https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=AlekhkumarrBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-05T23:14:55ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alekh_Kumar_Parida&diff=307548Alekh Kumar Parida2022-04-28T19:41:20Z<p>Alekhkumarr: image added</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Alekh Kumar Parida<br />
| image = Alekh_Kumar_Parida.jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|12|16}}<br />
| birth_place = Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| occupation = Actor, Producer, Entrepreneur<br />
| education = ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan<br />
| mother = Bhagyabati Parida<br />
| father = Sudhakar Parida<br />
| height = 5 feet 4 inches (162.56 centimeters)<br />
| years_active = 2017-present<br />
}}<br />
'''Alekh Kumar Parida''' is an actor, music producer and entrepreneur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g.co/kgs/NnxzFB|title=google knowledge graph|website=google}}</ref> and the CEO and co-owner of Fame Bross, a digital marketing company. Kumar is also working as a freelance Movie Critic for news portals.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Learn the meaning of Entrepreneurship with Leading Entrepreneurs Animesh Kumar and Alekh Kumar Parida|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/learn-the-meaning-of-entrepreneurship-with-leading-entrepreneurs-animesh-kumar-and-alekh-kumar-parida-231661261|date=30 March 2021|website=Mid-Day}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Alekh Kumar was born in Bhubaneswar on 16 December 1999 and completed his primary schooling from Central Public School, Adityapur in Jharkhand and then went to Sacred Heart School, Kota in Rajasthan for higher studies. He is currently pursuing a Bachelor's Degree in computer science at ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan in Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Milan Shah and Alekh Kumar Parida Founders Of Alliancetime Media, Shares secrets of being a successful Entrepreneur|url=https://theprimetime.in/milan-shah-and-alekh-kumar-parida-founders-of-alliancetime-media-shares-secrets-of-being-a-successful-entrepreneur/|date=15 March 2021|website=Prime Time}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
He started his career in Digital Marketing in 2017 at the age of 18 and continued exploring his skills and found excellence in acting and joined the production industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Alekh Kumar Parida – The Master of Celebrity Management|url=https://www.fabworldtoday.com/meet-alekh-kumar-parida-the-master-of-celebrity-management/|website=FabWorldToday|language=en}}</ref> In his production career he had produced a music video “Living Di life” in collaboration with Jamaican cricketer Chris Gayle.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Chris Gayle collabs with Alliance Time Media, Alekh Kumar Parida, Milan Shah: A mesmerising music video worth watching|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-chris-gayle-collabs-with-alliance-time-media-alekh-kumar-parida-milan-shah-a-mesmerising-music-video-worth-watching-2888310/|date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Big revelation by producers Milan Shah and Alekh Kumar Parida about their collaboration with “CHRIS GAYLE” for a music video|url=https://www.timebulletin.com/big-revelation-by-producers-milan-shah-and-alekh-kumar-parida-about-their-collaboration-with-chris-gayle-for-a-music-video/|date=24 December 2020|website=Time Bulletin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*The Most Active Person of Media award 2020<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Alekh kumar Parida और Milan Shah ने म्यूजिक वीडियो 'लिविंग द लाइफ' के लिए आए साथ|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/music/alekh-kumar-parida-and-milan-shah-came-together-for-the-latest-music-video-living-the-life/903442|date=19 May 2021|website=Zee News Hindi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{URL|alekhkumar.com|Official website}}<br />
*{{Twitter|alekhkumarr}}<br />
*{{Facebook|alekhkumarr}}<br />
*{{Instagram|alekhkumarr}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1999 births]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Bezos&diff=307549Jeff Bezos2022-04-28T19:27:42Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|American engineer and entrepreneur (born 1964)}} {{Redirect|Bezos|other people with the surname|Bezos (surname)}} {{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Good article}} {{Use American English|date=July 2018}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox person | name = Jeff Bezos | image = Jeff Bezos at Amazon Spheres Grand Opening in Seattle - 2018 (39074799225) (cropped).jpg | caption = Bezos at the opening of Amazon Sphe..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American engineer and entrepreneur (born 1964)}}<br />
{{Redirect|Bezos|other people with the surname|Bezos (surname)}}<br />
{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Jeff Bezos<br />
| image = Jeff Bezos at Amazon Spheres Grand Opening in Seattle - 2018 (39074799225) (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Bezos at the opening of [[Amazon Spheres]] in Seattle, 2018<br />
| birth_name = Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|01|12}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], U.S.<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Entrepreneur|media proprietor|investor|computer engineer}}<br />
| education = [[Princeton University]] ([[Bachelor of Engineering|BSE]])<br />
| title = {{Unbulleted list|Founder and executive chairman of [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]|Founder of [[Blue Origin]]|Founder of [[Bezos Expeditions]]}}<br />
| years_active = 1986–present<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[MacKenzie Scott]]|1993|2019|end=divorced}}<br />
| partner = [[Lauren Sánchez]]<br />(2019–present)<br />
| children = 4<br />
| relatives = [[Mark Bezos]] (brother)<br />[[George Strait]] (cousin)<br />
| signature = Jeff Bezos signature.svg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Jeffrey Preston Bezos''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|eɪ|z|oʊ|s}} {{respell|BAY|zohss}};<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posttv/national/jeff-bezos-pronounces-his-name/2013/08/07/c6992b0a-ffa9-11e2-96a8-d3b921c0924a_video.html|title=Jeff Bezos pronounces his name|year=2009|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=August 17, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110114816/https://www.washingtonpost.com/posttv/national/jeff-bezos-pronounces-his-name/2013/08/07/c6992b0a-ffa9-11e2-96a8-d3b921c0924a_video.html|archive-date=January 10, 2019}}; and Robinson (2010), p.&nbsp;7.</ref> ''né'' '''Jorgensen'''; born January 12, 1964) is an American entrepreneur, [[media proprietor]], investor, computer engineer, and [[commercial astronaut]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Roulette|first=Joey|date=December 10, 2021|title=Jeff Bezos Is Getting Astronaut Wings. But Soon, the F.A.A. Won't Award Them.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/10/science/astronaut-wings-faa-bezos-musk.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/10/science/astronaut-wings-faa-bezos-musk.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|access-date=December 13, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FAA Commercial Human Spaceflight Recognition|url=https://www.faa.gov/space/licenses/human_spaceflight/recognition/|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the founder and executive chairman of [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], where he previously served as the president and CEO. With a net worth of around US$182 billion as of April 2022, Bezos is the [[The World's Billionaires|second-wealthiest person]] in the world and was the wealthiest from 2017 to 2021 according to both [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]'s ''[[Bloomberg Billionaires Index|Billionaires Index]]'' and ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg Billionaire Index – Jeff Bezos|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/jeffrey-p-bezos/|url-status=live|website=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeff Bezos|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jeff-bezos/?list=rtb|website=Forbes}}</ref><br />
<br />
Born in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] and raised in [[Houston]] and [[Miami]], Bezos graduated from [[Princeton University]] in 1986. He holds a degree in [[electrical engineering]] and [[computer science]]. He worked on [[Wall Street]] in a variety of related fields from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos founded Amazon in late 1994, on a cross-country road trip from [[New York City]] to [[Seattle]]. The company began as an online bookstore and has since expanded to a wide variety of other [[e-commerce]] products and services, including video and audio streaming, [[cloud computing]], and [[artificial intelligence]]. It is currently the world's largest online sales company, the [[List of largest Internet companies|largest Internet company by revenue]], and the world's largest provider of [[virtual assistant]]s<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.analyticsinsight.net/unveiling-business-strategy-amazon21065-2/|title=Unveiling Business Strategy: Amazon|date=November 10, 2019|website=Analytics Insight|language=en-US|access-date=December 12, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212144907/https://www.analyticsinsight.net/unveiling-business-strategy-amazon21065-2/|archive-date=December 12, 2019}}</ref> and cloud infrastructure services through its [[Amazon Web Services]] branch.<br />
<br />
Bezos founded the [[aerospace manufacturer]] and [[sub-orbital spaceflight]] services company [[Blue Origin]] in 2000. Blue Origin's [[New Shepard]] vehicle [[Kármán line|reached space]] in 2015, and afterwards successfully landed back on Earth. He also purchased the major American newspaper ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in 2013 for $250&nbsp;million, and manages many other investments through his [[venture capital]] firm, [[Bezos Expeditions]]. In September 2021, Bezos co-founded [[biotechnology company]] [[Altos Labs]] with [[Mail.ru]] founder [[Yuri Milner]].<ref name="Regalado2021" /><br />
<br />
The first [[Billionaire|centibillionaire]] on the [[The World's Billionaires|''Forbes'' wealth index]],<ref>{{cite news|date=March 21, 2013|title=The centibillionaire club is expanding|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/markets/the-centibillionaire-club-is-expanding-1.4336019|access-date=September 29, 2020}}</ref> Bezos was named the "richest man in modern history" after his [[net worth]] increased to $150&nbsp;billion in July 2018.<ref>{{cite news|year=2019|title=This Is The Richest Person in the World|magazine=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2019/03/04/this-is-the-richest-person-in-the-world/|url-status=live|access-date=March 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304180154/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2019/03/04/this-is-the-richest-person-in-the-world/|archive-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> In August 2020, according to ''Forbes'', he had a net worth exceeding $200&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ponciano|first=Jonathan|title=Jeff Bezos Becomes The First Person Ever Worth $200 Billion|language=en|magazine=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanponciano/2020/08/26/worlds-richest-billionaire-jeff-bezos-first-200-billion/|url-status=live|access-date=August 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826221637/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanponciano/2020/08/26/worlds-richest-billionaire-jeff-bezos-first-200-billion/|archive-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, his wealth grew by approximately $24&nbsp;billion.<ref name=Evelyn>{{cite news|last=Evelyn|first=Kenya|date=April 15, 2020|title=Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos grows fortune by $24bn amid coronavirus pandemic|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/apr/15/amazon-jeff-bezos-gains-24bn-coronavirus-pandemic|url-status=live|access-date=April 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415165201/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/apr/15/amazon-jeff-bezos-gains-24bn-coronavirus-pandemic|archive-date=April 15, 2020}}</ref><!-- Do not change 4th paragraph until you reference the wealth section below in the body and Talk:Jeff Bezos FAQ #Q2. --> On July 5, 2021, Bezos stepped down as the CEO of Amazon and transitioned into the role of executive chairman; [[Andy Jassy]], the chief of Amazon's cloud computing division,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weise|first=Karen|date=February 2, 2021|title=Jeff Bezos to Step Down as Amazon C.E.O.|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/02/technology/jeff-bezos-amazon.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202211253/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/02/technology/jeff-bezos-amazon.html |archive-date=2021-02-02 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=February 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gartenberg|first1=Chaim|date=February 2, 2021|title=Amazon will have a new CEO as Jeff Bezos transitions to executive chair later this year|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/2/2/22263039/amazon-new-ceo-jeff-bezos-andy-jassy-executive-chair-board-q3-2021|access-date=February 2, 2021}}</ref> replaced Bezos as the CEO of Amazon. On July 20, 2021, he [[Blue Origin NS-16|flew to space]] alongside his brother [[Mark Bezos|Mark]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57386049|title = Jeff Bezos and brother to fly to space in Blue Origin flight|work = BBC News|date = June 7, 2021}}</ref> The [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|suborbital flight]] lasted over 10 minutes, reaching a peak altitude of {{convert|66.5|mi|km}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeff Bezos, Mark Bezos, Wally Funk and Oliver Daemen reach edge of space, return safely on Blue Origin's New Shepard rocket |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/07/20/bezos-space-flight-live-updates-video/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 20, 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen was born in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], on January 12, 1964,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2020/01/12/UPI-Almanac-for-Sunday-Jan-12-2020/8721578623716/|title=UPI Almanac for Sunday, Jan. 12, 2020|work=[[United Press International]]|date=January 12, 2020|access-date=June 27, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113032052/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2020/01/12/UPI-Almanac-for-Sunday-Jan-12-2020/8721578623716/|archive-date=January 13, 2020|quote=… Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos in 1964 (age 56)}}</ref> the son of Jacklyn (née Gise) and Theodore Jørgensen.<ref>Robinson (2010), pp. 14, 100</ref> At the time of Jeffrey's birth, his mother was a 17-year-old high school student and his father was 19 years old.<ref>Robinson (2010), pp. 14–15</ref> Theodore Jorgensen had ancestry from Denmark and was born in Chicago to a family of Baptists.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Everything_Store/t95iRvivDHIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22jeff+bezos%22+%22baptists%22&pg=PT139&printsec=frontcover |isbn=978-0-316-21925-9|title=The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon|date=October 15, 2013|publisher=Little, Brown}}</ref> After completing high school despite challenging conditions, Jacklyn attended night school while bringing Jeffrey along as a baby.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Clifford |first1=Catherine |title=Jeff Bezos's single teen mom brought him to night school with her when he was a baby |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/14/jeff-bezoss-single-teen-mom-brought-him-to-night-school-with-her.html |publisher=[[CNBC]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128051520/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/14/jeff-bezoss-single-teen-mom-brought-him-to-night-school-with-her.html |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |language=en |date=June 14, 2019 |quote=Condition one, I had to arrive and depart [high] school within five minutes of the starting and finishing bells. Condition two, I could not talk to other students. Condition three, I couldn’t eat lunch in the cafeteria. Condition four, I was told I would not be allowed to walk across the stage with my classmates to get my diploma |url-status=live}}</ref> After his parents divorced, his mother married Cuban immigrant Miguel "Mike" Bezos in April 1968.<ref>Robinson (2010), pp. 14, 18</ref> Shortly after the wedding, Mike adopted four-year-old Jeffrey, whose surname was then legally changed from Jorgensen to Bezos.<ref>Robinson (2010), p. 15</ref><br />
<br />
After Mike had received his degree from the [[University of New Mexico]], the family moved to [[Houston, Texas]], so that he could begin working as an engineer for [[Exxon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Family of Voices: Miguel Bezos |url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/family-voices/individuals/miguel-bezos |website=[[National Museum of American History]] |access-date=April 6, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Jeff Bezos attended a [[Montessori]] school in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], when he was two years old.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2020/10/14/why-some-locals-are-miffed-about-jeff-bezos-free-preschool-near-seattle/ Why Some Locals Are Skeptical About Jeff Bezos’ Free Preschool Near Seattle], Forbes, October 14, 2020</ref> Jeff Bezos attended [[River Oaks Elementary School (Houston)|River Oaks Elementary School]] in Houston from fourth to sixth grade.<ref>Robinson (2010), p. 18</ref> Bezos' maternal grandfather was Lawrence Preston Gise, a regional director of the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|U.S. Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC) in Albuquerque.<ref>Robinson (2010), p. 16</ref> Gise retired early to his family's ranch near [[Cotulla, Texas]], where Bezos would spend many summers in his youth.<ref>Robinson (2010), p. 17</ref> Bezos would later purchase this ranch and expand it from {{convert|25000|acre|ha|0}} to {{convert|300000|acre|ha|0}}.<ref name=Frank>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/15/business/media/jeff-bezos-amazon-rich-charity.html |title=At Last, Jeff Bezos Offers a Hint of His Philanthropic Plans|last=Frank|first=Robert |date=June 15, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|issn=0362-4331|access-date=March 8, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054205/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/15/business/media/jeff-bezos-amazon-rich-charity.html |archive-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref><ref name="parkhurst2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/morning_call/2015/08/jeff-bezos-just-sold-534-million-worth-of-amazon.html |title=Jeff Bezos just sold $534&nbsp;million worth of Amazon stock|last=Parkhurst|first=Emily |date=August 5, 2015|website=[[Puget Sound Business Journal]]|access-date=August 5, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150807183402/http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/morning_call/2015/08/jeff-bezos-just-sold-534-million-worth-of-amazon.html |archive-date=August 7, 2015}}</ref> Bezos displayed scientific interests and technological proficiency, and once rigged an electric alarm to keep his younger siblings out of his room.<ref>Robinson (2010), p. 19</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/jeffrey-p-bezos |title=Biography and Video Interview of Jeff Bezos at Academy of Achievement|publisher=Achievement.org|access-date=April 1, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190306162238/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jeffrey-p-bezos/ |archive-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref> The family moved to [[Miami, Florida]], where Bezos attended [[Miami Palmetto High School]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article1953866.html |title=Jeff Bezos: A rocket launched from Miami's Palmetto High|last=Yanez|first=Luisa |date=August 5, 2013|newspaper=[[Miami Herald]]|access-date=February 11, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084027/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article1953866.html |archive-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/1999/03/bezos-3 |title=The Inner Bezos|last=Bayers|first=Chip |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|access-date=February 11, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083431/https://www.wired.com/1999/03/bezos-3/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref> While Bezos was in high school, he worked at [[McDonald's]] as a short-order [[Chef de partie|line cook]] during the breakfast shift.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/42412/face-time-jeff-bezos |title=Face Time With Jeff Bezos|last=Fishman|first=Charles |date=January 31, 2001|magazine=[[Fast Company]]|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-date=April 17, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105518/https://www.fastcompany.com/42412/face-time-jeff-bezos |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bezos attended the Student Science Training Program at the [[University of Florida]]. He was high school [[valedictorian]], a [[National Merit Scholarship Program|National Merit Scholar]],<ref name="Robinson 2010, p. 24" /><ref name="st20120331">{{cite news|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2017883721_amazonbezos25.html |title=Amazon.com's Bezos invests in space travel, time|last=Martinez|first=Amy |date=March 31, 2012|access-date=August 10, 2013|newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]]|archive-date=July 2, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120702232441/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2017883721_amazonbezos25.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and a [[Silver Knight Award]] winner in 1982.<ref name="Robinson 2010, p. 24">Robinson (2010), p. 24</ref> In his graduation speech, Bezos told the audience he dreamed of the day when mankind would [[Space colonization|colonize space]]. A local newspaper quoted his intention "to get all people off the earth and see it turned into a huge national park".<ref>{{cite news|last=Foer|first=Franklin |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/11/what-jeff-bezos-wants/598363 |title=Jeff Bezos's Master Plan|work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=November 1, 2019 |access-date=October 10, 2019|archive-date=October 10, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191010193219/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/11/what-jeff-bezos-wants/598363/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1986, he graduated ''[[Latin honors|summa cum laude]]'' from [[Princeton University]] with a 4.2 [[Grading in education#United States|GPA]] and a [[Bachelor of Science in Engineering]] degree ([[Bachelor of Engineering|B.S.E.]]) in [[electrical engineering]] and [[computer science]]; he was also a member of [[Phi Beta Kappa]].<ref>Robinson (2010), p. 26</ref><ref name="Inside the Mind of Jeff Bezos">{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/50541/inside-mind-jeff-bezos-4|title=Inside the Mind of Jeff Bezos|last=Deutschman|first=Alan |date=August 1, 2004|work=Fast Company|access-date=March 7, 2018|archive-date=February 26, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211555/https://www.fastcompany.com/50541/inside-mind-jeff-bezos-4 |url-status=live}}</ref> While at Princeton, Bezos was a member of the [[Quadrangle Club]], one of Princeton's 11 eating clubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.princetonquadrangleclub.com/about.html |website=Princeton Quadrangle CLub|title=About|access-date=July 13, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200714022608/https://www.princetonquadrangleclub.com/about.html |archive-date=July 14, 2020}}</ref> In addition, he was elected to [[Tau Beta Pi]] and was the president of the Princeton chapter of the [[Students for the Exploration and Development of Space]] (SEDS).<ref>Robinson (2010), pp. 25–27</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/jeffrey-p-bezos/#interview |title=Biography and Video Interview of Jeff Bezos at Academy of Achievement|publisher=Achievement|access-date=April 7, 2019|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190306162238/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jeffrey-p-bezos/#interview |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Business career ==<br />
=== Early career ===<br />
After Bezos graduated from college in 1986, he was offered jobs at [[Intel]], [[Bell Labs]], and [[Andersen Consulting]], among others.<ref name="Robinson 2010, p. 72">Robinson (2010), p. 7</ref> He first worked at Fitel, a [[fintech]] telecommunications [[Startup company|start-up]], where he was tasked with building a network for [[international trade]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/7.03/bezos_pr.html|title=The Inner Bezos|last=Bayers|first=Chip|date=July 2003|magazine=Wired|access-date=April 30, 2018 |url-status= live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103507/http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/7.03/bezos_pr.html|archive-date=June 24, 2015}}</ref> Bezos was promoted to head of development and director of customer service thereafter. He transitioned into the banking industry when he became a product manager at [[Bankers Trust]]. He worked there from 1988 to 1990. He then joined [[D. E. Shaw & Co.|D. E. Shaw & Co]], a newly founded [[hedge fund]] with a strong emphasis on mathematical modelling in 1990 and worked there until 1994. Bezos became D. E. Shaw's fourth senior vice-president at age 30.<ref name=Bayers /><ref name="Robinson 2010, p. 72" /><br />
<br />
=== Amazon ===<br />
{{Main|Amazon (company)|l1=Amazon}}<br />
[[File:Jeff Bezos visits the Robot Co-op in 2005.jpg|thumb|Bezos (front row, center) at the Robot Co-op in 2005]]<br />
<br />
In late 1993, Bezos decided to establish an [[Online shopping|online bookstore]].<ref>Robinson (2010), p. 39</ref> He and his then-wife, MacKenzie, left their jobs at D. E. Shaw and founded Amazon in a rented garage in [[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]] on July 5, 1994, after writing its [[business plan]] on a cross-country drive from New York City to [[Seattle]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/27/how-amazon-founder-jeff-bezos-went-from-the-son-of-a-teen-mom-to-the-worlds-richest-person.html|title=How Amazon's Jeff Bezos went from the son of a teen mom to the richest person in the world|last=Clifford|first=Catherine|date=October 27, 2017 |publisher=CNBC|access-date=March 6, 2018|archive-date=March 7, 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180307151053/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/27/how-amazon-founder-jeff-bezos-went-from-the-son-of-a-teen-mom-to-the-worlds-richest-person.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="portfolio.com2">{{cite web|url= http://www.portfolio.com/resources/executive-profiles/Jeffrey-P-Bezos-1984|title=Top Executive Profiles – Jeffrey P. Bezos| website=Portfolio.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090204204126/http://www.portfolio.com/resources/executive-profiles/Jeffrey-P-Bezos-1984|archive-date=February 4, 2009|url-status= dead}}</ref> With Bezos at the helm and Scott taking an integral role in its operation—writing checks, keeping track of the books, and negotiating the company's first freight contracts—the foundation was laid for this garage-run operation to grow exponentially.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Matsakis |first=Louise |title=MacKenzie Bezos and the Myth of the Lone Genius Founder |language=en-US |work=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/mackenzie-bezos-amazon-lone-genius-myth/ |access-date=2022-04-14 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Prior to settling on Seattle, Bezos had investigated setting up his company at an [[Indian reservation]] near [[San Francisco]] in order to avoid paying taxes.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.fastcompany.com/27309/whos-writing-book-web-business| title= Who's Writing the Book on Web Business?| last=Taylor|first=William|date=October 31, 1996| magazine=Fast Company|access-date=November 24, 2020| archive-date=November 11, 2020| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201111221110/https://www.fastcompany.com/27309/whos-writing-book-web-business| url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos initially named his new company ''Cadabra'' but later changed the name to ''Amazon'' after the [[Amazon River]] in South America, in part because the name begins with the letter ''A'', which is at the beginning of the alphabet.<ref name="Amazon.com {{!}} History & Facts">{{cite encyclopedia |url= https://www.britannica.com/topic/Amazoncom|title=Amazon.com {{!}} History & Facts| encyclopedia= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=March 7, 2018|archive-date= June 8, 2019| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190608125826/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Amazoncom|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, website listings were alphabetized, so a name starting with "A" would appear sooner when customers conducted online searches.<ref name="Lebowitz">{{cite news |last=Lebowitz |first=Shana |date=July 5, 2019 |title=Amazon is celebrating its 25th birthday. Here's how the e-commerce giant got its name |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-jeff-bezos-chose-company-name-2018-5 |work=Business Insider |location=New York, NY}}</ref> In addition, he regarded "Amazon," the name of the world's largest river as fitting for what he hoped would become the world's largest online bookstore.<ref name="Lebowitz" /> He accepted an estimated $300,000 from his parents and invested in Amazon.<ref name="portfolio.com2" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Leibovich |first1=Mark |title=Child Prodigy, Online Pioneer |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/09/03/child-prodigy-online-pioneer/2ab207dc-d13a-4204-8949-493686e43415/ |access-date=June 8, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 3, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jeff Bezos convinced 22 investors to back his new company Amazon in 1994. Their returns? Mind-boggling |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/2143375/1994-he-convinced-22-family-and-friends-each-pay |access-date=June 8, 2021 |work=South China Morning Post |date=April 26, 2018}}</ref> He warned many early investors that there was a 70% chance that Amazon would fail or go bankrupt.<ref>Robinson (2010), p. 56</ref> Although Amazon was originally an online bookstore, Bezos had always planned to expand to other products.<ref name=Bayers /><ref name="Amazon.com {{!}} History & Facts" /> Three years after Bezos founded Amazon, he took it public with an [[initial public offering]] (IPO).<ref>{{cite web| url= http://fortune.com/2017/05/15/amazon-stock-20-years-ipo|title=If You Invested in Amazon at Its IPO, You Could Have Been a Millionaire|last=Shen|first=Lucinda|date=May 15, 2017|website=Fortune|access-date=March 7, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103918/http://fortune.com/2017/05/15/amazon-stock-20-years-ipo/|url-status=live}}</ref> In response to critical reports from ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' and ''[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]]'', Bezos maintained that the growth of the Internet would overtake competition from larger book retailers such as [[Borders Group|Borders]] and [[Barnes & Noble]].<ref name="Amazon.com {{!}} History & Facts" /><br />
<br />
In 1998, Bezos diversified into the online sale of music and video, and by the end of the year he had expanded the company's products to include a variety of other [[Final good|consumer goods]].<ref name="Amazon.com {{!}} History & Facts" /> Bezos used the $54&nbsp;million raised during the company's 1997 [[equity (finance)|equity offering]] to finance aggressive acquisition of smaller competitors.<ref name="Amazon.com {{!}} History & Facts" /> In 2000, Bezos borrowed $2&nbsp;billion from banks, as its cash balances dipped to only $350&nbsp;million.<ref name="Rivlin">{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/10/business/yourmoney/a-retail-revolution-turns-10.html|title=A Retail Revolution Turns 10|last=Rivlin|first=Gary|date=July 10, 2005|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=March 7, 2018|archive-date= January 12, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180112062707/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/10/business/yourmoney/a-retail-revolution-turns-10.html|url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, Bezos led Amazon to launch [[Amazon Web Services]], which compiled data from weather channels and [[Web traffic|website traffic]].<ref name="Amazon.com {{!}} History & Facts" /> In late 2002, rapid spending from Amazon caused it financial distress when revenues stagnated.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/10/business/yourmoney/a-retail-revolution-turns-10.html|title=A Retail Revolution Turns 10|last=Rivlin|first=Gary|date=October 7, 2005|work= The New York Times |access-date=April 3, 2018 |archive-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604053943/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/10/business/yourmoney/a-retail-revolution-turns-10.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After the company nearly went bankrupt, he closed distribution centers and laid off 14% of the Amazon workforce.<ref name="Rivlin" /> In 2003, Amazon rebounded from financial instability and turned a profit of $400&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/jeff_bezos_on_the_next_web_innovation|title=The electricity metaphor for the web's future|last=Bezos|first=Jeff|access-date=March 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019224630/https://www.ted.com/talks/jeff_bezos_on_the_next_web_innovation|archive-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2020}} In November 2007, Bezos launched the [[Amazon Kindle]].<ref name="Amazon: Reinventing the Book">{{cite web |url= http://www.newsweek.com/amazon-reinventing-book-96909| title=Amazon: Reinventing the Book|date=November 17, 2007|website=Newsweek|access-date=March 7, 2018 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231436/http://www.newsweek.com/amazon-reinventing-book-96909|archive-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> According to a 2008 ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' profile, Bezos wished to create a device that allowed a "[[Flow (psychology)|flow state]]" in reading similar to the experience of video games.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733758_1736345,00.html|title=The 2008 Time 100 |last=Quittner|first=Josh|date=May 12, 2008|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=March 7, 2018|issn=0040-781X|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120193819/http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733758_1736345,00.html|archive-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref> In 2013, Bezos secured a $600-million contract with the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) on behalf of Amazon Web Services.<ref name="Davenport">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/how-jeff-bezos-was-selected-but-never-joined-the-defense-innovation-board/2018/02/23/e3dd42d6-1828-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html|title=How Jeff Bezos was selected for, but never joined, the Defense Innovation Board|last1=Davenport|first1=Christian|date=February 23, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=March 7, 2018|last2=Lamothe|first2=Dan|issn=0190-8286|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231406/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/how-jeff-bezos-was-selected-but-never-joined-the-defense-innovation-board/2018/02/23/e3dd42d6-1828-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html|archive-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> In October of that year, Amazon was recognized as the largest online shopping retailer in the world.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.digitalcommerce360.com/2013/01/14/bezos-i-never-expected|title=Bezos: I never expected this'|date=January 4, 2013|work=Digital Commerce 360|access-date=March 11, 2018|archive-date=July 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724032133/https://www.digitalcommerce360.com/2013/01/14/bezos-i-never-expected/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Jeff Bezos' iconic laugh.jpg|thumb|upright|Bezos in 2010]]<br />
In May 2016, Bezos sold slightly more than one million shares of his holdings in the company for $671&nbsp;million, the largest sum he had ever raised from selling some of his Amazon stock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidermole.com/insider/bezos-jeffrey-p/transactions|title=Bezos Jeffrey P.: Insider Trading Transactions|publisher=InsiderMole.com|access-date=July 14, 2016|archive-date=August 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816081439/https://www.insidermole.com/insider/bezos-jeffrey-p/transactions|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 4, 2016, Bezos sold another million of his shares for $756.7&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davemanuel.com/net-worth/jeff-bezos|title=Jeff Bezos Net Worth|website=Davemanuel.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230114711/https://www.davemanuel.com/net-worth/jeff-bezos| archive-date=December 30, 2017}}</ref> A year later, Bezos took on 130,000 new employees when he ramped up hiring at company distribution centers.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/amazon-posts-profits-of-19-billion-its-highest-ever/2018/02/01/402aa9c2-06c5-11e8-94e8-e8b8600ade23_story.html |title=Amazon posts quarterly profit of $1.9&nbsp;billion, its highest ever|last=Bhattarai|first=Abha|date=February 1, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|issn=0190-8286|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135605/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/amazon-posts-profits-of-19-billion-its-highest-ever/2018/02/01/402aa9c2-06c5-11e8-94e8-e8b8600ade23_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> By January 19, 2018, his Amazon stock holdings had appreciated to slightly over $109&nbsp;billion; months later he began to sell stock to raise cash for other enterprises, in particular, [[Blue Origin]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-bezos-amazon-blue-origin-20180312-story.html|title=Bezos is putting $1&nbsp;billion a year into rocket-maker Blue Origin by selling Amazon stock|agency=Bloomberg|date=March 12, 2018|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=April 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114728/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-bezos-amazon-blue-origin-20180312-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On January 29, 2018, he was featured in Amazon's [[Super Bowl commercials|Super Bowl commercial]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/308222|title=Billionaire Jeff Bezos Will Star in Amazon's Super Bowl Ad|last=Belanger|first=Lydia|date=January 29, 2018|work=Entrepreneur|access-date=April 7, 2018|archive-date=April 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408010023/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/308222 |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 1, 2018, Amazon reported its highest ever profit with quarterly [[earnings]] of $2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-results/amazon-posts-largest-profit-in-its-history-on-sales-tax-boost-idUSKBN1FL6H0|title=Amazon posts largest profit in its history on sales, tax boost|last=Dastin|first=Jeffrey|date=February 1, 2018|work=Reuters|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=April 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114537/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-results/amazon-posts-largest-profit-in-its-history-on-sales-tax-boost-idUSKBN1FL6H0|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to the growth of [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]] in China, Bezos has often expressed interest in expanding Amazon into [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/after-losing-china-jeff-bezos-really-wants-to-win-in-india/articleshow/63204865.cms|title=After losing China, Jeff Bezos really wants to win in India|agency=Bloomberg|date=March 9, 2018|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=June 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611184844/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/after-losing-china-jeff-bezos-really-wants-to-win-in-india/articleshow/63204865.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 27, 2017, Bezos momentarily became the [[The World's Billionaires|world's wealthiest person]] over [[Microsoft]] co-founder [[Bill Gates]] when his estimated [[net worth]] increased to just over $90&nbsp;billion. His wealth surpassed $100&nbsp;billion for the first time on November 24, 2017, and he was formally designated the wealthiest person in the world by ''[[Forbes]]'' on March 6, 2018, with a net worth of $112&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/billions/2018/09/04/jeff-bezos-is-18-billion-richer-as-amazons-market-cap-briefly-hits-1-trillion/|title=Jeff Bezos Is $1.8 Billion Richer As Amazon's Market Cap Briefly Hits $1 Trillion|magazine=Forbes|date=September 4, 2018|last=Debter|first=Lauren|access-date=June 19, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621183449/https://www.forbes.com/sites/billions/2018/09/04/jeff-bezos-is-18-billion-richer-as-amazons-market-cap-briefly-hits-1-trillion/|archive-date=June 21, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Naturalization Ceremony (27590970472).jpg|thumb|left|Bezos receives the [[Smithsonian Institution|James Smithson Bicentennial]] medal on June 14, 2016, for his work with Amazon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yoursurvivalguy.com/financial-security/the-benefits-of-billionaires/|title=The Benefits of Billionaires|date=March 20, 2019|website=Young Research & Publishing Inc.}}</ref>]]<br />
In March 2018, Bezos dispatched Amit Agarwal, Amazon's global senior vice president, to India with $5.5&nbsp;billion to localize operations throughout the company's [[supply chain]] routes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-05/five-things-you-need-to-know-to-start-your-day-jeeqzcof|title=Five Things You Need to Know to Start Your Day|work=Bloomberg News|date=March 5, 2018|access-date=March 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306010642/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-05/five-things-you-need-to-know-to-start-your-day-jeeqzcof|archive-date=March 6, 2018|url-status=live }}</ref> Later in the month, U.S. President Donald Trump accused Amazon and Bezos, specifically of [[sales tax]] avoidance, misusing [[Mail|postal routes]], and [[Anti-competitive practices|anti-competitive]] business practices.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/03/forget-zuckerberg-trump-is-obsessed-with-breaking-jeff-bezos|title=Forget Zuckerberg: Why Trump Is "Obsessed" with Breaking Bezos|last=Kosoff|first=Maya|work=The Hive|access-date=January 2, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810055258/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/03/forget-zuckerberg-trump-is-obsessed-with-breaking-jeff-bezos|archive-date=August 10, 2020}}</ref> Amazon's share price fell by 9% in response to the President's negative comments; this reduced Bezos's personal wealth by $10.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2018/03/29/amazon-stock-amzn-jeff-bezos-net-worth|title=The World's Richest Man Just Lost $10.7 Billion as Trump Tweets About Amazon|last=Shen|first=Lucinda|date=January 2, 2018|work=Fortune|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404090913/http://fortune.com/2018/03/29/amazon-stock-amzn-jeff-bezos-net-worth/|url-status=live}}</ref> Weeks later, Bezos recouped his losses when academic reports out of [[Stanford University]] indicated that Trump could do little to regulate Amazon in any meaningful way.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-a-trump-led-antitrust-case-against-amazon-is-a-long-shot-1522501200|title=Why a Trump-Led Antitrust Case Against Amazon Is a Long Shot|last=Stevens|first=Laura|date=April 9, 2018|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=April 9, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408183802/https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-a-trump-led-antitrust-case-against-amazon-is-a-long-shot-1522501200|archive-date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> During July 2018, a number of members of the U.S. Congress called on Bezos to detail the applications of Amazon's [[Facial recognition system|face recognition]] software, [[Amazon Rekognition|Rekognition]].<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.fastcompany.com/90209707/congress-demands-jeff-bezos-explain-amazons-face-recognition-software| title=Congress demands Jeff Bezos explain Amazon's face recognition software|magazine=Fast Company|date=July 26, 2018|last=Captain|first=Sean|access-date=July 26, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727224612/https://www.fastcompany.com/90209707/congress-demands-jeff-bezos-explain-amazons-face-recognition-software|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Jeff Bezos-171027-F-DC888008 (25610066788).jpg|thumb|upright|Bezos on October 25, 2017, on his visit to [[Los Angeles Air Force Base]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/129133022@N07/25610066788/|title=171027-F-DC888008|date=December 31, 2011|via=Flickr}}</ref>]]<br />
