August 1937 issue. – Acknowledgement of early acceptance of Zia Fatehabadi as a poet of note|ol=24596004M }}</ref> After the publication of his first book,''Tullu'', which had received some disheartening criticism, he had thought of giving up writing but he was dissuaded from doing so by friends and elders.<ref>{{cite book|author= Malik Ram|year=1977|title= Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair|language= ur| publisher= Ilmi Majlis|location= Delhi|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ|pages= 114|quote=:" gharaz unhon ne mere zauq-e-shayari ko majrooh karne ki paiham koshishen kiin. us maahol kaa mere naukhez zahan par bahut asar hua aur mujhe apnii shayari par shak hone lagaa.chunanche maine seemab saheb ke bade saahebzaade manzar siddiqui ko khat likhaa ki main shergoyi tark karnaa chaahataa hoon. unhone shiddat se meri mukhaalafat kii aur mujhe shergoyi jaarii rakhne kii talqqeen kii."- :(They (the critics) tried hard to undermine my poetic urge and talent. This had an adverse effect on my young mind and I began to doubt my abilities. Therefore, in a letter to Manzar Siddiqui, the eldest son of Seemab saheb, I expressed my intention to give up writing which intention was strongly opposed and I was asked to continue writing as before.)- A part of an interview. – Zia Fatehabadi's reaction to criticism and the result of dissuation)|author-link=Malik Ram}}</ref> Zia Fatehabadi had started composing Urdu sh'ers and ghazals at an early age when he was still attending school in Jaipur.

His education began at Khalsa Middle School, [[Peshawar]] (1920 to 1922). However, he completed his schooling from Maharaja High School, [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] (1923 to 1929), after which he obtained his B.A.(Hons) degree in Persian in 1933 and M.A. (English) degree in 1935 as a student of [[Forman Christian College]], [[Lahore]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Hamari Zabaan – Zia Fatehabadi Number – Obituary special issue Vol.45 no.37|year=1986|publisher=Anjuman-e-Taraqi Urdu Hind (Delhi)|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.indiae.in/web/100DC7031F%7canjuman_taraqqi_urdu_hind|page=9|quote=:"unhon ne ibtadaaii taaleem Rajasthan mein paii. F.A. Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar, se kiyaa, B.A. aur M.A. Forman Christian College, Lahore, se kiyaa. 1936 mein apni taaleem ki takmeel ke baad woh Reserve Bank mein bataur clerk mulaazim hue". :(He obtained his initial education in Rajasthan. Did his F.A. from Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar, B.A. and M.A. from Forman Christian College, Lahore. In 1936 after completing his education he found employment in Reserve Bank of India as a clerk.) – from an article by Om Prakash Bajaj}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.urdutimes.com/content/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81-%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC |work=Urdu Times |title=FC College |date=2011-09-13 |access-date=2012-08-13 |quote=:“…Dr. Anwar Naseem, scholar Iqbal Ahmed, Sisal Choudhary, Krishan Chander aur Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi jaisii qadaawar ilamii o adabii shakhsiyaat kaa shumaar F.C.College ke honhaar students mein hotaa hai jo apne aap ek taareekh kaa darjaa rakhte hain".:(…Dr. Anwar Naseem, scholar Iqbal Ahmed, Sisal Choudhary, Krishan Chander and Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi, these great educationists and literary figures were amongst the students of F.C.College is by itself a historic fact.)(Archived at https://archive.today/20120612081302/http://www.urdutimes.com/content/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81-%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC) |archive-date=12 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612081302/http://urdutimes.com/content/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81-%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was consistently an above average student.

As the then editor of the Urdu section of the college house magazine ''The Folio'',<ref>{{cite web|title=V26_no04_The_ Folio-FCC_Magazine_Feb-Mar_1935_Title|publisher=Ewing Memorial Library Digital Archives|pages=84|access-date=2017-10-28|url=http://cdm16779.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p16779coll2/id/3282}}</ref> Zia Fatehabadi was instrumental in getting the first-ever Urdu short story "Sadhu" by [[Krishan Chander]] published in 1932. At that time, [[Krishan Chander]] was interested primarily in his English writings and edited the English section.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Ram|year=1977|title=Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair|language=ur|publisher=Ilmi Majlis|location=Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ|pages=116–117|quote=:"hamaare mushhoor afsaanaa nigaar krishan chander marhoom bhii isii college mein padhte the. mujh se senior the aur ghaaliban college magazine ke angrezi hisse ke editor the.un kaa ek afsaanaa maine apne urdu hisse mein chaapaa. ye ghaaliban 1932 kii baat hai. us afsaane kaa unwaan sadhu thaa. merii daanist mein yahii unkaa awaleen afsaanaa thaa."- :(Our famous short-story writer Late [[Krishan Chander]] was also studying in the same college, he was probably my senior and edited the English section. In those days he wrote mainly in English. In 1932 I got his Urdu short-story titled "Sadhu" published in the Urdu section. So far as I recollect this was his first Urdu short-story.) A part of an interview.)|author-link=Malik Ram}}</ref>

It is also in evidence that Zia Fatehabadi was infatuated with a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] girl named Meera, who was also studying in the same college at the time, and addressed almost all his love-poetry to her. Her name figures unreservedly in several of his writings. In an interview, he had once disclosed that she was that very Meera Sen who had actually inspired [[Meeraji]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urdustan.com/adeeb/shaayar/meeraji.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515072637/http://www.urdustan.com/adeeb/shaayar/meeraji.htm|archive-date=15 May 2008|title=Mohammad Sanaullah Sani Dar Meeraji|website=urdustan.com|access-date=22 May 2010}}</ref> to write superb poems and adopt her name as his takhallus.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Ram|year= 1977|title=Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair|language= ur|publisher= Ilmi Majlis|location=Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ|pages=116|quote=:"chalte chalte ek dilchasp baat suniye – hamaare college mein meera naam kii ek bangali ladkii padhtii thii. uske husn aur ghamzon kaa bahut shuhraa thaa.hamaare mushhoor taraqii-pasand shair meeraji ne usii ke naam par apnaa sherii naam rakhaa."- :(By the by, pay heed to this one fact. There was a Bengali girl named Meera studying in our college who was very beautiful and attractive. Our famous progressive poet [[Meeraji]] had adopted her name as his nom de plume. -A part of an interview.) – First-hand confirmation of the fact much discussed in Urdu literary circles|author-link= Malik Ram}}</ref> Zia Fatehabadi had met [[Meeraji]] for the first time when the latter accompanied by [[Upendranath Ashk]], a friend of Zia Fatehabadi, visited the office of Moulana Salahudeen, Editor and proprietor of 'Adabi Duniya', Lahore, where [[Meeraji]] was employed at that time.<ref>{{cite book |author=Zia Fatehabadi |year= 1981 |title= Zaaviyahae Nigaah |language= ur |publisher= Bazm e Seemab |location= Delhi |id= ([https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ Google Books link]) |pages=9–10 |quote= :“…us waqt meeraji daftar mein nahiin the chunanche main salahudeen sahib se baat cheet karane lagaa thodi der mein ek dublaa patlaa shakhs jiske sar aur daadi ke baal badhe hue the mere dost upendranath ashk ke saath vahaan aayaa main abhi ashk se ahwaal pursi kar rahaa thaa ke moulaanaa salahudeen ne – "Meeraji – Zia Fatehabadi" keh kar hamaaraa tuaaruf karaa diyaa main bahut duur se chal kar sirf meeraji se milne gayaa thaa" (…at that time meeraji was not in his office I was in conversation with salahudeen sahib when a very slim person sporting long hairlocks and beard entered accompanied by my friend, upendranath ashk as I was greeting ashk moulaanaa salahudeen said – "Meeraji – Zia Fatehabadi" and introduced meeraji I had travelled a long distance to meet meeraji) |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663436W/Zaviyaha_e_nighaah}}</ref> [[Krishan Chander]], [[Meeraji]] and Zia Fatehabadi were good friends.

It was during his college days that Zia Fatehabadi came into contact with Shabbir Hussain [[Josh Malihabadi]] and Samad Yar Khan [[Saghar Nizami]]. He developed a very close lifelong relationship with them, which both influenced as also helped shape his literary life.<ref name="MT">{{cite book|author=Zia Fatehabadi|year=2011|title=Meri Tasveer|publisher=GBD Books|location=New Delhi|ol=24584298M}}</ref>

In 1936, Zia Fatehabadi joined the [[Reserve Bank of India]], from which he retired in 1971 as Deputy Chief Officer, a senior position in the bank. In 1942, he married Raj Kumari (1919–2003), daughter of Murli Ram Berera of [[Lahore]]. Before joining the [[Reserve Bank of India]], while seeking suitable employment, Zia Fatehabadi was interviewed for an editor's post with [[All India Radio]], which went to [[Majaz]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Zarina Sani|year=1979|title=Budha Darakhat|publisher=Bazm-e-Seemab|location= New Delhi|page=45|quote=:"unhiin dinon Fielden London se Hindustan aaye the aur [[All India Radio]] Broadcasting ke liye munaasib aur naujawan imle kii talaash men the-ek ishtihaar jis men mukhtalif aasaamiyon ke liye jaga khaalii thii unhon ne radio program ke urdu parche ke editor kii aasaami ke liye darkhwaast dii – zia kii tabeeyat ke lihaz se yahii kaam munaasib o mauzoon bhii thaa lekin jab woh interview ke liye Delhi pahunche to maaloom huaa ki "Awara" kaa mashhoor o muaroof shair Asrar ul Haq [[Majaz]] bhi us post kaa ummeedwaar hai- Zia ke paas sifaarishaat nadaarad – nateeja zaahir thaa – interview men un ko editor kii jaga programme assistant kii peshkash kii gaii-jise Zia ne thukraa diyaa aur editor kii post Majaz ke haath lagi – afsos ki woh der tak us post par na rah paae." :(In those days Fielden had come to [[India]] to recruit young educated persons for [[All India Radio]] Broadcasting and had advertised inviting applications for filling up the vacant posts. Zia applied for the post of editor and appeared in the interview for the said post and for which he qualified and came to [[Delhi]] where he learnt that the renowned author of "Awara" [[Majaz]] too had applied for the same post. Zia did not carry any recommendations, the outcome was obvious, [[Majaz]] was selected and Zia was offered the post of Programme Assistant which he declined.)|ol=24596004M}}</ref> However, [[Majaz]] and Zia Fatehabadi remained close friends.<ref>{{cite book|author=Zarina Sani|year=1979|title=Budha Darakhat|publisher=Bazm – e – Seemab|location= New Delhi|page=55|quote=:"bank men mulaazim hone kii vajaa se Zia ko kaafii shairon aur adeebon se roshnaas hone kaa mauqaa milaa- [[Akhtar Sheerani]] aur [[Niaz Fatehpuri]] se yahin mile- [[Majaz]] se dosti yahiin badhii aur betakallufii ke zeene yahiin tey hue-…. Bank ke baazoo men thode faasile par ek baar thii- maye ke shedaaii yahaan zaroor aate- [[Majaz]] aur [[Meeraji]] aksar vahaan aate the aur usii bahaane bank men Zia se bhii mil lete the-" :(Service in the bank gave Zia ample opportunity to come into contact with many poets and writers. Here he met [[Akhtar Sheerani]] and [[Niaz Fatehpuri]]. His friendship and intimacy with [[Majaz]] developed here itself….adjoining the bank there was a bar frequented by those habituated to consumption of alcohol, [[Majaz]] and [[Meeraji]] were regular customers and whenever they came they used to call on Zia at the bank.)|ol=24596004M}}</ref>

==Literary career==

Zia Fatehabadi began to write poetry in 1925 under the supervision of his mother, Shankari Devi, with the help of Maulvi Asghar Ali Haya Jaipuri, who used to teach him Urdu at home and who also imparted his own knowledge of [[Urdu poetry]] composition to him.<ref name="MT"/> By 1929, Zia Fatehabadi had become a familiar name in Urdu literary circles.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Ram|year=1977|title=Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair|language=ur|publisher=Ilmi Majlis|location=Delhi|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ|pages=79|quote=:"zia fatehabadi kaa naam 1929 mein hii ubharne lagaa thaa..."- :(... Zia Fatehabadi's name had come into prominence in the year 1929 itself...) – From an article by [[Aijaz Siddiqi]], Editor, Monthly [[Shair]], Mumbai.- An acknowledgment of Zia Fatehabadi's early renown.|author-link=Malik Ram}}</ref> In 1930, he became [[Seemab Akbarabadi]]'s disciple and remained true to his [[ustad]] until his own death, working to spread Seemab's methods and instructions at all times. He never ever gave a moment's thought to his own name or fame and sought neither favours or honours nor public or state recognition. He categorically rejected such exercises.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Ram|year=1977|title=Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair|language= ur|publisher=Ilmi Majlis|location=Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ|pages=113&115|quote=:"khaamosh tabeh aur tanhaii pasand hone ke sabab main aksar alag thalag rahtaa thaa. khushaamad karne kii salaahiyat ya aadat mujh mein kabhii paidaa naa ho sakii...main naa to kisii giroh mein shaamil huaa naa kabhii coffee-house ke hangaamon mein shareek huaa...ek khuddaarii sar par sawaar rahii aur merii zindagii mein kabhii mulaaqaaton kaa sailaab bhii nahin aayaa."- :(By nature preferring quietude and solitude I often stayed aloof. I could not adopt sycophantic means nor ever form such a habit. I never joined any group nor did ever become a part of coffee-house gatherings...A strange kind of ego kept me captive and in my life there never was any overflow of visits and meetings. – A part of an interview.- Confirmation of Zia Fatehabadi's general attitude)|author-link=Malik Ram}}</ref> He believed that the real worth of a poet's creativity can, ultimately, be gauged impartially only by those who look deeper into his works, in their desire or eagerness to get to know the poet better.

In 1933, at the age of 20 and while still a college student, Zia Fatehabadi succeeded in having his very first collection of Urdu poems, ''Tullu'' (Dawn), published in [[Meerut]] by [[Saghar Nizami]]. He wrote from the heart and, efficaciously, dressed his feelings, emotions, thoughts and experiences with simple, delicate, sweet-sounding, lyrical, meaningful, easily understood words and phrases – the key features in his poetry. His inimitable style set him apart from his peers and gave him a distinct identity.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hamari Zabaan – Zia Fatehabadi Number – Obituary special issue Vol.45 no.37|year=1986|publisher=Anjuman-e-Taraqi Urdu Hind (Delhi)|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.indiae.in/web/100DC7031F%7canjuman_taraqqi_urdu_hind|page=8|quote=:"zia ne bhii zubaan kii saadgii ko apnii shayari kaa zevar banaayaa.apne jazbaat-o-ahsaasaat-o-tassavur aur tajurbaat ko purasar andaaz mein alfaaz kaa jaamaa bakshaa." :((like his ustad Seemab) Zia too has embellished his poetry with simplicity while expressing...he has dressed his feelings, emotions, thoughts, and experiences in an effective manner with very meaningful words.)- From an article by Dr. Shaarab Radolvi M.A.PhD- An observation regarding Zia Fatehabadi's writings}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

His writings were meant to touch one's heart and mind simultaneously and make one feel all that he himself had felt. He was totally at ease in the use of a variety of prose and poetical formats. However, he did not succumb to the practice of uninhibited expression of ideas in open forms, which had been adopted by some of his noted contemporaries, who had introduced [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolism]] in Urdu Poetry.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi|year=1977|title=Dhoop Aur Chandani|publisher=Bazm e Seemab|location=New Delhi|quote=Zia Fatehabadi's couplet here cited to tell about his support of the traditional methods of writing.- :" Ghataa badhaa ke bhii dekhaa magar na baat banii " :" Ghazal kaa roop rivaayat pasand hai yaro " :(In vain have thus far been all kinds of modifications attempted, :(But)the format preferred by the ghazal (here meant all forms of poetry), my friend, is the traditional one.)
|ol=24596042M}}</ref> In his article titled ''Zia Saheb'', [[Gopichand Narang]] had said that he (Zia) belonged to the Seemab Akbarabadi's circle of devoted writers; deep knowledge of the etiquette and effective use of language and expression, the immense richness of feelings and emotions meant to be conveyed, and the fine eloquence and methodology adorned his writings and he makes use of Hindi intonation in ghazal quite effectively and also quite meaningfully highlights the contemporary human pain and suffering; to appraise Zia Fatehabadi is to appraise the inherited tradition and refinement of our poetry.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hamari Zabaan – Zia Fatehabadi Number – Obituary special issue Vol.45 no.37|year=1986|publisher=Anjuman-e-Taraqi Urdu Hind (Delhi)|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.indiae.in/web/100DC7031F%7canjuman_taraqqi_urdu_hind|page=2|quote=:"woh seemab akbarabadi ke halqa e iradat mein shreek the. zabaan o bayaan ke aadaab o ramooz se gahari waaqfiyat, jazbaa o ahsaas ki tihaarat aur ghanaaiyat aur khush mazaaqi aur khush saleeqagii un ke kalaam ke johar ban gaye ghazal mein hindi lahaje ko bhi woh khoobii se baratate hain aur ahad e haazir ke dukh dard ki taraf bhi muaanikhez ishaare kar jaate hain. zia fatehabadi ki qadr afzaaii darasal apni sheri rivaayat aur tahzeebi warse ki qadr afzaaii hai". :(He (Zia) belonged to the Seemab Akbarabadi’s circle of devoted writers. Deep knowledge of the etiquette and effective use of language and expression, the immense richness of feelings and emotions meant to be conveyed, and the fine eloquence and methodology adorned his writings. He makes use of Hindi intonation in ghazal quite effectively and also quite meaningfully highlights the contemporary human pain and suffering. To appraise Zia Fatehabadi is to appraise the inherited tradition and refinement of our poetry.) – [[Gopichand Narang]] in his article titled "Zia Saheb"}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In his compositions, that demonstrate undefiled immaculate thought and brevity<ref>

:"in ke kalaam mein pakizah khayaali aur shustaa bayaani kaa parto jaabajaa miltaa hai. Zia sahib nazm o ghazal donon ke shair hain".
:( In his writings there is to be found undefiled immaculate thought and brevity; Zia sahib is the poet of both, nazm and ghazals) – Makhmoor Saedi in his article published in the June 1964 issue of Tahreek, Delhi.</ref> Zia Fatehabadi has revealed new and factual aspects of thought and insight.<ref>

:"zia fatehabadi ne fikr o khayaal ke naye aur haqiiqii zaaviye nikaale hain". (Zia Fatehabadi has revealed new and factual aspects of thought and insight.) – Ghazal: Pas Manzir o pesh e manzir https://books.google.com/books?id=ucuwYgEACAAJ</ref>
{{Quote box | width=300px | align=right |quoted=true | bgcolor= #FFFFF0 | salign=right | quote=<poem>

'''جُدائی '''

جُدائی، آہ یہ اِک لفظ کِتنا یاس آگئیں ہے
تصوّر اِس کا امیدوں پہ پانی پھیر دیتا ہے
ہزاروں کوس اِس سے منزلِ آرام و تسکیں ہے
جو اِس سے ہو گیا واقف وہ پھر کب چین لیتا ہے
جُدائی باغ کی رنگینیوں کو چھین لیتی ہے
شراب و رقص سے محرُوم کر دیتی ہے انساں کو
جہاں آرائیوں، خود بینیوں کو چھین لیتی ہے
چُھپا دیتی ہے مایوسی کی تاریکی میں ارماں کو
یہ سب کچھ ہے، مگر مجبُور ہے میرا دلِ محزوں
محبّت پرورش پاتی رہی ہے اِس کے دامن میں
جمال دوست سے مہجور ہے میرا دل محزوں
وہ دشمن دوست تڑپایا تھا جس نے مجھ کو ساون میں
اُنہیں ہاتھوں میں دیدی ہے عنانِ آرزو میں نے
بھروسے پر خدا کے چھوڈ دی ہے جستجو میں نے

</poem> | source= Sonnet جدائی by Zia Fatehabadi taken from his book titled Noor e Mashriq 1937}}

While remaining true to the classical style, Zia Fatehabadi did not ignore changing trends, as is reflected in his [[ruba'i|rubaiaat]], [[qat'aa]]s, [[Geet (song)|geets]], [[ghazals]], [[nazms]] and [[sonnets]].<ref>http://www.kavitakosh.org/ziafatehabadi {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193320/http://www.kavitakosh.org/ziafatehabadi |date=30 March 2012 }} for sampling Zia Fatehabadi's nazms and ghazals but in Hindi script</ref> These compositions evince his mastery of and command over the Urdu language.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hamari Zabaan – Zia Fatehabadi Number – Obituary special issue Vol.45 no.37|year=1986|publisher=by Anjuman-e-Taraqi Urdu Hind (Delhi)|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.indiae.in/web/100DC7031F%7canjuman_taraqqi_urdu_hind|page=2|quote=:"Zia Saheb ki kuhnamashq aur qaadirulkalaamii kaa khulaa saboot ye hai unhen tamaam isnaaf e shairi par yaksaan qadurat haasil hai" :(Open proof of Zia Saheb’s high level of thought and expression is that he has equal mastery over all formats of poetry) – [[Gopichand Narang]]}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.urdupoetry.com/lafz/lafz115.html – Herein use and meaning of the Urdu word ''Qand'' has been explained by citing Zia Fatehabadi's couplet.</ref><ref>http://www.urdupoetry.com/lafz/lafz303.html Herein use and meaning of the Urdu words ''Biim'' and ''Rajaa'' has been explained by citing Zia Fatehabadi's couplet</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Ram|year=1977|title=Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair|language=ur|publisher=Ilmi Majlis|location=Delhi|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ|pages=138|quote=:"zia kii shayari mein woh tamaam ruhjaanaat aur mailaanaat jo mulk mein jaarii aur saarii rahe paae jaate hain. un kii nazmon mein jadeed leheren karvat badaltii hain magar rivaayat ke ahtraam ke saath. un ke kalaam mein baghaawat kii chingaarian hain magar takhriibii ravish se hat kar aur jiddat aur taazgii liye hue." :(The poetry of Zia reflects all trends and changes that the nation had then experienced. His poems depict the modern changes but in line with the traditional ways. His works do exhibit sparks of rebellion but without the display of usual open ferocity, instead, his works are tinged with a welcome freshness and sincerity.) – From an article by Zarina Sani- An observation regarding Zia Fatehabadi's writings|author-link=Malik Ram}}</ref> Zia Fatehabadi's contribution to Urdu language and literature spans over six decades and is voluminous.

Titled ''Noor-E-Mashriq'',<ref>{{cite book|author=Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi|year=1937|title=Noor e Mashriq|publisher=Jyoti Printing Works|location=Delhi|ol=24596029M}}</ref> his first major collection was published in Delhi in 1937 from which the following couplet became widely known:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://khojkhabarnews.com/?p=1814 |title=Zia Fatehabadi (Real name Mehr Lal Soni) |access-date=2011-02-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713145430/http://khojkhabarnews.com/?p=1814 |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref>

:"Woh dekh mashriq se noor ubharaa liey huey jalwaa-e-haqiqat"
:"Majaz ki tark kar ghulami ke tu to hey bandaa-e-haqiqat"

:((Come hither and have a) look at the yonder light shining in the East emerging as the glowing Truth
:(Now it is time that you too) cast aside your fetters temperamental for you are that very Truth.)

Though he did not identify himself with any particular group, trend or movement, Zia Fatehabadi apparently belonged, in equal measure, to all known groups and his noteworthy works reflect this. As an integral part of his literary activities, he would gladly attend poetic symposia and conferences, whenever invited to do so, and presided over many of these events.<ref>Link: Indian newsmagazine Vol.23 of 1981 reporting one such conference that was inaugurated by the Urdu poet and jurist [[Anand Narain Mulla]] and presided by Zia Fatehabadi. http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=zia+fatehabadi&btnG=Search+Books {{cite book|title=LINK:Indian newsmagazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otcxAQAAIAAJ|year = 1981}}</ref> A selection of his presidential addresses titled ''Masanad e sadarat se'' was published in 1985.

He did not subscribe to the [[theory]] that poetry is spontaneous. He belongs to the school of thought which maintains that poetry is an amalgam of words and thoughts and that thoughts are seldom spontaneous.<ref>Nilanjan Mukhopadhayay " Zia Fatehabadi's Thoughts " article on p. 3 of the Sunday 17 August 1986 issue of [[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]], Delhi.-

:" But he (Zia) does not believe in the theory that poetry is spontaneous, (he says) How can it be? Poetry is not words, it is also thought. And thoughts are seldom spontaneous."</ref>

Zia Fatehabadi's short-stories were prominently published by leading Urdu journals of his time; he was influenced by [[Premchand]]. His stories deal with the contemporary social issues in a simple straightforward manner.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sooraj Doob Gaya|year=2017|publisher=Darul Eshaat-E-Mustafai |location=Delhi|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL17762263W/Suraj_Doob_Gaya_(Hindi_Edition) |page=18|quote=:"… phir aisa hua ke shaayari ke saath saath afsaanon ke maidaan mein bhi aa gaye. unke afsaane us waqt ki prasiddh patrikaaon ka ang bane. Zia fatehabadi ne premchand ko qareeb se dekha tha. hindi se urdu tak premchand ki saltanat qaayam thi, isiliye sudarshan se lekar zia fatehabadi tak ne wahi asloob apnaayaa jo premchand ka asloob tha. rivaayat ki unhiin lakiron par chale jin par premchand ke baad ki peediyaan aaj tak chalne ki koshish kar rahi hain. apne samay ki samsyaaon ko uthaakar seedhe saade andaaz mein bayaan karnaa premchand ki khoobi thi aur zia fatehabadi ki kahaaniyon ki bhi hai. ye log asl mein sacche daastaango the". ( …then it so happened that in addition to poetry he entered the field of story-telling; his short-stories became an essential part of the renowned journals of those days. Zia Fatehabadi had seen Premchand from close quarters. From Hindi to Urdu Premchand ruled the literary world, therefore, from Sudarshan to Zia Fatehabadi the method used by Premchand was adopted which tradition is even now being followed. Dealing with and presenting the contemporary social issues in a simple straightforward manner was Premchand’s specialty which specialty is found in the stories of Zia Fatehabadi. They were the true story-tellers.) – Musharraf Aalam Zouki, critic, and writer|edition=Hindi}}</ref> The characters of Zia Fatehabadi's stories are not new but give the impression that they have been known for a long time. He has dealt with the issues relating to Indian women in the manner that those characters are made to narrate their experiences at first-hand and the engrossed readers continue to read his stories without a break, which is the mark of a successful story-teller<ref>{{cite book|title=Sooraj Doob Gaya|year=2017|publisher=Darul Eshaat-E-Mustafai |location=Delhi|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL17762263W/Suraj_Doob_Gaya_(Hindi_Edition) |page=20|quote=:"zia fatehabadi ki kahaaniyon ke paatr naye nahiin hain, lekin kahaaniyon ke addhayan se mahsoos hota hai jaise main inhen basrson se jaanta hoon. veh to mere padosi jaisa hi hai jinse hum apne jiwan mein milte to har roz hain parantu unse parichit nahiin hain. zia fatehabadi ne apni kahaniyon mein un samsyaaon ko prtham sthaan diya jo varshon se deemak ki tarah hamaare samaaj ko khokhalaa banaa rahi hain. hindustani sammaj ki mahilaaon aur unki samasyaaon ko in kahaaniyon mein aise darshaaya gaya hai jaise koii mahila khud apni daastaan sunaa rahi ho…saralta se binaa ruke paathak kahaaniyon ko padhataa hi chalaa jaataa hai, jo ek saphal kahaanikaar ki pehchaan hai". (The characters of Zia Fatehabadi’s stories are not new but give the impression that they are known for a long time, as though they were our neighbours whom we meet daily but are not acquainted. In his short-stories Zia Fatehabadi has prominently highlighted those issues that have gnawed away at our social set-ups; he has dealt with the issues relating Indian women in the manner that those characters are made to narrate their experiences at first-hand and the engrossed readers continue to read his stories without a break, which is the hallmark of a successful story-teller.) – Shamoil Ahmed, critic and writer|edition=Hindi}}</ref>

Zia Fatehabadi died on 19 August 1986 after a prolonged and painful bout with illness. But then, he had once said:

:" Kyaa gham agar qraar–o–sukun kii kamii rahii "
:" Khush hoon ke kaamyaab merii zindagii rahii "

:(I grieve not for the lack of unrest or for the lack of peace (in my life).
: I am (gratefully) happy to have led (a contented and) a successful life.)

In a way, this one couplet (verse), taken from his book ''Gard-e-Raah'' (Urdu) published in 1963, succinctly sums up the personality and life of Zia Fatehabadi. He himself had led a life filled with hope and contentment, something he fervently wished others, too, would experience and enjoy. These sentiments won for him many admirers.<ref>e.g.Zia-e-Urdu-special issue published in Urdu by Saphia Siddiqui on behalf of Adara-e-Adab, London, Halqa Ahal-e-sukhan and India International Club, UK and released on 28 November 1981 in a function held in Swedenborg Hall, London WC1, to commemorate Zia Fatehabadi's visit.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Hamari Zabaan – Zia Fatehabadi Number – Obituary Special issue Vol. 45 no.37|year=1986|publisher=Anjuman Taraqqi i Urdu Hind (Delhi)|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.indiae.in/web/100DC7031F/anjuman_taraqqi_urdu_hind|quote=:"mujhe unkii shayari mein ek aisii gahraaii aur vusat mahsoos hotii hai jo sirf samundaron aur aasmaanon mein hii mil saktii hai." :(I have felt in his (Zia Fatehabadi's) poetry the depth and the flight which is to be found only in the oceans and in the (vast) sky.) – Ram Lal(1923–1996), renowned short-story writer and literary critic. (An admiration). :" aap kii adabii kaavishon kaa main sirf qaayal hii nahin rahaa, unkii roshanii mein apnaa adabii safar tey kartaa rahaa hoon." – :(I have not only admired his (Zia Fatehabadi's) literary works, I have been traversing my own literary journey in the very light of their brightness. )- [[Nida Fazli]], renowned lyricist and Urdu poet. (Another admiration).|archive-date=21 July 2011|access-date=21 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162328/http://www.indiae.in/web/100DC7031F/anjuman_taraqqi_urdu_hind|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amongst those who appreciated as well as influenced his poetry were [[Firaq Gorakhpuri]]<ref>Souvenir " Jashn – e – Zia Fatehabadi " (Urdu) 1978 p. 20 published by the event organising committee and released on 27 February 1978 by [[Arif Beg]], the then Minister of Commerce, Govt. of India.

:"keii muqaamaat par mufakkiraanaa aur shairaanaa andaaz ke imtizaaj ne bahut lutf diiyaa. aap kii shairii mein khaloos hai aur kahin rangeen saadgii hai.kahin saadaah aur dilkash rangeenii hai aur ek hasaas salaamat ravii is kii khaas sifaten hain."
:(At many places, his (Zia's) poetic flight of imagination has given me immense pleasure. In his poetry there is affection and colourful simplicity, there is simple delightful brightness, music, and flow, and there is controlled expression of his feelings as its distinct qualities.)- [[Firaq Gorakhpuri]] in an undated article</ref> and [[Josh Malihabadi]].<ref>Urdu Quarterly Tahareer Vol.11 no.3 1977 issue p. 5 published by Ilmi Majlis, Delhi.

:"hazrat zia mere qadeem ahbaab mein se hain.un kii shairii mein sanjeedgii hai.un ke tarz – e – bayaan mein ras aur ghulaavat paii jaati hai. "
:(Mr.Zia is one of my very old acquaintances. I have always been impressed by his personal qualities and poetry. There is to be found in his poetry a distinct earnestness and maturity as also a rhythmic flow and sweetness in the manner of his expression.) – [[Josh Malihabadi]] in an article dated 24 May 1965</ref> Zia Fatehabadi was survived by his wife and six sons.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/mehr-lal-soni-zia-fatehabadi.html | title=Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi Biography - Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline | access-date=11 July 2012 | archive-date=7 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007195053/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/mehr-lal-soni-zia-fatehabadi.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> His eldest son, Ravinder Kumar Soni<ref>{{cite web|title= The Faded Dreams- Ravinder Kumar Soni - Poems|access-date=2020-07-23|url=https://archive.org/details/the-faded-dreams}}</ref> and his youngest son, Sushil Soni,<ref>{{cite web|title=Sushil Soni|publisher=p4poetry.com|access-date=2017-11-07|url=http://p4poetry.com/author/sushil-soni/|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165606/http://p4poetry.com/author/sushil-soni/|url-status=dead}}</ref> are English language poets, the former is also an Urdu language poet.

The following ''[[Qat'aa]] e taareekh'' composed by [[Sahir Hoshiarpuri]] in August 1986 to commemorate the demise of his old friend, Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi, was published by [[Khushtar Girami]] in the October 1986 (Vol.50.No.10.) issue of the monthly "[[Biswin Sadi]]", New Delhi:

:''Jo kar sako na bayaan tum baasurat e alfaaz''
:''Fasaanaa e gham e hasti baachasham e nam keh lo''
:''Zubaan o fikr o takhyul jo saath de na saken''
:''To "dil" ko saath mila kar "gham e Zia sah lo"''

:( If you are unable to find words to express your grief then do so by shedding tears.)
:( If your speech, thoughts and intellect are unable to bear that grief then bear the loss of Zia with your saddened heart.)

==Works==

[[File:Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi.jpg|thumb|right|Zia Fatehabadi's autographed 1949 photo.]] Zia Fatehabadi embarked on his literary career with ''Tullu'' first published in 1933. In all, he produced nineteen works, consisting of eleven collections of poetry, one of short-stories, two of essays, one of presidential addresses, three collections of letters and one biography. Three of these books – ''Noor e Mashriq, Gard e Raah'' and '' Meri Tasveer'' – also contain Urdu [[sonnet]]s that he had composed.

Much of his work, including [[Naats]],<ref>One naat reproduced in Urdu at S.No. 70 in a selection of [[Naats]] written by non-Muslim Urdu poets http://www.miskeenpur.org/naat.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328030017/http://www.miskeenpur.org/naat.html |date=28 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>Hamare Rasool {{ISBN|9789644394669}} published in 2011 by Centre for Persian Research, Office of Cultural Counselor, Embassy of Islamic Republic of Iran, New Delhi, two naats written by Zia Fatehabadi on page 466</ref> scattered in various magazines and papers remains unpublished.

==Disciples==

In his book, ''Zia Fatehabadi - Hayat Aur Karnaame'' ({{ISBN|9789351371076}}), Dr. Shabbir Iqbal has listed Shānti Saroop "Kaif", Abdul Khāliq "Khāliq" Bhatti, Tālib Hussain "Tāyaq" Hamdāni, Abdul Khaliq "Khaliq" Yeolavi, Rādhakrishan "Sehgal", Om Parkash "Bajāj", Jagdish Bhatnāgar "Hayāt", Satyapal "Jānbāz", "Shāhid" Sāgari, Abdul Rehman "Tābān" Ziai, Abdul Rashid "Arshi", Muhammad Musā "Nazar" Ziai Gonganavi, Abdul Sattār "Sahar" Chishti, "Rāhi" Gonganavi, Bhod Rāj "Shād" Kamālvi and Mohamad Saddiq "Sāhir" as the disciples of Zia Fatehabadi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Zia Fatehabadi – Hayaat Aur Kaarnaame|author=Shabbir Iqbal|publisher=Zia Foundation|pages=92–122}}</ref>

==Biographical assessment==
* A comprehensive critical appraisal and interpretation of Zia's literary works was published in 1977 by the Urdu scholar, critic and author of ''Zikr-e-Ghalib'', [[Malik Ram]]. Its title is ''Zia Fatehabadi Shakhs Aur Shair'' (Zia Fatehabadi: The Person and the Poet).
* An Urdu-language biography of Zia Fatehabadi, titled ''Budha Darakhat'', meaning ''The Old Tree'', written by Zarina Sani was published in 1979.
* In 1989, under the guidance of Adam Sheikh, Chairman of the Board of Studies in Urdu, and Farid Sheikh of Anjuman-e-Islamiyaa, [[Mumbai]], Shabbir Iqbal of [[Dhulia]],<ref group=notes>Shabbir Iqbal, son of Iftikhar Ahmed Fakhar (see [[Seemab Akbarabadi]]), was born on 31 May 1948 at [[Dhulia]]. He obtained his M.A.Degree from [[Pune University]] and thereafter joined National High School and Junior College, [[Dhulia]], where he taught Urdu Literature.Beside his research work on Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi he has also penned the Literary History of [[Khandesh]] which work titled " Muntashar Khake " was published by Nazma Publications, [[Dhulia]], in the year 1984.He is a regular contributor to News Papers and periodicals, and also associated with many educational and social organisations.</ref> [[Maharashtra]], obtained his PhD degree from [[Bombay University]] with an Urdu-language dissertation entitled "Anjahaani Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi – Hayaat Aur Kaarnaame" (The Late Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi: Life and Works).<ref>Front page news – Urdu newspaper – Maiyaar e qaum, Dhulia, issue dated 11.06.1990 –

:“…naamwar shair o adeeb Dr. Iftikhaar Ahmed Fakhr…ke khalf e akbar Shabbir Iqbal…jo guzishta teen saal se Punjab ke mashhoor o muaaroof shair o adeeb "Anjahaani Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi – hayaat aur kaarnaame" ke unwaan par Bombay University se….Dr. Adam Sheikh ..ki zernigraani apna muqaalaa e tahqeeq supurd e qalam kar rahe the…jis par haal hi mein Bombay University ne unhen PhD ki degree tazweez ki hai".
:(…Shabbir Iqbal, the eldest son of Dr. Iftikhaar Ahmed Fakhr, who was for the past three years engaged preparing his doctoral dissertation on Punjab’s renowned poet and writer titled – "Late Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi – hayaat aur kaarnaame (life and works)” under guidance of Dr. Adam Sheikh has been lately awarded the PhD degree by the Bombay University.)</ref>
* Mohammad Ameenuddin Mohammad Idris of Nagpur University wrote a thesis in Urdu titled ''Zia Fatehabadi: Personality, Life and Works''.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo+1&q=zia+fatehabadi&btnG=Search+Books {{cite book|year=1979|title=National register of doctoral dissertions Vol.3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOg4AAAAIAAJ&q=zia|last1=Shanker|first1=Laxmi|last2=Ḥusain|first2=Sayyid Ḥāmid}}</ref>

==Other interests==

Zia Fatehabadi was not a professional poet. For over thirty-five years he worked at the [[Reserve Bank of India]]. He was a keen observer of economic trends, development and change. Zia Fatehabadi was very good at [[Mathematics]] and proficient in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[English language|English]] and [[Sanskrit]] language and grammar. He was a keen student of [[Hindu astrology]] i.e. [[Jyotisa]], and was deeply interested in the study of the [[Upanishads]] and the [[Rig Veda]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Zarina Sani|year=1979|title=Budha Darakhat|publisher=Bazm – e – Seemab|location= New Delhi|page=67|quote=:"Zia ko palmistry aur ilam najoom kaa shauq bachpan se rahaa. Unhen maafauq ulfitrat anaasir ke vajood par bhii aitmaad hai aur un ke kalaam mein is kii jhalkiyaan bhii hain." :(Zia has been interested in Palmistry and Astrology since childhood. He also has faith in the supernatural factors and occurrences which fact is reflected in his compositions.)*Pages 68 &69 describe three astrological predictions made by Zia Fatehabadi |ol=24596004M}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book|author=Ravinder Kumar Soni|year=2005|title= In search of True Happiness|publisher=Soni Parivaar|location=Delhi|page=110|quote=:"My father taught to me astrology with a purpose. He wanted to enable my mind to penetrate the darkest recesses of the unknown, enable it to look far deep in time and space and go beyond the three states of time and consciousness." – Cited to tell about Zia Fatehabadi's expertise in Hindu Astrology|ol=24596525M}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ravinder Kumar Soni|year= 2008|title= The Illumination of Knowledge|publisher= M/S GBD Books|location=Delhi|url= https://www.free-ebooks.net/philosophy-and-epistemology/The-Illumination-of-Knowledge|pages=295|quote=:"The place about which Rishi Kashyapa speaks thus and prays to occupy, know that to be the place where we all actually always belong; we have only to recognise it by the marks we seem to have forgotten."-Zia Fatehabadi’s statement to his son in respect of Sukta 9.113 of the Rig Veda cited to tell about former's deep study of the Rig Veda}}</ref> He subscribed to the [[Advaita]] School promoted by [[Adi Sankara]].

==Bibliography==

List of books by Zia Fatehabadi:

'''Urdu Poetry:'''
* ''Tullu'' (Dawn) – published by [[Saghar Nizami]], Adabi Markaz, Meerut in 1933. Foreword by [[Saghar Nizami]].<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Adabi Markaz
|location = Meerut, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663457W/Tullu
|title = Tullu
|date = 1933
}}</ref>
* ''Noor-e-Mashriq'' (The Light of the East) – published by Jyoti Prasad Gupta, Jyoti Printing Works, Esplanade, Delhi in 1937. Introductions by [[Josh Malihabadi]], Editor, Kaleem, Delhi, Hakim Azad Ansari (1871–1942)<ref name="NCPU"/> and Manzar Siddiqui, Editor, Kanwal, Agra.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Jyoti Printing Works, Prop.Jyoti Prasad Gupta
|location = Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663459W/Noor_e_Mashriq
|title = Noor e Mashriq
|date = 1937
}}</ref>
* ''Zia Ke Sau Sher'' (A Hundred Verses of Zia) – published by Gajender Lal Soni, Mohan Building, near Lloyd's Bank, Delhi in 1938.<ref>{{Citation
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663464W/Zia_ke_Sau_Sher
|publisher = Gajender Lal Soni
|date = 1938
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|title = Zia ke Sau Sher
}}</ref>
* ''Nai Subah'' (The New Morn) published by Adaaraa Seemab, Daryaganj, Delhi in 1952. Forewords by [[Munavvar Lakhnavi]] (1897–1970)<ref name="NCPU"/> and Prof. Mubashshir Ali Siddiqui M.A.(died 1987)<ref name="NCPU"/><ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Adaara Seemab
|location = Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663476W/Nai_Subah
|title = Nai Subah
|date = 1952
}}</ref>
* ''Gard-e-Raah'' (The Road Dust)- published by Maktaba Shola aur Shabnam, Daryaganj, New Delhi in 1963. Foreword by [[Abr Ahasani Gunnauri]] (1898–1973)<ref name="NCPU"/> and [[Khushtar Girami]] (1902–1988)<ref name="NCPU"/><ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Maktaba Shola aur Shabnam
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663482W/Gard_e_Raah
|title = Gard e Raah
|date = 1963
}}</ref>
* ''Husn-e-Ghazal'' (The beauty of Ghazal)- published by Miraj Mittal, Ambala in 1964.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Miraj Mittal
|location = Ambala, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663485W/Husn_e_Ghazal
|title = Husn e Ghazal
|date = 1964
}}</ref>
* ''Dhoop Aur Chandni'' (The Sunlight and the Moonlight) – published by Radha Krishan Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1977.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663486W/Dhoop_aur_Chandani
|title = Dhoop aur Chandani
|date = 1977
}}</ref>
* ''Rang-o-Noor'' (The Colour and the Light) – published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1981 (prize awarded by [[Urdu Academy, Uttar Pradesh|U.P.Urdu Academy]]).<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663498W/Rang_o_Noor
|title = Rang o Noor
|date = 1981
}}</ref>
* ''Soch ka Safar'' (The Journey of Thought) – published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1982.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663509W/Soch_ka_Safar
|title = Soch ka Safar
|date = 1982
}}</ref>
* ''Naram garam hawain'' (The soft Warm Air) – published posthumously by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1987 with the aid of Delhi Urdu Academy.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663510W/Naram_Garam_Hawain
|title = Naram Garam Hawain
|date = 1987
}}</ref>
* ''Meri Tasveer'' (My Portrait)- published by GBD Books, I-2/16, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi in 2011, {{ISBN|978-81-88951-88-8}}.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = GBD Books
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15638159W/Meri_Tasveer
|title = Meri Tasveer
|date = 2011
}}</ref>
* ''The Qat'aat o Rubaiyat of Zia Fatehabadi'' (Quatrains of Zia Fatehabadi, original [[Urdu]] text and [[English language|English]] Translation by Ravinder Kumar Soni And Sushil Soni) – published by Pigeon Books, an imprint of GBD Books, I-2/16, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi in 2012 commemorating Zia Fatehabadi's Birth Centenary Year, {{ISBN|978-93-82025-05-4}}.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Pigeon Books, an imprint of GBD Books, I-2/16, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi, India.
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://archive.org/details/the-qataat-o-rubaiyat-of-zia-fatehabadi/mode/2up
|title = The Qat'aat o Rubaiyat of Zia Fatehabadi
|date = 2012
}}</ref>
* ''Kuliyaat e Zia Fatehabadi Vol.1'' (Urdu Poetry) published by Bazm e Seemab, Delhi, in 2017 as an E-book.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi
|title = Kuliyaat e Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://archive.org/details/kuliyaat-e-zia-fatehabadi-vol.-1-2
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|edition = Kuliyaat e Zia Fatehabadi Vol.1
|date = 2017
}}</ref>

'''Urdu Prose:'''
* ''Zaaviyaha-e-nigaah'' (The viewpoint) – published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1983. Foreword by Jagdish Bhatnagar Hayat – (essays) (prize awarded by U.P.Urdu Academy).<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663436W/Zaviyaha_e_nighaah
|title = Zaviyaha e nighaah
|date = 1983
}}</ref>
* ''Suraj doob gayaa'' (The sun has Set)(short-stories) – published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1981. In the year 2017, a [[Hindi]] transliteration of these stories 'सूरज डूब गया’ ({{ISBN|81-88891-66-5}}) done by Saleha Siddiqui, literary critic and writer, was published by Darul Eshaat e Mustafai, Delhi – 110006.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663517W/Suraj_doob_gayaa
|title = Suraj doob gayaa
|date = 1981
}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Darul Eshaat-E- Mustafai
|isbn = 978-81-88891-66-5
|location = Delhi
|title = Suraj Doob Gaya (Hindi Edition)
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|date = 2017
|id = 81-88891-66-5
|ol = 26359504M
}}</ref>
* ''Masnad-e-sadaarat se'' (From the Podium)(presidential addresses) – published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1985.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663456W/Masnad_e_sadaarat_se
|title = Masnad e sadaarat se
|date = 1985
}}</ref>
* ''Seemab baanaam Zia'' (Seemab to Zia)(letters of Seemab to Zia) – published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1981.Foreword by Rashid Hasan Khan.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663440W/Seemab_baanaam_Zia
|title = Seemab baanaam Zia
|date = 1981
}}</ref>
* ''Zikr-e-Seemab'' (About Seemab)(Biography of Seemab) – published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1984.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663437W/Zikr_e_Seemab
|title = Zikr e Seemab
|date = 1984
}}</ref>
* ''Sher aur Shair'' (The Verse and the Poet)(essays) – published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1974.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663515W/Sher_aur_Shair
|title = Sher aur Shair
|date = 1974
}}</ref>
* ''Muzaameen-e-Zia'' (The Essays of Zia)<ref>{{cite book|title=Aaj Kal Vol. 43 no.7|year=1985|publisher=Govt. of India Publication Division Urdu|url=http://www.publicationsdivision.nic.in/j_info.asp|quote=Detailed write up on Mehr Lal Zia Fatehabadi's life and works|access-date=22 February 2011|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910211656/http://www.publicationsdivision.nic.in/j_info.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>The Encyclopedia of Indian Literature, Volume Two, by Amresh Datta, Mohan Lal p. 1444 (2006 Edition). Name of Zia Fatehabadi cited as a contributor to the collection of articles, titled – [[Gopal Mittal]] (1906–1993) – Shakhsiyat aur Funn, edited by Kumar Pashi (1935–1992) https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8126011947</ref>
* ''Zia Fatehabadi ke Khatoot'' (Letters of Zia Fatehabadi).

'''Select Reading:'''

List of books in Urdu on the life and works of Zia Fatehabadi:
* ''Budha Darakhat'' (The Old Tree) – Biography of Zia Fatehabadi written by Zarina Sani, Nagpur, foreword by [[Unwan Chishti]], and published by R.K.Sehgal, Bazm-e-Seemab, J 5/21, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi in 1979.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Bazm e Seemab
|location = New Delhi, India
|author = Zarina Sani
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15663432W/Budha_Darakhat
|title = Budha Darakhat
|date = 1979
}}</ref>
* ''Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs aur Shair'' (Zia Fatehabadi – The Person and the Poet) – Critical appraisal of Zia Fatehabadi's life and works conducted by [[Malik Ram]] and published by Ilmi Majlis, 1429, Chhata Nawab Sahib, Farashkhana, Delhi, in 1977.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Ilmi Majlis, Delhi
|location = Delhi, India
|title = Zia Fatehabadi - Shakhs Aur Shair
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15435189W/Zia_Fatehabadi_-_Shakhs_Aur_Shair
|author = Malik Ram
|edition = Zia Fatehabadi
|date = 1977
}}</ref>
* Editorial write up on Zia Fatehabadi's life and works in the Feb.1985 issue of ''Aaj Kal'' Vol.43 no.7 published by the Govt. of India, Publication Division Urdu, Patiala House, New Delhi.
* ''Zia Fatehabadi Number'' Oct.1986 issue of " Hamaari Zabaan " Vol.45 no.37 published by Anjuman-e-Taraqi Urdu Hind (Delhi), Rouse Avenue, New Delhi, it contains articles and views of noted Urdu writers on the life and works of Zia Fatehabadi.
* ''Zia-e-Urdu'' – Special issue of Nov.1985 by Saphia Siddiqui on behalf of Adara-e-Adab, London (U.K.) it contains articles and views of noted Urdu writers of U.K.
* Editorial write up in the Oct.1986. issue of the ''Monthly Biswin Sadi'' Vol.50 No.10, published by Biswin Sadi Publication (P) Ltd., Daryaganj, Delhi.
* ''Anjahaani Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi – Hayaat aur Karnaame'' 1989 Doctoral Dissertation on the life and works of Zia Fatehabadi presented by Shabbir Iqbal of Bombay University.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Mehr Foundation
|location = Dhulia, India
|title = Zia Fatehabadi Hayaat aur Kaarnaame
|url = https://openlibrary.org/works/OL17221553W/Zia_Fatehabadi_Hayaat_aur_Kaarnaame
|author = Dr.Shabbir Iqbal M.A.PhD
|edition = Zia Fatehabadi Hayaat aur Kaarnaame ضیاء فتح آبادی حیات اور کارنامے
|date = 2013
}}</ref>
* ''Zia Fatehabadi Number'' Special commemorative December 2015 issue of Urdu Monthly-The “[[Shair]]” Monthly, Mumbai, Vol.86 No.12, published by Maktaba Qasr-ul-adab, Girgaon, Mumbai-400004; it contains 17 articles as well as views and opinions of old and contemporary noted Urdu writers and poets on the life and works of Zia Fatehabadi.
* ''Zia e Urdu - Zia Fatehabadi'' ({{ISBN|81-88912-84-0}}) – Collection of twenty-three articles written by Prof. Ali Ahmed Fatami, formerly HOD Urdu Dept. St. John College, Agra, India; Dr. Shahida Dilawar Shah of Forman Christian College, Lahore; and other prominent Urdu academicians and litterateurs on the life and works of Zia Fatehabadi, edited by Saliha Siddiqui and published in 2016 by Book Corporation, Delhi-110006.
* ''Special Number Banaam Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi'' October 2016 Special Issue of Monthly 'Asbaque', Pune (India), Vol. 35 No.10, commemorating the memory of Zia Fatehabadi – contains 33 articles by eminent authors and literary critics on the life and works of Zia Fatehabadi, edited by Nazeer Fatehpuri.

==See also==
* [[List of Indian writers]]
* [[List of Indian poets]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=notes}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* Zia Fatehabadi - Photo gallery https://ziafatehabadi.weebly.com/photo-gallery.html(Archived at {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101194400/https://ziafatehabadi.weebly.com/photo-gallery.html |date=1 January 2018 }})
* Zia Fatehabadi at Kavita Kosh http://www.kavitakosh.org/ziafatehabadi {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193320/http://www.kavitakosh.org/ziafatehabadi |date=30 March 2012 }} Hindi(Archived at https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193320/http://www.kavitakosh.org/ziafatehabadi
* Zia Fatehabadi at Jakhira http://www.jakhira.com/search/label/mehr-lal-soni-zia-fatehabadi(Archived at {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626033621/http://www.jakhira.com/search/label/mehr-lal-soni-zia-fatehabadi/ |date=26 June 2017 }})
* Zia Fatehabadi at Nilambar http://kv.nilambar.com/poet/7770353(Archived at {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027081356/http://kv.nilambar.com/poet/7770353 |date=27 October 2012 }})
* Zia Fatehabadi at YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv9CZMlOpRUSJC6GFECuxdQ
* Zia Fatehabadi at Urdu Anjuman:-
* Ghazals ([[Urdu]]) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426062527/http://www.bazm.urduanjuman.com/index.php?topic=6668.0](Archived at)
* Rubaiyaat ([[Urdu]]) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426062555/http://www.bazm.urduanjuman.com/index.php?topic=6670.0](Archived at)
* Sonnets ([[Urdu]]) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426062636/http://www.bazm.urduanjuman.com/index.php?topic=6673.0](Archived at)
* Geets ([[Urdu]]) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426062648/http://www.bazm.urduanjuman.com/index.php?topic=6683.0](Archived at)
* Nazms ([[Urdu]]) http://www.bazm.urduanjuman.com/index.php?topic=6674.0 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001651/http://www.bazm.urduanjuman.com/index.php?topic=6674.0 |date=4 March 2016 }}
* The Complete Works of Zia Fatehabadi Vol.1 (Urdu Poetry) https://ziafatehabadi.weebly.com/uploads/2/0/7/0/20704710/kuliyaat_e_zia_fatehabadi_vol.1.pdf(Archived at {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809212937/http://ziafatehabadi.weebly.com/uploads/2/0/7/0/20704710/kuliyaat_e_zia_fatehabadi_vol.1.pdf |date=9 August 2017 }})
* Meri Tasveer (Hindi)http://ziafatehabadi.weebly.com/uploads/2/0/7/0/20704710/meri_tasveer.pdf(Archived at {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805144027/http://ziafatehabadi.weebly.com/uploads/2/0/7/0/20704710/meri_tasveer.pdf |date=5 August 2017 }})
* The Qat'aat o Rubaiyat of Zia Fatehabadi https://ziafatehabadi.weebly.com/uploads/2/0/7/0/20704710/the_qataat_o_rubaiyat_of_zia_fatehabadi_-_copy.pdf(Archived at {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326062544/https://ziafatehabadi.weebly.com/uploads/2/0/7/0/20704710/the_qataat_o_rubaiyat_of_zia_fatehabadi_-_copy.pdf |date=26 March 2019 }})

{{authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Poetry|Books}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fatehabadi, Mehr Lal Soni Zia}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kapurthala district]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:Forman Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:Sonneteers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:People from Tarn Taran district]]

Syed Muhammad Ashraf

2026-04-30T06:22:48Z

Alihaiderhussain: Put Up A Entry

{{Short description|Indian poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox writer


| name = Syed Muhammad Ashraf
| image = SM Ashraf.jpg
| birth_name = Muhammad Ashraf
| birth_date =
| birth_place =[[Marehra]], Etah [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = Income Tax Commissioner and Poet
| genre = Urdu novelist and short-story writer
| years_active = Present
{{Infobox person|child=yes
|father=
|mother= }}
| website =
| portaldisp = yes
}}
'''Syed Muhammad Ashraf''' also known as '''S. M. Ashraf''' is an Indian Retired Civil Servant (IRS) and an [[Urdu]] novelist and short-story writer. He is first person to qualify civil service examination in Urdu language in India. He has written novels and several collections of short stories. Some of his stories have been translated into English and other languages. He has received the [[Sahitya Academy Award]] in 2004<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/library/meettheauthor/syed_muhammad_ashraf.pdf|title=meet the author: Syed Mohammed Ashraf|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=10 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210080723/https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/library/meettheauthor/syed_muhammad_ashraf.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and Aalmi Farogh-e-Urdu Adab Award by Majlis-e-Farogh-e-Urdu Qatar in 2018.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.asiantelegraphqatar.com/current-affairs/qatar-majlis-announces-2018-aalmi-frogh-e-urdu-adab-awards/|title=Qatar: Majlis Announces 2018 Aalmi Frogh-e-Urdu Adab Awards – Asian Telegraph Qatar|access-date=8 April 2021|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526022733/https://www.asiantelegraphqatar.com/current-affairs/qatar-majlis-announces-2018-aalmi-frogh-e-urdu-adab-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Life==
He was born on 8 July 1957 at Sitapur, a town in Awadh region in Uttar Pradesh, he belongs to a family of devoted scholars and Sufi saints of [[Marehra Shareef]] in [[Etah district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. His father and ancestors headed the [[Khanquah-e-Barkaatiya]] that has catered down the ages for the spiritual alleviation of irrespective of their caste, color or creed.

His elder brother Prof. [[Ameen Mian Quadri|Syed Muhammad Ameen Mian Quadri]] is custodian of Marehra Shareef Dargah is counted among revered and influential Sufis.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}} The 'Philanthropic spiritual ambience of his home instilled into the young Ashraf the value system of Sufism love and brotherhood and a concern especially for the poor, needy and those in distress. Another formative influence on the young Ashraf's mind was his easy, enviable access to the rich library of [[Khanquah-e-Barkaatiya]], housing a treasure of Urdu,
Persian, Arabic and Sanskrit literary masterpieces.<ref name="auto">[http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/library/meettheauthor/syed_muhammad_ashraf.pdf Syed Muhammad Ashraf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210080723/https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/library/meettheauthor/syed_muhammad_ashraf.pdf |date=10 February 2024 }}</ref>

==Education==
Ashraf's literary predilection was developed and refined further, as he joined the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] for doing [[Bachelor of Arts]] in Urdu literature. That he took part in the co-curricular activities, particularly literary ones, as evident from the several posts he held at the AMU, ranging from Secretary, University Literary Club, Secretary AMU Great Books Club to Editor, Aftab Magazine. Also, he was the winner of various debating trophies. Ashraf's preoccupation with literary activities and writing stories gained wide acclaim on the University campus, he kept earning the highest academic distinctions by standing first in his BA (Hons.) and MA examinations and was awarded Gold Medals for his academic excellence. After obtaining his master's degree he appeared at the highly competitive Civil Service Examinations and set a new record in the history of UPSC as he took Urdu as the medium of examination and qualified Civil Service.<ref name="auto"/>

==Career==
In 1981, he joined Indian Revenue Service and in 1990, he was appointed as Joint Commissioner Income Tax, Kanpur 1992 and also established Sir Syed Public Schools in Kanpur and rose to be the first Income Tax Commissioner at Aligarh in 2007, after having served at important positions in the Income 'tax Department at Nagpur, Agra, Kanpur and Mumbai, presently he is posted as Commissioner of Income Tax in New Delhi.<ref name="auto"/>

Apart from discharging his professional duty, Ashraf holds the cause of education very dear to his heart. He has been instrumental in establishing educational institutions for the underprivileged in Kanpur, Marehra and Unnao and founding the educational complex, Al-Barkaat Educational Institution at Aligarh that imparts the education of CBSE 10 +2/MBA/BE.d and other professions courses. He has delivered lectures on social, educational and cultural issues at the leading 'Indian universities and also at the Urdu Festival under the aegis of [[University of Virginia]], USA.<ref name="auto"/>

==Awards and Posts==
In 2008, he was awarded membership of Bhasha Samiti for [[Saraswati Samman]] while in 2008 he was appointed as member, National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (NCPUL). In recognition of his services in promoting of Urdu literature, Ashraf has been honored with the highest literary awards in India including Sahitya Academy Award (2003), UP Urdu Academy Collective Services Award (2013), [[Madhya Pradesh]] Govt.’s ‘Iqbal Samman Award’ (2017) and ‘Katha award’ (1995).<ref name="auto1"/> He is founder Vice President of Al-Barkat Educational Institutions and [[Jamia Al-Barkaat]] and Al-Barkaat Public School.

==Works==
Ashraf has shown his creativity in all his fiction stories, novels, poetry and non-fiction prose. Among his fiction books include ‘''Dar se Bichrhe''’ (1994), ‘''Baad-e-Saba ka Intezar''’ (2000), in novels ‘''Mera man; Ek qissa suno''’, ‘''Number war ka Neela''<nowiki/>'(1997 ), ‘''Murdar Khor''’ and ‘''Aakhri Sawariyan''’ got fame. Many of his novels have been translated into English, Hindi and other Indian languages. He has also written the biography of his father, titled ‘''Yaad-e-Hassan’'' and published a collection of his naatia poetry titled ‘''Sallo alehe waleh''’. Many students at [[Jammu University]], [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and [[Delhi University]] are doing M. Phil. on his novels ‘Dar se Bichrhe’ and ‘Number dar ka Neela’.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

His award-winning novel ‘The Silence of the Hyena’ is an inextricable part of some people's daily lives.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}} The real-life instances curated into the narrative of some stories flow smoothly. Using animals as metaphors, the award-winning writer Syed Muhammad Ashraf, who qualified the Indian Administrative Service in his mother tongue, Urdu, has tried to get into the recesses of the human heart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/syed-muhammad-ashraf-finds-human-stories-in-animal-kingdom-157470|title=Syed Muhammad Ashraf finds human stories in animal kingdom|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=10 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210080729/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/syed-muhammad-ashraf-finds-human-stories-in-animal-kingdom-157470|url-status=live}}</ref> His works include:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/of-a-world-imagined/article8651013.ece|title=Of a world imagined|first=Shafey|last=Kidwai|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 May 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=5 April 2021|archive-date=10 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210080837/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/of-a-world-imagined/article8651013.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1313446|title='Future of fiction writing is very bright'|first=Aamir|last=Yasin|date=8 February 2017|website=DAWN.COM|access-date=8 April 2021|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208230455/http://www.dawn.com/news/1313446|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rekhta.org/authors/syed-mohammad-ashraf/stories|title=Short stories of Syed Mohammad Ashraf|website=Rekhta|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031012431/https://www.rekhta.org/authors/syed-mohammad-ashraf/stories|url-status=live}}</ref>

*''Daar Se Bichde''
*''Baad-e-Saba Ka Intizar''
*''Aadmi''
*''General knowledge se bahar ka Sawaal''
*''Aakhri Ban-baas''
*''Lakadbaggha Roya''
*''Qurbani Ka Janwar''
*''Andhaa Oont''
*''Lakadbaggha Chup Ho Gaya''
*''Qadeem Maabadon ka Muhafiz''
*''Aakhri Mod Par''
*''Lakadbaggha Hansa''
*''Toofan''

==See also==
*[[Wasim Barelvi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashraf, Syed Muhammad}}
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Urdu-language short story writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language novelists]]

Chander Prakash (general)

2026-04-29T04:29:10Z

Alihaiderhussain: Stub!