Criticism of Amazon's business practices continued in September 2018 when Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] introduced the Stop Bad Employers by Zeroing Out Subsidies (Stop BEZOS) Act and accused Amazon of receiving [[corporate welfare]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/09/05/bernie-sanders-introduces-stop-bezos-act-senate/|title=Bernie Sanders introduces 'Stop BEZOS Act'|first=Abha|last=Bhattarai|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 5, 2018|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=September 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914152737/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/09/05/bernie-sanders-introduces-stop-bezos-act-senate/|url-status=live}}</ref> This followed revelations by the non-profit group New Food Economy which found that one third of Amazon workers in [[Arizona]], and one tenth of Amazon workers in [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Ohio]], relied on food stamps.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/5/17819450/bernie-sanders-stop-bezos-amazon-worker-pay-corporate-welfare-tax-bill|title=Bernie Sanders introduces 'Stop BEZOS' bill to tax Amazon for underpaying workers|first=Adi|last=Robertson|website=The Verge|date=September 5, 2018|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=September 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914131936/https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/5/17819450/bernie-sanders-stop-bezos-amazon-worker-pay-corporate-welfare-tax-bill|url-status=live}}</ref> While preparing to introduce the bill, Sanders opined: "Instead of attempting to explore Mars or go to the moon, how about Jeff Bezos pays his workers a living wage?"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/9/5/17822810/bernie-sanders-bill-bezos-amazon-ro-khanna|title=Bernie Sanders's BEZOS bill takes aim at how Amazon pays workers|first=Emily|last=Stewart|publisher=Vox|date=September 5, 2018|access-date= September 14, 2018|archive-date=September 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914094424/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/9/5/17822810/bernie-sanders-bill-bezos-amazon-ro-khanna|url-status=live}}</ref> He later said: "Bezos could play a profound role. If he said today, nobody who is employed at Amazon will receive less than a living wage, it would send a message to every corporation in America."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bernie-sanders-amazon-walmart-with-100-tax/|title=Bernie Sanders targets Amazon, Walmart with 100% tax|first=Kate|last=Gibson|publisher=CBS|date=September 5, 2018|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=September 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914131946/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bernie-sanders-amazon-walmart-with-100-tax/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sanders's efforts elicited a response from Amazon which pointed to the 130,000 jobs it created in 2017 and called the $28,446 figure for its median salary "misleading" as it included part-time workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.aboutamazon.com/company-news/response-to-senator-sanders|title=Response to Senator Sanders|date=August 29, 2018|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=September 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914005442/https://blog.aboutamazon.com/company-news/response-to-senator-sanders|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Sanders countered that the companies targeted by his proposal have placed an increased focus on part-time workers to escape benefit obligations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-amazon_us_5b8eecade4b0511db3dcfd55|title=What the Bernie Sanders Amazon welfare fight is really about|newspaper=[[HuffPost]]|date=September 5, 2018|first1=Arthur|last1=Delaney|first2=Dave|last2=Jamieson|access-date=September 14, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914181926/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-amazon_us_5b8eecade4b0511db3dcfd55|archive-date=September 14, 2018}}</ref> On October 2, 2018, Bezos announced a company-wide wage increase, which Sanders applauded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/business/amazon-minimum-wage.html|title=Amazon to raise minimum wage to $15 for all U.S. workers|first=Karen|last=Weise|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 2, 2018|access-date=October 22, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021233433/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/business/amazon-minimum-wage.html|archive-date=October 21, 2018}}</ref> The American workers who were being paid the minimum wage had this increased to $15 per hour, a decision that was interpreted as support for the [[Fight for $15]] movement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/story/why-amazon-really-raised-minimum-wage/|title=Why Amazon really raised its minimum wage to $15|first=Louise|last=Matsakis|magazine=Wired|date=October 2, 2018|access-date=October 22, 2018|archive-date=October 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030030200/https://www.wired.com/story/why-amazon-really-raised-minimum-wage/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2021, Bezos announced that in the [[Third quarter of a calendar year|third quarter]] of 2021 he would step down from his role as CEO of Amazon, to become the Executive Chairman of the Amazon Board. He will be replaced as CEO by [[Andy Jassy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon.com Announces Financial Results and CEO Transition|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/news-release/news-release-details/2021/Amazon.com-Announces-Fourth-Quarter-Results/default.aspx|access-date=|website=}}</ref> On February 2, 2021, Bezos sent an email<ref>{{cite web|title=Bezos' memo to fellow Amazonians|date=February 2, 2021|publisher=Amazon.com|url=https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/email-from-jeff-bezos-to-employees}}</ref> to all Amazon employees, telling them the transition would give him "the time and energy [he] need[s] to focus on the [[#Day 1 Fund|Day 1 Fund]], the [[Bezos Earth Fund]], [[Blue Origin]], [[The Washington Post]], and [his] other passions."<ref name=StillCEOTillThirdQuarter>{{cite web|title=NBC News reports Jeff Bezos' intention to stand down as CEO of Amazon in the third quarter of 2021|website=[[NBC]] News|date=February 2, 2021|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/jeff-bezos-steps-down-amazon-ceo-n1256540}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Blue Origin ===<br />
{{Main|Blue Origin}}<!-- This section is NOT about Blue Origin. It is about how Bezos relates (interacts) to (with) Blue Origin. Any other contributions can be taken to the main article. --><br />
[[File:NASA Deputy Administrator Tours Blue Origin.jpg|thumb|Bezos and [[Rob Meyerson]] (fifth from left) giving NASA Deputy Administrator [[Lori Garver]] (fourth from left) a tour of Blue Origin's crew capsule in 2011]]<br />
[[File:Secretary of Defense Ash Carter meets with Jeff Bezos, May 5, 2016 (1).jpg|thumb|U.S. Secretary of Defense [[Ash Carter]] meets with Bezos in 2016 at [[The Pentagon]]]]<br />
<br />
In September 2000, Bezos founded Blue Origin, a [[human spaceflight]] [[startup]].<ref name="msnbc2007-01-03">{{cite web|last=Boyle|first=Alan|title=Blue Origin Revealed|url=http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/01/03/26062.aspx|publisher=[[MSNBC]]|date=December 9, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223032428/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/01/03/26062.aspx|archive-date=December 23, 2009}}</ref> Bezos has long expressed an interest in space travel and the development of human life in the Solar System.<ref name="st20120331" /> He was the [[valedictorian]] when he graduated from high school in 1982. His speech was followed up with a ''[[Miami Herald]]'' interview in which he expressed an interest to build and develop hotels, amusement parks, and colonies for human beings who were in orbit.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/21548487|title=Taking the long view|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=March 3, 2012|access-date=April 29, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114118/https://www.economist.com/node/21548487|archive-date=April 30, 2018}}</ref> The 18-year-old Bezos stated that he wanted to preserve Earth from overuse through [[resource depletion]].<ref name=Whoriskey>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/for-bezos-the-post-represents-new-frontier/2013/08/10/ba7cfeb6-013c-11e3-9a3e-916de805f65d_story.html|title=For Jeff Bezos, a new frontier|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=August 12, 2013|last=Whoriskey|first=Peter|access-date=February 20, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916053753/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/for-bezos-the-post-represents-new-frontier/2013/08/10/ba7cfeb6-013c-11e3-9a3e-916de805f65d_story.html|archive-date=September 16, 2017}}</ref> [[Rob Meyerson]] led Blue Origin from 2003 to 2017 and served as its first president.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 8, 2018|title=Former Blue Origin president Rob Meyerson leaves Jeff Bezos' space venture|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/veteran-aerospace-engineer-rob-meyerson-leaves-jeff-bezos-blue-origin-space-venture/|access-date=April 9, 2021|website=GeekWire|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
After its founding, Blue Origin maintained a low profile until 2006 when it purchased a large tract of land in [[West Texas]] for a launch and test facility.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116312683235519444|title=Buzz in West Texas is about Jeff Bezos space craft launch site|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=November 10, 2006|last=Mangalindan|first=Mylene|access-date=May 28, 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205053621/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116312683235519444|archive-date=February 5, 2015}}</ref> After the company gained the public's attention during the late 2000s, Bezos additionally indicated his interest in reducing the [[Human spaceflight|cost of space travel]] for humans while also increasing the safety of extraterrestrial travel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/11/ff_bezos/all/1|title=Jeff Bezos Owns the Web in More Ways Than You Think|magazine=Wired|date=November 13, 2011|last=Levy|first=Steven|access-date=December 9, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210145216/http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/11/ff_bezos/all/1|archive-date=December 10, 2011}}</ref> In September 2011, one of the company's unmanned prototype vehicles crashed during a short-hop test flight. Although the crash was viewed as a setback, news outlets noted how far the company went from its founding-to-date in advancing [[spaceflight]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21548487|title=Taking the long view: Jeff Bezos, the founder and chief executive of Amazon, owes much of his success to his ability to look beyond the short-term view of things|date=March 3, 2012|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=August 10, 2013|quote=''Mr Bezos's willingness to take a long-term view also explains his fascination with space travel, and his decision to found a secretive company called Blue Origin, one of several start-ups now building spacecraft with private funding.''|archive-date=August 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808064440/http://www.economist.com/node/21548487|url-status=live}}</ref> After the crash, Bezos has been superstitiously wearing his "lucky" Texas [[Cowboy boots]] to all rocket launches.<ref>{{Cite video |title=Fireside Chat with Jeff Bezos; Shah Rukh Khan, Zoya Akhtar; Amazon Prime Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJJB7eb-1u0 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/lJJB7eb-1u0| archive-date=September 16, 2021|time=34m10s |via=YouTube}}</ref> In May 2013, Bezos met with [[Richard Branson]], chairman of [[Virgin Galactic]], to discuss commercial spaceflight opportunities and strategies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/05/27/richard-branson-space-flight-jeff-bezos-elon-musk-amazon-spacex/2356245|title=Unplugged: Richard Branson's otherworldly space quest|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=May 27, 2013|last=Veverka|first=Mark|access-date=May 28, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527155653/http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/05/27/richard-branson-space-flight-jeff-bezos-elon-musk-amazon-spacex/2356245/|archive-date=May 27, 2013}}</ref> He has been compared to Branson and [[Elon Musk]] as all three are billionaires who prioritize spaceflight among their business interests.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/04/three-billionaires-are-racing-to-space--who-will-win- |title=Three Billionaires Are Racing to Space. Who Will Win? |last=Worrall |first=Simon |date=April 7, 2018 |work=National Geographic |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407184158/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/04/three-billionaires-are-racing-to-space--who-will-win-/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2015, Bezos announced that a new [[orbital launch vehicle]] was under development and would make its first flight in the late-2010s.<ref name="sn20150915">{{cite web |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |title=Bezos Not Concerned About Competition, Possible ULA Sale |url=http://spacenews.com/bezos-not-concerned-about-competition-possible-ula-sale |access-date=September 16, 2015 |website=Space News |date=September 15, 2015 |archive-date=December 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161218180647/http://spacenews.com/bezos-not-concerned-about-competition-possible-ula-sale/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in November, Blue Origin's [[New Shepard]] space vehicle successfully rocketed into space and reached its planned test altitude of 329,839 feet (100.5 kilometers) before executing a [[VTVL|vertical landing]] back at the launch site in West Texas. In 2016, Bezos allowed select journalists to visit, tour, and photograph his facility.<ref name="gw20160308">{{cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |url=http://www.geekwire.com/2016/jeff-bezos-lifts-curtain-blue-origin-rocket-factory-vision-space |title=Jeff Bezos lifts curtain on Blue Origin rocket factory, lays out grand plan for space travel that spans hundreds of years |website=[[GeekWire]] |date=March 8, 2016 |access-date=March 11, 2016 |archive-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101109/http://www.geekwire.com/2016/jeff-bezos-lifts-curtain-blue-origin-rocket-factory-vision-space/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He has repeatedly called for increased inter-space energy and industrial manufacturing to decrease the negative costs associated with [[Pollution|business-related pollution]].<ref name="ars20160310">{{cite web|last=Berger|first=Eric|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/03/jeff-bezos-says-he-wants-to-fly-into-space-as-soon-as-possible|title=Jeff Bezos says he wants to fly into space 'as soon as possible'|website=[[Ars Technica]]|date=March 10, 2016|access-date=March 11, 2016|quote=Bezos: ''I want to change the whole cost structure of accessing space.''|archive-date=March 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310202956/http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/03/jeff-bezos-says-he-wants-to-fly-into-space-as-soon-as-possible/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In December 2017, New Shepard successfully flew and landed [[Crash test dummy|dummy passengers]], amending and pushing its human space travel start date into late 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.space.com/39111-blue-origin-mannequin-skywalker-dummy-launch.html |title=Later, Vader! Watch Blue Origin Fly 'Mannequin Skywalker' to Space and Back |last=Malik |first=Tariq |work=Space.com |access-date=April 4, 2018 |archive-date=April 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405214436/https://www.space.com/39111-blue-origin-mannequin-skywalker-dummy-launch.html |url-status=live }}</ref> To execute this program, Blue Origin built six of the vehicles to support all phases of testing and operations: no-passenger test flights, flights with test passengers, and commercial-passenger weekly operations.<ref name="sn20160308">{{cite web|url=http://spacenews.com/blue-origin-plans-growth-spurt-this-year|title=Blue Origin plans growth spurt this year|last=Foust|first=Jeff|date=March 8, 2016|website=[[SpaceNews (publication)|SpaceNews]]|access-date=March 11, 2016}}</ref> Since 2016, Bezos has spoken more freely about his hopes to [[Extraterrestrial life|colonize the solar system]], and has been selling US$1 billion in Amazon stock each year to capitalize Blue Origin in an effort to support this endeavor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/05/science/blue-origin-rocket-jeff-bezos-amazon-stock.html|title=Jeff Bezos Says He Is Selling $1 Billion a Year in Amazon Stock to Finance Race to Space|last=St. Fluer|first=Nicholas|date=April 5, 2017|access-date=April 8, 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|archive-date=April 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408021704/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/05/science/blue-origin-rocket-jeff-bezos-amazon-stock.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/29279/20160927/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-colonize-solar-system.htm|title=Jeff Bezos: Blue Origin Wants to Colonize the Solar System|last=Ayque|first=Jamie|date=September 27, 2016|access-date=September 27, 2016|archive-date=September 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928164651/http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/29279/20160927/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-colonize-solar-system.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2018, Bezos maintained that the primary goal of Blue Origin is to preserve the [[Natural resource|natural resources of Earth]] by making the human species [[Extraterrestrial life|multi-planetary]].<ref name=Boyle>{{cite news|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/jeff-bezos-isdc-space-vision|title=Jeff Bezos: 'We will have to leave this planet ... and it's going to make this planet better'|last=Boyle|first=Alan|date=May 29, 2018|work=GeekWire|access-date=May 31, 2018|archive-date=May 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529170353/https://www.geekwire.com/2018/jeff-bezos-isdc-space-vision/|url-status=live}}</ref> He announced that ''New Shepard'' would begin transporting humans into [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|sub-orbital space]] by November 2018.<ref name=Boyle /> In July 2018, it was announced that Bezos had priced commercial spaceflight tickets from $200,000 to $300,000 per person.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-blueorigin-exclusive/exclusive-jeff-bezos-plans-to-charge-at-least-200000-for-space-rides-sources-idUSKBN1K301R|title=Exclusive: Jeff Bezos plans to charge at least $200,000 for space...|last=Johnson |first=Eric M.|date=July 16, 2018|work=Reuters|access-date=July 18, 2018|archive-date=July 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717235741/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-blueorigin-exclusive/exclusive-jeff-bezos-plans-to-charge-at-least-200000-for-space-rides-sources-idUSKBN1K301R|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On July 20, 2021, he launched on the [[NS-16]] mission with his brother Mark Bezos, [[Wally Funk]], and [[Oliver Daemen]]. He launched nine days after [[Richard Branson]] launched onboard The [[Virgin Galactic Unity 22]] mission.<br />
<br />
=== ''The Washington Post'' ===<br />
{{See also|The Washington Post}}<br />
On August 5, 2013, Bezos announced his purchase of ''The Washington Post'' for $250&nbsp;million in cash,<ref>{{cite news|last=Farhi|first=Paul|title=Washington Post to be sold to Jeff Bezos |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/washington-post-to-be-sold-to-jeff-bezos/2013/08/05/ca537c9e-fe0c-11e2-9711-3708310f6f4d_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=August 5, 2013|date=August 6, 2013|archive-date=January 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101175929/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/washington-post-to-be-sold-to-jeff-bezos/2013/08/05/ca537c9e-fe0c-11e2-9711-3708310f6f4d_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> at the suggestion of his friend, [[Donald E. Graham|Don Graham]].<ref>{{Cite video |title=Jeff Bezos at the Economic Club of Washington |date=September 14, 2018 |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=xv_vkA0jsyo | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/xv_vkA0jsyo| archive-date=September 16, 2021|time=13m |via=YouTube}}</ref> To execute the sale, he established [[limited liability company]] '''<!-- Nash Holdings is a re-direct to this section. -->Nash Holdings''' to serve as a [[holding company]] through which he would own the newspaper.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/08/06/jeff-bezos-is-buying-the-washington-post-heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-sale|title=Jeff Bezos is buying The Washington Post. Here's what you need to know about the sale.|last=Matthews|first=Dylan|date=August 8, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=March 11, 2018|archive-date=March 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311140725/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/08/06/jeff-bezos-is-buying-the-washington-post-heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-sale/|url-status=live}}</ref> The sale closed on October 1, 2013, and Nash Holdings took control.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/washington-post-closes-sale-to-amazon-founder-jeff-bezos/2013/10/01/fca3b16a-2acf-11e3-97a3-ff2758228523_story.html|title=The Washington Post closes sale to Amazon founder Jeff Bezos|last=Farhi|first=Paul|date=October 1, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=March 31, 2014|archive-date=May 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528092936/http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/washington-post-closes-sale-to-amazon-founder-jeff-bezos/2013/10/01/fca3b16a-2acf-11e3-97a3-ff2758228523_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2014, Bezos made his first significant change at ''The Washington Post'' and lifted the online paywall for subscribers of a number of U.S. local newspapers in [[Texas]], Hawaii, and [[Minnesota]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Luckerson|first=Victor|title=Jeff Bezos Makes His First Major Move at the Washington Post|url=http://time.com/30243/jeff-bezos-makes-his-first-major-move-at-the-washington-post|access-date=February 20, 2016|magazine=Time|date=March 19, 2014|archive-date=February 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207013940/http://time.com/30243/jeff-bezos-makes-his-first-major-move-at-the-washington-post/|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2016, Bezos set out to reinvent the newspaper as a media and technology company by reconstructing its digital media, mobile platforms, and analytics software.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/40495770/the-washington-post-is-a-software-company-now|title=The Washington Post Is a Software Company Now|last=McCrakken|first=Harry|date=November 17, 2017|magazine=Fast Company|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135709/https://www.fastcompany.com/40495770/the-washington-post-is-a-software-company-now|url-status=live}}</ref> Throughout the early years of ownership, Bezos was accused of having a potential [[conflict of interest]] with the paper.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/business/expecting-the-unexpected-from-jeff-bezos.html|title=Expecting the Unexpected From Jeff Bezos|last1=Streitfeld|first1=David|date=August 17, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=March 9, 2018|last2=Haughney|first2=Christine|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203080004/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/business/expecting-the-unexpected-from-jeff-bezos.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos and the newspaper's [[editorial board]] have dismissed accusations that he unfairly controlled the paper's content and Bezos maintains the paper's independence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=209584962|title=Washington Post' May Find Conflicts in Amazon Coverage|last=Block|first=Melissa|publisher=NPR|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135543/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=209584962|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Fortune">{{cite web |url= http://fortune.com/2017/10/27/amazon-jeff-bezos-washington-post|title=How Jeff Bezos Reacts to 'Negative' Amazon Articles in the Washington Post|last= Wieczner|first=Jen|work=Fortune|access-date=March 9, 2018| archive-date=March 1, 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301153000/http://fortune.com/2017/10/27/amazon-jeff-bezos-washington-post/|url-status=live}}</ref> After a surge in online readership in 2016, the paper was profitable for the first time since Bezos made the purchase in 2013.<ref name="Fortune" /><br />
<br />
=== Bezos Expeditions ===<br />
{{Main|Bezos Expeditions}}<br />
Bezos makes personal investments through his [[venture capital]] vehicle, Bezos Expeditions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/29/inside-jeff-bezos-80-billion-empire.html|title=Inside Jeff Bezos' $80&nbsp;billion empire|last=Hess|first=Abigail|date=August 29, 2017|publisher=CNBC|access-date= September 13, 2017|archive-date=September 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913183250/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/29/inside-jeff-bezos-80-billion-empire.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was one of the first [[investor|shareholders]] in Google, when he invested $250,000 in 1998. That $250,000 investment resulted in 3.3&nbsp;million shares of Google stock, worth about $3.1&nbsp;billion in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.growthink.com/content/story-jeff-bezos%E2%80%99-250000-investment-google-1998|title=The Story of Jeff Bezos' $250,000 Investment into Google in 1998|last=Turo|first=Jay|website=Growthink|access-date= February 28, 2017|archive-date=March 5, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170305002724/http://www.growthink.com/content/story-jeff-bezos%E2%80%99-250000-investment-google-1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allthingsd.com/20091005/new-yorker-bezos-initial-google-investment-was-250000-in-1998-because-i-just-fell-in-love-with-larry-and-sergey|title=New Yorker: Bezos' Initial Google Investment Was $250K in 1998 Because 'I Just Fell in Love with Larry and Sergey'|last=Swisher|first=Kara|year=2009|website=All Things D|access-date=February 28, 2017|archive-date=March 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317215509/http://allthingsd.com/20091005/new-yorker-bezos-initial-google-investment-was-250000-in-1998-because-i-just-fell-in-love-with-larry-and-sergey/|url-status=live}}</ref> He also invested in [[Unity Biotechnology]], a life-extension research firm hoping to slow or stop the process of aging.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/31/google-co-founders-and-silicon-valley-billionaires-try-to-live-forever.html|title=Google's co-founders and other Silicon Valley billionaires are trying to live forever|last=Bloom|first=Ester|date=March 31, 2017|publisher=CNBC|access-date=June 29, 2017|archive-date=July 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704231656/http://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/31/google-co-founders-and-silicon-valley-billionaires-try-to-live-forever.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos is involved in the healthcare sector, which includes investments in Unity Biotechnology, [[GRAIL (company)|GRAIL]], [[Juno Therapeutics]], and [[Zocdoc]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/03/bezos-health-investments-reveal-strategy.html|title=We can learn a lot about Jeff Bezos' health strategy by looking at his investments|last1=Farr|first1=Christina|date=February 3, 2018|access-date=February 4, 2018|publisher=CNBC|archive-date=February 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203224219/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/03/bezos-health-investments-reveal-strategy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2018, an announcement was made concerning Bezos's role within a new, unnamed healthcare company. This venture, later named [[Haven (healthcare)|Haven]], is expected to be a partnership between Amazon, [[JPMorgan Chase|JPMorgan]], and [[Berkshire Hathaway]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://fortune.com/2018/01/31/jeff-bezos-amazon-health-care|title=Why Jeff Bezos Might Be the One to Crack the Health Care Challenge|last1=Lashinsky|first1=Adam|date=January 31, 2018|access-date=February 4, 2018|work=Fortune|archive-date=February 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204185148/http://fortune.com/2018/01/31/jeff-bezos-amazon-health-care/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/30/technology/amazon-berkshire-hathaway-jpmorgan-health-care.html|title=Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Team Up to Try to Disrupt Health Care|last1=Wingfield|first1=Nick|date=January 30, 2018|access-date=February 4, 2018|newspaper=The New York Times|last2=Thomas|first2=Katie|last3=Abelson|first3=Reed|archive-date=February 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203171550/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/30/technology/amazon-berkshire-hathaway-jpmorgan-health-care.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bezos also supports philanthropic efforts through direct donations and non-profit projects funded by Bezos Expeditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/15/technology/jeff-bezos-amazon-twitter-charity.html|title=Jeff Bezos Wants Ideas for Philanthropy, So He Asked Twitter| last=Wingfield|first=Nick|date=June 15, 2017|work= The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date= March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054222/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/15/technology/jeff-bezos-amazon-twitter-charity.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos used Bezos Expeditions to fund several philanthropic projects, including an Innovation center at the Seattle Museum of History and Industry and the Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics at [[Princeton Neuroscience Institute]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/billionaire-bezos-adds-to-eclectic-interests/|title=Billionaire Bezos adds to eclectic interests|last=Martinez|first=Amy|date=August 5, 2013|website=The Seattle Times|access-date=April 2, 2019|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402165909/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/billionaire-bezos-adds-to-eclectic-interests/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohai.org/press-media/press-releases/item/2612-jeff-and-mackenzie-bezos-flip-the-switch-on-new-bezos-center-for-innovation-at-mohai-kicking-off-saturday-launch-celebration|title=Jeff and MacKenzie Bezos Flip the Switch on New Bezos Center for Innovation at MOHAI, Kicking Off Saturday Launch Celebration|website=mohai.org|access-date=December 31, 2017|archive-date=August 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817213203/http://www.mohai.org/press-media/press-releases/item/2612-jeff-and-mackenzie-bezos-flip-the-switch-on-new-bezos-center-for-innovation-at-mohai-kicking-off-saturday-launch-celebration|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, Bezos Expeditions funded the recovery of two [[Saturn V]] first-stage [[Rocketdyne F-1]] engines from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/03/the-engines-that-propelled-us-into-space-recovered-from-the-ocean-floor/274204/|title=The Engines That Propelled Us into Space, Recovered From the Ocean Floor|last=Garber|first=Megan|date=March 20, 2013|website=The Atlantic|access-date=April 2, 2019|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402165908/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/03/the-engines-that-propelled-us-into-space-recovered-from-the-ocean-floor/274204/|url-status=live}}</ref> They were positively identified as belonging to the [[Apollo 11]] mission's [[S-1C|S-1C stage]] from July 1969.<ref name="Apollo 11 F1 Engines Found">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/22044-apollo-rocket-engines-bezos.html|title=Rocket Engine Part Recovered by Amazon CEO Has Apollo 11 History|last=Pearlman|first=Robert Z.|date=July 19, 2013|location=New York|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724005810/http://www.space.com/22044-apollo-rocket-engines-bezos.html|archive-date=July 24, 2013|access-date=August 10, 2013|newspaper=Space.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.pcmag.com/news/309462/bezos-salvage-team-plucks-apollo-rocket-engines-from-atlanti|title=Bezos Salvage Team Plucks Apollo Rocket Engines from Atlantic|last=Poeter|first=Damon|website=PC Magazine|access-date=April 2, 2019|date=March 20, 2013|archive-date= April 2, 2019| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190402165911/https://www.pcmag.com/news/309462/bezos-salvage-team-plucks-apollo-rocket-engines-from-atlanti|url-status=live}}</ref> The engines are currently on display at the [[Museum of Flight|Seattle Museum of Flight]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.museumofflight.org/Exhibits/apollo-f-1-engine-preview|title=Apollo F-1 Engine Preview {{!}} The Museum of Flight|website=museumofflight.org|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-date=April 4, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404200740/http://www.museumofflight.org/Exhibits/apollo-f-1-engine-preview|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2019/apollo-11-moon-landing-anniversary-nears-space-fans-get-ready-celebrate/|title=As Apollo 11 moon landing anniversary nears, space fans get ready to celebrate|date=March 16, 2019|website=GeekWire|access-date=April 2, 2019|archive-date= April 2, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190402180300/https://www.geekwire.com/2019/apollo-11-moon-landing-anniversary-nears-space-fans-get-ready-celebrate/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Altos Labs ===<br />
{{Main|Altos Labs}}<br />
In September 2021, Bezos co-founded Altos Labs with [[Mail.ru]] founder [[Yuri Milner]]. Altos Labs is a generously funded biotechnology company dedicated to harnessing [[Induced pluripotent stem cells|cellular reprogramming]] to develop [[Life extension|longevity therapeutics]].<ref name="Regalado2021">{{cite news |last1=Regalado |first1=Antonio |title=Meet Altos Labs, Silicon Valley's latest wild bet on living forever |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/09/04/1034364/altos-labs-silicon-valleys-jeff-bezos-milner-bet-living-forever/ |date=September 4, 2021 |work=[[MIT Technology Review]] |access-date=September 18, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210905014902/https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/09/04/1034364/altos-labs-silicon-valleys-jeff-bezos-milner-bet-living-forever/ |archive-date=September 5, 2021 }}</ref> The company has recruited prominent scientists such as [[Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte|Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte]] (known for work on rejuvenation through reprogramming), [[Steve Horvath]] (known for work in [[epigenetic clock|epigenetic aging clocks]]), and [[Shinya Yamanaka]] (the [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]]-winning inventor of cellular reprogramming in mammalian cells).<ref name="Regalado2021" /><br />
<br />
The company left [[stealth mode]] and launched on January 19, 2022, with a start capital of $3 billion and an executive team led by [[Hal Barron]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Philippidis|first=Alex|date=January 19, 2022|title=Altos Labs Launches with $3B and a Focus on Reversing Disease, Aging|url=https://www.genengnews.com/aging/altos-labs-launches-with-3b-and-a-focus-on-reversing-disease-aging/|access-date=January 23, 2022|website=Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Public image ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Naturalization Ceremony (27590969882).jpg|thumb|Bezos at a [[naturalization]] ceremony on June 14, 2016]]<br />
Journalist [[Nellie Bowles]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' has described the [[Persona|public persona]] and personality of Bezos as that of "a brilliant but mysterious and coldblooded corporate titan".<ref name="Wingfield 2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/technology/jeff-bezos-amazon.html|title=Jeff Bezos, Mr. Amazon.com, Steps Out|last1=Wingfield|first1=Nick|year=2018|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=March 9, 2018|last2=Bowles|first2=Nellie|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308061444/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/technology/jeff-bezos-amazon.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During the 1990s, Bezos earned a reputation for relentlessly pushing Amazon forward, often at the expense of [[Charitable organization|public charity]] and social welfare.<ref name="Wingfield 2018" /><ref name="Kakutani">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/29/books/the-everything-store-jeff-bezos-and-the-age-of-amazon.html|title=The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon|last=Kakutani|first=Michiko|date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=March 9, 2018|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=May 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529205120/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/29/books/the-everything-store-jeff-bezos-and-the-age-of-amazon.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Journalist Mark O'Connell criticized Bezos' relentless customer focus as "very small" in terms of impact on humanity as a whole,<ref>{{Cite news |title='A managerial Mephistopheles': Inside the mind of Jeff Bezos |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/feb/03/jeff-bezos-and-the-world-amazon-made |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210204150033/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/feb/03/jeff-bezos-and-the-world-amazon-made |date=February 4, 2021 |access-date=February 10, 2021 |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]] |last1=O'Connell |first=Mark |url-status=live }}</ref> a sentiment technologist [[Tim O'Reilly]] agreed with.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Tale of Two Platforms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210426084743/https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tale-two-platforms-tim-o-reilly/ |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tale-two-platforms-tim-o-reilly/ |date=April 13, 2021 |last1=O'Reilly |first1=Tim |website=linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> His business practices projected a public image of [[prudence]] and parsimony with his own wealth and that of Amazon. Bezos was a multi-billionaire who drove a 1996 [[Honda Accord]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2013/biz/news/amazon-uses-60-minutes-to-unveil-automated-delivery-drones-1200907633|title=Amazon Uses '60 Minutes' To Unveil Automated Delivery Drones|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=February 12, 2012|work=Variety|access-date=March 10, 2018|archive-date=March 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311081243/http://variety.com/2013/biz/news/amazon-uses-60-minutes-to-unveil-automated-delivery-drones-1200907633/|url-status=live}}</ref> Throughout the early 2000s, he was perceived to be geeky or nerdy.<ref name="fastcompany.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/50541/inside-mind-jeff-bezos-4|title=Inside the Mind of Jeff Bezos|last=Deutschman|first=Alan|date=August 1, 2004|magazine=Fast Company|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=February 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211555/https://www.fastcompany.com/50541/inside-mind-jeff-bezos-4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxnrDQAAQBAJ|title=Geektionary: From Anime to Zettabyte, An A to Z Guide to All Things Geek|last1=Bergman|first1=Gregory|last2=Lambert|first2=Josh|year=2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4405-1188-2|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803160251/https://books.google.com/books?id=MxnrDQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bryan">{{cite web|url=https://mashable.com/2017/10/20/jeff-bezos-old-photos|title=If Jeff Bezos really wanted to rule the world, he'd pose for corny photos like he used to|last=Bryan|first=Chloe|work=Mashable|date=October 20, 2017|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010128/https://mashable.com/2017/10/20/jeff-bezos-old-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bezos was seen by some as needlessly quantitative and data-driven.<ref name=Anderson>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/retailwire/2013/10/22/is-jeff-bezos-a-horrible-boss-and-is-that-good|title=Is Jeff Bezos a Horrible Boss and Is That Good?|last=Anderson|first=George|magazine=Forbes|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180309183508/https://www.forbes.com/sites/retailwire/2013/10/22/is-jeff-bezos-a-horrible-boss-and-is-that-good/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/why-trump-went-after-bezos-two-billionaires-across-a-cultural-divide/2018/04/05/22bb94c2-3763-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html|title=Why Trump went after Bezos: Two billionaires across a cultural divide|last=Fisher|first=Marc|date=April 4, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-date=April 5, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180405223910/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/why-trump-went-after-bezos-two-billionaires-across-a-cultural-divide/2018/04/05/22bb94c2-3763-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This perception was detailed by Alan Deutschman, who described him as "talking in lists" and "[enumerating] the criteria, in order of importance, for every decision he has made."<ref name="fastcompany.com" /> Select accounts of his persona have drawn controversy and public attention. Notably, journalist Brad Stone wrote [[The Everything Store|a book]] that described Bezos as a demanding boss as well as [[Competition (companies)|hyper-competitive]],<ref name="Kakutani" /><ref name=Anderson /> and opined that Bezos perhaps "bet the biggest on the Internet" than anyone else.<ref>{{Cite video |title= The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon, Brad Stone, Talks at Google |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVZpqCkA00g | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/vVZpqCkA00g| archive-date=September 16, 2021|access-date=February 9, 2021 |date=October 31, 2013 |via=YouTube |time=16m43s}}</ref> Bezos has been characterized as a notoriously opportunistic CEO who operates with little concern for obstacles and [[Externality|externalities]].<ref name=Caine>{{cite web|url=https://www.inc.com/business-insider/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-leadership-management-style-work-culture.html|title=9 Shocking Anecdotes That Reveal Jeff Bezos's Cutthroat Management Style |last=Caine |first=Aine |date=November 14, 2017|work=Inc.com|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=January 14, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190114072023/https://www.inc.com/business-insider/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-leadership-management-style-work-culture.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/amazon-jeff-bezos-prime |title=How Jeff Bezos Became a Power Beyond Amazon|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam|work=Fortune|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010214/http://fortune.com/amazon-jeff-bezos-prime/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the early 2010s, Bezos solidified his reputation for aggressive business practices, and his public image began to shift. Bezos started to wear [[Tailor|tailored clothing]]; he [[Weight training|weight trained]], pursued a regimented diet and began to freely spend his money.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/selectall/2017/11/jeff-bezos-used-to-eat-a-lot-of-pillsbury-biscuits.html|title=Guess How Many Pillsbury Biscuits Jeff Bezos Used to Eat Daily|last=Kircher|first=Madison Malone|work=Select All|date=November 16, 2017|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309190006/http://nymag.com/selectall/2017/11/jeff-bezos-used-to-eat-a-lot-of-pillsbury-biscuits.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His physical transformation has been compared to the transformation of Amazon; he is often referred to as the [[metonym]] of the company.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/40525448/how-amazon-got-swole-just-like-ceo-jeff-bezos|title=How Amazon Got Swole Just Like CEO Jeff Bezos|last=Lidsky|first=David|date=February 27, 2018|magazine=Fast Company|access-date=March 7, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308041753/https://www.fastcompany.com/40525448/how-amazon-got-swole-just-like-ceo-jeff-bezos|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{cite news|url=https://www.mensfitness.com/life/entertainment/jeff-bezos-man-who-turned-amazon-empire|title=Jeff Bezos: The man who turned Amazon into an empire|magazine=[[Men's Fitness]]|access-date=March 7, 2018|archive-date=October 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027153817/https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/jeff-bezos-man-who-turned-amazon-empire/|url-status=live}}</ref> His physical appearance increased the public's perception of him as a symbolically dominant figure in business and in popular culture, wherein he has been [[Parody|parodied]] as an enterprising [[supervillain]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-stuns-everyone-with-his-new-macho-look-twitter-users-go-crazy-compare-him-with-the-rock-vin-diesel/764306|title=Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos stuns everyone with his macho look, Twitter users compare him with The Rock, Vin&nbsp;Diesel|date=July 15, 2017|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310075524/http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-stuns-everyone-with-his-new-macho-look-twitter-users-go-crazy-compare-him-with-the-rock-vin-diesel/764306/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/jeff-bezoss-latest-sideline-has-lots-of-people-comparing-him-to-a-comic-book-supervillain-2018-02-20|title=Jeff Bezos's latest sideline has lots of people comparing him to a comic-book supervillain|website=[[MarketWatch]]|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310100959/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/jeff-bezoss-latest-sideline-has-lots-of-people-comparing-him-to-a-comic-book-supervillain-2018-02-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dealbreaker.com/2018/02/jeff-bezos-who-is-not-a-super-villain-is-building-a-giant-clock-inside-a-mountain-because-hes-not-a-super-villain|title=Jeff Bezos, Who Is Not A Super-Villain, Is Building A Giant Clock Inside A Mountain, Because He's NOT A Super-Villain|last=McEnery|first=Thornton|work=Dealbreaker|access-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref> Since 2017, he has been portrayed by [[Kyle Mooney]] and [[Steve Carell]] on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', usually as an undercutting, domineering figure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2018/11/18/snl-bald-steve-carell-plays-jeff-bezos-wont-stop-trolling-trump/|title=On SNL, a bald Steve Carell plays Jeff Bezos – and won't stop trolling Trump|last=Wang|first=Amy|date=November 18, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=November 19, 2018|archive-date=November 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118213638/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2018/11/18/snl-bald-steve-carell-plays-jeff-bezos-wont-stop-trolling-trump/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2021|reason=Washington Post is owned by Jeff Bezos}} In May 2014, the [[International Trade Union Confederation]] named Bezos the "World's Worst Boss", with its general secretary [[Sharan Burrow]] saying: "Jeff Bezos represents the inhumanity of employers who are promoting the North American corporate model",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ituc-csi.org/amazon-s-jeff-bezos-wins-ituc-s|title=Amazon's Jeff Bezos Wins ITUC's World's Worst Boss Poll|publisher=[[International Trade Union Confederation]]|date=May 22, 2014|access-date=October 27, 2015|archive-date=October 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001113453/http://www.ituc-csi.org/amazon-s-jeff-bezos-wins-ituc-s|url-status=live}}</ref> while in 2019, [[Harvard Business Review]], which ranked Bezos the best-performing CEO for 4 years in a row since 2014, did not rank him even in the top 100 citing Amazon's "relatively low ESG ([[Corporate environmental responsibility|environment]], [[Corporate social responsibility|social]], and [[Corporate governance|governance]]) scores" that reflect "risks created by [[Occupational stress|working conditions]] and employment policies, [[data security]], and [[antitrust]] issues."{{r|hbrbest}}<br />
<br />
During the late 2010s, Bezos reversed his reputation for being reluctant to spend money on non-business-related expenses.<ref name=Frank /> His relative lack of philanthropy compared to other billionaires has drawn a negative response from the public since 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-31/for-bezos-now-world-s-richest-philanthropy-is-saved-for-later|title=For Bezos, Now World's Richest, Philanthropy Is 'Saved for Later'|last=Bass|first=Diane|work=Bloomberg News|date=October 31, 2017|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309120442/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-31/for-bezos-now-world-s-richest-philanthropy-is-saved-for-later|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Frank /> Bezos has been known to publicly contest claims made in critical articles, as exemplified in 2015 when he sent a memo to employees denouncing a ''New York Times'' piece.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/10/amazon-responds-new-york-times/411232/|title=Amazon launches a scathing response to Times story|first=Krishnadev|last=Calamur|magazine=The Atlantic|date=October 19, 2015|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915123231/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/10/amazon-responds-new-york-times/411232/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/08/17/432555175/jeff-bezos-responds-to-new-york-times-report-on-amazons-workplace|title=Jeff Bezos responds to 'New York Times' report on Amazon's workplace|publisher=NPR|date=August 17, 2015|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915001739/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/08/17/432555175/jeff-bezos-responds-to-new-york-times-report-on-amazons-workplace|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Leadership style ===<br />
{{quote box<br />
| title = <span style="font-size:90%">"Day 1" Management Philosophy</span><br />
| quote = Day 1: [[Startup company|start up]]<br />Day 2: [[Punctuated equilibrium|stasis]]<br />Day 3: [[Relative market share|irrelevance]]<br />Day 4: "excruciating, painful decline"<br />Day 5: [[Bankruptcy|death]]<br />
| source = Bezos has stated "it is always Day 1" to describe his [[Mindset|growth mindset]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.recode.net/2017/4/12/15274220/jeff-bezos-amazon-shareholders-letter-day-2-disagree-and-commit|title=This is the Jeff Bezos playbook for preventing Amazon's demise|last=Del Ray|first=Jason|date=April 12, 2017|work=Recode|access-date=April 22, 2018|archive-date=April 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420151228/https://www.recode.net/2017/4/12/15274220/jeff-bezos-amazon-shareholders-letter-day-2-disagree-and-commit |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/amazons-bezos-could-teach-large-companies-a-thing-or-two-about-strategy-2017-04-20|title=Amazon's Bezos could teach large companies a thing or two about strategy|last=Atsmon|first=Yuval|date=April 22, 2017|website=MarketWatch|access-date=April 22, 2018|archive-date=April 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423034019/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/amazons-bezos-could-teach-large-companies-a-thing-or-two-about-strategy-2017-04-20|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| align = right<br />
| width = 20em<br />
| bgcolor = #CCDDFF<br />
| qalign = left<br />
| salign = left<br />
}}Bezos used what he called a "regret-minimization framework" while he worked at [[D. E. Shaw & Co.|D.&nbsp;E. Shaw]] and again during the early years of Amazon. He described this [[Lebensphilosophie|life philosophy]] by stating: "When I'm 80, am I going to regret leaving Wall Street? No. Will I regret missing the beginning of the Internet? Yes."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/1999/03/bezos-3|title=The Inner Bezos|last=Bayers|first=Chip|magazine=Wired|access-date=March 7, 2018|archive-date=March 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320200110/https://www.wired.com/1999/03/bezos-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> During the 1990s and early 2000s at Amazon, he was characterized as trying to quantify all aspects of running the company, often listing employees on spreadsheets and basing executive decisions on data.<ref name="Inside the Mind of Jeff Bezos" /> To push Amazon forward, Bezos developed the [[mantra]] "Get Big Fast", establishing the company's need to [[Economies of scale|scale]] its operations to produce market dominance.<ref name="Amazon.com {{!}} History & Facts" /> He favored diverting Amazon profits back into the company in lieu of allocating it amongst shareholders in the form of [[dividend]]s.<ref name="fastcompany.com" /><br />
<br />
Bezos uses the term "work–life harmony" instead of the more standard "[[work–life balance]]" because he believes that ''balance'' implies that you can only have one and not the other. He believes that work and home life are interconnected, informing and calibrating each other.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/05/jeff-bezos-guide-to-life|title=Jeff Bezos' guide to&nbsp;life|newspaper=[[TechCrunch]]|last=Constine|first=Josh|access-date=March 7, 2018}}</ref> Journalist [[Walt Mossberg]] dubbed the idea that someone who cannot tolerate criticism or critique shouldn't do anything new or interesting "[[q:Jeff Bezos|The Bezos Principle]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boingboing.net/2016/06/01/what-amazons-jeff-bezos-thin.html|title=What Amazon's Jeff Bezos thinks about Peter Thiel and Hulk Hogan vs. Gawker|website=[[Boing Boing]]|date=June 2, 2016|last=Mossberg|first=Walt|access-date=April 22, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423102143/https://boingboing.net/2016/06/01/what-amazons-jeff-bezos-thin.html|archive-date=April 23, 2018}}</ref> Bezos does not schedule early morning meetings and enforces a two-pizza rule—a preference that meetings are small enough for two [[pizza]]s to feed everyone in the board room.<ref name="businessinsider.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-daily-routine-2017-7?op=0#when-he-does-call-a-meeting-bezos-employs-a-two-pizza-rule-he-never-organizes-a-meeting-where-two-pizzas-couldnt-feed-the-entire-group-5|title=A day in the life of the richest person in history, Jeff Bezos – who made $6.44&nbsp;billion in one day and still washes the dishes after dinner|last=Caine|first=Aline|work=Business Insider|access-date=March 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308042243/http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-daily-routine-2017-7?op=0#when-he-does-call-a-meeting-bezos-employs-a-two-pizza-rule-he-never-organizes-a-meeting-where-two-pizzas-couldnt-feed-the-entire-group-5|archive-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> When interviewing candidates for jobs at Amazon he has stated he considers three inquiries: can he admire the person, can the person raise the [[Status quo|common standard]], and under what circumstances could the person become exemplary.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/01/jeff-bezos-questions-amazon-used-to-hire-employees.html|title=This is Jeff Bezos' 3-question test for new Amazon employees|publisher=CNBC|date=August 1, 2018|last=Montag|first=Ali|access-date=August 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808043447/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/01/jeff-bezos-questions-amazon-used-to-hire-employees.html|archive-date=August 8, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
He meets with Amazon investors for a total of only six hours a year.<ref name="businessinsider.com" /> Instead of using [[presentation program|presentation slides]], Bezos requires high-level employees to present information with six-page narratives.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/technology/kevin-week-in-tech-bezos.html|title=Kevin's Week in Tech: Jeff Bezos Reminds Tech Who's Boss|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 20, 2018|last=Roose|first=Kevin|access-date=April 21, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420152313/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/technology/kevin-week-in-tech-bezos.html|archive-date=April 20, 2018}}</ref> Starting in 1998, Bezos publishes an annual letter for Amazon shareholders wherein he frequently refers to five principles: focus on customers not competitors, take risks for [[Market share|market leadership]], facilitate staff morale, build a [[Organizational culture|company culture]], and empower people.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/13/5-key-business-lessons-from-amazons-jeff-bezos.html|title=5 key business lessons from Amazon's Jeff Bezos|publisher=CNBC|date=January 12, 2017|first=Tim|last=Mullaney|access-date=March 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308042718/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/13/5-key-business-lessons-from-amazons-jeff-bezos.html|archive-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2017/04/14/data-sheet-be-like-jeff-bezos|title=What Makes Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos Such a Visionary Leader|work=Fortune|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam|access-date=March 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311064600/http://fortune.com/2017/04/14/data-sheet-be-like-jeff-bezos/|archive-date=March 11, 2018}}</ref> Bezos maintains the email address jeff@amazon.com<ref>{{cite news|title=Jeff Bezos keeps his Amazon email address public{{snd}}here's why|date=November 23, 2020|website=[[CNBC]] News| url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/23/jeff-bezos-keeps-his-amazon-email-address-public.html}}</ref> as an outlet for customers to reach out to him and the company. Although he does not respond to the emails, he forwards some of them with a question mark in the subject line to executives who attempt to address the issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/bezos-explains-his-dreaded-one-character-emails-2018-4|title=Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos explains his famous one-character emails, known to strike fear in manager's hearts|magazine=Business Insider|date=April 21, 2018|last=Bort|first=Julie|access-date=April 21, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421234437/http://www.businessinsider.com/bezos-explains-his-dreaded-one-character-emails-2018-4|archive-date=April 21, 2018}}</ref> Bezos has cited [[Jeff Immelt]] (of [[New Enterprise Associates]]),<ref name=hbrn14>{{Cite magazine |title=The Numbers in Jeff Bezos's Head |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141015143642/http://hbr.org/2014/11/the-best-performing-ceos-in-the-world/ar/1 |url=http://hbr.org/2014/11/the-best-performing-ceos-in-the-world/ar/1 |archive-date=October 15, 2014 |date=November 2014 |first1=Daniel |last1=McGinn |magazine=[[Harvard Business Review]] |access-date=February 11, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Warren Buffett]] (of [[Berkshire Hathaway]]), [[Jamie Dimon]] (of [[JPMorgan Chase]]), and [[Bob Iger]] (of [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney]]) as major influences on his leadership style.{{r|hbrn14}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bushcenter.org/takeover/sessions/forum-leadership/bezos-closing-conversation.html|title=Forum on Leadership: Conversation with Jeff Bezos|website=[[George Bush Center for Intelligence|Bush Center]]|date=April 20, 2018|last=Hersh|first=Kenneth|access-date=April 22, 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122141258/https://www.bushcenter.org/takeover/sessions/forum-leadership/bezos-closing-conversation.html|archive-date=January 22, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bezos is known for creating an adversarial environment at Amazon, as well as insulting and verbally abusing his employees. As journalist [[Brad Stone (journalist)|Brad Stone]] revealed in his book ''[[The Everything Store]]'', Bezos issued remarks to his employees such as "I'm sorry, did I take my stupid pills today?", "Are you lazy or just incompetent?", and "Why are you ruining my life?".<ref name=Caine /> Additionally, Bezos reportedly pitted Amazon teams against each other, and once declined to give Amazon employees city bus passes in order to discourage them from leaving the office.<ref name=Caine /><br />
<br />
== Recognition ==<br />
* In 1999, Bezos received his first major award when ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named him [[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,992927,00.html|title=Jeffrey Preston Bezos: 1999 Person of the year|magazine=Time|first=Joshua|last=Cooper Ramo|date=December 27, 1999|access-date=April 22, 2006|archive-date=August 18, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818122654/http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,992927,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* In 2008, he was selected by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' as one of America's best leaders.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/news/best-leaders/2008/11/19/americas-best-leaders-jeff-bezos-amazoncom-ceo.html|title=America's Best Leaders: Jeff Bezos, Amazon.com.com CEO|website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|first=David|last=LaGesse|date=November 19, 2008|access-date=November 25, 2008|archive-date=December 30, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230043922/http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/best-leaders/2008/11/19/americas-best-leaders-jeff-bezos-amazoncom-ceo.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* Bezos was awarded an honorary doctorate in science and technology from [[Carnegie Mellon University]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cmu.edu/news/archive/2008/April/april22_jeffbezos.shtml|title=April 22: Amazon.com Founder Jeff Bezos to Speak at Carnegie Mellon Business School and Computer Science Diploma Ceremonies|website=Carnegie Mellon University|access-date=March 6, 2018|archive-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420124641/https://www.cmu.edu/news/archive/2008/April/april22_jeffbezos.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* In 2011, ''[[The Economist]]'' gave Bezos and Gregg Zehr an Innovation Award for the [[Amazon Kindle]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economistconferences.co.uk/press-release/charging-ahead-e-book-design-and-popularity-win-kindle-creators-innovation-award/5908|title=Charging ahead: e-book design and popularity win Kindle creators Innovation Award|newspaper=The Economist|date=September 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414143656/http://www.economistconferences.co.uk/press-release/charging-ahead-e-book-design-and-popularity-win-kindle-creators-innovation-award/5908|archive-date=April 14, 2012}}</ref><br />
* In 2012, Bezos was named Businessperson of the Year by ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://management.fortune.cnn.com/2012/11/16/jeff-bezos-amazon|title=Amazon's Jeff Bezos: The ultimate disrupter|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam|website=Fortune|access-date=August 10, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809040922/http://management.fortune.cnn.com/2012/11/16/jeff-bezos-amazon|archive-date=August 9, 2013}}</ref><br />
* He is also a member of the [[Bilderberg Group]] and attended the 2011 Bilderberg conference in [[St. Moritz]], Switzerland,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants_2011.html|title=Bilderberg 2011 list of participants|publisher=BilderbergMeetings.org|access-date=August 24, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828210925/http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants_2011.html|archive-date=August 28, 2011}}</ref> and the [[2013 Bilderberg Conference|2013 conference]] in [[Watford]], Hertfordshire, England. He was a member of the executive committee of [[The Business Council]] for 2011 and 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebusinesscouncil.org/about/excommittee.aspx|title=Executive Committee|publisher=The Business Council|access-date=August 10, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721074619/http://www.thebusinesscouncil.org/about/excommittee.aspx|archive-date=July 21, 2013}}</ref><br />
* 2014–2018, he was ranked the best-performing CEO in the world by ''[[Harvard Business Review]]''.<ref name=hbrbest>{{cite magazine |url=https://hbr.org/2019/11/the-best-performing-ceos-in-the-world-2019 |title=The Best-Performing CEOs in the World, 2019 |newspaper=Harvard Business Review |date=November 2019 |access-date=February 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210210142359/https://hbr.org/2019/11/the-best-performing-ceos-in-the-world-2019 |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
* He has also figured in ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''{{'}}s list of 50 great leaders of the world for three straight years, topping the list in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2014/03/20/worlds-50-greatest-leaders|title=The World's 50 Greatest Leaders (2014)|work=Fortune|access-date=March 20, 2014|archive-date=February 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223233458/http://fortune.com/2014/03/20/worlds-50-greatest-leaders/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* In September 2016, Bezos received a $250,000 prize for winning the [[Heinlein Prize for Advances in Space Commercialization]], which he donated to the [[Students for the Exploration and Development of Space]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/09/15/jeff-bezos-on-nuclear-reactors-in-space-the-lack-of-bacon-on-mars-and-humanitys-destiny-in-the-solar-system |title=Jeff Bezos on nuclear reactors in space, the lack of bacon on Mars and humanity's destiny in the solar system |last=Davenport |first=Christian |date=September 15, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 16, 2016 |archive-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915230611/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/09/15/jeff-bezos-on-nuclear-reactors-in-space-the-lack-of-bacon-on-mars-and-humanitys-destiny-in-the-solar-system/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2021|reason=Washington Post belongs to Jeff Bezos}}<br />
* In February 2018, Bezos was elected to the [[National Academy of Engineering]] for "leadership and innovation in space exploration, autonomous systems, and building a commercial pathway for human space flight".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nae.edu/MediaRoom/20095/177353/178117.aspx|title=National Academy of Engineering Elects 83 Members and 16 Foreign Members|website=[[National Academy of Engineering]]|access-date=February 9, 2018|archive-date=February 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208123526/https://www.nae.edu/MediaRoom/20095/177353/178117.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* In March 2018, at the [[Explorers Club]] annual dinner, he was awarded the [[Buzz Aldrin]] Space Exploration Award in recognition of his work with Blue Origin.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}<br />
* He received Germany's 2018 Axel Springer Award for Business Innovation and Social Responsibility.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-responded-to-reports-on-amazon-warehouse-working-conditions-2018-4|title=Jeff Bezos responded to reports of poor working conditions at Amazon – here's what he said|last=Schwär|first=Hannah|date=April 26, 2018|work=Business Insider|access-date=April 26, 2018|archive-date=April 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427044518/http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-responded-to-reports-on-amazon-warehouse-working-conditions-2018-4|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named him one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] on five separate occasions between 2008 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217562/jeff-bezos-3|title=Jeff Bezos: The World's 100 Most Influential People|last=Dimon|first=Jamie|date=April 26, 2018|magazine=Time|access-date=April 26, 2018|archive-date=April 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426013225/http://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217562/jeff-bezos-3/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Wealth ==<br />
<!-- Any meaningful changes to this section require editor consensus; see Talk:Jeff Bezos FAQ #Q2. --><!-- Do not change table with estimates of his net worth. See Talk:Jeff Bezos FAQ #Q2 and Talk:Jeff Bezos/Archive 2, item 7. --><br />
{| class="wikitable" align="right"<br />
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |Annual estimates of Jeff Bezos's [[net worth]]{{efn|All currency figures expressed in the United States dollar (US$) in [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|nominal terms]].}}<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Billions<br />
! Change<br />
! Year<br />
! Billions<br />
! Change<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
| 10.1<br />
| {{steady}} 0.0%<br />
| 2009<br />
| 6.8<br />
| {{decrease}} 17.1%<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| 6.1<br />
| {{decrease}} 40.5%<br />
| 2010<br />
| 12.6<br />
| {{increase}} 85.3%<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| 2.0<br />
| {{decrease}} 66.6%<br />
| 2011<br />
| 18.1<br />
| {{increase}} 43.7%<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| 1.5<br />
| {{decrease}} 25.0%<br />
| 2012<br />
| 23.2<br />
| {{increase}} 28.2%<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| 2.5<br />
| {{increase}} 66.6%<br />
| 2013<br />
| 28.9<br />
| {{increase}} 24.5%<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| 5.1<br />
| {{increase}} 104%<br />
| 2014<br />
| 30.5<br />
| {{increase}} 5.5%<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| 4.1<br />
| {{decrease}} 19.6%<br />
| 2015<br />
| 50.3<br />
| {{increase}} 60.9%<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| 4.3<br />
| {{increase}} 5.1%<br />
| 2016<br />
| 45.2<br />
| {{decrease}} 10.1%<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| 8.7<br />
| {{increase}} 102.3%<br />
| 2017<br />
| 72.8<br />
| {{increase}} 61.6%<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| 8.2<br />
| {{decrease}} 5.7%<br />
| 2018<br />
| 112.0<br />
| {{increase}} 53.8%<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6" |<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">{{small|1=Main data source: ''Forbes'' ''World's Billionaires Estimates''}}</div><div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">{{small|Additional reference(s): ''Bloomberg Billionaires Index''}}</div><br />
|}<br />
Bezos first became a millionaire in 1997 after raising $54&nbsp;million through Amazon's [[initial public offering]] (IPO).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inc.com/business-insider/when-billionaires-made-their-first-million.html|title=The Age When 17 Self-Made Billionaires Earned Their First Million|last=Elkins|first=Kathleen|date=February 11, 2016|website=Inc.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308025254/https://www.inc.com/business-insider/when-billionaires-made-their-first-million.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was first included on the ''[[Forbes]]'' ''[[World's Billionaires]]'' list in 1999 with a registered [[net worth]] of $10.1&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx99xwor.htm|title=World's Billionaire List 1999|last=Casais|first=Eduardo|website=stats.areppim.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=December 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205115311/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx99xwor.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> His net worth decreased to $6.1&nbsp;billion a year later, a 40.5% drop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx00xwor.htm|title=World's Billionaire List 2000|last=Casais|first=Eduardo|website=stats.areppim.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=April 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408224556/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx00xwor.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> His wealth plummeted even more the following year, dropping 66.6% to $2.0&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx01xwor.htm|title=World's Billionaire List 2001|last=Casais|first=Eduardo|website=stats.areppim.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=December 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206224300/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx01xwor.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He lost $500&nbsp;million the following year, which brought his net worth down to $1.5&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx02xwor.htm|title=World's Billionaire List 2002|last=Casais|first=Eduardo|website=stats.areppim.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316074934/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx02xwor.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, his net worth increased by 66.66% to $2.5&nbsp;billion.<ref name="Casais">{{cite web|url=http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx03xwor.htm|title=World's Billionaire List 2003|last=Casais|first=Eduardo|website=stats.areppim.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305203717/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx03xwor.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> From 2005 to 2007, he quadrupled his net worth to $8.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/Rank_6.html|title=The World's Richest People|magazine=Forbes|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165605/https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/Rank_6.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After [[Financial crisis of 2007–2008|the financial crisis]] and [[Great Recession|succeeding economic recession]], his net worth would decrease to $6.8&nbsp;billion—a 17.7% drop.<ref name="Casais2">{{cite web|url=http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx09xwor.htm|title=World's Billionaire List 2009|last=Casais|first=Eduardo|website=stats.areppim.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305183346/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx09xwor.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx08xwor.htm|title=World's Billionaire List 2008|last=Casais|first=Eduardo|website=stats.areppim.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307172837/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx08xwor.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> His wealth rose by 85.2% in 2010, leaving him with $12.6&nbsp;billion. This percentage increase ascended him to the 43rd spot on the ranking from 68th.<ref name="Casais2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx10xwor.htm|title=World's Billionaire List 2010|last=Casais|first=Eduardo|website=stats.areppim.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305190116/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_billionairesx10xwor.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
After a rumor broke out that Amazon was developing a [[smartphone]], Bezos's net worth rose to $30.5&nbsp;billion in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ryanmac/2014/06/05/bezos-net-worth-rises-1-4-billion-on-rumors-of-3-d-amazon-smartphone|title=Jeff Bezos' Net Worth Rises $1.4 Billion on Rumors of 3-D Amazon Smartphone|last=Mac|first=Ryan|magazine=Forbes|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165438/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ryanmac/2014/06/05/bezos-net-worth-rises-1-4-billion-on-rumors-of-3-d-amazon-smartphone/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-21/jeff-bezoss-net-worth-dives-in-2014|title=Jeff Bezos's Net Worth Dives in 2014|last=Summers|first=Nick|work=Bloomberg News|date=April 21, 2014|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308230646/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-21/jeff-bezoss-net-worth-dives-in-2014|url-status=live}}</ref> A year later, Bezos entered the top ten when he increased his net worth to a total of $50.3&nbsp;billion. Bezos rose to be the 5th richest person in the world hours before [[Stock market|market close]]; he gained $7&nbsp;billion in one hour.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2015/07/23/jeff-bezos-just-gained-7-billion-in-an-hour-to-become-worlds-fifth-richest|title=Jeff Bezos Just Gained $7 Billion in an Hour to Become World's Fifth Richest|last=Vinton|first=Kate|magazine=Forbes|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308170035/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2015/07/23/jeff-bezos-just-gained-7-billion-in-an-hour-to-become-worlds-fifth-richest/|url-status=live}}</ref> By the time the ''Forbes'' list was calculated in March 2016, his net worth was registered at $45.2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2016/03/01/the-full-list-of-every-american-billionaire-2016|title=The Full List of Every American Billionaire 2016|last=Peterson-Withorn|first=Chase|magazine=Forbes|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165450/https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2016/03/01/the-full-list-of-every-american-billionaire-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, just months later in October 2016, his wealth increased by $16.2&nbsp;billion to $66.5&nbsp;billion, unofficially ranking him the third richest person in the world behind [[Warren Buffett]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2016/07/28/jeff-bezos-net-worth-hits-record-high-as-fortune-jumps-2-6-billion|title=Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos' Net Worth Hits Record High As Fortune Jumps $2.6 Billion|last=Vinton|first=Kate|magazine=Forbes|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308170056/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2016/07/28/jeff-bezos-net-worth-hits-record-high-as-fortune-jumps-2-6-billion/|url-status=live}}</ref> After sporadic jumps in Amazon's share price, in July 2017 he briefly unseated [[Microsoft]] cofounder [[Bill Gates]] as the wealthiest person in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://money.com/richest-people-in-the-world/|title=The Richest People in the World|last=Calfas|first=Jennifer|magazine=Money|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819182138/https://money.com/richest-people-in-the-world/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
[[File:Net worth of Jeff Bezos from 1999 to 2018.png|left|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[net worth]] of Jeff Bezos from 1999 to 2018 as estimated by ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine, in the [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|nominal]] [[United States dollar|U.S. dollar]]. His net worth is calculated in the billions by March of each year.]]<br />
Bezos would continue to sporadically surpass Gates throughout the month of October 2017 after Amazon's share price fluctuated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2017/10/27/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-is-the-richest-person-in-the-world-again|title=Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos Is the Richest Person in the World – Again|last=Vinton|first=Kate|magazine=Forbes|access-date=October 3, 2017|archive-date=October 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027170831/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2017/10/27/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-is-the-richest-person-in-the-world-again/|url-status=live}}</ref> His net worth surpassed $100&nbsp;billion for the first time on November 24, 2017, after Amazon's [[share price]] increased by more than 2.5%.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/11/24/technology/jeff-bezos-100-billion/index.html|title=Jeff Bezos is now worth $100&nbsp;billion|last=Isidore|first=Chris|publisher=CNN|access-date=December 29, 2017|archive-date=December 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229131618/http://money.cnn.com/2017/11/24/technology/jeff-bezos-100-billion/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> When the 2017 list was issued, Bezos's net worth was registered at $72.8&nbsp;billion, adding $27.6&nbsp;billion from the previous year.<ref name="Dolan">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2017/03/20/forbes-2017-billionaires-list-meet-the-richest-people-on-the-planet|title=Forbes 2017 Billionaires List: Meet The Richest People on the Planet |last=Dolan|first=Kerry A.|magazine=Forbes|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165415/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2017/03/20/forbes-2017-billionaires-list-meet-the-richest-people-on-the-planet/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos was officially ranked as the third wealthiest person in the world up from the 5th spot in 2016.<ref name="Dolan" /> His wealth's rapid growth from 2016 to 2017 sparked a variety of assessments about how much money Bezos earned on a controlled, reduced time scale. On October 10, 2017, he made an estimated $6.24&nbsp;billion in 5 minutes, slightly less than the annual gross domestic product of [[Kyrgyzstan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inc.com/bill-murphy-jr/jeff-bezos-made-62-billion-in-5-minutes-became-worlds-richest-person-how-was-your-thursday.html|title=Jeff Bezos Made $6.2 Billion in 5 Minutes and Became the World's Richest Person (How Was Your Thursday?)|last=Murphy|first=Bill|date=October 27, 2017|magazine=[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]|access-date=April 29, 2018|archive-date=May 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502161733/https://www.inc.com/bill-murphy-jr/jeff-bezos-made-62-billion-in-5-minutes-became-worlds-richest-person-how-was-your-thursday.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On March 6, 2018, Bezos was designated the [[The World's Billionaires|wealthiest person in the world]] with a registered net worth of $112&nbsp;billion.<ref name="NBC News">{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/trump-slumps-down-forbes-annual-list-billionaires-bezos-rises-top-n854141|title=America produced the largest number of billionaires in the world|last=Bayly|first=Lucy|date=March 6, 2018|publisher=[[NBC News]]|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=April 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425001238/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/trump-slumps-down-forbes-annual-list-billionaires-bezos-rises-top-n854141|url-status=live}}</ref> He unseated Bill Gates ($90&nbsp;billion) who was $6&nbsp;billion ahead of Warren Buffett ($84&nbsp;billion), ranked third.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/forbes-2018-list-of-worlds-billionaires|title=Jeff Bezos moves to top spot on Forbes' annual billionaires list|publisher=[[CBS News]]|access-date=March 6, 2018|archive-date=March 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306165128/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/forbes-2018-list-of-worlds-billionaires/|url-status=live}}</ref> He is considered the first registered<!-- Do NOT change his status as a centi-billionaire per Talk:Jeff Bezos FAQ #Q2 and Talk:Jeff Bezos#Jeff Bezos: Episode VIII – The First Centi-Billionaire. --> [[Billionaire|centi-billionaire]] (not [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|adjusted for inflation]]).{{efn|Although [[Bill Gates]] momentarily surpassed the $100&nbsp;billion [[net worth]] mark in April 1999 before the [[Dot-com bubble]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2018/01/09/heres-why-jeff-bezos-is-not-truly-the-richest-person-in-history|title=Here's Why Jeff Bezos Is Not Truly The Richest Person in History|last=Kirsch|first=Noah|magazine=Forbes|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-date=April 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405025758/https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2018/01/09/heres-why-jeff-bezos-is-not-truly-the-richest-person-in-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos was the first to register $100&nbsp;billion with major wealth indexes and has retained the wealth for longer than Gates's three weeks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2018/03/09/jeff-bezos-net-worth-jump|title=Jeff Bezos Had a Record-Breaking One-Year Net Worth Jump|work=Fortune|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-date=March 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312213706/http://fortune.com/2018/03/09/jeff-bezos-net-worth-jump/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2018/03/06/forbes-billionaires-2018-meet-the-richest-people-on-the-planet|title=Forbes Billionaires 2018: Meet The Richest People on the Planet|last=Kroll|first=Luisa|magazine=Forbes|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404014827/https://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2018/03/06/forbes-billionaires-2018-meet-the-richest-people-on-the-planet/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/market/jeff-bezos-worlds-first-centibillionaire-amazon-boss-journey-to-beat-bill-gates-to-the-top-of-fobres-list/1093600|title=Jeff Bezos world's first centibillionaire: Amazon boss' journey to beat Bill Gates to the top of Forbes&nbsp;list|date=April 4, 2018|newspaper=The Financial Express|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-date=April 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405025041/http://www.financialexpress.com/market/jeff-bezos-worlds-first-centibillionaire-amazon-boss-journey-to-beat-bill-gates-to-the-top-of-fobres-list/1093600/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
His wealth, in 2017–18 terms, equaled that of 2.7&nbsp;million Americans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maxim.com/news/forbes-jeff-bezos-richest-billionaire-2018-3|title=Jeff Bezos Is Worth $112 Billion, Overtaking Bill Gates as the Richest Man in the World|last=Freeman|first=Thomas|website=Maxim|date=March 7, 2018|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=October 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025062035/https://www.maxim.com/news/forbes-jeff-bezos-richest-billionaire-2018-3|url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos's net worth increased by $33.6&nbsp;billion from January 2017 to January 2018. This increase outstripped the economic development (in GDP terms) of more than 96 countries around the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valuewalk.com/2018/03/jeff-bezos-richest-man| title=Bezos' Billions: The Wealth of a 'Centi-Billionaire'|date=March 7, 2018|website=ValueWalk|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> During March 9, Bezos earned $230,000 every 60 seconds.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/money/5192998/jeff-bezos-net-worth-2018-worlds-richest-man|title=Jeff Bezos Is Making an Insane $230,000 a Minute Right Now|last=Tuttle|first=Brad|magazine=Money|access-date=March 28, 2018|archive-date=March 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329100352/http://time.com/money/5192998/jeff-bezos-net-worth-2018-worlds-richest-man/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[The Motley Fool]]'' estimated that if Bezos had not sold any of his shares from its original public offering in 1997, his net worth would sit at $181&nbsp;billion in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/02/28/heres-what-amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-would-be-worth-if.aspx|title=Here's How Much Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos Would Be Worth if He Never Sold a Single Share|last=Williams|first=Sean|website=The Motley Fool|date=February 28, 2018|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231529/https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/02/28/heres-what-amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-would-be-worth-if.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]'', his net worth of $150&nbsp;billion in July 2018 was enough to purchase the entire stock markets of [[Nigeria]], [[Hungary]], [[Egypt]], [[Luxembourg]], and [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://qz.com/1330631/jeff-bezos-is-now-worth-150-billion-as-much-as-many-entire-stock-markets|title=Jeff Bezos is rich enough to buy many of the world's stock markets outright|last=Karaian|first=Jason|date=July 15, 2018|work=Quartz|access-date=July 15, 2018|archive-date=July 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718234451/https://qz.com/1330631/jeff-bezos-is-now-worth-150-billion-as-much-as-many-entire-stock-markets/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the report by ''Quartz'', Amazon workers in [[Poland]], (Germany), and Spain participated in demonstrations and [[Strike action|labor strikes]] to draw attention to his growing wealth and the lack of compensation, labor rights, and satisfactory working conditions of select Amazon workers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/07/jeff-bezoss-massive-wealth-becoming-a-problem|title=Is Jeff Bezos's Massive Wealth Becoming a Problem?|last=Kosoff|first=Maya|date=July 17, 2018|work=The Hive|access-date=July 17, 2018|archive-date=November 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122024239/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/07/jeff-bezoss-massive-wealth-becoming-a-problem|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 17, 2018, he was designated the "wealthiest person in modern history"{{efn|Many calculations of Bezos's wealth during the late 2010s were not [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|adjusted for inflation]]. When he was designated the "world wealthiest person" on March 6, 2018, the ''Forbes'' [[The World's Billionaires]] list stipulated that although Bezos was the first [[Billionaire|centi-billionaire]] (i.e. +US$100&nbsp;billion in net worth), it was [[Bill Gates]] who had the most money when taken in [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|real terms]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2018/01/09/heres-why-jeff-bezos-is-not-truly-the-richest-person-in-history|title=Here's Why Jeff Bezos Is Not Truly The Richest Person in History|magazine=Forbes|date=March 6, 2018|last=Kirsch|first=Noah|access-date=July 17, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719024955/https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2018/01/09/heres-why-jeff-bezos-is-not-truly-the-richest-person-in-history/|archive-date=July 19, 2018}}</ref> In such terms, Gates had $150&nbsp;billion while Bezos had $100&nbsp;billion. However, in July 2018, the net worth of Bezos officially surpassed the $150&nbsp;billion mark, which led most major wealth indexes to label him the wealthiest person in modern history (post-1982).<ref name=Chaykowski>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2018/07/17/jeff-bezos-net-worth-hits-record-151-billion-after-strong-amazon-prime-day|title=Jeff Bezos's Net Worth Hits Record $151 Billion After Strong Amazon 'Prime Day'|last=Chaykowski|first=Kathleen|date=July 17, 2018|magazine=Forbes|access-date=July 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717233002/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2018/07/17/jeff-bezos-net-worth-hits-record-151-billion-after-strong-amazon-prime-day/|url-status=live|archive-date=July 17, 2018}}</ref>}} <!-- Please see Talk:Jeff Bezos#Jeff Bezos: Episode VIII – The First Centi-Billionaire for more information about the Gates v. Bezos real terms debate. -->by the [[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]],<ref name=BloombergRichestMan>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-16/happy-prime-day-jeff-amazon-ceo-s-net-worth-tops-150-billion|title=Jeff Bezos Becomes the Richest Man in Modern History, Topping $150 Billion|date=July 17, 2018|work=Bloomberg News|access-date=July 17, 2018|archive-date=July 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716231622/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-16/happy-prime-day-jeff-amazon-ceo-s-net-worth-tops-150-billion|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Fortune'',<ref name=Fortune.com>{{cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2018/07/16/jeff-bezos-richest-man|title=Jeff Bezos Is Now the Richest Man in Modern History, Topping $150 Billion|date=July 17, 2018|work=Fortune|access-date=July 17, 2018|archive-date=July 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716232723/http://fortune.com/2018/07/16/jeff-bezos-richest-man/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[MarketWatch]]'',<ref name=MarkettchWa>{{cite news|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/jeff-bezos-becomes-the-richest-person-in-modern-history-amid-amazon-prime-day-kickoff-2018-07-16?link=MW_latest_news|title=Jeff Bezos becomes the richest person in modern history amid Amazon Prime Day kickoff|last=French|first=Sally|date=July 17, 2018|website=MarketWatch|access-date=July 17, 2018|archive-date=July 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719054144/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/jeff-bezos-becomes-the-richest-person-in-modern-history-amid-amazon-prime-day-kickoff-2018-07-16?link=MW_latest_news|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/is-jeff-bezos-really-the-richest-of-them-all-1533893580|title=Is Jeff Bezos Really the Richest of Them All?|last=McGinty|first=Jo Craven|date=August 10, 2018|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-date=August 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810222316/https://www.wsj.com/articles/is-jeff-bezos-really-the-richest-of-them-all-1533893580|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''Forbes''.<ref name=Chaykowski /><br />
<br />