{{Short description|Indian army general}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Chander Prakash
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1953}}
| death_date =
| birth_place =
| image = Chander Prakash (cropped).jpg
| nickname =
| allegiance = India, United Nations
| branch = [[Indian Army]]
| service_years =
| rank = [[Lieutenant general]]
| service_number = 
| unit =
| commands = [[United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|MONUSCO]] (2010–2013)
| battles = [[M23 rebellion (2012–2013)|M23 rebellion]]
| battles_label =
| awards = {{Plainlist |
* [[Sena Medal|SM]]
* [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
}}
| other_work =
}}

'''Chander Prakash Wadhwa''' SM, VSM, (born 1953) is a senior [[Indian Army]] [[Lieutenant general|Lt. General]] who was Force Commander of [[United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|MONUSCO]], the United Nations mission in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. He served from August 2010 until 31 March 2013.<ref name=curriculum>{{cite web|url=http://monusco.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=OoNLvTEuo2s%3D&tabid=10783&mid=13802&language=en-US|title=Curriculum Vitae:Lieutenant General Chander Prakash, Force Commander, MONUSCO|publisher=MONUSCO, United Nations|accessdate=4 September 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023254/http://monusco.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=OoNLvTEuo2s%3D&tabid=10783&mid=13802&language=en-US|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref>

He joined the [[Indian Army]] in June 1973. From 1989 to 1990 he served as a military observer for the [[UNIIMOG]] mission in Iraq and Iran. He has also commanded a mountain division and a counter insurgency brigade. From January 2005 until February 2008, he was the [[military attaché]] of the Indian Embassy in Paris, France. His responsibilities included defensive cooperation with France and the [[Benelux]]-countries. He later became Additional Directorate General of Staff Duties at the Indian Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence, where he was responsible for the peacekeeping operations of India.<ref name=curriculum/><ref name=appointment/>

Prakash was appointed as Force Commander of MONUSCO in August 2010, he succeeded [[Babacar Gaye]].<ref name=appointment>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sga1255.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General names India's Lieutenant General Chander Prakash Force Commander |publisher=United Nations |date= |accessdate=4 September 2013}}</ref> He himself was succeeded by Brazilian [[Divisional_general#Brazil|Divisional General]] [[Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz]] in March 2013.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/sga1407.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General Appoints Lieutenant General Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz |publisher=United Nations |date= |accessdate=4 September 2013}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|[[File:Sena Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Special Service Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND High Altitude Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Videsh Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 30 Years Long Service Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|{{MilAward Ribbon|MONUSCO|x30px}}
|{{MilAward Ribbon|UNOMIL|x30px}}
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|[[Sena Medal]]
|[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Awards and Decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|Special Service Medal]]
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[Awards and Decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|High Altitude Service Medal]]
|[[Videsh Seva Medal]]
|[[Awards and Decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|50th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|[[Awards and Decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Awards and Decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Awards and Decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[MONUSCO|UN Mission in Congo Medal]]
|[[UNOMIL|UN Mission in Liberia Medal]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Babacar Gaye]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = Force Commander of [[MONUSCO]] | years = 2010–2013}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash, Chander}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian generals]]
[[Category:United Nations military personnel]]
[[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]
[[Category:Military attachés for India]]

{{India-mil-bio-stub}}

Divya Gokulnath

2026-04-28T16:33:37Z

Alihaiderhussain: Done!

{{short description|Co-founder and Director of BYJU's}}
{{Indian patronymic|Divya|Gokulnath}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Divya Gokulnath
| image = Divya Gokulnath (cropped).jpg
| caption = Divya Gokulnath in 2022
| alt =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1987}}
| birth_place =
| spouse = [[Byju Raveendran]]
| children = 3
| father =
| alma_mater = [[R.V. College of Engineering]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Entrepreneurship|Entrepreneur]]|[[Educator]]}}
| title = Co-founder of [[Byju's]]
| years_active = 2008–present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Divya Gokulnath''' (born 1987) is an Indian entrepreneur and educator who is the co-founder of [[Byju's]], an [[educational technology]] company founded in 2011 in Bangalore, India.<ref name="Fortune 2020">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/mpw/divya-gokulnath?year=2020|title=Most Powerful Women of 2020 by Fortune India|work=Fortune India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Chen|first1=Benjamin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wagvEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Divya+Gokulnath%22&pg=PT172|title=Youth Economist Compilation: For the youth by the youths|last2=Garcia|first2=David Cendon|last3=Caldas|first3=Amy Espinoza|last4=Andrade|first4=Beatriz|last5=Nicholas|first5=Kayla|last6=Dhesi|first6=Kiman|last7=Costa|first7=Luciana|last8=Huemer|first8=Sarah|last9=Shekhawat|first9=Vaidaansh|date=2021-05-23|publisher=Benjamin Chen|isbn=979-8-5056-5091-2|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

Divya was born and raised in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]].<ref name="Ghosh 2020"/> Her father worked as a [[nephrologist]] at [[Apollo Hospitals]], while her mother was a programming executive with [[Doordarshan]].<ref name="Ghosh 2020">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Debojyoti |title=Byju's better half |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/people/byjus-better-half/104850 |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=Fortune India |date=21 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=STP Team |title=Women Can Take Care And Take Charge. They Needn't Have to Choose says Divya Gokulnath |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/divya-gokulnath-byjus-interview/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=[[SheThePeople.TV]] |date=12 March 2021}}</ref> Divya is the only child of her parents.<ref>{{Cite news|last=STP Team|date=12 March 2021|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/videos/who-is-divya-gokulnath-byjus-co-founder-net-worth/|title=Who is Divya Gokulnath: All You Need to Know About Byju's Co-founder|work=[[SheThePeople.TV]]|access-date=24 March 2021|archive-date=6 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306071937/https://www.shethepeople.tv/videos/who-is-divya-gokulnath-byjus-co-founder-net-worth/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> During her childhood, Divya's father taught her science.<ref name="Punj 2021">{{cite news |last1=Punj |first1=Shwweta |title=Start-ups must take quick decisions: Byju's co-founder Divya Gokulnath |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/start-ups-must-take-quick-decisions-byju-s-co-founder-divya-gokulnath-1785264-2021-03-30 |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=India Today |date=30 March 2021}}</ref>

Divya, a graduate of [[The Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore|Frank Anthony Public School]], went on to receive a [[Bachelor of Technology]] in [[Biotechnology]] from [[R.V. College of Engineering|RV College of Engineering]].<ref name="Ghosh 2020"/><ref name="Kapani 2021">{{Cite news|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/366761|last=Kapani |first=Puneet |title=Divya Gokulnath: Educationist,Entrepreneur|date=9 March 2021|work=Entrepreneur}}</ref>

After her graduation in 2007, she met [[Byju Raveendran]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vedam|first=Venkatesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKdYEAAAQBAJ&dq=Divya+Gokulnath&pg=PT77|title=The Puffin Book of 100 Extraordinary Indians|date=2022-01-24|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5492-361-6|language=en}}</ref> her instructor for GRE preparation.<ref name="Ghosh 2020" /><ref name="ET 2020">{{cite news |last1=ET Now Digital |title=With a wealth of over Rs 11,300 crore, meet India's youngest billionaire |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/companies/article/with-a-wealth-of-over-rs-22000-crore-these-two-are-indias-youngest-billionaires/664128 |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=TimesNowNews |date=10 October 2020}}</ref> Byju encouraged her to become a teacher due to her questions during breaks between the classes.<ref name="Ghosh 2020" />

Her career as a teacher began in 2008<ref name="Ghosh 2020" /> at age 21.<ref>{{cite news |last1=DNA Web Team |title=International Women's Day 2021: Meet the 94-year-old whom Anand Mahindra termed 'Entrepreneur of the year' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-international-women-day-five-female-entrepreneur-94-year-old-entrepreneur-of-the-year-anand-mahindra-2879555 |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=DNA India |date=7 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="Kapani 2021"/> In 2020, she told ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune India]]'', "It was an auditorium-style class with 100 students. They were just a couple of years younger than me so to look mature I wore a saree to the class."<ref name="Ghosh 2020" /> During her teaching career, she taught mathematics, English, and logical reasoning.<ref name="Ghosh 2020" />

==Career==
In 2011, Divya and her husband co-founded [[Byju's]], an online education platform initially providing in-person education to support school learning, followed by an online app that features video lessons.<ref name="Gilchrist 2020">{{cite news |last1=Gilchrist |first1=Karen |title=These millennials are reinventing the multibillion-dollar education industry during coronavirus |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/08/edtech-how-schools-education-industry-is-changing-under-coronavirus.html |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=CNBC |date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Forbes 2020"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Byju's cofounder Divya Gokulnath claims media reports on FY21 financials were misleading |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/byjus-cofounder-divya-gokulnath-says-media-reports-on-fy21-financials-were-misleading/articleshow/94324427.cms |website=The Economic Times|date=20 September 2022 }}</ref> With her expertise, Divya has served as a teacher in some educational videos.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rai |first1=Saritha |title=Zuckerberg or Gates? Billionaires Try Opposite Paths for Online Education in India |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-20/zuckerberg-or-gates-billionaires-try-opposites-paths-for-online-education-in-india |access-date=27 March 2021 |work=Bloomberg |date=20 June 2017}}</ref>

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Divya took charge of user experience, content, and brand marketing to ensure uninterrupted learning for students.<ref name="Ghosh 2020" /> As a result of these efforts, Byju's educational content was made available for free to students during the pandemic, leading to the addition of 13.5 million new users, bringing the total to 50 million by April 2020 and a total of 70 million students by September 2020, eventually garnering 4.5 million subscribers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-18 |title=Free access to BYJU's learning program sees 60% increase in online traffic |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/technology/free-access-to-byjus-learning-program-sees-60-increase-in-online-traffic-5512191.htm |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2022-02-10 |title=Edtech firm Byju's plans to expand its free education programme |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/edtech-firm-byju-s-plans-to-expand-its-free-education-programme-122021001528_1.html |access-date=2022-07-18}}</ref><ref name="Insider 2020">{{cite news |title=Roshni Nadar, Divya Gokulnath, Ameera Shah and Vinati Saraf — India's most powerful businesswomen of 2020, according to Forbes |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/list-of-indias-most-powerful-business-women-of-2020/slidelist/78277386.cms |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=Business Insider India |date=23 September 2020}}</ref>

According to ''[[Forbes]]'', as of 2020, Divya, her husband [[Byju Raveendran]] and his brother Riju Raveendran, have a combined net worth of $3.05 billion.<ref name="Forbes 2020">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/byju-raveendran-and-divya-gokulnath-1/?list=india-billionaires&sh=5e1254e55bb3|title=India's Richest - #46 Byju Raveendran and Divya Gokulnath & family|date=10 July 2020|work=Forbes}}</ref>

Divya also writes online, including about the future of education, parenting, and women's participation in [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] fields<ref name="Chand 2020" /><ref name="Priya 2021">{{cite news |last1=Priya |first1=Ratan |title=10 Female Leaders On LinkedIn Who Are A Must-Follow for 2021 |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/10-female-leaders-on-linkedin-who-inspire-us/ |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=SheThePeople.TV |date=7 January 2021}}</ref> and has been an advocate for mitigating the [[gender pay gap in India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-29 |title='First acknowledge pay gap, then devise a long-term strategy to fix it': BYJU'S co-founder Divya Gokulnath |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/byjus-co-founder-divya-gokulnath-teaching-learning-womens-day-empowerment-pay-gap-strategy-organisation-employees-female-interview-7806344/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She has also spoken with ''Mint Startup Diaries'' about challenges for women entrepreneurs,<ref>{{cite news |title=Byju's Divya Gokulnath: Why Women Entrepreneurs are missing from India's Start-Up Story |url=https://www.livemint.com/videos/byjus-divya-gokulnath-why-women-entrepreneurs-are-missing-from-india-s-start-up-story-11617635183763.html |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=LiveMint |date=5 April 2021}}</ref> and co-written an opinion article with [[Byju Raveendran]] in ''[[Vogue India]]'' about educational technology in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raveendran |first1=Byju |last2=Gokulnath |first2=Divya |title=Byju Raveendran and Divya Gokulnath on India's growth potential: "The power of education and technology can transform our country" |url=https://www.vogue.in/magazine-story/byju-raveendran-and-divya-gokulnath-on-indias-growth-potential-the-power-of-education-and-technology-can-transform-our-country/ |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=Vogue India |date=21 October 2020}}</ref>

In March 2022, Divya Gokulnath was appointed as the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry]]'s EdTech Taskforce Chair.<ref name='fc'>{{Cite web |title=FICCI announces the appointment of Divya Gokulnath, Co-founder, BYJUS as Chair of the FICCI EdTech Taskforce,Mar 23, 2022 |url=http://www.ficci.in/pressrelease-page.asp?nid=4411 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=ficci.in}}</ref>

In February 2024, the Karnataka High Court stopped an attempt by some Byju's shareholders to remove leadership roles from Byju Raveendran, Divya Gokulnath, and Riju Raveendran, pending further court proceedings on 13 March.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=George |date=2024-02-23 |title=Byju's shareholders vote to oust founder Raveendran, seek board revamp; company calls EGM invalid |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/byjus-shareholders-vote-to-remove-ceo-byju-raveendran-family-9177457/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BYJU's investors seek ouster of founders Byju Raveendran, Divya Gokulnath |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-byju-s-investors-seek-ouster-of-founders-byju-raveendran-divya-gokulnath-egm-notice-3076527 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Honours and awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}}
|-
|2019
|rowspan="2"|[[LinkedIn]] Top Voices: India
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Here is the LinkedIn Top Voices 2019 India|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/slideshows/here-is-the-linkedin-top-voices-2019-india-list/slidelist/72357075.cms}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|<ref name="Chand 2020">{{cite news |last1=Chand |first1=Abhigyan |title=LinkedIn Top Voices 2020: India |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/linkedin-top-voices-2020-india-abhigyan-chand |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=LinkedIn News |date=17 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]'' Most Powerful Women in Indian Business
|<ref>{{cite news |title=BT MPW 2020: Business Today honours 'Most Powerful Women' who lead from the front |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/businesstoday-honours-most-powerful-women-in-business-and-economy-who-lead-from-front/story/417721.html |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |date=4 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]'' Power List
|<ref name="Priya 2021" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamdar |first1=Shraddha |title=Femina Power List: BYJU'S Co-Founder Divya Gokulnath Is A Teacher at Heart |url=https://www.femina.in/trending/achievers/femina-power-list-byjus-founder-divya-gokulnath-is-a-teacher-at-heart-178273-1.html |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=[[Femina (India)|Femina]] |date=23 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Forbes]]'' Asia's Power Businesswomen
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Rana Wehbe |title=Asia's Power Businesswomen 2020: Highlighting 25 Outstanding Leaders In Asia Pacific |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2020/09/14/asias-power-businesswomen-2020-highlighting-25-outstanding-leaders-in-asia-pacific/?sh=1ffd06f5b5fa |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=Forbes |date=14 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Fortune India]]'' Most Powerful Women
|<ref name="Fortune 2020"/>
|-
|2021
|[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] 50 Most Powerful Women In Business
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=-Debojyoti|title=Divya Gokulnath - Most Powerful Women in 2021 - Fortune India|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/mpw/divya-gokulnath?year=2021|access-date=2022-02-24|website=www.fortuneindia.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|[[Kotak Mahindra Bank|Kotak Private Banking]]'s Hurun Leading Wealthy Women List for 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sethi |first=Vamanna |title=Meet Divya Gokulnath, Ruchi Kalra and Neha Bansal — the richest women startup entrepreneurs in India |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/meet-divya-gokulnath-ruchi-kalra-and-neha-bansal-the-richest-women-startup-entrepreneurs-in-india/slidelist/93213069.cms |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://images.kotak.com/bank/mailers/2022/files/Kotak%20Private%20Banking%20Hurun%20Leading%20Wealthy%20Women%202021.pdf |title=Kotak Private Bank Hurun Leading Wealthy Lady 2021 |publisher=[[Kotak Mahindra Bank|Kotak Private Bank]] |year=2022 |location=Mumbai |pages=18}}</ref>

|-
|2022
|[[Fortune India]] 40 under 40
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=-Asmita |title=Divya Gokulnath - India's Young & Brightest Entrepreneurs in 40 Under 40 2022 - Fortune India |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/40under40/divya-gokulnath?year=2022 |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[The Indian Express]]' ExpressAWE
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=ExpressAWE 2022 Highlights: Anu Aga gets Lifetime Achievement award, Nykaa's Falguni Nayar named newsmaker of the year |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/expressawe-2022-live-updates-indias-top-women-entrepreneurs-felicitated-sheryl-sandberg-to-speak/2406785/ |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=Financialexpress |date=7 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Personal life==
Divya is married to [[Byju Raveendran]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Byju Raveendran's wife pens emotional post on his struggles, says 'it was tough' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/byju-raveendran-s-wife-pens-emotional-post-on-his-struggles-says-it-was-tough-101664336163340.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=28 September 2022}}</ref> As of April 2020, Divya lived with eleven other family members, including their young son<ref name="Phadnis 2020">{{cite news |last1=Phadnis |first1=Shilpa |title=How Women Executives Run Businesses From Home |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-women-executives-run-business-from-home/articleshow/75116109.cms |work=Times of India |date=13 April 2020}}</ref> and then their second child was born near the beginning of 2021.<ref name="Narayanan 2021">{{cite news |last1=Narayanan |first1=Jayashree |title='Take time out for yourself': Successful women entrepreneurs share mantra for work-life balance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/international-womens-day-take-time-out-women-entrepreneurs-work-life-balance-mental-health-7212714/ |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=8 March 2021}}</ref> Before the COVID-19 pandemic, she worked long days at the office, but during the lockdown, began working from home.<ref name="Ghosh 2020" /><ref name="Phadnis 2020"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Alves |first1=Glynda |title=Byju's co-founder has turned her bedroom into a work studio during WFH |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/byjus-co-founder-has-turned-her-bedroom-into-a-work-studio-during-wfh/articleshow/76436531.cms |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=The Economic Times - Panache |date=18 June 2020}}</ref>

In 2021, she told ''The Indian Express'', that her typical day includes "juggling son's online classes, meetings, recording video lessons and spending time with a newborn."<ref name="Narayanan 2021" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{sister project links|d=Q106122307|c=Category:Divya Gokulnath|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|q=no|species=no}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gokulnath, Divya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian company founders]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in education]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Byju's]]
[[Category:Female billionaires]]

Sophia Duleep Singh

2026-04-28T13:29:25Z

Alihaiderhussain: Put Up A Bio

{{Short description|British suffragist (1876–1948)}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Sophia Duleep Singh
|image = File:1910-Sophia-Suffragette-Duleep-Singh-fixed.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Sophia Duleep Singh selling ''The Suffragette'' in 1913
|birth_name = Sophia Alexandrovna Duleep Singh
|birth_date = 8 August 1876
|birth_place = [[Elveden Hall]], [[Elveden]], Suffolk, England
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1948|8|22|1876|8|8}}
|death_place = [[Tylers Green]], Buckinghamshire, England
|religion = [[Sikhism]]
|occupation = Prominent [[suffragette]] in the United Kingdom
|father = [[Duleep Singh]]
|mother = [[Bamba Müller]]
}}
'''Princess Sophia Alexandrovna Duleep Singh''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|f|aɪ|.|ə}} {{respell|sə|FY|ə}};<ref>{{harvnb|Anand|2015|p=46}}, "It was [...] pronounced with stretched vowels according to the fashion of the day – {{'}}''So-fire''.{{'}}</ref> 8 August 1876 – 22 August 1948) was a British [[suffragette]]. Her father was [[Maharaja]] [[Maharaja Dalip Singh|Sir Duleep Singh]], who had lost his [[Sikh Empire]] to the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province of British India]] and was subsequently exiled to England. Sophia's mother was [[Bamba Müller]], who was half German and half Ethiopian, and her godmother was [[Queen Victoria]]. She had four sisters, including two half-sisters, and three brothers. She lived in Faraday House in [[Hampton Court]], given to her by Queen Victoria as a [[grace and favour|grace-and-favour home]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Princess Sophia Duleep Singh - Suffragette - Blue Plaques |url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/sophia-duleep-singh/ |publisher=English Heritage |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref>

During the early twentieth century, Singh was one of several Indian women who pioneered the cause of women's rights in Britain. Although she is best remembered for her leading role in the [[Women's Tax Resistance League]], she also participated in other [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom|women's suffrage]] groups, including the [[Women's Social and Political Union]].

==Early life==
Sophia Duleep Singh was born on 8 August 1876 in [[Belgravia]]{{sfn|Anand|2015|p=4}} and lived in [[Elveden Hall]], [[Suffolk]].<ref name=Writer>{{Cite web|url=http://asiahouse.org/uk-general-election-drama-unfolds-writer-recalls-indian-princess-turned-suffragette/|title=As UK General Election drama unfolds, writer recalls Indian princess-turned suffragette|access-date=1 July 2016|publisher=Asia House Organization|archive-date=23 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823014004/http://asiahouse.org/uk-general-election-drama-unfolds-writer-recalls-indian-princess-turned-suffragette/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sophia Duleep Singh |url=https://beta.nationalarchives.gov.uk/explore-the-collection/stories/sophia-duleep-singh/?utm_source=e-shot&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Shop+promo+08.03.25 |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=The National Archives |language=en-GB}}</ref> She was the third daughter of [[Maharaja Duleep Singh]] (the last Maharaja of the [[Sikh Empire]]) and his first wife, [[Bamba Müller]].<ref name=Sarna/> Bamba was the daughter of Ludwig Müller, a German [[merchant banker]] of Todd Müller and Company, and Sofia, his [[Mistress (lover)|mistress]], who was of [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinian]] (Ethiopian) descent.<ref name=duleep>{{cite web|url=http://www.duleepsingh.com/Biography.aspx?evid=24 |title=Maharani Bamba Duleep Singh |publisher=DuleepSingh.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919041018/http://www.duleepsingh.com/Biography.aspx?evid=24 |archive-date=19 September 2013 }}</ref> The Maharaja and Bamba had ten children, of whom six survived.<ref name=duleep/><ref name=Tonkin>{{cite news|last=Tonkin|first=Boyd| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/sophia-princess-suffragette-revolutionary-by-anita-anand-book-review-9965418.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/sophia-princess-suffragette-revolutionary-by-anita-anand-book-review-9965418.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary by Anita Anand, book review|date=8 January 2015|work=The Independent|quote=...the platonic love-affair that yoked Victoria to the dispossessed Maharajah Duleep Singh, "so handsome and charming"...}}</ref><ref name=Kellogg >{{cite web|last=Kellogg |first=Carolyn |url=http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-ca-jc-anita-anand-20150111-story.html|title='Sophia' a fascinating story of a princess turned revolutionary|date=8 January 2015|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Singh combined Indian, European, and African ancestry with a British aristocratic upbringing, which her string of names reflected.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Parker |first1=Peter |title=Sophia Duleep Singh: from socialite to socialist |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/sophia-duleep-singh-from-socialite-to-socialist |access-date=28 February 2022 |magazine=The Spectator |date=24 January 2015 |language=en}}</ref> She was named ''Sophia'' for her maternal grandmother, the formerly enslaved woman from Ethiopia; and ''Alexandrovna'' in tribute to her godmother, Queen Victoria ("Alexandrina Victoria"). Some sources also report an additional forename, ''Jindan'', after her paternal grandmother, [[Jind Kaur|Maharani Jind Kaur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sophia Duleep Singh: The Indian Princess Who Fought for Women's Rights |url=https://www.hrp.org.uk/hampton-court-palace/history-and-stories/sophia-duleep-singh/#gs.rk64n4 |website=Historic Royal Palaces |quote=Sophia's names show a truly international and remarkable family history: Sophia, after her enslaved Ethiopian maternal grandmother; Jindan, after her paternal grandmother, Maharani Jind Kaur; and Alexandrovna, after her godmother Queen (Alexandrina) Victoria.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhillon |first1=Ruby |title=Remembering Sophia Duleep Singh: The Princess turned women's rights activist |url=https://www.indianweekender.co.nz/Pages/ArticleDetails/70/16574/Women/Remembering-Sophia-Duleep-Singh-The-Princess-turned-womens-rights-activist |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=Indian Weekender |date=22 August 2021 |language=en-NZ}}</ref> Because of the family's complex history, the India Office kept them under surveillance in case they became involved in any political activity around India.<ref name=":0" />

In the aftermath of the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]], her father had been forced, at age{{nbsp}}11, to abdicate his kingdom to the [[East India Company]] and give the [[Kohinoor diamond|Koh-i-Noor diamond]] to [[Lord Dalhousie]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Sumita |title=Indian Suffragettes: Female Identities and Transnational Networks |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2018 |isbn=9780199484218 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_2cGtAEACAAJ&q=Indian+Suffragettes:+Female+Identities+and+Transnational+Networks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Freeman |first1=Henry |title=East India Company, Beginning to End}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wild |first1=Antony |title=East India Company: trade and Conquest}}</ref> He was exiled from India by the East India Company at age{{nbsp}}15 and moved to England, where Queen Victoria treated him with maternal fondness. She and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]] were impressed by his handsomeness and regal bearing. They formed a close bond with him over the years. The queen was godmother to several of his children, and his family's upkeep was provided for by the East India Company.<ref>{{cite news |last1=BBC Staff |title=Royal tribute to first Sikh settler |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/407061.stm |access-date=9 October 2021 |publisher=BBC News |date=29 July 1999}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://historysheroes.e2bn.org/hero/timeline/3521|title=Princess Sophia Duleep Singh – Timeline|publisher=History Heroes organization}}</ref><ref name=Sarna>{{cite web|last=Sarna|first=Navtej|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20150202-sophia-princess-suffragette-revolutionary-anita-anand-review-navtej-sarna-anita-anand-817330-2015-01-22|title= The princess dares: Review of Anita Anand's book "Sophia"|date=23 January 2015|work=India Today News Magazine}}</ref><ref name=Kellogg/><ref name=Tonkin/><ref name=Anand>{{cite web|last= Anand|first= Anita |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/Sophia-the-suffragette/articleshow/45839386.cms|title=Sophia, the suffragette|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 January 2015|ref=none}}</ref> Duleep Singh converted to [[Christianity]] at a young age, some time prior to his removal from India.<ref name="box 2000">{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Christopher |title=The Maharajah's box: An imperial story of conspiracy, love and a guru's prophecy |date=2000 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=Hammersmith, London |isbn=978-0-00-653078-7 |pages=44, 100–102}}</ref> In later life, he reconverted to [[Sikhism]]<ref name=duleep/> and espoused the independence movement in India as he became more aware of the way in which the politics of the British Empire had resulted in the loss of his own kingdom.<ref name=Sarna/>

Singh's brothers included [[Victor Duleep Singh]] and [[Frederick Duleep Singh]]; her two full sisters were [[Catherine Duleep Singh]], a suffragette, and [[Bamba Sutherland|Bamba Duleep Singh]].<ref name="duleep" />

Singh developed [[typhoid]] at age 10. Her mother, who was attending her, contracted the disease, fell into a coma, and died on 17{{nbsp}}September 1887. On 31{{nbsp}}May 1889 her father married Ada Wetherill, a chambermaid,<ref name="Tonkin" /> with whom he had two daughters.<ref name="History" /><ref name="duleep" /> In 1886, when Sophia was ten, her father attempted to return to India with his family against the wishes of the British government; they were turned back in [[Aden]] by arrest warrants.<ref name="Sarna" /><ref name="Anand" />

Queen Victoria was fond of Duleep Singh and his family, particularly Sophia, who was her [[Godparent|goddaughter]], and encouraged her and her sisters to become socialites.<ref name=Tonkin/> Sophia, with her fashionable address, wore Parisian dresses, bred championship dogs, pursued photography and cycling, and attended parties.<ref name=Sarna/><ref name=Kellogg/>

After a period of ill health, her father died in a rundown Paris hotel<ref name=Anand/> on 22{{nbsp}}October 1893 at age 55.<ref name=History/> She inherited substantial wealth from her father at his death in 1893, but she and her siblings were put under the guardianship of Arthur Craigie Oliphant until they reached their majorities. Age 17, Singh was sent to a school in Brighton.<ref name=":0" />

In 1898 Queen Victoria, her godmother, granted Sophia and her sisters Bamba and Catherine a [[grace and favour]] apartment in Faraday House, [[Hampton Court Palace|Hampton Court]] with a £200 a year allowance for expenses.<ref name="History" /><ref name=":0" /> Singh did not initially live in Faraday House; she stayed at the Manor House in [[Old Buckenham]], near her brother Prince Frederick.<ref name="History" />

The British government lessened their vigilant watch on the shy, silent, grief-stricken Singh, which proved a misjudgement. She made a secret trip to India with her sister, Bamba, to attend the 1903 [[Delhi Durbar]], where she was ignored. This impressed on Singh the futility of public and media popularity, and she returned to England determined to change her course.<ref name="Anand" /> During a 1907 trip to India, she visited [[Amritsar]] and [[Lahore]] and met relatives.<ref name="History" /> This visit was a turning point in her life, as she faced the realities of [[poverty in India]] and what her family had lost by choosing to surrender.<ref name="Kellogg" /> In India, Singh hosted a "[[purdah]] party" in [[Shalimar, Lahore|Shalimar Bagh]] in Lahore ([[Ranjit Singh|her grandfather's]] capital). During the visit, all the while shadowed by British agents, she encountered Indian independence activists such as [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]] and [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and expressed sympathy for their cause.<ref name="Sarna" /><ref name="Kellogg" /> Singh admired Rai, and his imprisonment by the authorities on "charges of sedition" turned Sophia against the [[British Raj]].<ref name="Sarna" />

In 1909 her brother bought Blo' Norton Hall in [[South Norfolk]] for himself and a house in [[Blo' Norton]], Thatched Cottage, for his sisters.<ref name=History/> That year, Sophia attended a farewell party at the [[Westminster Palace Hotel]] for [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name=History/>

Bamba Duleep Singh, Sophia's oldest sister, married Dr{{nbsp}} Lt Colonel David Waters Sutherland, principal of King Edward's Medical College in [[Lahore]]. They had no children.<ref name="spectrum">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090920/spectrum/main3.htm|title=The Princess who died unknown|last=Kang|first=Kanwarjit Singh|date=20 September 2009|work=The Sunday Tribune|accessdate=13 March 2010}}</ref>

==Later life and activism==
[[File:Photograph of three daughters (Sophia, Bamba, and Catherine) of Maharaja Duleep Singh and Bamba Müller in May 1895 (Peter Bance Collection) (cropped).jpg|thumb|396x396px|Sophia Duleep Singh (on the right), with her sisters Bamba and Catherine]]
After Singh returned from India in 1909, she joined the [[Women's Social and Political Union]] (WSPU) at the behest of [[Una Dugdale]], a friend of the Pankhurst sisters; [[Emmeline Pankhurst]] had co-founded the [[Women's Franchise League]] in 1889.<ref name=History/> In 1909 Singh was a leading member of the movement for women's voting rights, funding suffragette groups and leading the cause. An example of her support to the [[Women's Social and Political Union]] was her loan of a [[Trap (carriage)|trap]] for the work of the Kingston and District branch.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 September 1912 |title=Kingston and District |pages=13 |work=Votes for Women}}</ref> She also contributed towards fundraising efforts, such as self-denial weeks, where supporters would deprive themselves of luxuries and give the money saved to their chosen organisation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 1913 |title=Kingston and District |pages=336 |work=The Suffragette}}</ref> She refused to pay taxes,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why did women receive the vote? - The fight for female suffrage - KS3 History - homework help for year 7, 8 and 9. |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zsjg3j6#zjkg3j6 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=BBC Bitesize |language=en-GB}}</ref> frustrating the government. King [[George V]] asked in exasperation, "Have we no hold on her?"<ref name=Anand/>

Although as a British subject Singh's primary interest was women's rights in England, she and her fellow suffragettes also promoted similar activities in the colonies. She valued her Indian heritage, but was not bound by allegiance to a single nation and supported the women's cause in a number of countries. Her title, Princess, was useful.{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=173}} Singh sold a suffragette newspaper outside Hampton Court Palace, where Queen Victoria had allowed her family to live.<ref name=DYKhook>[http://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item124196.html Suffragette Sophia Duleep Singh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318014243/http://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item124196.html |date=18 March 2019 }}, 1910, British Library, retrieved 13 February 2015</ref> According to a letter from [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|Lord Crewe]], George V was within his rights to have her evicted.<ref name=DYKhook/>

Singh, Emmeline Pankhurst and a group of activists went to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] on 18 November 1910, hoping for a meeting with the Prime Minister.<ref name=DYKhook/> The Home Secretary, [[Winston Churchill]], ordered their expulsion. Churchill's refusal to meet with the group, paired with the government's lack of response on the Conciliation Bill, resulted in a protest of around 300 women. Many of the women were seriously injured during this demonstration, with reports of police brutality. The incident became known as Black Friday.<ref name=History/>

At first, Singh kept a low profile; in 1911 she was reluctant to make speeches in public or at [[Women's Social and Political Union]] meetings. She refused to chair meetings, telling her WSPU colleagues she was "quite useless for that sort of thing" and would only say "five words if nobody else would support the forthcoming resolution". However, Singh later chaired and addressed a number of meetings.{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=171}} [[Mithan Jamshed Lam|Mithan Tata]] and her mother [[Herabai Tata|Herabai]] met Singh in India, in 1911, and noted that Singh wore a small yellow-and-green badge with her motto: "Votes for women".{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=175}}

The [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|National Archives]] documents Singh's refusal to take part in the [[1911 United Kingdom census|1911 census]]-being one of those boycotting it, The site describes Singh's tactics as "bold" and "innovative", reproduces her actual census form and her response "scrawled" on it "‘No vote, no census, as women do not count, they refuse to be counted.’"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20250613153110/https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/no-vote-no-census-the-1911-suffrage-census-protests/|title=‘No vote, no census’: The 1911 suffrage census protests|date=2 April 2020|access-date=28 November 2025|website=The Nationak Archives|last=Iglikowski-Broad|first=Vicky|url-status=live}}</ref>

Her name is also one of those listed in the [[1911 United Kingdom census boycotters|1911 Census boycotters]]

Singh authorised an auction of her belongings, with proceeds benefiting the [[Women's Tax Resistance League]]. She solicited subscriptions to the cause, and was photographed selling ''[[The Suffragette (newspaper)|The Suffragette]]'' newspaper outside her home and from press carts.{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=175}} On 22{{nbsp}}May 1911 Singh was fined £3 by the [[Borough of Spelthorne|Spelthorne]] Petty Sessions Court for illegally keeping a coach, a helper, and five dogs and for using a [[roll of arms]]. She protested that she should not have to pay the licence fees without the right to vote.<ref name="History" /> That July a bailiff went to Singh's house to collect an unpaid fine of 14 [[shilling]]s, which she refused to pay. Her diamond ring was then confiscated by the police and auctioned a few days later; a friend bought it and returned it to her.<ref name="History" /> In December 1913, Singh was fined £12/10s for refusing to pay licence fees for two dogs, a carriage and a servant.<ref name="NB1913">{{cite news |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/us/new-jersey/new-brunswick/new-brunswick-daily-times/1913/12-31/page-5?tag=sophia+singh&rtserp=tags/?ndt=by&py=1870&pey=1949&pf=sophia&pl=singh |via=[[Newspaperarchive.com]] |title=Princess Ignores Fine, Becomes ,'Suff' |newspaper= New Brunswick Daily Times |location=[[New Brunswick, New Jersey]] |date=31 December 1913 |page=5}} {{free access}}</ref>{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=171}} On 13{{nbsp}}December 1913 she and other WTRL members appeared in court and Singh was again accused of keeping dogs without a [[Dog licence|licence]]. Singh tried to fall in front of Prime Minister [[H. H. Asquith]]'s car while holding a poster reading, "Give women the vote!" She supported the manufacture of bombs, encouraging [[anarchy]] in Britain.<ref name="History" />{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=175}} Despite Singh's activism as a suffragette, she was never arrested; although her activities were watched by the administration, they may not have wanted to make a martyr of her.<ref name="Tonkin" />
[[File:Sophia Duleep Singh 1919.jpg|thumb|Singh as a nurse c. 1916]]
During [[World War I]], Singh initially supported the Indian soldiers and [[Lascar]]s working in the British fleets<ref name=Anand/> and joined a 10,000-woman protest march against the prohibition of a volunteer female force. She volunteered as a [[British Red Cross]] [[Voluntary Aid Detachment]] nurse, serving at an auxiliary military hospital in [[Isleworth]] from October 1915 to January 1917.<ref name="VAD">{{cite web |title=Princess Sophia Duleep Singh |url=https://vad.redcross.org.uk/Card?fname=sophia&sname=singh&id=190300&first=true |website=Vad.redcross.org.uk |publisher=Red Cross |access-date=22 February 2019}}</ref> She tended wounded Indian soldiers who had been evacuated from the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. Sikh soldiers could hardly believe "that the granddaughter of Ranjit Singh sat by their bedsides in a nurse's uniform".<ref name=Tonkin/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comicrelief.com/news/women-wednesdays-heres-why-sophia-duleep-singh-our-inspirational-figure-week/|title = Women Wednesdays: Here's why Sophia Duleep Singh is our inspirational figure of the week | Comic Relief}}</ref>

After the 1918 enactment of the [[Representation of the People Act, 1918|Representation of the People Act]], allowing women over age{{nbsp}}30 to vote, Singh joined [[the Suffragette Fellowship]] and remained a member until her death.<ref name=History/> Her arrangement of a [[flag day]] that year for Indian troops generated significant interest in England and [[New Delhi]].<ref name=Tonkin/> In September 1919 Singh hosted the Indian soldiers of the peace contingent at Faraday House.{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=173}} Five years later, she made her second visit to India with Bamba and Colonel Sutherland. Singh visited [[Kashmir]], [[Lahore]], [[Amritsar]], and [[Murree]], where they were mobbed by crowds who came to see their former [[maharaja]]'s daughters,<ref name=History/> and this visit boosted the cause of female suffrage in India. The badge she wore promoted women's suffrage in Britain and abroad.{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=175}}

==Achievements==
In 1928 royal assent was given to the [[Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928|Equal Franchise Act]] enabling women over age{{nbsp}}21 to vote on a par with men.<ref name=History/> In 1930, Sophia was president of the Committee tasked with providing flower decorations at the unveiling of the [[Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial]] in [[Victoria Tower Gardens]]. Despite some reports, Sophia was not the president of the Suffragette Fellowship, which was established in 1930, after the death of Emmeline Pankhurst. In the 1934 edition of ''[[Who's Who]]'', Singh described her life's purpose as "the advancement of women".<ref name=History/><ref name=Anand/> She espoused causes of equality and justice far removed from her royal background, and played a significant role at a crucial point in the history of England and India.{{Sfn|Ahmed|Mukherjee|2011|p=173}}

==Death==
Singh died in her sleep on 22 August 1948 in Rathenrae (now Folly Meadow), in [[Penn, Buckinghamshire]], a residence once owned by her sister Catherine, and was cremated on 26{{nbsp}}August 1948 at [[Golders Green Crematorium]].<ref name=History/> Before her death she had expressed the wish that she be cremated according to [[Sikh rites]] and her ashes spread in India,<ref name= Cohen>{{Cite web|last= Cohen |first= Deborah |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/book-review-sophia-by-anita-anand-1423258287|title= Royal and Revolutionary|date= 6 February 2015|access-date=1 July 2016|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=February 2019}} where they were scattered in the Punjab.<ref name=History/> Her will was proven in London on 8 November 1948, with her estate amounting to £58,040 0s. 11d. (roughly equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|58040|1948|r=0}}}} in {{Inflation-year|UK}}{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}}).<ref name="probate">{{cite web |url=https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk/ |title=Singh, Her Highness Princess Sophia Alexandrovna Duleep |author= |date=1948 |website=Probate Search Service |publisher=UK Government |access-date=9 May 2024 }}</ref>

Queen Victoria had given Singh an elaborately dressed doll named Little Sophie, which became her proud possession, and, near the end of her life, she gave the doll to Drovna, her housekeeper's daughter.<ref name=Tonkin/>

==Posthumous recognition==
Singh eventually received a place of honour in the suffragette movement alongside Emmeline Pankhurst. She inspired a next generation of activists within the United Kingdom such as [[Surat Alley]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Arup K. |title=Indians in London: from the birth of the East India Company to independent India |date=2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-93-89449-19-8 |edition=Export |location=New Delhi London Oxford New York Sydney}}</ref>

She was featured in the [[Royal Mail]]'s commemorative stamp set "Votes for Women", issued on 15 February 2018. She appeared on the £1.57 stamp, selling ''The Suffragette''.<ref name="royalmail">{{cite web|title=Votes for Women stamp set|url=http://shop.royalmail.com/votes-for-women/votes-for-women-stamp-set/invt/20178542|publisher=Royal Mail Shop|access-date=5 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="collect">{{cite web|title=Votes for Women|url=http://www.collectgbstamps.co.uk/explore/issues/?issue=22781|publisher=Collect GB Stamps|access-date=5 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="bains">{{cite news|last1=Bains|first1=Nikki Kaur|title=Suffragettes and rights for women: Princess Sophia Duleep Singh, the maharajah's daughter who joined the struggle|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/society/article/suffragettes-and-rights-for-women-princess-sophia-duleep-singh-the-maharajahs-daughter-who-joined-the-struggle-zr0kznxnj|access-date=5 February 2018|work=[[The Times]]|date=4 February 2018}}</ref>

Her name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the [[plinth]] of the [[statue of Millicent Fawcett]] in [[Parliament Square]], London, unveiled in April 2018.<ref name=gov>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/historic-statue-of-suffragist-leader-millicent-fawcett-unveiled-in-parliament-square|title=Historic statue of suffragist leader Millicent Fawcett unveiled in Parliament Square|publisher=Gov.uk|access-date=24 April 2018|date=24 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Topping|first=Alexandra|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/apr/24/first-statue-of-a-woman-in-parliament-square-millicent-fawcett|title=First statue of a woman in Parliament Square unveiled|work=The Guardian|date=24 April 2018|access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/inews-lifestyle/women/millicent-fawcett-statue-parliament-square-london-caroline-criado-perez/ |title=Millicent Fawcett statue unveiling: the women and men whose names will be on the plinth |publisher=iNews |date= 24 April 2018|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>

She was featured in the documentaries ''Sophia: Suffragette Princess'' (2015) and ''No Man Shall Protect Us: The Hidden History of the Suffragette Bodyguards'' (2018), portrayed in the latter production by actress Aila Peck.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://library.unt.edu/events/2020/03-03-fem-flicks/|title=Fem Flicks Film Series: No Man Shall Protect Us – University Libraries – UNT}}</ref> In 2022, [[Historic Royal Palaces]] commissioned Scary Little Girls theatre company to develop a play on Sophia Duleep Singh to tour London schools. The play, ''Fire: A Princess' Guide to Burning Issues'', subsequently toured schools in West Yorkshire in July 2023 and Birmingham in November 2023.{{cn|date=September 2023}}

In January 2023, [[English Heritage]] announced that a [[blue plaque]] would be unveiled later that year on a house in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]], near [[Hampton Court Palace]] which [[Queen Victoria]] granted to Singh and her sisters in 1896.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Blue Plaques |url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/about-us/search-news/2023-blue-plaques/ |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=English Heritage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Pramod |date=29 January 2023 |title=Sophia Duleep Singh to get Blue Plaque |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/sophia-duleep-singh-to-get-blue-plaque/ |access-date=19 March 2026 |work=Eastern Eye}}</ref> The plaque was unveiled at a ceremony on 26 May 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khanna |first1=Aditi |title=Princess Sophia Duleep Singh's UK home gets commemorative Blue Plaque |url=https://theprint.in/world/princess-sophia-duleep-singhs-uk-home-gets-commemorative-blue-plaque/1596419/ |access-date=26 May 2023 |work=ThePrint |date=26 May 2023}}</ref> In 2023 it was announced that English actress [[Paige Sandhu]] would portray Singh in a biographical film titled ''Lioness''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anderton |first1=Joe |title=Former Emmerdale star Paige Sandhu announces new role after Meena exit |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/emmerdale/a43980461/emmerdale-paige-sandhu-lioness-movie/ |access-date=26 September 2023 |work=[[Digital Spy]] |date=23 May 2023}}</ref>

An exhibition ''The Last Princesses of Punjab'' will run at [[Kensington Palace]] from 26 March - 8 November 2026, showcasing objects illustrating Singh's life alongside her sisters, mother, grandmother and godmother.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Last Princesses of Punjab |url=https://www.hrp.org.uk/kensington-palace/whats-on/the-last-princesses-of-punjab/ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Historic Royal Palaces |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Pramod |date=11 March 2026 |title=Kensington Palace to honour Indian princesses who defied the Nazis |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/kensington-palace-honours-indian-princesses-defied-nazis/ |access-date=19 March 2026 |work=Eastern Eye}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Pramod |date=19 March 2026 |title=London exhibit tells story of Punjab’s last princesses |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/london-exhibit-punjab-last-princesses-story/ |access-date=19 March 2026 |work=Eastern Eye}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of suffragists and suffragettes]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last1= Ahmed |first1=Rehana |last2= Mukherjee |first2=Sumita |title=South Asian Resistances in Britain, 1858–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKhKb_6iqoUC&pg=PT171|date=22 December 2011|publisher=A & C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-5514-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Anand |first=Anita |author-link=Anita Anand (journalist) |title=Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary |url=http://anitaanand.net/book-stuff/ |year=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |isbn=9781408835456}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sophia Duleep Singh}}
* Rozina Visram, "Duleep Singh, Princess Sophia Alexandra (1876–1948)", ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]], September 2004
* https://www.hrp.org.uk/hampton-court-palace/history-and-stories/sophia-duleep-singh/

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Sophia Duleep}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:British socialites]]
[[Category:English people of German descent]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English suffragettes]]
[[Category:English tax resisters]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Indian people of German descent]]
[[Category:People from Elveden]]
[[Category:Indian suffragists]]
[[Category:Indian people of Ethiopian descent]]
[[Category:Voluntary Aid Detachment nurses]]
[[Category:20th-century British nurses]]

Agastyamalai Hills

2026-04-21T23:43:12Z

Alihaiderhussain: redirect

#redirect [[Agastya Mala]]

Harssh A. Singh

2026-04-20T12:58:07Z

Alihaiderhussain: added a biography...

{{Short description|Indian actor and singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Harssh Singh
| native_name = {{Punjabi|ਹਰਸ਼ ਸਿੰਘ}}
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], Punjab
| occupation = [[Radio jockey]] Actor director [[Voice over artist]] Singer
| years_active = 2012–present
}}
'''Harssh Singh''', also known as '''Harssh A. Singh''' is an Indian actor, singer, theatre personality and voice over artist. He was a Radio Jockey with Radio Mirchi (Mumbai), 98.3 fm, and was the winner of their first ever "RJ Hunt".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/harssh-a-singh-is-worried-about-maintaining-social-distancing-in-mumbai-post-lockdown-89196|title=Harssh A Singh is worried about maintaining social distancing in Mumbai post lockdown|access-date=May 24, 2020}}</ref> He is known for his performance in ''[[Thappad]]'' (2020), ''[[Kabir Singh]]'' (2019), ''[[Raman Raghav 2.0]]'' (2016) and in the [[Amazon Prime Video]] original series ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' (2020) Directed by [[Anand Tiwari]].

In April 2021, he joined the cast of [[Sony Entertainment Television]] show ''Kyun Utthe Dil Chhod Aaye'' (2021).

== Early life and career==
Harssh was born on 23 September 1970, in [[Ludhiana]], Punjab. He finished his schooling at the Sacred Heart Convent. He moved to Mumbai to be an actor and a singer, and during a chance audition bagged the post of Radio Jockey on Radio Mirchi.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/harssh-a-singh-i-suffered-from-depression-for-four-years/articleshow/76139836.cms]</ref>

He pursued theatre alongside, and has worked with personalities such as [[Alyque Padamsee]], Jehan Manekshaw, [[Quasar Padamsee]] and Vikram Kapadia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bollyy.com/there-is-no-money-in-theatre-in-india-says-harssh-a-singh/ | title=There is No Money in Theatre in India, Says Harssh a Singh | date=17 June 2020 }}</ref>

He has worked in several films, including ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'' with [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], ''[[Brothers (2015 film)|Brothers]]'' with [[Karan Malhotra]] and ''[[Raman Raghav 2.0]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/7-nerve-wracking-thriller-movies-and-shows-on-zee5/ | title=7 nerve-wracking thriller movies and shows on ZEE5 that are sure to make you queasy }}</ref> with [[Anurag Kashyap]], as well as ''[[Kabir Singh]]'' with [[Sandeep Vanga]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/bajrangi-bhaijaan-fame-harssh-singh-lsd-films-next-zee-tv/2020/10/03/amp | title=Bajrangi Bhaijaan fame Harssh Singh in LSD Films' next for Zee TV | date=3 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/movie/movie-news/harssh-singh-acting-social-activity-200522?amp | title=Harssh a Singh: Acting is a social activity }}</ref><ref>https://www.bhaskarlive.in/harssh-a-singh-acting-is-a-social-activity/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{|class="wikitable"
|+
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
|-
| 2014
| ''The Persian'' (short)
| Inspector Malhotra
|-
| 2015
| ''Parchhai'' (short)
| Abhishek
|-
|rowspan="2"|2015
|''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]''
|Shamsher Ali
|-
|''[[Brothers (2015 film)|Brothers]]''
|Santosh Desai
|-
| 2016
| ''Adhuri Dhun'' (short)
| Colonel Maria
|-
|rowspan="2"|2016
|''[[Raman Raghav 2.0]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/7-vicky-kaushal-movies-on-amazon-prime-video-netflix-zee5-to-watch-right-now/ | title=7 Vicky Kaushal movies on Amazon Prime Video, Netflix and ZEE5 to watch right now }}</ref>
|Sub Inspector
|-
|''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]''
|News hour Host
|-
|rowspan="2"|2017
|''The Good Girl'' (short)
|Aman
|-
|''Tu Hai Mera Sunday''
|Shiamak Irani
|-
|rowspan="1"|2018
|''Ibadat'' (short)
|Taj
|-
|rowspan="1"|2019
|''[[Kabir Singh]]''
|Kabir's lawyer
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|''[[Thappad]]''
|Rajhans (Vikram's boss)
|-
| 2020
|''My Sun Sets To Rise Again'' (short)
| Rajan
|-
|2021
|''[[State of Siege: Temple Attack]]''
|Harilal
|-
|2023
|''[[Pippa (film)|Pippa]]''
|Harsh Singh
|-
|2024
|''[[The Mehta Boys]]''
|Sam Makhija
|-
|2024
|''[[Jigra]]''
|Jaswant
|-
|2024
|''[[Chandu Champion]]''
|Brigadier Roy
|}

===As director===
* ''Grand Plan'' (2017) – Short Film

===Television===
* ''[[Sense8]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Bose: Dead/Alive|Bose: Dead or Alive]]'' (2017) as Ram Murthi
* ''[[Romil & Jugal]]'' (2017) as Jindal Kohli
* ''[[Ragini MMS: Returns]]'' (2017) as Principal Rajat Kapoor
* ''Bhak'' (2019) as Ramesh Nair
* ''[[Mission Over Mars]]'' (2019) as Ananth Vardhan
* ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' (2020) as Suryasen
* ''[[Kyun Utthe Dil Chhod Aaye]]'' as Vijendra Pratapsingh (2021)
* ''[[Project 9191]]'' (2021) as SK Raina
* ''[[Mumbai Diaries 26/11|Mumbai Diaries]]'' (2021) as Dr Farukh Romani
* ''[[Special Ops 1.5: The Himmat Story]]'' (2021) as Mahendra Chautala
* ''[[Family Dinner – Volume 1|Family Dinner]]'' (2021) as Mr. Bhullar
* ''[[Illegal - Justice, Out of Order]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Bharat Nagar Diaries]]'' (2021-22) as Head Constable
* ''[[Guilty Minds]]'' (2022) as Shameen
* ''[[Avrodh: The Siege Within 2]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Sultan of Delhi (TV series)|Sultan of Delhi]]'' (2023) as Sanjana's father
* ''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys Season 2 (2023)]] as Morarji Desai''
* ''[[Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega]]'' (2023) as Dr Satish
* ''Hack'' (2023) as DRDO Chief
* [[Freedom at Midnight (TV series)|''Freedom At Midnight'']] (2024) as Khizar

===Theatre ===
* ''QTPs Project S.T.R.I.P'' (2012) as Captain Roy
* ''Jesus Christ Superstar ''(2015) as King Herod
* ''Gandhi'' (2016) – The Musical as Harilal

==Discography==
* ''Never Be Friends'' (2020) – Single

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Result
|-
| 2013 || Bharat Ratna Dr Ambedkar Award<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/rj-harssh-singh-bags-bharat-ratna-dr-ambedkar-award-best-rj|title=RJ Harssh Singh bags Bharat Ratna Dr Ambedkar award for 'Best RJ'|access-date=2016-06-26}}</ref> || Best Rj || {{win}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|6582235|Harssh A. Singh}}
* {{Instagram|itsharssh}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Harssh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian radio presenters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Super Dancer

2026-04-14T15:04:12Z

Alihaiderhussain: Put Up New Post

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language kids dance reality television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Super_Dancer.png
| caption =
| genre = [[Dance]] [[Drama]] [[Comedy]]
| creator = Florina Golwalkar Ranjeet Thakur Ujjwal Anand Arvind Rao
| presenter = Paritosh Tripathi (S1-Present) [[Rithvik Dhanjani]] (S1-4) [[Jay Bhanushali]] (S2)
| judges = [[Shilpa Shetty Kundra]] (S1-Present) [[Geeta Kapoor]] (S1-Present) [[Anurag Basu]] (S1-4) [[Marzi Pestonji]] (S5)
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 5
| num_episodes = 189
| producer = Gautam Mrinal Ranjeet Thakur ll
| location =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime =
| company = [[Frames Production]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2016|9|10|df=y}}
| channel = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
}}
'''''Super Dancer''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language kids [[dance]] [[reality television]] series, which airs on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]. The show is produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell for their production house [[Frames Production]].

==Concept==
The show aims to find a child with the potential to be the future of dance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://superdancer.sonyliv.com/about|title=Super Dancer Official Site|last=|first=|date=|website=superdancer.sonyliv.com|publisher=|access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref>

After the initial auditions and mega auditions, 12 contestants are selected to be competing for the title of Dance Ka Kal (future of dance). They are each paired with one choreographer who train, choreograph acts and also perform with their contestant. The dancers perform on Saturdays and along with their choreographers on Sunday. The performances are voted by the audience every week on the website or the SonyLiv App. On the basis of the number of votes, one kid is being eliminated every week.

==Judges & Hosts==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Judge
!'''Chapter 1'''
!'''Chapter 2'''
!'''Chapter 3'''
!'''Chapter 4'''
!'''Chapter 5'''
|-
![[Anurag Basu]]
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{No|'''-'''}}
|-
![[Geeta Kapoor]]
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|-
![[Shilpa Shetty Kundra]]
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|-
![[Marzi Pestonji]]
|{{No|'''-'''}}
|{{No|'''-'''}}
|{{No|'''-'''}}
|{{No|'''-'''}}
|{{Yes|'''Judge'''}}
|-
!Paritosh Tripathi
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
|-
![[Rithvik Dhanjani]]
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{No|'''-'''}}
|-
![[Jay Bhanushali]]
| {{No|'''-'''}}
| {{Yes2|'''Host'''}}
| {{No|'''-'''}}
| {{No|'''-'''}}
| {{No|'''-'''}}
|}

==Series details==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:100%; line-height:22px;"
|-
! style="width: 5%;" rowspan="2" |Chapter
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" rowspan="2" |Hosts
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" |Judges
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Episodes
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | Originally aired
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Contestants
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Winner
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Winner's Hometown
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Winner's Choreographer
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Runner-up
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Runner-up's Choreographer
|-
! style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Day First aired}}
! style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Last aired}}
! style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Network}}
|-
| [[Super Dancer (Season 1)|1]]
| rowspan="5"| Paritosh Tripathi
| rowspan="4"| [[Rithvik Dhanjani]]
|
| rowspan="6"| [[Shilpa Shetty]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Anurag Basu]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Geeta Kapur (choreographer)|Geeta Kapur]]
| 29
| 10 September 2016
| 17 December 2016
|rowspan="5" style="width: 5%;" | [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment Television]] [[Sony Entertainment Television Asia]]
| 12
|style="background:#4CFC40;" |[[Ditya Bhande]]
|[[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
|Ruel Dausan Varindani
| style ="background:#7FFFD4;"|Yogesh Sharma
|Vaibhav Ghuge
|-
| [[Super Dancer (Season 2)|2]]
| [[Jay Bhanushali]]
| 51
| 30 September 2017
| 24 March 2018
| 14
|style="background:#4CFC40;" |Bishal Sharma
|[[Jorhat]], [[Assam]]
|Vaibhav Ghuge
| style ="background:#7FFFD4;"|Vaishnavi Prajapati
|Manan Sachdeva
|-
| [[Super Dancer (Season 3)|3]]
| rowspan="3" |
| 52
| 29 December 2018
| 23 June 2019
| 16
|style="background:#4CFC40;" |Rupsa Batabyal
|[[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
|Nishant Bhat
| style ="background:#7FFFD4;"|Tejas Varma
|Tushar Shetty
|-
| [[Super Dancer (Season 4)|4]]
| 57
| 30 January 2021
| 8 October 2021
| 13
|style="background:#4CFC40;"|Florina Gogoi
|[[Jorhat]], [[Assam]]
|| Tushar Shetty
|style ="background:#7FFFD4;"|Prithviraj Kongari
|Subhranil Paul
|-
|[[Super Dancer (Season 5)|5]]
|
|[[Marzi Pestonji]]
| 26
| 19 July 2025
| 12 October 2025
| 13
|style="background:#4CFC40;"|Sukriti paul & Adhyashree Upadhyay (joint winners)
|[[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]] & [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]]
|| Anuradha Iyenger,
& Pratiksha Sutar
|style="background:#7FFFD4;"|Aditi Jadhav
|Saumya Kamble and Vartika Jha
|}

==Contestants==

List of participants of all seasons
;Contestant info
'''Position color key'''
 
{{Color box|#4CFC40|border=darkgray}} Winner(s) 
{{Color box|#D1E8EF|border=darkgray}} 1st Runner-up 
{{Color box|#7FFFD4|border=darkgray}} 2nd Runner-up 
{{Color box|#DDA0DD|border=darkgray}} 3rd Runner-up 
{{Color box|#FF69B4|border=darkgray}} 4th Runner-up 
{{Color box|#fcf|border=darkgray}} Quit 
{{Color box|salmon|border=darkgray}} Eliminated

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:100%; line-height:15px;"
|-
! rowspan="1" style="width: 10%;" |
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | [[Super Dancer (Season 1)|Chapter 1]]
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | [[Super Dancer (Season 2)|Chapter 2]]
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | {{nowrap|[[Super Dancer (Season 3)|Chapter 3]]}}
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | {{nowrap|[[Super Dancer (Season 4)|Chapter 4]]}}
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | {{nowrap|[[Super Dancer (Season 5)|Chapter 5]]}}
|-
! rowspan="17" style="width: 10%;" | Participants
|-
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Ditya Bhande
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Bishal Sharma
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Rupsa Batabyal
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Florina Gogoi
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Sukriti Paul and Aadyayasree Upadhyay
|-
| style="background:#D1E8EF;|Yogesh Sharma
| style="background:#D1E8EF;|Vaishnavi Prajapati
| style="background:#D1E8EF;|Tejas Varma
| style="background:#D1E8EF;|Pruthviraj Kongari
| style="background:#D1E8EF;|Aditi Jadhav
|-
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Deepali Borkar
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Akash Thapa
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Saksham Sharma
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Sanchit Chanana
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Apsara Boro
|-
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Masoom Narzary
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Ritik Diwakar
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Jayshree Gogoi
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Neerja Tiwari
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Somansh Dangwal
|-
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Laxman Kumbhar
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Shagun Singh
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Gourav Sarwan
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Esha Mishra
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Namish Gohil
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Siddhant Damedhar
|style="background:salmon;" |Akash Mitra
|style="background:salmon;" |Akshit Bhandari
|style="background:salmon;" |Anshika Rajput
|style="background:salmon;" |Tracy Chakma
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Ashish Das
|style="background:salmon;" |Muskan Sharma
|style="background:salmon;" |Dhairya Tandon
|style="background:salmon;" |Soumit Barman
|style="background:salmon;" |Anish Goel
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Ananya Choksi
|style="background:salmon;" |Adrija Sinha
|style="background:salmon;" |Prerna Vijay Salvi
|style="background:salmon;" |Pari Tamang
|style="background:salmon;" |Binita Chetri
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Varsha Mishra
|style="background:salmon;" |Arushi Saxena
|style="background:salmon;" |Anwesha Bhatia
|style="background:salmon;" |Arshiya Sharma
|style="background:salmon;" |Shanky Gupta
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Harsh Prajapati
|style="background:salmon;" |Vivek Jogdande
|style="background:salmon;" |Naitik Singhal
|style="background:salmon;" |Pratiti Das
|style="background:salmon;" |Kavya Singh
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Lakshay Sinha
|style="background:salmon;" |Jyoti Ranjan Sahu
|style="background:#fcf;" |Jay Chauhan
|style="background:salmon;" |Aneesh Tattikotta
|style="background:#fcf;" |Barkat Arora
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Mahi Soni
|style="background:salmon;" |Abir Rahman
|style="background:salmon;" |Avastha Thapa
|style="background:salmon;" |Amit Kumar
|style="background:#fcf;" |Tokjir Doley
|-
|{{N/A| }}
|style="background:salmon;" |Kunal Jyoti Rabha
|style="background:salmon;" |Ridesh Bashyal
|style="background:#fcf;" |Spriha Rishi Kashyap
|-
|{{N/A| }}
|style="background:salmon;" |Chandresh Delaware
|style="background:salmon;" |Pritam Malik
|{{N/A| }}
|
|-
|{{N/A| }}
|{{N/A|}}
|style="background:salmon;" |Devika Nair
|{{N/A| }}
|
|-
|{{N/A|}}
| {{N/A|}}
|style="background:salmon;" |Nikhil Baghel
|{{N/A| }}
|
|}

==Super gurus==

List of gurus of all seasons
;Choreographer Calendar
'''Position color key'''
 
{{Color box|#4CFC40|border=darkgray}} Winner 
{{Color box|#D1E8EF|border=darkgray}} 1st Runner-up 
{{Color box|#7FFFD4|border=darkgray}} 2nd Runner-up 
{{Color box|#DDA0DD|border=darkgray}} 3rd Runner-up 
{{Color box|#FF69B4|border=darkgray}} 4th Runner-up 
{{Color box|#fcf|border=darkgray}} Quit 
{{Color box|salmon|border=darkgray}} Eliminated