In 2019, Bezos's wealth was reduced by his divorce from his wife [[MacKenzie Bezos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-mackenzie-bezos-divorce-finalized-2019-4|title=Jeff Bezos and MacKenzie Bezos have finalized their divorce agreement|website=[[Business Insider]]|date=April 4, 2019|first=Avery|last=Hartmans|access-date=April 4, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212194904/https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-mackenzie-bezos-divorce-finalized-2019-4|archive-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46814557|title=World's richest man Jeff Bezos divorces|date=January 10, 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=February 8, 2019|archive-date=February 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209011036/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46814557|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''Forbes'', had the Washington state common law applied to their divorce without a prenuptial agreement, Bezos's wealth could have been equitably divided with his ex-wife;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2019/01/09/jeff-bezos-worlds-richest-person-announces-divorce-after-25-years-of-marriage/|title=Jeff Bezos, World's Richest Person, Announces Divorce After 25 Years Of Marriage|last=Kirsch|first=Noah|date=January 9, 2019|magazine=Forbes|access-date=January 10, 2019|archive-date=January 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110235029/https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2019/01/09/jeff-bezos-worlds-richest-person-announces-divorce-after-25-years-of-marriage/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2019/01/10/who-mackenzie-bezos-she-may-soon-worlds-richest-woman/2536235002/|title=MacKenzie Bezos, author, philanthropist, and soon to be world's richest woman?|last=Snider|first=Mike|date=January 10, 2019|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=January 10, 2019|archive-date=January 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110233246/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2019/01/10/who-mackenzie-bezos-she-may-soon-worlds-richest-woman/2536235002/|url-status=live}}</ref> however, she eventually received 25% of Bezos's Amazon shares, valued at approximately $36&nbsp;billion, making her the third richest woman in the world. Bezos retained his interest in ''The Washington Post'' and Blue Origin, as well as voting control of the shares received by his ex-wife.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-mackenzie-bezos-divorce-finalized-2019-4|title=Jeff Bezos and MacKenzie Bezos have finalized their divorce agreement, and he's getting 75% of the Amazon shares and voting control of the rest|last=Hartmans|first=Avery|website=Business Insider|access-date=August 13, 2019|archive-date=April 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404180601/https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-mackenzie-bezos-divorce-finalized-2019-4|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2019, Bezos purchased three adjoining apartments overlooking [[Madison Square Park]] in [[Manhattan]], including a [[penthouse apartment|penthouse]], for a combined total of US$80&nbsp;million, making this one of the most expensive real estate purchases within New York City in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/jeff-bezos-buys-three-manhattan-apartments-for-80-million-dollars|title=Jeff Bezos Buys Three Manhattan Apartments for $80 Million – The combined space totals 17,000 square feet|author=Jordi Lippe-Mcgraw|magazine=[[Architectural Digest]]|date=June 5, 2019|access-date=June 6, 2019|archive-date=June 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607112918/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/jeff-bezos-buys-three-manhattan-apartments-for-80-million-dollars|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2020, Bezos purchased the [[Jack Warner Estate|Warner Estate]] from [[David Geffen]] for $165 million,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-bezos-buys-david-geffens-los-angeles-mansion-for-a-record-165-million-11581542020|title=Jeff Bezos Buys David Geffen's Los Angeles Mansion for a Record $165 Million|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=February 12, 2020|first1=Katy|last1=McLaughlin|first2=Katherine|last2=Clarke|access-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213220252/https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-bezos-buys-david-geffens-los-angeles-mansion-for-a-record-165-million-11581542020|archive-date=February 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/amazon-founder-jeff-bezos-buys-most-expensive-home-in-los-angeles-11933075|title=Amazon founder Jeff Bezos buys 'most expensive home' in Los Angeles|publisher=[[Sky News]]|date=February 13, 2020|access-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213225324/https://news.sky.com/story/amazon-founder-jeff-bezos-buys-most-expensive-home-in-los-angeles-11933075|archive-date=February 13, 2020}}</ref> a record price paid for a residence in the Los Angeles area. The previous record high price of $150 million was paid by [[Lachlan Murdoch]] for the [[Chartwell Mansion]]. During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], it was reported that Bezos's fortune had grown by $24 billion, citing a surge in demand from households on lockdown shopping on Amazon.<ref name=Evelyn /> He further expanded his residential holdings in february 2022, purchasing a $16.13 million dollar apartment at a 24-story boutique condominium, located across from Madison Square Park in the Flatiron neighbourhood, where he already owns all the units on the top floors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mansionglobal.com/articles/jeff-bezos-drops-16-million-on-another-manhattan-pad-to-create-a-vertical-dream-home-214150?reflink=outbrain_editorial-kpio_008078469379c5885737ee7a8f4917f898&dicbo=v1-fe4fde943bfa31f569d0d105000eeee5-00f0464d4134b070538283435e8e7fd395-gvrtaztgmuywmllgmiygeljugzrgkllcge3tgljwgi4denbrgqzgkobqgq|title=Jeff Bezos Drops $16 Million on Another Manhattan Pad to Create a 'Vertical' Dream Home}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bezos is the owner of the ''[[Y721]]'', a luxury superyacht estimated to cost more than $500,000,000. It is the largest yacht in the world.<ref name="Superyacht">{{cite news |last1=Burack |first1=Emily |title=Rotterdam Is Dismantling a Historic Bridge for Jeff Bezos's Superyacht |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a38973492/jeff-bezos-yacht-bridge-rotterdam-destruction/ |access-date=February 3, 2022 |publisher=Town & Country |date=February 3, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
[[File:Jeff Bezos talking.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Bezos in 2017]]<br />
In 1992, Bezos was working for [[D. E. Shaw]] in Manhattan when he met novelist [[MacKenzie Bezos|MacKenzie Tuttle]], who was a research associate at the firm; the couple married a year later.<ref name=Bayers>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/1999/03/bezos-3|title=The Inner Bezos|last=Bayers|first=Chip|magazine=Wired|access-date=March 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320200110/https://www.wired.com/1999/03/bezos-3/|archive-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siliconbeat.com/2013/11/05/quoted-she-said-he-said-mackenzie-bezos-vs-author-of-book-on-amazon|title=Quoted: She Said, He Said – MacKenzie Bezos Vs. Author of Book on Amazon|website=SiliconBeat|publisher=The Mercury News|author=Levi Sumagaysay|date=November 5, 2013|quote=I have firsthand knowledge of many of the events. I worked for Jeff (Bezos) at D. E. Shaw|access-date=January 9, 2018|archive-date=April 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402054946/http://www.siliconbeat.com/2013/11/05/quoted-she-said-he-said-mackenzie-bezos-vs-author-of-book-on-amazon/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1994, they moved across the country to [[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]], where Bezos founded Amazon.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bayers|first=Chip|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/7.03/bezos_pr.html|title=The Inner Bezos|magazine=Wired|volume=7|issue=3|access-date=August 23, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831214002/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/7.03/bezos_pr.html|archive-date=August 31, 2013}}</ref> Bezos and his now ex-wife MacKenzie are the parents of four children: three sons, and one daughter adopted from China.<ref name=Whoriskey /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/05/us/jeff-bezos-fast-facts|title=Jeff Bezos Fast Facts|publisher=CNN|date=March 24, 2016|access-date=August 3, 2014|archive-date=August 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810152735/http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/05/us/jeff-bezos-fast-facts/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos and MacKenzie have not disclosed their [[Religion|religious status]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stein|first=Michelle|date=February 19, 2020|title=What Is Jeff Bezos's Religion? The Amazon CEO Keeps His Beliefs to Himself|url=https://www.distractify.com/p/jeff-bezos-religion|access-date=February 23, 2022|website=[[Distractify]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Public records, family history, and biographical details suggest that both were raised under some form of [[Christianity]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trotter|first=J. K.|date=January 22, 2019|title=What we know, and don't know, about Jeff Bezos' religious beliefs|url=https://www.insider.com/what-we-know-about-jeff-bezos-religious-beliefs-after-divorce-2019-1|access-date=February 23, 2022|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2003, Bezos was a passenger in a helicopter that crashed in [[West Texas]] while surveying land to buy for Blue Origin; the other 3 occupants in the helicopter were pilot Charles "Cheater" Bella, Amazon lawyer Elizabeth Korrell, and local rancher Ty Holland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB104742483556702500|title=Amazon Chief Survives Helicopter Crash in Texas|author=Nick Wingfield|access-date=March 7, 2018|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103905/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB104742483556702500|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Davenport |first=Christian |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1003305591 |title=The Space Barons : Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and the Quest to Colonize the Cosmos |date= |publisher=[[PublicAffairs]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-61039-829-9 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=1–26 |language=English |oclc=1003305591 |author-link=Christian Davenport}}</ref> All survived; Bezos sustained only minor injuries and was discharged from a local hospital the same day.<ref name="Inside the Mind of Jeff Bezos" /><br />
<br />
In 2016, Bezos played a [[Starfleet]] official in the movie ''[[Star Trek Beyond]]'', and joined the cast and crew at a [[San Diego Comic-Con]] screening.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2016 |title=Amazon founder Jeff Bezos reveals Star Trek Beyond alien cameo |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-36857001 |publisher=BBC |access-date=February 22, 2017|archive-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223141849/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-36857001 |url-status=live }}</ref> He had lobbied [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] for the role apropos of [[Amazon Alexa|Alexa]] and his personal/professional interest in speech recognition. His one line consisted of a response to an alien in distress: "Speak Normally." In his initial discussion of the project which became Alexa with his technical advisor Greg Hart in 2011, Bezos told him that the goal was to create "the ''Star Trek'' computer."<ref>Vlahos, James (2019). ''Talk to Me: How Voice Computing Will Transform the Way We Live, Work and Think'', p. 40, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. {{ISBN|978-1328799302}}.</ref> Bezos's family office Zefram LLC is named after [[Zefram Cochrane]], a character from ''[[Star Trek]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Timberg|first1=Craig|last2=Whoriskey|first2=Peter|last3=Davenport|first3=Christian|last4=Dwoskin|first4=Elizabeth|title=Jeff Bezos, long known for guarding his privacy, faces his most public and personal crisis|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/jeff-bezos-long-known-for-guarding-his-privacy-faces-his-most-public-and-personal-crisis/2019/02/08/8e130a82-2bd4-11e9-97b3-ae59fbae7960_story.html|access-date=October 21, 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=October 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024054738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/jeff-bezos-long-known-for-guarding-his-privacy-faces-his-most-public-and-personal-crisis/2019/02/08/8e130a82-2bd4-11e9-97b3-ae59fbae7960_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On January 9, 2019, Bezos and MacKenzie announced on Twitter their intent to [[Divorce in the United States|divorce]] after a "long period" of separation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/JeffBezos/statu083004911380393985|title=pic.twitter.com/Gb10BDb0x0|last=Bezos|first=Jeff|date=January 9, 2019|website=@JeffBezos|access-date=January 10, 2019|archive-date=January 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110001421/https://twitter.com/JeffBezos/status/1083004911380393985|url-status=live}}{{Primary source inline|date=February 2022}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=December 2019}}<ref name="Snider2019" /><ref>{{cite news|date=July 21, 2016|title=Jeff and MacKenzie Bezos are getting divorced after 25 years of marriage|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/09/tech/jeff-bezos-wife-divorce/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=January 9, 2019|archive-date=January 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109154741/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/09/tech/jeff-bezos-wife-divorce/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On April 4, 2019, the divorce was finalized, with Bezos keeping 75% of the couple's Amazon stock and MacKenzie getting the remaining 25% ($35.6&nbsp;billion) in Amazon stock. However, Bezos would keep all of the couple's voting rights.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/mackenzie-bezos-to-keep-25-percent-of-couples-amazon-stock-after-finalizing-divorce.html|title=Jeff Bezos to keep 75 percent of couple's Amazon stock after finalizing divorce|access-date=March 4, 2019|archive-date=April 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404173118/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/mackenzie-bezos-to-keep-25-percent-of-couples-amazon-stock-after-finalizing-divorce.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On February 7, 2019, Bezos published an online essay in which he accused [[American Media, Inc.]] owner [[David Pecker]] of "extortion and blackmail" for threatening to publish intimate photos of Bezos and current girlfriend [[Lauren Sánchez]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jeff Bezos Walks Through a One-Way Door, Opening a New Age for Amazon |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-03/jeff-bezos-steps-down-heralding-new-era-for-amazon |date=February 2, 2021 |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210203060543/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-03/jeff-bezos-steps-down-heralding-new-era-for-amazon |work=[[Bloomberg Media]] |last1=Stone |first1=Brad |access-date=February 4, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> if he did not stop his investigation into how his text messages and other photos had been leaked to the ''[[National Enquirer]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/technology/jeff-bezos-national-enquirer-blackmail.html|title=Jeff Bezos Accuses National Enquirer of 'Extortion and Blackmail'|first=Karen|last=Weise|date=February 7, 2019|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 7, 2019|archive-date=February 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207235007/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/technology/jeff-bezos-national-enquirer-blackmail.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@jeffreypbezos/no-thank-you-mr-pecker-146e3922310f|title=No thank you, Mr. Pecker|first=Jeff|last=Bezos|date=February 7, 2019|publisher=Medium.com|access-date=February 7, 2019|archive-date=February 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207230040/https://medium.com/@jeffreypbezos/no-thank-you-mr-pecker-146e3922310f|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi presenting the USIBC Global Leadership Award to Mr. Jeff Bezos, in Washington DC, USA on June 07, 2016.jpg|thumb|Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] presenting the USIBC Global Leadership Award to Bezos, in Washington, D.C. on June 7, 2016]]<br />
[[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson UNGA visit (51786182369).jpg|thumb|right|British Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]] meets with Bezos during the United Nations General Assembly, in New York City on September 20, 2021]]<br />
According to public [[Campaign finance in the United States|campaign finance records]], Bezos supported the electoral campaigns of [[Patty Murray]] and [[Maria Cantwell]], two [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] U.S. senators from Washington. He has also supported Democrats U.S. representative [[John Conyers]], as well as [[Patrick Leahy]] and Republican [[Spencer Abraham]], U.S. senators serving on committees dealing with Internet-related issues.<ref name="Sullivan">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2013/08/07/the-politics-of-jeff-bezos |title=The politics of Jeff Bezos |last=Sullivan |first=Sean |date=August 7, 2013 |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 |access-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307152855/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2013/08/07/the-politics-of-jeff-bezos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Jeff Bezos and MacKenzie Bezos have supported the legalization of [[same-sex marriage]], and in 2012 contributed $2.5&nbsp;million to [[Washington United for Marriage]], a group supporting a yes vote on [[Washington Referendum 74]], which affirmed a same-sex marriage law enacted in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-gaymarriage-bezos-idUSBRE86R01320120728 |title=Amazon's Jeff Bezos, wife, make $2.5&nbsp;million donation for gay marriage |last=Porterfield |first=Elaine |date=July 28, 2012 |access-date=August 23, 2013 |work=Reuters |archive-date=August 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815022336/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/28/us-usa-gaymarriage-bezos-idUSBRE86R01320120728 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bezos donated $100,000 towards a movement against a Washington [[state income tax]] in 2010 for "top earners".<ref name="Sullivan" /> In 2012, he donated to Amazon's [[political action committee]] (PAC),<ref name="Sullivan" /> which has given $56,000 and $74,500 to Democrats and Republicans, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/pacgot.php?cmte=C00360354&cycle=2012 |title=Amazon.com Contributions to Federal Candidates, 2012 cycles | publisher=[[OpenSecrets]] |archive-date=March 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308041618/http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/pacgot.php?cmte=C00360354&cycle=2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], Bezos was invited to join [[Donald Trump]]'s [[Defense Innovation Advisory Board]], an advisory council to improve the technology used by the [[United States Department of Defense|Defense Department]].<ref name="Davenport" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/08/02/investing/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-billionaires-warren-buffett/index.html|title=The Hillary Clinton billionaires club|publisher=CNN|date=August 2, 2016|last=La Monica|first=Paul R.|access-date=August 3, 2020|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806193619/https://money.cnn.com/2016/08/02/investing/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-billionaires-warren-buffett/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump has repeatedly attacked Bezos [[Donald Trump on Twitter|via Twitter]], accused Bezos of avoiding [[corporate tax]]es, gaining undue political influence, and undermining his presidency by spreading "[[fake news]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2017/06/28/donald-trump-twitter-jeff-bezos|title=How to Understand Donald Trump's #AmazonWashingtonPost Tweet in 3 Easy Steps|last=Abramson|first=Alana|website=Fortune|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010150/http://fortune.com/2017/06/28/donald-trump-twitter-jeff-bezos/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/slammed-by-trump-amazons-jeff-bezos-chooses-the-silent-treatment-1523282400|title=Slammed by Trump, Amazon's Jeff Bezos Chooses Silence|last1=Stevens|first1=Laura|date=April 9, 2018|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=April 9, 2018|last2=Nicholas|first2=Peter|archive-date=April 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409145543/https://www.wsj.com/articles/slammed-by-trump-amazons-jeff-bezos-chooses-the-silent-treatment-1523282400|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/02/why-jeff-bezos-is-pouring-amazon-cash-into-trumps-swamp|title=Why Jeff Bezos Is Dumping Cash into Trump's Swamp|last=Kosoff|first=Maya|website=The Hive|date=February 14, 2018|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=August 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821184147/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/02/why-jeff-bezos-is-pouring-amazon-cash-into-trumps-swamp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/07/donald-trump-called-out-jeff-bezos-on-twitter-then-bezos-called-his-bluff|title=Donald Trump called out Jeff Bezos on Twitter. Then Bezos called his bluff.|last=Cillizza|first=Chris|date=December 7, 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|issn=0190-8286|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309182728/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/07/donald-trump-called-out-jeff-bezos-on-twitter-then-bezos-called-his-bluff/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2014, Amazon won a bid for a [[cloud computing]] contract with the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] valued at $600&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/norman-solomon/why-amazons-collaboration_b_4824854.html|title=Why Amazon's collaboration with the CIA is so ominous – and vulnerable|first=Norman|last=Solomon|newspaper=HuffPost|date=February 20, 2014|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=August 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807022453/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/norman-solomon/why-amazons-collaboration_b_4824854.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2018, $10&nbsp;billion contract known as the [[Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure]] (JEDI) project, this time with the [[United States Department of Defense|Pentagon]], was allegedly written up in a way that favors Amazon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://federalnewsradio.com/contractsawards/2018/08/dods-10b-cloud-contract-comes-under-protest-11-days-after-final-rfp/|title=DoD's $10B cloud contract comes under protest 11 days after final RFP|first=Jason|last=Miller|publisher=Federal News Radio|date=August 7, 2018|access-date=October 21, 2018|archive-date=September 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923163309/https://federalnewsradio.com/contractsawards/2018/08/dods-10b-cloud-contract-comes-under-protest-11-days-after-final-rfp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Controversy over this was raised when General [[James Mattis]] accepted a headquarters tour invitation from Bezos and co-ordinated the deal through Sally Donnelly, a lobbyist who previously worked for Amazon.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/08/has-bezos-become-more-powerful-in-dc-than-trump|title="Everybody immediately knew that it was for Amazon": Has Bezos become more powerful in DC than Trump?|first=May|last=Jeong|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=August 13, 2018|access-date=September 14, 2018|archive-date=August 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821034524/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/08/has-bezos-become-more-powerful-in-dc-than-trump|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2019, when the contract was awarded to Microsoft instead, Amazon filed a lawsuit with allegations that the bidding process was biased.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/oct/26/microsoft-wins-pentagons-10bn-cloud-computing-contract|title=Microsoft wins Pentagon's $10bn cloud computing contract|newspaper=The Guardian|date=October 26, 2019|access-date=November 21, 2019|archive-date=November 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118022426/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/oct/26/microsoft-wins-pentagons-10bn-cloud-computing-contract|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/14/amazon-sues-pentagon-microsoft-contract-071001|title=Amazon suing Pentagon over $10B cloud contract, alleging 'bias'|first1=Jacqueline|last1=Feldscher|first2=Steven|last2=Overly|work=Politico|date=November 14, 2019|access-date=November 21, 2019|archive-date=November 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115043517/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/14/amazon-sues-pentagon-microsoft-contract-071001|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 6, 2021, the Pentagon cancelled the JEDI contract with Microsoft, citing that “due to evolving requirements, increased cloud conversancy, and industry advances, the JEDI Cloud contract no longer meets its needs.”<ref>{{Cite web|last=Macias|first=Lauren Feiner,Amanda|date=July 6, 2021|title=Pentagon cancels $10 billion JEDI cloud contract that Amazon and Microsoft were fighting over|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/06/pentagon-cancels-10-billion-jedi-cloud-contract.html|access-date=July 6, 2021|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Despite Bezos's support for an open borders policy towards immigrants, Amazon has actively marketed facial recognition software to [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] (ICE).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/amazon-pushes-ice-to-buy-its-face-recognition-surveillance-tech|title=Amazon Pushes ICE to Buy Its Face Recognition Surveillance Tech|first=Jake|last=Laperruque|website=The Daily Beast|date=October 23, 2018|access-date=October 23, 2018|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023141902/https://www.thedailybeast.com/amazon-pushes-ice-to-buy-its-face-recognition-surveillance-tech|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019, a [[political action committee]] linked to Bezos spent over $1&nbsp;million in an unsuccessful attempt to defeat the reelection bid of Seattle city council member and activist [[Kshama Sawant]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/amazons-growing-spending-on-seattle-politics-includes-a-spate-of-donations-from-jeff-bezos-s-team/|title=Amazon's growing spending on Seattle politics includes a spate of donations from Jeff Bezos' 'S Team'|first1=Jim|last1=Brunner|first2=Benjamin|last2=Romano|work=The Seattle Times|date=October 20, 2019|access-date=November 21, 2019|archive-date=December 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211185519/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/amazons-growing-spending-on-seattle-politics-includes-a-spate-of-donations-from-jeff-bezos-s-team/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On November 22, 2021, Jeff Bezos donated $100&nbsp;million to the [[Obama Foundation]] to "help expand the scope of programming that reaches emerging leaders," and requested the [[Barack Obama Presidential Center|Obama Presidential Center]]'s plaza to be named after [[John Lewis]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeff Bezos donates $100M to the Obama Foundation in honor of Congressman John Lewis|url=https://www.obama.org/updates/bezos-donation-2021/|access-date=November 23, 2021|website=Obama Foundation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jeff Bezos donates to Obama Foundation in honor of John Lewis|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/jeff-bezos-donates-obama-foundation-honor-john-lewis-n1284413|access-date=November 23, 2021|publisher=NBC News|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Saudi hacking claim ===<br />
{{Main|Jeff Bezos phone hacking}}<br />
In March 2018, Bezos met in Seattle with [[Mohammad bin Salman]], the crown prince and de facto ruler of [[Saudi Arabia]], to discuss investment opportunities for [[Saudi Vision 2030]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1276676/saudi-arabia|title=Saudi crown prince meets Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos in Seattle|newspaper=Arab News|date=March 31, 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523171558/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1276676/saudi-arabia|archive-date=May 23, 2018}}</ref> In March 2019, Bezos's security consultant accused the Saudi government of [[Phone hacking|hacking]] Bezos's phone. According to BBC, Bezos's top security staffer, [[Gavin de Becker]], "linked the hack to the ''Washington Post''{{'}}s coverage of the murder of Saudi writer [[Jamal Khashoggi]] at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul". Khashoggi, a Saudi journalist and dissident was employed as a writer at the ''Washington Post'', owned by Bezos. Khashoggi was killed in late 2018, in Turkey's Saudi consulate for his critical stance and journalism against the Saudi government and its leader.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Arabia 'hacked Amazon boss's phone', says investigator|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47763179|work=BBC News|date=March 31, 2019|access-date=May 9, 2019|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411133518/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47763179|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2020, ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that the hack was initiated before the murder but after Khashoggi wrote critically about the crown prince in the ''Washington Post''. Forensic analysis of Bezos's mobile phone conducted by advisory firm [[FTI Consulting]], concluded it "highly probable" that the hack was achieved using a malicious file hidden in a video sent in a [[WhatsApp]] message to Bezos from the personal account of the crown prince on May 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jan/21/amazon-boss-jeff-bezoss-phone-hacked-by-saudi-crown-prince|title=Jeff Bezos hack: Amazon boss's phone 'hacked by Saudi crown prince'|first=Stephanie|last=Kirchgaessner|newspaper=The Guardian|date=January 22, 2020|access-date=January 22, 2020|archive-date=February 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229191904/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jan/21/amazon-boss-jeff-bezoss-phone-hacked-by-saudi-crown-prince|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/technology/jeff-bezos-hack-iphone.html|title=How Jeff Bezos' iPhone X Was Hacked|access-date=January 22, 2020|website=The New York Times|date=January 22, 2020|archive-date=January 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123001012/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/technology/jeff-bezos-hack-iphone.html|url-status=live|last1=Frenkel|first1=Sheera}}</ref> Saudi Arabia has denied the claim.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51171400 |title=Jeff Bezos hack: Saudi Arabia calls claim 'absurd' |date=January 22, 2020 |work=BBC News|access-date=January 22, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122090908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51171400|archive-date=January 22, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Philanthropy ==<br />
[[File:Recovered F-1 Engine parts .jpg|thumb|Bezos funded the retrieval of these [[Rocketdyne F-1|F-1 engine]] parts from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean in 2015, eventually donating them to the [[Museum of Flight|Seattle Museum of Flight]]. They are from [[Apollo 16]] (above) and [[Apollo 12]] (below)]]<br />
Bezos donated to the [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]] several times between 2009 and 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/health/hutch-receives-35-million-donation-largest-ever-from-bezos-family/|title=Fred Hutch receives $35&nbsp;million donation, largest ever, from Bezos family|date=March 30, 2017|website=The Seattle Times|access-date=April 2, 2019|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402165908/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/health/hutch-receives-35-million-donation-largest-ever-from-bezos-family/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, he pledged $500,000 to [[Worldreader]], a non-profit founded by a former Amazon employee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geekwire.com/2014/jeff-bezos-donates-20-million-fred-hutchinson-cancer-research-center|title=Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and family donate $20M to Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center|last=Soper|first=Taylor|website=GeekWire|date=April 7, 2014|access-date=December 31, 2017|archive-date=January 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102072819/https://www.geekwire.com/2014/jeff-bezos-donates-20-million-fred-hutchinson-cancer-research-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2018, ''Business Insider'' reported that Bezos was the only one of the top five billionaires in the world who had not signed the [[Giving Pledge]], an initiative created by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett that encourages wealthy people to give away a majority of their wealth.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-richest-person-modern-history-spends-on-charity-2018-7|title=Jeff Bezos is the richest man in modern history – here's how he spends on philanthropy|last=Kotecki|first=Peter|magazine=Business Insider|access-date=July 1, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508153534/https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-richest-person-modern-history-spends-on-charity-2018-7|archive-date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> That same month, Janet Camarena, director of transparency initiatives at [[Foundation Center]], was quoted by CNBC as having questions about Bezos's new {{slink||Day 1 Fund}}, including the fund's structure and how exactly it will be funded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/14/jeff-bezoss-new-2-billion-philanthropic-fund-faces-many-unanswered-questions.html|title=Unanswered questions about Jeff Bezos' new $2&nbsp;billion philanthropic fund|publisher=CNBC|date=September 16, 2018|last=Kim|first=Eugene|access-date=July 1, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429065745/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/14/jeff-bezoss-new-2-billion-philanthropic-fund-faces-many-unanswered-questions.html|archive-date=April 29, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2017, Bezos gave $1&nbsp;million to the [[Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press]], which provides [[pro bono]] legal services for American journalists.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4038657/jeff-bezos-just-gave-1-million-to-the-reporters-committee-for-freedom-of-the-press|title=Jeff Bezos just gave $1&nbsp;million to the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press|last=Grothaus|first=Michael|date=May 24, 2017|magazine=Fast Company|access-date=March 8, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309120254/https://www.fastcompany.com/4038657/jeff-bezos-just-gave-1-million-to-the-reporters-committee-for-freedom-of-the-press|archive-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref> On June 15, 2017, he posted a message on Twitter asking for ideas for philanthropy: "I'm thinking about a philanthropy strategy that is the opposite of how I mostly spend my time—working on the long term".<ref name=Frank /> At the time of the post, Bezos's lifetime spending on charitable causes was estimated to be $100&nbsp;million.<ref name=Frank /> Multiple opinion columnists responded by asking Bezos to pay higher wages to Amazon warehouse workers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/jeff-bezos-workers_us_59a7220fe4b07e81d354e6e3|first=Frederick|last=Kunkle|title=Jeff Bezos wants to give more money to charity. He should pay his workers first.|newspaper=HuffPost|date=September 1, 2017|access-date=September 19, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920062447/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/jeff-bezos-workers_us_59a7220fe4b07e81d354e6e3|archive-date=September 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/sep/14/jeff-bezos-low-income-people-pay-amazon-workers-better|title=If Jeff Bezos wants to help low-income people why not just pay them better?|newspaper=The Guardian|date=September 14, 2018|last=Hyde|first=Marina|access-date=December 12, 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212144909/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/sep/14/jeff-bezos-low-income-people-pay-amazon-workers-better|archive-date=December 12, 2019}}</ref> A year later in June, he tweeted that he would announce two philanthropic foci by the end of summer 2018.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=http://observer.com/2018/06/what-has-jeff-bezos-chosen-to-spend-his-140b-on-we-have-4-guesses|title=What Has Jeff Bezos Chosen to Spend His $140B On? We Have 4 Guesses|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|date=June 6, 2018|last=Cao|first=Sissi|access-date=June 6, 2018 |archive-date=June 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616082134/http://observer.com/2018/06/what-has-jeff-bezos-chosen-to-spend-his-140b-on-we-have-4-guesses |url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos announced in September 2018 that he would commit approximately $2&nbsp;billion to a fund to deal with [[Homelessness in the United States|American homelessness]] and establish a network of non-profit [[preschool]]s for low income communities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/13/amazon-jeff-bezos-philanthropy-day-one-fund|title=Jeff Bezos to fund schools where 'child will be the customer' with new charity|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=September 13, 2018|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913200840/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/13/amazon-jeff-bezos-philanthropy-day-one-fund|url-status=live}}</ref> As part of this announcement, he committed to establishing the "Day 1 Families Fund" to finance "[[Homeless shelter|night shelters]] and [[Child care|day care centers]] for homeless families" and the "Day 1 Academies Fund" for [[early childhood education]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-bezos-to-create-2-billion-fund-for-homeless-preschools-1536856739|title=Jeff Bezos to Create $2 Billion Fund for Homeless, Preschools|last=Stevens|first=Laura|date=September 13, 2018|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913165532/https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-bezos-to-create-2-billion-fund-for-homeless-preschools-1536856739|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2018/09/13/jeff-bezos-amazon-philanthropy-giving-billion-dollar-fund/|title=Jeff Bezos Unveils Multibillion-Dollar Plans For Charitable Giving|last=Au-Yeung|first=Angel|date=September 13, 2018|magazine=Forbes|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913192543/https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2018/09/13/jeff-bezos-amazon-philanthropy-giving-billion-dollar-fund/|archive-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2018, Bezos made a $33&nbsp;million donation to TheDream.US, a college scholarship fund for [[Undocumented youth in the United States|undocumented immigrants brought to the United States as minors]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2018/01/12/jeff-bezos-donates-33-million-to-scholarship-fund-for-dreamers|title=Jeff Bezos donates $33&nbsp;million to scholarship fund for 'dreamers'|last1=O'Keefe|first1=Ed|last2=Anderson|first2=Nick|date=January 12, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 12, 2018|archive-date=January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112171541/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2018/01/12/jeff-bezos-donates-33-million-to-scholarship-fund-for-dreamers/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2021|reason=Washington Post belongs to Jeff Bezos}} In June 2018, Bezos donated to [[Breakthrough Energy Ventures]], a private philanthropic fund founded by [[Bill Gates]] aimed at promoting [[Sustainable energy|emissions-free energy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/backed-bill-gates-jeff-bezos-breakthrough-energy-ventures-places-first-bets-power-storage|title=Backed by Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos, Breakthrough Energy Ventures places first bets on power storage|last=Boyle|first=Alan|date=June 18, 2018|work=GeekWire|access-date=June 18, 2018|quote=We are committed to doing our part and filling this capital need by coming together in a new coalition. We will form a network of private capital committed to building a structure that will allow informed decisions to help accelerate the change to the advanced energy future our planet needs. Success requires a partnership of increased government research, with a transparent and workable structure to objectively evaluate those projects, and committed private-sector investors willing to support the innovative ideas that come out of the public research pipeline.|archive-date=June 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091108/https://www.geekwire.com/2018/backed-bill-gates-jeff-bezos-breakthrough-energy-ventures-places-first-bets-power-storage/|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2018, Bezos donated $10&nbsp;million to [[With Honor]], a nonpartisan organization that works to increase the number of veterans in political office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/09/05/technology/jeff-bezos-donation-with-honor/index.html|title=Jeff Bezos donates $10&nbsp;million to organization that helps veterans run for office|last=Goldman|first=David|date=September 5, 2018|website=CNNMoney|access-date=December 17, 2018|archive-date=December 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218043103/https://money.cnn.com/2018/09/05/technology/jeff-bezos-donation-with-honor/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2020, Bezos pledged $10 billion to [[climate change mitigation|combat climate change]] through the Bezos Earth Fund.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B8rWKFnnQ5c/|title=Instagram a new Bezos Earth Fund|date=February 17, 2020|via=[[Instagram]]|access-date=February 17, 2020|quote=Today, I'm thrilled to announce I am launching the Bezos Earth Fund.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217222952/https://www.instagram.com/p/B8rWKFnnQ5c/|archive-date=February 17, 2020}}{{Primary source inline|date=February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/amazon-founder-bezos-commits-10bn-to-fight-climate-change-11936763|title=Amazon founder Jeff Bezos commits $10bn to fight climate change|publisher=Sky News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217210918/https://news.sky.com/story/amazon-founder-bezos-commits-10bn-to-fight-climate-change-11936763|archive-date=February 17, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51539321|title=Jeff Bezos: World's richest man pledges $10bn to fight climate change|work=BBC News|date=February 17, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217210919/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51539321|archive-date=February 17, 2020}}</ref> Later that year, in November, Bezos announced $791M of donations to established, well-known groups, with $100M each going to [[Environmental Defense Fund]], [[Natural Resources Defense Council]], [[The Nature Conservancy]], [[World Resources Institute]] and [[World Wildlife Fund]], and the remainder going to 11 other groups.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 16, 2020|title=Bezos Earth Fund announces first grants totaling $791M of his $10B pledge to help planet|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2020/bezos-earth-fund-announces-first-grants-totaling-791m-10b-pledge-help-planet/|access-date=March 10, 2021|website=GeekWire|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bezos Earth Fund gives nearly $800 million to climate groups in first round of grants|url=https://phys.org/news/2020-11-bezos-earth-fund-million-climate.html|access-date=March 10, 2021|website=phys.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Palmer|first=Annie|date=November 16, 2020|title=Jeff Bezos names first recipients of his $10 billion Earth Fund for combating climate change|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/16/jeff-bezos-names-first-recipients-of-his-10-billion-earth-fund.html|access-date=March 10, 2021|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In April 2020, early in the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Bezos donated $100 million to food banks through [[Feeding America]].<ref name=Evelyn /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52209690|title=Twitter boss pledges $1bn for coronavirus relief|work=BBC News|date=April 7, 2020|access-date=April 15, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413111217/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52209690|archive-date=April 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/4/2/21206205/jeff-bezos-100-million-charity-food-banks-feeding-america|title=Why Jeff Bezos's $100 million donation to food banks won't satisfy his critics|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|language=en|date=April 2, 2020|last=Schleifer|first=Theodore|access-date=April 15, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413021313/https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/4/2/21206205/jeff-bezos-100-million-charity-food-banks-feeding-america|archive-date=April 13, 2020}}</ref> In November 2021, Bezos pledged to donate $2 billion towards restructuring food systems and nature conservation at the [[2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeff Bezos Pledges $2B for Nature Conservation as World Leaders Address Deforestation, Emissions |url=https://news.yahoo.com/jeff-bezos-pledges-2b-nature-211448103.html |access-date=November 3, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Bezos Academy]] is a group of tuition-free [[preschool]]s for students from [[low-income]] families, which was created by Bezos, and which operate in a manner similar to the [[Montessori]] method.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-free-preschool-bezos-academy-locations-curriculum-eligibility-2022-1 Jeff Bezos's tuition-free preschool is expanding to new locations in Texas and Florida. Here's who's eligible to attend and why Bezos says 'the child will be the customer.'], Business Insider, January 31, 2022</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Princeton University people|List of Princeton University alumni]]<br />
* [[List of richest Americans in history]]<br />
* [[Time Person of the Year#Persons of the Year|List of ''Time'' Person of the Year recipients]]<br />
* [[The World's Billionaires]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<br />
<ref name="Snider2019">{{Citation |title=Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and wife MacKenzie to divorce after 25 years of marriage |first=Mike |last=Snider |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=January 9, 2019 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2019/01/09/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-wife-mackenzie-divorce-after-25-years/2523544002/ |access-date=January 9, 2019 |archive-date=January 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109190914/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2019/01/09/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-wife-mackenzie-divorce-after-25-years/2523544002/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
<!-- Sources used in article by way of footnotes. --><br />
* {{cite book |title=Jeff Bezos: Amazon.com Architect |first=Tom |last=Robinson |year=2010 |publisher=ABDO Publishing |isbn=978-1-60453-759-8}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
<!--Long, in-depth profiles about Bezos either in book, online, or article formats. Follow established citation format.--><br />
{{Refbegin|30em}}<br />
* {{cite news |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=May 29, 2018 |title=Jeff Bezos: 'We will have to leave this planet ... and it's going to make this planet better' |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/jeff-bezos-isdc-space-vision |work=[[GeekWire]] |access-date=May 31, 2018 |archive-date=May 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529170353/https://www.geekwire.com/2018/jeff-bezos-isdc-space-vision/ |url-status=live }}<br />
* Davenport, Christian (2018). ''The Space Barons: Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and the Quest to Colonize the Cosmos''. PublicAffairs. {{ISBN|978-1610398299}}.<br />
* {{cite news |last=Döpfner |first=Mathias S. |date=March 28, 2018 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-interview-axel-springer-ceo-amazon-trump-blue-origin-family-regulation-washington-post-2018-4 |title=Jeff Bezos reveals what it's like to build an empire |work=Business Insider |access-date=April 29, 2018 |archive-date=April 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430233857/http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-interview-axel-springer-ceo-amazon-trump-blue-origin-family-regulation-washington-post-2018-4 |url-status=live }}<br />
* Fernholz, Tim (2018). ''Rocket Billionaires: Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and the New Space Race''. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. {{ISBN|978-1328662231}}.<br />
* Leibovich, Mark. ''The New Imperialists'' (Prentice Hall, 2002) pp 55–104.[https://archive.org/details/newimperialists00mark online]<br />
* {{cite news |last=Wingfield |first=Nick |date=January 12, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/technology/jeff-bezos-amazon.html |title=Jeff Bezos, Mr. Amazon, Steps Out |work=The New York Times |access-date=April 29, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422111725/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/technology/jeff-bezos-amazon.html |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{cite news |last=Wofford |first=Ben |date=April 22, 2018 |title=Inside Jeff Bezos's Washington D.C. Life |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/04/22/inside-jeff-bezos-dc-life |work=[[Washingtonian (magazine)|Washingtonian]] |access-date=April 29, 2018 |archive-date=April 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429052713/https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/04/22/inside-jeff-bezos-dc-life/ |url-status=live }}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Category:Jeff Bezos|n=Jeff Bezos|q=Jeff Bezos|s=no|b=no|voy=no|v=no|d=No|species=no}}<br />
* {{TED speaker}}<br />
* {{C-SPAN|53772}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|2495}}<br />
* {{New York Times topic|people/b/jeffrey_p_bezos}}<br />
* [http://www.bezosexpeditions.com/ Bezos Expeditions]<br />
* [https://www.forbes.com/profile/jeff-bezos/ ''Forbes'' Profile]<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-hon}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Bill Gates]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[The World's Billionaires|World's richest person]]|years=2018–2021}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Elon Musk]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
{{Amazon}}<br />
{{Blue Origin}}<br />
{{Navboxes|title=Articles related to Jeff Bezos|list=<br />
{{Dot-com Bubble}}<br />
{{Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000}}<br />
{{Wealthiest people in the United States}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|Business|Internet|Spaceflight|Technology|United States}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bezos, Jeff}}<br />
[[Category:1964 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American engineers]]<br />
[[Category:Amazon (company) people]]<br />
[[Category:American adoptees]]<br />
[[Category:American aerospace businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:American astronauts]]<br />
[[Category:American billionaires]]<br />
[[Category:American chairpersons of corporations]]<br />
[[Category:American computer businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:American computer programmers]]<br />
[[Category:American Internet company founders]]<br />
[[Category:American investors]]<br />
[[Category:American manufacturing businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:American mass media owners]]<br />
[[Category:American online retailer founders]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Danish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:American software engineers]]<br />
[[Category:American technology chief executives]]<br />
[[Category:American technology company founders]]<br />
[[Category:American venture capitalists]]<br />
[[Category:Blue Origin people]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from Albuquerque, New Mexico]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from Houston]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from Miami]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from Seattle]]<br />
[[Category:Commercial astronauts]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Life extensionists]]<br />
[[Category:Miami Palmetto Senior High School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:New Shepard passengers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Albuquerque, New Mexico]]<br />
[[Category:People from Medina, Washington]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mercer Island, Washington]]<br />
[[Category:People in the space industry]]<br />
[[Category:People who have flown in suborbital spaceflight]]<br />
[[Category:Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Space advocates]]<br />
[[Category:Time 100]]<br />
[[Category:Time Person of the Year]]<br />
[[Category:The Washington Post publishers]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elon_Musk&diff=307550Elon Musk2022-04-28T19:24:45Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Business magnate (born 1971)}}<br />
{{Current person|date=April 2022|3=current acquisition}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{Pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Elon Musk<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|FRS|size=100%}}<br />
| image = Elon Musk Royal Society (crop2).jpg<br />
| caption = Musk at the [[Royal Society]] admissions day in [[London]], 2018<br />
| birth_name = Elon Reeve Musk<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|6|28}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Pretoria]], [[Transvaal Province|Transvaal]], [[South Africa]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| occupation = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = [[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]; [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />
| title = {{Unbulleted list<br />
<!-- Do not add any of Musk's self-appointed titles without first reaching a consenus on the talk page. --><br />
| Founder, CEO and Chief Engineer of [[SpaceX]]<br />
| CEO and product architect of [[Tesla, Inc.]]<br />
| Founder of [[The Boring Company]] and [[X.com]] (now part of [[PayPal]])<br />
| Co-founder of [[Neuralink]], [[OpenAI]], and [[Zip2]]<br />
|President of [[#Musk Foundation|Musk Foundation]]<br />
}}<br />
| spouse = {{Plainlist|<br />
* {{Marriage|[[Justine Musk|Justine Wilson]] | 2000|2008|end=div.}}<br />
* {{Marriage|[[Talulah Riley]] | 2010|2012|end=div.}} {{Marriage|<!--Talulah Riley-->|2013|2016|end=div.}}<br />
}}<br />
| partner = [[Grimes (musician)|Grimes]] (2018–2022)<ref name="GrimesVanityFair2022" /><br />
| children = 8<!--Do not remove the note. You have to verify the accuracy of 8 children.-->{{efn|group=note|One child is deceased.<ref>{{cite news|last=Petter|first=Olivia|date=July 26, 2020|title='There's Not Much I Can Do': Elon Musk Admits Grimes Does Majority Of Childcare For Two-month Old Son|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/elon-musk-son-grimes-childcare-interview-a9638321.html|work=[[The Independent]] | access-date=January 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116002628/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/elon-musk-son-grimes-childcare-interview-a9638321.html|archive-date=November 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<br />
| mother = [[Maye Musk]]<br />
| relatives = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Tosca Musk]] (sister)<br />
* [[Kimbal Musk]] (brother)<br />
* [[Lyndon Rive]] (cousin)<br />
}}<br />
| website = <br />
| signature = Elon Musk Signature.svg<br />
| signature_alt = <br />
}}<br />
{{Elon Musk series}}<br />
'''Elon Reeve Musk''' {{postnominals|FRS}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|l|ɒ|n}}; born June 28, 1971) is an <!--Talk page consensus is that "South African-born" or "Canadian" should not be placed in this first sentence; please leave citizenship and place of birth for later in the lead, per MOS:BLPLEAD-->entrepreneur, investor and [[business magnate]]<!-- Talk page consensus to not describe Musk as an engineer but mention his title at SpaceX -->. He is the founder, CEO and [[Chief technology officer|chief engineer]] at [[SpaceX]]; [[angel investor]]<!-- Talk page consensus is that "founder" or "co-founder" should not be placed here; see [[Talk:Elon Musk#Musk is Tesla's retroactive co-founder 🤦♂️]] -->, CEO and Product Architect of [[Tesla, Inc.]]; founder of [[The Boring Company]]; and co-founder of [[Neuralink]] and [[OpenAI]]. With an estimated net worth of around US$252<!-- Do not update his net worth every day – stick to once a week at most. Last updated: 27 April 2022 --> billion as of April 2022,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elon Musk|website=[[Forbes]] | url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/elon-musk/}}</ref> Musk is the wealthiest person in the world according to both the ''[[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]]'' and the ''[[Forbes]]'' real-time billionaires list.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/ |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |access-date=January 17, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Real Time Billionaires |url=https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/ |website=Forbes |access-date=January 17, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Musk was born to a Canadian mother and [[White South Africans|White South African]] father, and raised in [[Pretoria]], [[South Africa]]. He briefly attended the [[University of Pretoria]] before moving to [[Canada]] at age 17. He matriculated at [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] and transferred to the [[University of Pennsylvania]] two years later, where he received a Bachelor's Degree in [[Economics]] and [[Physics]]. He moved to [[California]] in 1995 to attend [[Stanford University]] but decided instead to pursue a business career, co-founding the web software company [[Zip2]] with his brother [[Kimbal Musk|Kimbal]]. The startup was acquired by [[Compaq]] for $307 million in 1999. The same year, Musk co-founded online bank [[X.com]], which merged with [[Confinity]] in 2000 to form [[PayPal]]. The company was bought by [[eBay]] in 2002 for $1.5 billion.<br />
<br />
In 2002, Musk founded [[SpaceX]], an [[aerospace]] manufacturer and space transport services company, of which he is CEO and Chief Engineer. In 2004, he joined electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors, Inc. (now Tesla, Inc.) as chairman and product architect, becoming its CEO in 2008. In 2006, he helped create [[SolarCity]], a solar energy services company that was later acquired by Tesla and became [[Tesla Energy]]. In 2015, he co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company that promotes [[friendly artificial intelligence]]. In 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a [[neurotechnology]] company focused on developing [[brain–computer interface]]s, and founded The Boring Company, a [[tunnel construction]] company. He also [[Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk|agreed to purchase]] the major American social networking service [[Twitter]] in 2022 for $44 billion. Musk has proposed the [[Hyperloop]], a high-speed [[vactrain]] transportation system.<br />
<br />
Musk has been criticized for making unscientific and controversial statements. In 2018, he was sued by the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] (SEC) for falsely tweeting that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla. He settled with the SEC but did not admit guilt, temporarily stepping down from his chairmanship and agreeing to limitations on his Twitter usage. In 2019, he won a defamation trial brought against him by a British caver who advised in the [[Tham Luang cave rescue]]. Musk has also been criticized for spreading [[COVID-19 misinformation|misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic]] and for [[Views of Elon Musk|his other views]] on such matters as [[artificial intelligence]], [[cryptocurrency]] and [[public transport]].<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
<br />
=== Childhood and family ===<br />
<br />
{{Further|Musk family}}<br />
Elon Reeve Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in [[Pretoria]], South Africa.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 25, 31.</ref> His mother is [[Maye Musk]] ({{Nee|Haldeman}}), a model and dietitian born in [[Saskatchewan]], Canada,<ref name="Biog">{{Triangulation|203|His biography author [[Ashlee Vance]]}}, discussion of his family starts around the 15th minute</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/a18205769/maye-musk-facts/|title=11 Things to Know About Stunning 69-Year-Old Model Maye Musk|last=Vargas|first=Chanel|date=March 6, 2018|website=Town & Country|access-date=March 25, 2020|archive-date=March 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023138/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/a18205769/maye-musk-facts/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Usborne|first=Simon|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2018/feb/21/meet-elon-musk-family|title=Meet the Musks: who's who in Elon's extended family?|date=February 21, 2018|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=March 25, 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=May 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527001143/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2018/feb/21/meet-elon-musk-family|url-status=live}}</ref> but raised in South Africa. His father is Errol Musk, a [[White South Africans|White South African]] electromechanical engineer, pilot, sailor, consultant, and property developer who was once a half-owner of a [[Zambia]]n [[emerald]] mine near [[Lake Tanganyika]].<ref>* {{Cite web|last=May|first=Dana Hull and Patrick|title=Exploring the otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk|url=https://buffalonews.com/business/local/exploring-the-otherworldly-ambitions-of-elon-musk/article_2fc57479-93eb-5016-b724-016b48a4f4f3.html|access-date=October 24, 2021|website=The Buffalo News|language=en}}<br />
* {{Cite magazine|last=Friend|first=Tad|date=August 17, 2009|title=Plugged In|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/08/24/plugged-in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308155550/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/08/24/plugged-in |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}<br />
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2015/07/02/how-to-raise-a-billionaire-an-interview-with-elon-musks-father-errol-musk/|title=How To Raise A Billionaire: An Interview With Elon Musk's Father, Errol Musk|last=Dolan|first=Kerry A.|website=Forbes|access-date=March 25, 2020|archive-date=July 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703011435/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2015/07/02/how-to-raise-a-billionaire-an-interview-with-elon-musks-father-errol-musk/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Adam |title=50 years of Elon Musk's huge wealth, from emeralds to SpaceX and Tesla |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/elon-musk-birthday-ceo-tesla-b1874017.html |access-date=December 20, 2021 |work=The Independent |date=June 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034322/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/elon-musk-birthday-ceo-tesla-b1874017.html |archive-date=November 25, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Musk has a younger brother, [[Kimbal Musk|Kimbal]] (born 1972), and a younger sister, [[Tosca Musk|Tosca]] (born 1974).<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=The Musk of Romance|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/tosca-musk-romance-passionflix/|access-date=September 2, 2020|issn=1059-1028|archive-date=September 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902072608/https://www.wired.com/story/tosca-musk-romance-passionflix/|url-status=live}}</ref> His maternal grandfather, Joshua Haldeman, was an adventurous American-born Canadian who took his family on record-breaking journeys in a single-engine [[Bellanca]] airplane to Africa and Australia;<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Keating |first=Joseph C. Jr.|date=September 1995|title=Joshua N Haldeman, DC: the Canadian Years, 1926–1950|newspaper=The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association|pmc=2485067}}</ref><ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 26–30</ref> Musk has British and [[Pennsylvania Dutch]] ancestry.<ref name="sjmn20140411">{{cite news|last=Hall|first=Dana|date=April 11, 2014|title=Rocket Man: The otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk|newspaper=San Jose Mercury News|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25541126/rocket-man-otherworldy-ambitions-elon-musk|access-date=April 14, 2014|archive-date=April 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414070701/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25541126/rocket-man-otherworldy-ambitions-elon-musk|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Elliott|first=Hannah|date=March 26, 2012|title=At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/03/26/at-home-with-elon-musk-the-soon-to-be-bachelor-billionaire/|magazine=Forbes|access-date=May 30, 2015|archive-date=May 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527053447/http://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/03/26/at-home-with-elon-musk-the-soon-to-be-bachelor-billionaire/|url-status=live}}</ref> When Musk was a child, his [[adenoids]] were removed because doctors suspected that he was [[deaf]], but his mother later decided that he was thinking "in another world."<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 31–32</ref> The family was very wealthy in Elon's youth; Errol Musk once said, "We had so much money at times we couldn't even close our safe".<ref name="Smith" /> After his parents divorced in 1980, Musk mostly lived with his father in Pretoria and elsewhere,<ref name=sjmn20140411 /> a choice he made two years after the divorce and subsequently regretted.<ref name=rollingstone20171115 /> Musk has become estranged from his father, whom he describes as "a terrible human being... Almost every evil thing you could possibly think of, he has done."<ref name=rollingstone20171115 /> He has a half-sister and a half-brother on his father's side.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|last1=Hull|first1=Dana|last2=May|first2=Patrick|date=April 10, 2014|title=2014: Rocket Man: The otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk|newspaper=The Mercury News|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2014/04/10/2014-rocket-man-the-otherworldly-ambitions-of-elon-musk/|url-status=live|access-date=April 7, 2021|archive-date=September 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906062154/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25541126/rocket-man-otherworldy-ambitions-elon-musk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Crilly|title=Elon Musk's father has baby with step-daughter he has known since she was four|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/25/elon-musks-father-has-baby-step-daughter-has-known-since-four/|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=March 25, 2018|access-date=March 26, 2018|archive-date=April 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426231132/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/25/elon-musks-father-has-baby-step-daughter-has-known-since-four/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Elon attended an Anglican Sunday school in his youth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-interview-axel-springer-tesla-accelerate-advent-of-sustainable-energy|title=Elon Musk reveals Tesla's plan to be at the forefront of a self-driving-car revolution — and why he wants to be buried on Mars|website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Around age 10, Musk developed an interest in [[computing]] and [[video games]] and acquired a [[Commodore VIC-20]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Jeff|last=Grubb|url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/04/07/how-games-helped-make-elon-musk-the-real-life-tony-stark/|title=How games helped make Elon Musk the real-life Tony Stark|website=[[VentureBeat]] | location=San Francisco|date=April 7, 2015|access-date=January 12, 2019|archive-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329150554/https://venturebeat.com/2015/04/07/how-games-helped-make-elon-musk-the-real-life-tony-stark/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 38.</ref> He learned [[computer programming]] using a manual and, at age 12, sold the code of a [[BASIC]]-based video game he created called ''Blastar'' to ''PC and Office Technology'' magazine for approximately $500.<ref name="play">{{cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/6/9/8752333/elon-musk-blastar-pc-game|title=Play the PC game Elon Musk wrote as a pre-teen|last=O'Kane|first=Sean|date=June 9, 2015|work=[[The Verge]] | publisher=Vox|location=New York City|access-date=January 12, 2019|archive-date=February 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207202036/https://www.theverge.com/2015/6/9/8752333/elon-musk-blastar-pc-game|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[#Belfiore|Belfiore (2007)]], pp. 166–95.</ref> An awkward and introverted child,<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 33–34.</ref> Musk was bullied throughout his childhood and was once hospitalized after a group of boys threw him down a flight of stairs.<ref name=rollingstone20171115 /><ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 40–41.</ref> He attended [[Waterkloof House Preparatory School]] and [[Bryanston High School]] before graduating from [[Pretoria Boys High School]].<ref name="slate20191204">{{cite news |url=https://slate.com/technology/2019/12/elon-musk-trial-pedo-guy-diver-lawsuit.html|title=Elon Musk Says "Pedo Guy" Was a Common Insult in His Youth. We Checked With His Schoolmates. |last=Mak|first=Aaron|work=Slate|date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006045204/https://slate.com/technology/2019/12/elon-musk-trial-pedo-guy-diver-lawsuit.html|archive-date=October 6, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Education ===<br />
<br />
[[File:PBHS-facade.jpg|thumb|alt=An ornate school building|Musk graduated from [[Pretoria Boys High School]] in South Africa.]]<br />
Aware that it would be easier to enter the United States from Canada,<ref name="Esquire">{{cite web|url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a16681/elon-musk-interview-1212/|title=Elon Musk: Triumph of His Will|last=Junod|first=Tom|date=November 15, 2012|website=Esquire|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818171231/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a16681/elon-musk-interview-1212/|archive-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref> Musk applied for a Canadian passport through his Canadian-born mother.<ref name="arrived" /><ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 44.</ref> While awaiting the documentation, he attended the [[University of Pretoria]] for five months; this allowed him to avoid mandatory service in the [[South African Defence Force|South African military]].<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 43–44.</ref> Musk arrived in Canada in June 1989, and lived with a second cousin in [[Saskatchewan]] for a year,<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 45.</ref> working odd jobs at a farm and lumber-mill.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 46.</ref> In 1990, he entered [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] in [[Kingston, Ontario]].<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 46–47.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Locke|first=Taylor|date=December 20, 2019|title=Elon Musk's college pal: This is what 'differentiates Elon from the rest of humanity'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/20/elon-musks-college-friend-on-why-hes-different-from-everyone-else.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=January 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214162910/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/20/elon-musks-college-friend-on-why-hes-different-from-everyone-else.html|archive-date=December 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Two years later, he transferred to the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where he graduated in 1997 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in physics and a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in economics.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25541448/timeline-elon-musk-accomplishments|title=Timeline: Elon Musk's accomplishments|last=Hull|first=Dana|date=April 11, 2014|access-date=June 11, 2015|work=Mercury News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610102345/https://www.mercurynews.com/2014/04/10/timeline-elon-musks-accomplishments/|archive-date=June 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://csq.com/2013/01/elon-musk-patriarchs-and-prodigies/|title=Elon Musk: Patriarchs and Prodigies|year=2013|access-date=June 11, 2015|website=CSQ|publisher=C-Suite Quarterly|last=Zanerhaft|first=Jaron|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503210455/http://www.csq.com/2013/01/elon-musk-patriarchs-and-prodigies/|archive-date=May 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SpaceX, founded by Penn graduate Elon Musk, launches U.S. astronauts into space|url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2020/05/penn-elon-musk-space-x-rocket-launch|last=Meisenzahl|first=Elizabeth|website=thedp.com|access-date=June 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807065913/https://www.thedp.com/article/2020/05/penn-elon-musk-space-x-rocket-launch|archive-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1994, Musk held two internships in [[Silicon Valley]] during the summer: at energy storage startup Pinnacle Research Institute, which researched electrolytic [[ultracapacitor]]s for energy storage, and at the Palo Alto-based startup [[Rocket Science Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/09/how-internships-helped-elon-musk-figure-out-his-future.html|title=How internships helped Elon Musk figure out his future|website=[[CNBC]] | date=July 16, 2018|access-date=December 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228213526/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/09/how-internships-helped-elon-musk-figure-out-his-future.html|archive-date=December 28, 2019 }}</ref> In 1995, he was accepted to a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D.) program in [[materials science]] at [[Stanford University]] in California.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 368.</ref> Musk attempted to get a job at [[Netscape]] but never received a response to his inquiries.<ref name="arrived">{{cite news|last=Clifford|first=Catherine|date=June 12, 2018|title=Multi-billionaire Elon Musk: 'I arrived in North America at 17 with $2,000'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/telsas-elon-musk-tweets-he-arrived-in-north-america-at-17-with-2000.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=September 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802083529/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/telsas-elon-musk-tweets-he-arrived-in-north-america-at-17-with-2000.html|archive-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref> He dropped out of Stanford after two days, deciding instead to join the [[Internet boom]] and launch an Internet startup.<ref>{{cite news|last=Maidment|first=Paul|date=March 15, 2016|title=7 college dropouts who made millions|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/11/03/college-dropouts-who-made-millions.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515143817/https://www.cnbc.com/2014/11/03/college-dropouts-who-made-millions.html|archive-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Business career ==<br />
<br />
=== Zip2 ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|Zip2}}<br />
{{external media<br />
| width=210px<br />
| float=right<br />
| video1={{YouTube|link=no|id=e7Qh-vwpYH8|title=Musk speaks of his early business experience during a 2014 commencement speech at USC}}<br />
}}<br />
In 1995, Musk, his brother Kimbal, and Greg Kouri founded web software company [[Zip2]] with funds from [[angel investor]]s.<ref name="rollingstone20171115">{{cite news|last1=Strauss|first1=Neil|title=Elon Musk: The Architect of Tomorrow|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/elon-musk-inventors-plans-for-outer-space-cars-finding-love-w511747|access-date=November 15, 2017|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817165150/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/elon-musk-the-architect-of-tomorrow-120850/|archive-date=August 17, 2020}}</ref> They housed the venture at a small rented office in Palo Alto.<ref name="shower" /> The company developed and marketed an Internet city guide for the newspaper publishing industry, with maps, directions, and yellow pages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Entrepreneur of the Year, 2007: Elon Musk |date=December 1, 2007 |first=Max |last=Chafkin |work=Inc. |url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20071201/entrepreneur-of-the-year-elon-musk.html |access-date=February 22, 2022|archive-date=December 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228171523/http://www.inc.com/magazine/20071201/entrepreneur-of-the-year-elon-musk.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Musk says that before the company became successful, he could not afford an apartment and instead rented an office and slept on the couch and showered at the [[YMCA]], and shared one computer with his brother. When he and Kimbal could not agree on business decisions, they settled their differences through wrestling.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Fox|first=Emily Jane|date=October 21, 2015 |title=How Elon Musk's Mom (and her Twin Sister) Raised the First Family of Tech |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/10/elon-musk-family-maye-musk |access-date=March 24, 2022 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US}}</ref> According to Musk, "The website was up during the day and I was coding it at night, seven days a week, all the time."<ref name="shower" /> The Musk brothers obtained contracts with ''[[The New York Times]]'' and the ''[[Chicago Tribune]],''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zip2 Founder Launches 2nd Firm: Readies Financial Supersite. – Free Online Library|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Zip2+Founder+Launches+2nd+Firm:+Readies+Financial+Supersite.-a055603529|access-date=April 12, 2021|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412062317/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Zip2+Founder+Launches+2nd+Firm:+Readies+Financial+Supersite.-a055603529|url-status=live}}</ref> and persuaded the board of directors to abandon plans for a merger with [[CitySearch]].<ref>[[#Kidder|Kidder (2013)]], pp. 224–228.</ref> Musk's attempts to become CEO, a position held by its Chairman Rich Sorkin,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cooper|first=Charles|title=CitySearch, Zip2 to merge in $300&nbsp;million deal|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/citysearch-zip2-to-merge-in-300-million-deal/|access-date=March 25, 2021|website=ZDNet|archive-date=October 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027131824/https://www.zdnet.com/article/citysearch-zip2-to-merge-in-300-million-deal/|url-status=live}}</ref> were thwarted by the board.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 67.</ref> [[Compaq]] acquired Zip2 for $307&nbsp;million in cash in February 1999,<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 14.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/Compaq+buys+Zip2/2100-1023_3-221675.html |title=Compaq buys Zip2 |first=Sandeep |last=Junnarkar |website=CNET |date=February 16, 1999 |access-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021004422/http://news.cnet.com/Compaq+buys+Zip2/2100-1023_3-221675.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and Musk received $22&nbsp;million for his 7-percent share.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Hartmans|first=Matt Weinberger, Avery|title=How billionaire Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk went from getting bullied as a child to becoming one of the most successful and provocative men in tech|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-rise-of-elon-musk-2016-7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323155539/https://www.businessinsider.com/the-rise-of-elon-musk-2016-7|archive-date=March 23, 2020|access-date=April 3, 2020|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref name="Vance109">[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 109.</ref><br />
<br />
=== X.com and PayPal ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|X.com|PayPal|PayPal Mafia}}<br />
<br />
In 1999, Musk co-founded [[X.com]], an online financial services and [[e-mail]] payment company.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 78.</ref> The startup was one of the first [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|federally insured]] online banks, and, in its initial months of operation, over 200,000 customers joined the service.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 84.</ref> The company's investors regarded Musk as inexperienced and had him replaced with [[Intuit]] CEO Bill Harris by the end of the year.<ref name="vance86">[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 86.</ref> The following year, X.com merged with online bank [[Confinity]] to avoid competition.<ref name="shower">{{cite news|last=Huddlestone |first=Tom Jr.|date=June 19, 2018|title=Elon Musk slept on his office couch and 'showered at the YMCA' while starting his first company|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/19/how-elon-musk-founded-zip2-with-his-brother-kimbal.html|work= CNBC|access-date=September 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818205314/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/19/how-elon-musk-founded-zip2-with-his-brother-kimbal.html|archive-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref><ref name="vance86" /><ref>[[#Jackson|Jackson (2004)]], pp. 40, 69, 130, 163.</ref> Founded by [[Max Levchin]] and [[Peter Thiel]],<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 85.</ref> Confinity had its own money-transfer service, [[PayPal#History|PayPal]], which was more popular than X.com's service.<ref name=":10" /><ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 85–86.</ref> Within the merged company, Musk returned as CEO. Musk's preference for [[Microsoft]] software over [[Linux]] created a rift in the company and caused Thiel to resign.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 86–87.</ref> Due to resulting technological issues and lack of a cohesive business model, the board ousted Musk and replaced him with Thiel in September 2000.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 87–88.</ref>{{efn|group=note|Musk remained on the board and served as an advisor.<ref>{{cite web |title=The PayPal Mafia |url=http://fortune.com/2007/11/13/paypal-mafia/ |website=Fortune |access-date=July 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523114437/http://fortune.com/2007/11/13/paypal-mafia/|archive-date=May 23, 2017}}</ref><ref name="vance89">[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 89.</ref>}} Under Thiel, the company focused on the PayPal service and was renamed PayPal in 2001.<ref name="vance89" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/86432398-4897-11e4-9d04-00144feab7de|title=Timeline: The rise of PayPal|newspaper=Financial Times|date=September 30, 2014|access-date=April 3, 2020|archive-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622163106/https://www.ft.com/content/86432398-4897-11e4-9d04-00144feab7de|url-status=live|last1=Odell|first1=Mark}}</ref> In 2002, PayPal was acquired by [[eBay]] for $1.5&nbsp;billion in stock, of which Musk—the largest [[shareholder]] with 11.72% of shares—received $175.8 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103415/000091205702009834/a2073071z10-k405.htm |publisher=PayPal |title=SEC 10-K |date=December 31, 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825231531/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103415/000091205702009834/a2073071z10-k405.htm|archive-date=August 25, 2020}}</ref><ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 116.</ref><br />
<br />
In 2017, Musk purchased the domain X.com from PayPal for an undisclosed amount, explaining it has sentimental value.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/1026167/elon-musk-just-bought-x-com-the-domain-he-once-owned-from-paypal/|title=Elon Musk bought a web domain worth millions with "sentimental value" to him|last=Huang|first=Echo|website=Quartz|access-date=April 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625174509/https://qz.com/1026167/elon-musk-just-bought-x-com-the-domain-he-once-owned-from-paypal/|archive-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Statt|first=Nick|date=July 10, 2017|title=Elon Musk now owns X.com, the defunct domain of his second startup|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/10/15949862/elon-musk-x-com-paypal-tesla-spacex-domain-name|work=[[The Verge]] | access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625193958/https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/10/15949862/elon-musk-x-com-paypal-tesla-spacex-domain-name|archive-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== SpaceX ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|SpaceX}}<br />
[[File:SpaceX CEO Elon Musk visits N&NC and AFSPC (190416-F-ZZ999-006) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Musk, dressed in a suit, holds a metal model of the Starship|Musk explains the planned capabilities of [[SpaceX Starship]] to [[North American Aerospace Defense Command|NORAD]] and [[Air Force Space Command]] in 2019]]<br />
In 2001, Musk became involved with the nonprofit [[Mars Society]]. He was inspired by plans to place a growth-chamber for plants on [[Mars]] and discussed funding the project himself.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 99, 102—103.</ref> In October 2001, Musk traveled to [[Moscow]] with [[Jim Cantrell]] and [[Michael D. Griffin|Mike Griffin]] to buy refurbished [[Intercontinental ballistic missile]]s (ICBMs) that could send the greenhouse payloads into space. He met with companies [[NPO Lavochkin]] and [[Kosmotras]]; however, Musk was seen as a novice and was even spat on by one of the Russian chief designers. The group returned to the United States empty-handed. In February 2002, the group returned to Russia to look for three ICBMs. They had another meeting with Kosmotras and were offered one rocket for $8&nbsp;million, which Musk rejected. Musk instead decided to start a company that could build affordable rockets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-elon-musk-spacex/ |title=Elon Musk's space dream almost killed Tesla |date=May 14, 2015 |access-date=June 7, 2015 |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]L.P. |last=Vance |first=Ashlee |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223011256/https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-elon-musk-spacex/ |url-status=live }}</ref> With $100&nbsp;million of his early fortune,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/business/yourmoney/05rocket.html |title=A Bold Plan to Go Where Men Have Gone Before |date=February 5, 2006 |first=Leslie |last=Wayne |work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=February 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412130718/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/business/yourmoney/a-bold-plan-to-go-where-men-have-gone-before.html|archive-date=April 12, 2020}}</ref> Musk founded Space Exploration Technologies Corp., traded as [[SpaceX]], in May 2002.<ref>{{citation |title=California Business Search (C2414622 – Space Exploration Technologies Corp) |url=https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/ |access-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-date=February 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223134214/https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2021, he remains the company's CEO and also holds the title of Chief Engineer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Koren |first1=Marina |title=Elon Musk Is Maybe, Actually, Strangely, Going to Do This Mars Thing |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/05/elon-musk-spacex-starship-launch/618781/ |work=The Atlantic |date=May 6, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
SpaceX attempted its first launch of the [[Falcon 1]] rocket in 2006,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Berger |first=Eric |title=Liftoff |publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]] | year=2021|isbn=978-0-06-297997-1|pages=178–182}}</ref> and although the rocket failed to reach [[Geocentric orbit|Earth orbit]], it was awarded a [[Commercial Orbital Transportation Services]] program contract from [[NASA]] later that year.<ref>{{cite press release |last1=Dunbar |first1=Brian |title=NASA Invests in Private Sector Space Flight with SpaceX, Rocketplane-Kistler |url=https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/news/COTS_selection.html |access-date=December 2, 2021 |work=www.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> After two more failed attempts, which reportedly caused Musk so much stress that he was "waking from nightmares, screaming and in physical pain,"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berger|first=Eric|title=Liftoff|publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]] | year=2021|isbn=978-0-06-297997-1|page=216}}</ref> SpaceX succeeded in launching the Falcon 1 into orbit in 2008, making it the first private liquid-fuel rocket to do so.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ledur|first=Júlia|date=May 1, 2019|title=Falcon Flights|url=https://graphics.reuters.com/SPACE-EXPLORATION-SPACEX/010091Q82NF/index.html|work=[[Reuters]] | access-date=February 10, 2021|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210212334/https://graphics.reuters.com/SPACE-EXPLORATION-SPACEX/010091Q82NF/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that year, SpaceX received a $1.6&nbsp;billion [[Commercial Resupply Services]] program contract from [[NASA]] for 12 flights of its [[Falcon 9]] rocket and [[SpaceX Dragon|Dragon spacecraft]] to the [[International Space Station]], replacing the [[Space Shuttle]] after its 2011 retirement.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|date=May 22, 2012|title=Big Day for a Space Entrepreneur Promising More|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/23/science/space/spacexs-private-cargo-rocket-heads-to-space-station.html|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=January 11, 2021|archive-date=July 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701083413/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/23/science/space/spacexs-private-cargo-rocket-heads-to-space-station.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, the Dragon vehicle berthed [[Dragon C2+|with the ISS]], a first for a private enterprise.<ref>{{cite news|last=Harwood|first=William|title=SpaceX Dragon returns to Earth, ends historic trip|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57444590/spacex-dragon-returns-to-earth-ends-historic-trip/?tag=cbsnewsSectionContent.10|work=CBS News|access-date=August 3, 2013|date=May 31, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422175931/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-dragon-returns-to-earth-ends-historic-trip/|archive-date=April 22, 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Working towards its goal of [[SpaceX reusable launch system development program|reusable rockets]], in 2015, SpaceX successfully landed the first stage of a Falcon 9.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35157782 |title=SpaceX rocket in historic upright landing |work=[[BBC News]] | date=December 22, 2015 |access-date=June 30, 2016 |archive-date=August 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831131922/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35157782 |url-status=live }}</ref> Landings were later achieved on an [[autonomous spaceport drone ship]], an ocean-based recovery platform.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Sean|last=O'Kane|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/27/11787532/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-landing-success-sea-drone-ship|title=SpaceX successfully lands a Falcon 9 rocket at sea for the third time|website=[[The Verge]] | publisher=Vox Media|location=New York City|date=May 27, 2016|access-date=June 30, 2016|archive-date=June 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627232003/http://www.theverge.com/2016/5/27/11787532/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-landing-success-sea-drone-ship|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, SpaceX launched the [[Falcon Heavy]]; the [[Falcon Heavy Test Flight|inaugural mission]] carried Musk's personal [[Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster|Tesla Roadster]] as a [[boilerplate (spaceflight)|dummy payload]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Drake|first=Nadia|date=February 25, 2018|title=Elon Musk's Tesla in Space Could Crash Into Earth|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/02/spacex-falcon-heavy-tesla-roadster-orbit-earth-sun-space/|work=National Geographic|access-date=February 10, 2021|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210212336/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/02/spacex-falcon-heavy-tesla-roadster-orbit-earth-sun-space/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chow|first=Denise|date=November 6, 2019|title='Starman' and the Tesla Roadster that SpaceX launched into orbit have now cruised beyond Mars|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/starman-tesla-roadster-spacex-launched-orbit-have-now-cruised-beyond-ncna931731|work=[[NBC News]] | access-date=February 10, 2021|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210212335/https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/starman-tesla-roadster-spacex-launched-orbit-have-now-cruised-beyond-ncna931731|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, SpaceX unveiled its next-generation launch vehicle and spacecraft system, Big Falcon Rocket, later renamed to [[SpaceX Starship|Starship]], which would support all SpaceX [[launch service provider]] capabilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOpMrVnjYeY&t=29s|title=Starship Update|website=[[YouTube]] | date=September 28, 2019|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=December 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213212731/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOpMrVnjYeY&t=29s|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, SpaceX announced a planned 2023 lunar circumnavigation mission, a private flight called ''[[dearMoon project]]''.<ref name="wired20180918">{{Cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/story/spacex-will-send-yusaku-maezawa-and-artists-to-the-moon/ |title=Elon Musk Says SpaceX Will Send Yusaku Maezawa (and Artists!) to the Moon |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=September 18, 2018 |access-date=May 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716034529/https://www.wired.com/story/spacex-will-send-yusaku-maezawa-and-artists-to-the-moon/ |archive-date=July 16, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, SpaceX launched its first crewed flight, the [[Crew Dragon Demo-2|Demo-2]], becoming the first private company to place a person into orbit and dock a crewed spacecraft with the ISS.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SpaceX and NASA launch Crew Dragon in Florida: Live updates|url=https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/spacex-launch-today-may-30/index.html|last=Wattles|first=Jackie|date=May 30, 2020|work=[[CNN]] | access-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829112802/https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/spacex-launch-today-may-30/index.html|archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