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:100%; line-height:15px;"
|-
! rowspan="1" style="width: 10%;" |
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | [[Super Dancer (Season 1)|Chapter 1]]
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | [[Super Dancer (Season 2)|Chapter 2]]
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | {{nowrap|[[Super Dancer (Season 3)|Chapter 3]]}}
! colspan="1" style="width: 10%;" | {{nowrap|[[Super Dancer (Season 4)|Chapter 4]]}}
!colspan="1" styl3=width:10%;" | {{nowrap|[[Super Dancer (Season 5)|Chapter 5]]}}
|-
! rowspan="18" style="width: 10%;" | Super gurus
|-
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Ruel Dausan with Ditya Bhande
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Vaibhav Ghuge with Bishal Sharma
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Nishant Bhat with Rupsa Batabyal
| style="background:#4CFC40;|Tushar Shetty with Florina Gogoi
|style="background:#4CFC40; |Anuradha Iyenger with Sukriti Paul
|-
| style="background:#D1E8EF;|Vaibhav Ghuge with Yogesh Sharma
|style="background:#D1E8EF;|Manan Sachdeva with Vaishnawi prajapati
| style="background:#D1E8EF;|Tushar Shetty with Tejas Varma
| style="background:#D1E8EF;|Subhranil Paul with Pruthviraj Kongari
|style="background:#4CFC40; |Pratiksha Sutar with Adhyashree Upadhyay
|-
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Sonali kar with Deepali Borkar
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Vivek Chachere with Akash Thapa
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Vaibhav Ghuge with Saksham Sharma
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Vartika Jha with Sanchit Chanana
|bgcolor=#D1E8EF|Pankaj Thapa with Apsara Boro
|-
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Palden Lama with Masoom Narzary
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Pratik utekar with Ritik Diwakar
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Anuradha Iyengar with Jayshree Gogoi
|bgcolor=#DDA0DD|Bhawna Khanduja with Neerja Tiwari
|bgcolor=#7FFFD4|Saumya Kamble and Vartika Jha with Aditi Jadhav
|-
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Paul Marshal with Laxman Kumbhar
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Aishwarya Radhakrishnan with Shagun Singh
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Amardeep Singh Natt with Gourav Sarwan
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Sonali kar with Esha Mishra
|style="background:#DDA0DD;" |Vaibhav Ghuge with Somansh Dangwal
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Shyam yadav with Siddhant Damedhar
|style="background:salmon;" |Rishikyesh Jogadaand with Akash Mitra
|style="background:salmon;" |Vivek Chachere with Akshit Bhandari
|style="background:salmon;" |Aryan Patra with Anshika Rajput
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |Subhranil Paul with Namish Gohil
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Lipsa Acharya with Ashish Das
|style="background:salmon;" |Paul marshal with Muskan Sharma
|style="background:salmon;" |Kumar Sharma with Dhairya Tandon
|style="background:salmon;" |Vaibhav Ghuge with Soumit Barman
|style="background:salmon;" |Raktim Thakuria, Nepo, And Akash Thapa with Tracy Chakma
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Amrita Maitra with Ananya Choksi
|style="background:salmon;" |Omkar Shinde and Palden Lama with Adrija Sinha
|style="background:salmon;" |Bharat with Prerna Vijay Salvi
|style="background:salmon;" |Pankaj thapa with Pari Tamang
|style="background:salmon;" |Rupesh Soni with Anish Goel
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Nishant Bhat with Varsha Mishra
|style="background:salmon;" |Nishant bhat with Arushi Saxena
|style="background:salmon;" |Anil with Anwesha Bhatia
|style="background:salmon;" |Anuradha Iyengar with Arshiya Sharma
|style="background:salmon;" |Paramdeep Singh with Binita Chetry
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Anuja with Harsh Prajapati
|style="background:salmon;" |Ruel Dausan with Vivek Jogdande
|style="background:salmon;" |Pramoth with Naitik Singhal
|style="background:salmon;" |Sweta warrior with Pratiti Das
|style="background:#fcf;" |Pratik Utekar with Barkat Arora
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Biki Das with Lakshay Sinha
|style="background:salmon;" |Anuradha Iyengar with Jyoti Ranjan Sahu
|style="background:#fcf;" |Sanam Johar with Jay Chauhan
|style="background:salmon;" |Akash Shetty with Aneesh Tattikotta
|style="background:salmon;" |Vipul with Shanky Gupta
|-
|style="background:salmon;" |Sneha kapoor with Mahi Soni
|style="background:salmon;" |Sonali kar with Abir Rahman
|style="background:salmon;" |Aryan Patra with Avastha Thapa
|style="background:salmon;" |Amardeep Singh Natt with Amit Kumar
|style="background:salmon;" |Vartika Jha and Vaishnavi Patil with Kavya Singh
|-
|
|style="background:salmon;" |Palden Lama with Kunal Jyoti Rabha
|style="background:salmon;" |Shivani Patel with Ridesh Bashyal
|style="background:#fcf;" |Sanam Johar with Spriha Rishi Kashyap
|style="background:#fcf;" | Akash Thapa with Tokjir Doley
|-
|
|style="background:salmon;" |Khushboo with Chandresh Delaware
|style="background:salmon;" |Pratik Utekar with Pritam Malik
|
|
|-
|
|
|style="background:salmon;" |Aishwarya Radhakrishnan with Devika Nair
|
|
|-
|
|
|style="background:salmon;" |Shyam Yadav with Nikhil Baghel
|
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]

D Block Ward

2026-04-11T06:48:41Z

Alihaiderhussain: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = D Block Ward
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]] under [[Kohima]]
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.673194|N|94.108962|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of urban centres in Nagaland|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kohima]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| footnotes =
}}

'''D Block Ward''' is a ward located under [[Nagaland]]'s capital city, [[Kohima]]. The ward falls under the designated Ward No. 6 of the [[Kohima Municipal Council]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|title=Map of Kohima/ wards and colonies|publisher=[[Kohima Municipal Council]]|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728210828/https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
'''Educational Institutions in D Block Ward:'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://study4sure.com/institutes/schools/nagaland/kohima/school.php?place=Ward%206%20-%20D%20Block%20Ward|title=Schools in Ward 6|date=10 May 2018|website=Study 4 Sure|access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>
Colony Chairman is
Thenusou Sekhose of D Block elected as the Deputy Chairperson of of the Kohima Municipal Council (KMC)

=== Schools ===
* Assam Rifles Public School
* D Block Government Primary School
* East View Home School
* Savio Kindergarten School

=== Colleges ===
* Ura College of Teachers' Education

==See also==
* [[Municipal Wards of Kohima]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map6.html Map of Kohima Ward No. 6]

[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:Wards of Kohima]]

Love and Shukla

2026-03-30T03:47:42Z

Alihaiderhussain:

{{Infobox film
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Jatla Siddartha]]
| writer = Amanda Mooney Jatla Siddartha
| based_on =
| producer = Amanda Mooney Jatla Siddartha
| starring = {{Plainlist|
Sahaarsh Shuklaa 
Taneea Rajawat
}}
| cinematography = [[Jatla Siddartha]]
| editing = Srijan Chaurasia Amanda Mooney Jatla Siddartha
| music = Karl Heortweard
| studio =
| distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{Film date|2017}}
| runtime = 107 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Love and Shukla''''' is a 2017 [[Hindi]]-language drama film directed [[Jatla Siddartha]] and produced by Amanda Mooney and Jatla Siddartha starrng Sahaarsh Shuklaa and Taneea Rajawat as lead prime rule.<ref>{{cite web |title=Love and Shukla |url=https://www.psfilmfest.org/2018-ps-film-festival/film-archive/love-and-shukla |website=[[Palm Springs International Film Festival]] |access-date=15 March 2026}}</ref>

The movie was screened at [[Busan International Film Festival]] and [[Palm Springs International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nathan |first1=Archana |title=In ‘Love and Shukla’, a search for a bed of one’s own in space-starved Mumbai |url=https://scroll.in/reel/864545/in-love-and-shukla-a-search-for-a-bed-of-ones-own-in-space-starved-mumbai |access-date=16 March 2026 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=13 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Sahaarsh Shuklaa as Manu Shukla
* Taneea Rajawat as Lakshmi
* Hima Singh as Rupa
* Aparna Upadhyay as Manu's mother
* Loknath Tiwari as Manu's father
* [[Sambhaji Sasane]] as Rupa's husband

== Critical Reception ==
Wendy Ide for ''[[Screen International|Screen Daily]]'' reviewed the movie and stated "Shukla’s mother is overbearing to the point of cliché."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ide |first1=Wendy |title='Love and Shukla': Busan Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/love-and-shukla-busan-review/5122841.article |access-date=16 March 2026 |work=[[Screen International|Screen Daily]] |date=12 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

Suktara Ghosh for ''[[The Quint]]'' rated the movie 3.5/5 stars, praised Saharsh Kumar Shukla's performance and wrote "He might be little educated and lack “heroic” qualities, but he has his heart in the right place."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Suktara |title=No Place for Love (Or a Good Man) in Netflix’s ‘Love and Shukla’ |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/love-and-shukla-netflix-film-review |access-date=16 March 2026 |work=[[The Quint]] |date=12 September 2018 |language=en}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

== Award ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Award !! Year !! Result !! Note
|-
| [[Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema|NETPAC Award]] || 2017 || {{Won}} || <ref>{{cite web |title=Love and Shukla |website=Network for the Promotion of Asia Pacific Cinema |url=https://netpacasia.org/item789-Love-and-Shukla |access-date=3 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227233412/https://netpacasia.org/item789-Love-and-Shukla|archive-date=27 December 2024}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=7647198}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|love_and_shukla}}

[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2017 drama films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]

Mandavya Narayana Swamy Temple

2026-03-25T21:47:01Z

Alihaiderhussain: put up a place

{{short description|Hindu temple in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sri Mandavya Narayana Swamy Temple
| script =
| image = Mandavya Narayana swamy temple near Samalkot.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Sri Mandavya Narayana Swamy Temple
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
| map_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|17.0531|N|82.1695|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kakinada district]]
| locale = [[Samarlakota]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Vishnu]] ([[Narayana]])
| festivals = Chaitra Sudha Ekadasi, [[Dhanurmasa]], [[Shravana (month)|Sravana]], [[Kārtika (month)|Karthika]]
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Prakrit]]
| established =
| temple_board =
| website =
|native_name=శ్రీ మాండవ్య నారాయణస్వామి ఆలయం}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Sri Mandavya Narayana Swamy Temple''' is a historic [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temple dedicated to [[Vishnu]] located in [[Samarlakota]] of [[Kakinada district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0R1XAAAAMAAJ&q=Mandavya+Narayana |title=Andhra Pradesh |date=1970 |publisher=Director of Information and Public Relations, Andhra Pradesh |volume=15 |page=34 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkIvDwUCQeUC&q=Mandavya |title=Census of India, 1971: Andhra Pradesh |date=1976 |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |series=Part 2, Issue 2 |volume=6 |pages=352 |language=en}}</ref> It is situated near the [[Pancharama Kshetras|Pancharama Kshetra]] of [[Kumararama]] in the Chalukya Bhimavaram suburb of Samarlakota.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mtvwMci-TYYC&q=Mandavya+Narayana |title=Itihas |date=1997 |publisher=Director of State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh. |volume=23 |pages=154 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vasini |first=A. Kamala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwHWAAAAMAAJ&q=Mandavya+Narayana |title=Iconography of Śiva: With Special Reference to Select Temples in Northern Andhra |date=1992 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7018-651-9 |page=24 |language=en}}</ref> Known for its spiritual and historical significance, the temple attracts numerous devotees, particularly during festivals and rituals.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=F. R. Hemingway |url=https://archive.org/details/godavaridistrict01frhe/page/206/mode/2up |title=Godavari District Gazetteer |year=1915 |isbn=978-81-206-1462-8 |volume=1 |pages=207–208|publisher=Asian Educational Services }}</ref>

The exact dating of the temple is a subject of scholarly debate, with some attributing its sculptures to the early [[Eastern Chalukya Empire|Eastern Chalukyan]] period (7th century),<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=C. Sivaramamurti |url=https://archive.org/details/EarlyEasternChalukyaSculpture/page/n49/mode/2up |title=Early Eastern Chalukya Sculpture |date=1957 |publisher=Madras Government Museum |pages=37–39}}</ref> while others place its construction in the 11th or early 12th century.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=B. Rajendra Prasad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgXqAAAAMAAJ&q=seems+to+belong+to |title=Art of South India, Andhra Pradesh |date=1980 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |page=191 |language=en |quote=The Mandavya Narayana temple at Samarlakota also belongs to 11th century A.D. and has undergone reconstruction.}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=B. Sowjanya |year=2016 |title=Recent Trends In Historical & Cultural Studies |url=https://www.svrkgdc.ac.in/uploads/ssr/recent%20Dr.%20B.%20Sowjanya%20SVRK%20GDC%20NDD.pdf |publisher=[[Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University]], Srisailam |page=175}}</ref>

== History ==
Together with the nearby [[Kumararama|Kumararama Chalukya Bhimeswara Temple]], the Mandavya Narayana Swamy Temple features several ancient inscriptions and reflects the cultural and architectural heritage of Chalukya Bhimavaram during the medieval period.<ref name=":0" /> However, the exact dating of the temple remains a subject of scholarly debate.

C. Sivaramamurti, in ''Early Eastern Chalukya Sculpture'' (1957), suggested that the name "Mandavya" might be a corruption of "Manavya," a [[gotra]] associated with the [[Eastern Chalukya Empire|Eastern Chalukyas]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=C. Sivaramamurti |url=https://archive.org/details/EarlyEasternChalukyaSculpture/page/n45/mode/2up?q=mandavya+narayana |title=Early Eastern Chalukya Sculpture |date=1957 |publisher=Madras Government Museum |pages=34}}</ref> He noted that the Vishnu temple once adorned with these carvings no longer exists. However, he attributed the sculptures to the early Eastern Chalukya period, likely during the reign of [[Kubja Vishnuvardhana]]'s early successors. Some of the works reflect a blend of stylistic influences from the [[Rashtrakutas]] and [[Western Chalukya Empire|Western Chalukyas]].<ref name=":32" />

While some scholars, such as B. Rajendra Prasad of [[Acharya Nagarjuna University]], attribute the temple to the 11th century,<ref name=":2" /> an inscription dated 1115 CE provides a more precise timeline. This inscription credits a merchant named Mandavya with constructing the temple and donating 20 buffaloes to maintain a perpetual lamp. In recognition of this contribution, the temple was named after Mandavya.<ref name=":1" />

Further inscriptions highlight the temple's importance over the centuries. A 1177 CE inscription records a land donation by Mallapa Deva for the temple's upkeep, while another inscription from 1272 CE mentions the construction of a pillar in the Thiruchuttu Maliga by Malli Reddy.<ref name=":1" /> Additionally, a [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper-plate grant]] from Katama Vema Reddi of the [[Reddi Kingdom|Reddi dynasty]], dated 1393 CE, adds to the temple's historical record.<ref name=":0" />

== Legend ==
Sri Mandavya Narayana Swamy Temple is situated on the banks of the sacred Tulyabhaga River, one of the tributaries of the [[Godavari River|Godavari]]. According to legend, the temple was established by the sage [[Mandavya]] during the [[Treta Yuga]] as part of his penance in the [[Dandakaranya]] region. The deity, [[Narayana|Lord Narayana]], is said to derive his name from this sage.

== Architecture ==
[[File:Relief of Lord Yoga Narasimha at Mandavya Narayana swamy temple.jpg|left|thumb|211x211px|Relief of Yoga Narasimha at the temple]]
As per C. Sivaramamurti , the Mandavya Narayana temple showcases intricate carvings and sculptures that reflect the craftsmanship of ancient Eastern Chalukya artisans.<ref name=":32" /> Although the original structure has been replaced by a modern temple, fragments of early medieval Chalukyan art are preserved in the outer walls and garden. Sivaramamurti noted stylistic influences from the [[Rashtrakutas]] and [[Western Chalukya Empire|Western Chalukyas]] in the sculptures, particularly in the intricate jewelry and figure compositions.<ref name=":32" />

The temple features depictions of [[Hayagriva]], Sesha Sai, Ananta Padmanabha, and Yoga Narasimha, highlighting its artistic and spiritual significance. The central sanctum houses the main deity, [[Narayana|Lord Narayana]], while an adjoining shrine is dedicated to Goddess [[Lakshmi|Mahalakshmi]], referred to locally as Veeralakshmi due to her independent consecration. The temple's walls and pillars are adorned with carvings of Garuda, Mahasiva, and various mythological figures, along with scenes from the ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', and [[Bhagavata Purana|''Bhagavata'']]. Notable sculptures include [[Ravana]] in a warrior pose, [[Rama]] and [[Lakshmana]] resting under a tree with [[Hanuman|Anjaneya]], and [[Krishna]] mesmerizing cattle and cowherds with his flute.<ref name=":32" />

The temple's architectural design incorporates astronomical alignments. At specific times of the year, sunlight falls directly on the deity's feet, demonstrating the technical expertise of ancient builders. This feature reflects the integration of celestial phenomena into temple construction.

== Religious significance ==
The temple is renowned for its sanctity and is regarded as a spiritual equivalent to [[Badrinath]] in northern India. Devotees believe that offerings made here bring prosperity and fulfillment of desires. A local legend mentions a mystical stone, Parusavedini, placed at the feet of the deity by Sage Mandavya, which was said to turn objects into gold. This legend adds to the temple’s mystique.

== Festivals ==
The temple celebrates several major Hindu festivals. Notable among them is Chaitra Sudha Ekadasi, a five-day grand festival that culminates in the celestial wedding of the deity. The temple also observes [[Dhanu (month)|Dhanurmasa]], [[Shravana (month)|Sravana]], and [[Kārtika (month)|Karthika]], with elaborate rituals and special poojas held throughout these months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R. V. Ramanamurty |date=5 November 2022 |title=మాండవ్య నారాయణ స్వామి గ్రామోత్సవం |url=https://telugu.getlokalapp.com/andhra-news/east-godavari/peddapuram/gramotsavam-of-mandavya-narayana-swamy-8136395 |website=Lokal App |language=te}}</ref> Daily and festival rituals at the temple follow the [[Vaikhanasa]] tradition, with priests from the same lineage performing worship for generations, preserving the temple’s spiritual and cultural heritage.

== Accessibility ==
The temple is part of the [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] (APSRTC)'s one-day pilgrimage covering the five [[Pancharama Kshetras]]. Regular buses and other transport facilities make it accessible to devotees from nearby regions.

On October 30, 2021, a theft at the temple resulted in the loss of ₹12,000, along with [[Closed-circuit television|CCTV]] cameras and [[Hard disk drive|hard drives]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2021 |title=సామర్లకోటలో చోరీ |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/2021/andhra-pradesh/east-godavari/robberry-samarlakota-narayana-swami-templemrgsandhrapradesh-518289.html |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |language=te}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[Vaishnavism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hindu Temples in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kakinada district]]
[[Category:Kakinada district]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples in Andhra Pradesh]]

Udayaprabha Suri

2026-03-24T15:57:53Z

Alihaiderhussain: Put Up A Entry

{{Short description|12th century Indian Jain ascetic}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Udayaprabha Suri
| other_names = Udaya-prabha-deva-suri
| occupation = Jain monk, Sanskrit writer
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| era = [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela period]]
| notable_works = ''Dharmabhyudaya'', ''Sukrita Kirti Kallolini''
| title = Acharya
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Udaya-prabha Sūri''' ([[floruit|fl.]] 1221–43) was a [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jain]] monk and writer from the [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela kingdom]] of present-day India. He was a member of the literary circle of the minister [[Vastupala]], and wrote several [[Sanskrit]]-language works.

== Biography ==

Udaya-prabha was a member of the Nagendra-[[gaccha]], and a pupil of Vijaya-sena (died 1245). His lineage of teachers is as follows: Vijaya-sena, Hari-bhadra, Ananda and Amara-chandra (contemporaries of [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]]), Shanti-suri, and Mahendra-prabhu.<ref name="CESS1">{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=1 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1970 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ |pages=57–58 }}</ref>

He was a member of the literary circle of [[Vastupala]], a minister in the [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela kingdom]] of present-day [[Gujarat]] and southern [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="CESS1"/> Vastupala invited distant scholars to teach Udaya-prabha various ''[[shastras]]'', which suggests that Udaya-prabha was younger than Vastupala. The minister also organized an expensive function to appoint Udaya-prabha as an ''[[acharya]]''.{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=71}}

Jina-bhadra, a disciple of Udaya-prabha, wrote or compiled several [[prabandha]] stories that are part of the ''Prabandhavali''<ref>{{cite book |editor=Siba Pada Sen |title=Sources of the History of India |year=1988 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyhuAAAAMAAJ |oclc=4720835 |page=196 }}</ref> and ''[[Puratana Prabandha Sangraha]]''.<ref>{{cite book |author=Charlotte Krause |title=Ancient Jaina hymns |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oA_AAAAIAAJ |year=1952 |publisher=Scindia Oriental Institute |oclc=85851928 |page=20 }}</ref> Mallisena, another disciple of Udaya-prabha ''Syadvada-manjari'', a work on Jain philosophy in 1292 CE.{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=72}}

== Works ==

Udayaprabha wrote several poems, [[prashasti]]s, and commentaries, dated between 1221 and 1243.<ref name="CESS1"/> His works include:

* ''Sukrita Kirti Kallolini'' ([[IAST]]: ''Sukṛta-kīrti-kallolinī'', "River of the Glory of Good Deeds"<ref>{{cite book |author=H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy |title=A History of Ancient India |year=1963 |publisher=Bani Prakash Mandir |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKkBAAAAMAAJ }}</ref>), a panegyric glorifying the deeds of Vastupala and Tejapala. It was composed in 1221 on the occasion of Vastupala's ''Samgha-yatra'' pilgrimage, and inscribed on a slab at [[Shatrunjaya]].{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=71}}
* ''Vastupala-stuti'' ("Praise of Vastupala"), another panegyric glorifying Vastupala.{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=71}}
* ''Dharmabhyudaya'' (or ''Purana Sangha-pati-charita''), a work on Vijaya-sena's teaching of Jainism, written for Vastupala. It includes a number of Jain legends and an account of the history of [[Shatrunjaya]].<ref>{{cite book |author=A.K. Warder |title=Indian Kāvya Literature: The Wheel of Time |volume=7 |year=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |page=604 |isbn=9788120820289 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GiRVhBmpwSEC&pg=PA604 }}</ref> The work is undated, but it was definitely composed before 1234, the year of a manuscript copied by Vastupala himself. It was probably composed in 1221 on the occasion of Vastupala's pilgrimage.{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=71}}
* ''Arambha-siddhi'' or ''Pancha-vimarsha'', a work on astrology in 412 verses and 5 chapters. This text is known from over 70 manuscripts. There are several commentaries on this text, including some anonymous works, an ''avachurni'' by Samaya-ratna Gani, and a ''varttika'' by Hema-hamsa Gani (fl. 1458).<ref name="CESS1"/>
* ''Upadesha-mala-karnika'' (IAST: ''Upadeśa-māla-karṇikā''), a commentary on Dharmadasa Gani's ''Upadesha-mala''. The author composed in 1243 at Dhavalakka (modern [[Dholka]]), at the suggestion of his teacher Vijaya-sena.{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=71}}
* A partially lost work, probably titled ''Shabda-brahmollasa'', known from 47 surviving verses preserved on the fragments of a palm-leaf manuscript. The subject matter of the work is not clear from the surviving portion, although the title suggests that it was a treatise on the philosophy of grammar.{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=72}}
* Verses in a [[Girnar]] ''[[prashasti]]'' inscription of Vastupala.{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=72}}
* A 1225 CE 19-verse ''prashasti'' of a religious cottage (''pausadha-shala'') built by Vastupala at [[Stambhatirtha|Stambha-tirtha]].{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=72}}

Udayaprabha-Suri should not be confused with the 12th-century monk Udayaprabha, who was a pupil of Ravi-prabha-suri, and who wrote commentaries on Nemichandra's ''Pravachana-saroddhara'' and three ''Karma-granthas''.{{sfn|B.J. Sandesara|1953|p=71}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=B.J. Sandesara |author-link=Bhogilal Sandesara |title=Literary Circle of Mahāmātya Vastupāla and its Contribution to Sanskrit Literature |series=Singhi Jain Series |year=1953 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tljAAAAMAAJ }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*Udayaprabha Sūri. ''Dharmābhyudayamahākāvya'', ed. Muni Caturavijaya and Muni Puṇyavijaya, Bombay, 1949.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suri, Udayaprabha}}
[[Category:13th-century Indian Jain writers]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]

Rural Development Foundation, India

2026-03-15T22:56:04Z

Alihaiderhussain: minor edit

{{Short description|Non-governmental organization}}
{{about|the foundation in India|the foundation in Poland|Rural Development Foundation, Poland}}
{{No significant coverage|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

The '''Rural Development Foundation''' (RDF) is a non-governmental organization headquartered in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], [[India]]. It promotes rural development mainly through education: building and operating high-quality, non-sectarian schools in underserved villages in Telangana & Andhra.

==History==
RDF began as a family initiative. It was conceived by several members of the Errabelli (or Erraballi) family, descendants of those who had amassed considerable wealth and build an imposing 40-room mansion in Kalleda village, [[Warangal District]], Telangana. In 1996 the NGO was registered, with a board of directors that included a range of people accomplished in government, education and business. The current secretary of RDF is Vandita Rao of Hyderabad.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

Also in 1996, a US-based foundation named the India Rural Development Fund was chartered. Its primary function is to generate support for RDF, although it also makes contributions to some other Indian poverty-alleviation projects. The current president is Sunil Erraballi, founder of Frontier Technology.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

[[File:Matendla.jpg|right|thumb|Top: Students in Matendla village, Medak District, attend classes in 2002 before they have a building. Bottom: Students study math in the new Matendla Rural School building, 2005.]]

==Educational work==
The same year that RDF was founded it opened the Kalleda Rural School in the Errabelli family mansion. By 2003 KRS had grown to its full size of 560 students in grades from kindergarten through grade 10. The school reserves many seats for Scheduled Caste and Tribal children, and approximately half of its seats for girls. It provides a nutritious lunch to all students, featuring vegetables grown on the school’s mostly organic farm with help from the students.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

In 2000 RDF began work on its second school, in Matendla village of [[Medak district|Medak District]], A.P. Matendla is a particularly impoverished area with no school whatsoever. Matendla Rural School began instruction before it had a building, with students attending classes held under palm trees. In 2004 it inaugurated its own building, which now serves a student body of 400 students.

Since then, RDF has started four other rural schools. In 2007 it opened the Vanitha Achutha Pai junior college (grades 11-12) in a newly built campus near to the original Kalleda Rural School. The junior college hosts the Village India Program every summer, run in collaboration with [[Washington University in St. Louis]]. The Village India Program brings Washington University students to teach English-medium minicourses in a variety of subjects.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

==Development philosophy==
Over its first decade of operation, RDF has developed a philosophy of development with three basic components.

First and is the emphasis on high-quality affordable education for rural children. With its information economy, India is a land where a education is often a ticket out of poverty, but it is also a land with extreme educational stratification: students with opportunity and means can get an excellent education, while the majority of students have access to poor schools. Rural schools are notoriously poor in contemporary India. RDF works closely with its teachers, providing assessments and progressive teaching techniques. It also provides scholarship aid to extremely poor children.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

Second is extra-curricular support for students. Children from poor rural backgrounds often lack the confidence, knowledge, connections, and family support needed to move into good careers. Therefore, RDF staff take personal interest in students and assist in various ways, including providing personal counseling, persuading parents to keep children in school, seeking sponsors for students, and providing logistical support for graduates seeking employment or further training away from home.
Third is keeping graduates connected to their home areas. Helping rural kids graduate and move to middle class careers in the city only depletes rural resources unless the graduates remain closely involved with their homecommunities.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}[[File:KRS-girls2.jpg|right|frame|Left: Pranitha and Fauzia, Hindu and Muslim girls at KRS in 2004. Pranitha later went to the Beijing Olympics on the Indian archery team, and Fauzia began a career with General Electric, Hyderabad. Right: Fauzia returned to Kalleda in 2008 to encourage younger students.]] RDF's encouragement to stay involved has paid off, as recent graduates who have gotten excellent jobs in Hyderabad have immediately called RDF to say they could now sponsor a child's education back in the village. Graduates also return to participate in village life, and offer advice and encouragement to younger students. RDF's goal is eventually have all its school supported by its alumni.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rdfindia.org/ Rural Development Foundation website]
* [http://www.indiarural.org/ India Rural Development Fund website]
* [http://indiarural.org/pjc/ Vanitha Achuta Pai Junior College]

[[Category:Development charities based in India]]
[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Rural development organisations in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1996]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

National poet

2026-03-11T16:28:51Z

Alihaiderhussain:

{{short description|Poet traditionally held to represent a certain national culture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
[[File:Grave of James Clarence Mangan.jpg|thumb|Tomb of [[James Clarence Mangan]], with legend describing him as "[[Ireland]]'s national poet"]]
A '''national poet''' or '''national bard''' is a [[poet]] held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular [[Romantic nationalism|national culture]].<ref name="Esterhammer">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSa4fY_LQVYC&q=national+poets&pg=PA249 | title= "'National Poets' in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance." Romantic Poetry | publisher=John Benjamins Publishing | author-link=Virgil Nemoianu | author=Nemoianu, Virgil | editor=Esterhammer, Angela | year=2002 | pages=537 | isbn=9789027234506}}</ref> The national poet as [[culture hero]] is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed [[Poet Laureate|poet-laureate]] office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during [[Romanticism]], as a figure that helped consolidation of the [[nation state]]s, as it provided validation of their [[ethno-linguistic]] groups.<ref name="Esterhammer" />

Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets". Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our National Poets |url=https://poets.org/our-national-poets |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Poets.org |language=en}}</ref> Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so",<ref>John Neubauer, "Figures of National Poets", in Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YINYl4iv4ecC&pg=PA11 Figures of National Poets]'' (2004), p. 11.</ref> with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".<ref>Michael Baron, ''Language and Relationship in Wordsworth's Writing'' (1995), p. 13.</ref>

The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] [[sovereign state|states]] or [[countries]], though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "[[nation]]" (as cultural concept), "[[country]]" (as geographical concept) and "[[State (polity)|state]]" (as political concept) are not [[synonym]]s.

==Africa==

[[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Hadrawi of Somalia]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country or Territory
!Poet
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}
| [[Si Mohand]], [[Moufdi Zakaria]]
|<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/29392840|title=Vermondo Brugnatelli «Mi spezzo ma non mi piego» - La poesia di Si Mohand (1849-1905)|first=Vermondo|last=Brugnatelli|date=1 November 2016|via=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aathaar.net/en/place/5080|title=اكتشف العالم|website=اكتشف العالم}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Angola}}
|[[Agostinho Neto]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalopedia.com/angola-national-poet-a-tribute-to-agostinho-neto/|title=Angola National Poet: A Tribute to Agostinho Neto|first=Mahmood|last=Rehan|work=National Pedia - Read Everything National |date=22 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|[[Titinga Frédéric Pacéré]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial de Sidwaya : Des signaux forts… ! - leFaso.net |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article41633 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=lefaso.net |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|[[Jorge Barbosa (writer)|Jorge Barbosa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Almeida |first=Germano |date=2023-11-03 |title=Apenas indeferença? – A Nação – Jornal Independente |url=https://www.anacao.cv/noticia/2023/11/03/apenas-indeferenca/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}
|[[Antoine-Roger Bolamba]] (J'ongungu) [when the country was known as Congo–[[Zaire]]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuKAAgAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of African Literature |date=2003-09-02 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-58222-8 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|Victor Hugo M'Gonagall
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWQwAQAAIAAJ&q=%22national+poet%22+djibouti |title=Punch |date=1977 |publisher=Punch Publications Limited |language=en}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=The source cited is likely to be comedic rather than factual, given that Punch was a satirical magazine, and the name mentioned may be a nod to other authors, specifically Victor Hugo and William McGonagall|date=November 2025}}
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
| [[Ahmed Shawqi]]
|<ref>Graves, R. (2014). ''[[Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography]]''. United Kingdom: Penguin Books Limited.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
| [[Gibreab Teferi]], [[Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pnreview.co.uk/cgi-bin/scribe?item_id=2696|title=PN Review 169|website=PN Review }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|[[Atukwei Okai]], [[Kofi Awoonor]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/886160/professor-john-atukwei-okai-an-appreciation-of-a-pan-african.html|title=Professor John Atukwei Okai An Appreciation Of A Pan-African Bard|website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/v2/record/S106C2257864|title=The promise of hope: new and selected poems, 1964-2013|first1=Kofi|last1=Awoonor|first2=Kofi|last2=Anyidoho|first3=Kwame Senu Neville|last3=Dawes|series=African poetry book series |date=26 January 2014|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-5493-0 |via=Charlotte Mecklenburg Library}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|[[Abdilatif Abdalla]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI5EAQAAIAAJ |title=Struggle for Democracy in Kenya: Special Report on the 1988 General Elections in Kenya |date=1988 |publisher=UMOJA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|[[Thomas Mofolo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whathowbuzz.com/lesotho-facts/|title=Lesotho Facts and History and History|date=21 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|[[Melvin B. Tolson]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flashpointmag.com/mbttolsonrevisited.htm|title=Robert M. Farnsworth - Melvin B. Tolson : Revisited|website=Flashpoint Magazine}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}
|[[Ahmed Rafiq Almhadoui]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rothenberg |first1=Jerome |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sp6f4oy0bAsC |title=Poems for the Millennium, Volume Four: The University of California Book of North African Literature |last2=Joris |first2=Pierre |last3=Robinson |first3=Jeffrey Cane |last4=Tengour |first4=Habib |date=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-27385-6 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
| [[Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/library-weekly/jean-joseph-rabearivelo|title=Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo|website=African Studies Centre Leiden}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mali}}
| [[Fily Dabo Sissoko]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.symbolicmeaningofaflower.com/meaning/what-is-the-national-flower-of-mali-meaning-and-symbolism/|title=What is the national flower of Mali, Meaning and Symbolism|date=9 October 2023|website=Symbolic Meaning Of A Flower}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|[[Léoville L'Homme]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pahladramsurrun.com/shop/indradhanush-magazine-leoville-lhomme/|work=Indradhanush Magazine |title=Léoville L'Homme }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
| [[Mohammed Awzal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.app.com.pk/national/allama-iqbals-philosophy-gives-depth-height-to-human-imagination-pm/|title=Allama Iqbal's philosophy gives depth, height to human imagination: PM|date=8 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|[[José Craveirinha]]
|<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0487|title=Dictionary of African Biography|first=Livia|last=Apa|editor-first1=Emmanuel K. |editor-first2=Henry Louis |editor-last1=Akyeampong |editor-last2=Gates |date=1 January 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|via=Oxford Reference|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|[[Mvula ya Nangolo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revuenoire.com/en/mvula-ya-nangolo-namibia/|title=Mvula Ya NANGOLO – Namibia |website=Revue Noire}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
| [[Christopher Okigbo]]
|<ref>Nwakanma, O. (2010:90). ''Christopher Okigbo, 1930-67: Thirsting for Sunlight''. Nigeria: James Currey.</ref><ref>''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics''. (2018:623). United Kingdom: OUP Oxford.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
| [[Francisco José Tenreiro]], [[Alda Neves do Espírito Santo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco José de Vasques Tenreiro |url=https://www.apgeo.pt/francisco-jose-de-vasques-tenreiro |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=APGEO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hage |first=Naziha |date=2024-04-11 |title=Las mujeres, fundamentales en la lucha anticolonial portuguesa |url=https://www.esafrica.es/genero/las-mujeres-fundamentales-en-la-lucha-anticolonial-portuguesa/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Es África |language=es-ES}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Senegal}}
| [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]]
|<ref>Moore, G. (1980:38). Twelve African Writers. United Kingdom: Hutchinson University Library for Africa.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|[[Davidson Nicol]]
|<ref>Rice, G. T. (1985:238). ''The Bold Experiment: JFK's Peace Corps''. United States: University Press of Virginia.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}}
| [[Hadrawi]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/178873/hadraawi-shakespeare-of-somalia-dies |title=Hadraawi, Shakespeare of Somalia, dies |work=New Age}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}
| [[S. E. K. Mqhayi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grafiati.com/en/literature-selections/mqhayi-s/|title=Bibliographies: 'Mqhayi S' |website=Grafiati}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
| [[Shaaban bin Robert]]
|<ref name="CameronDodd2014">{{cite book|author1=J. Cameron|author2=W. A. Dodd|title=Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania: The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73eoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=17 May 2014|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-4831-5914-0|pages=57–}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
| [[Aboul-Qacem Echebbi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalanthems.info/tn.htm|title=Tunisia – nationalanthems.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediorientedintorni.com/index.php/2021/01/24/canticles-of-the-life-by-aboul-qacem-echebbi/?lang=en|title="Canticles of the life" by Aboul-Qacem Echebbi|first=Khalid|last=Valisi|date=24 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Western Sahara}}''
| [[Zaim Allal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hosting.northumbria.ac.uk/westernsaharapoetry/2023/01/31/poetry-translation-centre-features-two-poets-from-this-project-in-an-upcoming-translation-workshop/|title=Poetry Translation Centre features two poets from this project in an upcoming translation workshop – Western Sahara Poetry|date=21 June 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Asia==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country (or region)
!Poet
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|[[Rumi]], [[Khushal Khattak]]
|<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Morgenstierne | first1 = G. | doi = 10.1080/03068376008731684 | title = Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans | journal = Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society | volume = 47 | pages = 49–57 | year = 1960 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/poetry-of-rumi-spans-across-centuries-cultures|title=Poetry of Rumi Spans Across Centuries, Cultures|date=4 June 2009|website=PBS NewsHour}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Signed and sealed: Bangladesh officially recognises Kazi Nazrul Islam as national poet |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/4b95f5a98090 |work=[[bdnews24.com]] |date=3 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103191415/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/4b95f5a98090 |archive-date=3 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh officially recognizes late Kazi Nazrul Islam as 'national poet' |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-officially-recognizes-late-kazi-nazrul-islam-as-national-poet-/3440772# |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=3 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Du Fu]], [[Li Bai]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hao |first1=Tianhu |title=Milton in Late-Qing China (1837-1911) and the Production of Cross-Cultural Knowledge |journal=Milton Quarterly |date=2012 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=86–105 |doi=10.1111/j.1094-348X.2012.00330.x |jstor=24463978 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/09/content_41814.htm|title=Poetic Genius, Sage of Poetry, Buddhist Poet and Poet-Ghost|website=en.chinaculture.org}}</ref><ref>Ward, J. E. (2008). ''Li Bai: an Homage To''. United Kingdom: Lulu.com.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|[[Preah Botumthera Som]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Polin |first1=Soth |last2=May |first2=Sharon |title=Without Words: An Interview |journal=Manoa |date=2006 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=108–115 |doi=10.1353/man.2006.0035 |jstor=4230442 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|[[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]], [[Kuvempu]], [[Govinda Pai]], [[G. S. Shivarudrappa]], [[Maithili Sharan Gupt]], [[Subramania Bharati]], [[Kalidasa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iias.ac.in/events/national-poet-subramania-bharati-thinker-ahead-of-times-from-tamil-nadu/|title=National Poet Subramania Bharati: Thinker ahead of times from Tamil Nadu – Indian Institute of Advanced Study}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ground.news/article/a164ad3f-b05f-4924-898b-d8296e8fac85|title=Maithili Sharan Gupta poems are awakening for the passion of patriotism|website=Ground News|date=12 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona''. (1987). India: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.</ref><ref>Bhawe, S. S. (1964). ''Kalidasa: The National Poet of India''. India: Good Companions.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=12661|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309181507/http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=12661|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 March 2021|title=Valmiki Jayanti At Shri Dwarkamai Vidyapeeth|website=Lokvani}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/12/29/kuppali-venkatappa-puttappa-kuvempus-kannada-legacy|title=Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa: Kuvempu's Kannada legacy|website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/375449/kannada-poet-dead|title=Kannada poet dead|website=[[Gulf Times]] |date=23 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/karnataka/2016/Dec/05/poet-m-govinda-pais-home-gets-a-facelift-1545728.html|title=Poet M Govinda Pai's home gets a facelift|website=[[New Indian Express]] |date=5 December 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|[[Chairil Anwar]], [[Sapardi Djoko Damono]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artsofresistance.com/portfolio/joma-sison/|title=Joma Sison - Arts of Resistance|website=Arts of Resistance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapardi Djoko Damono: 70 … and still kicking |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/03/31/sapardi-djoko-damono-70-%E2%80%A6-and-still-kicking.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403144300/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/03/31/sapardi-djoko-damono-70-%E2%80%A6-and-still-kicking.html |archive-date=2010-04-03 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website= The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapardi Djoko Damono |url=http://www.poetryinternational.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=16151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509013548/http://www.poetryinternational.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=16151 |archive-date=2012-05-09 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website= Poetry International |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|[[Ferdowsi]], [[Rumi]], [[Hafez]], [[Attar of Nishapur]], [[Omar Khayyám]], [[Saadi Shirazi]], [[Nizami Ganjavi]], [[Rudaki]], [[Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar]], [[Mohammad-Taqi Bahar]], [[Mehdi Akhavan-Sales]], [[Aref Qazvini]], [[Ahmad Shamlou]], [[Parvin E'tesami]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhlrc.ucla.edu/cnes/event/7766|title=The Shahnameh: Iran's National Epic|website=NHLRC}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web | url=https://www.thestorymint.com/writers-pad/farha-naz/titles/my-favourite-author-jalaluddin-rumi-who-changed-my-life-0 | title=My favourite Author Jalalu'ddin Rumi, who changed my life |work=The Story Mint }}</ref><ref>Viestad, A. (2023). ''Dinner in Rome: A History of the World in One Meal''. United Kingdom: Reaktion Books.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|[[Muthaffar al-Nawab]], [[Al-Mutanabbi]], [[Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-protesters-force-pm-leave-funeral-national-communist-poet-muzaffar-al-nawab|title=Iraq: Protesters force PM to leave funeral of national poet Muzaffar al-Nawab|website=Middle East Eye}}</ref><ref>''Wonders of creation: manuscripts of the Bavarian State Library from the Islamic world''. (2010). Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag.</ref><ref>Zeidel, R. (2020). ''Pluralism in the Iraqi Novel After 2003: Literature and the Recovery of National Identity''. United States: Lexington Books.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|[[Yehuda Amichai]], [[Hayim Nahman Bialik]], [[Natan Alterman]]
|,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gold |first1=Nili Scharf |title=Yehuda Amichai: The Making of Israel's National Poet |date=2008 |publisher=Brandeis University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv102bhrh |isbn=978-1-58465-733-0 |jstor=j.ctv102bhrh }}{{page needed|date=April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/2/Literature/Hebrew/Emergence_of_Modern_Hebrew_Literature/The_Pioneers/Hayim_Nahman_Bialik.shtml|title=Hayim Nahman Bialik}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://jewishoriginal.com/celebrating-natan-alterman-israels-national-poet-literary-legend-and-political-voice/ | title=Celebrating Natan Alterman: Israel's National Poet, Literary Legend, and Political Voice | date=14 August 1910 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Matsuo Bashō]], [[Lafcadio Hearn]], [[Murasaki Shikibu]], [[Tanikawa Shuntaro]], [[Ishikawa Takuboku]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2022/05/11/lafcadio-hearn-greek-national-poet-of-japan-koizumi-yakumo/|title=Lafcadio Hearn: The Greek National Poet of Japan - GreekReporter.com|date=27 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>''Japan Quarterly''. (1960:47). Japan: Asahi Shinbun.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-first-modern-japanese/9780231179720|title=The First Modern Japanese: The Life of Ishikawa Takuboku|first=Donald|last=Keene|date=19 September 2016|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54223-4 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|[[Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mahfouz |first1=Safi |last2=Al Hweitat |first2=Dr. Mufleh |title='Arār, "Jordan's Wandering Poet among the Gypsies," and Maxwell Bodenheim, "The Village Rogue": A Comparative Study of the Two Bohemians' Lives and Poetic Styles |journal=The International Journal of Literary Humanities |date=2022 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=121–137 |id={{ProQuest|2730090789}} |doi=10.18848/2327-7912/CGP/v20i02/121-137 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|[[Abai Qunanbaiuli]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shymkent.info/2020/08/09/175th-birthday-of-abay-qunanbaiuly/|title=175th Birthday of Abay Qunanbaiuly|work=Info Shymkent|date=9 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg|link=Korean Unification Flag|24x24px]] [[Korea]]
|[[Cho Ki-chon]], [[Yun Dongju]], [[Han Yong-un]], [[Park Mok-wol]], [[Chŏng Ch'ŏl]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2008 |script-title=ko:기획 기사 [9.9절 방북취재-6]<백두산은 역시 혁명의 성산> |url=http://www.kancc.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=special&wr_id=129 |access-date=10 November 2020 |publisher=[[Korean American National Coordinating Council]] |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis | url=http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10059 | title=Le poéte coréen Yun Tong-Ju : (Entre le Jiandao du nord et le Japon) | date=January 1989 | publisher=Aix-Marseille 1 | type=These de doctorat | last1=Lim | first1=Byung-Sun | last2=Dabezies | first2=André }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kurdistan}}
|[[Hemin Mukriyani]], [[Sherko Bekas]], [[Abdurrahman Sharafkandi]], [[Ehmedê Xanî]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kurdshop.net/en/famous-kurdish-persons/2899|title=Hemn, the National Poet|date=5 August 2023|website=KURDŞOP (kurdshop.net)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Azeez | first1=Hawzhin | url=https://nlka.net/eng/reviewing-the-secret-diary-of-a-rose/ | title=Reviewing Sherko Bekas' 'The Secret Diary of a Rose' | work=The Kurdish Center for Studies | date=6 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://berkeley.pressbooks.pub/languagesofberkeley/chapter/kurdish/|title=Kurdish|author=Claude H. Potts|date=13 June 2021|journal=Berkeley Pressbooks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/33242260|title=The Consecration of a Kurdish National Epic|first=Michiel|last=Leezenberg|work=Academia.edu}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|[[Toktogul Satylganov]]
|<ref>Coşkun, M. (2020:64). ''Improvising the Voice of the Ancestors: Heritage and Identity in Central Asia''. Germany: Lit Verlag.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|[[Kahlil Gibran]], [[Said Akl]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/12/31/prophet-greenwich-village|title="The Prophet" in Greenwich Village|website=The New York Public Library}}</ref><ref>Salameh, F. (2010:220). ''Language, Memory, and Identity in the Middle East: The Case for Lebanon''. Ukraine: Lexington Books.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|[[Usman Awang]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://s-pores.com/2007/04/linda-chen/|title=In Memory of Linda Chen (1928-2002)|date=10 April 2007}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|[[Ochirbatyn Dashbalbar]], [[Dulduityn Danzanravjaa]], [[Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj]], [[Byambyn Rinchen]], [[Hadaa Sendoo]]
|<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0090599200024016/type/journal_article|title=City of felt and concrete: Negotiating cultural hybridity in Mongolia's capital of Ulaanbaatar|first1=Alexander C.|last1=Diener|first2=Joshua|last2=Hagen|date=1 July 2013|journal=Nationalities Papers|volume=41|issue=4|pages=622–650|via=CrossRef|doi=10.1080/00905992.2012.743513|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rutgers.academia.edu/SimonWickhamsmith/CurriculumVitae|title=Simon Wickhamsmith|website=Rutgers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://memim.com/dashdorjiin-natsagdorj.html|title=Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj|website=memim}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.calligraphy-museum.com/cn/news/news/mongolian-calligraphy-the-tradition-of-fine-writing-in-the-mongolian-language|title=Mongolian calligraphy – the tradition of fine writing in the Mongolian language|website=Calligraphy Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ginamc.blogspot.com/2015/06/hadaa-sendoo-world-poet.html|title=Riding & Writing...: Hadaa Sendoo, World Poet|date=14 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|[[Min Thu Wun]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://moemaka.net/eng/2009/02/burmese-national-poet-a-literary-icon-min-thu-wun-100-year-anniversary-to-hold-far-and-wide/|title=Burmese National Poet & Literary Icon, Min Thu Wun 100 year Anniversary to hold far and wide|date=6 February 2009}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|[[Madhav Prasad Ghimire]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/69553/|title=206th birth anniversary of Aadi Kavi Bhanu Bhakta Acharya being marked today (with video)|first=Sanskriti|last=Acharya|website=My Republica|date=8 August 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|[[Allama Muhammad Iqbal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/poet/muhammad-allama-iqbal|title=Muhammad Allama Iqbal|website=Poets.org}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Palestine}}
|[[Mahmoud Darwish]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/3/13/remembering-mahmoud-darwish-the-poetic-voice-of-palestine|title='The war will end': Remembering Mahmoud Darwish, Palestine's poetic voice|first=Indlieb Farazi|last=Saber|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|[[Francisco Balagtas]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bulacan.gov.ph/general-info/francisco-balagtas/|title=Francisco "Baltazar" Balagtas – Provincial Government of Bulacan|website=bulacan.gov.ph}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Parakrama Kodituwakku]]
|<ref>''Beyond Borders: An Anthology of SAARC Poetry''. (2002). India: Academy of Fine Arts and Literature and Rainbow Publishers.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
| [[Nizar Qabbani]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0272.xml|title=Nizar Qabbani|website=obo}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Taiwan}}
|[[Yang Mu]], [[Yu Youren]]
|<ref>Wong, L. L. (2009:170). ''Rays of the Searching Sun: The Transcultural Poetics of Yang Mu''. Austria: P.I.E. Peter Lang.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dokumen.pub/politics-and-cultural-nativism-in-1970s-taiwan-youth-narrative-nationalism-9780231553667.html|title=Politics and Cultural Nativism in 1970s Taiwan: Youth, Narrative, Nationalism 9780231553667|website=dokumen.pub}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
| [[Sadriddin Ayni]], [[Bozor Sobir]], [[Mirzo Tursunzoda]] [[Rudaki]], [[Rumi]], [[Gulnazar Keldi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medt.tj/en/tourism/sultural-heritage/1557-sadriddin-ayni|title=Sadriddin Ayni|website=medt.tj}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/culture/literature.htm|title=Tajik Literature and Poetry|website=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudaki|title=Rūdakī: Classical Poet, Persian Language, 9th Century|date=4 April 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84728271/Renowned-Iranian-poet-Saadi-commemorated-in-Tajikistan | title=Renowned Iranian poet Saadi commemorated in Tajikistan | date=22 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tajmedun.tj/en/news/university/jalaliddin-rumi-poetry-and-wisdom-beyond-time/ | title=Jalaliddin Rumi - Poetry and Wisdom Beyond Time }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ecieco.org/en/news/5329/On-the-Demise-of-Gulnazar-Keldi | title=On the Demise of Gulnazar Keldi }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}
| [[Sunthorn Phu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://structomagazine.co.uk/poems-from-the-buddhas-footprint-a-conversation-with-anothai-kaewkaen/|title=Poems from the Buddha's Footprint: A Conversation with Noh Anothai|website=Structo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agape-editions.com/2016/10/10/midwest-monkey-reading-sunthorn-phu/|title=MIDWEST MONKEY: Reading Sunthorn Phu|date=10 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tibet}}
|[[Tsering Woeser]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culanth.org/fieldsights/the-work-of-art-in-the-age-of-self-immolation-1|title=The Work of Art in the Age of Self-Immolation|first=Leigh|last=Sangster|date=8 April 2012|website=Society for Cultural Anthropology}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Rumi]], [[Nâzım Hikmet]], [[Ziya Gökalp]], [[Mehmet Âkif Ersoy]]
|<ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/turkey/articles/ziya-g-kalp-turkey-s-national-poet-and-the-father-of-turkish-nationalism | title=Ziya Gkalp: Turkeys National Poet and the Father of Turkish Nationalism | date=6 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lightmillennium.org/winter_02/jmardin_nhikmet.html|title=NAZIM HIKMET National Poet, International Figure But Not A Turkish Citizen |author=Julie MARDIN|website=Light Millennium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/writer-of-turkish-national-anthem-commemorated-161188|title=Writer of Turkish national anthem commemorated|date=28 December 2020|website=Hürriyet Daily News}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|[[Magtymguly Pyragy]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daryo.uz/en/2023/03/06/giant-statue-of-national-poet-magtymguly-installed-in-ashgabat|title=Giant statue of national poet Magtymguly installed in Ashgabat|date=3 June 2023|website=Daryo}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|[[Ali-Shir Nava'i]], [[Abdulla Oripov (poet)|Abdulla Oripov]], [[Erkin Vohidov]], [[Gʻafur Gʻulom]], [[Mirtemir]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/lifestyle/lord-ram-ramayana-hindu-mythology-tulsidas-valmiki-2910|title=Why Lord Ram is the most misunderstood man in India|website=Dailyo}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|[[Nguyễn Du]], [[Nguyễn Đình Chiểu]], [[Hồ Xuân Hương]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/vn/en/ver.cfm?event_id=21884135|title=Discussion: Commemorating Nguyễn Du - Goethe-Institut Vietnam|website=@GI_weltweit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/1255111/unesco-celebration-held-for-200th-birthday-of-famed-vietnamese-poet.html|title=UNESCO celebration held for 200th birthday of famed Vietnamese poet|website=vietnamnews.vn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamembassy-usa.org/vi/node/3314|title=SELECTED WORKS OF HỒ XUÂN HƯƠNG READ AT LIBRARY OF CONGRESS |website=Đại sứ quán Việt Nam tại Hoa Kỳ}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|[[Abdullah Al-Baradouni]], [[Waddah al-Yaman]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://al-bab.com/albab-orig/albab/bys/articles/waddah96.htm|title=British-Yemeni Society: Waddah al-Yaman: national poet, by Abdulla al-Udhari|website=al-bab.com|access-date=19 April 2024|archive-date=27 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127182326/https://al-bab.com/albab-orig/albab/bys/articles/waddah96.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/6/28/poet-threa-almontasers-love-letter-to-yemen|title=Poet Threa Almontaser's 'love letter to Yemen'|first=Abubakr|last=Al-Shamahi|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
|}

==Europe==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country (or region)
!Poet
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}
| [[Gjergj Fishta]], [[Naim Frashëri]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.albanianliterature.net/authors/classical/fishta/index.html|title=Gjergj FISHTA|website=Albanian Literature}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.albanianliterature.net/authors/classical/frasheri/index.html|title=Naim FRASHËRI|website=Albanian Literature}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Abkhazia}}
| [[Dmitry Gulia]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=The pioneer in everything and the patriarch of Abkhaz literature: about Dmitry Gulia|url=https://abaza.org/en/the-pioneer-in-everything-and-the-patriarch-of-abkhaz-literature-about-dmitry-gulia|website=[[World Abaza Congress]]}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|[[Hovhannes Tumanyan]], [[Sayat-Nova]], [[Yeghishe Charents]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.port-magazine.com/film/the-colour-of-pomegranates/|title=The Colour Of Pomegranates|date=6 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asbarez.com/first-english-collection-of-studies-on-yeghishe-charents/|title=First English Collection of Studies on Yeghishe Charents – Asbarez.com|date=5 March 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/Hovhannes-Toumanian|title=Hovhannes Toumanian - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry|website=allpoetry.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
| [[Franz Grillparzer]], [[Johann Nepomuk Nestroy]], [[Georg Trakl]], [[Rainer Maria Rilke]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/Franz-Grillparzer|title=Franz Grillparzer - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry|website=allpoetry.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yates |first1=W. E. |title=Review of Grillparzers Welttheater: Modernität und Tradition |journal=Austrian Studies |date=2014 |volume=22 |pages=215–217 |doi=10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215 |jstor=10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215 }}</ref><ref>''Austria today''. (1984:7). Austria: Austria Today Limited.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Nizami Ganjavi]], [[Fuzûlî]], [[Imadaddin Nasimi]], [[Samad Vurgun]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://regionplus.az/en/articles/view/7386|title="MANUSCRIPTS DO NOT BURN"|website=Region Plus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/culture/148305.html|title=Exhibition dedicated to Nasimi opens in capital|date=4 April 2019|website=Azernews.Az}}</ref><ref>Samad Vurgun</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bashkortostan}}
| [[Rami Garipov]], [[Mustai Karim]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=A unique website of the national poet Rami Garipov was created in Bashkortostan|url=https://kulturarb.ru/en/news/a-unique-website-of-the-national-poet-rami-garipov-was-created-in-bashkortostan|website=The Cultural World of Bashkortostan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Карим Мустай|url=https://kulturarb.ru/en/persony/karim-mustaj|website=The Cultural World of Bashkortostan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mustay KARIM about Tukay…|url=http://gabdullatukay.ru/eng/about-tukay/mustay-karim-about-tukay/|website=Gabdulla Tukay}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Basque Country}}
|[[Bernard Etxepare]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Toledo Lezeta |first=Ana María |title="Linguae Vasconum Primitiae, bi partetan banaturik" |date=2008 |publisher=Jean Haritschelhar-i omenaldia |pages=625–644}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Belarus}}
| [[Yanka Kupala]], [[Yakub Kolas]]
|<ref>Martin, T. D. (2001:436). ''The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939''. United Kingdom: Cornell University Press.</ref><ref>''Tourist Mosaic of Belarus''. (2017:480). Russia: ЛитРес.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Belgium}}
| [[Emile Verhaeren]], [[Maurice Maeterlinck]]
|<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-low-countries.com/article/%C3%A9mile-verhaeren.-the-only-national-poet-belgium-has-ever-had-1|title=Émile Verhaeren. The Only National Poet Belgium Has Ever Had|website=the low countries}}</ref><ref>''Cultures in Flux: Lower-Class Values, Practices, and Resistance in Late Imperial Russia''. (1994:140). Ukraine: Princeton University Press.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Catalonia}} ([[Catalan Countries]])
| [[Ausiàs March]], [[Jacint Verdaguer]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visat.cat/traduccions-literatura-catalana/cat/autor/8/ausias-march.html|title=Ausiàs March|website=Visat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40424388|title=Jacint Verdaguer, national poet of Catalonia}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Chechnya}}
| [[Abuzar Aydamirov]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Abuzar Aydamirov|url=https://www.waynakh.com/eng/2009/06/abuzar-aydamirov/ |website=Waynakh Online}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|[[Abdulah Sidran]], [[Mak Dizdar]], [[Izet Sarajlić]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts-culture/2019/02/21/homage-to-bosnian-national-poet|title=Homage to Bosnian national poet|date=21 February 2019|website=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>Mahmutćehajić, R. (2015). ''The Praised and the Virgin''. Netherlands: Brill.</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Brittany}}
|[[Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Paul Brennan |author2=Michael O'Dea|title=Entrelacs franco-irlandais, langue, mémoire, imaginaire |date=2004 |publisher=Presses universitaires de Caen |pages=81}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
| [[Hristo Botev]], [[Ivan Vazov]]
|<ref>[http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235244/http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}, Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grogan |first1=Ellinor |title=Ivan Vazov |journal=The Slavonic Review |date=1922 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=225–227 |jstor=4201601 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Carpathian Ruthenia}}
| [[Alexander Dukhnovych]]
|<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4212145 | jstor=4212145 | last1=Rusinko | first1=Elaine | title=Between Russia and Hungary: Foundations of Literature and National Identity in Subcarpathian Rus' | journal=The Slavonic and East European Review | date=10 May 1996 | volume=74 | issue=3 | pages=421–444 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}
| [[Marko Marulić]], [[Ivan Gundulić]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityseeker.com/split/653273-marko-maruli%C4%87-statue|title=Marko Marulić Statue, Split|website=cityseeker}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
| [[Vasilis Michaelides]]
|<ref>Ioannides, C. P. (2018:12). ''Cyprus Under British Colonial Rule: Culture, Politics, and the Movement Toward Union with Greece, 1878–1954''. United States: Lexington Books.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Czech Republic}} ([[Czech lands]])
| [[Karel Hynek Mácha]], [[Jan Neruda]]
|<ref name="auto">{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004335400 |title=National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe |date=2017 |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |last2=Helgason |first2=Jón Karl |isbn=978-90-04-33539-4 |page=63 }}</ref><ref>Salcman, M. (2016:90). ''A Prague Spring, Before & After''. United States: Evening Street Press.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Dagestan}}
| [[Rasul Gamzatov]], [[Suleyman Stalsky]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavfond.eu/1616-september-8-marks-the-100th-anniversary-of-the-birth-of-the-peoples-poet-of-dagestan-rasul-gamzatov.html|title=September 8 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the people's poet of Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov|website=slavfond.eu}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}
| [[Adam Oehlenschläger]], [[Hans Christian Andersen]], [[Søren Kierkegaard]], [[N. F. S. Grundtvig]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adam-Gottlob-Oehlenschlager|title=Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger: Danish Poet, Playwright & Novelist|date=16 January 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pookpress.co.uk/project/hans-christian-andersen-biography/|title=Hans Christian Andersen: His Life and Works}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/benign-structures-the-worldview-of-danish-national-poet-pastor-an|title=Benign Structures: 7th Conference Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries|first1=Katrine Frøkjær|last1=Baunvig|first2=Kristoffer Laigaard|last2=Nielbo|editor-first1=Sofie|editor-last1=Gilbert|editor-first2=Annika|editor-last2=Rockenberger|date=12 March 2023|journal=Book of Abstracts|pages=9–11|via=Aarhus University}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Faroe Islands}}
| [[William Heinesen]], [[Nólsoyar Páll]], [[Mikkjal á Ryggi]]
|<ref>Cadence. (1984:60). United States: B. Rusch.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |title=National Poets and Romantic (Be)Longing: An Introduction |journal=Arcadia |date=24 May 2017 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1515/arcadia-2017-0001 |s2cid=193047993 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catchynomads.com/wandering-the-faroe-islands/|title=Wandering The Faroe Islands|date=14 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|England}}
| [[Geoffrey Chaucer]], [[William Shakespeare]], [[William Blake]], [[William Wordsworth]], [[Thomas Hardy]], [[W. H. Auden]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], [[Philip Larkin]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dltk-kids.com/poems/shakespeare/index.htm | title=Poetry by William Shakespeare }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reflections.live/articles/3376/in-an-honor-to-the-father-of-english-poetry-geoffrey-chaucer-4520-l1vzvsv5.html|title=In An Honor To 'The Father of English Poetry' - Geoffrey Chaucer|first=KOMAL|last=SHARMA|website=reflections.live}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=The Making of the National Poet - Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660-1769 |author=Michael Dobson |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-818323-5 |date=17 November 1994}}</ref><ref>Lachman, G. (2013). ''The Caretakers of the Cosmos: Living Responsibly in an Unfinished World''. United Kingdom: Floris Books.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitens.org/en/notices/william-wordsworth-worldly-recluse.html|title=William Wordsworth, the worldly recluse|website= Digitens}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialistworker.co.uk/socialist-review-archive/philip-larkin-racist-bigot-and-poet/|title=Philip Larkin, racist, bigot and poet|website=Socialist Worker}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
| [[Kristjan Jaak Peterson]], [[Lydia Koidula]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sisu.ut.ee/ewod/k/koidula|title=Lydia Koidula|first=Sven|last=Vabar|website=Sisu}}</ref><ref>''Weissmann Travel Planner for Western and Eastern Europe''. (1994:59). United States: Weissmann Travel Reports.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
| [[Eino Leino]], [[Johan Ludvig Runeberg]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Kansallisrunoilija pelkäsi kansaa |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9573989 |work=Yleisradio|year=2017 |publication-place=Helsinki |language=Finnish |access-date=2021-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=kansallisrunoilija |url=https://www.kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi/kansallisrunoilija |work=Kielitoimiston sanakirja |year=2020 |publication-place=Helsinki |publisher=Kotimaisten kielten keskus |language=Finnish |access-date=2021-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/scholars-antiquarians-and-orientalists-biographies/elias-lonnrot|title=Elias Lonnrot |website= Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Flanders}}
|[[Émile Verhaeren]], [[Hendrik Conscience]], [[Guido Gezelle]], [[Hugo Claus]]
|<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|{{flag|Friesland}}
| [[Gysbert Japiks|Gysbert Japicx]] (or Japiks)
|<ref>''Linguist''. (1962). United Kingdom: Linguists' Club..</ref>
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Molière]], [[Victor Hugo]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=Harold L. |title=The Poetic Image of the Soldier from Baudelaire to the First World War |journal=The South Central Bulletin |date=1967 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=23–33 |doi=10.2307/3188918 |jstor=3188918 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Hugo/Last-years-1870-85|title=Victor Hugo - French Poet, Novelist, Playwright|website= Britannica |date=18 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Galicia}}
|[[Rosalía de Castro]], [[Ramón Cabanillas]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/padron/attractions/casa-museo-rosalia-de-castro/a/poi-sig/1534131/1315865|title=Casa-Museo Rosalía de Castro|website=Lonely Planet}}</ref><ref>''The Harp and the Constitution: Myths of Celtic and Gothic Origin''. (2015). Netherlands: Brill.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Georgia}}
| [[Shota Rustaveli]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2021/11/two-new-fine-editions-of-georgias-national-poet.html|title=Two new fine editions of Georgia's national poet - European studies blog}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
| [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Friedrich von Schiller]], [[Heinrich Heine]], [[Bertolt Brecht]], [[Friedrich Hölderlin]], [[Novalis]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan George]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Elliott |first1=Mark |title=Beyond Left and Right: The Poetic Reception of Stefan George and Rainer Maria Rilke, 1933-1945 |journal=The Modern Language Review |date=2003 |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=908–928 |doi=10.2307/3737933 |jstor=3737933 |s2cid=161795959 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2015/08/poet-in-a-landscape.html|title=Poet in a landscape: the drawings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|website=blogs.bl.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789401202978 |title=Schiller: National Poet – Poet of Nations |date=2006 |last1=Martin |first1=Nicholas |isbn=978-94-012-0297-8 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/germanliterature/19th-century/heine|title=German Literature - Heine|website=sites.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karamercan |first1=Axel Onur |title=Heidegger on Hölderlin's Hymn Der Ister. The Dwelling of the Poet and the Place-Making of the River |journal=Synthesis Philosophica |date=29 December 2022 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=395–414 |doi=10.21464/sp37207 }}</ref><ref>Decker, G. (2018:157). ''[[Hesse: The Wanderer and His Shadow]]''. United States: Harvard University Press.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
| [[Homer]], [[Sappho]], [[Pindar]], [[Solon]], [[Dionysios Solomos]], [[Odysseus Elytis]]
|<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Homer}}</ref><ref>''Pindar: Victory Odes: Olympians 2, 7 and 11; Nemean 4; Isthmians 3, 4 and 7''. (1995:109). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2025/02/09/dionysios-solomos-greek-poet/|title=Dionysios Solomos: The Greek Poet of Liberty|first=Tasos|last=Kokkinidis|date=9 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Guernsey}}
| [[George Métivier]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.gg/guernsey-poet-george-metivier/|title=Guernsey poet George Métivier is born|date=29 January 1972}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}
| [[Sándor Petőfi]], [[János Arany]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://studyinhungary.hu/blog/sandor-petofi-the-revolutionary-poet-was-born-200-years-ago|title=Sándor Petőfi, the revolutionary poet was born 200 years ago - Study In Hungary|website=Study in Hungary}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02042/html/27.html | title=János Arany }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iceland}}
| [[Jónas Hallgrímsson]], [[Hallgrímur Pétursson]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/Jonas/Biography/Biography.1.html|title=Biographical Sketch of Jónas Hallgrímsson (1)|website=digicoll.library.wisc.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sigurdurarni.is/2020/03/27/hymns-of-the-passion-the-suffering-king/|title=Hymns of the Passion – The Suffering King|first=Sigurður Árni|last=Þórðarson|date=27 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
| [[Thomas Moore]], [[William Butler Yeats]], [[Seamus Heaney]], [[Patrick Pearse]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/declan-kiberd-irish-writers-were-an-early-warning-system-about-abuse-1.3260748|title=Declan Kiberd: Irish writers were an early warning system about abuse|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jdaa2urIpEC&q=%22national+poet%22&pg=PA55|title=Catholic Emancipations: Irish Fiction from Thomas Moore to James Joyce|first=Emer|last=Nolan|date=October 15, 2007|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=9780815631750 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1017/CBO9781107045330 |title=Irish Poetry under the Union, 1801–1924 |date=2013 |last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew |isbn=978-1-107-04533-0 |page=142 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://independentleft.ie/seamus-heaney-political-poems/|title=Did Seamus Heaney write political poems?|first=Ciarán|last=O'Rourke|date=October 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4KiEAAAQBAJ&q=%22National+poet%22%22+&pg=PT57|title=Seamus Heaney's American Odyssey|first=Edward J.|last=O’Shea|date=December 30, 2022|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781000816648 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrick Pearse: Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patrick-Henry-Pearse |access-date=2024-03-24 |website= Britannica |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Isle of Man}}
| [[Thomas Edward Brown|T. E. Brown]]
|<ref>{{Cite web| title=The Manx National Poet | url=https://manxnationalheritage.im/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/info-sheet-TE-Brown.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529234855/https://manxnationalheritage.im/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/info-sheet-TE-Brown.pdf | archive-date=2023-05-29}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
| [[Ovid]], [[Virgil]], [[Horace]], [[Dante Alighieri]], [[Francesco Petrarca]], [[Giosuè Carducci]], [[Giacomo Leopardi]], [[Ugo Foscolo]], [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]]
|<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ovid}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20210325/dante-day-how-italy-is-celebrating-its-national-poet|title=Dante Day: How Italy is celebrating its national poet|date=25 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virgil|title=Virgil: Biography, Aeneid, & Facts|date=19 February 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mikebygrave.co.uk/classics/horace.html|title=Horac|website=mike bygrave}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft30000518&chunk.id=d0e2851&toc.id=&brand=ucpress|title=Orphans of Petrarch|website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref><ref>Hroch, M. (2015). ''European Nations: Explaining Their Formation''. United Kingdom: Verso.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://villaruhland.com/gabriele-dannunzio/|work=Villa Ruhland |title=Gabriele D'Annunzio}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jersey}}
| [[Wace]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maisondenormandie.com/en/archives/news/symposium-wace-and-the-anglo-norman-language-le-style-de-wace-le-french-festival|title=SYMPOSIUM "WACE AND THE ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE" (LE STYLE DE WACE): Le French Festival|website=Maison de la Normandie et de la Manche}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kosovo}}
| [[Ali Podrimja]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cna.al/english/aktualitet/80-vjetori-i-poetit-ali-podrimja-perparim-kabo-a-duhej-kaluar-ne-hesh-i325397|title=The 80th anniversary of the poet Ali Podrimja/Parparim Kabo: Should it be passed in silence? He belongs to the Albanian nation... - Aktualitet|date=30 August 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}
| [[Rainis]], [[Andrejs Pumpurs]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Rainis/334102|title=Rainis|website=Britannica Kids}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004335400_004 |chapter=Commemorative Cults of Poets and Writers: A Historical Perspective |title=National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe |date=2017 |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |last2=Helgason |first2=Jón Karl |pages=35–70 |isbn=978-90-04-33539-4 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
| [[Kristijonas Donelaitis]], [[Maironis]], [[Justinas Marcinkevičius]], [[Adam Mickiewicz|Adomas Mickevičius]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/cordon/menu/eng/donelait_about_en.html|title=CorDon - About Donelaitis|website=titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004457713_016 |chapter=The Making of the Lithuanian National Poet: Maironis |title=Literary Canon Formation as Nation-Building in Central Europe and the Baltics |date=2021 |last1=KučInskienė |first1=Aistė |pages=256–272 |isbn=978-90-04-45771-3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O192048/1941-1952-poster-zilys-arunas/|title=1941-1952|first=Arunas|last=Zilys|date=12 March 1989|via=Victoria & Albert Museum}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| [[Dicks (writer)|Edmond de la Fontaine]], [[Michel Lentz]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://musicpublishers.lu/dicks-edmond-de-la-fontaine-1823-1891/|title=Dicks (Edmond de la Fontaine) (1823-1891) – Luxembourg Music Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.rtl.lu/luxembourg-insider/knowledge-bites/a/1765036.html|title=Knowledge Bites: Michel Lentz - Luxembourg's 'National Poet'|website=today.rtl.lu}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}
| [[Dun Karm Psaila]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/biography-dun-karm-psaila.1057851|title=Biography: (Dun) Karm Psaila|date=18 October 2023|website=Times of Malta}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}}
| [[Grigore Vieru]], [[Mihai Eminescu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emoldovata.gov.md/en/news/diaspora-commemorated-the-poet-grigore-vieru|title=Diaspora commemorated the poet Grigore Vieru|website=e Moldova ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moldpres.md/en/news/2017/01/15/17000309|title=Great national poet celebrated in Moldova at 167 years from birth|website=Moldpres}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Monaco}}
| [[Louis Notari]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MieDAAAAMAAJ |title=Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism |date=1991 |publisher=University of Prince Edward Island. |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
| [[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš]]
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
| [[Joost van den Vondel]], [[Jacob Cats]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/miscellaneous-european-literature-biographies/joost-van-den-vondel|title=Joost Van Den Vondel|website=Drouot.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drouot.com/en/l/15075048--cats-jacob-alle-de-wercken-am|title=CATS, Jacob Alle de wercken. Amsterdam J.J. Schipper 166…|website=Drouot}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
| [[Kočo Racin]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://makedonija.name/culture/kosta-solev-racin|title=Kosta Solev - Racin (1908-1943)|website=makedonija.name}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|North Ossetia-Alania}}
| [[Kosta Khetagurov]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kosta-Khetagurov|title=Kosta Khetagurov: Ossete poet|website=Britannica}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}
| [[Özker Yaşın]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stjelja |first=Ana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiqkEAAAQBAJ |title=Modern Talks on Poetry |date=2022-12-27 |publisher=Ukiyoto Publishing |isbn=978-93-5770-311-6 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
|[[Henrik Wergeland]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803121746241|title=Henrik Arnold Wergeland|website=Oxford Reference}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Occitania}}
|[[Frédéric Mistral]], [[Arnaut Daniel]], [[Bernart de Ventadorn]], [[Comtessa de Dia]]
|<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/30665955|title=Frédéric Mistral – poet and folk historian of Provence|first=Gwyn|last=Griffiths|work=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biographie d'ARNAUD ou ARNAUT DANIEL |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/arnaud-arnaut-daniel/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |date=19 January 1999 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ippolito |first=Marguerite-Marie |title=Troubadour Limousin du XIIème siècle, prince de l'amour et de la poésie romane |date=2003-01-11 |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |isbn=9782747500173}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-18 |title=Épisode 8 : Béatrice de Die, la vengeresse |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/podcasts/musique-nom-feminin/episode-8-beatrice-de-die-la-vengeresse-8914812 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=France Musique |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}
| [[Adam Mickiewicz]], [[Juliusz Słowacki]], [[Zygmunt Krasiński]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Giergielewicz |first1=Mieczysław |title=KRASIŃSKI IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD (A Bibliographical Review) |journal=The Polish Review |date=1960 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=68–102 |jstor=25776332 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}
| [[Luís de Camões]], [[Fernando Pessoa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luis-de-Camoes|title=Luis de Camoes: Biography & Facts |date=20 February 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pessoa-fernando-1888-1935|title=Pessoa, Fernando (1888–1935) |website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Provence}}
|[[Frédéric Mistral]], [[Comtessa de Dia]]
|<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto4"/>
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
| [[Mihai Eminescu]]
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Neghina |first1=Raul |last2=Neghina |first2=Adriana M |title=Medical Controversies and Dilemmas in Discussions about the Illness and Death of Mihai Eminescu (1850–1889), Romania's National Poet |journal=Medical Problems of Performing Artists |date=March 2011 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=44–50 |doi=10.21091/mppa.2011.1007 |pmid=21442137 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
| [[Alexander Pushkin]], [[Anna Akhmatova]], [[Boris Pasternak]], [[Sergei Yesenin]], [[Ivan Turgenev]], [[Ivan Bunin]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rees.sas.upenn.edu/about/spotlight/alexander-pushkin|title=Alexander Pushkin|date=12 September 2017|website=Russian and East European Studies}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=McVay |first1=Gordon |title=Yesenin's Posthumous Fame, and the Fate of His Friends |journal=The Modern Language Review |date=1972 |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=590–602 |doi=10.2307/3726127 |jstor=3726127 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Porter |first1=Richard N. |title=The Criteria of Turgenev's Literary Criticism |journal=The Russian Review |date=1969 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=441–452 |doi=10.2307/127163 |jstor=127163 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sápmi}}
| [[Anders Fjellner]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://saamihistoryblog.wordpress.com/category/3-saami-origin/ | title=3 – Saami Origin | date=3 February 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Scotland}}
| [[Robert Burns]], [[Hugh MacDiarmid]]
|<ref>MacDiarmid, H., MacGill-Eain, S. (2010:44). ''The Correspondence Between Hugh MacDiarmid and Sorley MacLean: An Annotated Edition''. United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/robert-burns|title=Robert Burns|date=11 March 2024|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}
| [[Desanka Maksimović]], [[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš]], [[Jovan Sterija Popović]], [[Jovan Jovanović Zmaj]]
|<ref>{{cite book|first1=Balazs |last1=Trencsenyi |first2=Michal |last2=Kopecek|title=National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpPWvubBL0MC&pg=PA431|date=1 November 2006|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-7326-60-8|page=431|quote=Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/when-nazis-killed-100-serbs-per-dead-german-in-yugoslavia/a-59568136|title=Nazis killed 100 Serbs per dead German – DW – 10/21/2021|website=dw.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Berend |first=Ivan T. |date=June 2003 |chapter=Romanticism and Nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe |title=History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century |pages=41–88 |url=https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/22816/chapter-abstract/183277906?redirectedFrom=fulltext |doi=10.1525/california/9780520232990.003.0003 |isbn= 9780520932098}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.openedition.org/ceup/2077|title=We, the People : Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe|first=Bojan|last=Aleksov|chapter=Jovan Jovanović Zmaj and the Serbian Identity between Poetry and History |series=CEUP collection |date=12 March 2009|publisher=Central European University Press|pages=273–305|isbn=978-615-5211-66-9 |via=OpenEdition Books}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
| [[Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asymptotejournal.com/blog/writer/pavol-orszagh-hviezdoslav/|title=Pavol Országh-Hviezdoslav – Writer(s) – Asymptote Blog}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
| [[France Prešeren]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/France-Preseren|title=France Prešeren: Slovenia's National Poet|date=4 February 2024|website= Britannica}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
| [[Miguel de Cervantes]], [[Lope de Vega]], [[Federico García Lorca]]
|<ref name="Esterhammer"/><ref>''Commemorating Writers in Nineteenth-Century Europe: Nation-Building and Centenary Fever''. (2014). United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Styria}}
| [[Peter Rosegger]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/47533/47533-h/47533-h.htm|title=The Forest Farm, by Peter Roseggerl|website= Project Gutenberg}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}
| [[Carl Michael Bellman]], [[Gustaf Fröding]], [[Verner von Heidenstam]], [[Esaias Tegnér]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.angloswedishsociety.org.uk/carl-michael-bellman/|title=Carl Michael Bellman|website=Anglo-Swedish Society |date=28 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.angloswedishsociety.org.uk/an-evening-with-gustaf-froding/|title=An Evening with Gustaf Fröding|website=Anglo-Swedish Society|date=26 February 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://luckerstad.se/en/our-rooms/verner-von-heidenstam-36493964 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518184520/http://luckerstad.se/en/our-rooms/verner-von-heidenstam-36493964 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |title=Verner von Heidenstam room |access-date=12 March 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|chapter-url=https://ernie.uva.nl/viewer.p/21/56/object/131-159107|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe|entry=Tegnér, Esaias|last=Hermansson|first=Gunilla |date=2018 |doi=10.5117/9789462981188/ngTA0P76gTqL0EgkMUsPdAsd|isbn=978-94-6298-118-8 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
| [[Gottfried Keller]], [[Carl Spitteler]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotelfelix.ch/konzeption-und-kunst/Beltracchi.ch/home-en.html|title=Hotel Felix Zürich – Wolfgang Beltracchi|website=Hotel Felix Zürich – Wolfgang Beltracchi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/miscellaneous-european-literature-biographies/carl-friedrich-georg-spitteler|title=Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler|website= Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tatarstan}}
| [[Ğabdulla Tuqay]], [[Musa Cälil]], [[Ravil Fayzullin]], {{Ill|Fänis Yarullin|tt|Фәнис Яруллин}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tatar Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities|url=https://www.ulastempat.com/international/tatar-leaders-and-icons-the-top-10-notable-personalities/|website=Ulastempat International|date=23 January 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Museum of national poet Ravil Fayzullin opens in Tatarstan|url=https://tatar-congress.org/en/news/museum-of-national-poet-ravil-fayzullin-opens-in-tatarstan/|website=[[World Congress of the Tatars]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Museum of poet Yarullin Fanis, Russia |url=https://partify.io/the-museum-of-poet-yarullin-fanis|website=[[pArtify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Icon "Monument to Musa Jalil"|url=https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/333907}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
| [[Yunus Emre]], [[Mehmet Akif Ersoy]], [[Nâzım Hikmet]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/mehmet-akif-ersoy-poet-of-turkish-national-anthem/1350125|title=Mehmet Akif Ersoy: Poet of Turkish national anthem|website=Anadolu Ajansi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/human-landscapes-my-country|title=Human Landscapes from My Country|website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
| [[Lesya Ukrainka]], [[Taras Shevchenko]], [[Ivan Franko]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shevchenko.ca/taras-shevchenko/article.cfm?article=1|title=Articles & Essays|website= Taras Shevchenko Museum - Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sculpturecenter.org/oosi/items/show/1044|title=Ivan Franko|website=Ohio Outdoor Sculpture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culture.pl/en/article/ukrainian-money-polish-literature-who-was-lesya-ukrainka|title=Ukrainian Money & Polish Literature: Who Was Lesya Ukrainka?|website=Culture.pl}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Wales}}
| [[Dylan Thomas]], [[Dafydd ap Gwilym]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lithub.com/the-canonization-of-dylan-thomas/|title=The Canonization of Dylan Thomas|first=Bernard|last=Schwartz|date=15 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1sv8mgEACAAJ|title=Dafydd ap Gwilym: y gŵr sydd yn ei gerddi|first=Gwyn|last=Thomas|date=12 March 2013|publisher=Cyhoeddiadau Barddas|isbn=978-1-906396-57-2 |via=Google Books}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=January 2026}}
|}

== North America ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country or Territory
!Poets
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|[[Kamau Brathwaite]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wasafiri.org/article/a-towering-figure-tribute-to-kamau-brathwaite-1930-2020/|title='A Towering Figure': Tribute to Kamau Brathwaite (1930-2020)|newspaper=Wasafiri Magazine|archive-date=26 March 2023|access-date=1 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115647/https://www.wasafiri.org/article/a-towering-figure-tribute-to-kamau-brathwaite-1930-2020/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
| [[Margaret Atwood]], [[E. Pauline Johnson]], [[E. J. Pratt]], [[Al Purdy]], [[Milton Acorn]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca/dominion/2|title=E.J. Pratt: Canada's National Poet · Dominion of the North: Literary & Print Culture in Canada|website=omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcbookworld.com/writer/purdy-al/|title=Purdy, Al|website=ABC BookWorld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canpoetry.library.utoronto.ca/acorn/index.htm|title=Milton Acorn|website=Canadian Poetry Online}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|[[Aquileo J. Echeverría]], [[Jorge Debravo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecostaricanews.com/meritorious-of-the-letters-patrias-aquileo-j-echeverria-zeledon/|title=Renowned Tico Writer Aquileo J. Echeverría Zeledón|work=TCRN|date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ticotimes.net/2012/04/25/u-s-woman-to-translate-and-publish-costa-rica-poetry|title=U.S. woman to translate and publish Costa Rica poetry|date=26 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|[[José Martí]], [[Lezama Lima]], [[Agustín Acosta (poet)|Agustín Acosta]] (1955), [[Nicolás Guillén]] (1961), [[Nancy Morejón]] (2018)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Lezama-Lima|title=José Lezama Lima: Cuban author|website=Britannica|date=21 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agustín Acosta papers, 1908-1998 |url=https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/1041153754 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=researchworks.oclc.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/nicolas-guillen|title=Nicolás Guillén|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Méndez-Méndez |first1=Serafín |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wubEEAAAQBAJ |title=Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: A Biographical Dictionary |last2=Cueto |first2=Gail |date=2003-07-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-09320-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrillo |first=Karen Juanita |date=2024-05-16 |title=Cuban poet and critic Nancy Morejón visits New York City |url=https://amsterdamnews.com/news/2024/05/16/cuban-poet-and-critic-nancy-morejon-visits-new-york-city/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=New York Amsterdam News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Curaçao}}''
|[[Pierre Lauffer]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/amsterdam-streets-named-after-camille-baly-enslaved-quashiba/|title=Amsterdam streets named after Camille Baly, enslaved Quashiba|date=3 August 2019|website=The Daily Herald}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|[[Pedro Mir]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/nation-world/2000/07/12/pedro-mir-poetic-voice-dominican/50477917007/|title=Pedro Mir, poetic voice of Dominican Republic|website=New Bedford Standard-Times}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|[[Roque Dalton]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/roque-dalton/|title=Roque Dalton|first=James|last=Iffland|website=ReVista}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Greenland}}''
|[[Henning Jakob Henrik Lund]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenousamericacalendar.org/2020/09/29/september-29-1875/|title=September 29, 1875|date=29 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Guadeloupe}}''
|[[Guy Tirolien]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COFrAAAAMAAJ |title=Expression magazine |date=1988 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|[[Rafael Landívar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/rafael-landival-monument-34352.html|title=Rafael Landival Monument in Antigua, Guatemala|website=GPSmyCity}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|[[Oswald Durand]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncis.academia.edu/AmyLynelle|title=Amy Lynelle|website=National Coalition of Independent Scholars}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|[[Roberto Sosa (poet)|Roberto Sosa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thelatinoauthor.com/countries/poetry/honduran-poets-2/|title=Honduran poets|work=The Latino Author}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|[[Claude McKay]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brinkerhoffpoetry.org/poets/claude-mckay|title=Claude McKay|website=Brinkerhoff Poetry}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Martinique}}
|[[Aimé Césaire]]
|<ref>Bate, J. (2013). The Genius of Shakespeare. United Kingdom: Pan Macmillan.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=My Scottish Travelogue |work=British Council | url=https://caribbean.britishcouncil.org/programmes/arts/momentum/johana-auguiac/scottish-travelogue | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101234634/https://caribbean.britishcouncil.org/programmes/arts/momentum/johana-auguiac/scottish-travelogue | access-date=2025-05-13 | archive-date=2017-11-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Octavio Paz]], [[Ramón López Velarde]], [[Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mexicocity.cdmx.gob.mx/venues/poeta-ramon-lopez-velarde-house-museum/|title=Casa del Poeta Ramon López Velarde: A Poet's House in Roma Norte|work=Agencia Digital de Innovación Pública}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|[[Rubén Darío]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neville |first=Tim |date=2017-11-27 |title=The Inescapable Poet of Nicaragua |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/27/travel/nicaragua-dario-poet.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Panama}}
|[[Ricardo Miró]]
|<ref name= bio>{{cite book |first= Mike |last= Daniel Balderston |title= Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900-2003 |publisher= Routledge |year= 2004 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gamNThQUZvEC&q=ricardo+mir%C3%B3+poet&pg=PA356 |isbn= 0-415-30687-6 |page= 666}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hackwriters.com/DrBuitrago.htm|title=hackwriters.com - Ruben Dario, Nicaragua's poet of vision, the cultural invasion of Central America and remains of a Central American dreams of renewal, Roger Smith explores Leon|website=Hack Writers}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Puerto Rico}}
|[[Julia de Burgos]], [[Giannina Braschi]], [[Juan Antonio Corretjer]], [[Lola Rodríguez de Tió]], [[Nimia Vicéns]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/obituaries/overlooked-julia-de-burgos.html|title=Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)|work=The New York Times |date=May 3, 2018|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Tió|first=Elsa|date=2020-08-12|title=Nimia Vicéns: Corazón de la patria con semillas silvestres en sus versos|language=es|trans-title=Nimia Vicéns: Heart of the country with wild seeds in her verses|work=El Adoquín Times|url=https://eladoquintimes.com/2020/08/12/nimia-vicens-corazon-de-la-patria-con-semillas-silvestres-en-sus-versos/|access-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204025120/https://eladoquintimes.com/2020/08/12/nimia-vicens-corazon-de-la-patria-con-semillas-silvestres-en-sus-versos/|archive-date=2021-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rojas|first=Enrique|date=2015-02-02|title=Cuba y Puerto Rico tienen la presión|language=es|trans-title=Cuba and Puerto Rico Have the Pressure|work=[[ESPN Deportes.com]]|url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/blogs/index?entryID=2289780&name=enrique_rojas&redirected=true|access-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009002219/https://espndeportes.espn.com/blogs/index?entryID=2289780&name=enrique_rojas&redirected=true|archive-date=2021-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=García|first=Marta Yazmín|date=2008-11-07|title=Alabanza al poeta nacional|trans-title=Praise to the national poet|url=https://www.uprm.edu/news/articles/as2008168.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910084201/https://www.uprm.edu/news/articles/as2008168.html|archive-date=2015-09-10|access-date=2021-10-08|website=[[University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez]]|language=es}}</ref><ref>Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Pittsburgh, 2020. {{ISBN|9780822946182}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Quebec}}
|[[Émile Nelligan]], [[Gaston Miron]], [[Gilles Vigneault]], [[Octave Crémazie]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biographie / Hommage à Émile Nelligan, poète national des Québécois |url=https://manuscritdepot.com/a.emile-nelligan.01.htm |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=Fondation littéraire Fleur de Lys}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-04-02 |title=Gaston Miron, Poetic Voice of Quebec Nationalism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/02/archives/gaston-miron-poetic-voice-of-quebec-nationalism-key-word-is-quebec.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabourin |first=Éric |date=18 October 2018 |title=Gilles Vigneault en récital : le poète qui dansait chante encore et conseille son public de vivre d'une confiante sérénité |url=https://lesartsze.com/gilles-vigneault-en-recital-le-poete-qui-dansait-chante-encore-et-conseille-son-public-de-vivre-dune-confiante-serenite/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |work=Les ArtsZé |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crémazie, Octave National Historic Person |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1352 |website=PC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artpublicmontreal.ca/en/oeuvre/monument-a-louis-octave-cremazie/|title=Monument à Louis-Octave Crémazie|website=Art Public Montréal}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|[[Derek Walcott]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/books/review/the-poetry-of-derek-walcott-1948-2013.html|title=Poet of the Caribbean (Published 2014)|first=Teju|last=Cole|work=The New York Times |date=February 21, 2014|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|''{{flag|Sint Maarten}}''
|[[Lasana M. Sekou]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/art-leisure/20181230/lasana-m-sekou-paths-love-labour-liberation|title=Lasana M. Sekou - Paths of Love, Labour, Liberation|date=30 December 2018|website=jamaica-gleaner.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/national-poet-of-st-maarten-honoured-with-anniversary-show-the-daily-herald/|title='National poet' of St. Maarten honoured with anniversary show |publisher=The Daily Herald |website=SXM Talks|date=3 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|[[E. M. Roach]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramcharitar |first=Raymond |title=Poetry and nationalism |url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.430584.855921dec0 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=The Guardian: Trinidad and Tobago |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[Walt Whitman]], [[Emily Dickinson]], [[Robert Frost]], [[William Carlos Williams]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], [[Carl Sandburg]], [[Maya Angelou]], [[Gwendolyn Brooks]], [[Langston Hughes]], [[Jack Kerouac]], [[James Wright (poet)|James Wright]], [[Allen Ginsberg]]
|<ref name="ijas.iaas.ie">Nathanael O'Reilly, "[http://ijas.iaas.ie/index.php/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass{{'-}}]", ''Irish Journal of American Studies''.</ref><ref name="O'Reilly">{{cite journal |last1=O'Reilly |first1=Nathanael |title=Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass |journal=Irish Journal of American Studies |date=2009 |volume=1 |pages=1–9 |url=http://ijas.iaas.ie/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/did-recluse-emily-dickinson-become-americas-national-poet/|title=How did recluse Emily Dickinson become America's national poet?|first=Charlotte|last=Runcie|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/celebrating-robert-frost-american-poet|title=Celebrating Robert Frost: An American Poet|website=smithsonianassociates.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blackvoicenews.com/2016/03/08/celebrating-maya-angelou-in-the-face-of-conservative-criticism/|title=Celebrating Maya Angelou in the Face of Conservative Criticism|first=S. E.|last=Williams|date=8 March 2016|website=Black Voice News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/gwendolyn-brooks|title=Gwendolyn Brooks|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/our-national-poets|title=Our National Poets|website=Poets.org}}</ref><ref>Cusic, D. (1991:82). The poet as performer. United Kingdom: University Press of America.</ref>
|}

==Oceania==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country
!Poets
|{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|[[Dorothea Mackellar]], [[Mary Gilmore]], [[Judith Wright]], [[Henry Lawson]], [[Adam Lindsay Gordon]], [[A. B. Paterson|A. B. "Banjo" Paterson]], [[C.J. Dennis]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-the-archives-1922-henry-lawson-australia-s-poet-of-the-bush-dies-20220814-p5b9qo.html|title=From the Archives, 1922: Henry Lawson, Australia's poet of the bush, dies|author=Staff Writers|date=1 September 2022|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adamlindsaygordon.org/gordons-works/|title=Gordon's Poems}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/43609|title="Banjo" Patterson, Australian poet and author of "Waltzing Mathilda" is born in the New South Wales outback |website=House Divided}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|[[James K. Baxter]], [[Thomas Bracken]], [[Allen Curnow]]
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ojs.victoria.ac.nz/kotare/article/download/700/511/606 | title=Thomas Bracken, 1843 – 1898 | author=Paul Hunt}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tonga}}
|[[Konai Helu Thaman]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hereniko |first1=Vilsoni |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5uMnqE9fZQC |title=Inside Out: Literature, Cultural Politics, and Identity in the New Pacific |last2=Wilson |first2=Rob |date=1999 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-9143-2 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==South America==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country
!Poets
!{{Refh}}
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[José Hernández (writer)|José Hernández]], [[Jorge Luis Borges]], [[Leopoldo Lugones]]
|<ref>James Woodall, ''Borges: A Life'', Basic Books (1996). {{ISBN|0-465-04361-5}}. Relevant excerpt [https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/w/woodall-borges.html available] on the ''New York Times'' web site, accessed 9 March 2007.</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|[[Rosendo Villalobos]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIiT234E6z8C |title=Bulletin of the Pan American Union |date=1929 |publisher=The Union |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[Gonçalves Dias]], [[Olavo Bilac]], [[Carlos Drummond de Andrade]], [[Machado de Assis]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antonio-Goncalves-Dias|title=Antônio Gonçalves Dias: Romanticism, Indigenous Peoples, Lyrical Poetry|website=Britannica|date=6 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Olavo Bilac: Biography and Poems|work=Brazilian Poetry|url=https://www.brazilianpoetry.com/2021/05/olavo-bilac-biography-and-poems.html|access-date=2021-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2012/nov/13/carlos-drummond-de-andrade-brazil-poet|title=What now for Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Brazil's national poet?|first=Ángel|last=Gurría-Quintana|date=13 November 2012|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afroriowalkingtour.com/joaquim-maria-machado-de-assis|title=Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis|website=Afro-Rio Walking Tour}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|[[Pablo Neruda]], [[Gabriela Mistral]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/gabriela-mistral|title=Gabriela Mistral|website=National Women's History Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dev-lts.web.lehigh.edu/|title=-Pablo Neruda · 40. Whitman @ 200 · Lehigh Library Exhibits|website=Library & Technology Services @ Lehigh University}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|[[Rafael Pombo]], [[José Asunción Silva]], [[Álvaro Mutis]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.colombiaone.com/2023/09/22/rafael-pombo-poet-colombia/|title=Rafael Pombo: The Immortal Poet of Colombian Children's Literature|first=Luis|last=Ospino|date=22 September 2023|website=Colombia One: News from Colombia and the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://erm.yale.edu/people/david-francis|title=David Francis, Residential College Dean - Grace Hopper College |website=Ethnicity, Race, and Migration}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|[[José Joaquín de Olmedo]], [[Remigio Crespo Toral]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henderson |first=Peter V. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8hmmuVa7zUC |title=Gabriel García Moreno and Conservative State Formation in the Andes |date=2009-09-15 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-77941-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecuadorianliterature.com/remigio-crespo-toral/|title=Remigio Crespo Toral - Ecuadorian Literature|date=28 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Guyana}}
|[[Martin Carter]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH/H00680X/1|title=GtR|website=gtr.ukri.org}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[César Vallejo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tarnmoor.com/2014/02/24/he-died-in-paris-after-all/|title=He Died in Paris After All|date=25 February 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|[[Trefossa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paramaribospan.blogspot.com/2009/09/seen-trefossa.html|title=Seen: Trefossa, by Ida Does}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|[[Juan Zorrilla de San Martín]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/mastertalent/detail/103359/Zorrilla_de_San_Martn_Juan|title=Juan Zorrilla de San Martín|website=Discography of American Historical Recordings}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
| [[Andrés Eloy Blanco]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translatingcuba.com/the-day-the-prisoners-are-freed-in-venezuela-14ymedio-carlos-alberto-montaner/|title=The Day the Prisoners Are Freed in Venezuela / 14ymedio, Carlos Alberto Montaner|date=10 January 2016|website=Translating Cuba}}</ref>
|}

==See also==

* [[Poet laureate]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YINYl4iv4ecC&pg=PA11 Figures of National Poets]'' (2004)
* Edward Whitley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gk6Zff3J4kC American Bards: Walt Whitman and Other Unlikely Candidates for National Poet]'' (2010)
* Michael Dobson, ''[https://archive.org/details/makingofnational00dobs The Making of the National Poet]'' (1992)
* Josep R. Llobera, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yKgCPOXcuxEC&pg=PA38 Foundations of National Identity]'' (2004)

{{Global Poets Laureate|state=autocollapse}}
{{Lists of poets}}
{{National symbols}}

[[Category:Lists of poets|National poets]]
[[Category:National symbols|Poet]]
[[Category:Poets]]

Abdul Latif

2026-03-08T05:15:08Z

Alihaiderhussain: creating first article added tags!

'''Abdul Latif''' ({{langx|ar|عبد اللطيف|translit=ʻAbd al-Laṭīf}}) is a Muslim male given name and, in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ''[[Abd (Arabic)|ʻabd]]'' and ''al-Laṭīf'', one of the [[names of God in the Qur'an]], which gave rise to the [[List of Arabic theophoric names|Muslim theophoric names]].<ref name=ahmed>{{cite book| title=A Dictionary of Muslim Names| author=Salahuddin Ahmed| publisher = Hurst & Company| location=London| year=1999}}</ref><ref name=rahman> {{cite book| title=A Dictionary of Muslim Names| author= S. A. Rahman| publisher=Goodword Books| location=New Delhi| year=2001}}</ref> It means "servant of the All-gentle".

The letter <nowiki>''</nowiki>a<nowiki>''</nowiki> of the <nowiki>''</nowiki>al-<nowiki>''</nowiki> is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by <nowiki>''</nowiki>e<nowiki>''</nowiki>. So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abd-al. The second part may appear as Latif, Lateef or in other ways. The whole name is subject to variable spacing and hyphenation.

The surname is used by Muslims and also by Orthodox Christians in Lebanon.

It may refer to:

== People ==
{{Incomplete list |date=March 2024}}
=== Given name ===
*[[Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (medieval writer)]] (1162–1231), Iraqi physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveller
*[[Abd al-Latif ibn Muhammad Taraghay Ulughbek]] (ca. 1420–1450), Timurid ruler of Transoxiana
*[[Ghabdellatif of Kazan]] (born {{circa|1475}}), khan of Kazan Khanate, 1496–1502
*Shah Abdul Latif Kazmi, known as [[Bari Imam]] (1617–1705), Indian Sufi
*[[Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai]] (1689–1752), Sindhi Sufi scholar, mystic, saint, poet, and musician
*[[Nawab Abdul Latif]] (1828–1893), Bengali educator and social worker
*[[Sahibzada Abdul Latif]] (1853–1903), Afghan executed for heresy
*Abdullah Abdul Latif Al Othman (1895–1965), Kuwaiti businessman
*[[Abdul Latif Tibawi]] (1910–1981), Palestinian historian
*Abdul Latif Chowdhury, known as [[Saheb Qibla Fultali]] (1913–2008), Bangladeshi Islamic scholar
*[[Abdel Latif Boghdadi (politician)]] (1917–1999), Egyptian politician, air force officer, and judge
*[[Abdul Latif (musician)]] (1927–2005), Bangladeshi musician
*[[Abdellatif Filali]] (1928–2009), Moroccan politician and diplomat
*[[Abdul Latif Dayfallah]] (born 1930), Yemeni politician
*[[Abdel Latif El Zein]] (born 1932), Lebanese politician
*[[Abdul Latif Galadari]] (born 1939), Emirati Businessman
*[[Abdul Latif Hakimi]], Afghan, Taliban spokesman
*[[Abdul Latif (cricketer)]] (1939–2026), Pakistani cricketer and cricket administrator in Bangladesh
*[[Abdul Latief (Indonesian businessman)]] (born 1940), businessman and politician
*[[Abdellatif Laabi]] (born 1942), Moroccan poet
*Abdul [[Latif Afridi]] (born 1943), Pakistani lawyer
*[[Abdul Latif Siddiqui]] (born 1943), Bangladeshi politician
*[[Abdul Latif Rashid]] (born 1944), Iraqi politician; current [[President of Iraq]]
*[[Abdul Latif Sharif]] (1947–2006), Egyptian-American convicted of rape and murder
*[[Abdul-Latif Ali al-Mayah]] (ca. 1949–2004), Iraqi academic and politician
*Ǧamīl ʿAbdu 'l-Laṭīf al-Bannāʾ, or just [[Jamil al-Banna]] (born 1952), Jordanian arrested in Gambia, now a refugee in Britain
*Jamaal Abdul-Lateef (born 1953), American basketball player better known as [[Jamaal Wilkes]]
*[[Abdul Latif (restaurateur)]] (1954–2008), Bangladeshi-British curry house owner
*[[Abdellatif Abdelhamid]] (born 1954), Syrian film director
*[[Abdüllatif Şener]] (born 1954), Turkish politician
*[[Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani]] (born 1955), fifth Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Secretary General
*[[Abdou Latif Guèye]] (1956–2008), Senegalese politician
*[[Abdellatif Kechiche]] (born 1960), Tunisian actor and film director
*[[Abdul Latif Pedram]] (born 1963), Afghan politician
*[[Abdul Latif Nasir]] (born 1965), Moroccan held in Guantanamo
*[[Abdulatif Al-Ameeri]] (born 1966), Kuwaiti politician
*Yahya Abd-al-Latif Ayyash, known as [[Yahya Ayyash]] (1966–1996), Palestinian Hamas fighter
*[[Abdelatif Benazzi]] (born 1968), Moroccan-French Rugby footballer
*[[Abdellatif Jrindou]] (born 1974), Moroccan footballer
*[[Walid Salah Abdel Latif]] (born 1977), Egyptian footballer
*[[Abdelatif Chemlal]] (born 1982), Moroccan runner
*[[Abdellatif Meftah]] (born 1982), Moroccan-French runner
*[[Abdellatif Boutaty]] (born 1983), Moroccan Rugby footballer
*[[Abdel Latif Ahmed]] (born 1983), Egyptian volleyball player
*[[Abdelatif Bahdari]] (born 1984), Palestinian footballer
*[[Abdulatif Al-Ghanam]] (born 1985), Saudi footballer
*[[Ismaeel Abdullatif]] (born 1986), Bahraini footballer
*Abdul-[[Latif Salifu]] (born 1990), Ghanaian footballer
*Faysal Abd al-Latif al-Shaabi, or just [[Faysal al-Shaabi]] (died 1971), South Yemen politician
*[[Abdul Lateef (Fijian lawyer)]] (died 2008), lawyer and politician
*[[Abdel Latif Moussa]] (died 2009), Palestinian religious and political activist
*Abdul [[Latif Ahmadi]], Afghan film director
*[[Ahmed Abd Ellatif]]
*[[Wael Abdul Latif]], Iraqi politician
*[[M.Abdul Lathief]], Indian politician in Tamil Nadu
*[[Abdul Latiff Ahmad]], Malaysian politician
*[[Abdul Latif Ibrahimi]], Afghan politician
*[[Abdul Latif (Pakistani politician)]], Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from [[Chitral]] (2024–2029)
* [[Abdul Latif (Bangladeshi politician)]] (died 2001)
* [[Sheikh Abdul Latif]], Indian footballer
* [[Abdul Latif (criminal)]] (1951–1997), Indian underworld don
* [[Abdul Latif (Indian politician)]] (1912–1991)

=== Other ===
*Jumah Mohammed Abdul Latif Al Dossari, or just [[Juma al-Dossary]], Bahraini held in Guantanamo
*[[Leila Abdul-Latif]], Iraqi politician
*[[Mohd Zakry Abdul Latif]], Malaysian badminton player
*[[Osama Abdul Latif]], Sudanese businessman
*Siti Fauziah Sheikh Abdul Latiff, or just [[Fauziah Latiff]] (born 1970), Malaysian singer and actress

==References==
<references/>

{{given name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abd al-Latif}}
[[Category:Arabic-language masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]
[[Category:Turkish masculine giv Abdul Hadi kuraishi Abdul Hadi

names]]

Hapa–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Superfast Express

2026-03-07T17:26:26Z

Alihaiderhussain:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Hapa–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Superfast Express
| logo =
| image = Hapa svdk express train.jpg
| image_width = 330
| caption = Hapa
-SVDK Express At [[Panipat Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1990|01|01}}
| last =
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Hapa}} (HAPA)
| stops = 29
| end = {{stnlnk|Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra||SMVD Katra}} (SDVK)
| distance = {{convert|2059|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 32 hrs 45 mins
| frequency = Weekly.{{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12475 / 12476
| speed = {{convert|59|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 12475/12476 '''Hapa–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Superfast Express''' is a [[Express trains in India|Superfast]] train of the Indian Railways connecting {{stnlnk|Hapa}} in [[Gujarat]] and {{stnlnk|Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra}} of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It is currently being operated with 12475/12476 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=5249&did=1457596103716A8982B6F6FE88C3C04927B8A66C1F3DD.web107 Cancellation/Partial Cancellation/Regulation Of Trains Due To Traffic Blocks On Pathankot- Jammu Tawi Section]</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jat-quota-row-western-railways-cancels-4-train-as-agitation-continues-2179755 | title=Jat quota row: Western Railways cancels 4 train as agitation continues| date=2016-02-19}}</ref><ref>[http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=2804&id=0,4,268 WR EXTENDS SEVERAL TRAINS UPTO SHRI MATA VAISHNO DEVI KATRA]</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/northern-railway-extends-12-trains-to-katra/125875.html Northern Railway extends 12 trains to Katra]</ref>

== Coach composition ==

This train now has new modern [[LHB coach|LHB rakes]] replaced by outdated [[ICF coach|ICF rakes]]. The train consists of 22 coaches:

* 2 AC II Tier
* 5 AC III Tier
* 10 Sleeper Coaches
* 1 Pantry Car
* 2 General
* 2 End On Generation

== Service ==

The 12475/Hapa–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Superfast Express has an average speed of 62 km/h and covers 2059 km in 33 hrs 10 mins.

The 12476/Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra–Hapa Superfast Express has an average speed of 63 km/h and covers 2059 km in 32 hrs 35 mins.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Hapa}}
* {{stnlnk|Rajkot Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Wankaner Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Surendranagar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Viramgam Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Nadiad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Anand Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Chhayapuri||Chhayapuri (Vadodara)}}
* {{stnlnk|Godhra Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Dahod}}
* {{stnlnk|Meghnagar}}
* [[Bamnia railway station|Bamnia]]
* {{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Nagda Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Vikramgarh Alot}}
* {{stnlnk|Shamgarh}}
* [[Bahwni Mandi|Bahwani Mandi]]
* {{stnlnk|Ramganj Mandi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kota Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Sawai Madhopur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bharatpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Mathura Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}}
* {{stnlnk|New Delhi}}
* {{stnlnk|Panipat Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ambala Cantonment Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ludhiana Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalandhar Cantonment Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Pathankot Cantonment}}
* {{stnlnk|Kathua}}
* {{stnlnk|Jammu Tawi}}
* [[Martyr Captain Tushar Mahajan Udhampur railway station|MCTM Udhampur]]
* {{stnlnk|Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra}}

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 12475 || HAPA || Hapa || 08:30 AM || Tuesday || Katra || 17:40 PM || Wednesday
|-
| 12476 || SVDK || Katra || 09:55 AM || Monday || Hapa || 18:30 PM || Tuesday
|}

== Traction ==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Vatva|Vatva Loco Shed]]-based [[WDM-3A]] diesel locomotive from Hapa to {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}} and from Ahmedabad Junction, it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive or by [[WAP-7]] or [[WAP-4]] of [[Electric Loco Shed, Ghaziabad|Ghaziabad Loco Shed]] up till [[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station|Katra]] and vice versa.

== Rake sharing ==

This train shares its rake with

* 12471/12472 [[Swaraj Express]]
* 12473/12474 [[Gandhidham–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Sarvodaya Express]]
* 12477/12478 [[Jamnagar–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Superfast Express]]

== See also ==

* [[Ahmedabad Junction railway station]]
* [[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/793 12475/Hapa–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Superfast Express]
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/598 12476/Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra–Hapa Superfast Express]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hapa-Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Sarvodaya Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Jamnagar]]
[[Category:Transport in Katra, Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1990]]

Andaz (1949 film)

2026-03-03T23:11:28Z

Alihaiderhussain: updated page based on references and improved wording

{{Short description|1949 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = {{Lang|hi-latn|Andaz}}
| image = Andaz 1949 film poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Mehboob Khan]]
| producer = [[Mehboob Khan]]
| writer = [[S. Ali Raza]]
| screenplay = [[S. Ali Raza]]
| story = Shums Lucknavi
| starring = [[Dilip Kumar]] [[Nargis]] [[Raj Kapoor]]
| music = [[Naushad]]
| cinematography = [[Faredoon Irani]]
| editing = Shamsudin Kadri
| studio = [[Mehboob Studio]]
| distributor = [[Mehboob Khan|Mehboob Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1949|3|21||df=y}}
| runtime = 147 mins
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
}}
'''{{Lang|hi-latn|Andaz}}''' ({{translation|Style}}) is a [[Bollywood films of 1949|1949]] [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Hindi film|Hindi language]] [[romantic drama film]], directed by [[Mehboob Khan]], with music by [[Naushad]]. The film stars [[Dilip Kumar]], [[Nargis]], and [[Raj Kapoor]] in a [[love triangle]], with [[Cukoo]] and [[Murad (actor)|Murad]] in supporting roles. The film's music was provided by [[Naushad]] and lyrics by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]. It is the only film to feature Dilip Kumar and Raj Kapoor together onscreen.<ref name=rediff/>

At the time of its release, {{Lang|hi-latn|Andaz}} was the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film ever]], until its record was broken by Raj Kapoor's ''[[Barsaat (1949 film)|Barsaat]]'' that same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ==|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016234445/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ==|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2013|title=Top Earners Box Office 1949|website=Box Office India website|access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref><ref name=rediff/>

Dilip Kumar's performance was profoundly appreciated by the critics of the time and was credited for drawing public to cinema halls for an otherwise alien subject.<ref>{{Citation |last=Divyansh Srivastava |title=IMG 20221225 142200 |date=2022-12-25 |url=http://archive.org/details/img-20221225-142200 |access-date=2022-12-25}}</ref>

==Plot==
Neena ([[Nargis]]) is the spoiled daughter of a rich businessman ([[Murad (actor)|Murad]]). One day, while horse riding, she loses control of her horse and is rescued by a young man named Dilip ([[Dilip Kumar]]). Dilip instantly takes a liking to her and starts to frequently visit her house where he entertains her with his singing along with Neena's friend Sheela ([[Cukoo]]). Neena's father dislikes this; he tries to make her realise that spending so much time with Dilip is not wise, as Dilip might misconstrue their friendship as love. On the day of Sheela's birthday party, Dilip realises he has fallen in love with Neena and tries to tell her. However, tragedy strikes on the same day when Neena's father dies of a heart attack, leaving Neena devastated. Dilip comforts her and Neena gives him the responsibility of looking after her father's business and staying in a spare room at her home.

Dilip tries to confide in Neena about his feelings for her but is shocked when her fiancé Rajan ([[Raj Kapoor]]) returns from [[London]]. Rajan and Neena eventually get married, and Dilip finally reveals his true feelings for Neena on the wedding day. Neena is shocked by Dilip's revelation as she thinks of him only as a friend. Dilip tries to leave but stays to avoid any suspicion from Rajan.

A few years later, Rajan and Neena are the parents of a daughter. On their daughter's birthday, Dilip arrives with a present. When the electricity cuts off and causes a blackout in their home, Neena tries to secretly tell Dilip that she does not love him and that he should leave, unaware that she has said all this to Rajan. Rajan accuses Neena of having an affair with Dilip, and Dilip decides to clear Rajan's misunderstanding. He confronts Rajan and tries to convince him that he is wrong about Neena. In a fit of rage, Rajan attacks Dilip rendering him unconscious. He leaves home and takes his daughter with him. Neena comes to Dilip's aid and tells a doctor to save him as he is proof that she has not cheated on Rajan. When Dilip awakens, he is half mad and tries to molest Neena, insisting she really is in love with him. Neena grabs a gun and shoots Dilip, killing him instantly, and is then imprisoned.

Rajan testifies against Neena in court about her affair with Dilip and how she killed him to hide her infidelity. While Neena awaits the judge's verdict, Rajan tells his daughter that she is not coming back and tears up the doll that Dilip had given her on her birthday. Inside the doll, he finds a letter Dilip had written for Neena, saying that Rajan is the fortunate one whom she loves and he has realized this now. Upon reading the letter, Rajan realizes he had been wrong about Neena and that Neena loved only him. The judge sentences Neena to life imprisonment and Rajan and his daughter come to see her before she is taken away.

==Cast==
*[[Dilip Kumar]] - Dilip<ref name=rediff>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/14dinesh.htm|url-status=dead|title=Andaz: An Ode to Love - a film review|author=Dinesh Raheja|archive-date=7 October 2023|access-date=12 June 2024|website=Rediff.com website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007110338/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/14dinesh.htm}}</ref>
*[[Nargis]] - Neena<ref name=rediff/><ref name=Upperstall>{{cite web|url=https://upperstall.com/film/andaz/|archive-date=4 December 2023|url-status=dead|author=Karan Bali|title=Andaz (1949 film) - a film review|website=Upperstall.com website|access-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204100407/https://upperstall.com/film/andaz/}}</ref>
*[[Raj Kapoor]] - Rajan<ref name=rediff/><ref name=Upperstall/>
*V. H. Desai - Professor Devdas Dharamdas Trivedi
*[[Cuckoo Moray|Cuckoo]] - Sheila (Neena's friend)
*[[Murad (actor)|Murad]] - Badriprasad (Neena's father)
*Anwari Bai
*Amir Bano
*Jamshedji
*Abbas
*Wasker
*Abdul
*Dyke (Child)

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Andaz
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Naushad]]<ref name=Upperstall/>
| cover =
| released = 1949
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Mela (1948 film)|Mela]]
| prev_year = 1948
| year = 1949
| next_title = [[Chandni Raat]]
| next_year = 1949
}}
Vocals were supplied by [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] (for Kumar), [[Lata Mangeshkar]] (for Nargis), and [[Mohammed Rafi]] (for Kapoor).
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jhoom Jhoom Ke Nacho Aaj<ref name=Upperstall/>
| lyrics1 = [[Prem Dhawan]]
| extra1 = [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
| length1 = 4:11
|
| title2 = Koi Mere Dil Mein Khush Ban Ke Aaya
| lyrics2 = [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
| extra2 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length2 = 2:32
|
| title3 = Hum Aaj Kahin Dil Kho Baithe<ref name=Upperstall/>
| lyrics3 = Majrooh Sultanpuri
| extra3 = Mukesh
| length3 = 2:58
|
| title4 = Meri Ladli Re, Bani Hai Taaron Ki Tu Rani
| lyrics4 = Majrooh Sutlanpuri
| extra4 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length4 = 2:56
|
| title5 = Tu Kahe Agar, Jeevan Bhar Mein Geet Sunata Jaoon<ref name=rediff/><ref name=Upperstall/>
| lyrics5 = Majrooh Sultanpuri
| extra5 = Mukesh
| length5 = 3:29
|
| title6 = Uthaye Ja Unke Sitam<ref name=Upperstall/>
| lyrics6 = Majrooh Sultanpuri
| extra6 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length6 = 3:14
|
| title7 = Toote Na Dil Toote Na<ref name=Upperstall/>
| lyrics7 = Majrooh Sultanpuri
| extra7 = Mukesh
| length7 = 2:43
|
| title8 = Tod Diya Dil Mera
| lyrics8 = Majrooh Sultanpuri
| extra8 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length8 = 4:44
|
| title9 = Yun To Aapas Mein Bigadte Hain<ref name=rediff/>
| lyrics9 = Majrooh Sultanpuri
| extra9 = Lata Mangeshkar, [[Mohammed Rafi]]
| length9 = 3:10
|
| title10 = Darr Na Mohabbat Karle<ref name=rediff/>
| lyrics10 = Majrooh Sultanpuri
| extra10 = [[Shamshad Begum]], Lata Mangeshkar
| length10 = 3:01
|
| total_length = 32:58
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0041123|title=Andaz}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DH4hqByGgbE Full movie on YouTube]
*[http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/14dinesh.htm {{Lang|hi-latn|Andaz}}, a classic revisited]

{{Mehboob Khan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andaz (1949 film)}}
[[Category:1949 films]]
[[Category:1949 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1949 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1949 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mehboob Khan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Naushad]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Detective (2007 film)

2026-03-03T21:33:28Z

Alihaiderhussain: small changes

{{Distinguish|text=the Hong Kong neo-noir film, [[The Detective (2007 film)]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Detective
| image = Detective Malayalam film.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Jeethu Joseph]]
| producer = Mahi
| writer = Jeethu Joseph
| starring = [[Suresh Gopi]] [[Sindhu Menon]]
| music = Rajamani
| cinematography = [[Anandakuttan]]
| editing = P. C. Mohanan
| distributor = Super Release
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|02|16}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Detective''''' is a 2007 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[crime thriller]] film written and directed by [[Jeethu Joseph]] in his directorial debut. The film stars [[Suresh Gopi]] in a dual role and [[Sindhu Menon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/detective-review-malayalam-pclwlMjeefgha.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818054822/http://www.sify.com/movies/detective-review-malayalam-pclwlMjeefgha.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2016|title=Detective|website=[[Sify]] |publisher=}}</ref> It was a box-office success.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-07-14 |title=Unforgettable Dectective roles in Mollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/unforgettable-dectective-roles-in-mollywood/photostory/53192852.cms?picid=53192904 |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Rashmi is found dead under mysterious circumstances and her death is reportedly declared a suicide. Rashmi's family is in a deep sorrow and her father Prabhakaran Thampi blames his son-in-law Mohan Kumar, a bold politician, for his daughter's death. Soon, everyone starts doubting Mohan and the party terminates him from being elected as an [[Member of parliament|MP]] and appoints his friend Jose as the new MP. However, Jose didn't believe any false statements of the society and was sure of Mohan's innocence. [[Superintendent (police)|SP]] James Joseph convinced everyone of Mohan being the culprit and arrests him briefly. A suicide note is found where its written that Mohan is reason for Rashmi's death.

As the case proceeds, Mohan's evil step-brother Shyam Prasad, a well known police detective and investigator is appointed to investigate the case. He is assisted by Basheer, Shekhar, Rajeev and Aravind. Everyone tries hard to find out the reason behind Rashmi's apparent suicide. Shyam and team go to Rashmi's house to enquire her whereabouts. Her father doesn't say much but claims that Mohan was the actual reason for Rashmi's death. Suresh, their relative gives further clarification about Mohan's and Rashmi's marriage. Shyam continues his investigation further. After many researches and gathering proofs such as fingerprints, Shyam discovers that the Rashmi's suicide note was fabricated by James and John Samuel and her death was not a suicide, but a murder. John Samuel and James decide to get rid of Shyam and send some goons in order to finish him off. But Shyam courageously defeats all and arrests James and John Samuel.

In a conference with the [[Director General of Police|DGP]] and the [[Chief Minister]], Shyam puts forth the facts, to the people in the conference Hall that Rashmi's death was a murder, where everyone gets shocked. Shyam reveals that Rashmi was actually pretending to love Mohan after she realised Mohan's plan of being the MP and she avoided her boyfriend who was her problem when she decided to marry Mohan. Shyam reveals that Rashmi was killed by her boyfriend Sumesh, who was Rashmi's and Mohan's neighbour. The crowd begin having doubts, on how a simple man like Sumesh could kill his own girlfriend. Shyam and team brings Sumesh's friend Vinod to gather more information about the events that had happened the night when Sumesh reached Rashmi's house. Shyam also takes in Sumesh to question him why on he had done it. But Sumesh maintains that he hasn't killed Rashmi. However, when Shyam and his colleagues provoke him, he gets in a rage and finally admits that he killed Rashmi, saying that Shyam and team have no proof regarding the murder. He injures himself and rushes back to the conference Hall to fool everyone. But whatever he disclosed to Shyam was already displayed on a screen. Shyam knew how Sumesh had done it and Sumesh reveals everything.

In a flashback, Sumesh and Rashmi were lovers from childhood. Even though both had fallen in love with each other, Rashmi soon began avoiding Sumesh as per her family's wish. Sumesh understands her and tells her to follow her parents' wish. But shortly, he visits her in order to deliver milk and overhears her conversation with her parents. He came to know that it was Rashmi who wanted to marry Mohan and her parents were against it, as they were afraid of the insecurities in marrying a politician and she was cheating Sumesh all the while. So in order to seek revenge, Sumesh decided to kill Rashmi after she married Mohan. He seeks the help of Vinod and got addicted to drugs. He learned the schedule of Rashmi in the absence of Mohan and stole the key of Rashmi's bedroom to make a duplicate. One night after arriving from [[Bangalore]], Sumesh rushes towards Rashmi's house without her knowledge. Meanwhile, Mohan went away from the house after an argument with Rashmi. Sumesh waited for his chance and brought the required tools along with a bottle of strong poison with him. At first he poisoned a jar of milk kept in the room. But the plan failed. Subsequently, he had climbed up a ladder to reach the ventilator and attached some pieces of plastic pipes after tying a thread on its end. As Rashmi slept, Sumesh bought the thread quietly to Rashmi's mouth. He then sent poison to Rashmi's mouth via the pipe and thread. That was how Rashmi lost control and died. After that he burnt all the materials including bottles, gloves and dropped the bottle that contained poison to make everyone believe that it was a suicide.

Back to the present, Shyam further explains that he understood the method of murder by observing the poison drops being dropped from Rashmi's bed to the ventilator in a straight line and often the drops were of different sizes. He further explains that the culprit had entered the house to switch off the inverter. This was to keep the ceiling fan out of use in order to hold the thread used for the murder steady. The police arrests Sumesh and the [[Director General of Police|DGP]] and [[Chief Minister]] appreciate Shyam while Rashmi's family apologizes to Mohan as his innocence was proven. Mohan and Shyam happily smile at each other. The film ends as Shyam and team leave the conference hall.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Suresh Gopi]] in a dual role as:
** Detective Commissioner Shyam Prasad
** Politician Mohan Kumar
* [[Sindhu Menon]] as Reshmi, Mohan's wife
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Saikumar]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] James Joseph [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as [[Director general of police|DGP]] Krishnamoorthy [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Madhu Wariar|Madhur Warriar]] as Detective [[Inspector|CI]] Basheer
* [[Subair]] as John Samuel
* [[Prem Prakash]] as [[Chief minister|Chief Minister]] Narayanan
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Detective ASI Chandrachoodan
* Kalabhavan Prajod as Sumesh
* [[Babu Namboothiri]] as Prabhakaran Thampi, Reshmi's father
* [[Ponnamma Babu]] as Devaki, Reshmi's mother
* [[T. P. Madhavan]] as Raghavan
* [[Cochin Haneefa]] as Shivaraman
* [[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Thankachan
* [[Baiju Santhosh]] as Suresh
* [[Madhupal]] as Kumbalam Jose
* [[Joju George]] as Detective [[Inspector|SI]] Shekhar
* [[Koottickal Jayachandran]] as Ashokan, Sumesh's brother
* Baiju V.K. as Police Inspector
* Cherthala Lalitha as Reshmi's servant
* Suresh Prem as Vinod
* [[Subi Suresh]] as Journalist
* [[Jagannatha Varma]] as Father Gabriel
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0972800|title=Detective}}

{{Jeethu Joseph}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Detective (2007 Film)}}
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian spy thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jeethu Joseph]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]

Anjada Gandu (2014 film)

2026-03-03T21:19:52Z

Alihaiderhussain: added a data.

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anjada Gandu
| image = Anjada Gandu movie poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = Pradeep Raj
| producer = {{unbulleted list|Sharath Kumar|Pradeep Raj}}
| writer = [[Ezhil]]
| screenplay = Pradeep Raj
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Manam Kothi Paravai]]'' (Tamil) by [[S. Ezhil]]}}
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Sathish Ninasam]]|[[Subiksha]]|[[T. S. Nagabharana]]|[[Suman (actor)|Suman]]}}
| narrator =
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| cinematography = {{unbulleted list|Ramesh Chakravarthy}}
| editing = {{unbulleted list|Solomon|Vinod Manohar}}
| production_companies = {{unbulleted list|Indrajala Movies|Sharath Combines}}
| distributor = B Vottige Pictures
| released = {{film date|2014|1|31|df=yes}}
| runtime = 134 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Anjada Gandu''''' ({{langx|kn|ಅಂಜದ ಗಂಡು}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada]] romantic [[comedy film]] directed by Pradeep Raj, and starring [[Sathish Ninasam]] and debutant actress [[Subiksha]]<ref name=FilmiBeat/> in lead roles.<ref name="Times of India"/><ref name=Filmibeat>{{cite web
|last1=staff
|title=Anjada Gandu - Movie Review: Lucia Hero Is Back
|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/reviews/2014/anjada-gandu-movie-review-130993.html
|publisher=Filmibeat|accessdate=29 September 2014
|date=14 September 2014}}</ref> A remake of the 2012 [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film, ''[[Manam Kothi Paravai]]'',<ref name="Deccan Herald"/><ref name="Bangalore Mirror"/> ''Anjada Gandu'' is Sathish Neenasam's first commercial film as a solo hero,<ref name="Times of India 2">{{cite news
|last1=Sharanya
|first1=C R
|title=Anjada Gandu is my first commercial movie as a solo hero: Sathish Neenasam
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Anjada-Gandu-is-my-first-commercial-movie-as-a-solo-hero-Sathish-Neenasam/articleshow/29307377.cms
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|work=[[Times of India]]
|date=24 January 2014}}</ref> and was released 31 January 2014.<ref name="Deccan Herald">{{cite news
|last1=Viswanath
|first1=S
|title=A mad caper that chokes than cheers
|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/384081/a-mad-caper-chokes-cheers.html
|accessdate=29 October 2014
|work=[[Deccan Herald]]
|date=1 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Book My Show"/><ref name="Chitra Loka">{{cite web
|last1=staff
|title=Anjada Gandu Movie Review
|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/4502-anjada-gandu-review.html
|publisher=chitraloka.com
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|date=30 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="Sify 1"/><ref name="Vijaykarnataka Indiatimes">{{cite news
|last1=Mahesh
|first1=H.
|title=ಅಂಜದ ಗಂಡು: ಹಳೇ ಬಾಟಲಿ ಹೊಸ ಮದ್ಯ
|url=http://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29674904.cms
|accessdate=29 October 2014
|date=1 February 2014
|work=[[India Times]]
|language=Kannada}}</ref><ref name="Kannada Prabha">{{cite news
|last1=Sagar
|first1=Navin
|title=ಸಂತೋಷ, ಆಹಾ ಆಹಾ... ಸಂ'ಗೀತಾ' ಓಹೊ ಓಹೊ...
|url=http://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/review/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7-%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE-%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE-%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE-%E0%B2%93%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8A-%E0%B2%93%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8A/170676.html
|accessdate=29 October 2014
|date=2 February 2014
|publisher=Kannada Prabha
|language=Kannada}}</ref>

==Plot==
Young Santhu ([[Sathish Ninasam|Satish Neenasam]]) assists his father ([[T.S. Nagabharana]]) in construction work, and is in love with his neighbour Geetha ([[Subiksha]]). Unfortunately, Geetha's father ([[Suman (actor)|Suman]]) and uncles are the village's biggest bullies. When Santhu reveals his love to Geetha, he is shocked to find that a [[planned marriage]] for Geetha had been arranged for her by her father.