SpaceX began development of the [[Starlink]] constellation of low Earth orbit satellites in 2015 to provide [[satellite Internet access]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Eric M.|last2=Roulette|first2=Joey|date=October 31, 2018|title=Musk shakes up SpaceX in race to make satellite launch window: sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spacex-starlink-insight/musk-shakes-up-spacex-in-race-to-make-satellite-launch-window-sources-idUSKCN1N50FC|work=[[Reuters]] | access-date=March 28, 2021|archive-date=May 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518170500/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spacex-starlink-insight/musk-shakes-up-spacex-in-race-to-make-satellite-launch-window-sources-idUSKCN1N50FC|url-status=live}}</ref> with the first two prototype satellites launched in February 2018. A second set of test satellites and the first large deployment of a piece of the constellation occurred in May 2019, when the first 60 operational satellites were launched.<ref name="NYT-20190601">{{cite news|last=Hall|first=Shannon|title=After SpaceX Starlink Launch, a Fear of Satellites That Outnumber All Visible Stars – Images of the Starlink constellation in orbit have rattled astronomers around the world|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/01/science/starlink-spacex-astronomers.html|date=June 1, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=June 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821011421/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/01/science/starlink-spacex-astronomers.html|archive-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> The total cost of the decade-long project to design, build, and deploy the constellation is estimated by SpaceX to be about $10&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shepardson|first1=David|last2=Roulette|first2=Joey|date=July 30, 2020|title=Taking on SpaceX, Amazon to invest $10 billion in satellite broadband plan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-amazon-broadband/taking-on-spacex-amazon-to-invest-10-billion-in-satellite-broadband-plan-idUSKCN24V3F2|work=[[Reuters]] | access-date=January 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107200559/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-amazon-broadband/taking-on-spacex-amazon-to-invest-10-billion-in-satellite-broadband-plan-idUSKCN24V3F2|archive-date=January 7, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|group=note|SpaceX received nearly $900&nbsp;million in [[Federal Communications Commission]] subsidies for Starlink.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sheetz|first=Michael|date=December 7, 2020|title=SpaceX's Starlink wins nearly $900&nbsp;million in FCC subsidies to bring internet to rural areas|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/07/spacex-starlink-wins-nearly-900-million-in-fcc-subsidies-auction.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=January 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216185501/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/07/spacex-starlink-wins-nearly-900-million-in-fcc-subsidies-auction.html|archive-date=December 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wattles|first=Jackie|date=December 8, 2020|title=SpaceX gets almost $900&nbsp;million in federal subsidies to deliver broadband to rural America|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/08/tech/spacex-starlink-subsidies-fcc-scn/index.html|work=[[CNN]] | access-date=January 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218204918/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/08/tech/spacex-starlink-subsidies-fcc-scn/index.html|archive-date=December 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
The company has attracted [[Starlink#Impact on astronomy|criticism]] from astronomers who say Starlink's satellites are [[Satellite flare|blocking the view]] of the skies, and from experts arguing that they risk colliding and causing dangers in space.<ref name="Griffin 2021">{{cite web | last=Griffin | first=Andrew | title=Elon Musk rejects criticism that his satellite fleet is dangerous | website=The Independent | date=December 30, 2021 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/elon-musk-spacex-starlink-nasa-b1984423.html | access-date=December 31, 2021}}</ref><ref name="BBC News 2021">{{cite web | title=Elon Musk rejects claims that his satellites are hogging space | website=BBC News | date=December 30, 2021 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-59824404 | access-date=December 31, 2021}}</ref> Musk rejected the criticism, stating that the impact of satellites is "nothing" and that "space is just extremely enormous, and satellites are very tiny."<ref name="Griffin 2021" /><br />
<br />
=== Tesla ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|Tesla, Inc.}}<br />
[[File:Elon Musk, Tesla Factory, Fremont (CA, USA) (8765031426).jpg|alt=Musks stands, arms crossed and grinning, before a Tesla Model S|thumb|Musk next to a [[Tesla Model S]] at the [[Tesla Fremont Factory]] in 2011|right]]<br />
Tesla, Inc.—originally Tesla Motors—was incorporated in July 2003 by [[Martin Eberhard]] and [[Marc Tarpenning]], who financed the company until the [[Series A round]] of funding.<ref>{{cite news|last=Burns |first=Matt|url=https://techcrunch.com/gallery/a-brief-history-of-tesla |title=A Brief History of Tesla |date=October 8, 2014 |access-date=June 11, 2015|work=TechCrunch|archive-date=March 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306225331/https://techcrunch.com/gallery/a-brief-history-of-tesla/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both men played active roles in the company's early development prior to Musk's involvement.<ref name="From Archive.org-7620615">{{cite web |url=http://www.marketbusinessnews.com/tesla-motors/12064 |title=Tesla Motors Inc. – Company Information |publisher=Market Business News |date=February 12, 2014 |access-date=April 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212093533/http://www.marketbusinessnews.com/tesla-motors/12064 |archive-date=February 12, 2014 |url-status=dead |first=Joseph |last=Nordqvist}}</ref> Musk led the Series A round of investment in February 2004; he invested $6.5 million, became the majority shareholder, and joined Tesla's board of directors as chairman.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 153–154.</ref><ref name="TechCrunchBriefHistory">{{Cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/gallery/a-brief-history-of-tesla/ |title=A Brief History of Tesla |date=October 8, 2014 |access-date=July 17, 2015 |work=TechCrunch|last=Burns |first=Matt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717064829/https://techcrunch.com/gallery/a-brief-history-of-tesla/#/slide2 |archive-date=July 17, 2015 |quote="Tesla was founded not by Elon Musk, but rather by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in July 2003. The two bootstrapped the fledgling auto company until Elon Musk led the company's US$7.5&nbsp;million Series A financing round in February 2004."}}</ref> Musk took an active role within the company and oversaw [[Tesla Roadster (2008)|Roadster]] product design but was not deeply involved in day-to-day business operations.<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 159.</ref> Following a series of escalating conflicts in 2007 and the [[Financial crisis of 2007–2008|2008 financial crisis]], Eberhard was ousted from the firm.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Quirky: The remarkable story of the traits, foibles, and genius of breakthrough innovators who changed the world|last=Schilling|first=Melissa|publisher=PublicAffairs|year=2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Morrison |date=October 15, 2008 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/external/venturebeat/2008/10/15/15venturebeat-elon-musk-steps-in-as-ceo-at-tesla-lays-off-99182.html |title=Musk steps in as CEO |work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204120521/http://www.nytimes.com/external/venturebeat/2008/10/15/15venturebeat-elon-musk-steps-in-as-ceo-at-tesla-lays-off-99182.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Musk assumed leadership of the company as CEO and product architect in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 13, 2020|title=Elon Musk: The Story of a Maverick|url=https://interestingengineering.com/elon-musk-the-story-of-a-maverick|access-date=April 3, 2021|website=interestingengineering.com|archive-date=March 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316052411/https://interestingengineering.com/elon-musk-the-story-of-a-maverick|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2009 lawsuit settlement with Eberhard designated Musk as a Tesla co-founder, along with Tarpenning and two others.<ref name=CNET>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/tesla-motors-founders-now-there-are-five/ |title=Tesla Motors founders: Now there are five|last=LaMonica|first=Martin |website=CNET|date=September 2009|access-date=April 17, 2020|quote=Tesla Motors and co-founder Martin Eberhard announced an agreement over who can claim to be a founder of the company on Monday.}}</ref><ref name=FastCompany>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1367866/tesla-lawsuit-drama-ends-five-company-founders-emerge|title=Tesla Lawsuit Drama Ends as Five Company Founders Emerge |last=Schwartz |first=Ariel |date=September 21, 2009|website=Fast Company|access-date=April 14, 2020|quote=Eberhard and Musk have reached a rather unexpected resolution–instead of agreeing to share the title of "founder", the pair has designated five people as company founders, including Musk, Eberhard, JB Straubel, Mark Tarpenning, and Ian Wright.}}</ref> As of 2019, Elon Musk was the longest tenured CEO of any automotive manufacturer globally.<ref name="auto6">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/industry-shift-four-departures-longest-190424759.html|title=Industry Shift: With Four Departures This Year, Who Is The Longest-Tenured Automotive CEO?|first=Dave|last=Royse|website=Yahoo|date= July 8, 2019}}</ref> In 2021, Musk nominally changed his title to Technoking while retaining his position as CEO.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shead|first=Sam|date=March 15, 2021|title=Elon Musk has officially been made the 'Technoking of Tesla'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/15/elon-musk-officially-made-the-technoking-of-tesla.html|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Tesla first built an electric sports car, the Roadster, in 2008. With sales of about 2,500 vehicles, it was the first [[serial production]] all-electric car to use [[lithium-ion battery]] cells.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Kevin A.|date=March 15, 2018|title=Worth the Watt: A Brief History of the Electric Car, 1830 to Present|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g15378765/worth-the-watt-a-brief-history-of-the-electric-car-1830-to-present|access-date=March 30, 2021|website=Car and Driver|archive-date=March 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317062346/https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g15378765/worth-the-watt-a-brief-history-of-the-electric-car-1830-to-present/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tesla began delivery of its four-door [[Tesla Model S|Model&nbsp;S]] sedan in 2012;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_20919722/silicon-valley-milestone-tesla-motors-begins-delivering-model?refresh=no |title=In a Silicon Valley milestone, Tesla Motors begins delivering Model S electric cars |first=John |last=Boudreau |work=[[San Jose Mercury News]] | date=June 22, 2012 |access-date=June 22, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124040454/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_20919722/silicon-valley-milestone-tesla-motors-begins-delivering-model?refresh=no |url-status=live }}</ref> a cross-over, the [[Tesla Model X|Model X]] was launched in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/30/tesla-model-x-electric-car-launch-falcon-wings-suv |title=Tesla's Model X electric car spreads falcon wings at U.S. launch |last=Ruddick |first=Graham |website=[[The Guardian]] | date=September 30, 2015 |access-date=November 4, 2015 |archive-date=June 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602175211/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/30/tesla-model-x-electric-car-launch-falcon-wings-suv |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2015/03/19/tesla-model-x |title=Tesla Model X: Not a model launch |website=Fortune |access-date=November 4, 2015 |archive-date=November 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112072458/http://fortune.com/2015/03/19/tesla-model-x/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A mass market sedan, the [[Tesla Model 3|Model 3]], was released in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vlasic|first=Bill|date=July 29, 2017|title=In Pivotal Moment, Tesla Unveils Its First Mass-Market Sedan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/29/business/tesla-model-3-elon-musk.html|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209235116/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/29/business/tesla-model-3-elon-musk.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gibbs|first=Samuel|date=July 31, 2017|title=Tesla Model 3 doesn't have a key – and seven other things we learned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/31/tesla-model-3-electric-car-doesnt-have-key-things-we-learned-speedometer-battery-sleep|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209235345/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/31/tesla-model-3-electric-car-doesnt-have-key-things-we-learned-speedometer-battery-sleep|url-status=live}}</ref> The Model 3 is the all-time best-selling plug-in electric car worldwide, and, in June 2021, became the first electric car to sell 1&nbsp;million units globally.<ref name=1miModel3>{{cite web|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2021/08/26/tesla-model-3-has-passed-1-million-sales/ |title=Tesla Model 3 Has Passed 1 Million Sales |first=Zachary |last=Shahan |publisher=CleanTechnica |date=August 26, 2021 |access-date=August 26, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Model3TopEV">{{cite news |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2020/03/10/tesla-passes-1-million-ev-milestone-and-model-3-becomes-all-time-best-seller/ |title=Tesla Passes 1 Million EV Milestone & Model 3 Becomes All Time Best Seller |first=Maximilian |last=Holland |website=CleanTechnica |date=March 10, 2020 |access-date=April 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412045911/https://cleantechnica.com/2020/03/10/tesla-passes-1-million-ev-milestone-and-model-3-becomes-all-time-best-seller/ |archive-date=April 12, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> A fifth vehicle, the [[Tesla Model Y|Model Y]] crossover, was launched in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=O'Kane|first=Sean|date=March 16, 2020|title=Tesla Model Y deliveries begin in the US|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/16/21182033/tesla-model-y-suv-us-deliveries-begin-price-range|work=[[The Verge]] | access-date=February 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145544/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/16/21182033/tesla-model-y-suv-us-deliveries-begin-price-range|archive-date=March 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Tesla Cybertruck|Cybertruck]], an all-electric pickup truck, was unveiled in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Huddleston|first=Tom Jr.|date=November 22, 2019|title=This is the James Bond sports car Elon Musk bought for nearly $1&nbsp;million that inspired Tesla Cybertruck|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/22/james-bond-lotus-sports-car-elon-musk-bought-inspired-tesla-cybertruck.html|access-date=September 19, 2020|website=[[CNBC]] | archive-date=November 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127225950/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/22/james-bond-lotus-sports-car-elon-musk-bought-inspired-tesla-cybertruck.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Under Musk, Tesla has also constructed multiple lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle factories, such as [[Gigafactory 1]] in Nevada, [[Gigafactory 3]] in China, [[Gigafactory 4]] in Germany and [[Gigafactory 5]] in Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/526126/does-musks-gigafactory-make-sense/|title=Does Musk's Gigafactory Make Sense?|date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2019|archive-date=December 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213213443/https://www.technologyreview.com/2014/04/14/173399/does-musks-gigafactory-make-sense/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2016/07/27/inside-teslas-gigafactory-a-crazy-idea-takes-shape-in-nevada/#72b566f94d9b|title=Inside Tesla's Gigafactory: A Crazy Idea Takes Shape In Nevada|website=[[Forbes]] | date=July 27, 2016|access-date=December 7, 2019|archive-date=December 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228142401/https://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2016/07/27/inside-teslas-gigafactory-a-crazy-idea-takes-shape-in-nevada/#72b566f94d9b|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/teslas-musk-shanghai-factory-breaking-ground-60204858|title=Tesla's Musk says Shanghai factory breaking ground|agency=ABC news|date=January 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803133155/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/teslas-musk-shanghai-factory-breaking-ground-60204858|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Carlson |first1=Kara |title=Inside Elon's big, weird Austin party: Music, robots — and even a petting zoo |url=https://www.statesman.com/story/business/2022/04/07/tesla-fans-show-up-cyber-rodeo-celebration-austin/9504356002/ |access-date=9 April 2022 |publisher=Austin American-Statesman |date=7 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/tesla-opens-giga-berlin-factory-in-germany/av-61210668|title=Tesla opens Giga Berlin factory in Germany|website=dw.com|date=March 22, 2022|language=en|access-date=March 22, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:2019-06-11-tesla-shareholder-meeting-elon-musk.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Musk at the 2019 [[Tesla Inc.|Tesla]] annual shareholder meeting]]<br />
Since its [[initial public offering]] in 2010,<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=June 28, 2010|title=With First Share Offering, Tesla Bets on Electric Car's Future|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/28/business/28tesla.html|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000410/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/28/business/28tesla.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tesla stock has risen significantly; it became the most valuable carmaker in summer 2020,<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|date=July 1, 2020|title=Tesla overtakes Toyota to become world's most valuable carmaker|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53257933|work=[[BBC News]] | access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000414/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53257933|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Boudette|first=Neal E.|date=July 2, 2020|title=Tesla Shines During the Pandemic as Other Automakers Struggle|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/02/business/tesla-sales-second-quarter.html|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000501/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/02/business/tesla-sales-second-quarter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and it entered the [[S&P 500]] later that year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Li|first=Yun|date=December 20, 2021|title=Tesla shares fall 6% as it enters the S&P 500 with 1.69% weighting, fifth largest|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/20/tesla-enters-the-sp-500-with-1point69percent-weighting-in-the-benchmark-fifth-largest.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000314/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/20/tesla-enters-the-sp-500-with-1point69percent-weighting-in-the-benchmark-fifth-largest.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=December 21, 2020|title=Tesla Stock Joins the S&P 500: A Game Changer|url=https://www.wsj.com/graphics/tesla-stock-joins-the-sp500/|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000316/https://www.wsj.com/graphics/tesla-stock-joins-the-sp500/|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2021 it reached a market capitalization of $1 trillion, the sixth company to do so in U.S. history.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Chris Isidore|title=Tesla is now worth more than $1trillion|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/25/investing/tesla-stock-trillion-dollar-market-cap/index.html|access-date=November 14, 2021|website=CNN}}</ref> On November 6, 2021, Musk proposed on [[Twitter]] selling 10% of his Tesla stock, since "much is made lately of unrealized gains being a means of tax avoidance".<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elon Musk Twitter profile|url=https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1457064697782489088|url-status=live|access-date=November 14, 2021|website=Twitter|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106192343/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1457064697782489088 |archive-date=November 6, 2021 }}</ref> After more than 3.5 million Twitter accounts supported the sale, Musk sold $6.9&nbsp;billion of Tesla stock in the week ending November 12,<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|last=Haselton|first=Todd|date=November 13, 2021|title=Elon Musk sold about $6.9 billion in Tesla stock this week|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/13/elon-musk-sells-another-1point2-billion-of-tesla-stock.html|access-date=November 15, 2021|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> and a total of $16.4&nbsp;billion by year end, reaching the 10% target.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Tesla's Musk exercises all of his stock options expiring next year| url=https://www.reuters.com/business/teslas-musk-completes-option-related-sales-plan-filing-2021-12-29/| last=Jin| first=Hyunjoo| website=Reuters| date=December 30, 2021| language=en}}</ref> In February 2022, ''The Wall Street Journal'' reported that both Elon and Kimbal Musk were under investigation by the SEC for possible insider trading related to the sale.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Michaels |first=Dave |date=February 24, 2022 |title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} SEC Probes Trading by Elon Musk and Brother in Wake of Tesla CEO's Sales |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/sec-probes-trading-by-elon-musk-and-brother-in-wake-of-tesla-ceos-sales-11645730528 |access-date=March 3, 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== SEC lawsuit ====<br />
<br />
In September 2018, Musk was [[Tesla, Inc.#Ongoing lawsuits|sued]] by the SEC<ref>{{Cite web|title=SEC.gov {{!}} Elon Musk Charged With Securities Fraud for Misleading Tweets|url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-219|access-date=February 1, 2022|website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> for a [[Twitter#Tweets|tweet]] claiming funding had been secured for potentially taking Tesla [[Privately held company|private]].<ref name="Goldstein_27-9-18" />{{efn|group=note|Musk stated he was considering taking Tesla private at a price of $420 a share, an alleged reference to [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhury|first=Saheli Roy|date=September 28, 2018|title=SEC says Musk chose $420 price for Tesla shares because it's a pot reference|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/28/sec-says-elon-musk-at-tesla-chose-420-price-as-pot-reference.html|access-date=September 17, 2020|website=[[CNBC]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006010407/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/28/sec-says-elon-musk-at-tesla-chose-420-price-as-pot-reference.html|archive-date=October 6, 2020}}</ref> Members of Tesla's board and rapper [[Azealia Banks]] alleged that Musk may have been under the influence of recreational drugs when he wrote the tweet.<ref>{{cite news|last=Swisher|first=Kara|date=August 23, 2018|title=How and Why Silicon Valley Gets High|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/23/opinion/elon-musk-burning-man-drugs-lsd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824014428/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/23/opinion/elon-musk-burning-man-drugs-lsd.html |archive-date=August 24, 2018 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=May 11, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Woodyard|first=Chris|date=August 30, 2018|title=Elon Musk's tweet on taking Tesla private now dogged by drugs claim from rapper Azealia Banks|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2018/08/22/elon-musks-tweet-taking-tesla-private-now-dogged-drugs-claims-rapper-azealia-banks/1057815002/|work=USA Today|access-date=May 11, 2021}}</ref>}} The lawsuit characterized the tweet as false, misleading, and damaging to investors, and sought to bar Musk from serving as CEO of [[Public company|publicly traded companies]].<ref name="Goldstein_27-9-18">{{cite news |last=Goldstein|first=Matthew|title=S.E.C. Sues Tesla's Elon Musk for Fraud and Seeks to Bar Him From Running a Public Company |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/27/business/elon-musk-sec-lawsuit-tesla.html|access-date=September 27, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]] | date=September 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623023744/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/27/business/elon-musk-sec-lawsuit-tesla.html|archive-date=June 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Patnaik|first1=Subrat|last2=Kalia|first2=Shubham|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-musk-factbox/factbox-funding-secured-sec-gives-timeline-surrounding-tweet-from-teslas-musk-idUSKCN1M8139|title=Factbox – 'Funding secured': SEC gives timeline surrounding tweet from Tesla's Musk|work=[[Reuters]] | date=September 28, 2018|access-date=November 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123175743/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-musk-factbox/factbox-funding-secured-sec-gives-timeline-surrounding-tweet-from-teslas-musk-idUSKCN1M8139|archive-date=November 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name="OkaneLopatto18">{{cite news |last1=O'Kane|first1=Sean|last2=Lopatto|first2=Elizabeth|title=Elon Musk sued by SEC for securities fraud |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/27/17911428/sec-lawsuit-elon-musk-tesla-funding-tweet|access-date=September 27, 2018 |work=[[The Verge]] | date=September 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730025451/https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/27/17911428/sec-lawsuit-elon-musk-tesla-funding-tweet|archive-date=July 30, 2020}}</ref> Two days later, Musk settled with the SEC, without admitting or denying the SEC's allegations. As a result, Musk and Tesla were fined $20&nbsp;million each, and Musk was forced to step down for three years as Tesla chairman but was able to remain as CEO.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/29/17918252/elon-musk-tesla-sec-securities-fraud-lawsuit-settlement-fine-penalty|title=Elon Musk forced to step down as chairman of Tesla, remains CEO|work=[[The Verge]] | access-date=September 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527131445/https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/29/17918252/elon-musk-tesla-sec-securities-fraud-lawsuit-settlement-fine-penalty|archive-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SEC.gov {{!}} Elon Musk Settles SEC Fraud Charges; Tesla Charged With and Resolves Securities Law Charge|url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-226|access-date=February 1, 2022|website=www.sec.gov}}</ref><br />
<br />
Musk has stated in interviews he does not regret posting the tweet that triggered the SEC investigation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-musk-tweet-idUSKCN1N10K2|title=Tesla's Elon Musk says tweet that led to $20&nbsp;million fine 'Worth It'|date=October 27, 2018|work=[[Reuters]] | access-date=December 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522093710/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-musk-tweet-idUSKCN1N10K2|archive-date=May 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Youn|first1=Soo|last2=Katersky|first2=Aaron|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/elon-musk-commits-sec-settlement-mocking-tweets/story?id=58437587|title=Elon Musk commits to SEC settlement despite mocking tweets|date=October 11, 2018|work=ABC News|access-date=October 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023054443/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/elon-musk-commits-sec-settlement-mocking-tweets/story?id=58437587|archive-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref> On February 19, 2019, Musk stated in a tweet that Tesla would build half a&nbsp;million cars in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2019/02/25/elon-musks-tesla-tweet-puts-ceo-role-at-risk-again/|title=Elon Musk's Tesla Tweet Puts CEO Role At Risk Again|last=Ohnsman|first=Alan|website=Forbes|access-date=February 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528012956/https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2019/02/25/elon-musks-tesla-tweet-puts-ceo-role-at-risk-again/|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> The SEC reacted to Musk's tweet by filing in court, initially asking the court to hold him in contempt for violating the terms of a settlement agreement with such a tweet, which was disputed by Musk. This was eventually settled by a joint agreement between Musk and the SEC clarifying the previous agreement details.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/26/tech/elon-musk-sec-settlement/index.html|title=Elon Musk and SEC reach an agreement over tweeting|first=Jackie|last=Wattles|website=[[CNN]] Business|access-date=July 16, 2019|date=April 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608013859/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/26/tech/elon-musk-sec-settlement/index.html|archive-date=June 8, 2020}}</ref> The agreement included a list of topics that Musk would need preclearance before tweeting about.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-sec-settlement-list-51556317578?mod=article_inline|title=Tesla CEO Elon Musk Gets a Long Do-Not-Tweet List From the SEC|last1=Marino-Nachison|first1=David|date=April 26, 2019|work=Barrons|access-date=November 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122145614/https://www.barrons.com/articles/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-sec-settlement-list-51556317578?mod=article_inline|archive-date=January 22, 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, a judge prevented a lawsuit from proceeding that claimed a tweet by Musk regarding Tesla stock price ("too high [[List of acronyms: I#IMO|imo]]") violated the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bursztynsky|first=Jessica|date=May 1, 2020|title=Tesla shares tank after Elon Musk tweets the stock price is 'too high'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/01/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-says-stock-price-is-too-high-shares-fall.html|access-date=June 14, 2020|website=[[CNBC]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818102755/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/01/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-says-stock-price-is-too-high-shares-fall.html|archive-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 20, 2020|title=Court Rules That No One Can Stop Elon Musk From Tweeting Tesla News—For Now|url=https://observer.com/2020/05/tesla-shareholder-lawsuit-stop-elon-musk-tweeting-on-hold/|access-date=December 1, 2020|website=Observer|archive-date=October 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030161912/https://observer.com/2020/05/tesla-shareholder-lawsuit-stop-elon-musk-tweeting-on-hold/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|FOIA]] released records showing that the SEC itself concluded Musk has subsequently violated the agreement twice by tweeting regarding "Tesla's solar roof production volumes and its stock price".<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Dave |last2=Michaels |first2=Rebecca|date=June 2, 2021|title=WSJ News Exclusive: Tesla Failed to Oversee Elon Musk's Tweets, SEC Argued in Letters|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tesla-failed-to-oversee-elon-musk-s-tweets-sec-argued-in-letters-11622582765|access-date=June 10, 2021|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== SolarCity and Tesla Energy ===<br />
{{Main|SolarCity|Tesla Energy}}<br />
[[File:Pair of 2009 SolarCity Dodge Sprinters.JPG|thumb|alt=Two green vans sporting the SolarCity logo|[[SolarCity]] solar-panel installation vans in 2009]]<br />
Musk provided the initial concept and financial capital for [[SolarCity]], which his cousins [[Lyndon Rive|Lyndon]] and Peter Rive co-founded in 2006.<ref name="Kanellos">{{cite news|first=Michael|last=Kanellos|date=February 15, 2008|title=Newsmaker: Elon Musk on rockets, sports cars, and solar power|url=http://news.cnet.com/Elon-Musk-on-rockets,-sports-cars,-and-solar-power---page-2/2008-11389_3-6230661-2.html|work=CNET|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=January 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129063308/http://news.cnet.com/Elon-Musk-on-rockets,-sports-cars,-and-solar-power---page-2/2008-11389_3-6230661-2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> By 2013, SolarCity was the second largest provider of solar power systems in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/top-250-solar-contractors |title=2013 Top 250 Solar Contractors |work=Solar Power World |date=September 13, 2013 |access-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010112825/https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/top-250-solar-contractors/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, Musk promoted the idea of SolarCity building an advanced production facility in [[Buffalo, New York]], triple the size of the largest solar plant in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/06/17/news/companies/solarcity-silevo |title=Elon Musk's sunny plans for Buffalo |last=Smith |first=Aaron |publisher=[[CNNMoney]] | date=June 17, 2014 |access-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-date=October 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009194551/http://money.cnn.com/2014/06/17/news/companies/solarcity-silevo |url-status=live }}</ref> Construction on the [[Gigafactory 2|factory]] started in 2014 and was completed in 2017. It operated as a joint venture with [[Panasonic]] until early 2020 when Panasonic departed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kolodny|first=Lora|date=February 26, 2020|title=Tesla, Panasonic will reportedly stop joint solar cell production at Gigafactory 2 in Buffalo|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/26/tesla-panasonic-said-to-end-joint-solar-cell-production-at-buffalo-factory.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=September 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808130532/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/26/tesla-panasonic-said-to-end-joint-solar-cell-production-at-buffalo-factory.html|archive-date=August 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The highs, lows and legacy of Panasonic's doomed project in Buffalo|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/buffalo/news/2020/11/23/leaders-of-doomed-panasonic-project-look-back.html|url-status=live|access-date=April 3, 2021|website=www.bizjournals.com|archive-date=November 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123121014/https://www.bizjournals.com/buffalo/news/2020/11/23/leaders-of-doomed-panasonic-project-look-back.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
Tesla acquired SolarCity for over $2&nbsp;billion in 2016 and merged it with its battery energy storage products division to create [[Tesla Energy]].<br />
<br />
=== Neuralink ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|Neuralink}}<br />
[[File:Elon Musk and the Neuralink Future.jpg|thumb|alt=Musk standing next to bulky medical equipment on a stage|Musk discussing a [[Neuralink]] device during a live demonstration in 2020|left]]<br />
In 2016, Musk co-founded Neuralink, a [[neurotechnology]] startup company to integrate the human brain with [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) by creating devices that are embedded in the human brain to facilitate its merging with machines. The devices will also reconcile with the latest improvements in artificial intelligence to stay updated. Such improvements could enhance memory or allow the devices to communicate with software more effectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/27/15077864/elon-musk-neuralink-brain-computer-interface-ai-cyborgs |title=Elon Musk launches Neuralink, a venture to merge the human brain with AI |date=March 27, 2017 |website=[[The Verge]] | access-date=April 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182502/https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/27/15077864/elon-musk-neuralink-brain-computer-interface-ai-cyborgs|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Winkler|first=Rolfe|date=March 27, 2017|title=Elon Musk Launches Neuralink to Connect Brains With Computers|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-launches-neuralink-to-connect-brains-with-computers-1490642652|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002205615/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-launches-neuralink-to-connect-brains-with-computers-1490642652|archive-date=October 2, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
At a live demonstration in August 2020, Musk described one of their early devices as "a Fitbit in your skull" that could soon cure paralysis, deafness, blindness, and other disabilities. Many neuroscientists and publications criticized these claims;<ref name="mit" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Cellan-Jones|first=Rory|date=September 1, 2020|title=Is Elon Musk over-hyping his brain-hacking Neuralink tech?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53987919|work=[[BBC News]] | access-date=September 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912010226/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53987919|archive-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rogers|first=Adam|date=September 4, 2020|title=Neuralink Is Impressive Tech, Wrapped in Musk Hype|url=https://www.wired.com/story/neuralink-is-impressive-tech-wrapped-in-musk-hype/|magazine=Wired|access-date=September 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906074207/https://www.wired.com/story/neuralink-is-impressive-tech-wrapped-in-musk-hype/|archive-date=September 6, 2020}}</ref> ''[[MIT Technology Review]]'' described them as "highly speculative" and "neuroscience theater".<ref name="mit">{{cite news|last=Regalado|first=Antonio|date=August 30, 2020|title=Elon Musk's Neuralink is neuroscience theater|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/30/1007786/elon-musks-neuralink-demo-update-neuroscience-theater/|work=MIT Technology Review|access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-date=December 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213224951/https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/30/1007786/elon-musks-neuralink-demo-update-neuroscience-theater/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the other hand, biomedical engineer Peter Bannister has defended Musk’s sci-fi–inspired rhetorical overreach as inspirational for aspiring engineers and scientists.<ref>Morris, David. [https://fortune.com/2020/08/31/neurolink-elon-musk-neurology-brain-implant-pigs/amp/ “Neurologists aren’t so sure about Elon Musk’s Neuralink brain implant startup”], [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] (31 Aug 2020).</ref><br />
<br />
=== The Boring Company ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|The Boring Company}}<br />
[[File:Elon Musk Accelerates the Boring (45716125474).jpg|thumb|alt=Musk speaks to a crowd of journalists. Behind him is a lighted tunnel.|Musk during the 2018 inauguration of the [[Boring Test Tunnel]] in [[Hawthorne, California]]]]<br />
In 2016, Musk founded [[The Boring Company]] to construct tunnels.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 18, 2021|title=The Not So Dull Future Of The Boring Company|url=https://www.hotcars.com/the-not-so-dull-future-boring-company/|access-date=April 3, 2021|website=HotCars|archive-date=March 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320001216/https://www.hotcars.com/the-not-so-dull-future-boring-company/|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2017, the company began discussions with [[regulatory agency|regulatory bodies]] and initiated construction of a {{convert|30|ft|adj=on}} wide, {{convert|50|ft|adj=on}} long, and {{convert|15|ft|adj=on}} deep "test trench" on the premises of SpaceX's offices as it required no permits.<ref name="boring">{{Cite news |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk-tunnel-boring |title=Elon Musk's boring machine has already built a 'test trench' in LA |last=Heathman |first=Amelia |magazine=Wired UK |access-date=February 19, 2017 |archive-date=July 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718214211/http://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk-tunnel-boring |url-status=live }}</ref> A tunnel beneath the [[Las Vegas Convention Center]] was completed in early 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 20, 2021|title=Boring Co. underground loop to be put to the test|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/tourism/boring-co-underground-loop-to-be-put-to-the-test-2358258/|access-date=May 29, 2021|website=Las Vegas Review-Journal}}</ref> Local officials have approved further expansions of the tunnel system.<ref>{{cite news|last=McBride|first=Sarah|date=December 16, 2020|title=Elon Musk's Proposed Vegas Strip Transit System Advanced by City Council Vote|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-16/the-boring-company-las-vegas-loop-projects-eyes-major-expansion|work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] | access-date=January 8, 2021|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111092533/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-16/the-boring-company-las-vegas-loop-projects-eyes-major-expansion|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