Santhu's friends kidnap Geetha to prevent the union, and when ultimately Geetha and Santhu are caught together, her father and uncles give Santhu a beating and he is chased from the village.
Returning two years later, Santhu discovers that Geetha has not married. Still in love, he goes to her house and pleads with her to marry him. Her father catches the two together and demands he leave, but this time with Geetha.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Sathish Ninasam]] as Santhu
* [[Subiksha]] as Geetha Gowda
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Bette Gowda
* [[T. S. Nagabharana]] as Santhu's father
* [[Raju Talikote]]
* [[Chikkanna]]
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]]
{{div col end}}

==Production==
To lend a rural backdrop to the film, major portions of the film were shot in [[Karnataka, India]] in the [[Mandya]]<ref name="Times of India 2"/> and [[Kodagu district]]s,<ref name="Times of India 4"/> as well as in [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]].<ref name="Sify 3">{{cite news
|last1=staff |title=Climax shooting for Anjada Gandu!
|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/climax-shooting-for-anjada-gandu-news-kannada-ngllz8bgfahsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010125906/http://www.sify.com/movies/climax-shooting-for-anjada-gandu-news-kannada-ngllz8bgfahsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 October 2014 |accessdate=29 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]] |date=11 June 2013}}</ref> Production cast Sathish based upon his work in drama film projects.<ref name="New Indian Express">{{cite news|last1=Sharadhaa|first1=A|title=Ready for the Next Challenge|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Ready-for-the-Next-Challenge/2014/01/28/article2023975.ece|accessdate=29 October 2014|publisher=[[New Indian Express]]|date=28 January 2014|archive-date=20 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220211446/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Ready-for-the-Next-Challenge/2014/01/28/article2023975.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was Subhiksha's first Kannada project, marking her [[Cinema of Karnataka|Sandalwood]] debut.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lokesh|first1=Vinay|title=Language is no barrier: Subiksha|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Language-is-no-barrier-Subiksha/articleshow/22836038.cms|accessdate=29 October 2014|work=[[Times of India]]|date=21 September 2013}}</ref>
The film's title is taken from the original ''[[Anjada Gandu]]'' film, which released in 1988.<ref name="Times of India 4">{{cite news
|last1=Lokesh, Vinay
|title=Anjada Gandu first look
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Anjada-Gandu-first-look/articleshow/24186173.cms
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|work=[[Times of India]]
|date=15 October 2013}}</ref> Reported in July 2013 as nearing completion,
<ref name="Times of India 5">{{cite news
|last1=Lokesh
|first1=Vinay
|title=Anjada Gandu shoot nears completion
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Anjada-Gandu-shoot-nears-completion/articleshow/21160982.cms
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|work=[[Times of India]]
|date=19 July 2013}}</ref> the project was completed with no delays,<ref name="Sify 2">{{cite news
|last1=staff
|title='Anjada Gandu' completes shoot in a single schedule
|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anjada-gandu-completes-shoot-in-a-single-schedule-imagegallery-kannada-nlsmdUehjidsi.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011075442/http://www.sify.com/movies/anjada-gandu-completes-shoot-in-a-single-schedule-imagegallery-kannada-nlsmdUehjidsi.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=11 October 2014
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|website=[[Sify]]|date=2013}}</ref> entered [[post production]] during October 2013,<ref name="Times of India 3">{{cite news
|last1=staff
|title=Anjada Gandu shoot complete
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Anjada-Gandu-shoot-complete/articleshow/24774413.cms
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|work=[[Times of India]]
|date=27 October 2013}}</ref> and had its audio launch during November 2013.<ref name="Times of India 6">{{cite news
|last1=Lokesh
|first1=Vinay
|title=Anjada Gandu audio launched
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Anjada-Gandu-shoot-nears-completion/articleshow/21160982.cms
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|work=[[Times of India]]
|date=22 November 2013}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Anjada Gandu
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[D. Imman]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 2014
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Jilla (soundtrack)|Jilla]]
| prev_year = 2014
| next_title = [[Ninaivil Nindraval (2014 film)|Ninaivil Nindraval]]
| next_year = 2015
}}

The film's soundtrack was released by Anand Audio. Lyricists were [[K. Kalyan]], [[Sathish Ninasam]], and V. Nagendra Prasad. Playback singers were Akanksha Badami, [[Anuradha Bhat]], Nakul Jaidev, [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Santhosh (actor)|Santhosh]], Sathish Ninasam, and [[Vijay Prakash]].<ref name=Moviebuff>{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Anjada Gandu (2014)|url=http://www.moviebuff.com/anjada-gandu|publisher=Moviebuff|accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref> The film's music is from [[D. Imman]]'s original work on ''Manam Kothi Paravai'', as remake rights to the music were sold for use in ''Anjada Gandu'' by MKP's production.<ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=D.Imman's discordant tweet|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/d-immans-discordant-tweet-news-kannada-nlzjFSeaajesi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119182449/http://www.sify.com/movies/d-immans-discordant-tweet-news-kannada-nlzjFSeaajesi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 November 2014|accessdate=29 October 2014|website=[[Sify]]|date=25 November 2013}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Dang Dang
| lyrics1 = V. Nagendra Prasad [[K. Kalyan]]
| extra1 = Santhosh, Akanksha
| length1 =
| title2 = Olagolagenu
| lyrics2 = K. Kalyan
| extra2 = Nakul
| length2 =
| title3 = Hogele
| lyrics3 = K. Kalyan
| extra3 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Anjada Gandu
| lyrics4 = [[Sathish Ninasam]]
| extra4 = Ajay Warrier, [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Anjada Gandu
| lyrics5 = Sathish Ninasam
| extra5 = [[Sathish Ninasam]], Anuradha Bhat
| length5 =
| title6 = Matthe Matthe
| lyrics6 = K. Kalyan
| extra6 = [[Vijay Prakash]], Anuradha Bhat
| length6 =
}}

==Reception==
''Book My Show'' gave the film a rating of 73%,<ref name="Book My Show">{{cite web
|last1=staff
|title=Anjada Gandu (Kannada) (U/A)
|url=http://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/anjada-gandu-kannada/ET00019977#ixzz3ElVxm7QG'
|publisher=Book My Show
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|date=31 January 2014}}</ref> and [[One India|One India's]] 'Filmibeat' gave it 3 out of 5 stars and generally praised the film, noting that in her debutant role of Geetha, Subhiksha "performed her role as an innocent village girl beautifully",<ref name=FilmiBeat/> and "Neenasam Sathish, who had already caught the attention of the moviegoers as a typical village guy even before Lucia, is mind blowing in his acting".<ref name=FilmiBeat/> They appreciated the comedic timing of Chikkanna and Raju Taalikote, writing that the film's question of whether or not Geetha's family should take revenge on Santhu "forms the crux of the story, which should be enjoyed on silver screen."<ref name=FilmiBeat>{{cite web
|last1=staff
|title=Anjada Gandu - Movie Review: Lucia Hero Is Back
|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/reviews/2014/anjada-gandu-movie-review-130993.html
|publisher=[[One India]]
|accessdate=29 October 2014
|date=14 September 2014}}</ref>

''[[Times of India]]'' was perplexed as to why director Pradeep Raj recycled an old film theme with only cosmetic touches. They praised actor Satish Neenasam for his ability to deliver a decent Kannada dialect but, because his dialogue was occasionally too fast and not comprehensible, it was felt he needed to improve his expression. They also felt that Subhiksha could have done a better job in her role of Geetha. The music of D Imam was given good marks.<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=G. S.
|title=review: ''Anjada Gandu''
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Anjada-Gandu/movie-review/29696171.cms
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|work=[[Times of India]]
|date=1 February 2014}}</ref>

''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars. Though the film was intended to be a romantic comedy, they felt the comedy was only in the dialogue, writing "The film starts as a comedy (mostly aided by the dialogues) and then turns to a drama and ends with the usual sentiment saga". Actor Chikkanna was praised for his carrying comedy moments with "his rustic mannerisms and dialogues", but "Too many incidents are packed into the narrative, and it slows down the pace." They felt it was "entertaining enough", but that it would have benefited from directorial finesse. It was concluded that the film "is not a compulsive watch, but it has its endearing moments."<ref name="Bangalore Mirror">{{cite news
|last1=Prasad S
|first1=Shyam
|title=Movie review: Anjada Gandu
|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Anjada-Gandu/articleshow/29618140.cms
|accessdate=29 September 2014
|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]
|date=30 January 2014}}</ref>

''[[Sify]]'' concluded their review of plot and acting by writing, "Seems like remakes work better for Pradeep Raj who is happy with his comeback. Though the music is just an average element, the movie as a package is quite entertaining and worth a watch for once."<ref name="Sify 1">{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Movie Review : Anjada Gandu|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anjada-gandu-review-kannada-15048328.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211055028/http://www.sify.com/movies/anjada-gandu-review-kannada-15048328.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2014|accessdate=29 September 2014|website=[[Sify]]|date=30 January 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anjada Gandu}}
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:2014 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pradeep Raj]]

April 1 Vidudala

2026-03-03T18:19:46Z

Alihaiderhussain: typo fix

{{Short description|1991 film by Vamsy}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = April 1 Vidudala
| image = April 1 Vidudala.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Vamsy]]
| producer = P. V. Bhaskar Reddy
| screenplay = Vamsy [[Krishna Bhagavan]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''Harischandrudu Abaddhamaadithe''|Kolapalli Eswara Rao M. I. Kishan}}
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Shobhana]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[M. V. Raghu]]
| editing = Uma Shankar Babu
| studio = Poorna Teja Creations & [[Sri Sravanthi Movies]] {{small|(presents)}}
| released = {{film date|df=y|1991|2|1}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''April 1 Vidudala''''' ({{translation|April 1 release}}) is a 1991 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Vamsy]]. An adaptation of the novel ''Harischandrudu Abaddhamaadithe'',<ref name=":0" /> the film stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] and [[Shobana]] in lead roles. The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title='ఏప్రిల్‌ 1 విడుదల' కథేంటి?|trans-title=What's the story of April 1 Vidudala?|url=https://www.sitara.net/sithara-special/april1release-rajendraprasad-shobhana-vamsi/19501|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108184537/https://www.sitara.net/sithara-special/april1release-rajendraprasad-shobhana-vamsi/19501 |archive-date=8 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-06|website=[[Eenadu|Sitara]]|language=te}}</ref>

The film received [[Nandi Awards|Nandi Award]] for [[Nandi Award for Best Audiographer|Best Audiographer]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2010-03-13|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964 - 2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964 - 2008)|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2015 |access-date=3 January 2021|website=|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|page=74|language=te}}</ref> It was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Sathyavan]]'' (1994) and in [[Kannada]] as ''Mr. Harishchandra'' (2001).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Harishchandra |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mr_harishchandra |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Rotten Tomatoes |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins at [[Vizianagaram]], where Diwakaram, a videographer, arrives from [[Rajahmundry]] to shoot a wedding. Inadvertently, it goes under trouble for a dowry when Bhuvaneswari, a dauntless & dignified railway booking clerk, resists and vows to ensure. Diwakaram falls for her in that flash, learns she is single, and says she will get to Rajamandry soon on transfer. He gains details of Bhuvaneswari from her maternal uncle Jagannatham, that she aspires to knit a man of proper pride & honesty. Anyhow, her rapacious mother possesses a son-in-law with all riches. Diwakaram traps Jagannatham, and he promises to convince Bhuvaneswari somehow and sends him back. Diwakaram resides in the Railway Colony, where diverse employees of various mindsets stay together: Dr. Krupamani, guardian of Divakaram and raised him as her foster child, Chinna Rao, married twice and lusts for colleague Rama Murthy's wife, Bhagyam. Bhagyam maintains an affair with their neighbor, Tamilian Rajan—Murthy & his wife, Varalakshmi, who lawlessly conducts the chit fund. Sharma is a suspended worker who acolytes to Diwakaram.

Right now, Diwakaram declares to start a [[video rental shop]] to impress Bhuvaneswari as a well-settled man. Firstly, he trickily acquires permission from Krupamani to use the front portion to construct his shop. To secure the capital, Diwakaram gimmicks with the residents based on their weaknesses, i.e., blackmailing Bhagyam & Rajyam to reveal their matter, cheating Chinna Rao to fuse him with Bhagyam, and [[Chit fund|claims a chit]] from Murthy's couple, which he never was a member of, and so on. Ultimately, he opens the shop, makes quick money through fraud, and does everything Bhuvaneswari & her mother aspire to. Parallelly, he regularly receives letters from Bhuvaneswari, as if she is in love with him. All the creditors fight for their returns but can not demand since Diwakaram's central assert, his ruffian best friend Gopichand, whose presence is a terror.

The tale twists into a severe case: the area [[Circle Inspector]]'s son Sundar Kumar deceives Gopi's sibling Bala, who conceives. Hence, enraged Gopi slaughters Sundar Kumar in a football match, which Diwakaram accidentally records. Whereat, Sharma warns him to destroy it, which Diwakaram initially denies. Later, he covertly burns the tape to get away with it.

Meanwhile, Bhuvaneswari lands when Diwakaram immediately approaches her. Startlingly, she behaves unbeknownst to him when Diwakaram realizes that Jagannatham put him in a trance to escape from his pester. From there, Diwakaram shadows Bhuneswari to convince her across all styles, but it backfires. So, vexed, Bhuvaneswari sets a deal with Diwakaram to get rid of him. She would give consent to their splice only if he did not utter a lie during this period, which ends on April 1, and the two signed the agreement.

The time starts, though Diwakaram thinks it quickly, which throws him into severe problems. He unveils everyone's no secrets, such as Bhagyam's amour to Ram Murthy, Chinna Rao's enticement of her to Bhagyam & his wives, and Murthy & Varalakshmi's chit-fund swindling, etc, which leads to harsh clashes. Still, people are too scared to question owing to Gopi. Above all, Diwakaram clears all the debts when Chinna Rao becomes a heart attack victim, and the doctor states that do not reveal it to him. Yet, Diwakaram speaks the truth, and Chinna Rao passes away.

The colony folks plot against Diwakaram and choose to seek revenge against him by starting a rift between him and Gopi. Just a day before the deal ends, Gopi wins the football trophy (by bootleg), and a celebration is arranged. On that occasion, the colony folks set up Diwakaram to display the facts regarding Gopi. However, he stands firm in his vow and opens up about Gopi's secrets - his wrong road winning, Bala's pregnancy & abortion, and his crimes including murder and counterfeiting. The Police apprehend Gopi but he is acquitted due to a lack of evidence. To get even, he locks up Diwakaram by exposing that he sells illicit films when Bhuvaneswari bails him, discerning his sincerity. Krupamani is conscious of the deal, and she pleads with Divakaram to flee, but he refuses. Sharma talks back off-guard concerning Sundar Kumar's murder, which Diwakaram taped.

Overhearing it, Gopi's sidekick notifies him who schemes to slay Diwakaram that night. Ergo, Gopi announces a reward to whoever lays hold of him in the colony. Hereupon, residents & Gopi's henchmen hunt Diwakaram. Being gravely injured, Krupamani takes him home. Suddenly, Gopi onslaughts when Krupamani stabs him to guard Diwakaram. Currently, Diwakaram lies by taking the crime on his behalf. At last, Bhuvaneswari admires him, affirming that he has won her heart despite losing the deal. Krupa Mani confesses the actuality, and Diwakaram releases nonguilty. Finally, the movie ends happily with him accessible from the agreement and Bhuvaneswari ready for their nuptial.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Divakaram
* [[Shobana]] as Bhuvaneswari
* [[Krishna Bhagavan]] as Gopichand
* [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Chinna Rao
* [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Sharma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/190519/rallapalli-venkata-narasimha-rao-a-protean-telugu-artiste.html|title=Rallapalli Venkata Narasimha Rao: A protean Telugu artiste|last=kavirayani|first=suresh|date=2019-05-19|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022091701/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/190519/rallapalli-venkata-narasimha-rao-a-protean-telugu-artiste.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sakshi Ranga Rao]] as Murthy
* [[Pradeep Shakthi]] as V. P. Jaganatham, Bhuvaneswari's uncle
* Bheemaraju as Rama Murthy
* [[Kallu Chidambaram]] as Ragpicker
* [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]] as Dr. Krupamani, guardian of Divakaram
* [[Jayalalitha (Telugu Actress)|Jayalalita]] as Bhagyam
* Jaya Vijaya as Bhuvaneswari's mother
* [[Y. Vijaya]] as Murthy's wife
* [[L.B. Sriram]] as Barber
* [[Kameswari Gudla]] as Chinna Rao's Second Wife
}}

==Production==
The film was shot in one location in two weeks.

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = April 1 Vidudala
| type = film
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1991
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 25:09
| label = Echo Audio
| producer = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| prev_title = [[Aditya 369]]
| prev_year = 1991
| next_title = [[Chaitanya (film)|Chaitanya]]
| next_year = 1991
}}

Music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. Music was released on Echo audio label.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=April 1 Vidudala (1991) |url=https://www.raaga.com/telugu/movie/april-1-vidudala-songs-A0000009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022091705/https://www.raaga.com/telugu/movie/april-1-vidudala-songs-A0000009 |archive-date=22 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-22 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The song "Chukkalu Temmanna" was reused from Raja's own song "Chithirai Sevvanam", which was composed for ''[[Kaatrinile Varum Geetham]]'' (1978).

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:09
| title1 = Chukkalu Themanna Teesukurana
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]]
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 5:09
| title2 = Okkate Aasa
| lyrics2 = Sirivennela Sitaramasastri
| extra2 = Mano, K. S. Chithra
| length2 = 4:43
| title3 = Nijamante Nippe kaada
| lyrics3 = Sirivennela Sitaramasastri
| extra3 = Mano
| length3 = 5:00
| title4 = Ompula Vaikhari
| lyrics4 = Sirivennela Sitaramasastri
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length4 = 5:04
| title5 = Matante Matenanta
| lyrics5 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length5 = 5:00
| length8 =
| title10 =
| length9 =
| title9 =
| length6 =
| title8 =
| length7 =
| title7 =
| title6 =
| length10 =
}}

== Reception ==
K writing for [[Sakshi (newspaper)|''Sakshi'']] in February 2017, appreciated the writing of Vamsy and the performance of Rajendra Prasad. K noted the similarity between ''April 1 Vidudala'' and the American film ''[[Liar Liar]]'' (1997) which is also shares a similar plot point, where the protagonist who is habituated to lying starts speaking truth.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2017-05-19|title=మోసకారి బతుకు నుంచి బయటపడేసే|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-april-1na-vidudala-477109|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Sakshi|language=te|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109044420/https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-april-1na-vidudala-477109|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0251588}}

{{Vamsy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vamsy]]
[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1991 Indian films]]
[[Category:1991 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on Telugu novels]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajahmundry]]

Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad

2026-03-02T14:12:17Z

Alihaiderhussain: minor expand content additionally and added references for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date = October 2020}}
{{Infobox university
| motto = In Pursuit of Technical Excellence
| name = Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad
| other_name = G.E.C.A
| image =
| image_size =
| type = [[Technical education]] and Research institution
| established = 1960
| principal = Dr. Sanjay Dambhare
| city = [[Aurangabad]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|19|52|0.38|N|75|19|24.1|E|display=inline}}
| logo = Government engineering College Aurangabad.jpg
| website = {{URL|geca.ac.in}}
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]],<ref>[http://www.naac.gov.in/images/docs/ACCREDITATION_STATUS/Institutions-accredited-by-NAAC-whose-accreditation-period-is-valid-as-on-August-2019.xls NAAC list]</ref> [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]]<ref>https://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/Get_Institute_Id.pdf AICTE</ref>
}}

'''Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad ''' ('''GECA''') is an autonomous engineering Institute in [[Maharashtra]] state of India. It is affiliated with the [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]] and was established in 1960. The construction of the college was started in 1957 and was completed in 1960. Later on, it included the extension building that presently houses the Electronics and Telecommunication Department, Computer Science Engineering Department and Master of Computer Application Department. The recently constructed classroom complex houses the classes of first year students of all branches along with the Information Technology Department.

== Departments ==

=== Civil engineering ===

Civil engineering is a traditional branch of engineering and is amongst the founding courses when the institution was started. The department is located in the 'Annexe' building of the college. The Department of Civil Engineering conducts both full time and part time undergraduate courses in Civil engineering. It also conducts a postgraduate programme in Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, and a part time Post-Graduate programme in Soil Engineering.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad|url=http://geca.ac.in/dep-civil-home.aspx|access-date=2020-09-08|website=geca.ac.in}}</ref>

=== Electronics and telecommunication engineering ===
The Department of E&TC started U.G. Course B.E.(E&TC) in 1986 with sanctioned intake of 40, enhanced to 60 in 1996. Department also runs full time Post Graduate Course M.E. (EC) and Recognized Research centre leading to Ph.D. (Electronics Engineering). Part time BE (E&TC) and part time ME (EC) are also run to give opportunity to working graduates and diploma holders.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad|url=http://geca.ac.in/dep-entc-home.aspx|access-date=2020-09-08|website=geca.ac.in}}</ref>

=== Computer science and engineering ===
The Department of CSE started U.G. Course B.E.(CSE) in 1986 with a sanctioned intake of 40, later enhanced to 60 in 1996. The Department also runs the full time Post Graduate Course M.E. (CSE) and Recognized Research centre leading to Ph.D. (Computer Science and Engineering). Part time BE (CSE) and part time ME (CSE) are also run to give the opportunity to working graduates and diploma holders.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad|url=http://geca.ac.in/dep-cse-home.aspx|access-date=2020-09-08|website=geca.ac.in}}</ref><ref>[https://nagamas69pro.website2.me/ NAGAMAS69]</ref>

== Student life ==

=== Team Cybrotics (Robotics Club Of GECA) ===
Team Cybrotics of Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad is a group of robotics enthusiasts who have been fabricating robots since 2010. They have been participating in [[ABU Robocon]], an International Robotic Contest<ref>https://nagamas69pro.website2.me/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref> for last 9 years. The National level competition ([[Robocon India]]) of ABU Robocon is being organised by [[Doordarshan]] and the winner of this national level competition gets the chance to represent India at the international level.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RAISe|url=http://robocon.geca.ac.in/|access-date=2020-09-08|website=robocon.geca.ac.in}}</ref>

=== Team Techrovers ===
The Team Techrovers of Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad is a team of students working in the field of robotics and automation since 2019. This team has worked on many UAVs, open source robots, EVs, and combat robotics, earning awards including state and national level prizes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RAISe|url=http://techrovers.website2.me/|access-date=2021-04-12|website=techrovers.website2.me}}</ref>

== See also ==
Other Government Engineering [[Colleges]] (GECs) in Maharashtra:

* [[College of Engineering, Pune]]
* [[Government College of Engineering, Amravati]]
* [[Government College of Engineering, Chandrapur]]
* [[Government College of Engineering, Karad]]
* [[Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology]], Nanded
* [[Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute]], Mumbai

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Government College Of Engineering, Sambhaji Nagar }}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Education in Aurangabad]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1960]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in Maharashtra]]

2019 Sunrisers Hyderabad season

2026-02-27T14:27:56Z

Alihaiderhussain: added article

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019]]
| coach = [[Tom Moody]]
| captain = [[Kane Williamson]] [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]{{Efn|name=fn1}}
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]] (Capacity: 38,000)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/tight-security-for-ipl-matches/article26668430.ece|title=Tight security for IPL matches|website=The Hindu|date=29 March 2019|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref>
| comp1 = [[2019 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Playoffs (4th)
| prevseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2018|2018]]
| nextseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2020|2020]]
| most runs = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (692)
| most wickets = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] (19)
| most catches = [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]] (10) [[Deepak Hooda]] (10)
| most dismissals = [[Jonny Bairstow]] (11)
}}

[[Image:Kane Williamson (9773667991).jpg|thumb|right|alt=A man playing a shot wearing New Zealand Test jersey|[[Kane Williamson]] returned as the captain of the Sunrisers for the 2019 IPL]]

[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (SRH) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the eight teams to compete in the [[2019 Indian Premier League]], making their seventh outing in all the IPL tournaments. The team was captained by [[Kane Williamson]] and coached by [[Tom Moody]] with [[Simon Helmot]] as assistant coach, [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] as bowling coach and [[V. V. S. Laxman]] as mentor.

==Background==
The [[2019 Indian Premier League]] began on 23 March 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/969837|title=IPL 2019 will be held in India|work=[[International Cricket Council]]|date=8 January 2019|access-date=8 January 2019}}</ref> The venue of tournament had been the subject of speculation during the [[List of 2019 Indian Premier League personnel changes#Auction|players' auction]] due to the clash of dates with the [[2019 Indian general election|Indian general elections]] and the initial news reports suggested that the tournament could be held outside India with [[South Africa]] and [[United Arab Emirates]] as the potential replacements.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhose|first=Baidurjo|title=IPL 2019 could move out of India, BCCI has two venues in mind|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2019-to-be-held-in-uae-or-south-africa-if-dates-clash-with-general-elections/story-TXUZmm1uVJo7ulPEhIEPHJ.html|access-date=5 November 2018|date=22 September 2018|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> However, on 8 January 2019, the [[Board for Control of Cricket in India]] (BCCI) confirmed that the tournament would take place entirely in India though the schedule is yet to be decided.<ref name="IPL12India">{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1171069.html|title=IPL 2019 to be played entirely in India, will begin on March 23|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=8 January 2019|access-date=8 January 2019}}</ref> As per the BCCI press release, the full schedule was expected to be released in February and suggested that they might consider the change of venues if needed once the election dates were announced.<ref name="IPL12India"/>

==Player acquisition==
{{main|List of 2019 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
The [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] traded [[Shikhar Dhawan]] and paid {{INRConvert|1.75|c|lk=on}} in cash to the [[Delhi Daredevils]] in exchange for three players – [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]], [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] and [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] during the IPL trading window before the auction.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=We have traded Shikhar Dhawan to Delhi Daredevils for Vijay Shankar, Shahbaz Nadeem and Abhishek Sharma.|number=1059363002539958272|access-date=5 November 2018|user=SunRisers|date=5 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Dhawantrade">{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=Dhawan set to return to Daredevils after 11 years|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25128074/shikhar-dhawan-set-return-delhi-daredevils-11-years|access-date=5 November 2018|date=29 October 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad confirm trading 'unsettled' Shikhar Dhawan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25184322/sunrisers-hyderabad-confirm-trading-unsettled-shikhar-dhawan|access-date=5 November 2018|date=5 November 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad trade Dhawan to Delhi Daredevils|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/104934/sunrisers-hyderabad-trade-dhawan-to-delhi-daredevils|access-date=5 November 2018|date=5 November 2018|publisher=Cricbuzz}}</ref> Dhawan was associated with the Sunrisers since their inception in 2013 and the reason for the Sunrisers to trade their most successful batsmen was widely reported as Dhawan's unhappiness over the financial reasons.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shikhar Dhawan traded to Delhi Daredevils, SRH say he moved due to 'financial reasons'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-shikhar-gabbar-dhawan-is-back-with-delhi-daredevils/story-GIhNWK4tH8WSrb3FXRVBVM.html|access-date=5 November 2018|date=5 November 2018|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dhawan moves to Daredevils|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhawan-moves-to-daredevils/article25429629.ece|access-date=5 November 2018|date=5 November 2018|website=The Hindu}}</ref> The Sunrisers retained 17 players and released eight players as they announced their retention list on 15 November ahead of the auction.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=17 players retained (+ 3 players via trade), and 9 players released ahead of the player auction for @IPL 2019.|number=1063032038989549568|access-date=15 November 2018|user=SunRisers|date=15 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sunrisers retain Warner for IPL 2019, Saha released|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25283260/sunrisers-retain-david-warner-ipl-2019-wriddhiman-saha-released|access-date=15 November 2018|date=15 November 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> They entered into the auction with the remaining salary cap of {{INRConvert|9.7|c}} to fill five available slots, of which two are for the overseas players.<ref name="squad before auction">{{cite web|title=VIVO IPL 2019 Player Contract Extensions announced|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/149387/vivo-ipl-2019-player-contract-extensions-announced|access-date=15 November 2018|date=15 November 2018|publisher=IPL}}</ref>

The BCCI announced on 3 December that the 2019 IPL players' auction was scheduled to be held on 18 December at [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL Auction in Jaipur on December 18|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/105447/ipl-2019-auction-in-jaipur-on-december-18|access-date=3 December 2018|publisher=Cricbuzz|date=3 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IPL auction to be held in Jaipur on December 18|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-auction-to-held-in-jaipur-on-december-18/story-6tuOl0v3bVl0fqDfqw1quK.html|access-date=4 December 2018|website=Hindustan Times|date=3 December 2018}}</ref> The auction for the Sunrisers were a quiet affair with most of the slots already filled before the auction. They opened their account by winning the bid for the English wicket-keeper, [[Jonny Bairstow]] for {{INRConvert|2.2|c}} and bolstered their wicket-keeping strength by welcoming back [[Wriddhiman Saha]]. They rounded-off the auction by acquiring the services of [[Martin Guptill]] at the base price of {{INRConvert|1|c}} and hence increasing their squad to 23 players with {{INRConvert|5.3|c}} remaining in their fund.<ref name="IPLauctionedplayers">{{cite web|title=IPL 2019 auction: The list of sold and unsold players|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25390461/list-sold-unsold-players|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 January 2019|date=18 December 2018}}</ref>

'''Retained''': [[Basil Thampi]], [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]], [[Deepak Hooda]], [[Manish Pandey]], [[Thangarasu Natarajan]], [[Ricky Bhui]], [[Sandeep Sharma]], [[Siddarth Kaul]], [[Shreevats Goswami]], [[Khaleel Ahmed]], [[Yusuf Pathan]], [[Billy Stanlake]], [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]], [[Kane Williamson]], [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]], [[Mohammad Nabi]], [[Shakib Al Hasan]]

'''Released''': [[Sachin Baby]], [[Tanmay Agarwal]], [[Wriddhiman Saha]], [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]], [[Carlos Brathwaite]], [[Alex Hales]], [[Bipul Sharma]], [[Mehdi Hasan (cricketer, born 1990)|Mehdi Hasan]]

'''Traded In''': [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]], [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]], [[Shahbaz Nadeem]]

'''Traded Out''': [[Shikhar Dhawan]]

'''Added''': [[Jonny Bairstow]], [[Wriddhiman Saha]], [[Martin Guptill]]{{ref label|rounding|REC-1|REC}}

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.<ref name="squad before auction"/><ref name="squad after auction">{{cite web|last=Shah|first=Sreshth|title=IPL 2019 auction: How the teams stack up for next season|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25567175/how-teams-stack-next-season|access-date=20 December 2018|date=18 December 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="squad before IPL">{{cite web|last=Somani|first=Saurabh|title=Can Sunrisers' bowling might take them all the way?|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26320738/can-sunrisers-hyderabad-bowling-take-all-way|access-date=22 March 2019|date=21 March 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* '''Signed Year''' denotes year from which player is continuously associated with Sunrisers Hyderabad

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!No.
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Signed year
!Salary
!Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 13|| '''[[Martin Guptill]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1986|09|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} || Overseas.
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 21|| '''[[Manish Pandey]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1989|09|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|11|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 22|| '''[[Kane Williamson]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1990|08|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c|lk=on}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]], Overseas.<ref name="kanecaptain"/>{{Efn|name=fn1|[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] stood-in as captain when [[Kane Williamson]] got injured at the start of the IPL 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/ipl-2019-kane-williamson-bhuvneshwar-kumar-kkr-vs-srh-1484918-2019-03-23|title=IPL 2019: Bhuvneshwar likely to lead SRH against KKR as Williamson remains a doubt|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|website=India Today|language=en|date=23 March 2019|access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="bhuvicaptain">{{cite web|last=Muthu|first=Alagappan|title=Kane Williamson in doubt as Sunrisers Hyderabad travel to KKR's Eden|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/preview/1175357|access-date=23 March 2019|date=23 March 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>}}
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 31|| '''[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1986|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm leg break || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12|c}} || Overseas. Unavailable due to national commitments.<ref name="bairstow unavailable">{{cite news|last=Bremmer|first=Ian|title=IPL 2019: Sunrisers Hyderabad will badly miss David Warner & Jonny Bairstow: Kane Williamson|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2019-sunrisers-hyderabad-will-badly-miss-david-warner-jonny-bairstow-kane-williamson/story-euNUMZmcO7RUpSGVGlTkIM.html|access-date=12 August 2019|date=22 April 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 55|| [[Ricky Bhui]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1996|11|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|lk=l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 5 || [[Deepak Hooda]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1995|4|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.6|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 7 || '''[[Mohammad Nabi]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1985|1|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} || Overseas.
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 17|| '''[[Yusuf Pathan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1982|11|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.9|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 18|| [[Abhishek Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|2000|09|04|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm orthodox spin || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|55|l}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 59|| '''[[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1991|01|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.2|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 75|| '''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1987|03|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Overseas. Unavailable due to national commitments.
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 3 || [[Shreevats Goswami]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1989|05|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 6|| '''[[Wriddhiman Saha]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1984|10|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.2|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 51|| '''[[Jonny Bairstow]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1989|09|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.2|c}} || Overseas. Unavailable due to national commitments.<ref name="bairstow unavailable"/>
|-
! colspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 8|| [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1989|08|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm orthodox spin || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.2|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 9 || '''[[Siddarth Kaul]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1990|5|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.8|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 15|| '''[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1990|2|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8.5|c}} || [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|Vice-captain]].{{Efn|name=fn1}}
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 19|| '''[[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1998|09|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm leg break || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9|c}} || Overseas.
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 27|| '''[[Khaleel Ahmed]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1997|12|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 30|| [[Basil Thampi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1993|09|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|95|l}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 37|| '''[[Billy Stanlake]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1994|11|04|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas.
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 44|| [[Thangarasu Natarajan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1991|5|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|40|l}} ||
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 66|| '''[[Sandeep Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2019|03|23|1993|05|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} ||
|}

==Administration and support staff==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 450
| image_style = border:none;

| image1 = Tom Moody Sunrisers.jpg
| width1 = 150 | height1 = 150
| alt1 = Tom Moody
| caption1 = Tom Moody

| image2 = VVSLaxman.jpg
| width2 = 150 | height2 = 150
| alt2 = VVS Laxman
| caption2 = VVS Laxman

| image3 = Photograph of Muttiah Muralitharan.jpg
| width3 = 150 | height3 = 150
| alt3 = Muttiah Muralitharan
| caption3 = Muralitharan
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Owner
| [[Kalanithi Maran]] ([[Sun Network]])
|-
| CEO
| K Shanmugham
|-
| Head coach
| [[Tom Moody]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| [[Simon Helmot]]
|-
| Bowling coach
| [[Muttiah Muralitharan]]
|-
| Mentor
| [[V. V. S. Laxman]]
|-
| Physio
| Theo Kapakoulakis
|-
| Physical trainer
| Jade Roberts
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name="supportstaff">{{cite news|last=Brunner|first=Carrie|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad Team IPL 2019; Everything You Need To Know About The Team|url=https://nbpostgazette.com/sunrisers-hyderabad-team-ipl-2019-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-team/|website=NB Post Gazette|date=15 March 2019|access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="sponsor1"/><ref>{{cite tweet|title=To the family-like support staff that keeps us going and growing|number=1107191907807973376|access-date=21 March 2019|user=SunRisers|date=17 March 2019}}</ref>
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Kit Manufacturers
!Shirt Sponsor (Chest)
!Shirt Sponsor (Back)
!Chest Branding
|-
|[[TYKA Sports]]
|Coolwinks
|[[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]]
|[[Rupa Company|Rupa]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref name="sponsor1">{{cite news|last=V.|first=Rishi Kumar|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad unveils sponsors for IPL season 12|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/sunrisers-hyderabad-unveils-sponsors-for-ipl-season-12/article26553831.ece|website=The Hindu Business Line|date=16 March 2019|access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|title=First Press Event|number=1108339975270121472|access-date=21 March 2019|user=SunRisers|date=20 March 2019}}</ref> 
|}

{{col-2}}
{| border-"0"
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _yellowshoulders
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 000000
| body = FF6600
| rightarm = 000000
| pants = 000000
| title = T20 uniform
}}
|
|}
{{col-end}}

== Indian Premier League ==
[[Image:DAVID WARNER (11704782453).jpg|thumb|right|David Warner returned to the Sunrisers squad for the IPL 2019]]
{{main|2019 Indian Premier League}}

===Offseason===
The schedule for the first two weeks of this season were released on 18 February with the Sunrisers Hyderabad playing their first match against the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] on 24 March in an [[Eden Gardens|away game]] at [[Kolkata]] while they played their first [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|home match]] against the [[Rajasthan Royals]] on 29 March.<ref name=iplfixtures_announcement>{{cite web|title=Chennai Super Kings v Royal Challengers Bangalore to kick off IPL 2019|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26028911/chennai-super-kings-v-royal-challengers-bangalore-kick-ipl-2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=18 February 2019|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chakrabarthy|first=Shamik|title=‘First phase’ of IPL 2019 fixtures announced by BCCI|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/first-phase-of-ipl-2019-fixtures-out-csk-to-host-rcb-in-first-game-5592040/|website=The Indian Express|date=20 February 2019|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) released the schedule for the remaining fixtures of the league stage on 19 March following the release of the [[2019 Indian general election|Indian general election]] schedule.<ref name=iplfixtures2_announcement>{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=Chennai to host 2019 IPL final on May 12|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26304289/chennai-host-2019-ipl-final-12|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=19 March 2019|access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref>

[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] came back into the squad following the completion of a season ban imposed on him by the BCCI due to his involvement in a [[2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal|ball-tampering scandal]].<ref name="warnerback">{{cite news|title=David Warner returns to IPL after ball-tampering row|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/david-warner-returns-to-ipl-after-ball-tampering-row/story-rMZoL6TZII0QFWpCFbKQUK.html|access-date=17 March 2019|website=Hindustan Times|date=17 March 2019|agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> Despite the return of Warner, the Sunrisers' coach [[Tom Moody]] announced that [[Kane Williamson]] would continue to lead the side during the IPL 2019.<ref name="kanecaptain">{{cite news|title=Williamson to lead SRH, says Moody|url=https://telanganatoday.com/williamson-lead-srh-moody|access-date=20 March 2019|website=Telangana Today|date=20 March 2019|agency=Sports Bureau}}</ref>

Speaking about Sunrisers' squad available this season and Williamson's captaincy record, coach Moody said,<ref name="kanecaptain"/><ref name="srhpressevent">{{cite news|title=IPL 2019: Sunrisers Hyderabad infuse power-packed side with new talent|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2019-sunrisers-hyderabad-infuse-power-packed-side-with-new-talent/story-AQBDazaDTLDstz2Q6kv2KM.html|access-date=21 March 2019|website=Hindustan Times|date=20 March 2019}}</ref>
{{cquote|We have a very stable squad and the performance of the team in 2018 exhibited the same as we topped the table. The new, young players will bring in even more exuberance and aggression to this side. We felt that Kane Williamson did a wonderful job last season. We decided not to tinker much as we are already a settled unit. The only concern we had was regarding his injury. Williamson is a world-class player and a great leader and I’m sure that he will continue to do well. Under the able leadership of Kane Williamson, this team has the potential and capability to go one step ahead and bag the trophy this time around.}}

==Season overview==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
===League stage===
;Standings
{{2019 Indian Premier League Points table|team=SRH}}
;Results by match
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= [[Eden Gardens|A]]/ [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|H]]/ H/ [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|A]]/ H/ [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|A]]/ H/ H/ H/ [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|A]]/ [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|A]]/ H/ [[Wankhede Stadium|A]]/ [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|A]]
|label2= Result
| res2= [[#match1|L]]/ [[#match2|W]]/ [[#match3|W]]/ [[#match4|W]]/ [[#match5|L]]/ [[#match6|L]]/ [[#match7|L]]/ [[#match8|W]]/ [[#match9|W]]/ [[#match10|L]]/ [[#match11|L]]/ [[#match12|W]]/ [[#match13|L]]/ [[#match14|L]]
|label3= Position
| pos3= 6/ 4/ 1/ 1/ 2/ 4/ 6/ 5/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2| text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| color_1-2=green1| color_3-4=#ffc
| source = [[#Fixtures|Fixtures]]
}}
{{col-2}}

=== Playoff stage ===
{{4TeamBracket-PagePlayoff
| team-width=230
| score-width=120
| RD1-text1 = 7 May — [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]]
| RD1-seed1 = '''1'''
| RD1-team1 = '''[[Mumbai Indians]]'''
| RD1-score1 = '''132/4 (18.3 overs)'''
| RD1-seed2 = 2
| RD1-team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| RD1-score2 = 131/4 (20 overs)
| P1Winner = '''Mumbai'''
| P1Margin = '''6 wickets'''
| P1Matchno = 57

| RD1-text2 = 8 May — [[Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium|Visakhapatnam]]
| RD1-seed3 = '''3'''
| RD1-team3 = '''[[Delhi Capitals]]'''
| RD1-score3 = '''165/8 (19.5 overs)'''
| RD1-seed4 = 4
| RD1-team4 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| RD1-score4 = 162/8 (20 overs)
| P2Winner = '''Delhi'''
| P2Margin = '''2 wickets'''
| P2Matchno = 58

| RD2-text1 = 10 May — [[Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium|Visakhapatnam]]
| RD2-seed1 = '''2'''
| RD2-team1 = '''[[Chennai Super Kings]]'''
| RD2-score1 = '''151/4 (19 overs)'''
| RD2-seed2 = 3
| RD2-team2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| RD2-score2 = 147/9 (20 overs)
| P3Winner = '''Chennai'''
| P3Margin = '''6 wickets'''
| P3Matchno = 59

| RD3-text1 = 12 May — [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|Hyderabad]]
| RD3-seed1 = '''1'''
| RD3-team1 = '''[[Mumbai Indians]]'''
| RD3-score1 = '''149/8 (20 overs)'''
| RD3-seed2 = 2
| RD3-team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| RD3-score2 = 148/7 (20 overs)
| FinalWinner = '''Mumbai'''
| FinalMargin = '''1 run'''
| FinalMatchno = 60
}}
{{col-end}}

==Fixtures==
===League stage===
{{main|2019 Indian Premier League #League stage}}
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match1}} 24 March
| time = 16:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]{{sp}}(H) |
| score1 = 181/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 183/4 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 85 (53)
| wickets1 = [[Andre Russell]] 2/32 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nitish Rana]] 68 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 1/26 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Andre Russell]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1175357 Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 6 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 1
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match2}} 29 March
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 198/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 201/5 (19 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanju Samson]] 102[[not out|*]] (55)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 1/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 69 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Shreyas Gopal]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1175363 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 5 wickets
| notes = This was the Sunrisers' highest successful run chase in the IPL.<ref name=iplt20R2/>
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 2
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match3}} 31 March
| time = 16:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 231/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 113 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jonny Bairstow]] 114 (56)
| wickets1 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 1/44 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Colin de Grandhomme]] 37 (32)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Nabi]] 4/11 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Jonny Bairstow]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1175366 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 118 runs
| notes = [[Prayas Ray Barman]] was the youngest player to debut in the IPL.<ref name=iplt20R3/>
*'' [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] and [[Jonny Bairstow]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad) recorded the highest first wicket partnership (185 runs) in the IPL.''<ref name=iplt20R3/>
*'' Warner and Bairstow also became the first pair ever to record three century partnerships in three consecutive matches in the IPL.''<ref name="iplR3stats"/>
*'' 231/2 was the highest total for the Sunrisers in the IPL.''<ref name=iplt20R3/>
*'' This was the second instance in the IPL and the fourth overall for two batsmen to score hundreds in an innings in T20s.''<ref name="iplR3stats">{{cite web|last=Narayanan|first=Deepu|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/107376/ipl-2019-jonny-bairstow-david-warner-roar-into-t20-record-books-with-blistering-tons-srh-vs-rcb-hyderabad|title=Bairstow, Warner roar into record books with blistering tons|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=31 March 2019|date=31 March 2019}}</ref>
*'' This was the largest win for the Sunrisers and the second-largest defeat for Royal Challengers in terms of runs.''<ref name="iplR3stats"/>
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 3
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match4}} 4 April
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 129/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 131/5 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 43 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammad Nabi]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jonny Bairstow]] 48 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 1/5 (1 over)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Jonny Bairstow]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1175371 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 5 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 4
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match5}} 6 April
| time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 136/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 96 (17.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kieron Pollard]] 46[[not out|*]] (26)
| wickets1 = [[Siddarth Kaul]] 2/34 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Deepak Hooda]] 20 (24)
| wickets2 = [[Alzarri Joseph]] 6/12 (3.4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Alzarri Joseph]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178394 Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 40 runs
| notes = [[Alzarri Joseph]] (Mumbai Indians) took the best bowling figures in the IPL.<ref name="iplt20R5">{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/164444/match-report-m19-srh-v-mi|title=Match Report: M19 - SRH vs MI|publisher=IPLT20|date=6 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref>
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 5
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match6}} 8 April
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 150/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 151/4 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 70[[not out|*]] (62)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 1/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[K. L. Rahul]] 71[[not out|*]] (53)
| wickets2 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[K. L. Rahul]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (Ind) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178397 Scorecard]
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 6 wickets
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 6
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match7}} 14 April
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 155/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 116 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 45 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] 3/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 51 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Kagiso Rabada]] 4/22 (3.5 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Keemo Paul]] (Delhi Capitals)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178405 Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Capitals won by 39 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 7
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match8}} 17 April
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 132/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 137/4 (16.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 45 (31)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jonny Bairstow]] 61[[not out|*]] (44)
| wickets2 = [[Imran Tahir]] 2/20 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Ian Gould]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178408 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 6 wickets.
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 8
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match9}} 21 April
| time = 16:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 159/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 161/1 (15 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chris Lynn]] 51 (47)
| wickets1 = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] 3/33 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jonny Bairstow]] 80[[not out|*]] (43)
| wickets2 = [[Prithvi Raj (cricketer)|Prithvi Raj]] 1/29 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178413 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 9 wickets.
| notes = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] and [[Jonny Bairstow]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad) scored 786 runs for the opening wicket for Sunrisers, most by an opening combination in a season in the IPL.<ref name="iplt20R9"/>
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 9
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match10}} 23 April
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 175/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 176/4 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 83[[not out|*]] (49)
| wickets1 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/39 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shane Watson]] 96 (53)
| wickets2 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 1/18 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Shane Watson]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178416 Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 6 wickets.
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 10
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match11}} 27 April
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] {{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 160/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 161/3 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 61 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sanju Samson]] 48[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 1/26 (3.1 overs)
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind) and [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178420 Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 7 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 11
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match12}} 29 April
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score1 = 212/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 167/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 81 (56)
| wickets1 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[K. L. Rahul]] 79 (56)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[C. K. Nandan]] (Ind) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178423 Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 45 runs
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Match 12
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match13}} 2 May
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 162/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 162/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 69[[not out|*]] (58)
| wickets1 = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] 3/42 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 71[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets2 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 2/20 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Jasprit Bumrah]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[C. K. Nandan]] (Ind) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178426 Scorecard]
| result = Match tied (Mumbai Indians won the Super Over)
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 13
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match14}} 4 May
| time = 20:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 175/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 178/6 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kane Williamson]] 70[[not out|*]] (43)
| wickets1 = [[Washington Sundar]] 3/24 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shimron Hetmyer]] 75 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] 3/37 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Shimron Hetmyer]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1178429 Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 4 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Match 14
}}

===Playoff stage===
{{main|2019 Indian Premier League #Playoffs}}

====Eliminator====
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match58}} 8 May
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Delhi Capitals in 2019|Delhi Capitals]]
| score1 = 162/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 165/8 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Martin Guptill]] 36 (19)
| wickets1 = [[Keemo Paul]] 3/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Prithvi Shaw]] 56 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 2/15 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| toss = Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Rishabh Pant]] (Delhi Capitals)
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1181766 Scorecard]
| result = Delhi won by 2 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Eliminator
}}

==Statistics==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-style="text-align:center;"
!Name
!{{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}}
!Runs
!{{Tooltip | HS | High Score}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Batting Average}}
!{{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}}
!{{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}}
!{{Tooltip | BBI | Best Bowling in an Innings}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Bowling Average}}
!{{Tooltip | Eco | Bowling Economy}}
!{{Tooltip | Ct | Catches}}
!{{Tooltip | St | Stumpings}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|David|Warner|David Warner (cricketer)}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|692|692}} || {{sort|1001|100[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|6920|69.20}} || {{sort|14386|143.86}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Jonny|Bairstow}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|445|445}} || {{sort|1140|114}} || {{sort|5562|55.62}} || {{sort|15724|157.24}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|02|2}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Manish|Pandey}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|344|344}} || {{sort|0831|83[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|4300|43.00}} || {{sort|13079|130.79}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Martin|Guptill}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|081|81}} || {{sort|0360|36}} || {{sort|2700|27.00}} || {{sort|15283|152.83}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Kane|Williamson}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|156|156}} || {{sort|0701|70[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|2228|22.28}} || {{sort|12000|120.00}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Vijay|Shankar|Vijay Shankar (cricketer)}} || {{sort|15|15}} || {{sort|244|244}} || {{sort|0401|40[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|2033|20.33}} || {{sort|12642|126.42}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|189|1/11}} || {{sort|7000|70.00}} || {{sort|0875|8.75}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Mohammad|Nabi}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|115|115}} || {{sort|0310|31}} || {{sort|1916|19.16}} || {{sort|15131|151.31}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|489|4/11}} || {{sort|2425|24.25}} || {{sort|0665|6.65}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Wriddhiman|Saha}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|086|86}} || {{sort|0280|28}} || {{sort|1720|17.20}} || {{sort|16226|162.26}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|01|1}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Yusuf|Pathan}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|040|40}} || {{sort|0161|16[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|1333|13.33}} || {{sort|08888|88.88}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|0800|8.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Deepak|Hooda}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|064|64}} || {{sort|0200|20}} || {{sort|1066|10.66}} || {{sort|10158|101.58}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|187|1/13}} || {{sort|2100|21.00}} || {{sort|1050|10.50}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Shakib|Al Hasan}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|009|9}} || {{sort|0090|9}} || {{sort|0900|9.00}} || {{sort|09000|90.00}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|174|1/26}} || {{sort|4750|47.50}} || {{sort|0876|8.76}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ricky|Bhui}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|007|7}} || {{sort|0070|7}} || {{sort|0700|7.00}} || {{sort|05833|58.33}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Rashid|Khan|Rashid Khan (cricketer)}} || {{sort|15|15}} || {{sort|034|34}} || {{sort|0171|17[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0680|6.80}} || {{sort|14782|147.82}} || {{sort|17|17}} || {{sort|379|3/21}} || {{sort|2217|22.17}} || {{sort|0628|6.28}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Abhishek|Sharma|Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|009|9}} || {{sort|0051|5[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0450|4.50}} || {{sort|10000|100.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|190|1/10}} || {{sort|2100|21.00}} || {{sort|1050|10.50}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Bhuvneshwar|Kumar}} || {{sort|15|15}} || {{sort|012|12}} || {{sort|0071|7[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0400|4.00}} || {{sort|06315|63.15}} || {{sort|13|13}} || {{sort|276|2/24}} || {{sort|3546|35.46}} || {{sort|0781|7.81}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Khaleel|Ahmed}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|0000|0}} || {{sort|0000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|19|19}} || {{sort|370|3/30}} || {{sort|1510|15.10}} || {{sort|0823|8.23}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Siddarth|Kaul}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|0000|0}} || {{sort|0000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|266|2/34}} || {{sort|4033|40.33}} || {{sort|0896|8.96}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Sandeep|Sharma}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|006|6}} || {{sort|0051|5[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|20000|200.00}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|381|3/19}} || {{sort|2933|29.33}} || {{sort|0825|8.25}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Basil|Thampi}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|001|1}} || {{sort|0011|1[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|10000|100.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|0916|9.16}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Shahbaz|Nadeem}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|176|1/24}} || {{sort|4500|45.00}} || {{sort|1000|10.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|}

<div style="font-size:75%">[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12741;team=5143;type=tournament IPL Statistics Full Table on ESPNcricinfo]</div>

==Awards and achievements==
===Awards===
; Man of the Match
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Player
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Contribution
!Ref.
|-
| [[#match2|1]] || {{dts|1=2019|2=3|3=29|format=dmy}} || [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Won by 5 wickets || 15[[Not out|*]] (8) & 1/24 (4 overs) || <ref name=iplt20R2>{{Cite web|last=Mookherjee|first=Tanmoy|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/157125/match-report-m8-srh-v-rr|title=Match Report: M8 - SRH vs RR|publisher=IPLT20|date=29 March 2019|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match3|2]] || {{dts|1=2019|2=3|3=31|format=dmy}} || [[Jonny Bairstow]] || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || Hyderabad || Won by 118 runs || 114 (56) || <ref name=iplt20R3>{{Cite web|last=Mookherjee|first=Tanmoy|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/159297/match-report-m11-srh-v-rcb|title=Match Report: M11 - SRH vs RCB|publisher=IPLT20|date=31 March 2019|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match4|3]] || {{dts|1=2019|2=4|3=4|format=dmy}} || Jonny Bairstow || [[Delhi Capitals]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Delhi]] || Won by 5 wickets || 48 (28) || <ref name=iplt20R4>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/162614/match-report-m16-dc-vs-srh|title=Match Report: M16 - DC vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=4 April 2019|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match8|4]] || {{dts|1=2019|2=4|3=17|format=dmy}} || [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || Hyderabad || Won by 6 wickets || 50 (25) || <ref name=iplt20R8>{{Cite web|last=Mookherjee|first=Tanmoy|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/172813/match-report-m33-srh-v-csk|title=Match Report: M33 - SRH vs CSK|publisher=IPLT20|date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match9|5]] || {{dts|1=2019|2=4|3=21|format=dmy}} || [[Khaleel Ahmed]] || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || Hyderabad || Won by 9 wickets || 3/33 (4 overs) || <ref name=iplt20R9>{{Cite web|last=Mookherjee|first=Tanmoy|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/176928/match-report-m38-srh-vs-kkr|title=Match Report: M38 - SRH vs KKR|publisher=IPLT20|date=21 April 2019|access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match12|6]] || {{dts|1=2019|2=4|3=29|format=dmy}} || David Warner || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || Hyderabad || Won by 41 runs || 81 (56) || <ref name=iplt20R12>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/183578/match-report-m48-srh-vs-kxip|title=Match Report: M48 - SRH vs KXIP|publisher=IPLT20|date=29 April 2019|access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref>
|}
;Season awards
* Winner of the [[List of Indian Premier League awards#Orange Cap|Orange Cap]] : David Warner<ref name=iplt20mostruns>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2019/most-runs|publisher=IPLT20|title=Most Runs scored in IPL 2019|date=12 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* Winner of 2019 [[Indian Premier League Fair Play Award|Fair Play Award]]<ref name=iplt20fairplay>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2019/fairplay|publisher=IPLT20|title=2019 Fairplay Statistics|date=12 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2019|language=en}}</ref>

===Achievements===
* Sunrisers recorded their highest successful run chase in the IPL (201/5) in a match against the Rajasthan Royals.<ref name=iplt20R2/>
* Warner and Bairstow scored centuries in the same match and recorded the highest ever first wicket partnership in the IPL (185) while Sunrisers achieved their highest total in the IPL (231/2) in a match against the Royal Challengers Bangalore.<ref name=iplt20R3/>
* Most [[Glossary of cricket terms#half century|half-centuries]] scored in the [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019 IPL]] : David Warner (8)<ref name=iplt20mostfifties>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2019/most-fifties|title=Most Fifties scored in IPL 2019|publisher=IPLT20|date=12 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* Most [[Century (cricket)|centuries]] scored in the 2019 IPL : Jonny Bairstow & David Warner (1)<ref name=iplt20mostcenturies>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2019/most-centuries|title=Most Centuries scored in IPL 2019|publisher=IPLT20|date=12 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* Fastest century scored in the 2019 IPL : Jonny Bairstow (52 balls)<ref name=iplt20fastcenturies>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2019/fastest-centuries|title=Fastest Centuries scored in IPL 2019|publisher=IPLT20|date=12 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* Highest Individual score in the 2019 IPL : Jonny Bairstow (114)<ref name=iplt20highestscore>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2019/highest-scores|title=Highest Score scored in IPL 2019|publisher=IPLT20|date=12 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* Best [[Strike rate#Bowling strike rate|bowling strike rate]] in the 2019 IPL : Khaleel Ahmed (11.00)<ref name=iplt20bestbowlingstrikerate>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2019/best-bowling-strike-rate|title=Best Bowling Strike Rate in IPL 2019|publisher=IPLT20|date=12 May 2019|access-date=12 May 2019|language=en}}</ref>

==Reaction==
[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] was featured in the [[ESPNcricinfo]] IPL team of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26736372/dhoni-russell-pandya-espncricinfo-power-packed-ipl-xi|title=Dhoni, Russell, Pandya in ESPNcricinfo's power-packed IPL XI|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 July 2019|date=13 May 2019}}</ref>

The [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] announced parting their ways with [[Tom Moody]] who served as the head coach for seven seasons since the inception in 2013. The Sunrisers announced the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] winning coach, [[Trevor Bayliss]], as the replacement for the [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020 season]].<ref name=newcoach>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27213530/trevor-bayliss-signs-sunisers-hyderabad-head-coach|title=Trevor Bayliss signs with Sunrisers Hyderabad as head coach|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=18 July 2019|access-date=18 July 2019|language=en}}</ref> The Sunrisers also replaced [[Simon Helmot]] with [[Brad Haddin]] as their assistant coach.<ref name=newasstcoach>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27418454/sunrisers-hyderabad-rope-brad-haddin-assistant-coach|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad rope in Brad Haddin as assistant coach|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=19 August 2019|access-date=21 August 2019|language=en}}</ref>

The [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019 season]] performances helped the IPL see its brand value jump by 13% to the estimated value of {{INRConvert|47000|c}}. The Sunrisers also saw the increase in their brand value by 4.6% to {{INRConvert|483|c}} in 2019, according to [[Duff & Phelps]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shekhar|first=Divya|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/ipl-brand-value-zooms-135-to-rs-47000-crore/55377/1|title=IPL brand value zooms 13.5% to Rs 47,000 crore|date=20 September 2019|work=Forbes India|access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref>

==Notes==
===Footnotes===
{{Notelist}}

===References===
{{Reflist|20em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sunrisershyderabad.in Sunrisers Hyderabad official website]

{{2019 Indian Premier League}}
{{Sunrisers Hyderabad}}

[[Category:2019 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Sunrisers Hyderabad seasons]]

Bigg Boss Kannada season 1

2026-02-17T19:32:20Z

Alihaiderhussain: added new post

{{Multiple issues|
{{primary sources|date=September 2015}}
{{cleanup rewrite|date=September 2015}}
{{cleanup list|date=September 2015}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 1
| bgcolor = #FEDF00
| image = Bigg_Boss_Kannada_1_Logo.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Season 1 eye logo
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Sudeep]]
| num_days = 98
| num_housemates = 15
| winner = [[Vijay Raghavendra]]
| runner_up = [[Arun Sagar]]
}}
| num_episodes =
| network = [[ETV Kannada]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|03|24}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2013|06|30}}
| episode_list =
| prev_series =
| next_series = [[Bigg Boss Kannada season 2|Season 2]]
}}

The season one of the [[Kannada]] version of Indian [[reality television]] series ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada|Bigg Boss]]'' was broadcast on ''[[ETV Kannada]]'' in 2013. The show was hosted by [[Sudeep]]. A prize amount of {{INR}}50,00,000 was announced for the winner. The show lasted for 99 days starting from 24 March 2013 (''Grand Premiere'') to 30 June 2013 (''Grand Finale''). A total of 15 contestants and 2 guests had entered the show. The Bigg Boss house, located in [[Lonavala]], was fixed with 47 cameras to capture the activities in the house.

Among the four finalists, [[Vijay Raghavendra]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131106103444/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/television/An-unexpected-win/2013/07/01/article1660801.ece THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS new article: An unexpected win]</ref> emerged as the title winner with maximum votes, followed by Arun Sagar as runner-up. [[Nikita Thukral]] came third and Narendra Babu was fourth. Gurudas Shenoy was the Editor-in-chief for the house reality of this season.

==Housemate status==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! scope="col" style="background:#FFFF00; color:#000;" | Sr
! scope="col" style="background:#FFFF00; color:#000;" | Housemate
! scope="col" style="background:#FFFF00; color:#000;" | {{nowrap|Day entered}}
! scope="col" style="background:#FFFF00; color:#000;" | {{nowrap|Day exited}}
! scope="col" style="background:#FFFF00; color:#000;" | Status
|-
| 1
| Vijay
| Day 1
| Day 99
| {{Won|Winner}}
|-
| 2
| Arun
| Day 1
| Day 99
| style="background: #D1E8EF"|{{nowrap|1st Runner-Up}}
|-
| 3
| Nikita
| Day 1
| Day 99
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" | {{nowrap|2nd Runner-up}}
|-
| 4
| Narendra
| Day 1
| Day 99
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" |{{nowrap|3rd Runner-up}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 5
| rowspan="2"| Chandrika
| Day 1
| Day 83
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| Day 84
| Day 90
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 6
| Anushree
| Day 1
| Day 76
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 7
| Rishika
| Day 42
| Day 62
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 8
| Rohan
| Day 38
| Day 55
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 9
| rowspan="2" | Jayalakshmi
| Day 1
| Day 6
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| Day 27
| Day 48
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 10
| Aparna
| Day 1
| Day 41
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 11
| Thilak
| Day 1
| Day 41
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 12
| Vinayak
| Day 1
| Day 34
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 13
| Rishi
| Day 14
| Day 27
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 14
| Shweta
| Day 1
| Day 20
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 15
| Sanjjanaa
| Day 1
| Day 14
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

==Housemates==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Housemates
! Famous for...
!
|-
|'''Narendra Babu Sharma'''
|TV Anchor; Guruji
| He is popularly known to the public as "''Brahmanda Guruji''" from a series of TV shows like [[Zee Kannada]]’s ''Bruhat Brahmanda'', [[Asianet Suvarna|Suvarna TV]]’s ''Bhavya Brahmanda'', and [[Suvarna News|Suvarna News Channel]]’s ''Brahmanda''. He has worked as a junior artist in many South Indian movies.
|-
| '''[[Aparna (television presenter)|Aparna]]'''
|TV Anchor
| Aparna Vastarey, known mononymously as Aparna, was an Indian actress, television presenter, and radio jockey. A popular face in Kannada television, she was known for her work as a presenter at DD Chandana and numerous events of the government. Her hold over Kannada & English was exemplary. She made her cinematic debut in 1984 with Puttanna Kanagal's last film, Masanada Hoovu. Between 2015 and 2021, she played Varalakshmi on the sketch comedy show, Majaa Talkies..<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct232005/enter1415720051021.asp |title=DECCAN HERALD - Aparna Interview |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229074033/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct232005/enter1415720051021.asp |archive-date=29 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Anushree (Kannada actress)|Anushree]]'''
|TV Anchor
| She is a VJ from [[Mangalore]] and has anchored programs like Namasthe Kasturi, Reel Suddi 365, Comedy Khiladigalu.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
| '''Rishi Kumar'''
|Swami
| A swami from Kalika Mata (Bengaluru). Media caught him in several controversies.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-IaiW8WhxA YOU TUBE: TV9 Exclusive - Rishi Kumara - Kaaviyolagobba Kalla]</ref> Earlier, he used to be a dancer and a junior artist.
|-
|'''Jayalakshmi'''
|Nurse
| She worked as a nurse and now is a nursing college secretary. She is known to public from a controversy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130327102217/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-05-21/india/27888120_1_jayalakshmi-sexual-harassment-photos TIMES OF INDIA - Nurse Jayalakshmi]</ref>
|-
| '''[[Chandrika (Kannada actress)|Chandrika]]'''
|Actress
| She is an actress of the 90s. Some of her movies are Golmaal Radhakrishna, [[Neenu Nakkare Haalu Sakkare]], Hosa Raga, Nagashakthi.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
|'''[[Vinayak Joshi]]'''
|RJ; Actor
| RJ of ''City Maatu'' and ''Aithalakadi Morning'' on Radio City 91.1 FM. He is also an actor, producer, director, and a theater artist.
|-
| '''[[Thilak Shekar]]'''
|Actor
| He is a model-turned-actor since 2006. Some of his movies are Ganda Hendathi, Accident, Huchchi.
|-
|'''Shweta Pandit'''
|Actress
| She is an actress known for the movies Paramathma, Case No 18/9, Theatre Lo (Telugu).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=157499 |title=DAIJI WORLD: Mangalore Sandalwood Beauty Shweta Pandit |access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-date=15 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215041759/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=157499 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Sanjjanaa]]'''
|Actress
| She is a model and an actress. She has acted in several South Indian movies.
|-
|'''[[Arun Sagar]]'''
|Art Director
| He is a reputed art director. He is multi talented and has acted in movies, TV shows, and theater.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
| '''[[Vijay Raghavendra]]'''
|Actor
| He is a well-known actor in [[Sandalwood cinema|Sandalwood]].
|-
|'''[[Nikita Thukral]]'''
|Actress
| She is a popular female lead in South Indian movies.
|}

===Wild card entries===
{| class="wikitable ignitable"
|-
! Wild Card Entry
! Famous for...
!
|-
|'''Rohan Gowda'''
|Reality Show Alumni
| He is the winner of [[Asianet Suvarna|Suvarna TV]]’s reality show<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203091435/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-01/news-interviews/38956791_1_bigg-boss-nurse-jayalakshmi-vinayak-joshi TIMES OF INDIA: Rohan Gowda entry in Bigg Boss]</ref> ''Pyate Mandi Kadige Bandru''. He is also a model and a bodybuilder.
|-
| '''[[Rishika Singh]]'''
|Actress
| She is an actress known for the movies{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} [[Kanteerava]], [[Kalla Malla Sulla]], and [[Benki Birugali (2013 film)|Benki Birugali]].
|-
|}

===Guests===
{| class="wikitable ignitable"
|-
! Guests
! Famous for...
!
|-
|'''[[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]]'''
|Actor
| He is popularly known for the character ''Loose Maada''{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} from the movie [[Duniya (2007 film)|Duniya]]. He had a lead role in movies [[Nanda Loves Nanditha]], [[Hudugaru]], Dool, Yogi.
|-
| '''Rajesh'''
|Reality Show Alumni
| He was from a tribal village and a winner of the [[Asianet Suvarna|Suvarna TV]]'s ''Halli Haida, Pyateg Banda'' reality show. He had acted in the movie ''Jungle Jackie.'' He died in November 2013.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
|}

== Episodes ==
The episodes were broadcast by [[ETV Kannada]] channel at a time slot of 8 to 9 pm daily. After the Grand Finale, the channel continued to telecast ''Autograph series'' in which the contestants shared their experience in the house.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:89%; line-height:13px;"
! style="width: 6%;" |
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Monday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Tuesday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Wednesday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Thursday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Friday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Saturday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Sunday}}
|-
! Event
| Nominations
| colspan="3"|Weekly Task Highlights
| Eviction
| Promotion & Interview
| Unseen Episode
|}

'''Programmes'''
* Grand Premiere: Bigg Boss Kannada
* Daily Highlights
* Varada Kathe Kicchana Jothe
* Super Saturday with Sudeep
* Unseen Episode
* Grand Finale: Curtain Raiser
* Grand Finale
* Grand Finale: Final Cut
* Grand Finale: Unseen Episode
* Autograph

== Nominations table ==
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:15px;"
! style="width: 6.5%;" |
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 1
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 2
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 3
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 4
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 5
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 6
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 7
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 8
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 9
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 10
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 11
! style="width: 6.5%;" | Week 12
! colspan="3" |Week 13
! colspan=2 style="width: 13%;" | Week 14
|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Vijay
|Narendra Jayalakshmi
|Narendra Sanjjana
|Vinayak Shweta
|Rishi Nikita
|Chandrika Vinayak
|Aparna Narendra
|Jayalakshmi Narendra brahmanda
|Narendra Anushree
|Rishika Narendra
|Chandrika Narendra
|Chandrika Arun
|Narendra Nikita
| colspan="3" |Chandrika Narendra
| colspan="2" style="background:#73FB76;" |'''''Winner''''' (Day 99)
|-
! Arun
|Sanjjana Chandrika
|Narendra Sanjjana
|Vinayak Chandrika
|Nikita Rishi
|Vinayak Aparna
|Aparna Jayalakshmi
|Jayalakshmi Nikita
|Narendra Rohan
|Nikita Narendra
|Narendra Nikita
|Nikita Anushree
|Nikita Narendra
| colspan="3" |Nikita Narendra
| colspan="2" style="background:#D1E8EF;" | {{nowrap|'''''1st runner-up'''''}} (Day 99)
|-
! Nikita
|Aparna Shweta
|Chandrika Aparna
|Chandrika Vinayak
|Arun Vinayak
|Chandrika Vijay
|Jayalakshmi Thilak
|Jayalakshmi Arun
|Arun Anushree
|Narendra Chandrika
|Arun Vijay
|Arun Chandrika
|Narendra Chandrika
| colspan="3" |Chandrika Vijay
| colspan="2" style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''''{{nowrap|2nd runner-up}}''''' {{nowrap|(Day 99)}}
|-
! Narendra
|Jayalakshmi Anushree
|Arun Shweta
|Chandrika Shweta
|Vinayak Nikita
|Chandrika Arun
|Jayalakshmi Arun
|Jayalakshmi Vijay
|Anushree Rohan
|Nikita Anushree
|Nikita Vijay
|Nikita Vijay
|Vijay Nikita
| colspan="3" |Vijay Nikita
| colspan="2" style="background:#DDA0DD;" |{{nowrap|'''''3rd runner-up''''' (Day 99)}}
|-
! Chandrika
|Narendra Nikita
|Sanjjana Nikita
|Nikita Narendra
|bgcolor="FBF373"|Nikita Anushree
|Narendra Vinayak
|Aparna Nikita
|bgcolor="959FFD"|Nikita Anushree
|Anushree Nikita
|Rishika Nikita
|Vijay Anushree
|Nikita Vijay
|Nikita Vijay
|Bgcolor=salmon|''Evicted'' {{nowrap|(Day 83)}}
| colspan="2" | Vijay Nikita
| colspan="2" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 90)
|-
! Anushree
|Narendra Thilak
|Narendra Vinayak
|Chandrika Shweta
|Rishi Vinayak
|Narendra Vinayak
|Jayalakshmi Thilak
|Chandrika
|bgcolor="959FFD"|Rishika Narendra
|Narendra Rishika
|Chandrika Narendra
|Arun Nikita
| colspan="6" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 76)
|-
! Rishika
|colspan=6 style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
|bgcolor="FBF373"|''Exempt''
|Narendra Anushree
|Chandrika Narendra
| colspan="8" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 62)
|-
! Rohan
| colspan=6 style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
|bgcolor="FBF373"|''Exempt''
|bgcolor="959FFD"|Anushree Narendra
| colspan="9" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 55)
|-
! Jayalakshmi
|Narendra Thilak
|bgcolor="salmon" colspan=3|''Evicted'' (Day 6)
|bgcolor="FBF373"|Narendra Anushree
|Nikita Aparna
|Narendra Nikita
|bgcolor="salmon"|Rohan Anushree
| colspan="9" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 48)
|-
! Thilak
|Narendra Jayalakshmi
|Sanjjana Arun
|Vinayak Arun
|Rishi Nikita
|Vinayak Nikita
|bgcolor="959FFD"|''Banned''
| colspan="11" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 41)
|-
! Aparna
|Nikita Chandrika
|Nikita Sanjjana
|Anushree Nikita
|Rishi Vinayak
|Chandrika Vinayak
|Jayalakshmi Chandrika
| colspan="11" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 41)
|-
! Vinayak
|Jayalakshmi Arun
|Arun Anushree
|Chandrika Shweta
|Rishi Anushree
|Nikita Aparna
| colspan="12" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 34)
|-
! Rishi
| colspan=2 style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
|bgcolor="FBF373"|''Exempt''
|Vinayak Nikita
| colspan="13" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 27)
|-
! Shweta
|Narendra Aparna
|Sanjjana Nikita
|Nikita Narendra
| colspan="14" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 20)
|-
! Sanjjanaa
|Thilak Shweta
|Thilak Chandrika
| colspan="15" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 13)
|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Notes
| colspan=2|(none)
|''[[#endnote 1|1]]''
|''[[#endnote 2|2]]'',''[[#endnote 3|3]]''
|''[[#endnote 4|4]]''
|''[[#endnote 5|5]]'',''[[#endnote 6|6]]'',''[[#endnote 7|7]]''
|''[[#endnote 8|8]]'',''[[#endnote 9|9]]'',''[[#endnote 10|10]]''
|''[[#endnote 11|11]]''
| (none)
|''[[#endnote 12|12]]''
|''[[#endnote 13|13]]''
| colspan="3" |''[[#endnote 14|14]]'', ''[[#endnote 15|15]]'', ''[[#endnote 16|16]]''
|''[[#endnote 16|16]]''
|colspan=2|''[[#endnote 17|17]]''
|- style="background:#B2FFFF" |
! Against Public votes
|Narendra Jayalakshmi
|Sanjjanaa Arun Nikita Narendra
|Chandrika Vinayak Shweta
|Rishi Nikita Vinayak
|Vinayak Chandrika
|Anushree Aparna Arun Chandrika Jayalakshmi Narendra Nikita Thilak Vijay
|Chandrika Jayalakshmi Nikita
|Narendra Anushree Rohan
|Narendra Rishika Nikita
|<s>Vijay Narendra Nikita Chandrika</s>
|Nikita Arun <s>Chandrika</s> Vijay Anushree
| colspan="3" |Vijay Chandrika Arun
|Vijay Nikita Chandrika Narendra
|colspan=2|Arun Narendra Nikita Vijay
|-
! Re-entered
| colspan="14" style="background:#ccc" |''None''
| style="background:#DAFF99;" |'''Chandrika'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |''None''
|-
! rowspan=2|Evicted
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Jayalakshmi'''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Sanjjanaa'''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Shweta'''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Rishi'''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Vinayak'''
|style="background:#FF8072"|'''Thilak'''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Jayalakshmi'''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Rohan'''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Rishika'''
|style="background:#ccc" rowspan=2|''No Eviction''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Anushree'''
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#FF8072" |'''Chandrika'''
|style="background:#FF8072" rowspan=2|'''Chandrika'''
|style="background:#DDA0DD" |'''Narendra'''
|style="background:#7FFFD4" |'''Nikita'''
|-
|style="background:#FF8072"|'''Aparna'''
|style="background:#D1E8EF" |'''Arun'''
|style="background:#73FB76" |'''Vijay'''
|}
</blockquote>

===Notes===
{{refbegin}}
*{{note|1|Note 1}}: Rishikumara, being a new entry, was safe from the nomination process.
*{{note|2|Note 2}}: Vachan [special rights granted by Bigg Boss during eviction] choose Chandrika to be safe from the nomination process.
*{{note|3|Note 3}}: Jayalakshmi re-entered the house after the weekly nomination process.
*{{note|4|Note 4}}: Jayalakshmi, being a new entry, was safe from nomination process but was granted the right to vote.
*{{note|5|Note 5}}: Rishika entered the house after the weekly nomination process.
*{{note|6|Note 6}}: Rohan entered the house after the weekly nomination process.
*{{note|7|Note 7}}: Bigg Boss informed Thilak that all the housemates were nominated for eviction irrespective of the nomination process. Thilak was not asked to vote.
*{{note|8|Note 8}}: Anushree [special rights granted by Bigg Boss] directly nominated Chandrika for eviction.
*{{note|9|Note 9}}: Rishika, being a new entry, was safe from the nomination process.
*{{note|10|Note 10}}: Rohan, being a new entry, was safe from the nomination process.
*{{note|11|Note 11}}: Jayalakshmi [special rights granted by Bigg Boss during eviction] choose Rohan & Anushree to be directly nominated for eviction.
*{{note|12|Note 12}}: In a twist, eviction was canceled but the nomination was conducted.
*{{note|13|Note 13}}: Narendra Sharma [special rights granted by Bigg Boss during nomination] choose Chandrika to be safe from the eviction.
*{{note|14|Note 14}}: In a twist, nominated candidates (Nikita, Narendra) were declared as safe, and the rest had to face eviction.
*{{note|15|Note 15}}: Chandrika was evicted after facing the public vote, but re-entered the house after a day.
*{{note|16|Note 16}}: Chandrika [special rights granted by Bigg Boss during eviction] choose Arun Sagar to be safe from the nomination process. Thus, Arun became the first finalist.
*{{note|17|Note 17}}: Among the four finalists, Vijay Raghavendra, was declared as the winner after facing the public vote.
{{refend}}

==Weekly summary==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 96%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
|-
! rowspan=7 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 1'''
| '''Grand Premier''' ||
* Narendra, Sanjjanaa, Arun, Shweta, Vinayak, Aparna, Anushree, Thilak, Nikita, Vijay, Chandrika, and Jayalakshmi entered the Bigg Boss house on 24 March 2013.
|-
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Narendra (6 votes)
* Jayalakshmi (4 votes)
|-
| '''Task 1''' ||
* Title: '''Shubhaarambh ([[Agni|Agni Pooja]])'''
* Description: The housemates had to conduct Agni pooja and ensure that the fire continues to burn for 3 days and 2 nights in the [[Homa (ritual)|homa kunda]]. Firewood and ghee was supplied in sufficient quantity.
* Result: The task was completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 5000 points.
|-
| '''Happenings''' ||
* The housemates celebrated [[Holi]] festival.
|-
| '''Punishment''' ||
* Nikita took 25 dips in the swimming pool for misusing water during the Holi celebrations.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 6''': Jayalakshmi was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Jayalakshmi chose Narendra to watch the housemates follow the house rules.
|-
! rowspan=6 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 2'''
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Sanjjanaa ''(6 votes)'', Arun ''(3 votes)'', Nikita ''(3 votes)'', and Narendra ''(3 votes)''
|-
| '''Task 2''' ||
* Title: '''Ulta Pulta ([[Cross-dressing]])'''
* Description:
:Women had to rest and supervise the household activities done by the cross-dressed men.
:Men had to ensure that women do not step on the floor and had to carry them when needed. In return, women had to perform to a song and entertain the male housemates.
:Men and women were paired by a chained handcuff for a day.
* Result: The task was completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 3000 points.
|-
| '''Punishment''' ||
* Narendra sat on a chair for 7 hours in the sunlight (garden area) for sleeping during daytime.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 13''': Sanjjanaa was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.
|-
| '''Entry''' ||
* '''Day 14''': The 13th contestant ''Rishi Kumara'' entered the house.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Sanjjanaa chose Narendra to supervise the kitchen activities.
|-
! rowspan=5 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 3'''
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Chandrika ''(5 votes)'', Vinayak ''(4 votes)'', and Shweta ''(4 votes)''
|-
| '''Task 3''' ||
* Title: '''[[Devata]]s & [[Rakshasa]]s (Angles & Demons)'''
* Description: The housemates were divided into two teams, each led by a leader.
* '''Day 16''':
:Devatas had to safeguard the locker from the rakshasas.
:Rakshasas had to open the locker with a key and to take the letter inside it. Once accomplished, the teams were swapped and the task was repeated.
*'''Day 17 & 18''': Both teams were to campaign and convince the opposite team members to join their side. The team with more members was declared as the winner (Devatas).
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:60%; font-size:90%;"
! Rakshasas
! style="width: 50%;" | Devatas
|-
| Narendra Babu [C] || align="center"| Rishi Kumara [C]
|-
| Vinayak || align="center"| Chandrika
|-
| Nikita || align="center"| Shweta
|-
| Vijay || align="center"| Arun
|-
| || align="center"| Thilak
|-
| || align="center"| Anushree
|-
| || align="center"| Aparna
|}
* Result: The task was completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 1500 points.
|-
| '''Happenings''' ||
* '''Day 19''': The housemates celebrated [[Ugadi]] festival.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 20''': Shweta Pandit was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Shweta Pandit chose Chandrika to be safe from next nomination.
|-
! rowspan=5 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 4'''
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Rishi Kumara ''(6 votes)'', Nikita ''(6 votes)'', and Vinayak ''(5 votes)''
|-
| '''Task 4''' ||
* Title: '''Ondu Cinema Kathe''' (Short film direction)
* Description: Arun and Narendra were the directors who conducted auditions to select housemates for various movie characters.
:'''Day 23''': Babhruvahana 2013 - To remake the mythological movie ''[[Babhruvahana]]'' in a modern style.
:'''Day 24''': Purathana Apthamitra - To remake the super hit movie ''[[Apthamitra]]'' in a classical style.
:'''Day 25''': Bigg Boss House Spoof - The housemates had to imitate each other.
* Results from voting:
:Team Arun was rated 35 (winner)
:Team Narendra was rated 27.5
* Luxury Points: No points. The winning team had to choose one item from the budget list.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 27''': Rishi Kumar was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.
|-
| '''Entry''' ||
* '''Day 27''': The ex-housemate ''Jayalakshmi'' re-entered the house.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Rishi Kumar chose Anushree to stay outside the house (garden area) for a week. The duration was reduced later.
|-
! rowspan=4 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 5'''
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Vinayak ''(5 votes)'' and Chandrika ''(4 votes)''
|-
| '''Task 5''' ||
* Title: '''Surgery and Bharjari Nursing Home'''
* Description: Doctors and nurses had to treat the mental patients by various methods.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:60%; font-size:90%;"
! Housemates
! style="width: 50%;" | Roles
|-
| Vijay || align="center"| Sr.Doctor
|-
| Vinayak || align="center"| Jr.Doctor
|-
| Aparna Jayalakshmi || align="center"| Nurse
|-
| Thilak || align="center"| Wardboy
|-
|Anushree Nikita Chandrika Narendra Arun || align="center"| Mental patients
|-
|}
:'''Varshikotsav''' – An anniversary function in which the patients performed to a song. ''Rajesh'' entered the house as a chief guest for the function.
:'''Raja & praja''' - The housemates had to treat the guest ''Rajesh'' as a king and obey his orders.

* Results: The tasks were completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 5000 points.
|-
| '''Exits''' ||
* '''Day 34''': Vinayak Joshi was evicted from the house after facing the public vote. The guest ''Rajesh'' also exit the house.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Vinayak Joshi chose Vijay to deprive the usage of any personal belongings like clothes, footwear, and cosmetics (had to borrow from others).
|-
! rowspan=6 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 6'''
| '''Nominations''' ||
* All housemates were nominated.
|-
| '''Entry''' ||
* '''Day 38''': Rohan Gowda entered the house.
* '''Day 42''': Rishika Singh entered the house.
|-
| '''Task 6''' ||
* Title: '''Raajneeti''' ([[Politics]])
* Description: The housemates had to form political parties and campaign for votes.

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%; line-height:15px;"
|-
! style="width: 6%;" | !! style="width: 6%;" | Porake Paksha !! style="width: 6%;" | Bigg Boss Paksha !! style="width: 6%;" |Apple Paksha
|-
! Leader
| Rohan
| Jayalakshmi
|Anshree
|-
! Secretary
| Arun
|
| Thilak
|-
! Members
| Chandrika
|
|Narendra Vijay Aparna Nikita
|-
! Result
| Lost
|Dissolved
|Won
|}

* Results: Task was completed successfully.
* Anushree was granted the right to choose a housemate for direct nomination.
* Luxury Points: 3000 points for the winning team.
|-
| '''Punishment''' ||
* All housemates were nominated for eviction by Bigg Boss as a punishment for breaking the house rules.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 41''': Thilak & Aparna were evicted after facing public vote.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Aparna chose Jayalakshmi & Vijay to be in pair all the time.
|-
! rowspan=5 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 7'''
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Chandrika ''(direct nomination by Anushree)'', Jayalakshmi ''(4 votes),'' and Nikita ''(3 votes)''
|-
| '''Entry''' ||
* '''Day 42''': Rishika Singh entered the house.
|-
| '''Task 7''' ||
* Title: '''Bigg Boss Olympics'''
* Description: The housemates were divided into two teams and had to compete in various sports activities for points. Rishika was named as Olympics games commissioner.

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%; line-height:15px;"
|-
! style="width: 6%;" | Teams !! style="width: 6%;" | Garjanae !! style="width: 6%;" | Jai Hanuman
|-
! Leader
| Rohan
| Vijay
|-
! Members
| Nikita Chandrika Jayalakshmi
|Arun Anushree Narendra
|-
! Points
| 183 (won)
| 120
|}
* Results: Task was completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 2000 points for the winning team.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 48''': Jayalakshmi was evicted after facing public vote.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Jayalakshmi chose Rohan & Anushree for direct nomination.
|-

! rowspan=5 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 8'''
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Narendra ''(5 votes)'', Anushree ''(7 votes),'' and Rohan ''(3 votes)''
|-
| '''Entry''' ||
* '''Day 54''': Guest Yogesh entered the house.
|-
| '''Task 8''' ||
* Title: '''Bhima Maduve Sambrama''' (marriage occasion)
* Description: The housemates were divided into two teams. The teams enacted bride selection, marriage rituals, and celebrations.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%; line-height:15px;"
|-
! style="width: 6%;" | !! style="width: 6%;" | Role!! style="width: 6%;" | Housemates
|-
! rowspan=4 | Groom Side
| Groom
| Yogesh
|-
| Father
| Arun
|-
| Mother
| Chandrika
|-
| Broker/Pandit
| Narendra
|-
! rowspan=5 |Bride Side
| Bride
|Nikith
|-
| Younger sister
|Anushree
|-
| Brother
|Rohan
|-
| Elder Sister
|Rishika
|-
| Brother-in-law
|Vijay
|-
|}

* Results: Task was completed successfully.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 55''': Rohan Gowda was evicted after facing public vote.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Rohan Gowda chose Arun to wash the clothes of all housemates.
|-
! rowspan=5 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 9'''
| '''Punishment''' ||
* The water supply for the house was stopped for the day. Anushree, Yogesh, and Nikita had to do 100 sit-ups for misusing the water and damaging their mics.
|-
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Narendra ''(5 votes)'', Rishika ''(3 votes),'' and Nikita ''(3 votes)''
|-
| '''Task 9''' ||
* Title: '''Kalla Police'''
* Description: The housemates were divided into teams for the task.
:Police: To prevent theft of listed things. To recognize the gang leader.
:Kalla: To steal the listed things.
:Jana Samanya: To confuse the police investigation.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%; line-height:15px;"
|-
! style="width: 6%;" | Housemates!! style="width: 6%;" | Team!! style="width: 6%;" | Result
|-
| Arun Nikita Rishika
! rowspan=1 | Police
| Fail
|-
| Narendra (gang leader) Yogesh Chandrika
! rowspan=1 | Kalla
! rowspan=2 | Pass
|-
| Anushree Vijay
! rowspan=1 | Jana Samanya
|}

* Results: Task was completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 2000 points for the winning teams.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 62''': Rishika was evicted after facing public vote.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Rishika chose Nikita & Chandrika to be paired by handcuff for a week.
|-
! rowspan=4 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 10'''
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Vijay ''(3 votes)'', Narendra ''(3 votes),'' Nikita ''(2 votes),''and Chandrika ''(2 votes)''
|-
| '''Task 10''' ||
* Title: '''Shakti Patha'''
* Description: There were three 24-hour tasks.
: '''Jala Samrakshana''' (safeguard water) - The housemates had to prevent water loss from a leaky water tank by blocking the holes with their fingers.
: '''Thulabhara''' (Balancing scale)- The housemates had to balance a scale with household items and two housemates.
: '''Thuli Maga Thuli''' (Cycling) - The housemates had to continuously pedal a cycle rickshaw [on stand] and cover specified distance that was displayed on a board. The housemates refused to do this task as they were physically exhausted from previous tasks, and there was some technical issue with the cycle rickshaw.
* Results: Task was completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 7000 points.
|-
| '''Happenings''' ||
* '''Day 70''': Family members of housemates took a short visit to the house.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* No eviction.
* '''Day 70''': Guest Yogesh exit the house.
|-
! rowspan=5 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 11'''
|-
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Nikita ''(4 votes)'', Arun ''(3 votes),'' Vijay ''(2 votes),''and Anushree ''(2 votes)''
* Narendra chose Chandrika to be safe from nomination.
|-
| '''Task 11''' ||
* Title: '''Joy of Schooling'''
* Description: The housemates had to run a boarding school which included 3 hours of classroom periods.
:Each housemate had to teach a subject for the rest.
:This task included regular class periods, picnic, competition, quiz, and annual function.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:60%; font-size:90%;"
! Housemates
! style="width: 50%;" | Subject
|-
| Anushree || align="center"| Maths
|-
| Arun || align="center"| Arts & Drama
|-
| Chandrika (Warden) || align="center"| English
|-
| Narendra || align="center"| Physical Training
|-
|Nikita || align="center"| Kannada
|-
| Vijay || align="center"| Dance & Music
|}

* Results: Task was completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 2500 points.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 76''': Anushree was evicted after facing public vote.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Anushree chose Chandrika to do all the household activities.
|-
! rowspan=5 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 12'''
| '''Happenings''' ||
* '''Day 78''': Host Sudeep entered the house to interact with the housemates.
|-
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Vijay ''(2 votes)'', Chandrika ''(1 votes),'' and Arun ''(0 votes)'' were nominated for eviction. Nominations was reversed.
|-
| '''Task 12''' ||
* Title: '''Chaati Beesu Prani Palagisu''' (taming animals)
* Description: The hunter had to capture, tame, and circus train the animals.

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:60%; font-size:90%;"
! Housemate
! style="width: 50%;" | Role
|-
| Chandrika || align="center"| Hunter
|-
| Arun || align="center"| Lion
|-
| Narendra || align="center"| Elephant
|-
|Nikita || align="center"| Monkey
|-
| Vijay || align="center"| Bear
|}

* Results: Task was completed successfully.
* Luxury Points: 2000 points.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 83''': Chandrika was evicted after facing public vote.
|-
| '''Special Rights''' ||
* Chandrika chose Arun to be safe from next nomination.
|-
! rowspan=4 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 13'''
| '''Entry''' ||
* '''Day 84''': Chandrika re-entered the house.
|-
| '''Nominations''' ||
* Vijay ''(3 votes)'', Nikita ''(3 votes)'', Chandrika ''(2 votes),'' and Narendra ''(2 votes)''
|-
| '''Task 13''' ||
* '''Day 84''':
:Title: Kitchen Khiladi - Two teams had to prepare sweets and rate each other.
* Teams:
:Narendra & Nikita (won)
:Arun & Vijay (lost)
* Previous tasks were repeated.
: '''Ulta Pulta''' - Men had to cross-dress and involve in household activities. Women had to supervise those activities.
: '''Ondu Cinema Kathe''' - Arun Sagar had to direct the movie ''Hingaru Male'', a comic version of the original movie [[Mungaru Male]].
: '''Thuli Maga Thuli''' - Housemates had to cover a specified distance by cycling a cycle rickshaw [on stand]. They had to perform to a song for each destination.

* Results: Task was completed successfully.
|-
| '''Exit''' ||
* '''Day 90''': Chandrika was evicted after facing public vote.
|-
! rowspan=3 style="width: 6%;" | '''Week 14'''
| '''Task 14''' ||
* '''Day 91''':
Title: Duracell sponsor task
* Description: Torches were provided to all housemates. The housemates who got the Duracell-powered torches were declared as winner as the torches would last longer than others batteries.
* Result: Narendra and Vijay won android watches.
|-
| '''Suitcase''' ||
* '''Day 91-92''': A suitcase with {{INR}}10 Lakhs was offered if a housemate was willing to leave the show, but none were interested.
|-
| '''Happenings''' ||
* '''Day 93-95''': Ex-housemates took turns in visiting the house and engaged in various, related tasks.
* '''Day 96''': The housemates were provided with mobile phones [no SIM] to take pictures.
* '''Day 97''': The housemates packed their belongings.
* '''Day 98''': The housemates conducted [[Ganesha]] pooja.
|-
! rowspan=1 style="width: 6%;" | '''Grand Finale'''
| '''30 June 2013''' ||
* '''Grand Finale Awards'''
:Performer of the day award - Aparna
:Crying Star Award - Anushree
:Hot Star Award - Shweta Pandit
:Six-pack Star Award - Rohan Gowda
:Laughing Star Award - Sanjjanaa
:Dancing Star Award - Jayalakshmi
:Jodi Hakki Award - Tilak & Shweta Pandith
:Dialogue King Award - Rushi Kumar
:Kitchen Khiladi Award - Narendra Sharma & Nikita
:Breaking Star Award - Narendra Sharma
:Paisa Vasool Entertainment Star Award - Narendra Sharma

* '''Grand Finale Results'''
:Winner - Vijay Raghavendra
:Runner-up - Arun Sagar
:Third - Nikita Thukral
:Fourth - Narendra Sharma
|}

==Reception and viewership==

As per Indiantelevision.com's news release,<ref>[http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k13/apr/aprrel8.php INDIANTELEVISION.COM: Bigg Boss a BIGG hit with the Audience]</ref> the show achieved the highest [[Target rating point|TRPs]] than any other Kannada GEC.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} The launch episode had a rating of 4.7 TRP and the eviction episodes on Fridays reached 6.3 TRP. The week average <ref>[http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/bigg-boss-kannada-trps-soaring-8203.html INDIATVNEWS.COM: Bigg Boss Kannada TRPs soaring]</ref> was about 4.7 TRP.

The SMS votes by the audience were claimed to be approximately 47,000 <ref>[http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/bigg-boss-kannada-trps-soaring-8203.html INDIATVNEWS.COM: Bigg Boss Kannada SMS Voting]</ref> per contestant and touched a lakh during the finals.

==Awards==
'''GCC Puraskar Media :-'''
* Best Reality Show - [[ETV Kannada]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gardencitycollege.edu/downloads/media_Puraskar.pdf |title=GCC Puraskar Media |publisher=gardencitycollege.edu |date=26 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183145/http://www.gardencitycollege.edu/downloads/media_Puraskar.pdf |archivedate=14 July 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb episodes|2955262}}
* [https://www.biggbosskannadavote.com Bigg Boss Kannada Vote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803084626/http://biggbosskannadavote.com/ |date=3 August 2021 }}
{{BBKHM |state=expanded}}

[[Category:2013 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss Kannada seasons]]
[[Category:Colors Kannada original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]

Tetralemma

2026-02-14T03:16:03Z

Alihaiderhussain: Put Up A Article

{{Short description|Logic System in India}}
{{distinguish|Tetrablemma}}
The '''tetralemma''' is a figure that features prominently in the [[Indian logic|logic of India]].

==Definition==
It states that with reference to any logical proposition (or axiom) X, there are four possibilities:

: <math>X </math> (affirmation)
: <math>\neg X</math> (negation)
: <math>X \land\neg X</math> (both)
: <math>\neg (X \lor \neg X) </math> (neither)

==Catuskoti==
The history of the fourfold negation, the [[Catuskoti]] (Sanskrit), is evident in the logico-epistemological tradition of India and given the categorical nomenclature Indian Logic in Western discourse. Subsumed within the auspice of Indian logic, '[[Buddhist logic]]' has been particularly focused on the employment of the fourfold negation, as evidenced by the traditions of [[Nagarjuna]] and the [[Madhyamaka]], particularly the school of Madhyamaka given the retroactive nomenclature of [[Prasangika]] by the Tibetan Buddhist logico-epistemological tradition. The tetralemma was also used as a form of inquiry rather than logic in the Nasadiya Sukta of Rigveda (creation hymn) and appears to be rarely used as a tool of logic before Buddhism.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharana.|first=Agrawala, Vasudeva|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/15501476|title=Hymn of creation : Nāsadīya sūkta, Rgveda, X. 129|date=1983|publisher=Prithivi Prakashan|oclc=15501476}}</ref>

==Modern applications==
The tetralemma has been rediscovered in management and organisation studies as an analytical tool for navigating dilemmas. In this context, it is used to move beyond binary decision logics by considering not only two opposing options, but also their combination and their negation. Scholars have applied the tetralemma to issues such as family-business tensions,<ref name="Kleve et al. (2020)">{{cite journal | last1=Kleve | first1=Heiko | last2=Roth | first2=Steffen | last3=Köllner | first3=Tobias |last4=Wetzel | first4=Ralf | title=The tetralemma of the business family: A systemic approach to business-family dilemmas in research and practice | journal=Journal of Organizational Change Management | publisher=Springer | volume=33 | issue=2 | year=2020 | issn= | doi=10.1007/s10551-025-06138-y | pages=433-446| doi-access=free }}</ref> organisational purpose, and governance, where competing rationalities often cannot be adequately addressed through either–or reasoning. The framework is particularly relevant in analyses of organisations operating across multiple institutional and functional contexts, where mutually incompatible demands must be processed simultaneously.<ref name="Roth & Valentinov (2025)">{{cite journal | last1=Roth | first1=Steffen | last2=Valentinov | first2=Vladislav | title=Multifunctional Tetralemma. Framework for the Strategic Management of Moral Trade-offs | journal=Journal of Business Ethics | publisher=Springer | volume= | issue= | year=2025 | issn= | doi=10.1007/s10551-025-06138-y | pages=| doi-access=free }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Catuṣkoṭi]], a similar concept in Indian philosophy
* [[De Morgan's laws]]
* [[Dialetheism]]
* [[Logical connective]]
* [[Paraconsistent logic]]
* [[Prasangika]]
* [[Pyrrhonism#Similarities between Pyrrhonism and Indian philosophy|Pyrrhonism]]
* [[Semiotic square]]
* [[Two-truths doctrine]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Wiktionary-inline}}

{{Philosophy topics}}

[[Category:History of logic]]
[[Category:Logic]]
[[Category:Lemmas]]

Yuvina Parthavi

2026-02-12T06:21:47Z

Alihaiderhussain: Content updated and refined

{{short description|Indian child actress (born 2008)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Yuvina Parthavi
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| spouse =
| years_active = 2011{{endash}}present
}}

'''Yuvina Parthavi''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] actress who has appeared in predominantly [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Kannada]] films and commercials. She was introduced as a child actress in [[AVM Productions]] television serial ''Uravukku Kai Koduppom'' (2011), before making a breakthrough in films portraying a young girl in ''[[Mummy – Save Me]]'' (2016) and ''[[Pushpaka Vimana (2017 film)|Pushpaka Vimana]]'' (2017). She also acted in web series ''[[As I'm Suffering From Kadhal]]''.

==Early life and career==
Born into a Telugu family in Chennai,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/Mar/31/young-yuvina-dubs-for-mummy-save-me-918410.html|title=Young Yuvina Dubs For Mummy-Save Me|date=31 March 2016|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Yuvina was introduced as a child actress in [[AVM Productions]] Tamil-language television serial ''Uravukku Kai Koduppom'' (2011) by director Bhuvanesh, who met Yuvina and her father Mahesh while on a tour. Her performance in the serial received acclaim, with producer [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] noting the success of the serial had "a lot to do with" Yuvina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/Look-whos-acting/article14961102.ece |title=Look who's acting! |first=Malathi |last=Rangarajan |date=25 March 2011 |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330153451/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/Look-whos-acting/article14961102.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2013, she started appearing in Tamil films and her role as [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]'s granddaughter in ''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]'', where she featured in scenes alongside [[Ajith Kumar]] was well received by critics.<ref name="H">{{Cite web |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=2 June 2014 |title=Cinema ShotCuts - June |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cinema-shotcuts-june/article6075282.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330153450/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/cinema-shotcuts-june/article6075282.ece |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=28 May 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Subsequently, she was signed on to appear in roles in [[Linguswamy]]'s production ''[[Manjapai]]'' where she played a young girl who bonds with an elderly man, as well as in a one scene appearance in [[AR Murugadoss]]'s ''[[Kaththi]]'', playing a girl at the airport cared for by [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]].<ref name="H"/> The same year, she also played a full-length role in ''[[Athithi (2014 film)|Athithi]]'' as a kidnapped child, as well as a pivotal role in [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]]'s action drama film ''[[Jaihind 2]]'', a multilingual film which marked her Kannada debut.<ref name="H"/> She also starred in other Kannada films such as ''[[Mummy – Save Me]]'' (2016) and ''[[Pushpaka Vimana (2017 film)|Pushpaka Vimana]]'' (2017) as [[Ramesh Aravind]]'s and [[Priyanka Upendra]]'s daughter, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/when-i-met-yuvina-i-was-sure-i-found-kriya-lohith/articleshow/55665108.cms|title=When I met Yuvina, I was sure I found Kriya: Lohith|work=The Times of India|last=Joy|first=Prathibha|date=29 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/051016/oorus-lil-miss-sunshine.html|title=Ooru's lil' Miss Sunshine|work=Deccan Chronicle|first=S. M.|last=Shashiprasad|date=4 October 2016}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable" st#le="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- st#le="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Thirumathi Thamizh]]'' || Young Jothi || rowspan="8"|Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Ivan Veramathiri]]'' || Young Malika ||
|-
| rowspan="9" | 2014 || ''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]'' || Kayalvizhi (Kayal) ||
|-
| ''[[Manjapai]]'' || Pooja ||
|-
| ''[[Athithi (2014 film)|Athithi]]'' || Pavithra Madhiazhagan ||
|-
| ''[[Megha (2014 film)|Megha]]'' || Yuvi ||
|-
| ''[[Aranmanai]]'' || Servant's Daughter ||
|-
| ''[[Kaththi]]'' || Ankitha's niece ||
|-
| ''[[Jai Hind 2|Abhimanyu]]'' || rowspan="3"|Parvathi || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Jai Hind 2]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015 || ''[[Kaaki Sattai]]'' ||Swetha || rowspan="4"|Tamil ||
|-
| ''Iridiyam'' || Mohan Kumar's daughter ||
|-
| ''[[Massu Engira Masilamani|Masss / Massu Engira Masilamani]]'' || Megha ||
|-
| ''[[Strawberry (film)|Strawberry]]'' || Anu ||
|-
| ''[[Kaki: Sound of Warning]]'' || Ammu || Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2016 || ''[[Mr. Mommaga]]'' || Anjali || rowspan="2"|Kannada ||
|-
|''[[Mummy – Save Me]]'' || Kriya ||
|-
| ''[[Meow (2016 film)|Meow]]'' || Shelby's caretaker || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017 || ''[[Pushpaka Vimana (2017 film)|Pushpaka Vimana]]'' || Young Putta Lakshmi || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Adhagappattathu Magajanangalay]]'' || || rowspan="5"|Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Ka Ka Ka: Aabathin Arikuri]]'' || Ammu ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' || Sundar Ramasamy's niece ||
|-
| 2024 ||''[[Siren (2024 film)|Siren]]''|| Malar Thilagavarman||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2025 || ''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]'' || Oviya Kalyanasundaram || Filmed in 2012 and released after 12 years
|-
| ''[[Right (film)|Right]]'' || Varnika ||
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Network
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2011
!''Uravukku Kai Koduppom''
|
|[[Kalaignar TV]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Tamil Nadu|Tamil]]
|
|
|-
|2012
!''All In All Alamelu''
|
|[[KTV (India)|KTV]]
|
|
|-
| 2018
!''Super Mom Season 2''
| Contestant
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|Reality Game Show; Along With Her Mother
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2017
!''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]''
|Herself
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|
|-
! ''[[As I'm Suffering From Kadhal]]''
| Smrithi
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|
|
|-
|2021
!''Super Mom Reunion''
|Guest Contestant
| Zee Tamil
|Special Show; Along With Her Mother
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|6620667}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parthavi, Yuvina}}
[[Category:2000s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian child actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Agni-II

2026-02-04T20:45:13Z

Alihaiderhussain: brief expand citations as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|Indian medium-range ballistic missile}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|name=''Agni-II''
|image= Agni-II missile (Republic Day Parade 2004).jpeg
|image_size = 300
|caption= An Agni-II on a road-mobile launcher displayed at the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] Parade 2004.
|origin= India
|type= [[Medium Range Ballistic Missile]]
|service= Active<ref>{{cite web |last1=Press Trust |first1=of India |title=India Test Fires Medium Range Nuclear Capable Agni-II Missile |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-test-fires-medium-range-nuclear-capable-agni-ii-missile/articleshow/62994698.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref>
|used_by= [[Strategic Forces Command]]
|designer=[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
|manufacturer=[[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
|unit_cost= {{INRConvert|25|c}} to {{INRConvert|35|c}}<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp | title = Technical tune to Agni test before talks | access-date =13 December 2007 | work = The Telegraph| location=Calcutta, India | date=30 August 2004| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071211004418/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp| archive-date= 11 December 2007 | url-status= dead}}</ref>
|guidance= '''Mid-course:''' [[Ring laser gyroscope|RLG]]-[[Inertial navigation system|INS]] + multi-[[GNSS]] '''Terminal:''' Radar scene matching. Upgraded to [[Active radar homing|ARH]]
|detonation=
|accuracy=30–40 m CEP<ref name="nti.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/design_characteristics_of_india_ballistic_cruise_missiles.pdf?_=1415821730|title=Design Characteristics of India's Ballistic and Cruise Missiles|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/agni-2/ |title = Agni-II {{!}} Missile Threat}}</ref>
|launch_platform= [[Ashok Leyland]]/Tata [[transporter erector launcher]]
|propellant=[[Solid fuel]]
|engine= Multi-stage [[solid rocket]]
|weight={{convert|16000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|filling_weight={{convert|1000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="nti.org"/>
|number=12 (2017 est.)<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ |title = The Military Balance 2017|isbn = 9781857439007|date = 14 February 2017}}</ref>
|length=21 m<ref name=hindu20100518 >{{cite news|last=Mallikarjun|first=Y.|title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/agniii-missile-testfired-successfully/article769538.ece|access-date=20 October 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 May 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
|diameter=1.3 m
|wingspan=
|speed=3.5 km/s (14,040 km/h)<ref>{{cite web|last=Vishwakarma |first=Arun |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/Images/Indian_Long_Range_StrategicMissiles_-Agni-III_r11.pdf |title=Indian Long Range Strategic Missiles |publisher=Lancer Publishers and Distributors |access-date=13 December 2007 |date=1 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129142104/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/Images/Indian_Long_Range_StrategicMissiles_-Agni-III_r11.pdf |archive-date=29 November 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|vehicle_range=2,000–3,500 km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |title=Missile Detail|access-date=2012-12-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150947/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |archive-date=18 October 2012 }}</ref><ref name="nti.org"/>
|ceiling= 405 km<ref name=bharat-rakshakagni2>{{cite web|title=Agni II|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/ballistic/agni-ii.html|work=Bharat Rakshak – Missiles Section|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=20 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414094339/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/ballistic/agni-ii.html|archive-date=14 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|altitude= 230 km<ref name=hindu20100518 />
|filling= Conventional [[high explosive]]-unitary, penetration, [[Submunitions|sub-munitions]], [[Incendiary device|incendiary]], [[thermobaric]], [[strategic nuclear weapon]]
|production_date=
}}

'''Agni-II''' ({{Lit|[[Agni|Fire]]}}), is the second strategic ballistic missile of the [[Agni (missile)|Agni]] family envisaged to be the mainstay of the Indian missile-based strategic [[nuclear deterrence]]. The Agni-II is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with two solid fuel stages and a Post Boost Vehicle (PBV) integrated into the missile's Re-entry Vehicle (RV). The Agni's manoeuvring RV is made of a carbon-[[carbon composite]] material that is light and able to sustain high [[thermal stress]]es of re-entry, in a variety of trajectories. The Agni-IIA is a more advanced version of Agni-II, albeit with more sophisticated and lighter materials, yielding a better range and operating regime. Agni-IIA was later renamed as [[Agni-IV]] plugging the gap between Agni-II and [[Agni-III]]. While the first test of Agni-IV in December 2010 was a failure, the second test flight in November 2011 was a success<ref>{{cite web|author=T.S. Subramanian |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2629274.ece |title=Missile success |work=The Hindu|date=2011-11-15 |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> Agni-II, developed as part of medium- and long-range Agni series of missile systems, has already been inducted into the Armed Forces.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article431917.ece | location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu | title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully | date=17 May 2010 | first=Y. | last=Mallikarjun}}</ref>
[[File:Agni missile range.svg|thumb|right|250px|Agni missile range comparison.]]

On 17 May 2010, the trial was conducted with a [[Strategic Forces Command]] (SFC) of nuclear-capable Agni-II ballistic missile, with a range of 2,000 kilometres from the Wheelers Island off Orissa coast thus making Agni-II missile operational by army.<ref>{{cite web |author=Super Admin |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2010/05/17/agniii-test-firedsuccessful.html |title=Agni-II test fired successful |publisher=Oneindia |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170540/http://news.oneindia.in/2010/05/17/agniii-test-firedsuccessful.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[US Air Force]] [[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] estimating that as of June 2017 less than 10 launchers were operationally deployed,<ref>[https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19 Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threats] </ref> operated by the [[335 Missile Group]] of [[Regiment of Artillery (India)#Units|Regiment of Artillery]] at [[Secunderabad]] using 12 [[Transporter erector launcher|TEL]] vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |title=Agni-2 |publisher=Missilethreat.com |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150947/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |archive-date=18 October 2012 }}</ref>

Agni-II can reach all of Pakistan and most parts of south and southeastern China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325133346/http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems |archive-date=25 March 2016 |title=India {{!}} Countries {{!}} NTI}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Rocketry|Nuclear technology}}
{{Aircontent
|see also=
* [[India and weapons of mass destruction]]
|related=
* [[Agni V]]
* [[Agni VI]]
|lists=
* [[List of nuclear weapons]]
* [[List of states with nuclear weapons]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Indian missiles}}
{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}

[[Category:Ballistic missiles of India]]
[[Category:Medium-range ballistic missiles]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]

Arun Pathak

2026-02-02T09:57:08Z

Alihaiderhussain: basic expanded information per standard format and fixed typos per sources

{{short description|Indian political activist}}
{{for|other people of this name|Arun Pathak (Bihari politician)|Arun Pathak (Uttar Pradesh politician)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arun Pathak
| image = Arun Pathak Profile.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|6|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = political activist
| website = {{URL|arunpathak.com}}
| organization = [[Vishwa Hindu Sena]]
}}

'''Arun Pathak''' (born 16 June 1975) is an Indian politician and social activist from [[Varanasi]]. He is involved in charity work and campaigns for protection of Hindu culture.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} He has attracted public attention for staging suicide attempts as a form of political protest.

==Activism==
As of 2009, Pathak had been rescued from suicide attempts at least eleven times by his followers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main18.asp?filename=hub071506Yama.asp |title=YAMA, INTERRUPTED |author=Rahul Bhatia |date=5 February 2000 |publisher=[[Tehelka]] |accessdate=23 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716203154/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main18.asp?filename=hub071506Yama.asp |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Liquor stores ===
In 1997, Pathak started a campaign to ban [[liquor store]]s from being in close proximity to religious sites. He wanted this policy to be in place in Varanasi and [[Ayodhya]]. To get attention for this campaign, Pathak climbed to the top of a 300-foot tower in Varanasi and threatened to jump to death. After getting written assurance from the police that the shops would be closed, Pathak climbed down from the tower.<ref name="Bhatia">{{cite web |url=http://greenchannel.blogspot.com/2006/07/invincible-suicide-attempter.html |title=The invincible suicide attempter |author=Rahul Bhatia |date=9 July 2006 |work=Greenchannel blog |publisher= |accessdate=26 November 2010}} Bhatia writes for [[OPEN (Indian magazine)|OPEN]] and publishes additional details from his articles on his blog.</ref>

===Babri Masjid demolition celebration===
In 1998, Pathak organised a celebration in Varanasi to commemorate the [[Demolition of Babri Masjid|1992 demolition of the Babri Masjid]]. He put up flags as decoration, but the local police had them taken down and destroyed. In response Pathak went to police station and took 50 [[valium]] pills in a suicide attempt. Three days later Pathak woke up and found that the in charge police officer Singh had not been fired, so Pathak took 50 more valium pills and threw himself in front of the car of the [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|chief minister of Uttar Pradesh]].{{who|date=May 2016}} Pathak survived and a police officer who was responsible along with Singh was fired for misconduct in removing the flags.<ref name="Bhatia" />

===Film protests===
Pathak led a Vishwa Hindu Sena group in Varanasi to oppose the screening of the film ''[[Girlfriend (2004 film)|Girlfriend]]'' (2004), which dealt with subject matter about lesbians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3808101.stm |title=Police guard Indian lesbian film |author= |date=15 June 2004 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |accessdate=26 November 2010}}</ref>

[[Deepa Mehta]] filmed parts of the 2005 film ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]'' on the ghats in Varanasi. The film was controversial to Pathak for having the line "... if a Brahmin or God sleeps with a woman she is blessed", which he interpreted to be oppressive to [[women's rights]]. To protest the filming, Pathak tied a large stone around his waist, took a boat to the center of the [[Ganges]], and jumped into the river when the cameras were filming. His friends jumped into the river, rescued him, and rushed him to the hospital.<ref name="OPEN">{{cite web |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/living/retired-from-active-suicide |title=Retired from Active Suicide |author=Haima Deshpande |date=26 December 2009 |work=[[OPEN (Indian magazine)|OPEN]] |publisher=Open Media Network Pvt Ltd |accessdate=26 November 2010}}</ref> Pathak's actions were followed by some rioting. The Varanasi city government responded by ordering film production to stop.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/02/07/stories/01070005.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906051548/http://www.hindu.com/2000/02/07/stories/01070005.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 September 2012 |title='Water' shooting stopped again, Mehta 'asked to leave Varanasi' |author= |work=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] |date=6 February 2000 |accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref>

Pakistani Ghazal virtuoso [[Ghulam Ali (singer)|Ghulam Ali]] was invited to perform at Sankat Mochan music festival in 2016 which Pathak did not like. He said that instead of offering the stage to a Pakistani singer, the organisers should invite Indian musicians. He also blamed the organiser for the controversy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/Shiv-Sena-opposes-Ghulam-Alis-performance-in-Kashi/articleshow/51944692.cms|title = Shiv Sena opposes Ghulam Ali's performance in Kashi | Varanasi News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=22 April 2016 }}</ref> He also said that a beef eater like Ghulam Ali must not be allowed to enter in a Hindu temple.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.navbharattimes.com/details/40301-69166-1.html |title=Details |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=7 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507221200/http://epaper.navbharattimes.com/details/40301-69166-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2017, Pathak announced that he with his follower will worship at the controversial temple Mata Shringar Gauri and when Police and the administration arrested him to stop him from doing so, as a protest he again tried to attempt suicide by cutting veins of his hand. He got critically injured and admitted to trauma center immediately.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/shiv-sena-leader-cut-the-vein-of-his-hand-after-police-stopped-him-from-visiting-shringar-gauri/articleshow/59848505.cms |title=Kahsi vishwanath | shiv sena leader cut the vein of his hand after police stopped him from visiting shringar gauri | श्रृंगारगौरी के दर्शन से रोकने पर शिवसेना नेता ने काटी हाथ की नस - Navbharat Times Hindi Newspaper |access-date=26 August 2018 |archive-date=27 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827042514/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/shiv-sena-leader-cut-the-vein-of-his-hand-after-police-stopped-him-from-visiting-shringar-gauri/articleshow/59848505.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 15 August 2018, Pathak and his followers were again arrested by the police as he tried to hoist the national flag on a controversial place Bindu Madhav temple also known as Madhav Rao Dharhara which is a National Monument. This is not the first time when Pathak stopped and got arrested for hoisting the Tricolour on every national festival he attempt to hoist the Tricolor and get arrested with national flag.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalcoverage.co.in/apart-from-kashmir-there-is-a-ban-on-flagging-the-indian-flag-arrests-may-occur|title = Nationalcoverage.co.in}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Arun Pathak Addressing People.JPG | Arun Pathak a public leader
File:ARUNPATHAK10.JPG | Arun Pathak addressing a press conference as a Shiv Sena spokesperson
File:ARUNPATHAK5.JPG | Arun Pathak at a [[Hindutva]] meet
File:ARUNPATHAK4.JPG | Arun Pathak at a protest
File:Rakta Shringaar by Arun Pathak.jpg | Arun Pathak attempt suicide protest by cutting his veins
File:Arun Pathak's arrest by police.jpg | Arun Pathak arrested after attempting to hoist National Flag at Madhav Rao Dharhara
File:Arun pathak 3.jpg | Arun Pathak at a charity event for blind people
File:Arun pathak 1.jpg | Pathak at a book and stationery distribution event for poor students
File:ARUNPATHAK2.JPG | Arun Pathak addressing media
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://arunpathak.com/profile.aspx ArunPathak.com]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathak, Arun}}
[[Category:Activists from Varanasi]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Hindutva]]

Ahuja

2026-01-31T12:57:10Z

Alihaiderhussain: reworked details also and corrected details

{{Short description|Surname of Indic origin}}

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
'''Ahuja''' is an [[Indian surname|Indian]] ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Sindhi name|Sindhi]]) surname, held by [[Hindus]] and [[Sikhs]] of the [[Arora]], [[Jat Sikh|Jat]], and [[Amils|Amil]] [[Lohana]] communities. ''Ahuja'' means "descendant of Ahu".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanks |first=Patrick |author-link=Patrick Hanks |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC |title=Dictionary of American Family Names |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn= |location=New York |pages=xcvii, 15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Thakur |first=U.T. |title=Sindhi Culture |publisher=University of Bombay |year=1959 |pages=85, 87}}</ref>{{Cn|date=January 2026}}

== Notable people ==
=== Administration ===
* [[Deepak Ahuja]] (born 1963), former CFO at Tesla
* [[Kiran Ahuja]] (born 1971), American attorney and activist serving as the director of the United States of America Office of Personnel Management
* [[Ravi Ahuja]] (born 1971), American business executive

=== Armed Forces ===
* [[Ajay Ahuja]] (1963–1999), Indian fighter pilot martyred during the Kargil War

=== Art ===
* [[Ameena Ahmad Ahuja]], Indian painter, calligrapher, writer and linguist
* [[Charanjit Ahuja]] (1953–2025), Indian music producer and composer
* [[Hamisha Daryani Ahuja]] (born 1984), Indian-Nigerian actress and producer
* [[Mequitta Ahuja]] (born 1976), American contemporary feminist painter
* [[Naman Ahuja]] (born 1974), Indian art historian and curator
* [[Nilesh Ahuja]], Indian singer, songwriter and composer
* [[Rita Rani Ahuja]], American actress
* [[Sachin Ahuja]] (born 1978), Indian music producer and music composer

=== Athletics ===
* [[Davinder Ahuja]], badminton bronze medalist at the 1974 Asian Games
* [[Kanika Ahuja]] (born 2002), Indian cricketer
* [[Neha Ahuja]] (born 1981), Indian alpine skier and first Indian woman to qualify for the Winter Olympics
* [[Suraj Ahuja]] (born 1999), Indian cricketer, former captain of the India national under-19 cricket team

=== Bollywood ===
* [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] (born 1963), Indian actor
* [[Aakash Ahuja]] (born 1991), Indian actor
* [[Arun Kumar Ahuja]] (1917–1998), Indian actor
* [[Govinda Ahuja]], Indian actor
* [[Richa Ahuja]], Indian actress
* [[Sarwar Ahuja]] (born 1980), Indian actor
* [[Shiney Ahuja]] (born 1973), Indian actor
* [[Shubhi Ahuja]], Indian actress
* [[Sonam Kapoor Ahuja]], Indian actress
* [[Suhaas Ahuja]], Indian actor
* [[Sushma Ahuja]] (born 1952), Indian director, writer and actress
* [[Krushal Ahuja]] (born 1994), Indian actor

=== Journalism ===
* [[Anjana Ahuja]], British Indian science journalist and a former columnist for ''The Times''
* [[Maneet Ahuja]], American author, journalist, television news producer and hedge fund specialist

=== Politics ===
* [[Gyan Dev Ahuja]], BJP politician
* [[Hargun Das Ahuja]] (born 1970), Pakistani politician

=== Science, medicine and academia ===
* [[Kamal Ahuja]] (born 1954), physiologist and the managing and scientific director of JD Healthcare
* [[M. M. S. Ahuja]] (1929–1998), Indian physician and endocrinologist
* [[Narendra Ahuja]], Indian-American computer scientist
* [[Nita Ahuja]], American surgeon and the Chair of the Department of Surgery at Yale School of Medicine
* [[Ravindra K. Ahuja]] (born 1956), Indian-American computer scientist and entrepreneur and CFO of Optym
* [[Sunil Kumar Ahuja]] (born 1961), professor of medicine at the University of Texas
* [[V. K. Ahuja]] (born 1967), professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, India and is presently serving as the Vice-Chancellor of National Law University, Assam, India

=== Social work ===

* [[Jagdish Lal Ahuja]] (died 2021), Indian social worker
* [[Sparsh Ahuja]], Indian-Australian social activist and documentary film maker

== See also ==

* [[Monte Ahuja College of Business]]
* [[University Hospitals Ahuja Medical Center]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname}}

[[Category:Arora clans]]
[[Category:Khatri surnames]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]
[[Category:Sindhi-language surnames]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Surnames of Hindu origin]]

R. G. Anand v. Deluxe Films

2026-01-15T22:19:47Z

Alihaiderhussain: creating initial data v1

{{Short description|Supreme Court of India case about the idea-expression dichotomy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox court case
|name = RG Anand v. Deluxe Films
|court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagelink =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|full name =
|date decided = 
|citations = AIR 1978 SC 1613
|ECLI =
|transcripts =
|judges =
|number of judges =
|decision by =
|concurring =
|dissenting =
|concur/dissent =
|prior actions =
|appealed from =
|appealed to =
|subsequent actions =
|related actions =
|opinions =
|keywords = 
|italic title =
}}

'''''RG Anand v. Delux Films''''', (AIR 1978 SC 1613) is a landmark decision of the [[Supreme Court of India]] in the area of [[copyright]] law. The case deals with a [[copyright infringement]] suit against the movie [[New Delhi (1956 film)|''New Delhi'']] made by Mohan Sehgal in 1954. The [[plaintiff]] R.G. Anand, contended that it was modeled on the plot of a play ''Hum Hindustani'' written and produced by him. The judgment is remarkable for clarifying the concepts of [[idea-expression dichotomy]] and copyright infringement under the Indian copyright law.

== Background of the case ==
The plaintiff wrote the play ''Ham Hindustani'' and it soon became very popular. In 1954, the defendant Mohan Sehgal sent a letter to the plaintiff that he wishes to make a movie based on the play. The plaintiff met the defendant and discussed the entire play. The defendant did not commit anything, but the plaintiff later came to know that the defendant released a movie titled ''New Delhi''. After watching the movie, the plaintiff was of the opinion that it is based on the story of his play. So he filed a suit against the defendant for permanent injunction and damages. Both the District Court and the High Court ruled against the plaintiff on a finding of the facts. The case finally reached the [[Supreme Court of India]].

== Relevant legal framework ==
A Play is a dramatic work under Section 2(h) of the [[Copyright Act, 1957]]. The movie will be an 'adaptation' as per Section 2(a)(i). For a dramatic work, making an adaptation is a statutory right provided under Section 14 (a)(vi) of the Copyright Act, 1957. A movie which copies a play will be an infringement as per Section 51 unless excluded by Section 52.

== Facts==
This section has the storyline of the play and the movie followed by comparison table for identifying similarities and differences in the play.

===Play===
A Madrasi and Punjabi family are neighbours. They have cordial relations. Chandra, the daughter in the Punjabi family and Amni, the son in the Madrasi family fall in love with each other. Both sets of parents are against this affair and set out to find same-community matches for their kids. By a divine coincidence both engage Dhanwantri-a marriage broker for this purpose. Chandra's parents find a boy named Bansi for her. Chandra asks Amni to talk to his parents but he prefers suicide instead. Eventually, both enter into a suicidal pact and run away leaving behind a suicide note. Before they go ahead with their plan, Dhanwantri intervenes and gets them married. In another scene, the parents are distraught to find the note and regret their aversion to inter-community marriage but at the same time the married couple enters.

===Movie===
Anand, a graduate comes from Punjab to Delhi and meets Janaki, a Madrasi girl on the railway station. Anand finds it difficult to find accommodation and has to pretend to be a Madrasi. Subramanian, father of Janaki lives close by and meets Anand. Anand happens to join the music school where Janaki teaches. Janaki is impressed by Anand's singing and slowly falls for him. She invites him to a celebration at her house. Next day, he plans a date with Janaki but realizes that his father and sister are arriving in town. He goes out on the pretext of showing the city to his sister Nikki and meets an acquaintance Ashok Banerjee, a Bengali painter there. He leaves his sister with Ashok and goes to meet Janaki. Later all 4 of them come face to face and Anand does not introduce Nikki as his sister to Janaki at which Nikki gets offended. He later explains the whole situation to her. Meanwhile, Ashok falls for Nikki. Subramaniam wants Anand to marry Janaki and invites his father to discuss this. Anand takes his south Indian cook as his father to their house. The principal of the music school invites Anand and Janaki for an award ceremony where Anand again has to present the cook as his father and because of this the actual father gets offended. He goes to the stage and beats up the cook. The truth about Anand being a Punjabi and not a Madrasi is out. Both fathers don't like their kids associating with a person from another community. Subramaniam arranges Janaki's marriage. Anand asks Janaki to negotiate with her father. Janaki tries but is rebuked by her father. Janaki is frustrated and runs away leaving a suicide note. At the river which is the spot she chooses to die, she meets an old friend of her fathers who promises to help her. He takes her to Anand's father's house where she pretends to be a Punjabi girl and the proposal for marriage is accepted.
In another story, Nikki's marriage has been arranged with someone from her own community after her father got to know about her and Ashok's affair. At the marriage ceremony, the groom demands dowry. Nikki's father is unable to pay. Ashok arrives on the scene and offers his mother's jewelry to pay for Nikki's [[dowry]]. Nikki's father has an awakening and after seeing the difference between the values of Ashok and the Punjabi groom, he agrees to an alliance between Nikki and Ashok. Thus, there is a happy ending for all parties involved.

== Important issues discussed by the Court ==
*Is the film ''New Delhi'' an infringement of the plaintiff's copyright in the play ''Hum Hindustani''?
*Have defendants or any of them infringed the plaintiff's copyright by producing, or distributing or exhibiting the film ''New Delhi''?

==Important aspects of the decision ==
The Court clarified the following important aspects in this case<ref>Para 52 of the judgement</ref> -
#There can be no copyright in an idea, subject-matter, themes, plots or historical or legendary facts and violation of the copyright in such cases is confined to the form, manner and arrangement and expression of the idea by the author of the copyrighted work.
#It has to be seen whether similarities are fundamental or substantial aspects of the mode of expression adopted in the copyrighted work. Copying should be substantial or material one.
#Test: Whether the viewer after having read or seen both the works is clearly of the opinion and gets an unmistakable impression that the subsequent work appears to be a copy of the original.
#Where theme is same but presented differently, there can be no question of infringement.
#If there are material and broad dissimilarities along with similarities, it negatives the intention to copy the original work. If the coincidences appearing in the work are clearly incidental then there can't be infringement.
#If the viewer after the incident gets the idea that the film is by and large a copy of the original play, violation of the copyright may be said to be proved.
#Burden of proof is on the plaintiff in cases where a stage play has been infringed by a movie director.