As a merchandising and publicity stunt, The Boring Company sold 2,000 novelty [[flamethrowers]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flamethrower – The Boring Company|url=https://www.boringcompany.com/flamethrower|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129102013/https://www.boringcompany.com/flamethrower|archive-date=January 29, 2018|access-date=January 29, 2018|website=boringcompany.com|publisher=boringcompany.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=January 28, 2018|title=Elon Musk's Boring Company is now raising money by selling flamethrowers|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/28/news/musk-boring-company-flamethrowers/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129131619/https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/28/news/musk-boring-company-flamethrowers/index.html|archive-date=January 29, 2018|access-date=January 29, 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> The idea, and his fascination with the idea of a flamethrower in general, was inspired by the [[Mel Brooks]]-directed film ''[[Spaceballs]]'' (1987), something confirmed in the [[documentary film]] ''[[Return to Space]]'', directed by [[Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi]] and [[Jimmy Chin]].<ref>{{cite web|date=December 4, 2017|title=Elon Musk Loves This '80s Comedy So Much He Keeps Dropping Hidden Quotes|url=https://www.inverse.com/article/38990-elon-musk-loves-this-80s-comedy-so-much-he-keeps-dropping-hidden-quotes|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604105620/https://www.inverse.com/article/38990-elon-musk-loves-this-80s-comedy-so-much-he-keeps-dropping-hidden-quotes|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kooser|first=Amanda|date=January 26, 2018|title=Can you crack the password for Elon Musk's flamethrower?|work=Cnet|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/boring-company-flamethrower-elon-musk-hats-spaceballs-password/|access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317130337/https://www.cnet.com/news/boring-company-flamethrower-elon-musk-hats-spaceballs-password/|archive-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Managerial style and treatment of employees ===<br />
<br />
{{See also|Criticism of Tesla, Inc.#Workplace culture issues}}<br />
Musk's managerial style and treatment of his employees have been heavily criticized.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Charles|last=Duhigg|date=December 13, 2018|title=Dr. Elon & Mr. Musk: Life Inside Tesla's Production Hell|url=https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-tesla-life-inside-gigafactory/|magazine=WIRED|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321221557/https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-tesla-life-inside-gigafactory/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite magazine|author=Bilton|first=Nick|date=November 10, 2020|title=Elon Musk's Totally Awful, Batshit-Crazy, Completely Bonkers, Most Excellent Year|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/11/elon-musks-totally-awful-batshit-crazy-most-excellent-year|url-status=live|magazine=Vanity Fair|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129145435/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/11/elon-musks-totally-awful-batshit-crazy-most-excellent-year}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/report-elon-musk-is-kind-of-a-dick-1845645538|website=Gizmodo|title=Report: Elon Musk Is Kind of a Dick|first=Tom|last=Mckay|date=November 11, 2020|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419185215/https://gizmodo.com/report-elon-musk-is-kind-of-a-dick-1845645538|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 147, "Elon's worst trait by far, in my opinion, is a complete lack of loyalty or human connection. Many of us worked tirelessly for him for years and were tossed to the curb like a piece of litter without a second thought. Maybe it was calculated to keep the rest of the workforce on their toes and scared; maybe he was just able to detach from human connection to a remarkable degree. What was clear is that people who worked for him were like ammunition: used for a specific purpose until exhausted and discarded.".</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/working-with-elon-musk-tesla-2015-5|title=Why Tesla employees fear Elon Musk, as told by one of the company's cofounders|website=Business Insider|date=May 16, 2015|first=Lisa|last=Eadicicco|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422121154/https://www.businessinsider.com/working-with-elon-musk-tesla-2015-5|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jun/13/tesla-workers-pay-price-elon-musk-failed-promises|author=Julia Carrie Wong|title=Tesla workers say they pay the price for Elon Musk's big promises|website=[[The Guardian]] | date=June 13, 2018|quote=The CEO is known for outsized claims and ambitious goals. But numerous factory workers say he doesn't follow through – and that his leadership sets a troubling tone.|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=March 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323064114/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jun/13/tesla-workers-pay-price-elon-musk-failed-promises|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Business Insider]]'' reported that Tesla employees were told not to walk past Musk's desk because of his "wild firing rampages".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-reportedly-terrified-tesla-staff-with-his-firing-sprees-2018-12?r=US&IR=T|title=Tesla employees were reportedly told not to walk past Elon Musk's desk because of his wild firing rampages|quote=One Gigafactory manager told Wired that they had stopped employees from walking too close to Musk's desk for fear that a word out of place might end up in their getting fired. The manager called the outbursts "Elon's rage firings."|website=Business Insider|date=December 13, 2018|author=Isobel Asher Hamilton|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410133229/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-reportedly-terrified-tesla-staff-with-his-firing-sprees-2018-12?r=US&IR=T|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that, after Musk insisted on branding his vehicles as "self-driving", he faced criticism from his engineers, some of whom resigned in response, with one stating that Musk's "reckless decision making... ha[d] potentially put customer lives at risk".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dugan|first1=Ianthe Jeanne|last2=Spector|first2=Mike|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/teslas-push-to-build-a-self-driving-car-sparks-dissent-among-its-engineers-1503593742|title=Tesla's Push to Build a Self-Driving Car Sparked Dissent Among Its Engineers|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=August 24, 2017|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=April 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416123205/https://www.wsj.com/articles/teslas-push-to-build-a-self-driving-car-sparks-dissent-among-its-engineers-1503593742|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2021 book ''[[Power Play (book)|Power Play]]'' contains multiple anecdotes of Musk berating employees.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Charlie|title=Sweary tirades and abrupt firings under Elon Musk, new book claims|newspaper=[[The Times]] | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sweary-tirades-and-abrupt-firings-under-musk-book-claims-05k9mm526|access-date=August 6, 2021|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Other activities ==<br />
<br />
=== Hyperloop ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|Hyperloop|Hyperloop pod competition}}<br />
In 2013, Musk announced plans for a version of a [[vactrain]] (or vacuum tube train), assigning a dozen engineers from [[Tesla Inc.|Tesla]] and [[SpaceX]] to establish the conceptual foundations and create initial designs.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hyperloop Update: Elon Musk Will Start Developing It Himself|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2013/08/12/latest-update-elon-musk-will-start-the-hyperloop-himself/#5143db7047a8|url-status=live|magazine=Forbes.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929001211/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2013/08/12/latest-update-elon-musk-will-start-the-hyperloop-himself/#5143db7047a8|archive-date=September 29, 2017|access-date=March 22, 2016}}</ref> On August 12, 2013, Musk unveiled the concept, which he dubbed the Hyperloop.<ref name="gm20130822">{{cite web |url=http://www.gizmag.com/hyperloop-musk-analysis/28672 |title=Beyond the hype of Hyperloop: An analysis of Elon Musk's proposed transit system |website=Gizmag.com |date=August 22, 2013 |access-date=August 23, 2013 |archive-date=July 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710223815/http://www.gizmag.com/hyperloop-musk-analysis/28672/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The alpha design for the system was published in a [[whitepaper]] posted to the Tesla and SpaceX blogs.<ref>{{cite arXiv|last1=Kirschen|first1=Philippe|last2=Burnell|first2=Edward|date=April 6, 2021|title=Hyperloop System Optimization|class=cs.CE|eprint=2104.03907}}</ref> The document scoped out the technology and outlined a notional route where such a transport system could be built between the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]] and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] at an estimated total cost of $6&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-08-12/revealed-elon-musk-explains-the-hyperloop |title=Revealed: Elon Musk Explains the Hyperloop, the Solar-Powered High-Speed Future of Inter-City Transportation |first=Ashlee |last=Vance |author-link=Ashlee Vance |website=[[Bloomberg BusinessWeek]] | date=August 12, 2013 |access-date=April 27, 2016 |archive-date=January 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127202031/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-08-12/revealed-elon-musk-explains-the-hyperloop |url-status=live }}</ref> The proposal, if technologically feasible at the costs he has cited, would make Hyperloop travel cheaper than any other [[mode of transport]] for such long distances.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranger|first=Steve|title=What is Hyperloop? Everything you need to know about the race for super-fast travel|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-hyperloop-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-future-of-transport/|access-date=September 19, 2020|website=ZDNet|archive-date=October 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030113256/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-hyperloop-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-future-of-transport/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2015, Musk announced a [[incentive prize competition|design competition]] for students and others to build Hyperloop pods to operate on a SpaceX-sponsored mile-long track in a 2015–2017 [[Hyperloop pod competition]]. The track was used in January 2017, and Musk also announced that the company started a tunnel project with Hawthorne airport as its destination.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailybulletin.com/science/20170129/hyperloop-competition-brings-new-mass-transit-technology-to-life-in-hawthorne |title=Hyperloop competition brings new mass-transit technology to life in Hawthorne |last=Mazza |first=Sandy |date=January 29, 2017 |publisher=Daily Bulletin |access-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-date=August 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816010537/http://www.dailybulletin.com/science/20170129/hyperloop-competition-brings-new-mass-transit-technology-to-life-in-hawthorne |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2017, Musk claimed that he had received "verbal government approval" to build a hyperloop from [[New York City]] to [[Washington, D.C.]], stopping in both [[Philadelphia]] and [[Baltimore]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/20/538328487/elon-musk-says-he-has-verbal-ok-to-build-n-y-d-c-hyperloop |title=Elon Musk Says He Has 'Verbal' OK To Build N.Y.-D.C. Hyperloop|work=NPR.org|access-date=July 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831023519/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/20/538328487/elon-musk-says-he-has-verbal-ok-to-build-n-y-d-c-hyperloop|archive-date=August 31, 2020}}</ref> Mention of the project for the DC to Baltimore part were removed from the Boring Company website later in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Elon Musk's Boring Company removes D.C.-Baltimore tunnel from list of projects on website|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/elon-musk-hyperloop/2021/04/16/b340314e-9edd-11eb-9d05-ae06f4529ece_story.html|access-date=August 14, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== OpenAI ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|OpenAI}}<br />
In December 2015, Musk announced the creation of [[OpenAI]], a not-for-profit [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) research company aiming to develop [[artificial general intelligence]] intended to be safe and beneficial to humanity.<ref name="NYT_AI">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/12/science/artificial-intelligence-research-center-is-founded-by-silicon-valley-investors.html |title=Artificial-Intelligence Research Center Is Founded by Silicon Valley Investors|first=John|last=Markoff |date=December 11, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=December 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830184433/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/12/science/artificial-intelligence-research-center-is-founded-by-silicon-valley-investors.html|archive-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref> A particular focus of the company is to "counteract large corporations [and governments] who may gain too much power by owning super-intelligence systems".<ref name="levy20151215">{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/backchannel/how-elon-musk-and-y-combinator-plan-to-stop-computers-from-taking-over-17e0e27dd02a|title=How Elon Musk and Y Combinator Plan to Stop Computers From Taking Over|first=Steven|last=Levy|date=December 11, 2015|publisher=[[Backchannel (blog)|Backchannel]] on [[Medium (website)|Medium]] | access-date=December 15, 2015|archive-date=March 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306005208/https://medium.com/backchannel/how-elon-musk-and-y-combinator-plan-to-stop-computers-from-taking-over-17e0e27dd02a|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rollingstone20171115" /> In 2018, Musk left the OpenAI board to avoid possible future conflicts with his role as CEO of Tesla as the company increasingly became involved in AI through [[Tesla Autopilot]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Novet|first=Jordan|date=February 2, 2018|title=Elon Musk, who has sounded the alarm on AI, leaves the organization he co-founded to make it safer|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/21/elon-musk-is-leaving-the-board-of-openai.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830162809/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/21/elon-musk-is-leaving-the-board-of-openai.html|archive-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Tham Luang cave rescue and defamation case ===<br />
<br />
{{Further|Tham Luang cave rescue}}<br />
[[File:Rescue equipment in Tham Luang entrance chamber (cropped).jpg|alt=Supplies and people inside a cave|thumb|Rescue personnel and equipment at the cave entrance]]<br />
In July 2018, Musk arranged for his employees to build a small [[rescue pod]] to assist the [[Tham Luang cave rescue|rescue]] of children stuck in a flooded cavern in [[Thailand]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44735412|title=Elon Musk offers to help Thai cave rescue|last=Jordan|first=Dearbail|date=July 6, 2018|work=[[BBC News]] | access-date=October 25, 2018|archive-date=October 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025160141/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44735412|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rick Stanton|Richard Stanton]], leader of the international rescue diving team, urged Musk to facilitate the construction of a mini-submarine as a back-up, in case flooding worsened.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1016684366083190785|title=Richard Stanton email correspondence|website=Twitter|access-date=July 19, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718112856/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1016684366083190785|archive-date=July 18, 2018}}</ref> Named "Wild Boar" after the children's soccer team,<ref>{{cite news|last=Browne|first=Ryan|date=July 10, 2018|title=Elon Musk takes submarine to Thai cave, but rescue chief reportedly calls it 'not practical'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/10/elon-musk-takes-submarine-to-thailands-tham-luang--cave.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523062543/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/10/elon-musk-takes-submarine-to-thailands-tham-luang--cave.html|archive-date=May 23, 2020}}</ref> its design was a {{convert|5|ft|spell=in|adj=on}}-long, {{convert|12|in|adj=on|cm}}-wide sealed tube weighing about {{convert|90|lbs}} propelled manually by divers in the front and back with segmented compartments to place [[Diving weighting system|diver weights]] to adjust buoyancy,<ref name="auto5">{{cite web|date=July 8, 2018|title=Tested for Thailand, SpaceX's makeshift mini-sub could serve as space escape pod|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/tested-thailand-spacexs-makeshift-mini-sub-serve-space-escape-pod/|access-date=December 7, 2019|website=GeekWire.com|archive-date=December 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207165300/https://www.geekwire.com/2018/tested-thailand-spacexs-makeshift-mini-sub-serve-space-escape-pod/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gizmodo.com/elon-musk-says-hes-building-a-tiny-submarine-to-rescue-1827422516|title=Elon Musk Says He's Building a Tiny 'Submarine' to Rescue Thai Soccer Team Trapped in Cave|last=McKay|first=Tom|work=Gizmodo|access-date=August 28, 2018|archive-date=August 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828134725/https://gizmodo.com/elon-musk-says-hes-building-a-tiny-submarine-to-rescue-1827422516|url-status=live}}</ref> intended to solve the problem of safely extracting the children. Engineers at SpaceX and The Boring Company built the mini-submarine out of a [[Falcon 9]] liquid oxygen transfer tube<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ferris|first1=Robert|date=July 10, 2018|title=Elon Musk says his 'mini-submarine' can be used for other things|publisher=[[CNBC]] | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/10/elon-musk-says-his-mini-submarine-can-be-used-for-other-things.html|access-date=July 13, 2018|archive-date=July 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713075037/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/10/elon-musk-says-his-mini-submarine-can-be-used-for-other-things.html|url-status=live}}</ref> in eight hours and personally delivered it to Thailand.<ref name="auto5" /> By this time, however, eight of the 12 children had already been rescued using full face masks and oxygen under anesthesia; consequently Thai authorities declined to use the submarine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Timothy B.|date=July 10, 2018|title=Thai official: Elon Musk's submarine "not practical for this mission" [Updated]|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/07/thai-official-elon-musks-submarine-not-practical-for-this-mission/|access-date=September 13, 2020|website=Ars Technica|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919045304/https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/07/thai-official-elon-musks-submarine-not-practical-for-this-mission/|url-status=live}}</ref> Elon Musk was later one of the 187 people who received various honors conferred by the [[Vajiralongkorn|King of Thailand]] in March 2019 for involvement in the rescue effort, e.g. the [[Order of the Direkgunabhorn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN1RV0QU?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406193250/https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN1RV0QU?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews|archive-date=April 6, 2020|title=Thai king confers awards on two Australian divers for rescue of cave boys|date=April 19, 2019|access-date=September 23, 2019|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=[[Government of Thailand|รัฐบาลไทย]] | date=March 21, 2019 |title=ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันเป็นที่สรรเสริญยิ่งดิเรกคุณาภรณ์ให้แก่บุคคลที่ช่วยเหลือผู้ประสบภัยในถ้ำหลวง วนอุทยานถ้ำหลวง-ขุนน้ำนางนอน จังหวัดเชียงราย |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/B/007/T_0001.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409170014/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/B/007/T_0001.PDF |archive-date=April 9, 2022 |journal=[[Royal Thai Government Gazette|ราชกิจจานุเบกษา]] | language=th |access-date=September 23, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vernon Unsworth, a British recreational caver who had been exploring the cave for the previous six years and played a key advisory role in the rescue, criticized the submarine on [[CNN]] as amounting to nothing more than a public relations effort with no chance of success, and that Musk "had no conception of what the cave passage was like" and "can stick his submarine where it hurts". Musk asserted on Twitter that the device would have worked and referred to Unsworth as "pedo guy".<ref name="Levin18">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/15/elon-musk-british-diver-thai-cave-rescue-pedo-twitter|title=Elon Musk calls British diver in Thai cave rescue a 'pedo' in baseless attack|last1=Levin|first1=Sam|date=July 15, 2018|work=[[The Guardian]] | location=London|access-date=July 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803133851/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/15/elon-musk-british-diver-thai-cave-rescue-pedo-twitter|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref> He subsequently deleted the tweets, along with an earlier tweet in which he told another critic of the device, "Stay tuned jackass."<ref name="Levin18" /> On July 16, Unsworth stated that he was considering legal action.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-44846945|title=British caver 'could sue' Elon Musk|date=July 16, 2018|work=[[BBC News]] | access-date=July 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624152041/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-44846945|archive-date=June 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/16/british-diver-in-thai-cave-rescue-stunned-after-attack-by-elon-musk|title=British cave diver considering legal action over Elon Musk's 'pedo' attack|last1=Safi|first1=Michael|date=July 16, 2018|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=July 16, 2018|last2=Levin|first2=Sam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803151555/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/16/british-diver-in-thai-cave-rescue-stunned-after-attack-by-elon-musk|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Two days later, Musk issued an apology for his remarks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/18/elon-musk-apologizes-to-british-cave-diver-followingbaseless-pedo-gu.html|title=Elon Musk apologizes to British cave diver following baseless 'pedo guy' claim|last=Browne|first=Ryan|date=July 18, 2020|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805083128/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/18/elon-musk-apologizes-to-british-cave-diver-followingbaseless-pedo-gu.html|archive-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/elon-musk-apologises-for-calling-thai-rescue-diver-a-pedo/news-story/606b3fc050064b9b5d39b7db133a46f1|title=Elon Musk apologises for calling Thai rescue diver a 'pedo'|last=Chang|first=Charis|date=July 18, 2018|website=news.com.au|access-date=July 18, 2018|archive-date=July 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718075838/https://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/elon-musk-apologises-for-calling-thai-rescue-diver-a-pedo/news-story/606b3fc050064b9b5d39b7db133a46f1|url-status=live}}</ref> Then, on August 28, 2018, in response to criticism from a writer on Twitter, Musk tweeted, "You don't think it's strange he hasn't sued me?"<ref>{{cite news|last=Krisher|first=Tom|date=September 17, 2018|title=Diver who helped with Thai cave rescue sues Elon Musk|url=https://apnews.com/article/4f4ddea4fa0c43ae984447fae85cf644|work=Associated Press|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=January 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114201422/https://apnews.com/article/4f4ddea4fa0c43ae984447fae85cf644|url-status=live}}</ref> The following day, a letter dated August 6 from [[L.&nbsp;Lin Wood]], the rescuer's attorney, emerged, showing that he had been making preparations for a libel lawsuit.<ref name="Castillo18">{{cite news|last1=Castillo|first1=Michelle |title=Cave explorer Elon Musk called a 'pedo guy' is preparing a lawsuit|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/29/cave-explorer-elon-musk-called-a-pedo-guy-is-preparing-a-lawsuit.html |access-date=August 29, 2018|work=[[CNBC]] | date=August 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805085855/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/29/cave-explorer-elon-musk-called-a-pedo-guy-is-preparing-a-lawsuit.html|archive-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wattles|first=Jackie|date=August 29, 2018|title=Lawyer: We're 'finalizing' a libel lawsuit against Elon Musk over 'pedo' tweet|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/29/news/elon-musk-libel-lawsuit-vern-unsworth/index.html|work=[[CNN]] Money|access-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222171455/https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/29/news/elon-musk-libel-lawsuit-vern-unsworth/index.html|archive-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Around this time, James Howard-Higgins emailed Musk claiming to be a private investigator and with an offer to "dig deep" into Unsworth's past, which Musk accepted; Higgins was later revealed to be a convicted felon with multiple counts of fraud.<ref>{{cite news|last=Marshall|first=Aarian|date=October 8, 2019|title=Elon Musk's Mouth, and Tweets, Land Him in Trouble Again|url=https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musks-mouth-tweets-trouble-again/|magazine=Wired|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926164709/https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musks-mouth-tweets-trouble-again/|archive-date=September 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McNamara|first=Audrey|date=October 3, 2019|title=Elon Musk Hired PI With a Criminal Record to Investigate Cave Rescuer He Called a 'Pedo Guy': Report|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/elon-musk-hired-pi-with-a-criminal-record-to-investigate-cave-rescuer-he-called-a-pedo-guy-report|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206223714/http://www.thedailybeast.com/elon-musk-hired-pi-with-a-criminal-record-to-investigate-cave-rescuer-he-called-a-pedo-guy-report|archive-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref> On August 30, using details produced during the alleged investigation,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/musk-says-calling-diver-pedo-was-not-an-accusation-of-pedophilia/a-50465948|title=Musk says calling diver 'pedo' was not an accusation of pedophilia|date=September 17, 2019|website=Deutsche Welle|access-date=September 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803234156/https://www.dw.com/en/musk-says-calling-diver-pedo-was-not-an-accusation-of-pedophilia/a-50465948|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref> Musk sent a ''[[BuzzFeed News]]'' reporter who had written about the controversy an email prefaced with "[[Off the record (journalism)|off the record]]", telling the reporter to "stop defending child rapists, you fucking asshole" and claiming that Unsworth is a "single white guy from England who's been traveling to or living in Thailand for 30 to 40 years... until moving to [[Chiang Rai]] for a child bride who was about 12 years old at the time." On September 5, the reporter tweeted a screenshot of the email, saying that "Off the record is a two-party agreement," which he "did not agree to."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Levin|first1=Sam|title=Elon Musk calls Thailand diver 'child rapist' in latest baseless attack|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/04/elon-musk-claims-diver-in-thai-cave-rescue-is-child-rapist-without-evidence|access-date=September 5, 2018|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | date=September 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183406/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/04/elon-musk-claims-diver-in-thai-cave-rescue-is-child-rapist-without-evidence|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mac |first1=Ryan |last2=Di Stefano |first2=Mark |last3=Paczkowski |first3=John |title=In A New Email, Elon Musk Accused A Cave Rescuer Of Being A "Child Rapist" And Said He "Hopes" There's A Lawsuit |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/elon-musk-thai-cave-rescuer-accusations-buzzfeed-email |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802102350/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/elon-musk-thai-cave-rescuer-accusations-buzzfeed-email |archive-date=August 2, 2020|access-date=March 22, 2021 |work=Buzzfeed News |date=September 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elon Musk Spent a Weird 4 Hours Defending His 'Pedo Guy' Tweet in Federal Court|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/7x55zx/elon-musk-spent-a-weird-4-hours-defending-his-pedo-guy-tweet-in-federal-court|access-date=March 22, 2021|website=www.vice.com|archive-date=April 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426204245/https://www.vice.com/en/article/7x55zx/elon-musk-spent-a-weird-4-hours-defending-his-pedo-guy-tweet-in-federal-court|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September, Unsworth filed a defamation suit in Los Angeles federal court.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45551895|title=Elon Musk sued for libel by British Thai cave rescuer|date=September 17, 2018|publisher=[[BBC News]] | access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526061535/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45551895|archive-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|date=September 17, 2018|title=British diver sues Elon Musk for $75,000 over 'pedo' claim|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/17/british-diver-vernon-unsworth-sues-elon-musk-over-pedo-claim|work=[[The Guardian]] | location=London|access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702155615/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/17/british-diver-vernon-unsworth-sues-elon-musk-over-pedo-claim|archive-date=July 2, 2020}}</ref> In his defense, Musk argued that in slang usage "'pedo guy' was a common insult used in South Africa when I was growing up... synonymous with 'creepy old man' and is used to insult a person's appearance and demeanor."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slate.com/technology/2019/12/elon-musk-trial-pedo-guy-diver-lawsuit.html|title=Elon Musk Says "Pedo Guy" Was a Common Insult in His Youth. We Checked With His Schoolmates|first=Aaron|last=Mak|date=December 4, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2019|work=Slate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902032802/https://slate.com/technology/2019/12/elon-musk-trial-pedo-guy-diver-lawsuit.html|archive-date=September 2, 2020}}</ref> The defamation case began in December 2019, with Unsworth seeking $190&nbsp;million in damages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/dec/04/elon-musk-pedo-guy-insult-was-not-classy-but-not-meant-literally|title=Elon Musk: pedo guy insult was 'not classy' but not meant literally|first=Julia Carrie|last=Wong|date=December 4, 2019|work=[[The Guardian]] | location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803181508/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/06/unsworth-vs-musk-pedo-guy-defamation-trial-verdict.html|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref> During the trial Musk apologized to Unsworth again for the tweet. On December 6, the jury found in favor of Musk and ruled he was not liable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/06/unsworth-vs-musk-pedo-guy-defamation-trial-verdict.html|title=Elon Musk found not liable in 'pedo guy' defamation trial|first=lora|last=Kolodny|date=May 10, 2019|website=[[CNBC]] | access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803181508/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/06/unsworth-vs-musk-pedo-guy-defamation-trial-verdict.html|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Groom|first1=Nichola|last2=Parsons|first2=Rachel|date=December 6, 2019|title=Tesla boss Elon Musk wins defamation trial over his 'pedo guy' tweet|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-musk-lawsuit/tesla-boss-elon-musk-wins-defamation-trial-over-his-pedo-guy-tweet-idUSKBN1YA13U|work=[[Reuters]] | access-date=September 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603035638/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-musk-lawsuit/tesla-boss-elon-musk-wins-defamation-trial-over-his-pedo-guy-tweet-idUSKBN1YA13U|archive-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2018 Joe Rogan podcast appearance ===<br />
<br />
On September 6, 2018, Musk appeared on ''[[The Joe Rogan Experience]]'' podcast and discussed various topics for over two hours. During the interview, Musk sampled a single puff from a cigar consisting, [[Joe Rogan]] claimed, of tobacco laced with cannabis. Tesla stock dropped after the incident, which coincided with the confirmation of the departure of Tesla's vice president of worldwide finance earlier that day.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tesla exodus: Another executive exits as Elon Musk struggles to build mainstream automaker|work=USA Today|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2018/09/12/yet-another-finance-executive-leaving-tesla/1284197002/|access-date=September 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825055548/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2018/09/12/yet-another-finance-executive-leaving-tesla/1284197002/|archive-date=August 25, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=Emily|date=September 8, 2018|title=Elon Musk's week of pot smoking and wild emails, explained|url=https://www.vox.com/business-and-finance/2018/9/8/17834910/elon-musk-joe-rogan-podcast-tesla-stock|work=Vox|access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805184350/https://www.vox.com/business-and-finance/2018/9/8/17834910/elon-musk-joe-rogan-podcast-tesla-stock|archive-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref> ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' wondered if the cannabis use could have ramifications for SpaceX contracts with the [[United States Air Force]], though an Air Force spokesperson told ''[[The Verge]]'' that there was no investigation and that the Air Force was still processing the situation.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Elon Musk's Pot-Smoking Podcast Appearance Could Open an Air Force Investigation into SpaceX|work=Fortune|url=http://fortune.com/2018/09/10/musk-weed-marijuana-air-force-spacex/|access-date=September 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906071044/https://fortune.com/2018/09/10/musk-weed-marijuana-air-force-spacex/|archive-date=September 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The Air Force is determining 'the appropriate process' for Elon Musk smoking pot|work=[[The Verge]] | url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/7/17833208/elon-musk-air-force-pot-smoking-investigation|access-date=September 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825132601/https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/7/17833208/elon-musk-air-force-pot-smoking-investigation|archive-date=August 25, 2020}}</ref> In a ''[[60 Minutes]]'' interview, Musk said of the incident: "I do not smoke pot. As anybody who watched that podcast could tell, I have no idea how to smoke pot."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Donaghey|first=River|date=December 7, 2018|title=Elon Musk Has 'No Idea' How to Smoke Weed, Says Elon Musk|url=https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/xwj5pa/elon-musk-weed-i-have-no-idea-how-to-smoke-pot-vgtrn|access-date=March 21, 2019|website=Vice|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511115320/https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/xwj5pa/elon-musk-weed-i-have-no-idea-how-to-smoke-pot-vgtrn|archive-date=May 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gottsegen|first=Gordon|date=December 7, 2018|title=Despite infamous hit, Elon Musk says he has 'no idea how to smoke pot'|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/despite-infamous-hit-elon-musk-says-he-has-no-idea-how-to-smoke-pot/|work=Cnet|access-date=September 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119015057/https://www.cnet.com/news/despite-infamous-hit-elon-musk-says-he-has-no-idea-how-to-smoke-pot/|archive-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Music ventures ===<br />
<br />
On March 30, 2019, Musk released a [[rap music|rap]] track, "RIP Harambe", on [[SoundCloud]] as Emo G Records. The track, which is an allusion to the killing of [[Harambe]], a gorilla in a Cincinnati zoo, and the subsequent "tasteless" [[Viral phenomenon|Internet sensationalism]] surrounding the event, was performed by Yung Jake, written by Yung Jake and [[Caroline Polachek]], and produced by [[BloodPop]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Arcand |first1=Rob |url=https://www.spin.com/2019/03/elon-musk-drops-rap-single-rip-harambe/ |title=Elon Musk Drops Surprise Rap Single "RIP Harambe" |date=March 31, 2019 |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] | access-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401021823/https://www.spin.com/2019/03/elon-musk-drops-rap-single-rip-harambe/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Fitzgerald">{{cite magazine |last1=Fitzgerald |first1=Trent |title=Elon Musk Randomly Shares Rap Song Dedicated to Harambe |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2019/03/elon-musk-rap-song-harambe/ |access-date=April 10, 2019 |magazine=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]] | date=March 31, 2019 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403145015/https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2019/03/elon-musk-rap-song-harambe/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 30, 2020, Musk released an [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] track, "Don't Doubt Ur Vibe", featuring his own lyrics and vocals.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2020/01/31/elon-musk-just-dropped-an-edm-track-on-soundcloud/|title=Elon Musk just dropped an EDM track on SoundCloud|website=TechCrunch|access-date=February 3, 2020|archive-date=April 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426204232/https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/31/elon-musk-just-dropped-an-edm-track-on-soundcloud/|url-status=live}}</ref> While ''[[The Guardian]]'' critic [[Alexis Petridis|Alexi Petridis]] described it as "indistinguishable... from umpteen competent but unthrilling bits of bedroom electronica posted elsewhere on Soundcloud",<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jan/31/elon-musk-edm-artist-first-track-dont-doubt-ur-vibe|title=Elon Musk's new EDM single reviewed – 'Bringing erectile dysfunction to the masses!'|last=Petridis|first=Alexis|date=January 31, 2020|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=February 3, 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621190025/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jan/31/elon-musk-edm-artist-first-track-dont-doubt-ur-vibe|archive-date=June 21, 2020}}</ref> [[TechCrunch]] said it was "not a bad representation of the genre".<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
=== Donations and non-profits ===<br />
<br />
In 2012, Musk took the [[The Giving Pledge|Giving Pledge]], thereby committing to give the majority of [[Elon Musk#Wealth|his wealth]] to charitable causes either during his lifetimes or in his will.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pledge Signatories|url=https://givingpledge.org/pledgers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109225231/https://givingpledge.org/pledgers|archive-date=January 9, 2022|access-date=January 30, 2022|website=The Giving Pledge}}</ref> In 2014, Musk donated $1 million dollars to a museum dedicated to Nikola Tesla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elon Musk Donates $1 Million to New Tesla Museum |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/elon-musk-donates-1-million-new-tesla-museum-n152946 |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, ''Forbes'' gave Musk a philanthropy score of 1, because he had given away less than 1% of his net worth.<ref name="charity" /> In November 2021, Musk donated $5.7 billion of Tesla's shares to charity.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Elon Musk Makes Biggest Donation in History|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-15/elon-musk-donated-5-7-billion-of-tesla-shares-to-charity|access-date=February 15, 2022|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=February 15, 2022}}</ref> He has endowed prizes at the [[X Prize Foundation]], including $15{{nbsp}}million to encourage innovation in addressing illiteracy and $100{{nbsp}}million to reward improved [[Carbon sequestration|carbon capture]] technology.<ref>{{cite news|last=Feloni|first=Richard|date=March 21, 2018|title=Silicon Valley could help the last people you'd expect — and Elon Musk has given $15&nbsp;million to a contest that will prove it|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-peter-diamandis-xprize-eliminate-illiteracy-2018-3|access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519175629/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-peter-diamandis-xprize-eliminate-illiteracy-2018-3|archive-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Popken|first=Ben|date=January 22, 2021|title=Elon Musk to donate sliver of net worth for carbon capture|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/elon-musk-donate-sliver-net-worth-carbon-capture-n1255402|work=[[NBC News]] | access-date=February 7, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205183120/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/elon-musk-donate-sliver-net-worth-carbon-capture-n1255402|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Clifford|first=Catherine|date=January 22, 2021|title=Elon Musk is donating a $100&nbsp;million prize for carbon capture technology — here's what that means|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/22/elon-musk-tweets-donating-prize-for-carbon-capture.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=February 7, 2021|archive-date=February 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208021855/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/22/elon-musk-tweets-donating-prize-for-carbon-capture.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |title=Elon Musk Funds $100 Million XPrize For Pursuit Of New Carbon Removal Ideas |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/02/08/965372754/elon-musk-funds-100-million-xprize-for-pursuit-of-new-carbon-removal-ideas |access-date=February 8, 2022 |work=NPR |date=February 8, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> After the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Musk facilitated sending Starlink systems purchased by other European nations and private funding to Ukraine for internet access and communication in the besieged country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=March 22, 2022 |title=Elon Musk's SpaceX sent thousands of Starlink satellite internet dishes to Ukraine, company's president says |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/22/elon-musk-spacex-thousands-of-starlink-satellite-dishes-sent-to-ukraine.html |access-date=March 28, 2022 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] thanked Musk personally for the support of Ukraine and announced further talks between the two about space projects to take place after the war.<ref name="Ukraine-12">{{Cite web |author=Ivana Saric |date=March 6, 2022 |title=Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink satellites to Ukraine |url=https://www.axios.com/zelensky-elon-musk-starlink-ukraine-a007ee15-7713-44e0-b677-e6c9e9d11d8e.html |access-date=March 22, 2022 |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}</ref><ref name="Ukraine-22">{{Cite web |author=Zoe Tidman |date=March 6, 2022 |title=Ukraine's Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink systems |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-zelensky-elon-musk-starlink-b2029650.html |access-date=March 22, 2022 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Musk Foundation ====<br />
<br />
Musk is president of the Musk Foundation,<ref>{{cite web|title=Musk Foundation |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/770587507|url-status=live|website=ProPublica|date=May 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000223/https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/770587507 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 }}</ref> which states its purpose is to provide solar-power energy systems in disaster areas as well as to support research and development, advocacy, and educational goals.<ref name=":12">{{cite news|last=Harris|first=Mark|date=January 23, 2019|title=How Elon Musk's secretive foundation hands out his billions|work=[[The Guardian]] | location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jan/23/how-elon-musks-secretive-foundation-benefits-his-own-family#img-1|access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728130757/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jan/23/how-elon-musks-secretive-foundation-benefits-his-own-family|archive-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.muskfoundation.org/|title=Musk Foundation|website=muskfoundation.org|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=November 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121012101/http://muskfoundation.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2002, the foundation has made over 350 contributions. Around half were to scientific research or education nonprofits. Notable beneficiaries include the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], his alma mater the University of Pennsylvania, and Kimbal's [[Big Green (non-profit company)|Big Green]].<ref name="charity">{{cite news|last=Cuccinello|first=Hayley C.|date=September 8, 2020|title=Elon Musk Has Promised To Give At Least Half His Fortune To Charity. Here's How Much He's Donated So Far|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/09/08/elon-musk-has-promised-to-give-at-least-half-his-fortune-to-charity-heres-how-much-hes-donated-so-far/?sh=606951e73c8c|url-status=live|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213235544/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/09/08/elon-musk-has-promised-to-give-at-least-half-his-fortune-to-charity-heres-how-much-hes-donated-so-far/?sh=606951e73c8c|archive-date=December 13, 2020}}</ref> ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'' described the foundation as "almost entertaining in its simplicity and yet is strikingly opaque", noting that its website was only 33 words in plain-text.<ref name="vox">{{cite news|last=Schleifer|first=Theodore|date=January 11, 2021|title=The big decision before Elon Musk, now the richest person in the world|url=https://www.vox.com/recode/22221173/elon-musk-tesla-foundation-philanthropy-wealthiest-person|work=Vox|access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=February 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217230456/https://www.vox.com/recode/22221173/elon-musk-tesla-foundation-philanthropy-wealthiest-person|url-status=live}}</ref> The foundation has been criticized for the relatively small amount of wealth donated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coren|first=Michael J.|title=All the causes Elon Musk's foundation has donated money to since 2002|url=https://qz.com/1911485/elon-musks-charity-donations-use-philanthropy-as-a-tax-haven/|access-date=April 10, 2021|website=Quartz|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410154305/https://qz.com/1911485/elon-musks-charity-donations-use-philanthropy-as-a-tax-haven/|url-status=live}}</ref> From 2002 to 2018, it gave out $25&nbsp;million directly to [[non-profits]], nearly half of which went to Musk's OpenAI,<ref name="vox" /> which was at the time a non-profit organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2019/03/11/openai-shifts-from-nonprofit-to-capped-profit-to-attract-capital/|title=OpenAI shifts from nonprofit to 'capped-profit' to attract capital|access-date=April 25, 2021|archive-date=April 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425163152/https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/11/openai-shifts-from-nonprofit-to-capped-profit-to-attract-capital/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Twitter ===<br />