After applying the principles enunciated above the court ruled that it cannot be said that the film is a "{{not a typo|[s]ubstantial}} or material copy of the play written by the plaintiff."(Para 67) The judges were of the opinion that no prudent person after seeing both the works will get the impression that there is a copy. At most, the central theme of provincialism is the same but that is an idea not protected by copyright. Justice Pathak in his [[concurring opinion]] said "[t]he story portrayed by the film travels beyond the plot delineated in the play." (Para 72) He also observed that "[i]n the attempt to show that he is not guilty of infringement of copyright, it is always possible for a person intending to take advantage of the intellectual effort and labours of another to so develop his own product that it covers a wider field than the area included within the scope of the earlier product, and in the common area covered by the two productions to introduce changes in order to disguise the attempt at plagiarism." (Para 72) However he said, in the present case the dissimilarities are so material that it is not possible to say that there is an infringement. For future cases, he opined that "[i]n another, and perhaps a clearer case, it may be necessary for this Court to interfere and remove the impression which may have gained ground that the copyright belonging to an author can be readily infringed by making immaterial changes, introducing insubstantial differences and enlarging the scope of the original theme so that a veil of apparent dissimilarity is thrown around the work now produced. The court will look strictly at not only blatant examples of copying but also at reprehensible attempts at colourable limitation." (Para 72)

==Significance of the decision ==
This judgement is considered as a landmark decision in the area of [[Indian copyright law]]. Most importantly, it clarified that copyright protection does not extend to mere ideas. This case has been cited and followed in many of the subsequent judgments from different courts in India. One of the most recent ones is Mansoob Haider v. Yashraj Films,<ref>2014 (59) PTC 292.</ref> from the [[Bombay High Court]] where the Court had to decide whether the Bollywood movie ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' was an infringement of the plaintiff's copyright in the script ''ONCE''.

To some extent the test [[Keel laying|laid down]] by the Supreme Court in this case can be compared with the Nichols abstraction test in the US. The residue after filtering out dissimilarities is the idea which is not copyrightable and similarity of ideas does not lead to copyright infringement.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{italic title}}

[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]
[[Category:Indian intellectual property law]]
[[Category:1956 controversies]]
[[Category:1978 controversies]]
[[Category:Copyright case law]]
[[Category:Controversies about films in India]]
[[Category:Copyright infringement]]
[[Category:Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:1956 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:1978 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:Kishore Kumar]]

Serajuddin Ahmad

2026-01-05T13:46:51Z

Alihaiderhussain: Put Up New Data

{{Short description|Bengali politician}}{{Distinguish|Siraj Uddin Ahmed|Mohammad Siraj Uddin Ahmed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{One source|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Serajuddin Ahmad
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Garhbeta I|Krishnapur]], [[Midnapore district]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 1946
| term_end1 = 1947
| predecessor1 = [[Alfazuddin Ahmed]]
| constituency1 = [[Midnapore district|Midnapore]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| occupation =
| organization =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse =
| children =
| father =
| relatives =
| awards =
| alma_mater =
}}
'''Serajuddin Ahmad''' was a Bengali politician.

==Early life and education==
Ahmad was born into a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in the village of [[Garhbeta I|Krishnapur]] in the [[Midnapore district]] of the [[Bengal Presidency]].

==Career==
Ahmad contested in the [[1946 Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] and won a seat at the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian Year Book|editor=[[Stanley Reed (British politician)|Reed, Sir Stanley]]|year=1947}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad, Serajuddin}}
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Bengal MLAs 1946–1947]]

{{WestBengal-politician-stub}}

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Hindustani and allied languages

2025-12-09T14:52:29Z

Alihaiderhussain: Put Up A Info

{{short description|Wikimedia subject-area collaboration}}
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Navigation}}
{{Shortcut|WP:HU}}
Some [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]s have formed a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|project]] to improve the organisation and quality of articles related to the [[Hindustani language]] and all allied languages/dialects, either to itself or to one of its [[Register (linguistics)|registers]], [[Hindi]] or [[Urdu]]. The project is a direct child of the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject India|Indian Wikiproject]]; however, both [[Pakistan]]is and [[India]]ns are welcome to join this project, provided they understand or want to understand the relationships among the concerned languages linguistically and not ideologically.

If you would like to help, please inquire on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] and see the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindustani and allied languages/to do|to-do list]] there.

==Scope==
The scope of this article fundamentally is loosely defined as all articles and sections relating to [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Almost all of these will be (eventually) categorised under Category:Uttar Pradesh and Category:India

==Goals==
# To produce as many [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured Articles]] as possible related to the above mentioned languages.

==Participants==
{{User WP|Hindustani and allied languages|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|nocat={{{nocat|}}}}} Please add your name to this list using <nowiki>{{user|username}}</nowiki> and consider adding this userbox to your user page.
*{{user|Maquahuitl}}
*[[User:Faizhaider|Sayed Mohd Faiz Haider Rizvi]] ([[User talk:Faizhaider|talk]]) 05:04, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
*{{user|Rana A.R}}
*{{user|Aryamanarora}} - sysop at en.wikt
*{{User|Sattvic7}} 10:51:04, 7 December 2019 (UTC)
*{{User|Citation unneeded}}

==Descendant or Allied/Similar WikiProjects==
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Himachal Pradesh]]
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Haryana]]
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Pakistan]]

==Portal==
We will try to come up with a portal once we have a strong base of articles.

== Discussion ==
*[[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Hindustani and allied languages]]

==Naming conventions==
[[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Indic)|Indic]] naming conventions are to be generally followed
in the Wikiproject. The page specifically mentions about Arabic-derived scripts as well.

==Structure==
Refer to
'''To be filled'''

== WikiProject Hindustani and allied languages notice ==

Place this WikiProject notice [[Template:WP India]] at the top of an article's Talk page to direct editors to the WikiProject Uttar Pradesh for guidelines. On pages of Urdu/Hindustani/dialects of Urdu spoken in Pakistan, etc. place the WikiProject notice [[Template:WP Pakistan]] too.

To use it, place
'''<nowiki>{{WP India|bengal=yes}}</nowiki>'''
at the top of an article's Talk page.

==Stubs==
'''To do'''

==Templates==
'''To do'''

==Featured and Good Content==

</noinclude>
<includeonly><div align="right"> ([[Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Featured and good content|view]] • [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Featured and good content|action=edit}} edit] • [[Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject India/Featured and good content|discuss]] • [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_India/Featured_and_good_content&action=history history] • [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_India/Featured_and_good_content&action=watch watch] )</div></includeonly>
{|cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="width: 75%;"
|valign="top" align="left" width="50%" |
{|style="font-size: 0.90em; border: 1px solid #C6D5DC;"
|style="background-color:#DEE0E2; font-weight: bold;"|[[Image:LinkFA-star.png]] Must be FA
|-
|style="background-color: #E8E9EA;" |
# [[Hindustani]]
# [[Urdu]]
# [[PUNJABI]]
# [[Devanagari]]
# [[Nastaliq]]
# [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
# [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]
# [[Braj bhasha]]
# [[Marwari language|Marwari]]
# [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
# [[Gujarati ]]
|}
| valign="top" align="left" |
{|style="font-size: 0.90em; border: 1px solid #E7D1DA; width: 100%;"
|style="background-color:#F6D6E4; font-weight: bold;"|[[Image:LinkFA-star.png]] [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured articles/candidates]]
|-
|style="background-color: #F6E3EB;" |
# [[Syed Ahmed Khan]] [[Image:Yes check.svg|10px]]2 November 2006 ([[Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 3, 2007|Featured:3 February, 2007]])
# [[Muhammad Iqbal]] [[Image:Yes check.svg|10px]]6 July 2006 ([[Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 19, 2007|Featured:19 December, 2006]])
|}
 

{|style="font-size: 0.90em; border: 1px solid #C6D5DC; width: 100%;"
|style="background-color:#DEE0E2; font-weight: bold;"|[[Image:LinkFA-star.png]] On FA path
|-
|style="background-color: #E8E9EA;" |
# [[Hindustani]]
# [[Hindi]]
# [[Urdu]]
|}
 
{{FAPath}}
 
{|style="font-size: 0.90em; border: 1px solid #CFE5BC; width: 100%;"
|style="background-color:#D6DFCE; font-weight: bold;"|[[Image:LinkFA-star.png]] [[Wikipedia:Featured_pictures|Featured pictures/candidates]]
|-
|style="background-color: #f0fff0;" |
# [[:Image:Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg | Taj Mahal]]
|}
 
{|style="font-size: 0.90em; border: 1px solid #E7D1DA; width: 100%;"
|style="background-color:#F6D6E4; font-weight: bold;"|[[Image:LinkFA-star.png]] [[Wikipedia:Featured_lists|Featured lists]]
|-
|style="background-color: #F6E3EB;" |
None yet
|}
 
|}

==Articles currently in [[Wikipedia:Peer review|PR]]==
none at this moment
 
[[Category:Pakistan-related WikiProjects|Hindustani and allied languages]]
[[Category:India-related WikiProjects|Hindustani and allied languages]]
[[Category:WikiProject Languages]]

Northern dry deciduous forests

2025-12-04T08:36:47Z

Alihaiderhussain: creating new page w/ infobox

{{Short description|Ecoregion of India}}
{{Infobox ecoregion
|name = Northern dry deciduous forests
{{Coord|21|45|56|N|84|52|05|E|display=title}}
|image = Kanger valley National park.jpg
|image_size =
|image_alt =
|caption = [[Kanger Valley National Park]]
|map = Ecoregion IM0208.png
|map_size =
|map_alt =
|map_caption = Ecoregion territory (in purple)
|ecozone = [[Indomalayan realm|Indomalayan]]
|biome = [[tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests]]
|animals =
|bird_species =
|mammal_species =
|border = [[Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests]]
|area = 58154
|country = [[India]]
|state1 = [[Odisha]]
|state2 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
|state3 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|region_type = States
|elevation =
|geology =
|seas =
|rivers =
|climate =
|soil =
|conservation = critical/endangered
|global200 =
|habitat_loss =
|habitat_loss_ref =
|coordinates =
|protected = 1,604 km2 (3
|protected_ref = )<ref name="doi.org">Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]</ref>
|embedded =
}}

The '''Northern dry deciduous forests''', presently known as the '''North Deccan dry deciduous forests''',<ref name="doi.org" /> is a [[tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest|tropical dry broadleaf forest]] [[ecoregion]] of east-central [[India]].

==Geography==
It covers an area of {{convert|58,200|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}, mostly in western [[Odisha]] state, with portions in neighboring [[Chhattisgarh]]. The region extends northeast–southwest in the dry western [[rain shadow]] of the [[Eastern Ghats]] range, which block the moisture-laden [[monsoon]] winds from the [[Bay of Bengal]] to the east. It is surrounded by the more humid [[Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests]] ecoregion.

The ecoregion lies mostly in the middle basin of the [[Mahanadi|Mahanadi River]] and its tributary the [[Tel River|Tel]]. The southern portion of the ecoregion lies in the upper basin of the [[Indravati River]], a tributary of the [[Godavari]].

==Flora==
The original vegetation was a multi-storied forest of mostly dry-season deciduous trees, dominated by [[Shorea robusta|sal]] (''Shorea robusta''). Little of the original forest remains. [[Teak]] (''Tectona grandis''), which favors drier conditions, is more common in the remaining forests. Frequent fires, intensive grazing, and over-harvesting trees for firewood and fodder has reduced other areas to open scrubland or savanna. Much of the ecoregion has been converted to agriculture or pasture.<ref name = wwf>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Northern dry-deciduous forests|id=im0208}}</ref>

==Fauna==
The ecoregion has 68 native mammal species. Threatened mammals include the [[tiger]] (''Panthera tigris''), [[dhole]] (''Cuon alpinus''), [[sloth bear]] (''Melursus ursinus''), and [[chousingha]] (''Tetracerus quadricornis'').<ref name = wwf/>

There are 261 bird species in the ecoregion. They include the [[Indian grey hornbill]] (''Ocyceros birostris'') and [[Oriental pied hornbill]] (''Anthracoceros albirostris'').<ref name = wwf/>

==Conservation==
A 1997 assessment found that more than three-quarters of the ecoregion's natural habitat had been cleared or degraded. Four protected areas encompassed about 2.5 percent of the ecoregion's area.<ref>Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; [[Washington, DC]]. pp. 321-322</ref> A 2017 assessment estimated that 1,604 km2, or 3%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Another 12% is forested but unprotected.<ref name="doi.org">Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]</ref>

* [[Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Odisha]] (340 km2)
* [[Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Raigarh district]], Chhattisgarh (290 km2)
* [[Kanger Ghati National Park]], Chhattisgarh (230 km2)
* [[Sunabeda Tiger Reserve]], [[Nuapada district]], Odisha (591 km2)

==See also==
*[[List of ecoregions in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{WWF ecoregion|name=Northern dry deciduous forests|id=im0208}}
* {{commons-inline}}

[[Category:Northern dry deciduous forests| ]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of India]]
[[Category:Indomalayan ecoregions]]
[[Category:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests]]

L. Krishnaswami Bharathi

2025-11-30T23:18:19Z

Alihaiderhussain: adding the stub & citations

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter, politician (1904–1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = L. Krishnaswami Bharathi
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1904|07|26}}
| birth_place = [[Tirunelveli|Tinnevelly]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1999|10|31|1904|07|26}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| nationality = Indian
| party = Indian National Congress
| otherparty =
| spouse = Lakshmi Bharathi
| children = K. Lakshmi Kanthan Bharathi
| occupation = Advocate, Politician
| office1 = Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
| term_start1 = 1946
| term_end1 = 1950
| constituency1 = [[Madras State]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Provisional Parliament of India]]
| term_start2 = 1950
| term_end2 = 1952
| constituency2 = [[Madras State]]
| office3 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madras Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1937
| term_end3 = 1943
| constituency3 =
}}

'''L. Krishnaswami Bharathi''' (26 July 1904 {{En dash}} 31 October 1999) was an Indian [[freedom fighter]], politician and parliamentarian from [[Tamil Nadu]] who served as a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] from 1946 to 1950, representing the erstwhile [[Madras State]]. He became a member of the [[Provisional Parliament of India|Provisional Parliament]] from 1950 to 1952, again representing the same region.<ref name=CAI>{{cite web |title=L. Krishnaswami Bharathi (1904-1999) |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/members/l-krishnaswami-bharathi/ |website=Constitutionofindia.net}}</ref> He was a Congress leader and advocate of [[Gandhians|Gandhian]] values who contributed to the official language issue in the Constituent Assembly.<ref name=Obituary>{{cite web |title=Obituary speech at Parliament |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/717741/1/6683.pdf |publisher=Parliament Digital Library}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He was born on 26 July 1904 in Tinnevelly, Tamil Nadu. He received his education at Hindu College, Tinnevelly, and Presidency College, Madras. Bharathi then pursued law at both Trivandrum Law College and Madras Law College, qualifying as an advocate at the Madras High Court in 1928.<ref name=CAI/> He was an advocate by profession.{{fact|date=September 2024}}

Bharathi joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1930 and participated in the [[Indian independence movement]]. He was imprisoned for his involvement in the [[Satyagraha]] movements of 1932 and 1940. He was elected to the [[Madras Legislative Assembly]] in 1937.<ref name=CAI/>

He participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement alongside his wife and was sentenced to six months of rigorous imprisonment.<ref>{{cite news |title=Language Issues in the Constituent Assembly |url=https://modernrationalist.com/language-issues-in-the-constituent-assembly/ |publisher=The Modern Rationalist |date=10 February 2020}}</ref>

Bharathi became part of the Constituent Assembly of India representing Madras on a Congress Party ticket. In 1937, he left the Congress party to participate in the anti-Hindi agitation as a protest against making Hindi compulsory in schools.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Venkatachalapathy |first1=A R |title=When the South rose against Hindi |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/when-the-south-rose-against-hindi/20190614.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=14 June 2019}}</ref>

His contributions included interventions in debates on provincial languages and the principles of [[Gandhism]]. He participated in the All-India Language Expert Conference during 1949-50 and played a key role in translating the [[Constitution of India]] into [[Tamil language]] in 1951.<ref name=CAI/>

He held positions on the Road Traffic Board and Debt Conciliation Board for the [[Madras State|Government of Madras]].<ref name=CAI/>
== Personal life ==
He was married to Lakshmi Bharathi, who was also an independence activist who participated in several protests, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, and served time in jail. His son, K. Lakshmi Kanthan Bharathi, was also a freedom fighter and later served as a bureaucrat until his retirement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saravanan |first1=T. |title=The staircase to freedom |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-staircase-to-freedom/article2738371.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 December 2011}}</ref>
== Death ==
He died on 31 October 1999, in Chennai, at the age of 95.<ref name=Obituary/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharathi, L. Krishnaswami}}
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Tirunelveli district]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]

Beighton Cup

2025-11-28T16:22:10Z

Alihaiderhussain: small edit

{{Short description|Field hockey tournament in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox sports league
| name = All India Beighton Cup Hockey Tournament
| image = Beighton Cup.jpg
| caption = The Beighton Cup trophy
| pixels =
| country = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| administrator = Hockey Bengal
| headquarters = [[Kolkata]]
| sport = [[Field hockey]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1895}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|title=Chronology of Important Sports Events — West Bengal|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal – Department of youth services and sports|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013092944/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|archive-date=13 October 2022|location=Kolkata}}</ref>
| tournament_format =
| folded =
| teams = 20
| champion = Indian Navy (2nd title)
| most_champs = [[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]] (14 titles)
| tv =
| website = {{URL|https://www.hockeybengal.org/|hockeybengal.org}}
| current = 2024
}}
The '''Beighton Cup''' (also known as the '''Coal India Beighton Cup''' for sponsorship reasons<ref>{{cite web|title=BEIGHTON CUP WILL START FROM 19TH JANUARY AT KOLKATA|url=https://neindiabroadcast.com/2024/01/17/beighton-cup-will-start-from-19th-january-at-kolkata/|publisher=NE India Broadcast|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref>) is a [[field hockey]] tournament organized by Hockey Bengal (formerly the Bengal Hockey Association).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/essays/one-west-bengal-was-the-excellency-center-of-hockey-and-petrochemical-in-all-india/cid/1403525|title=আমরা হকিতেও ছিলাম, পেট্রোরসায়ন শিল্পেও ছিলাম — সবই এখন অতীত|trans-title=We were in hockey, we were in the petrochemical industry — all in the past|website=anandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|first=Mohit|last=Roy|date=31 January 2023|access-date=1 February 2023|location=Kolkata|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201045709/https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/editorial/essays/one-west-bengal-was-the-excellency-center-of-hockey-and-petrochemical-in-all-india/cid/1403525|archive-date=1 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/hockey|title=WB Sports & Youth Dept — Hockey in West Bengal|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=15 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415220739/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/hockey|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=West Bengal Department of Youth Services And Sports|location=Kolkata}}</ref> Instituted in 1895, it is one of the oldest [[field hockey]] tournaments in the world and is held every year in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/beighton-cup |title=Beighton Cup |publisher=Hockey Bengal |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105145704/https://www.hockeybengal.org/beighton-cup |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/prestigious-beighton-cup-revived-after-three-years-will-be-held-from-december-11-18/ |title=Prestigious Beighton Cup Revived After Three Years, 124th Edition Will Be Held From December 11–18 |publisher=Hockey Passion |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105145707/https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/prestigious-beighton-cup-revived-after-three-years-will-be-held-from-december-11-18/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/beighton.htm |title=Beighton Cup |publisher=Bharatiya Hockey |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612122617/http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/beighton.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/from-the-beighton-and-aga-khan-cup-to-the-hil-hockey-indias-evolution |title=From the Beighton and Aga Khan Cup to the HIL |publisher=Sportskeeda |last=Mandapaka |first=Ravi Teja |date=25 October 2012 |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105145707/https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/from-the-beighton-and-aga-khan-cup-to-the-hil-hockey-indias-evolution |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==
===Aristocratic 19th century origins===
Instituted in 1895, the tournament's origins are steeped in both the era of [[British colonialism]] and the English [[aristocracy]]. The tournament was named after its British donor, [[Sessions Court|Judge]] Thomas Durant Beighton of the [[Indian Civil Service]] and Legal Remembrancer to the [[Governor of Bengal|Government of Bengal]]. Born in 1846,<ref>{{cite book |last1=W. |first1=Haughton |title=The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824–1900 |date=24 May 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135795498 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4j_S2oRpMX4C&dq=beighton+thomas+durant++1846&pg=PA1211 |access-date=4 November 2022 |quote=Beighton - 1846-1906 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202054507/https://books.google.com/books?id=4j_S2oRpMX4C&dq=beighton+thomas+durant++1846&pg=PA1211 |url-status=live }}</ref> Beighton died in [[Gibraltar]] of heart failure in February 1906.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hockey Gods |url=https://hockeygods.com/forums/6/topics/575 |publisher=Copyright © 2022 HockeyGods.com |access-date=1 November 2022 |quote=The Beighton Cup was named after the then Legal Remembrancer of the Government of Bengal, Mr. [T]homas [D]urant Beighton. |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101032229/https://hockeygods.com/forums/6/topics/575 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Legal Remembrancer's Manual |date=1971 |publisher=West Bengal (India). Legal Remembrancer's Directorate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rm3pGwAACAAJ |access-date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202054506/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_Legal_Remembrancer_s_Manual/rm3pGwAACAAJ?hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=India List - Civil and Military |date=1888 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yRAbAQAAIAAJ&dq=Legal+Remembrancer+Beighton&pg=PA26-IA12 |quote=1867 - Beighton, Thomas Durant, District and Sess. Judge, Bengal |access-date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202054508/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/India_Office_List/yRAbAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Legal+Remembrancer+Beighton&pg=PA26-IA12&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Homeward Mail - PERSONAL AND OFFICIAL |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=thomas%20durant%20beighton%20bengal&from=1897&to=1925 |access-date=1 November 2022 |publisher=The Homeward Mail |date=6 February 1906 |quote=Homeward Mail from India, China and the East London, England 24 Feb 1906 The Homeward Mall. PERSONAL AND OFFICIAL India in the Public Works Dept. The death has occurred at Gibraltar, from heart failure, of Mr. Thomas Durant Beighton, late of the Bengal Civil Service. Mr. Beighton had been since his retirement from the Indian Civil Service in 1896 an active Unionist worker. He was...[member of the United Club]... |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101065444/https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=thomas%20durant%20beighton%20bengal&from=1897&to=1925 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Beighton had married for a second time in 1897 and in 1898 had a son, Thomas Percival Durant Beighton (aka T.P.D. Beighton, died 1971), who was, like his father, a keen sportsman, particularly at both [[Winchester College]] and [[Christ Church Oxford|Christ Church, Oxford University]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Princess of Wales |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=wood%20dorothy%20beighton%20thomas%20durant&from=1897&to=1925 |publisher=Morning Post London, England 11 Mar 1898 |date=11 March 1898 |quote=Morning Post London, England 4 Feb 1897 NOTICES place on the 21st of April, at Bath. A marriage has been arranged, and will take place at Cannes on Saturday, between Thomas Durant Beighton, late of the Indian Civil Service, and recently a member of the Bengal Legislative Council, and Ada, widow of the...[Also]...Morning Post London, England, 11 Mar 1898 - Mrs. T. Durant Beighton gave birth to a son on Thursday morning at..., Gloucester-square, Hyde- park. |access-date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101065556/https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=wood%20dorothy%20beighton%20thomas%20durant&from=1897&to=1925 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wells |first1=P. |title=Winchester College 1867-1920 (and Old Wykehamists 1975) |date=1923 |publisher=Winchester College |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbowAAAAYAAJ&dq=t+p+d+Beighton+winchester&pg=PA554 |access-date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202054507/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Winchester_College_1867_1920/ZbowAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=t+p+d+Beighton+winchester&pg=PA554&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref> He later published his accounts as a [[Driving|motoring]] enthusiast; a sport, like cricket, that he enjoyed with his brother-in-law, [[Middleton family#Family law and woollen manufacturing firms|John Alfred Middleton]], [[Military Cross|MC]], whose wedding to T.P.D. Beighton's sister, Dorothea, in London at [[St Peter's Church, Eaton Square]] had featured on the front page of the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' on 5 January 1922.<ref>{{cite news |title=Busy Cupids |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=st%20peters%20eaton%20square%20%20beighton%20middleton&county=london%2c%20england&from=1920&to=1922 |access-date=17 November 2022 |publisher=The Tatler |date=21 December 1921 |quote=At St. Peter's Church, Eaton Square, on January 4, [1922] Mr. J. A. Middle- ton, M.C., is to be married to Miss Dorothea Beighton, and on...[Also, Front Page, [[Daily Mirror]] London, England 5 January 1922...by dainty little train-bearers, outside the church after the wedding yesterday of Mr. J. A. Middleton, M.C., and Miss D. Beighton, at St. Peter's, Eaton-square.—(Daily Mirror photograph.)] |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117014810/https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=st%20peters%20eaton%20square%20%20beighton%20middleton&county=london,%20england&from=1920&to=1922 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cricket |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=beighton%20middleton&from=1919&to=1921 |publisher=Star Green ...Yorkshire, England |date=30 July 1921 |quote=...Middleton sent one ball perilously near to mid-off and banged the next ball into the sight screen. Then Beighton took off his bails! |access-date=15 November 2022 |archive-date=15 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115050211/https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=beighton%20middleton&from=1919&to=1921 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Near East |date=10 March 1921 |page=290 |title=Personal and General |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0AZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA290 |access-date=3 November 2022 |quote=The engagement is announced of John Middleton, younger son of Mr and Mrs Gilbert Middleton of Glebe House, Headingley, Leeds and Dorothea, only daughter of the late Thomas Durant Beighton, I.C.S., Member of Bengal Legislative Council, and Mrs Arthur Saltren-Willett,... |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202054509/https://books.google.com/books?id=g0AZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA290 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=COURT AND PERSONAL |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=j%20a%20middleton%20mc&county=yorkshire%2c%20england&from=1910&to=1922 |access-date=17 November 2022 |publisher=Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer Yorkshire, England |date=7 December 1921 |quote=The marriage arranged between Mr. J. A. Middleton, M.C., and Miss Dorothea Beighten [daughter of Judge Thomas D. Beighton] will take place at St. Peter's, Eaton Square, January 4 [1922], 12.15 p.m. Owing to the mourning [of the groom's late father, Gilbert Middleton...] |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117012844/https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=j%20a%20middleton%20mc&county=yorkshire%2C%20england&from=1910&to=1922 |url-status=live }}</ref> T.P.D. Beighton and Middleton had been [[boarding school|boarders]] together at Winchester and then [[Enlisted rank|enlisted]] during [[WWI]] following which they both entered Christ Church, Oxford as [[freshmen]] in 1919.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beighton |first1=T.P.D. |title=Rome Overnight |date=1965 |publisher=Temple Press Ltd. |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EzojAQAAMAAJ&q=t+p+d+beighton+++motor |access-date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202054508/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_Motor/EzojAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=t+p+d+beighton+++motor&dq=t+p+d+beighton+++motor&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=LIST OF FRESHMEN |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=oxford%20freshmen%20%20middleton%20beighton&from=1918&to=1921 |access-date=2 November 2020 |publisher=Oxford Chronicle and Reading Gazette, Oxfordshire |date=2 May 1919 |quote=Oxford Chronicle and Reading Gazette Oxfordshire, England 2 May 1919 LIST OF FRESHMEN A. F. Gilmor, F. L. Moss, G. Pakenharn-Walsh, .1! B. Herbert, Hon, R. H. Winn, R. E. Owen, T. F. Coade, T. P. D. Beighton, A. J. Middleton,... |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102022728/https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=oxford%20freshmen%20%20middleton%20beighton&from=1918&to=1921 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wells |first1=P. |title=Winchester College 1867-1920 (and Old Wykehamists 1975) |date=1923 |publisher=Winchester College |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbowAAAAYAAJ&dq=t+p+d+Beighton+winchester&pg=PA554 |quote=...John Alfred Middleton...his wife was [Dorothy] the sister of T.P.D. Beighton (Winchester (1911-1916) and Christ Church (1919-)...Accountant... |access-date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202054507/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Winchester_College_1867_1920/ZbowAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=t+p+d+Beighton+winchester&pg=PA554&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref> T.P.D. Beighton's wife, Kathleen Muriel Beighton (née Hood), was the daughter of sports benefactor [[Sir Joseph Hood, 1st Baronet]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Burke's Peerage |date=1963 |publisher=Burke's Peerage Ltd. |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUIqAQAAMAAJ&q=burke%27s+peerage+beighton+kathleen |access-date=1 November 2022 |quote=Kathleen Muriel [Hood] ( 41, Palace Gardens Terrace, W.8 ), 1.902 1905; m . 1stly, 20 April 1929 ( m . diss . by div . 1938 ), Thomas Percival Durant Beighton, eldest son of late Thomas Durant Beighton, 1.C.S. S |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202055019/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Burke_s_Genealogical_and_Heraldic_Histor/PUIqAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=burke%27s+peerage+beighton+kathleen&dq=burke%27s+peerage+beighton+kathleen&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sir Joseph Hood's Many Benefactions |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=sir%20joseph%20hood%20%20playing%20fileds&from=1920&to=1949 |access-date=3 November 2020 |publisher=Liverpool Echo Lancashire, England |date=10 Jan 1931 |quote=SIR JOSEPH HOOD'S MANY BENEFACTIONS Sir Joseph Hood. Bart., J.P., died at his residence, Greycourt, Parkside, Wimbledon Common, London, to-day. He took a great interest in the National Playing Fields Association. In 1921 he purchased, laid out, ... |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103041723/https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=sir%20joseph%20hood%20%20playing%20fileds&from=1920&to=1949 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Recent decades===
Today, the Beighton Cup hockey tournament is organised by Hockey Bengal, previously called the Bengal Hockey Association and used to be held on natural grass at the [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Mohun Bagan ground]] on the [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]] in [[Kolkata]] (earlier called Calcutta) in [[India]]. For last few years, it has been held on Astro Turf (artificial grass) at Sports Authority of India (SAI East) in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/beighton.htm
|title = Beighton Cup
|access-date = 2007-04-13
|publisher = bharatiyahockey.org
|archive-date = 12 June 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210612122617/http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/beighton.htm
|url-status = live
}}</ref> The Beighton Cup was initially organized by the [[Indian Football Association]], until the Bengal Hockey Association took over in 1905.<ref name = "Telegraph">{{cite web
|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041204/asp/calcutta/story_4080762.asp
|title = All hail hockey on history high
|access-date = 2007-04-13
|last = O’Brien
|first = Barry
|work = Eye on Calcutta
|publisher = The Telegraph, 4 December 2004
|archive-date = 25 March 2012
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120325011424/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041204/asp/calcutta/story_4080762.asp
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

In the 1940s and 1950s, Bengal had strong teams in Kolkata such as Customs and Port Commissioners, and Bengal-Nagpur Railway in [[Kharagpur]]. It went on to win the 1952 national hockey championship held in Kolkata, defeating Punjab.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/bengal.htm
|title = Hockey in Bengal
|access-date = 2007-04-13
|publisher = bharatiyahockey.org
|archive-date = 16 May 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210516045658/http://bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/bengal.htm
|url-status = live
}}</ref>

==Dhyan Chand remembers==
In his autobiography ''Goal!'', the legendary [[Dhyan Chand]] remembers his Beighton Cup debut. He says, "In my opinion it is perhaps the best organised hockey event in the country. Kolkata is indeed lucky that it has at least three or four first class hockey grounds on the maidan, and this is a great advantage to run a tournament on schedule. Instituted in 1895, this tournament has had a non-stop run. [[World War I|World Wars I]] and [[World War II|II]] did not affect the tournament. Threats of [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] bombs and actual bombings in Kolkata while the hockey season was on also did not prevent the tournament from being held. That being said, it is sad to think that the tournament had to yield to the communal frenzy which gripped the nation in 1946–47."<ref name = "Dhyanchand">{{cite web
|url = http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/granthalaya/goal/1936/page1.htm
|title = The Beighton Cup
|access-date = 2007-04-13
|publisher = bharatiyahockey.org
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070422192223/http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/granthalaya/goal/1936/page1.htm| archive-date= 22 April 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

==Hockey in Kolkata==
Apart from the Beighton Cup, Kolkata had many firsts in hockey to its credit. The first hockey association in India was formed in 1908 — the Bengal Hockey Association. The first national hockey championship of India was held in 1928. It was called the inter-provincials, with 5 provinces of undivided India participating. The first [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian Olympic team]] for the [[1928 Summer Olympics|Amsterdam Games]] was selected in Kolkata after the 1928 nationals.<ref name = "Kolkatahockey">{{cite web
|url = http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/kolkatta.htm
|title = Hockey in Kolkata
|access-date = 2007-04-13
|publisher = bharatiyahockey.org
|archive-date = 26 January 2020
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200126213151/http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/kolkatta.htm
|url-status = live
}}</ref>

Twenty-seven Olympic gold medals, two silver medals and one bronze medal ~ that is what Bengal's hockey can boast of. However, all that is history and Kolkata no longer has a hockey Olympian.<ref name="Statesman">{{cite web
|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=5&id=141815&usrsess=1
|title=Needed: a fresh approach
|access-date=2007-04-13
|last=Bandopadhya
|first=Pratik
|work=Sport
|publisher=The Statesman 24 April 2006
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926214038/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=5&id=141815&usrsess=1
|archive-date=2007-09-26
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> Despite its pioneering role in the history of Indian hockey, Kolkata is the only major metropolis in India without an artificial turf.<ref name = "Kolkatahockey"/> "How can you hope to produce international class players if you cannot give the players astroturf to play on?" asks [[Gurbux Singh (field hockey)|Gurbux Singh]], secretary of the Bengal Hockey Association.<ref name = "Statesman"/> [[Leslie Claudius]] agreed that the absence of astroturf is responsible for this decline, but added: "Ours was a different era. We were successful, so the enthusiasm for the game was naturally high. How can you have that today? Even the educational institutions are not interested in hockey nowadays. But you can't blame them. Young people don't find hockey exciting enough. Maybe if we can give them astroturf, the fast surface can lure them back into the game."<ref name = "Statesman"/>

==Big names==
[[Leslie Claudius]] was the biggest name in Kolkata hockey; he played for Customs in Kolkata, and won 4 Olympic medals from 1948 to 1960 (3 gold, 1 silver).<ref name = "Telegraph"/>

==Results==
The results of the Beighton Cup:<ref>{{cite web|title=BEIGHTON CUP WINNERS AND RUNNERS-UP (1895—2019)|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/winners-and-runner-up-details|location=Kolkata|website=www.hockeybengal.org|publisher=Hockey Bengal|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423035958/https://www.hockeybengal.org/winners-and-runner-up-details}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Winner
!Runner-up
|-
|1895
|Calcutta Naval Volunteers AC
|rowspan=19|
|-
|1896
|Calcutta Naval Volunteers AC
|-
|1897
|SPG Mission, Ranchi
|-
|1898
|SPG Mission, Ranchi
|-
|1899
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|-
|1900
|St. James School
|-
|1901
|1st Royal Irish Rifles
|-
|1902
|SPG Mission, Ranchi
|-
|1903
|SPG Mission, Ranchi
|-
|1904
|Hornets AC
|-
|1905
|[[IIEST, Shibpur|BE College, Sibpore]]
|-
|1906
|SPG Mission, Ranchi
|-
|1907
|SPG Mission, Ranchi
|-
|1908
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1909
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1910
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1911
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|-
|1912
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1913
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|-
|1914
|[[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College|MAO College, Aligarh]]
|AFC, Jamalpur
|-
|1915
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1916
|BY Association, Lucknow
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1917
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|Bactetors Union (Dakha)
|-
|1918
|BY Association, Lucknow
|East Indian Railway Asansol Rec. Club
|-
|1919
|Xaverians' Club
|[[Calcutta FC]]
|-
|1920
|East Indian Railway Asansol Rec. Club
|AFC, Jamalpur
|-
|1921
|[[IIEST, Shibpur|BE College, Sibpore]]
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|-
|1922
|[[Eastern Railway FC|EBR Sports Club]]
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1923
|BY Association, Lucknow
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1924
|[[Calcutta FC]]
|AFC, Jamalpur
|-
|1925
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|Xaverians' Club
|-
|1926
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|Punjab HA
|-
|1927
|Xaverians' Club
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1928
|Telegraph Rec. Club
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1929
|[[Eastern Railway FC|EIR Sports Club]]
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1930
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|Port Commissioners
|-
|1931
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|-
|1932
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|-
|1933
|Jhansi Heroes
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1934
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|[[Eastern Railway FC|EI Railway]]
|-
|1935
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|-
|1936
|Bombay Customs
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1937
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|Bhopal Wanderers
|-
|1938
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|-
|1939
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|1940
|Bhopal Wanderers
|Bhagawant Club, Tikamgarh
|-
|1941
|colspan=2|''Bhopal Wanderers and Bhagawant Club, Tikamgarh were declared joint winners''
|-
|1942
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|-
|1943
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|Calcutta Rangers Club
|-
|1944
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|Jiwaji Club, Gwalior
|-
|1945
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting Club]]
|-
|1946
|Port Commissioners
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|-
|1947
|style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ''Tournament not held''
|-
|1948
|colspan=2|''Port Commissioners and U.P. Selected XI were declared joint winners''
|-
|1949
|Tata Sports Club, Bombay
|Punjab Sports Club
|-
|1950
|Tata Sports Club, Bombay
|Lusitanians, Bombay
|-
|1951
|[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|Hindustan Aircraft]], Bangalore
|Bata Sports
|-
|1952<ref name="1968MB">{{cite news|title=Mohun Bagan Retain Beighton Cup|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=podlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=op4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1056%2C431493|access-date=16 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=16 May 1968|page=10|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001161859/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=podlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=op4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1056%2C431493|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|Hindustan Aircraft]], Bangalore
|-
|1953
|Tata Sports Club, Bombay
|Nagpur United
|-
|1954
|Tata Sports Club, Bombay
|Western Railways, Bombay
|-
|1955
|colspan=2|''Western Railway and U. P. XI were declared joint winners''
|-
|1956
|[[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|-
|1957
|[[East Bengal Club (field hockey)|East Bengal]]
|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting Club]]
|-
|1958<ref name="1968MB"/>
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|Corps of Engineers, Kirkee
|-
|1959
|Corps of Engineers, Kirkee
|Army XI, New Delhi
|-
|1960<ref name="1968MB"/>
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|Indian Navy
|-
|1961
|Central Railway, Bombay
|[[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police, Jalandhar]]
|-
|1962
|[[East Bengal Club (field hockey)|East Bengal]]
|Central Railway, Bombay
|-
|1963
|Central Railway, Bombay
|[[East Bengal Club (field hockey)|East Bengal]]
|-
|1964
|colspan=2|''[[East Bengal Club (field hockey)|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]] were declared joint winners''
|-
|1965
|colspan=2|''[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]] and [[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]] were declared joint winners''
|-
|1966
|[[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police]]
|Corps of Signals, Jalandhar
|-
|1967
|[[East Bengal Club (field hockey)|East Bengal]]
|Bhilai Steel Plant
|-
|1968<ref name="1968MB"/>
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|Bengal Nagpur Railway]]
|-
|1969
|colspan=2|''[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]] and Winners Corps of Signal were declared joint winners''
|-
|1970
|Western Railway, Bombay
|[[East Bengal Club (field hockey)|East Bengal]]
|-
|1971
|colspan=2|''[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF Jalandhar]] and [[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]] were declared joint winners''
|-
|1972
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF, Jalandhar]]
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|-
|1973
|colspan=2|''I. H. F. Dark Blues and [[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]] were declared joint winners''
|-
|1974
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|Sikh Reg. Centre, Meerut
|-
|1975
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|Sikh Reg. Centre, Meerut
|-
|1976
|A. S. C. Jalandhar
|C.R.P.F., Delhi
|-
|1977
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|Western Railway, Bombay
|-
|1978
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|CRPF, Delhi
|-
|1979
|colspan=2|''[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]] and A. S. C. Jalandhar were declared joint winners''
|-
|1980
|Western Railway, Bombay
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|-
|1981
|I. H. F. XI, East Zone
|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting Club]]
|-
|1982
|colspan=2|''E. M. E. Jalandhar and Eastern Railway Ath. Asson were declared joint winners''
|-
|1983
|E. M. E. Jalandhar
|C.R.P.F., Neemuch
|-
|1984
|Mecon Sports Club, Ranchi
|A.S.C., Jalandhar
|-
|1985
|Indian Airlines, Delhi
|E.M.E., Jalandhar
|-
|1986
|M. E. G., Bangalore
|A.S.C., Jalandhar
|-
|1987
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|B. N. R. Rec. Club]]
|[[East Bengal Club (field hockey)|East Bengal]]
|-
|1988
|I.F.F. Co., Delhi
|Southern Railway, Madras
|-
|1989
|A. S.C., Jalandhar
|Corps of Signals, Jalandhar
|-
|1990
|E. M. E., Jalandhar
|Corps of Signals, Jalandhar
|-
|1991
|A. S.C., Jalandhar
|E.M.E., Jalandhar
|-
|1992
|Army XI, Jalandhar
|A.S.C., Jalandhar
|-
|1993
|Army XI, Jalandhar
|S.A.G., Ranchi
|-
|1994
|Army XI, Jalandhar
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|B. N. Railway]]
|-
|1995
|[[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Indian Railways]]
|Indian Airlines
|-
|1996
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|B. S. F., Jalandhar]]
|Tamil Nadu XI
|-
|1997
|[[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police, Jalandhar]]
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|B.S.F., Jalandhar]]
|-
|1998
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|B. S. F., Jalandhar]]
|Army XI, Jalandhar
|-
|1999
|Punjab & Sind Bank, Jalandhar
|A.S.C., Jalandhar
|-
|2000
|Punjab & Sind Bank, Jalandhar
|Tamil Nadu XI
|-
|2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/04/10/stories/07100518.htm|title=CISF clinches maiden Beighton Cup|access-date=2007-04-13|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 April 2001}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|Central Industrial Security Force, Chandigarh
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|Border Security Force, Jalandhar]]
|-
|2002<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/punjab-police-regains-beighton-cup/article27840086.ece|title=Punjab Police Regains Beighton Cup|access-date=2007-04-13|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 April 2002|archive-date=28 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428114206/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/punjab-police-regains-beighton-cup/article27840086.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police]]
|Central Reserve Police Force
|-
|2003<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2003/04/03/stories/2003040303442000.htm|title=BSF douses IOC's hopes|access-date=2007-04-13|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 April 2003}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|Border Security Force, Jalandhar]]
|Indian Oil Corporation
|-
|2004<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/12/stories/2004041202012000.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040505220139/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/12/stories/2004041202012000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 May 2004|title=PSB is champion|access-date= 2007-04-13|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 April 2004}}</ref>
|Punjab & Sind Bank
|Army XI
|-
|2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/14/stories/2005041402471900.htm|title=Border Security Force lifts Beighton Cup
|access-date= 2007-04-13|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 April 2005}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|Border Security Force, Jalandhar]]
|Army XI
|-
|2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/psb-lifts-beighton-cup/article18427660.ece|title=PSB lifts Beighton Cup|access-date=2007-04-13|work=The Hindu|date=11 April 2006|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001161902/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/psb-lifts-beighton-cup/article18427660.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Punjab & Sind Bank
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|Border Security Force, Jalandhar]]
|-
|2007<ref name = "Hindu">{{cite news|url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/11/stories/2007041103051900.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001032007/http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/11/stories/2007041103051900.htm|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2007-10-01
|title = Indian Airlines lift Beighton Cup|access-date = 2007-04-13|location=Chennai, India|work = [[The Hindu]]|date=2007-04-11}}</ref>
|Indian Airlines
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|Border Security Force, Jalandhar]]
|-
|2008<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab Police, PSB declared joint winners of Beighton Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/punjab-police-psb-declared-joint-winners-of-beighton-cup/articleshow/3957773.cms |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=9 January 2009 |language=en |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526155517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/punjab-police-psb-declared-joint-winners-of-beighton-cup/articleshow/3957773.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|colspan=2|''[[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police]] and Punjab and Sind Bank were declared joint winners''
|-
|2009<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Oil lifts Beighton Cup|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Indian-Oil-lifts-Beighton-Cup/article16826909.ece|access-date=8 February 2018|work=The Hindu|date=16 December 2009|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001161904/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Indian-Oil-lifts-Beighton-Cup/article16826909.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Indian Oil Corporation
|South Central Railway
|-
|2010<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India lifts maiden title|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Air-India-lifts-maiden-title/article15595128.ece|access-date=8 February 2018|work=The Hindu|date=16 December 2010|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001161903/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Air-India-lifts-maiden-title/article15595128.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Air India
|Coal India
|-
|2011<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India lifts maiden title|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/indian-oil-clinches-beighton-cup/article2619396.ece|access-date=8 February 2018|work=The Hindu|date=12 November 2011|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001161903/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/indian-oil-clinches-beighton-cup/article2619396.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Indian Oil Corporation
|ONGC
|-
|2012<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Oil retains Beighton Cup|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/indian-oil-retains-beighton-cup/article4088079.ece|access-date=8 February 2018|work=The Hindu|date=11 November 2012|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810094637/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/indian-oil-retains-beighton-cup/article4088079.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Indian Oil Corporation
|Punjab National Bank
|-
|2013<ref>{{cite news |title=Army XI lifts 118th Beighton Cup |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/army-xi-lifts-118th-beighton-cup |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=Hockey India |date=15 November 2013 |language=en |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001161901/https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/army-xi-lifts-118th-beighton-cup |url-status=live }}</ref>
|Army XI
|ONGC
|-
|2014<ref>{{cite news|title=Beighton Cup: It's Indian Oil again|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/beighton-cup-its-indian-oil-again/article6662422.ece|access-date=8 February 2018|work=The Hindu|date=5 December 2014|archive-date=26 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426234700/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/beighton-cup-its-indian-oil-again/article6662422.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Indian Oil Corporation
|Punjab National Bank
|-
|2015<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Sudhir |title=Punjab National Bank win 120th edition of All-India Beighton Hockey Cup |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/punjab-national-bank-win-all-india-beighton-hockey-cup |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=Sportskeeda.com |date=12 October 2015 |language=en-us |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526155517/https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/punjab-national-bank-win-all-india-beighton-hockey-cup |url-status=live }}</ref>
|Punjab National Bank
|Indian Oil Corporation
|-
|2016<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Oil beat Bharat Petroleum 5-3 to win 121 st Beighton Cup for 6th time|url=http://www.uniindia.com/indian-oil-beat-bharat-petroleum-5-3-to-win-121-st-beighton-cup-for-6th-time/hockey/fullstory/731335.html|access-date=8 February 2018|work=United News of India|date=27 December 2016|archive-date=9 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209062942/http://www.uniindia.com/indian-oil-beat-bharat-petroleum-5-3-to-win-121-st-beighton-cup-for-6th-time/hockey/fullstory/731335.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Indian Oil Corporation
|Bharat Petroleum Corporation
|-
|2017
| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ''Tournament not held''
|-
|2018
|Indian Oil Corporation
|Bharat Petroleum Corporation
|-
|2019<ref>{{cite news |title=IOCL wins 123rd All India Beighton Cup Hockey Tournamentl |url=http://www.uniindia.net/iocl-wins-123rd-all-india-beighton-cup-hockey-tournament-with-2-0-victory-over-pnb-in-final/sports/news/1787699.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526153837/http://www.uniindia.net/iocl-wins-123rd-all-india-beighton-cup-hockey-tournament-with-2-0-victory-over-pnb-in-final/sports/news/1787699.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|Indian Oil Corporation
|Punjab National Bank
|-
|2020
| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ''Tournament not held''
|-
|2021
|-
|2022<ref>{{cite web|title=Sanjay Bhaskar's Stellar Shootout Goalkeeping Helps Indian Navy Clinch JIS 124th Beighton Cup|url=https://hockeypassion.in/top-slider/jis-124th-beighton-cup/|website=hockeypassion.in|publisher=Hockey Passion|access-date=18 December 2022|archive-date=18 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218142655/https://hockeypassion.in/top-slider/jis-124th-beighton-cup/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Indian Navy
|Punjab National Bank
|-
|2024<ref>{{cite web|title=INDIAN NAVY LIFTS THE PRESTIGIOUS BEIGHTON CUP|url=https://neindiabroadcast.com/2024/01/28/indian-navy-lifts-the-prestigious-beighton-cup/|website=neindiabroadcast.com|date=28 January 2024}}</ref>
|Indian Navy
|Indian Oil Corporation
|}

==Performance by teams==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
!Team
!Championships
|-
|[[Mohun Bagan AC (field hockey)|Mohun Bagan]]
|14
|-
|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|12
|-
|Calcutta Rangers (inc. Calcutta Naval Volunteers AC)
|9
|-
|Indian Oil Corporation
|7
|-
|SPG Mission, Ranchi
|6
|-
|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|Border Security Force, Jalandhar]]
|6
|-
|[[Bengal Nagpur Railway FC|BN Railway]]
|6
|-
|[[Punjab & Sind Bank]]
|5
|-
|[[East Bengal Club (field hockey)|East Bengal]]
|4
|-
|Tata Sports Club, Bombay
|4
|-
|[[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police]]
|4
|-
|A. S. C. Jalandhar
|4
|-
|Army XI, Jalandhar
|4
|-
|BY Association, Lucknow
|3
|-
|Western Railway, Bombay
|3
|-
|E. M. E. Jalandhar
|3
|-
|Indian Airlines, Delhi / Air India
|3
|-
|[[IIEST, Shibpur|BE College, Sibpore]]
|2
|-
|Bhopal Wanderers
|2
|-
|Port Commissioners
|2
|-
|Xaverians' Club
|2
|-
|U.P. XI
|2
|-
|Central Railway, Bombay
|2
|-
|I. H. F. Dark Blues / I. H. F. XI, East Zone
|2
|-
|E. M. E. Jalandhar
|2
|-
|Indian Navy
|2
|-
|St. James School
|1
|-
|1st Royal Irish Rifles
|1
|-
|Hornets AC
|1
|-
|[[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College|MAO College, Aligarh]]
|1
|-
|East Indian Railway Asansol Rec. Club
|1
|-
|[[Eastern Railway FC|EBR Sports Club]]
|1
|-
|[[Calcutta FC]]
|1
|-
|Telegraph Rec. Club
|1
|-
|[[Eastern Railway FC|EIR Sports Club]]
|1
|-
|Jhansi Heroes
|1
|-
|Bombay Customs
|1
|-
|Bhagawant Club, Tikamgarh
|1
|-
|Hindustan Aircraft, Bangalore
|1
|-
|[[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]
|1
|-
|Corps of Engineers, Kirkee
|1
|-
|Winners Corps of Signal
|1
|-
|Mecon Sports Club, Ranchi
|1
|-
|M. E. G., Bangalore
|1
|-
|I.F.F. Co., Delhi
|1
|-
|[[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Indian Railways]]
|1
|-
|Central Industrial Security Force, Chandigarh
|1
|-
|[[Punjab National Bank]]
|1
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal|title=A most remarkable community: Anglo-Indian contributions to sport in India|publisher=[[Routledge]]|last=Mills|first=Megan S.|journal=Contemporary South Asia |doi=10.1080/09584930120083828|volume=10|date=2001|issue=2 |pages=223–236 |s2cid=145742265 |doi-access=free}} (Published online: "Routledge Contemporary South Asia"; 1 July 2010).
*{{Cite web|title=Teams with Most Wins in Prestigious Beighton Cup|url=https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/teams-with-most-wins-in-prestigious-beighton-cup/|date=2 November 2022|access-date=3 November 2022|publisher=Hockey Passion|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102200248/https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/teams-with-most-wins-in-prestigious-beighton-cup/|archive-date=2 November 2022|website=hockeypassion.in}}

{{Field Hockey in India}}
{{Kolkata topics}}

[[Category:Sport in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Field hockey in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1895]]
[[Category:Field hockey cup competitions in India]]

Katawar, Rajasthan

2025-11-28T01:12:47Z

Alihaiderhussain: added stub...

{{more citations needed|date=June 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{infobox settlement
| name = Katawar
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthani]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], English
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hadoti language|Hadoti]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| elevation_m = 289
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 325223
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07451
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 901[[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Child sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = 1008 [[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]]
| population_total = 2049
| elevation_footnotes =
| settlement_type = Village
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.786768|N|76.541489|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = District
| area_total_km2 = 6.8
| subdivision_name2 = [[Baran district|Baran]] ([[Hadoti]] Region)
| government_type = Democratic
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name = Rajendra Prasad Vaishnav
| leader_title2 = Member of Parliament [[Jhalawar-Baran (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| leader_name2 = [[Dushyant Singh]] ([[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] Atru-Baran Legislative constituency
| leader_name3 = Radheshyam Bairwa ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| website =
}}
'''Katawar''' is a village in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan, India. It serves as a Gram panchayat for six nearby villages which are Manyagan, Achrawa, Bhojukheri, Mehla, and Baldevpura. Bichhalas. The nearest town is Atru, which is 22 km away. It is located 52 km from the district headquarter, Baran.

== Social structure ==
As per available data from the year 2009, 2049 persons live in 367 house holds in the village Katawar. There are 971 female individuals and 1078 male individuals in the village. Females constitute 47.39% and males constitute 52.61% of the total population.

There are 822 scheduled castes persons of which 388 are females and 434 are males. Females constitute 47.2% and males constitute 52.8% of the scheduled castes population. Scheduled castes constitute 40.12% of the total population.

There are 71 scheduled tribes persons of which 34 are females and 37 are males. Females constitute 47.89% and males constitute 52.11% of the scheduled tribes population. Scheduled tribes constitute 3.47% of the total population.

The population density of Katawar is 236.33 persons per square kilometer.

== Population ==
Katawar population in 2021/2022 is between 2,008 and 2,295 and the total households residing are 367.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katawar Population (2021/2022), Village in Atru Tehsil |url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Rajasthan/Baran/Atru/Katawar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330025837/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Rajasthan/Baran/Atru/Katawar |url-status=usurped |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=www.indiagrowing.com }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Gram Panchayats and Villages in Atru|villages in Atru Tehsil]]
[[Category:Villages in Baran district]]
[[Category:Gram Panchayats and Villages in Atru Tehsil]]

Ram Narayan

2025-11-25T07:14:07Z

Alihaiderhussain: added section based on references further and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian classical sarangi player (1927–2024)}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix = [[Pandit]]
| honorific_suffix = '''[[Padma Vibhushan]]'''
| name = Ram Narayan
| image = Ram Narayan 1974 (cropped).jpg
| alt = Narayan looks to the side with a sarangi held close to his body.
| caption = Narayan in 1974
| birth_date = {{birth date|1927|12|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = near [[Udaipur]], Kingdom of Mewar, British India
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2024|11|9|1927|12|25|df=y}}}}
| death_place = [[Bandra]], Mumbai, India
| instrument = ''[[Sarangi]]''
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| years_active = 1944–2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cqn7PvNBZN0/ |title=Today even at the age ... |last=Narayan |first=Harsh |date=5 April 2023 |website=Instagram|access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref>
| associated_acts = [[Abdul Wahid Khan]], [[Aruna Narayan]], [[Brij Narayan]], [[Chatur Lal]], [[Suresh Talwalkar]]
| website = 
}}

'''Ram Narayan''' ({{IPA|hns|raːm naːˈɾaːjəɳ|IPA}}; 25 December 1927 – 9 November 2024), often referred to with the title [[Pandit]], was an Indian musician who popularised the bowed instrument ''[[sarangi]]'' as a solo concert instrument in [[Hindustani classical music]] and became the first internationally successful ''sarangi'' player.

Narayan was born near [[Udaipur]] and learned to play the ''sarangi'' at an early age. He studied under ''sarangi'' players and singers and, as a teenager, worked as a music teacher and travelling musician. [[All India Radio]] in [[Lahore]] hired Narayan as an accompanist for vocalists in 1944. Narayan relocated to [[Delhi]] following the [[partition of India]] in 1947, and moved to [[Mumbai]] in 1949 to work in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].

Narayan became a concert solo artist in 1956, performing at the major music festivals of India. Narayan recorded solo albums and made his first international tour in 1964 to America and Europe with his older brother [[Chatur Lal]], a ''[[tabla]]'' (hand drum) player who had toured with [[Ravi Shankar]] in the 1950s. He was awarded India's second highest civilian honour, the [[Padma Vibhushan]], in 2005.

== Early life ==
[[File:Udaipur-citypalace.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Side view of an ornately decorated palace with several towers on a hill over a city of terraced houses.|[[City Palace, Udaipur]], where the [[Maharana]] of Udaipur held court]]
Ram Narayan was born on 25 December 1927 in Amber village, near [[Udaipur]] in northwestern India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/intervw/intrv146.html |title=Pandit Ram Narayan: 100 colours of sarangi |last=Shanker |first=Vijay |date=11 August 2012 |website=Narthaki |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204203911/http://narthaki.com/info/intervw/intrv146.html |archive-date=4 December 2012 |access-date=30 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Sorrell11">Sorrell 1980, p. 11</ref> His great-great-grandfather, Bagaji Biyavat, was a singer from Amber, and he and Narayan's great-grandfather, Sagad Danji Biyavat, sang at the court of the [[Maharana]] of Udaipur.<ref name="Sorrell11" /> Narayan's grandfather, Har Lalji Biyavat, and father, Nathuji Biyavat, were farmers and singers, Nathuji played the bowed instrument ''[[dilruba]]'', and Narayan's mother was a music lover.<ref name="Sorrell13">Sorrell 1980, p. 13</ref>

Narayan's first language was [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] and he learned [[Hindi]] and, later, English.<ref name="Q108">Qureshi 2007, p. 108</ref><ref name="Q109">Qureshi 2007, p. 109</ref> At the age of six or so he found a small ''sarangi'' left by the family's ''Ganga guru'', a genealogist, and was taught a [[fingering (music)|fingering]] technique developed by his father.<ref name="Sorrell14">Sorrell 1980, p. 14</ref><ref name="Bor149">Bor 1987, p. 149</ref> Narayan's father taught him, but was worried about the difficulty of playing the ''sarangi'' and its association with [[courtesan]] music, which gave the instrument a low social status.<ref name="Sorrell13" /><ref name="NewGrove">Sorrell 2001, p. 637</ref> After a year, Biyavat sought lessons for his son from ''sarangi'' player Mehboob Khan of [[Jaipur]], but changed his mind when Khan told him Narayan would have to change his fingering technique.<ref name="Bor149" /> Narayan's father later encouraged him to leave school and devote himself to playing the ''sarangi''.<ref name="Sorrell14" />

At about ten years of age, Narayan learned the basics of ''[[dhrupad]]'', the oldest genre of [[Hindustani classical music]], by studying and imitating the practice of ''sarangi'' player Uday Lal of Udaipur, a student of ''dhrupad'' singers Allabande and Zakiruddin Dagar.<ref name="Bor149" /><ref name="Guide">Bor 1999, p. 180</ref> After Uday Lal died of old age, Narayan met travelling singer Madhav Prasad, originally of [[Lucknow]], who had performed at the court of [[Maihar]].<ref name="Bor151">Bor 1987, p. 151</ref><ref name="Sorrell15">Sorrell 1980, p. 15</ref> With Prasad, Narayan enacted the ''ganda bandhan'', a traditional ceremony of acceptance between a teacher and his pupil, in which Narayan swore obedience in exchange for being maintained by Prasad.<ref name="Sorrell17">Sorrell 1980, p. 17</ref>

He served Prasad and was taught in ''[[khyal]]'', the predominant genre of Hindustani classical music, but returned to Udaipur after four years to teach music school.<ref name="Guide" /><ref name="Bor151" /> Prasad later visited Narayan and convinced him to resign his position and dedicate his time to improvement as a musician, although the idea of giving up a steady career was not well received by Narayan's family.<ref name="Bor151" /><ref name="Sorrell15" /> He stayed with Prasad and travelled to several Indian states until Prasad fell ill and advised him to learn from singer [[Abdul Wahid Khan]] in [[Lahore]].<ref name="Sorrell16">Sorrell 1980, p. 16</ref> Following Prasad's death in Lucknow, Narayan enacted the ''ganda bandhan'' with another teacher who gave him lessons, but soon left for Lahore and never performed the ritual again.<ref name="Sorrell17" />

== Career ==
Narayan travelled to Lahore in 1943 and auditioned for the local [[All India Radio]] (AIR) station as a singer, but the station's music producer, Jivan Lal Mattoo, noticed grooves in Narayan's fingernails:<ref name="Sorrell16" /> ''sarangis'' are played by pressing the fingernails sideways against three playing strings, which strains the nails.<ref>Bor 1987, p. 30</ref> Mattoo instead employed Narayan as a ''sarangi'' player.<ref name="Sorrell16" /> Traditionally, the ''sarangi'' is supposed to play after the singer and imitate the vocal performance, and play in the space between phrases.<ref name="Sorrell21">Sorrell 1980, p. 21</ref> Mattoo advised Narayan and helped him contact ''khyal'' singer [[Abdul Wahid Khan]], a rigorous teacher under whom Narayan learned four ''[[raga]]s'' through singing lessons.<ref name="NewGrove" /><ref name="Bor151" /><ref name="Sorrell19">Sorrell 1980, p. 19</ref> Narayan was allowed sporadic solo performances on AIR and began to consider a solo career.<ref name="Sorrell20">Sorrell 1980, p. 20</ref>

After the [[partition of India]] in 1947, Narayan moved to [[Delhi]] and played at the local AIR station.<ref name="NewGrove" /> His work for popular singers increased his repertoire and knowledge of styles.<ref name="Neuhoff">Neuhoff 2006, pp. 911–912</ref> Narayan played with the classical singers [[Omkarnath Thakur]], [[Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]], [[Hirabai Badodekar]], and [[Krishnarao Shankar Pandit]], and he accompanied singer [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]] in 1948, when Khan sang for the first time at AIR Delhi following the partition.<ref name="TIE020218">{{cite news|last=Dhaneshwar |first=Amarendra |title=Saviour of the sarangi, Pandit Ram Narayan |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 February 2002 |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=10069 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100725164600/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=10069 |archive-date=25 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Qureshi 2007, p. 116</ref> As an accompanist for vocalists, Narayan showed his own talent and came to the foreground.<ref name="Sorrell20" /> Singers of the city complained that he was not a dependable accompanist and too assertive, but he maintained he wanted to keep vocalists in tune and inspire them in a cordial contest.<ref name="Sorrell2022">Sorrell 1980, p. 20–22</ref> Other ''[[tabla]]'' (percussion) players and singers, including Omkarnath Thakur and Krishnarao Shankar Pandit, expressed admiration for Narayan's playing.<ref name="Sorrell22">Sorrell 1980, p. 22</ref>

Narayan became frustrated with his supporting role for vocalists and moved to [[Mumbai]] in 1949 to work independently in film music and recording.<ref name="Sorrell23">Sorrell 1980, p. 23</ref><ref name="Q107">Qureshi 2007, p. 107</ref> He recorded three solo 78 rpm [[gramophone record]]s for [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]] in 1950 and an early ten-inch [[LP album]] in Mumbai in 1951, but the album was not in demand.<ref name="Bor152">Bor 1987, p. 152</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Chandvankar |first=Suresh |title=LP/EP Records |magazine=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |date=3 May 2004 |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=7421 |access-date=25 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823015040/http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=7421 |archive-date=23 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="YahooIndia">{{cite news|first=Soma |last=Ghosh |title=एक जुनून है सारंगी |url=http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/sakhi/?page=article&choice=print_article&category=6&articleid=4702&edition=200811 |date=November 2008 |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |publisher=Yahoo! India |trans-title=Sarangi is a passion |language=hi |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128235900/http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/sakhi/?page=article&choice=print_article&category=6&articleid=4702&edition=200811 |archive-date=28 January 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Mumbai film industry offered a good salary and obscurity for work that would have lowered his stature among classical musicians.<ref>Qureshi 2007, p. 17</ref> For the next 15 years he played and composed songs for films, including [[Adalat (1958 film)|''Adalat'']], ''[[Gunga Jumna]]'', ''[[Humdard]]'', ''[[Kashmir Ki Kali]]'', ''[[Madhumati]]'', [[Milan (1958 film)|''Milan'']], ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'', and [[Noor Jehan (film)|''Noor Jehan'']].<ref name="Q119">Qureshi 2007, p. 119</ref><ref name="TIE021027">{{cite news|last=Suryanarayan |first=Renuka |title=Sarangi maestro returns to where it began |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=27 October 2002 |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=33558 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819164715/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=33558 |archive-date=19 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="official">{{cite web |title=ramnarayansarangi.com |url=http://ramnarayansarangi.com/interview.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822061436/http://ramnarayansarangi.com/interview.htm |archive-date=22 August 2009 |access-date=25 June 2009 |publisher=Pandit Ram Narayan (Official website)}} [https://ramnarayansarangi.com Alt URL]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailytimes.com.pk/life-and-style/05-May-17/the-unsung-heroine |title=The unsung heroine |last=Parvez |first=Amjad |date=5 May 2017 |website=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509000159/http://dailytimes.com.pk/life-and-style/05-May-17/the-unsung-heroine|archive-date=9 May 2017|access-date=14 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> For "Chalte Chalte" of 1972 film ''[[Pakeezah]]'', composer [[Ghulam Mohammed (composer)|Ghulam Mohammad]] made Narayan give 21 takes for the desired effect.<ref name="MP">{{cite web|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/sundaypost/inland/ghulam-mohammed-the-percussionist-composer-328826 | website=Millennium Post| title=GHULAM MOHAMMED: The Percussionist Composer|date= 24 November 2018|access-date=6 September 2023}}</ref> Narayan was considered a desired choice of film music director [[O. P. Nayyar]].<ref name="TIE021027" />
[[File:Ram Narayan in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|alt=Narayan and another man perform on a platform.|Narayan performing in [[New Delhi]] in the late 1980s.]]
Narayan performed in Afghanistan in 1952 and in China in 1954 and was well received in both countries.<ref name="Sorrell25">Sorrell 1980, p. 25</ref> His first solo concert at a 1954 music festival in the [[Cowasji Jehangir Hall]], Mumbai, was cut short when an impatient audience, waiting for performances by famous artists, drove him from the stage.<ref name="YahooIndia" /><ref name="Sorrell24">Sorrell 1980, p. 24</ref> Narayan pondered giving up the ''sarangi'' and becoming a singer.<ref name="Sorrell24" /> He later regained confidence, performed solo for smaller crowds, and was favourably received in his second attempt to play solo for a Mumbai music festival in 1956.<ref name="Sorrell24" /> He has since performed at the major music festivals of India.<ref name="Neuhoff" /> Narayan later gave up accompaniment; this decision carried a financial risk because interest in solo ''sarangi'' was not yet substantial.<ref>Neuman 1990, pp. 93, 263</ref>

After ''[[sitar]]'' player [[Ravi Shankar]] successfully performed in Western countries, Narayan followed his example.<ref name="Mastersp48">Bor 1992, p. 48</ref> He recorded solo albums and made his first international tour in 1964 to America and Europe with his older brother [[Chatur Lal]], a ''tabla'' player who had toured with Shankar in the 1950s.<ref name="Q107" /><ref name="Sorrell26">Sorrell 1980, p. 26–27</ref> The European tour included performances in France and Germany (sponsored by the [[Goethe-Institut]]) and at the [[City of London Festival]], England.<ref>{{cite news|title=Narayan To Give Concert Friday Night|newspaper=The Gettysburg Times|date=6 November 1968|page=1|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fEcmAAAAIBAJ&pg=3407,5609965}}</ref>

Beginning in the 1960s, Narayan often taught and gave concerts outside of India.<ref name="Q107" /> On his Western tours he encountered interest in the ''sarangi'' because of its similarity to the cello and violin.<ref>Roy 2004, p. 206</ref> The ''tabla'' player [[Suresh Talwalkar]] became a frequent accompanist for Narayan in the late 1960s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Narayan, maître du sarangi, en récital à Montréal|language=fr|trans-title=Narayan, master of sarangi, performs in Montreal|newspaper=[[Le Devoir]]|date=27 November 1981|page=18|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_DI0AAAAIBAJ&pg=1201,5549775}}</ref> The music of Ram Narayan and Chatur Lal is featured in the 1965 anti-war film [[Good Times, Wonderful Times]] by American filmmaker [[Lionel Rogosin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/dailymotion-x3iwk1s |title=Good Times, Wonderful Times (1966) - Feature (Documentary, Drama, War) |author= |date=21 December 2015 |website=archive.org |access-date=6 September 2023}}</ref> Narayan continued to perform and record in India and abroad for the next decades and his recordings appeared on Indian, American, and European labels.<ref name="Q107" /> During the early 1980s he typically spent months each year visiting Western nations.<ref name="Sorrell25" /> A 1989 UK performance of [[Bhairavi (raga)|Bhairavi]] was covered by the [[Kronos Quartet]] on their 2009 album [[Floodplain (Kronos Quartet album)|''Floodplain'']]. Narayan performed less frequently in the 2000s and rarely in the 2010s.<ref name="Patil">{{cite news|last=Patil |first=Vrinda |title=Dying strains of sarangi |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=9 December 2000 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001209/windows/main2.htm |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820030403/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001209/windows/main2.htm |archive-date=20 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Deb |first=Arunabha |title=Sarangi Is Orphaned |newspaper=[[Tehelka]] |date=10 December 2011 |volume=8 |issue=49 |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main51.asp?filename=hub101211Appraisal.asp |access-date=7 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206091116/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main51.asp?filename=hub101211Appraisal.asp |archive-date= 6 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Style ==
[[File:Ram Narayan at the Shiraz Arts Festival.ogv|thumb|left|alt=Narayan and an accompanist perform in an old building.|Narayan performs the night ''raga'' [[Jog (raga)|''Jog'']] at the [[Shiraz Arts Festival]] in Iran in the 1970s.]]
Narayan's style is characteristic of [[Hindustani classical music]], but his choice of solo instrument and his background of learning from teachers outside his community were not common for the genre.<ref name="Q107" /><ref name="Sorrellviii">Sorrell 1980, p. viii</ref> He stated that he aimed to please the audience and create a feeling of harmony, and expected the audience to reciprocate by reacting to his playing.<ref name="Sorrell29">Sorrell 1980, p. 29–31</ref>

Narayan's performances were strung together from the meditative and measured ''[[alap]]'' (non-metrical introduction) and ''[[jor (music)|jor]]'' (performance with pulse) in ''[[dhrupad]]'' style, followed by a faster and less reserved ''[[gat (music)|gat]]'' section (composition with rhythmic pattern provided by the ''[[tabla]]'') in ''[[khyal]]'' style.<ref name="Sorrell125">Sorrell 1980, p. 125</ref> He experimented with a style of ''[[jhala]]'' (performance with rapid pulse) developed by [[Bundu Khan]], but considered it more appropriate for plucked instruments and stopped performing it.<ref name="Sorrell111">Sorrell 1980, p. 111</ref>

The ''gat'' section included one or two parts with compositions.<ref name="Sorrell123">Sorrell 1980, p. 123</ref> When he used two ''gats'', the first one tended to be at a slow or medium tempo, and the second one was faster; the ''gats'' were usually performed in the 16-beat rhythmic cycle ''[[tintal]]''.<ref name="Sorrell125" /><ref name="Sorrell126">Sorrell 1980, p. 126</ref> Narayan often completed performances with ''ragas'' associated with ''[[thumri]]'' (a popular light classical genre), which are referred to as ''mishra'' ([[Sanskrit]]: mixed) because they allow for additional notes, or with a ''[[dhun]]'' (song based on folk music).<ref name="Sorrell125" />

Narayan practiced and taught using a limited number of ''paltas'', exercises in a small scale range that are used to prepare playing different numbers of notes per bow.<ref name="Sorrell7071">Sorrell 1980, pp. 70–71</ref> Derived from ''paltas'' are lengthy note patterns called ''tans'', which contain characteristic "melodic shapes" and were used by Narayan for fast playing.<ref name="Sorrell75">Sorrell 1980, p. 75</ref> He used his left (fingering) hand for runs and to play an extended melodic range, and his right (bowing) hand for rhythmic accentuations.<ref name="Neuhoff" /> Narayan's fingering technique, his low right hand position, keeping the bow in a close to right angle to the string, and his use of the full bow length, were unusual among ''sarangi'' players.<ref>Sorrell 1980, p. 63</ref>

Magriel described four stylistic choices by Narayan that deviate from tradition and were not commonly adopted by ''sarangi'' players: extended ''alap'' without accompaniment, replacing the usual fast section of the ''alap'' (''jhala'') with a set of ''tans'', performing ''gats'' influenced by an instrumental playing style while the fixed composition is based on vocal performance, and a fast repetition of scales that expands the sound into the higher and lower register as a stylistic device.<ref>Magriel 2021, p. 27</ref>

Narayan was associated with the [[Kirana gharana|Kirana ''gharana'']] (stylistic school of Kirana) through [[Abdul Wahid Khan]], but his performance style was not strongly connected to it.<ref name="Sorrell27">Sorrell 1980, p. 27</ref> Most of Narayan's compositions were from the singing repertoire of his teachers and were modified and adapted to the ''sarangi''.<ref name="Sorrell123" /> He also created original compositions and in performance varied those he was taught.<ref name="Sorrell127">Sorrell 1980, pp. 127–128</ref> Narayan did not favor the creation of new ''ragas'', but developed compound ''ragas'', including those of [[Nand (raga)|''Nand'']] with [[Kedar (raga)|''Kedar'']] and [[Kafi (raga)|''Kafi'']] with [[Malhar (raga)|''Malhar'']].<ref name="Sorrell127" />

Narayan used a ''sarangi'' obtained from Uday Lal and built in [[Meerut]] in the 1920s or 1930s in his concerts and recordings.<ref name="Sorrell55">Sorrell 1980, p. 55</ref> He played on foreign harp strings to produce a clearer tone.<ref>Neuman 1990, p. 228</ref> Narayan experimented with modifications to his instrument and added a fourth string, but removed it because it hindered playing.<ref name="Sorrell56">Sorrell 1980, p. 56</ref> In the 1940s, he exchanged [[catgut|gut]] with steel for the first string and found it easier to play, but reverted to using only gut strings because the steel string altered the sound.<ref name="Sorrell56" />

== Contributions and recognition ==
[[File:Ram Narayan May 2007.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Narayan sits in front of an ornamented partition and speaks into a microphone.|Narayan at [[Thames Valley University]], Slough, England, in May 2007]]
Narayan increased the status of the ''sarangi'' to that of a modern concert solo instrument, made it known outside of India, and was the first ''sarangi'' player with international success, an example later followed by [[Sultan Khan (musician)|Sultan Khan]].<ref name="Neuhoff" /><ref>Slawek 2000, p. 207</ref><ref name="Mastersp78">Bor 1992, p. 78</ref> Narayan's simplified fingering technique allowed for glide (''[[meend]]'')<ref>Bor 1987, pp. 34–35</ref> and affected the modern ''sarangi'' concert style, as aspects of his playing and tone creation were taken up by ''sarangi'' players from Narayan's recordings.<ref name="Q108" />

Narayan taught at the [[American Society for Eastern Arts]] and the [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts]] in Mumbai in the 1970s and 1980s, where he gave the first master class for ''sarangi''.<ref name="Q107" /><ref name="Q130">Qureshi 2007, p. 130</ref><ref name="Q110">Qureshi 2007, p. 110</ref> Narayan privately trained ''sarangi'' players, including his daughter [[Aruna Narayan]], his grandson Harsh Narayan, and Vasanti Srikhande.<ref name="Q126">Qureshi 2007, p. 126</ref><ref name="Q133">Qureshi 2007, p. 133</ref><ref name="Pratap">{{cite news|last=Pratap |first=Jitendra |title=Juggling with jugalbandis |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 October 2005 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/10/07/stories/2005100702400200.htm |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822105217/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/10/07/stories/2005100702400200.htm |archive-date=22 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also taught [[sarod]] players,<ref name="TIE031114">{{cite news|title=Magic in his fingers |publisher=Screen |date=14 November 2003 |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=6637 |access-date=25 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822065905/http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=6637 |archive-date=22 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma |first=S. D. |title=Basant beats |newspaper=The Tribune |date=5 February 2009 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090205/ttlife1.htm#8 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412040405/http://tribuneindia.com/2009/20090205/ttlife1.htm |archive-date=12 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> including his son [[Brij Narayan]], as well as vocalists<ref>{{cite news|last=Govind |first=Ranjani |title=Varied emotions |date=1 May 2008 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/03/01/stories/2008030151000400.htm |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822070402/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/03/01/stories/2008030151000400.htm |archive-date=22 August 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rajan |first=Anjana |title=When the skylark sings |date=18 February 2005 |url=http://www.hindu.com/yw/2005/02/18/stories/2005021801090300.htm |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821075418/http://www.hindu.com/yw/2005/02/18/stories/2005021801090300.htm |archive-date=21 August 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Quality music is forever |newspaper=The Tribune |date=3 November 2000 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001104/ldh2.htm#2 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415055540/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001104/ldh2.htm |archive-date=15 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a violinist.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sinha |first=Manjari |title=Tunes of friendship |date=27 February 2009 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/02/27/stories/2009022750750200.htm |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308150314/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/02/27/stories/2009022750750200.htm |archive-date=8 March 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2002, he taught 15 Indian students and more than 500 students in the United States and Europe had studied with him.<ref name="Suryanarayan">{{cite news|last=Suryanarayan |first=Renuka |title=Sarangi at its best |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=7 September 2002 |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=28762 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819164649/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=28762 |archive-date=19 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Indian music in performance: a practical introduction'', released in 1980 by Neil Sorrell in cooperation with Narayan, was described as "one of the best presentations on modern North Indian music practice" by Hans Neuhoff in ''[[Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart]]''.<ref name="Neuhoff" />

{{Quote box|quote=My mission was to obliterate the blemish which the sarangi carried due to its social origins. I hope I have succeeded in this.<ref name="TIE020218"/>|source=Ram Narayan, quoted in ''The Indian Express''|width=20%|align=left}}

Narayan argued that appreciation of the ''sarangi'' and him came only after acknowledgment by the Western audience.<ref name="Sharma">{{cite news|last=Sharma |first=S. D. |title=Sarangi maestro calls present music soulless drudgery |newspaper=The Tribune |date=28 February 2008 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080229/cth2.htm#14 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430235804/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080229/cth2.htm |archive-date=30 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He attributed the lack of ''sarangi'' students to a lack of competent teachers and said that the Indian government should assist in preserving the instrument.<ref name="Sharma" /><ref>Bor 1987, p. 118</ref> The Pt (Pandit) Ram Narayan Foundation in Mumbai awards scholarships to ''sarangi'' students.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tandon |first=Aditi |title=Preserving traditional melodies |newspaper=The Tribune |date=25 March 2006 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060326/cth2.htm#7 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820030409/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060326/cth2.htm |archive-date=20 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Narayan has stated he was skeptical the ''sarangi'' would survive and said he would never give up promoting the instrument.<ref name="Patil" /><ref name="IT20050425">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20050425-pandit-ram-narayan-dedicates-padma-vibhushan-award-787891-2005-04-24 |title=Solo success |author=S. Sahaya Ranjit |date=25 April 2005 |magazine=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616234623/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/pandit-ram-narayan-dedicates-padma-vibhushan-award/1/193919.html |archive-date=16 June 2022 |access-date=3 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Narayan received the national awards [[Padma Shri]] in 1976, [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1991, and [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards |publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]] |url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=&state=MH&field=3&p_name=Narayan&award=All |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314051235/http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=&state=MH&field=3&p_name=Narayan&award=All |archive-date=14 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honor, was presented by [[President of India|Indian President]] [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]].<ref>{{cite news|title=President presents Padma awards |date=29 March 2005 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/29/stories/2005032909011200.htm |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822130739/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/29/stories/2005032909011200.htm |archive-date=22 August 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Narayan was awarded the Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for 1974–75 and the national [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for 1975, and was made a fellow of the Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi for 1988–89.<ref name="RSNA">{{cite web|title=Awardees |publisher=Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi |url=http://sangeetnatakakademi.org/awardees.html |access-date=13 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522010310/http://sangeetnatakakademi.org/awardees.html |archive-date= 22 May 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees – Instrumental – Sarangi |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] |url=http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm#InstrumentalSarangi |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417012651/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archive-date=17 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He received the [[Kalidas Samman]] from the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] for 1991–92 and was presented with the [[Aditya Vikram Birla]] Kalashikhar Puraskar in 1999 by [[P. C. Alexander]], governor of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|year=2006 |url=http://www.mpinfo.org/mpinfonew/hindi/award/kalidas.asp |title=राष्ट्रीय कालिदास सम्मान |language=hi |trans-title=Rashtriya Kalidas Samman |publisher=Department of Public Relations of Madhya Pradesh |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923005204/http://www.mpinfo.org/mpinfonew/hindi/award/kalidas.asp |archive-date=23 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sarangi maestro Pt Ram Narayan gets Aditya Birla award |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=15 November 1999 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19991115/ige15088.html |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820030919/http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19991115/ige15088.html |archive-date=20 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He received the [[Rajasthan Ratna]] for 2013, was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Honour – Classical at the 4th [[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]] 2014, and was awarded the [[Pandit Bhimsen Joshi Lifetime Achievement Award]] for 2015–2016 in the field of classical music by the government of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news|title=Govt selects 7 persons for Rajasthan Ratna Award 2013 |agency=Press Trust of India |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=16 August 2013 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/govt-selects-7-persons-for-rajasthan-ratna-award-2013/414669-3-239.html |access-date=8 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018005850/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/govt-selects-7-persons-for-rajasthan-ratna-award-2013/414669-3-239.html |archive-date= 18 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Ambarish |date=5 February 2016 |title=State accolade for man who brought sarangi out of kothas & on to stage |newspaper=The Times of India|publisher=The Times Group |page=10}}</ref> The biographical film ''Pandit Ramnarayan – Sarangi Ke Sang'' was shown at the 2007 [[International Film Festival of India]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Films about India's creative legends at IFFI|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=28 November 2007|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1389699451.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025211701/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1389699451.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 October 2012|access-date=22 June 2009}}</ref> A ''sarangi'' owned by Narayan is on display in a gallery of musical instruments of the Sri Shanmukhananda Fine Arts & Sangeetha Sabha in Mumbai as of December 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/79612120.cms |title=Mumbai: Shanmukhananda curates gallery of musical instruments by vintage artist |last=Jaisinghani |first=Bella |date=7 December 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> He was honored with the [[Sur Jyotsna National Music Awards]] "Legend" in 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sur Jyotsna |url=https://www.surjyotsna.org/?fbclid=PAZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAaZgovYG_duI3ML89C6HoaNUPqoxdSu1B1q9-nLLx7rOF4hjWkIBJRtE2Es_aem_zQlP45HPPN8_epMuEL7TGQ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.surjyotsna.org}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Ram and Aruna Narayan 2009 crop.jpg|thumb|alt=A mixed-gender group of five people sits on a platform, two playing long-necked lutes, another two playing bowed instruments, and one resting his hands next to drums.|Narayan performing with his daughter Aruna (far right) at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], [[London]], in 2009.]]
Narayan shared a close relationship with his older brother, [[Chatur Lal]], who learned the ''[[tabla]]'' primarily to accompany his brother's ''sarangi'' playing.<ref name="Sorrell26" /> Lal studied under ''tabla'' teachers in his youth, but later turned to farming.<ref name="Sorrell26" /> Lal visited Narayan in 1948 in Delhi after Narayan had become a professional ''sarangi'' player, and Narayan convinced Lal to work as a ''tabla'' player at the local AIR station.<ref name="Sorrell26" />

Lal toured with instrumentalists [[Ravi Shankar]] and [[Ali Akbar Khan]] in the 1950s, and helped popularise the ''tabla'' in Western countries.<ref name="Naimpalli">Naimpalli 2005, p. 107</ref> When Lal died in October 1965, Narayan had difficulty performing and struggled with alcoholism, but overcame the addiction after two years.<ref name="Sorrell26" /> Narayan assisted his brother's four children after their father's death.<ref name="official" /> Chatur Lal's son, Charanjit Lal Biyavat, is a ''tabla'' player and has toured Europe with Narayan.<ref name="Sorrell28">Sorrell 1980, p. 28</ref>

Narayan's wife Sheela, a homemaker, came to Mumbai in the 1950s; they had four children.<ref name="YahooIndia" /><ref name="official" /><ref name="Q131">Qureshi 2007, p. 131</ref> She died prior to 2001.<ref name="Q133" /> His oldest son, [[sarod]] player [[Brij Narayan]], was born on 25 April 1952 in Udaipur, and his daughter [[Aruna Narayan]] was born in 1959 in Mumbai.<ref name="TIE031114" /><ref name="Harvey">{{cite AV media notes |title=Raga Bairagi Bhairav, Raga Shuddh Sarang, Raga Madhuvanti |others=Aruna Narayan |year=1995 |chapter=The sarangi today |first=Jane |last=Harvey |page=5 |type=CD booklet |publisher=[[Nimbus Records]] |id=NI 5447 |location=United Kingdom}}</ref> She was the first woman to give a solo ''sarangi'' concert and emigrated to Canada in 1984.<ref name="Q126" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Nair |first=Malini |title=Serenading solo |newspaper=[[DNA (newspaper)|Daily News & Analysis]] |date=10 March 2010 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_female-frontiers_1357319 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923161134/http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_female-frontiers_1357319 |archive-date=23 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another son, Shiv, who is a year younger than Aruna, learned to play the ''tabla'', and toured Australia with his father.<ref>{{cite news|last=Murdoch|first=Anna|title=Music lesson for the West|newspaper=[[The Age]]|date=22 September 1986|page=14|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vbMnAAAAIBAJ&pg=2234,124944}}</ref> Brij Narayan's son, [[Harsh Narayan]], plays the ''sarangi''.<ref name="Suryanarayan" /> In 2009, Narayan performed at [[BBC]]'s [[The Proms]] in the [[Royal Albert Hall]], [[London]], with Aruna, and he played at the 2010 [[Sawai Gandharva Music Festival]], [[Pune]], with Harsh.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hewett |first=Ivan |title=BBC Proms 2009: Indian Voices – review |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=17 August 2009 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/proms/6044228/BBC-Proms-2009-Indian-Voices-review.html |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114184758/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/proms/6044228/BBC-Proms-2009-Indian-Voices-review.html |archive-date=14 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sarangi, sitar maestros regale Puneites|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 January 2010 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-11/pune/28129351_1_sitar-tabla-girija-devi |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811025259/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/-Sarangi-sitar-maestros-regale-Puneites/articleshow/5431478.cms |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Narayan was a [[Hindu]] and had stated "music is my religion", arguing that there was no better access to divinity than music.<ref name="Sorrell29" /> He died on 9 November 2024, at the age of 96, in his residence in [[Bandra]], Mumbai. His funeral was performed with state honors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/music/story/legendary-sarangi-player-pandit-ram-narayan-dies-at-96-2630861-2024-11-09 |title=Legendary sarangi player Pandit Ram Narayan dies at 96 |author= |date=9 November 2024 |publisher=India Today |access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gettyimages.de/detail/nachrichtenfoto/police-personnel-performed-full-state-honors-during-nachrichtenfoto/2183204135 |title=Legendary Sarangi Player Pandit Ram Narayan Dies At 96 |author= |date=9 November 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |publisher=Getty Images |access-date=10 November 2024}}</ref>

== Discography ==
{{main|Ram Narayan discography}}

== Writings ==
* {{Cite book |title=Indian music in performance: a practical introduction |last=Sorrell |first=Neil |author2=Narayan, Ram |year=1980 | publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] | isbn=978-0-7190-0756-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Narayan |first=Ram |title=एक सुर मेरा एक सारंगी का |trans-title=A tune of mine, one of the sarangi |year=2009 |publisher=Kitabghar Prakashan |location=New Delhi |language=hi |isbn=978-81-907221-2-4}}

== See also ==
* {{Portal inline|India}}
* {{Portal inline|Music}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== References ==
* {{Cite journal |last=Bor |first=Joep |date=1 March 1987 |title=The Voice of the Sarangi |journal=Quarterly Journal |volume=15, 16 |issue=3, 4; 1 }}
* {{Cite book |last1=Bor |first1=Joep |last2=Bruguiere |first2=Philippe |year=1992 |title=Masters of Raga |location=Berlin |publisher=Haus der Kulturen der Welt |isbn=978-3-8030-0501-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bor |first=Joep |last2=Rao |first2=Suvarnalata |last3=Van der Meer |first3=Wim |last4=Harvey |first4=Jane |year=1999 |title=The Raga Guide |title-link=The Raga Guide |publisher=Nimbus Records |isbn=978-0-9543976-0-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Magriel |first=Nicolas |year=2021 |title=Sarangi Style in Hindustani Music |publisher=International Music Education Research Centre (iMerc) Press |isbn=9781905351398}}
* {{Cite book |last=Naimpalli |first=Sadanand |year=2005 |title=Theory and Practice of Tabla |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-149-5}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Neuhoff |first=Hans |year=2006 |title=Narayan, Ram |editor=Finscher, Ludwig |encyclopedia=[[Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart]] |language=de |volume=12 |edition=2nd |publisher=Bärenreiter |isbn=978-3-7618-1122-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Neuman |first=Daniel M. |year=1990 |orig-date=1980 |title=The Life of Music in North India |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofmusicinnor00neum |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-57516-2 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Qureshi |first=Regula Burckhardt |year=2007 |title=Master Musicians of India: Hereditary Sarangi Players Speak |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-97202-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Ashok |year=2004 |title=Music Makers: Living Legends of Indian Classical Music |publisher=Rupa & Co. |isbn=978-81-291-0319-2 }}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Slawek |first=Stephen |title=Hindustani Instrumental Music |year=2000 |editor=Arnold, Alison |encyclopedia=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent |volume=5 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Sorrell |first1=Neil |last2=Narayan |first2=Ram |year=1980 |title=Indian Music in Performance: A Practical Introduction | publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] | isbn=978-0-7190-0756-9 }}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Sorrell |first=Neil |title=Narayan, Ram |year=2001 |editor=Sadie, Stanley |encyclopedia=[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]] |edition=2nd |volume=17 |location=London |publisher=Macmillan Publishers |isbn=978-0-333-60800-5}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|q=Ram Narayan|s=no|commons=Ram Narayan|n=no|v=no|species=no}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120224183330/http://ramnarayansarangi.com/ Archived official website]
* {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000330264}}
* {{Discogs artist|Ram Narayan}}
* {{IMDb name | 0621256}}
* {{external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWu9HYgkjjw Full performance of Mishra Des, recorded 1991], YouTube video by Music Today}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1990–99}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narayan, Ram}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:All India Radio people]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Hindustani instrumentalists]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian male classical musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People from Udaipur district]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Sarangi players]]

Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)

2025-09-25T04:28:39Z

Alihaiderhussain:

{{short description|Indian television show}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ek ladki anjaani si Tv series.png
| caption =
| runtime = 23 minutes
| genre = Drama
| creator =
| writer = Suttapa Sikdar, Rajita, sanjay kumar
| director = Ravi Raj, Santosh Bhatt Arvind Gupta
| starring = [[Kanchi Kaul]] [[Arzoo Govitrikar]] [[Karishma Tanna]]
| open_theme =
| music = Abhijeet Hegdepatil
| country = India
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2005|11|21}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2007|9|12}}
| num_episodes = 364
| producer = Meesha Gautam, Sheel Kumar
}}
'''''Ek Ladki Anjaani Si''''' ({{Translation|''A stranger girl''}}) is an Indian television series which aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ek Ladki Anjaani Si turns 100|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/12look.htm|website=Rediff|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A new chapter|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/A-new-chapter/articleshow/15658266.cms|date=November 27, 2006|first=Ranjib|last=Mazumder|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref>

==Plot==
Anu is a very motivated, talented, and daring teenager that would do anything to fulfil her dreams. Ek Ladki Anjaani Si is a Hindi television series that shows the unique story of an eighteen-year-old girl, named Anu. The genre of this series is drama. The main protagonist, Anu, is played by [[Kanchi Kaul]], and later played by [[Sai Deodhar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ek Ladki Anjaani Si cast to grace Deal Ya No Deal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/ek-ladki-anjaani-si-cast-to-grace-deal-ya-no-deal/story-ghED3WHtQANp8sWoFrNh6O.html|date=2006-02-14|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Ek Ladki Anjaani Si' gets an extension|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k6/dec/decrel23.htm|date=2006-12-07|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV Series 2005–2007) - IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7981084/|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Enjoying being wicked|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/enjoying-being-wicked/story-CyWUtBe8D0sMeHEgNTkmOM.html|date=2006-06-27|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Kanchi Kaul]] as Ananya "Anu" Sachdev Samarth (2005–2006)
* [[Shakti Anand]] as Nikhil Samarth
* [[Arzoo Govitrikar]] as Tulika Nikhil Samarth
* [[Karishma Tanna]] as Ayesha
* [[Sai Deodhar]] as Ananya "Anu" Sachdev Samarth (2006–2007)
* [[Cezanne Khan]] as Dr. Dhruv Modi (2007) (Dead)
* [[Vaishnavi Mahant]] as Meera Sachdev
* [[Mohnish Bahl]] as Veer
* Niyati Joshi as Mrs. Samarth: Nikhil's mother
* [[Usha Bachani]] as Ayesha's mother
* [[Vikas Bhalla]] as Akshay
* [[Vishal Singh (actor, born 1974)|Vishal Singh]] as Yash
* [[Amrapali Gupta]] as Riya: Rajesh's daughter
* Vishal Watwani as Micky
* Swati Anand as Dr. Sunita
* [[Akshay Anand]] as Abhimanyu
* Rio Kapadia as Mr Shankarn
* [[Himani Shivpuri]] as Razia
* [[Hasan Zaidi]] as Suneel Saxena
* [[Nigaar Khan]] as Anita
* [[Sanjeev Seth]] as Rajesh: Meera's boyfriend; Ananya and Riya's father

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links ==

{{SET Shows}}

[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:2005 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2007 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Indian television series related to plastic surgery]]

Gurmukh Singh (footballer)

2025-09-24T05:53:37Z

Alihaiderhussain: Starting!

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{No significant coverage (sports)|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Gurmukh Singh
| image =
| image_size =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|01|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| height = {{height|m=1.81}}
| position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre-back]]
| currentclub = [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| youthyears2 =
| youthclubs2 = [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|Minerva Academy]]
| years1 = 2020
| clubs1 = [[Techtro Swades United FC|Techtro Swades]]
| caps1 = 10
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2021
| clubs2 = [[Garhwal FC]]
| caps2 = 0
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2021–2022
| clubs3 = [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| caps3 = 22
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2022–2023
| clubs4 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| caps4 = 10
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2023–
| clubs5 = [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| caps5 = 0
| goals5 = 0
| club-update = 21:30, 24 February 2023 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update =
}}

'''Gurmukh Singh''' (born 1 January 1999), is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association football)|defender]] for [[I-League]] club [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]].

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|24 February 2023}}<ref>{{soccerway|gurmukh-singh/809616}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
|{{nowrap|[[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]]}}
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]
|6||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||6||0
|-
|[[2021–22 I-League|2021–22]]
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League]]
|16||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||16||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|{{nowrap|[[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23]]}}
| rowspan="1" |[[Indian Super League]]
|10||0||2{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||12||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
|[[2023–24 I-League|2023–24]]
| rowspan="1" |I-League
|0||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!32!!0!!2!!0!!0!!0!!34!!0
|}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Gurmukh}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Rajasthan United FC players]]

{{India-footy-defender-stub}}

Ganapathi Thanikaimoni

2025-09-03T11:47:04Z

Alihaiderhussain: Starting

{{Short description|Indian botanist and palynologist (1938–1986)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes|date=August 2016}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2025}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ganapathi Thanikaimoni
[[File:thani.jpg]]
| birth_date = 1 January 1938
| birth_place = [[Chennai|Madras]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 5 September 1986 (age 48)
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]
| other_names = Thani
| known_for = Contributions to the science of [[palynology]]
| occupation = Botanist
}}
'''Ganapathi Thanikaimoni''' (1 January 1938 – 5 September 1986), often referred to as '''Thanikaimoni,''' was an Indian [[palynology|palynologist]].

== Early life and education ==

Born on New Year's Day, 1938 in [[Chennai|Madras]], [[India]], Thani received the Master of Science degree in botany in 1962 at the [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College, Madras]] under the direction of the plant morphologist, Professor [[B.G.L. Swamy]]. At the same time Thani was awarded the [[Philip Furley Fyson|Fyson Prize]] in Natural Science, which is reserved for outstanding Indian naturalists.

In 1970 Thani was granted a doctorate degree by the university of [[Montpellier]]. His thesis was on the pollen morphology, classification and [[phylogeny]] of 800 species of extant [[Palmae]] (Arecaceae).

== Scientific career ==

Thani took a position of scientist in the newly founded (1960) Palynology Laboratory of the [[French Institute of Pondicherry]] ({{langx|fr|Institut Français de Pondichéry}}) under the direction of Dr. Prof. Guinet. In a few years Thani's scientific and administrative abilities were recognized by his promotion to the directorship of the laboratory.

During the next decade he published numerous significant papers concerning such essentially tropical families as the [[Araceae]], [[Clusiaceae]], [[Menispermaceae]], [[Mimosaceae]] and Sonnera tiaceae [see ''Palynos'' 8(2): 7, Dec 1985]. In the majority of these publications, he gave a complete and accurate description of the [[pollen]] [[morphology (biology)|morphology]] of the species and included the morphology of the other plant organs, to elucidate their probable phylogeny and to justify the classification schemes selected.

Although the bulk of Thani's early research dealt with pollen of modern [[flora (plants)|flora]], in the late 1970s turned his attention to [[fossil]] pollen as well. Thani was invited to conduct a palynological investigation of the [[Borobudur]] monument by the Indonesian government and [[École française d'Extrême-Orient]] (EFEO). The palynological analysis and study helped identify six phases in the history of the UNESCO World Heritage Site spanning 600AD to 1900AD.

In 1983 he convened a workshop for French and Indian palynologists in [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]]<ref>''ICP Newsletter'' 6(1):6-7</ref> with the goal of clarifying the [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] of [[angiosperm]] pollen previously described from tertiary horizons of tropical [[Africa]] and [[India]]. For this project Thani's collection of more than 20,000 slides of tropical palynomorphs was of inestimable value. From this cooperative endeavor, a clear synthesis of 47 taxa was obtained and published. Furthermore, he had recently been active in organizing a symposium on tertiary pollen from tropical regions for the 7th IPC in Brisbane, Australia.

In recognition of his contributions in the fields of botany, palynology and paleoenvironmental studies, Dr. Thanikaimoni was elected a Fellow of the [[Linnean Society of London]].

== Environmental protection ==

As knowledge of the significant role that mangrove ecosystems play in the tropical coastal zone grew worldwide, it became clear that mangroves are marginal ecosystems, vulnerable to sudden or drastic changes in the environment. [[Mangroves]] do not recover spontaneously after the impact of natural or man-made catastrophic events such as cyclones or felling of the mangrove forests.

In [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], he advised the government on matters pertaining to the protection of the coastline, rehabilitation of arid areas and the impact of human development on the local ecosystem.

Thani was instrumental in focusing attention to the tremendous ecological role that the mangrove ecosystem played in protecting coastlines from tidal waves ([[tsunami]]) and land erosion. He spearheaded scientific initiatives centered around the mangrove ecosystem at [[Pichavaram]].

He was involved in UNESCO's Asia and Pacific Mangrove Project—a multidisciplinary integrated initiative for a better understanding of the structure and function of mangrove ecosystems for sustainable use and management.

Thani's scientific contribution in the realm of mangrove ecology are recorded in the posthumously published ''Palynology Manual''. He left behind first-class work that is a benchmark for the identification of pollen from species of mangrove plants of ages past.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}

== Death ==
Thani was on his way to the US when the airplane in which he was flying, [[Pan Am Flight 73]], was hijacked in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]] on 5 September 1986. Thani sustained fatal injuries to the head in the gun-battle which followed an attempt by Pakistani commandos to storm the aircraft and kill the terrorists. It was reported that he was trying to extend help to a child when he was struck by bullets and shrapnel from an exploding grenade carried by the terrorists.

He had been invited to present a lecture at a symposium on marine palynology, as a part of the [[UNESCO]]-sponsored Second International Conference on Paleo-oceanography that was held 6–12 September at the [[Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]] in Massachusetts, USA.

== Legacy ==
The 22,000 pollen slide collection of the [[French Institute of Pondicherry]] was named the Dr. Thanikaimoni pollen reference slide collection as a tribute to Dr. G. Thanikaimoni during the 50th anniversary celebration of the palynology laboratory in 2010.

Tertiary spores and pollen named after Thanikaimoni:
* ''Retimonocolpites thanikaimonii'' (Tarkeshwar Formation, Rajpardi, Cambay Basin, Gujarat, India)
* ''Spinizonocolpites thanikaimonii'' (Tarkeshwar Formation, Rajpardi, Cambay Basin, Gujarat, India)
* ''Warkallopollenites thanikaimonii'' (Cliff Section, Warkalli Formation, [[Varkala]], Kerala, India)

== Bibliography ==

* Contribution to the pollen morphology of Eriocaulaceae. Pollen Spores 7: 181–191. 1965.
* Pollen morphology of the genus Utricularia. Pollen Spores 8: 265–284. 1966.
* Contribution a l'etude palynologique des Palmiers. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Tray. Sect. Sci. Tech. (2): 1-92. 1966.
* Pollen morphology of Sonneratiaceae. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Trciv. Sect. Sci. Tech. 5(2): 1–12. 1966 (with DMA. Jayaweera).
* Morphologie des pollens des Menispermacees. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Trciv. Sect. Sci. Tech. 5(4): 1-57. 1968.
* Esquisse palynologique des Aracees. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Tray. Sect. Sci. Tech. 5(5): 1-31. 1969.
* Les Palmiers: palynologie et systematique. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Tray. Sect. Sci. Tech. 11: 1–286. 1970. (from his D.Sc. thesis at the Univ. of Montpellier).
* Pollen morphology, classification and phylogeny of Palmae. Ada nsonici 10: 347–365. 1970.
* Bomarea lyncina Mirb. (Amaryllidaceae) and Auriculiidites Elsik. Pollen Spores 12(2): 177–180. 1970. (with W.C. Elsik).
* Quelques resultats d'analyses polliniques sur les [[Nilgiris (mountains)|Nilgiri]]. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Tray. Sect. Sci. Tech. 10: 127–139. 1971.
* [[Palynology]] in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]]. J. Palynol. 8: 156–162. 1972. (with P. Legris).
* Pollen morphologie. Pp. 1–63 IN: Revision du Arophyteae (Araceae) (J. Bogner, ed). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 1972. (with F. Blasco).
* Sarraceniaceae: palynology and systematics. Pollen Spores 14: 143–155. 1972. (with C. Vasanthy).
* Index bibliographique sur la morphologie des pollens d'Angiospermes. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Tray. Sect. Sci. Tech. 12 et seq. Five volumes. 1972–1986.
* Relation between the pollen spectra and the vegetation of a south Indian [[mangrove]]. Pollen Spores 15: 281–292, 1973. (with C. Caratini and F. Blasco).
* Late Quaternary vegetational history of the southern region. Pp. 632–643 IN: Aspects and appraisal of Indian palaeobotany (K. Surange et al., eds.) B. Sahni Inst. Palaeobot., Lucknow. 1974. (with F. Blasco).
* Pollen analysis. Pp. 37–54 IN: Laang Spean and the prehistory of [[Cambodia]] by R. Mourer. Modern Quaternary Research in S.E. Asia. 1977.
* L'analyse pollinique de debris archeologiques du [[Borobudur]]. Mern. Archeol. E.F.E.O., Paris 12: 69–72. 1977.
* Pollen morphological terms; proposed definitions. Proc. IVint. Palynol. Conf., Lucknow 1: 223–239. 1978.
* Principal works on the pollen morphology of the Compositae. Pp. 249–265 IN: The biology and chemistry of the Compositae (V.H. Hay-wood et al., eds.) Academic Press, New York. 1977.
* [[Mangroves]] of India: palynological study and recent history of the vegetation. Proc. IV Jut. Palynol. Conf., Lucknow 3: 49–59. 1978. (with C. Caratini and C. Tissot).
* Index palynologius. Proc. IV Jut. Palynol. Conf., Lucknow 3: 344–348. 1978.
* Pollen morphology of primitive angiosperms: some neglected aspects. Proc. IV Int. Palynol. Conf., Lucknow 1: 542–545. 1978. (with F. RolandHeydacker).
* Morphological index to Van Campo's African pollen atlas. Bull. Inst. Foudam. Afr. Noire 41A: 286–299. 1979. (with C. Vibichanaraw).
* Palynological investigation on the [[Borobudur]] monument. Bull. E.F.E.O. 72: 237–250. 1983.
* Palynological report on the Satingpra (Thailand) samples. In [[Satingpra]]. I. The environmental and economic archaeology of South Thailand, J. STARGARDT. British Archaeological Research International Series no 158. Oxford, 1983.
* Menispermacees: palynologie et systematique. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Trav. Sect. Sci. Tech. 13: 1–135. 1984. (with F. Roland, 1K. Ferguson, M.T. Cerceau & L. Derouet).
* Principal works on the pollen morphology of Myrtales. Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 71(3): 970–985. 1984.
* Omniaperaturate Euphorbiaceae pollen with striate spines. Bull. lard. But. Ncitl. Belg. 54 (1/2): 105–125. 1984. (with C. Caratini, S. Nilsson & E. Grafstrom).
* Selected Tertiary Angiosperm pollens from India and their relationship with African Tertiary pollens. - Trav. Sect. Sci. Tech., Institut Français de Pondichéry 19:93 pp. 72 pl. 1 map. 1984 (with C. Caratini, B.S. Venkatachala, C.G.K. Ramanujam & R.K. Kar (ed.))
* Palynology and phylogeny. Bibl. Bot., Stuttgart, 137: 11–14. 1985.
* Pollen apertures: form and function. Pp. 119–136 IN: Pollen and Spores; Form and Function (Black-more & Ferguson, eds.). Academic Press, London. 1985.
* Pollens d'Angiospermes du Tertiaire de I'Inde et leurs relations avec les pollens du Tertiaire d'Afrique. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Trav. Sect. Sci. Tech. 19: (in press with multiple authors).
* Variation de l'aperture des Annonacees: tendances palynologiques nouvelles. IXe Symposium A.P.L.F., Montpellier, October 1985. Mciii. E.P.H.E. Montpellier (In press, with A. Le Thomas).
* Mangrove Palynology. Pondichéry : Institut Français de Pondichéry, 1987.

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Blasco, F. G. (1986). Thanikaimoni, 1938–1986, Pollen et Spores, 28(3-4), 259–264.
* Chanda, S. (1987). Obituary (G. Thanikaimoni, 1938–1986), Science and Culture, 53(3), 76–74.
* Shripad, N. A. (1987). G. Thanikaimoni, 1938–1986, Grana, 26(1), 1–4.
* Chanda, S. (1987). Obituary Dr. G. Thanikaimoni, 1938–1986, Geophytology, 17(1), 122–123.
* Pocock, S. A. J. (1986). G. Thanikaimoni: a memorial, CAP Newsletter, 9(2), 21.
* Deshayes, M. (1987). Ganapathy Thanikaimoni, 1938–1986, Taxon, Vol. 36, No. 1 (Feb., 1987), pp. 331–334
* Chanda, S. (1988). Journal of Palynology (G. Thanikaimoni Memorial Volume), Journal of Palynology, 23–24, 1987–1988, Delhi, Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, 254 p.
* Skvarla, J. J., Rowley, J. R. & Vezey, E.L. (1989). Analysis of the Thanikaimoni Palynological Indices, Taxon 38(2), 233–237.
* Recent advances in palynology: G. Thanikaimoni memorial volume (1989) Authors: Chanda, Sunirmal; Journal of palynology, vol. 23–24, 1988. T.p. verso. "List of publications of Dr. G. Thanikaimoni": p. iii–v.
* Eminent Indian Botanists Past and Present: Biographies and Contributions. Author: P. Suresh Narayana, T. Pullaiah. Regency Publications 2010
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255708367_Scientometric_Portrait_of_G_Thanikaimoni_A_Palynologist_of_High_Repute Scientometric Portrait of G. Thanikaimoni, French Institute of Pondicherry] (2012), Authors: Saravanan G., Prasad S.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thanikaimoni, Ganapathi}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian botanists]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London]]
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil academics]]
[[Category:Terrorism victims in India]]
[[Category:Mass murder victims]]
[[Category:Palynologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil scientists]]
[[Category:Terrorism deaths in Pakistan]]

Deivam Thantha Poove

2025-08-28T08:11:36Z

Alihaiderhussain: Starting

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Deivam Thantha Poove.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = Drama
| based_on =
| developer =
| writer = '''Dialogues''' Mithra Azhaguvel
| director = Prathap Mani
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Nishma Chengappa
* Sreenithi
* Amruth Kalam
}}
| theme_music_composer = J.V
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 549
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Anil Sundar Gugan Manohar
| editor = Udhayachandran
| cinematography = David Bhaskar
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Rajammal Creations
| network = [[Zee Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|12|13}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2023|08|26}}
}}

'''''Deivam Thantha Poove''''' ''('''DTP''')'' ({{Translation|God presented flower}}) is a 2021-2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] aired on [[Zee Tamil]] and streams on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/zee-tamil-planned-to-introduce-new-serials-with-more-twist-and-turns-090257.html|title=புது சீரியல்களை களமிறக்கும் ஜீ தமிழ்.. மத்த சீரியல் மாதிரி இல்ல.. கதைல பல ட்விஸ்ட் இருக்கு !|language=ta|website=tamil.filmibeat.com |date=8 December 2021 }}</ref> It premiered on 13 December 2021 along with ''[[Peranbu (TV series)|Peranbu]]''.

It initially stars Nishma Chengappa and Amruth Kalam in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/deivam-thantha-poove-to-premiere-on-december-13/articleshow/88188434.cms|title=Deivam Thantha Poove to premiere on December 13|website=Times of India |date=9 December 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/peranbu-deivam-thantha-poove-zee-tamil/|title=Peranbu And Deivam Thantha Poove – Zee Tamil Latest Serials|website=indiantvinfo.com|date=13 December 2021 }}</ref> and the story is Mithra enters into a contract marriage with Vinay, who is diagnosed with cancer. After 6-year leap, it stars Sree Nidhi, (replacement of Nishma) and Amruth Kalam. Now the story focuses on the union of Mithra and Vinay. The series was ended on 26 August 2023 with 549 Episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-deivam-thantha-poove-to-go-off-air-soon-actress-sree-nidhi-turns-emotional/articleshow/100177542.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Deivam Thantha Poove' to go off-air soon|language=en|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=12 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/daily-soap-deivam-thantha-poove-goes-off-air-after-three-years-of-successful-run-actress-sree-nidhi-turns-emotional/articleshow/103166429.cms|title=Daily soap Deivam Thantha Poove goes off-air after three years of successful run|language=en|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=29 August 2023 }}</ref>

==Synopsis==
===Season 1===
Mithra from a poor background, comes out from the family for to settle the lend money of her father. But things takes turn, she faces lots of struggles to live in a new place, accidentally she met Dr. Ramakrishnan and seeks for help. Ramakrishna provides a shelter and job to Mithra. Ramakrishna's son Vinay, affected from Cancer and his father and mother Vasuki searches for Bride, as Vinay's lover and fiancée Thara rejects him because he has Cancer disease. So Mithra decide to marry Vinay has in the form of [[Marriage|Contract marriage]] by getting money because her main motto is to settle the lend money. Later Mithra falls towards Vinay by his caring.

===Season 2===
Due to Deepika's (Vinay's friend) evil plan, Vinay believed that Mithra was in affair and he can't accept be the father for Mithra's pregnancy. Mithra feels bad about Vinay and took the DNA test. Finally the result came positive and Vinay was shocked.

Vinay pleased Mithra, but Mithra leaves him as he was not believed her truly. After 6 years, Mithra blessed with boy baby Vikram and living in Gandhimati's house as a servant. Now Vinay and their family in search of Mithra. (End on 26 August 2023).

==Cast==
;Main
* [[Nishma Chengappa]] (2021–2022) as Mithra: Vikram's mother; Vinay's wife; she married Vinay for money as a contract marriage and she works in Ramakrishnan's hospital
* Amruth Kalam as Vinay: Mithra's husband; he is affected by Cancer and finally cured.

;Supporting
* Sridhar Subramaniyam as Dr. Ramakrishnan: Vinay's father; Mithra's father-in-law; Vasuki's husband
* Harsha Nair as Vasuki: Vinay's mother; Mithra's mother-in-law; Ramakrishnan's wife
* Nancy as Deepa: Mithra's friend; she works as Nurse in Ramakrishnan's hospital
* Gayathri Priya as Uma: Mithra and Tharani's mom
* Murali Krish as Arun: Vasuki's younger brother; Vinay's uncle
* Poraali Dileepan as Ragu: Ramakrishnan's younger brother
* VJ Santhiya (2021–2022) / Minnal Deepa (2022) as Vasanthi: Ramakrishnan's younger sister-in-law (Antagonist)
* Uma Maheswari as Tharani: Mithra's younger sister
* Sandhya Ramachandran as Thara: Vinay's ex-fiancée
* Sailu Imran (2022) / Nithya Raj (2022) as Deepika: Vinay's friend (Antagonist)
* Jay Srinivas as Ashwin: he loved Mithra and works in Ramakrishnan's hospital

===After 6 years leap===
;Main
* Sreenithi (2022–2023) as Mithra: She was away from Vinay and her family and staying in Karthik's house (Replacement of Nishma)
* Amruth Kalam as Vinay: Mithra's husband, who was in search of Mithra and his son Vikram

;Supporting
* [[Shanthi Williams]] as Gandhimati: Karthik's mother
* Satvik Dev as Vikram: Vinay and Mithra's son
* Sridhar Subramaniyam as Dr. Ramakrishnan: Vinay's father; Mithra's father-in-law; Vasuki's husband
* Harsha Nair as Vasuki: Vinay's mother; Mithra's mother-in-law; Ramakrishnan's wife
* Murali Krish as Arun: Vasuki's younger brother; Vinay's uncle
* Ajai Bharat as Karthik: Gandhimati's son; Mithra's boss (Antagonist)
* Preetha Suresh as Thenmozhi: Gandhimati's granddaughter
* Aravind as
* [[Sonia (actress)|Sonia]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Popular Tamil serial actors Sonia Bose Venkat and Aravind make an entry in 'Deivam Thantha Poove'; here's what actors have to say|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tamil-serial-actors-sonia-bose-venkat-and-aravind-make-an-entry-in-deivam-thantha-poove-heres-what-actors-have-to-say/articleshow/98805833.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=20 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> as

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Role !! Result
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Tamil Kudumbam Viruthugal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kutumba-viruthugal-awards-2023-to-air-on-january-14/articleshow/96938985.cms|title=Zee Kutumbam Viruthugal Awards 2023 to air on January 14|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=12 January 2023 }}</ref>
| Best Hero-Matinee
| Amruth Kalam
| Vinay
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Serial-Matinee
|
|
| {{Won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt16493196}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/deivam-thantha-poove/0-6-4z550530 ''Deivam Thantha Poove''] at [[ZEE5]]

{{Zee Tamil shows}}

[[Category:Zee Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Mahasi Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T05:17:31Z

Alihaiderhussain: put up new post

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mahasi
| type = SLA
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| map_image = 285-Mahasi.svg
| district = [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]]
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 285
| mla = [[Sureshwar Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| electors = 3,39,363
}}
'''Mahasi''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Mahasi and other parts of [[Mahasi tehsil]] in [[Bahraich district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher = [[Election Commission of India]] |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718103411/https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mahasi is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 285 among 403 constituencies. As of 2022 its representative is[[Sureshwar Singh]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Krishna Kumar Ojha]]<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name="election2017"/>
|rowspan=2|[[Sureshwar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<ref name="election2022"/>
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahasi<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sureshwar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:117883}}
|percentage = 54.58
|change = +1.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Krishna Kumar Ojha
|votes = {{formatnum:75199}}
|percentage = 34.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dinesh Kumar Shukla
|votes = {{formatnum:10651}}
|percentage = 4.93
|change = -12.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dr. Rajesh Tiwari
|votes = {{formatnum:4830}}
|percentage = 2.24
|change = -20.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sarvajan Hitay Party
|candidate = Dileep Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:3282}}
|percentage = 1.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2264}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change = -0.6
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:42684}}
|percentage = 19.76
|change = -10.16
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:215978}}
|percentage = 63.64
|change = +2.57
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''[[Sureshwar Singh]]''' won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Indian National Congress]] candidate '''Ali Akbar''' by a margin of 58,969 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Mahas<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sureshwar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:104654}}
|percentage = 53.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ali Akbar
|votes = {{formatnum:45685}}
|percentage = 23.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Krishna Kumar Ojha
|votes = {{formatnum:34685}}
|percentage = 17.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sabka Dal United
|candidate = Parmod Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2757}}
|percentage = 1.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Piyush
|votes = {{formatnum:1903}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3201}}
|percentage = 1.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:58969}}
|percentage = 29.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197137}}
|percentage = 61.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|27.64|81.37|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Bahraich district]]

K. H. Puttaswamy Gowda

2025-07-17T08:45:43Z

Alihaiderhussain: added a details...

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 2005)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''K. Puttaswamy Gowda''' (born 1954)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Gauribidanur Assembly constituency]] in [[Chikkaballapura district]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] as an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puneet Gowda (Khp) in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/k-h-puttaswamy-gowda-khp-gauribidanur-candidate-s10a139c018/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-election-results-2023-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Gauribidanur">{{cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Gauribidanur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10139.htm?ac=139 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503081921/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10139.htm?ac=139 |archive-date=3 May 2025 |access-date=3 May 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gowda is from Nagamangala, Mandya district, Karnataka. His late father was Honee Gowda. He completed his graduation in commerce in 1975, at RC Degree College which is affiliated with [[Bangalore University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=K H Puttaswamy Gowda(Independent(IND)):Constituency- GAURIBIDANUR(CHIKKABALLAPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=8631 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gowda won from the [[Gauribidanur Assembly constituency]] as an independent candidate in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 83,837 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[N. H. Shivashankara Reddy]] of [[Indian National Congress]], by a huge margin of 37,286 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Gauribidanur Election Result 2023 Live: Ind Candidate K.h.puttaswamy Gowda (khp) Wins From Gauribidanur |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/bagepalli-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-name-bjp-congress-jds-karnataka-assembly-election-result-1601858 |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka election 2023 results: List of winners from Chikkaballapur area constituencies. Congress wins 5 out of 8 seats |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/karnataka-election-2023-results-live-gauribidanur-chikkaballapur-yelahanka-hoskote-devanahalli-doddaballapur-101683884143817.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927112902/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/karnataka-election-2023-results-live-gauribidanur-chikkaballapur-yelahanka-hoskote-devanahalli-doddaballapur-101683884143817.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=2025-03-02 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puttaswamy Gowda, K. H. }}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Chikkaballapura district]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
{{Karnataka-politician-stub}}

Vijay Bhosle

2025-04-04T00:25:32Z

Alihaiderhussain: quick update

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1937)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Vijay Bhosle
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Vijay Hanumantrao Bhosle
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|10|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sangli]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Leg-break and googly
| club1 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| year1 = 1955–56 to 1966–67
| club2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| year2 = 1957–58 to 1958–59
| club3 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]
| year3 = 1967–68 to 1970–71
| columns = 1
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 110
| runs1 = 5,729
| bat avg1 = 41.81
| 100s/50s1 = 17/29
| top score1 = 208
| deliveries1 = 3,132
| wickets1 = 58
| bowl avg1 = 30.46
| fivefor1 = 2
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 7/77
| catches/stumpings1 = 54/1
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/38/38400.html CricketArchive
| date = 8 March 2021
}}
'''Vijay Hanumantrao Bhosle''' (born 1 October 1937) is a former Indian cricketer who played [[first-class cricket]] in India from 1956 to 1971.

Bhosle was a middle-order batsman and occasional leg-spin bowler who came close to national selection for some years in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramnarayan |first1=V. |author-link=V. Ramnarayan|title=Might they have played for India? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/v-ramnarayan-picks-an-xi-of-indian-cricketers-who-missed-out-on-national-selection-1089654 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=6 June 2012|last1=Waingankar |first1=Makarand |title=The field was his temple, cricket his God |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/the-field-was-his-temple-cricket-his-god/articleshow/13859274.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> He spent most of the first half of his career with [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] and the second half with [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]. He also represented [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]] from 1963–64 to 1968–69. The highest of his 17 [[Century (cricket)|centuries]] was 208 for Bombay against [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]] in the semi-final of the [[1968–69 Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajasthan v Bombay 1968–69 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1960S/1968-69/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/RAJ_BOM_RJI-SEMI2_31JAN-03FEB1969.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> His best bowling figures were 7 for 77 in the 1962–63 [[Moin-ud-Dowlah Gold Cup Tournament]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Air Force v Chidabaram's XI 1962–63 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1960S/1962-63/IND_LOCAL/OTHERS/MUD/IAF-XI_CHID-XI_MUD-SEMI1_11-13OCT19962.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=27496}}
* {{cricketarchive|id=38400}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhosle, Vijay}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Maharashtra cricketers]]
[[Category:Baroda cricketers]]
[[Category:Mumbai cricketers]]
[[Category:West Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian Universities cricketers]]
[[Category:Associated Cement Company cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian Starlets cricketers]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1930s-stub}}

Arunachal Pradesh Day

2025-03-07T22:05:31Z

Alihaiderhussain: added article.

{{Short description|Holiday celebrating Arunachal Pradesh's statehood}}
{{Infobox holiday
| type = state
| holiday_name = Arunachal Pradesh Statehood Day
| observedby = Citizens of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| significance = Formation of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| date = 20 February
| scheduling = same day each year
| duration = 1 day
| frequency = Annual
| firsttime = {{start date and age|df=yes|1987}}
}}

'''Arunachal Pradesh Statehood Day''' is a state holiday which is observed every year on 20 February to mark the formation of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-20 |title=Arunachal Pradesh 34th Statehood Day: All you need to know |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/arunachal-pradesh-foundation-day-1582113095-1 |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[Jagran Josh]]}}</ref>

== History ==
It was first observed on 20 February 1987 when [[Arunachal Pradesh]] was declared as 24th state of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-19 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Statehood Day |url=https://arunachal.mygov.in/arunachal-pradesh-statehood-day/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[MyGov.in]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, this day was celebrated as 36th State Foundation Day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statehood day of Arunachal Pradesh & Mizoram - What are important current affairs facts? - GKToday |url=https://www.gktoday.in/topic/statehood-day-of-arunachal-pradesh-mizoram/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[General Knowledge Today]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Indian state days|state=Arunachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Indian state foundation days]]
[[Category:Observances in India]]

High (TV series)

2025-03-02T20:30:51Z

Alihaiderhussain: added article...

{{short description|2020 Hindi Web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| director = Nikhil Rao
| producer =
| company = Jamic Films
| story =
| screenplay =
| voices =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Akshay Oberoi]]|[[Ranvir Shorey]]|[[Shweta Basu Prasad]]|[[Mrinmayee Godbole]]|[[Madhur Mittal]]}}
| cinematography =
| editor =
| writer = Nishant Goyal and Emil Thomas
| composer =
| theme_music_composer = Ninad Lad, Dipanjan Guha
| location = India
| runtime =
| genre = Crime thriller, Drama
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| list_episodes =
| num_episodes = 9
| last_aired = present
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2020|10|7}}
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| network = [[MX Player]]
}}

'''High''' is a 2020 [[Hindi-language]] crime, [[Thriller film|thriller]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] web series directed by Nikhil Rao and released on [[MX Player]]. The series starring [[Akshay Oberoi]], [[Mrinmayee Godbole]] and [[Ranvir Shorey]] as lead roles.<ref>{{cite web |title=High Web Series: Review, Trailer, Star Cast, Songs, Actress Name, Actor Name, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/high/seriesreview/78538606.cms |publisher=TOI}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=High review: The web-series is a trip on the wild side |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/high-review-the-web-series-is-a-trip-on-the-wild-side-2315972.html |website=Zee News |language=en |date=9 October 2020}}</ref>

==Plot==
Shiv Mathur is a good-hearted drug addict, approaches himself to a rehab center for treatment. The rehab is run by three doctors Shridhar Roy, Nakul and Shweta. The doctors developed something special in rehab, that once it hits the market, people won't be able to keep themselves away from it. The existence of the pill named 'Magic' creates a big disruption in the illegal drug market and manages to grab the attention of a professional assassin, Jackson Lakda and a news reporter Ashima Chauhan. The local gangsters Ghulam Bhai and Munna were involved to run their business of drugs. Eventually Shiv and the doctors make and execute their plan to spread the capsules of the new drug, because the drug is not harmful rather helpful for rehab. Pharmaceutical mafias and drug dealers start hunting them, who is behind the 'Magic'.<ref>{{cite web |title=High review: A web series high on substance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/high-review-a-web-series-high-on-substance-6706317/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=High - An MX Original Series : Episodes, Seasons, Videos, Photos, Synopsis, Cast & Crew of High - An MX Original Series |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/mx-player/high-an-mx-original-series/webseriesshow/78526376.cms |publisher=TOI}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Akshay Oberoi]] as Shiv Mathur
*[[Ranvir Shorey]] as Jackson Lakda
*[[Mrinmayee Godbole]] as Ashima Chauhan
*[[Shweta Basu Prasad]] as Dr. Shweta
*[[Prakash Belawadi]] as Dr. Shridhar Roy
*[[Mantra (actor)|Mantra]] as DJ
*[[Madhur Mittal]] as Jimmy
*[[Subrat Dutta]] as Dr. Roy
*Kunal Naik as Munna
*Nakul Bhalla as Dr. Nakul

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|13174524}}

[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:MX Player original programming]]
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]

Carl D'Silva

2025-01-13T10:53:40Z

Alihaiderhussain: Starting!

{{short description|Indian wildlife artist (died 2015)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Carl D'Silva''' (died 19 July 2015) was an Indian [[wildlife artist]] and [[naturalist]] well known for his paintings of birds in many [[ornithology|ornithological]] handbooks and [[field guide]]s.

[[File:Carl D'Silva, from Goa, artist and naturalist well known for his paintings of birds in many ornithological handbooks and field guides. 04.JPG|thumb|Carl D'Silva, December 2012 photo at Jardin Garcia da Orta, Panjim]]
[[File:Carl D'Silva, from Goa, artist and naturalist well known for his paintings of birds in many ornithological handbooks and field guides. 03.JPG|thumb|D'Silva demonstrates his work]]

Born in [[Goa]], D'Silva worked with [[ornithologist]] [[Salim Ali]] and illustrated several of his books published by the [[Bombay Natural History Society]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goa-world.com/goa/magazine/bird.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-03-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052543/http://www.goa-world.com/goa/magazine/bird.htm |archivedate=2016-03-04 }}</ref> When Ali's [[Book of Indian Birds]] was revamped for his birth centenary in 2002 (13th ed.), D'Silva re-did all the drawings.<ref name=ali-daniel>
{{cite book
|last = Ali
|first = Salim
|authorlink=Salim Ali (ornithologist)
|author2=J C Daniel |authorlink2=J. C. Daniel (naturalist)
|title = The book of Indian Birds, Twelfth Centenary edition
|year = 1983
|publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]]/[[Oxford University Press]]
|location = New Delhi
}}</ref> He has also illustrated a number of bird field guides produced by [[Christopher Helm]].

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:dSilva, Carl}}
[[Category:Bird artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian illustrators]]
[[Category:Painters from Goa]]
[[Category:Members of the Bombay Natural History Society]]

{{India-artist-stub}}