<br />
{{Further|Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk}}<br />
<br />
Musk is an active user of the social media platform [[Twitter]], where he has over 80 million followers.<ref name=":15" /> Musk made the first tweet on his personal account in June 2010.<ref>https://www.theringer.com/tech/2018/8/17/17701728/elon-musk-twitter-tesla-boring-company-public</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/a-decade-of-elon-musks-tweets-visualized/|title=A Decade of Elon Musk’s Tweets, Visualized|first=Carmen|last=Ang|date=March 9, 2022|website=Visual Capitalist}}</ref> He posts memes, promotes his business interests, and sometimes comments on contemporary political and cultural issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/07/news/companies/elon-musk-tweets-tesla-private/index.html|title=Elon Musk tweets a lot. This time was different|first=Julia|last=Horowitz|date=August 7, 2018|website=CNNMoney}}</ref><br />
<br />
Musk has faced some controversy as a result of his use of the platform. In August 2018, he claimed in a tweet that he was taking Tesla private at $420 per share, [[420 (cannabis culture)|a joking reference to marijuana]]. An SEC investigation concluded that the tweets had no basis in fact and hurt investors, resulting in separate fines to Musk and Tesla of $20 million each. The settlement also included a clause that Musk would have legal counsel approve tweets about Tesla in advance. In 2022, he was also sued by Tesla shareholders over the tweet. Musk maintains that the joke was "worth it".<ref name="Paul" /> In 2020, a tweet by Musk stating that "Tesla stock price is too high" reduced the company's value by $14 billion. Musk encountered further troubles in 2021, when he tweeted a poll about whether to sell 10% of his stock in the company, before doing so. This resulted in an SEC insider trading investigation into Musk and his brother Kimbal, relating to whether Musk told his brother in advance that he would tweet the poll.<ref name="Paul">{{cite news |last1=Paul |first1=Kari |title=Chaotic and crass: a brief timeline of Elon Musk’s history with Twitter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/apr/25/timeline-elon-musks-history-twitter |access-date=26 April 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] | date=26 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Other points of controversy have included his tweets about [[cryptocurrency]] such as [[Dogecoin]] and [[Ethereum]], which have caused their values to fluctuate,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/26/investing/bitcoin-price-dogecoin-ethereum-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Bitcoin, dogecoin and ethereum are suddenly having another great week &#124; CNN Business|first=Michelle|last=Toh|date=July 26, 2021|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/24/investing/elon-musk-bitcoin-dogecoin-tesla/index.html|title=Crypto investors to Elon Musk: Please stop tweeting!|first=Paul R. La Monica, CNN|last=Business|website=CNN}}</ref> as well as tweets downplaying the severity of COVID-19 and criticizing lockdowns, including one comparing Canadian prime minister [[Justin Trudeau]] to Hitler over vaccine mandates.<ref name="Paul" /><br />
<br />
Musk tweeted as early as 2017 expressing interest in buying the platform.<ref name="Paul" /> On January 31, 2022, Musk began steadily buying significant quantities of shares in the company, reaching a 5% stake in the company on March 14, 2022.<ref name="elder">{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/d95f6255-010d-4f1b-93db-1cc26bf40538|title=Musk and Twitter: the timeline|work=Financial Times|first=Bryce |last=Elder |date= April 6, 2022}}</ref> Musk reached a total of 73,115,038 shares on April 1, 9.13% of Twitter's overall shares, valued at the time at $2.64 billion, making him the largest shareholder in the company. Musk did not file paperwork to notify the SEC within 10 days of when his stake in the company surpassed 5%, a violation of US securities laws.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Elon Musk delayed filing a form and made $156 million |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/06/musk-twitter-sec/ |access-date=April 8, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> When Musk publicly disclosed his investment in a [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] [[13G filing]] on April 4, 2022, Twitter shares experienced the largest intraday surge since its IPO in 2013 as a flurry of trading activity resulted in the share price increasing by as much as 27%.<ref name=":15">{{cite news |last1=Imbert |first1=Fred |title=Twitter shares close up 27% after Elon Musk takes 9% stake in social media company |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/04/twitter-shares-soar-more-than-25percent-after-elon-musk-takes-9percent-stake-in-social-media-company.html |access-date=April 19, 2022 |work=[[CNBC]] | date=April 4, 2022 |language=en |quote=Twitter shares close up 27% after Elon Musk takes 9% stake in social media company}}</ref> The revelation that Musk had acquired a significant stake in Twitter followed Musk's tweets on March 25 and 26 in which he questioned Twitter's commitment to [[freedom of speech]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Welch |first1=Matt |title=Gatekeepers Very Afraid That Elon Musk Will Remove the Gates From Twitter |url=https://reason.com/2022/04/14/gatekeepers-very-afraid-that-elon-musk-will-remove-the-gates-from-twitter/?utm_medium=email |website=reason.com |date=April 14, 2022 |publisher=Reason |access-date=April 14, 2022}}</ref> and said that he was considering developing a rival social media site,<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Elon Musk snaps up $3bn Twitter stake |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60979656 |access-date=April 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Callum |title=Elon Musk becomes Twitter's biggest shareholder after taking 9.2% stake |language= |work= [[The Times]] | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/elon-musk-becomes-twitters-biggest-shareholder-after-taking-9-2-stake-p57b9wbs2 |access-date=April 4, 2022 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Turner |first1=Giles |last2=Trudell |first2=Craig |date=April 2, 2022 |title=Elon Musk Takes 9.2% Stake in Twitter After Hinting at Shake-Up |work=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-04/musk-takes-9-2-stake-in-twitter-after-questioning-platform |access-date=April 4, 2022}}</ref> although the comments were made after he had already acquired 7.5% of the company.<ref name="elder" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Placido |first1=Dani Di |title=Twitter Users Fear The Influence Of Elon Musk |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2022/04/05/twitter-users-fear-the-influence-of-elon-musk/?sh=32ab11b32365 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On April 4, Musk agreed to a deal that would see him appointed to Twitter's board of directors and prohibit him from acquiring more than 14.9% of the company,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Corfield |first=Gareth |date=April 5, 2022 |title=Elon Musk to join Twitter board |language= |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/04/05/elon-musk-floats-idea-editing-tweets-stock-swoop/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 5, 2022 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=((Twitter, Inc.)) |author1-link=Twitter |title=Form 8-K |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001418091/000119312522095651/d342257d8k.htm |website=SEC Archives |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] | access-date=April 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411094827/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001418091/000119312522095651/d342257d8k.htm |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |date=April 4, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> but Musk decided not to join the board before his appointment became effective on April 9.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McLean |first=Rob |date=April 11, 2022 |title=Twitter CEO: Elon Musk will not join Twitter board |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/11/tech/elon-musk-twitter-board/index.html |access-date=April 11, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref> On April 13, Musk made a $43 billion offer to buy Twitter, launching a takeover bid to buy 100% of Twitter's stock at $54.20 per share. In a letter to Twitter's board, he indicated his desire to take the company private: "[Twitter] will neither thrive nor serve [its [[free speech]]] societal imperative in its current form. Twitter needs to be transformed as a private company."<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Adler |first1=Maxwell |last2=Turner |first2=Giles |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Elon Musk Makes $43 Billion Unsolicited Bid to Take Twitter Private |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-14/elon-musk-launches-43-billion-hostile-takeover-of-twitter |access-date=April 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Elon Musk launches hostile takeover bid for Twitter |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220414-elon-musk-launches-hostile-takeover-bid-for-twitter |access-date=April 14, 2022 |website=Agence France Presse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2022 |title=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000110465922045641/tm2212748d1_sc13da.htm |access-date=April 14, 2022 |website=SEC.gov}}</ref> In response, Twitter's board adopted a [[shareholder rights plan]] to make it significantly more expensive for any single investor to own more than 15% of the company without approval of the board.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Soave |first1=Robby |title=Why Does Elon Musk's Potential Twitter Takeover Scare the Media So Much? |url=https://reason.com/2022/04/18/elon-musk-twitter-takeover-poison-pill-media-speech/ |website=reason.com |date=April 18, 2022 |publisher=Reason |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Feiner |first1=Lauren |title=Twitter board adopts 'poison pill' after Musk's $43 billion bid to buy company |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/15/twitter-board-adopts-poison-pill-after-musks-43-billion-offer-to-buy-company.html |access-date=April 18, 2022 |work=CNBC |date=April 15, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In a [[TED (conference)|TED]] interview, Musk showed little interest in fighting [[internet censorship]] around the world, saying that "Twitter should match the laws of the country". Instead, Musk's concern about free speech has been directed almost entirely at Twitter's [[Moderation system|moderation]] policies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |title=What Elon Musk's Twitter 'free speech' promises miss |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/4/15/23025120/elon-musk-twitter-free-speech-government-censorship |access-date=April 25, 2022 |work=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |date=April 15, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Milmo |first1=Dan |title=How 'free speech absolutist' Elon Musk would transform Twitter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/apr/14/how-free-speech-absolutist-elon-musk-would-transform-twitter |access-date=April 25, 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=April 14, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
On April 20, Musk secured funding worth $46.5 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hirsch |first1=Lauren |title=Elon Musk details his plan to pay for a $46.5 billion takeover of Twitter. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/21/business/elon-musk-twitter-funding.html |access-date=April 27, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=April 21, 2022}}</ref> The funding included $12.5 billion in loans against Musk's stock in [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]], and $21 billion in equity financing, such as from selling Tesla shares.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Isaac |first1=Mike |last2=Hirsch |first2=Lauren |title=With Deal for Twitter, Musk Lands a Prize and Pledges Fewer Limits |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/25/technology/musk-twitter-sale.html?searchResultPosition=19 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=April 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=MacMillan |first1=Douglas |last2=Siddiqui |first2=Faiz |last3=Lerman |first3=Rachel |last4=Telford |first4=Taylor |title=Elon Musk acquires Twitter for roughly $44 billion |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/25/twitter-elon-musk-deal/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |work=The Washington Post |date=April 25, 2022}}</ref> On April 25, it was reported that Twitter was prepared to accept Musk's offer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roumeliotis |first=Greg |date=April 25, 2022 |title=Twitter set to accept Musk's $43 billion offer |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] | url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-twitter-set-accept-musks-best-final-offer-sources-2022-04-25/|access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref> Later that same day, Elon Musk successfully concluded his bid to buy Twitter and bring the company [[Privately held company|private]] for approximately $44 billion.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stahl |first1=George |title=Musk-Twitter Deal Values Company at Around $44 Billion |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/twitter-elon-musk-latest-news/card/musk-twitter-deal-values-company-at-around-44-billion-MdEXkyNxU0GbJ1kqBc1M |website=www.wsj.com |publisher=Wall Street Journal |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sangal |first1=Aditi |last2=Chowdhury |first2=Maureen |last3=Wagner |first3=Meg |last4=Macaya |first4=Melissa |last5=Hayes |first5=Mike |title=Elon Musk to buy Twitter |url=https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/elon-musk-twitter/index.html |website=www.cnn.com |date=April 25, 2022 |publisher=CNN |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Brodkin |first1=Jon |title=It's happening: Elon Musk strikes deal to buy Twitter for $44 billion |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2022/04/twitter-announces-deal-to-sell-company-to-elon-musk-for-44-billion/ |website=arstechnica.com |date=April 25, 2022 |publisher=Ars Technica |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref> In a statement, Musk said:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Abbruzzese |first1=Jason |last2=Wile |first2=Rob |title=Elon Musk reaches deal to buy Twitter |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/elon-musk-reaches-deal-to-buy-twitter/ar-AAWAbFk |website=www.msn.com |publisher=MSN |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wolfe |first1=Liz |title=Elon Musk Buys Twitter, Twitter's Biggest Egos Melt Down |url=https://reason.com/2022/04/25/elon-musk-buys-twitter-twitters-biggest-egos-melt-down/ |website=reason.com |date=April 25, 2022 |publisher=Reason |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref> {{blockquote|Free speech is the bedrock of a functioning democracy, and Twitter is the digital town square where matters vital to the future of humanity are debated, I also want to make Twitter better than ever by enhancing the product with new features, making the algorithms open source to increase trust, defeating the spam bots, and authenticating all humans. Twitter has tremendous potential—I look forward to working with the company and the community of users to unlock it.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Leffer |first1=Lauren |title=Elon Musk Is Officially Buying Twitter |url=https://gizmodo.com/elon-musk-is-officially-buying-twitter-1848837212 |website=gizmodo.com |publisher=Gizmodo |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vlachou |first1=Marita |title=Elon Musk Buys Twitter For $44 Billion |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/elon-musk-buys-twitter_n_626672c4e4b00b4e01814506?y7q |website=www.huffpost.com |date=April 25, 2022 |publisher=Huffington Post |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
[[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]]'s stock sunk by more than $125 billion the next day in reaction to the deal, causing Musk to lose around $30 billion of his net worth.<ref name="Tesla’s value dropped Tuesday">{{cite news |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Faiz |title=Tesla’s value dropped Tuesday by more than double the cost of Twitter |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/26/elon-musk-tesla-twitter-stock/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |work=The Washington Post |date=April 26, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gura |first1=David |title=Tesla shares sink, wipe out over $125 billion in value, as Musk scores Twitter deal |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/04/26/1094870412/tesla-shares-sink-twitter-elon-musk |access-date=April 26, 2022 |work=NPR |date=April 26, 2022}}</ref> He subsequently tweeted criticism of Twitter executive [[Vijaya Gadde]]'s policies to his 86 million followers, which led to some of them to engage in sexist and racist harassment against her.<ref><br />
*{{cite news |last1=Woo |first1=Erin |last2=Isaac |first2=Mike |title=In tweets, Musk takes aim at Twitter executives, creating outrage. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/27/technology/twitter-elon-musk-news/in-tweets-musk-takes-aim-at-twitter-executives-creating-outrage?smid=url-copy |access-date=April 27, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=April 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030308/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/27/technology/twitter-elon-musk-news |archive-date=April 28, 2022}}<br />
*{{cite news |last1=Zakrzewski |first1=Cat |last2=Dwoskin |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Siddiqui |first3=Faiz |title=Elon Musk boosts criticism of Twitter executives, prompting online attacks |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/27/musk-twitter-attacks/ |access-date=April 27, 2022 |work=The Washington Post |date=April 27, 2022}}<br />
*{{cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |title=Twitter policy chief faces wave of harassment amid Musk criticism |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/4/27/23044521/twitter-policy-chief-vijaya-gadde-elon-musk-policy-criticism-harassment |access-date=April 27, 2022 |work=The Verge |date=April 27, 2022}}<br />
*{{cite news |last1=Wagner |first1=Kurt |last2=Adler |first2=Maxwell |title=Twitter Legal Executive Hit With Online Abuse Following Musk Tweet |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-27/musk-s-tweet-on-twitter-legal-executive-presages-wave-of-abuse |access-date=April 27, 2022 |work=Bloomberg |date=April 27, 2022}}<br />
*{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Ananya |title=An Indian-born female Twitter executive received a barrage of abuse following a Musk tweet |url=https://qz.com/2159659/twitters-vijaya-gadde-is-trolled-following-elon-musks-tweet/ |access-date=April 27, 2022 |work=Quartz |date=April 27, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Wealth ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Elon Musk net worth graph.png|thumb|alt=A graph of Musk's net worth from 2012 to 2021, displaying a roughly exponential trend|Musk's net worth from 2012 to 2021 as estimated by ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine]]<br />
Musk made $175.8 million when PayPal was sold to eBay in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Klebnikov|first=Sergei|date=August 8, 2017|title=8 Innovative Ways Elon Musk Made Money Before He Was a Billionaire|url=https://money.com/8-innovative-ways-elon-musk-made-money-before-he-was-a-billionaire/|url-status=live|access-date=April 13, 2021|website=Money|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809053228/https://money.com/8-innovative-ways-elon-musk-made-money-before-he-was-a-billionaire/}}</ref> He was first listed on the [[The World's Billionaires|''Forbes'' Billionaires List]] in 2012, with a net worth of $2 billion.<ref>{{cite news|last=Melby|first=Caleb|date=March 12, 2012|title=How Elon Musk Became A Billionaire Twice Over|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2012/03/12/how-elon-musk-became-a-billionaire-twice-over/?sh=360739d01c88|work=Forbes|access-date=February 17, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the start of 2020, Musk had a net worth of $27&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frank|first=Robert|date=January 7, 2021|title=Elon Musk is now the richest person in the world, passing Jeff Bezos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/07/elon-musk-is-now-the-richest-person-in-the-world-passing-jeff-bezos-.html|access-date=April 13, 2021|website=[[CNBC]] | archive-date=April 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406160534/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/07/elon-musk-is-now-the-richest-person-in-the-world-passing-jeff-bezos-.html|url-status=live}}</ref> By the year's end his net worth had increased by $150&nbsp;billion, largely driven by his ownership of around 20% of Tesla stock.<ref name="tesla stock">{{cite news|last=O'Kane|first=Sean|date=January 7, 2021|title=Elon Musk passes Jeff Bezos to become the richest person on Earth|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/7/22163361/elon-musk-billionaire-richest-world-jeff-bezos-tesla-stock-spacex|work=[[The Verge]] | access-date=February 17, 2021}}</ref> During this, Musk's net worth was often volatile. For example, it dropped $16.3&nbsp;billion in September, the largest single-day plunge in the history of the ''[[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pitcher|first=Jack|date=September 8, 2020|title=Elon Musk Loses Record $16.3 Billion With Wild Wealth Swings|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-08/elon-musk-loses-record-16-3-billion-with-wild-wealth-swings|work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] | access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=September 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927063219/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-08/elon-musk-loses-record-16-3-billion-with-wild-wealth-swings|url-status=live}}</ref> In November of that year, Musk passed [[Facebook]] co-founder [[Mark Zuckerberg]] to become the third-richest person in the world; a week later he passed [[Microsoft]] co-founder [[Bill Gates]] to become the second-richest.<ref name="gates">{{cite news|last=Neate|first=Rupert|date=November 14, 2020|title=Elon Musk overtakes Bill Gates to become world's second-richest person|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/nov/24/elon-musk-bill-gates-tesla-share-price-microsoft|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=January 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114031157/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/nov/24/elon-musk-bill-gates-tesla-share-price-microsoft|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2021, Musk, with a net worth of $185&nbsp;billion, surpassed [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] founder [[Jeff Bezos]] to become the richest person in the world.<ref>{{cite news|date=January 7, 2021|title=Elon Musk becomes world's richest person as wealth tops $185bn|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55578403|work=[[BBC News]] | access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=January 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108023023/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55578403|url-status=live}}</ref> Bezos reclaimed the top spot the following month.<ref>{{cite news|last=Palmer|first=Annie|date=February 16, 2021|title=Jeff Bezos overtakes Elon Musk to reclaim spot as world's richest person|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/16/jeff-bezos-reclaims-spot-as-worlds-richest-person-from-elon-musk.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216231812/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/16/jeff-bezos-reclaims-spot-as-worlds-richest-person-from-elon-musk.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On September 27, 2021, Forbes announced that Musk had a net worth of over $200 billion, and was the richest person in the world, after Tesla stock surged.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cai|first=Kenrick|title=Elon Musk Eclipses $200 Billion To Become Richest Person In The World Again|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrickcai/2021/09/27/elon-musk-200-billion-richest-person-in-the-world/|access-date=September 28, 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> In November 2021, Musk became the first person with a net worth over $300 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizahaverstock/2021/11/02/elon-musk-is-the-first-person-worth-more-than-300-billion-but-hertz-uncertainty-threatens-tesla-stock-tear/?sh=289580b521f4|title=Elon Musk Is The First Person Worth More Than $300 Billion|work=Forbes|first=Eliza|last=Haverstock|date=November 2, 2021|access-date=November 4, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Around three-quarters of Musk's wealth derives from Tesla.<ref name="gates" /> Musk does not receive a salary from Tesla; he agreed in 2018 to a compensation plan with the board that ties his personal earnings to Tesla's valuation and revenue.<ref name="tesla stock" /> The deal stipulated that Musk only receives the compensation if Tesla reaches certain market values.<ref name="payout2">{{cite news|last=Sorkin|first=Andrew Ross|date=January 23, 2018|title=Tesla's Elon Musk May Have Boldest Pay Plan in Corporate History|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/business/dealbook/tesla-elon-musk-pay.html|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=February 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211195909/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/business/dealbook/tesla-elon-musk-pay.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was the largest such deal ever done between a CEO and board.<ref name="payout" /> In the first award, given in May 2020, he was eligible to purchase 1.69&nbsp;million TSLA shares (about 1% of the company) at below-market prices, which was worth about $800&nbsp;million.<ref name="payout">{{cite news|last=O'Kane|first=Sean|date=May 28, 2020|title=Elon Musk reaches first Tesla compensation award worth nearly $800&nbsp;million|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/28/21273882/elon-musk-tesla-compensation-plan-stock-award-dollars|work=[[The Verge]] | access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=February 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202011557/https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/28/21273882/elon-musk-tesla-compensation-plan-stock-award-dollars|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="payout2" /><br />
<br />
Musk paid $455 million in taxes on $1.52 billion of income between 2014 and 2018.<ref name="CNBCTax">{{cite news |last1=Browne |first1=Ryan |title=Elon Musk says he will pay over $11 billion in taxes this year |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/20/elon-musk-says-he-will-pay-over-11-billion-in-taxes-this-year.html |access-date=March 3, 2022 |publisher=CNBC |date=December 20, 2021}}</ref> According to [[ProPublica]], Musk paid no federal income taxes in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mangan|first=Dan|date=June 8, 2021|title=Bezos, Buffett, Bloomberg, Musk, Icahn and Soros pay tiny fraction of wealth in income taxes, report reveals|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/08/bezos-musk-buffett-bloomberg-icahn-and-soros-pay-little-in-taxes.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref> His 2021 tax bill was estimated at $12 billion based on his sale of $14 billion worth of Tesla stock.<ref name="CNBCTax" /><br />
<br />
Musk has repeatedly described himself as "[[wikt:cash poor|cash poor]]",<ref name="cash">{{cite news|last=Pendeleton|first=Devon|date=January 6, 2021|title=Elon Musk Surpasses Jeff Bezos to Become World's Richest Person|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-06/musk-close-to-surpassing-bezos-as-world-s-richest-person|work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] | access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106191553/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-06/musk-close-to-surpassing-bezos-as-world-s-richest-person|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wsj">{{cite news|last=Higgins|first=Tim|date=May 8, 2020|title=Elon Musk, Tech's Cash-Poor Billionaire|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-techs-cash-poor-billionaire-11588967043|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216200534/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-techs-cash-poor-billionaire-11588967043|url-status=live}}</ref> and has "professed to have little interest in the material trappings of wealth".<ref name="cash" /> In 2012, Musk signed [[The Giving Pledge]] and, in May 2020, pledged to "sell almost all physical possessions".<ref name="wsj" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Popken|first=Ben|date=January 22, 2021|title=Musk to donate sliver of net worth for carbon capture|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/elon-musk-donate-sliver-net-worth-carbon-capture-n1255402|work=[[NBC News]] | access-date=February 25, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205183120/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/elon-musk-donate-sliver-net-worth-carbon-capture-n1255402|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Musk defended his wealth by saying he is "accumulating resources to help make life multiplanetary [and] extend the light of consciousness to the stars".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Woodward|first=Alex|date=March 22, 2021|title=Bernie Sanders responds to Elon Musk's space travel plans with call for progressive taxes|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/bernie-sanders-elon-musk-space-b1820744.html|url-status=live|access-date=April 13, 2021|website=[[The Independent]] | archive-date=April 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413233021/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/bernie-sanders-elon-musk-space-b1820744.html}}</ref> In the early 2000s, Musk was<!-- he bacame one? or he was one and no longer is? -->{{clarify|date=March 2022}} a private pilot, his favorite aircraft then being the [[Aero L-39 Albatros|L-39 Albatros]], though he decided to stop piloting by 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mosher|first=Dave|title=Elon Musk used to fly 'a Russian fighter jet' while founding SpaceX and Tesla and raising his kids|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-flew-military-l39-fighter-jet-trainer-airplanes-2018-8|access-date=November 7, 2021|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 15, 2019|title=Which jets do Jeff Bezos and other tech billionaires own?|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/tech-design/article/3001626/which-private-jets-do-tech-billionaires-jeff-bezos-bill|access-date=November 7, 2021|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> He uses a private jet owned by SpaceX<ref name="flight">{{Cite web|last=Geuss|first=Megan|date=January 30, 2019|title=Elon Musk's private jet appears to make frivolous flights, per Washington Post|url=https://arstechnica.com/cars/2019/01/elon-musk-private-jet-flew-150000-miles-in-2018-washington-post-reports/|access-date=April 14, 2021|website=Ars Technica|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414015748/https://arstechnica.com/cars/2019/01/elon-musk-private-jet-flew-150000-miles-in-2018-washington-post-reports/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Harris|first=Mark|date=July 5, 2020|title=Would You Pay $7,500 to Educate Your Kid Like Elon Musk's?|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/would-you-pay-dollar7500-to-educate-your-kid-like-elon-musks|access-date=April 14, 2021|archive-date=November 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104121912/https://www.thedailybeast.com/would-you-pay-dollar7500-to-educate-your-kid-like-elon-musks|url-status=live}}</ref> and acquired a second jet in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rapier|first=Graham|title=Elon Musk now has another lavish Gulfstream private jet in his arsenal|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-acquire-second-gulfstream-private-jet-faa-records-2020-8|access-date=November 7, 2021|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> The jet's heavy use of [[fossil fuel]]s—it flew over 150,000 miles in 2018—has received criticism.<ref name="flight" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Harwell|first=Drew|date=January 29, 2019|title=Elon Musk's highflying 2018: What 150,000 miles in a private jet reveal about his 'excruciating' year|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/elon-musks-highflying-2018-what-150000-miles-in-a-private-jet-reveal-about-his-excruciating-year/2019/01/29/83b5604e-20ee-11e9-8b59-0a28f2191131_story.html|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | access-date=May 14, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Views ==<br />
<br />
{{Main|Views of Elon Musk}}<br />
<br />
=== U.S. politics ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Vice President Pence at the Kennedy Space Center (49946170631).jpg|thumb|alt=Musk converses with US Vice President Mike Pence, the Second Lady, and other officials|Musk with then US Vice President [[Mike Pence]] in 2020 at the [[Kennedy Space Center]] shortly before [[SpaceX]]'s [[Crew Dragon Demo-2]] launch]]<br />
<br />
In 2015, Musk stated he was a "significant (though not top-tier) donor to Democrats" but that he also gives heavily to Republicans. Musk said that political contributions are a requirement to have a voice in the United States government.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite news|date=February 20, 2013|title=Elon Musk, SpaceX Founder, Battles Entrenched Rivals Over NASA Contracts|work=[[The Huffington Post]] | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/20/elon-musk-spacex_n_2727312.html|access-date=May 30, 2015|archive-date=May 30, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530231139/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/20/elon-musk-spacex_n_2727312.html}}</ref> Musk criticized [[Donald Trump]] for his stance on [[climate change]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 29, 2020|title=Elon Musk says he may vote for Trump, despite climate crisis|first=Madeline|last=Roth|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election/elon-musk-vote-trump-president-us-elections-b681470.html|access-date=April 12, 2021|work=[[The Independent]] | archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412062314/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election/elon-musk-vote-trump-president-us-elections-b681470.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and after joining Trump's two business advisory councils,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/12/14/13954102/elon-musk-travis-kalanick-donald-trump-strategic-policy-forum|title=Elon Musk and Travis Kalanick are joining Donald Trump's strategic and policy forum|last=Bhuiyan|first=Johana|date=December 14, 2016|work=Vox|access-date=March 7, 2020|archive-date=March 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325223216/https://www.vox.com/2016/12/14/13954102/elon-musk-travis-kalanick-donald-trump-strategic-policy-forum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/elon-musk-become-trump-adviser-532188|title=Donald Trump has asked for Elon Musk's help|first=Anthony|last=Cuthbertson|date=December 15, 2016|website=Newsweek|access-date=March 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803161648/https://www.newsweek.com/elon-musk-become-trump-adviser-532188|archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref> Musk resigned from both in June 2017 in protest against Trump's decision to [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|withdraw the United States]] from the [[Paris Agreement]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Timothy B.|date=June 1, 2017|title=Elon Musk has cut ties with Trump over his Paris decision|url=https://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/6/1/15724042/paris-climate-agreement-elon-musk|access-date=May 16, 2021|website=Vox}}</ref> In the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020 Democratic presidential primaries]], Musk endorsed candidate [[Andrew Yang]] and expressed support for his proposed [[universal basic income]];<ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-10/elon-musk-says-he-supports-2020-white-house-hopeful-andrew-yang |url-access=limited |title=Elon Musk Says He Supports 2020 White House Hopeful Andrew Yang |author=Maria Jose Valero|work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] | access-date=August 10, 2019 |date=August 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406194427/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-10/elon-musk-says-he-supports-2020-white-house-hopeful-andrew-yang|archive-date=April 6, 2020}}</ref> he endorsed [[Kanye West]]'s independent [[Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign|campaign]] in the general election.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Kirkpatrick|first=Emily|title=Elon Musk Supports Kanye West's Run for President...Again|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/07/elon-musk-kanye-west-president-support-again|access-date=September 5, 2020|magazine=Vanity Fair|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183739/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/07/elon-musk-kanye-west-president-support-again|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk has stated that he thinks a theoretical government on Mars should be [[direct democracy]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grush|first=Loren|date=May 11, 2020|title=Elon Musk thinks the best government for Mars is a direct democracy|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/2/11837590/elon-musk-mars-government-direct-democracy-law-code-conference|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719185616/https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/2/11837590/elon-musk-mars-government-direct-democracy-law-code-conference|archive-date=July 19, 2020|access-date=May 11, 2020|website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> In September 2021, following the adoption of Texas' strict abortion restrictions, Texas Governor [[Greg Abbott]] stated that Musk and SpaceX supported Texas' "social policies". In response, Musk stated, "In general, I believe government should rarely impose its will upon the people, and, when doing so, should aspire to maximize their cumulative happiness. That said, I would prefer to stay out of politics."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Breuninger |first1=Lora Kolodny,Kevin |title=Elon Musk declines to address Texas abortion law directly after Gov. Greg Abbott's comments |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/02/texas-abortion-law-elon-musk-reacts-to-gov-greg-abbotts-comments.html |website=CNBC |access-date=September 7, 2021 |date=September 2, 2021}}</ref> Regarding Democratic proposals for increased [[Wealth tax|taxes on billionaires]], Musk's responses have included critical policy remarks and lashing out at proponents such as [[Ron Wyden|Senator Ron Wyden]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levin|first=Bess|date=October 27, 2021|title=Elon Musk Throws a S--t Fit Over the Possibility of Being Taxed His Fair Share|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/10/elon-musk-billionaires-tax|access-date=November 8, 2021|website=Vanity Fair Blogs-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=November 8, 2021|title=Elon Musk Tweets Vulgar Crack at Sen. Ron Wyden|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/elon-musk-tweets-vulgar-crack-at-sen-ron-wyden|access-date=November 8, 2021|website=The Daily Beast}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2021, Musk was criticized after mocking U.S. Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] on Twitter. Sanders posted a message on Twitter saying "We must demand that the extremely wealthy pay their fair share. Period." Musk then replied: "I keep forgetting that you're still alive."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pengelly|first=Martin|date=November 14, 2021|title=Elon Musk targets Bernie Sanders over tax: 'I keep forgetting you're still alive'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/nov/14/elon-musk-bernie-sanders-tax-twitter|access-date=November 18, 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Maruf|first=Ramishah|title='I keep forgetting you're still alive:' Elon Musk trolls Bernie Sanders on Twitter|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/14/business/elon-musk-bernie-sanders-tweet/index.html|access-date=November 18, 2021|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lenthang|first=Marlene|date=November 15, 2021|title=Elon Musk targets Sen. Bernie Sanders over tax tweet: 'I keep forgetting that you're still alive'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/elon-musk-targets-sen-bernie-sanders-tax-tweet-keep-forgetting-re-stil-rcna5578|access-date=November 18, 2021|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== COVID-19 ===<br />
<br />
{{Tweet<br />
| text = Based on current trends, probably close to zero new cases in US too by end of April<br />
| name = Elon Musk<br />
| username = elonmusk<br />
| image = Elon Musk Royal Society (crop1).jpg<br />
| date = March 19, 2020<br />
| ID = 1240754657263144960<br />
| url-status = live<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200319221744/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1240754657263144960<br />
| archive-date = March 19, 2020<br />
| width = 320px<br />
| left = a<br />
}}<br />
Musk was criticized for his public comments and conduct related to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|last=Kolodny|first=Lora|date=March 17, 2020|title=Tesla factory is still open for business as Musk tells employees 'I will personally be at work'|work=[[CNBC]] | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/17/tesla-keeps-fremont-factory-open-amid-covid-19-shelter-in-place-orders.html|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=May 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510081847/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/17/tesla-keeps-fremont-factory-open-amid-covid-19-shelter-in-place-orders.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Koren|first=Marina|date=May 10, 2020|title=The Cult of Elon Is Cracking|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/elon-musk-coronavirus-pandemic-tweets/611887/|work=The Atlantic|access-date=February 2, 2021|archive-date=December 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210082850/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/elon-musk-coronavirus-pandemic-tweets/611887/|url-status=live}}</ref> He spread [[COVID-19 misinformation|misinformation]] about the virus, including promoting [[chloroquine]] and assuming that death statistics were manipulated.<ref name="standardelon">{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/elon-musk-coronavirus-tests-positive-negative-b69559.html|website=Evening Standard|title=Elon Musk claims he tested positive and negative for coronavirus on the same day after four tests|date=November 13, 2020|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=November 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117134236/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/elon-musk-coronavirus-tests-positive-negative-b69559.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elon Musk is dangerously wrong about the novel coronavirus|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241180/elon-musk-coronavirus-conspiracy-misinformation-tesla|last=Brandom|first=Russell|date=April 29, 2020|website=[[The Verge]] | access-date=May 6, 2020|archive-date=May 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524022312/https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241180/elon-musk-coronavirus-conspiracy-misinformation-tesla|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="McFall-Johnsen 2020">{{cite web | last=McFall-Johnsen | first=Morgan | title=Elon Musk promoted coronavirus misinformation for months. Then his own infection kept him out of SpaceX's astronaut launch. | website=Business Insider | date=November 25, 2020 | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-promoted-coronavirus-misinformation-then-tested-positive-2020-11 | access-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Walsh|first=Joe|title=Elon Musk's False Covid Predictions: A Timeline|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/2021/03/13/elon-musks-false-covid-predictions-a-timeline/|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ritschel 2020">{{cite web | last=Ritschel | first=Chelsea | title=Elon Musk 'mansplains' coronavirus to infectious disease expert | website=The Independent | date=July 2, 2020 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/elon-musk-coronavirus-mansplaining-angela-rasmussen-twitter-a9598976.html | access-date=January 20, 2022}}</ref> At the start of the pandemic, he claimed that children "[[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children|are essentially immune]]" to the [[SARS-CoV-2]] coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-51975377|title=Coronavirus: Elon Musk 'child immunity' tweet will stay online|work=[[BBC News]] | date=March 20, 2020|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412184446/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-51975377|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fried|first=Ina|date=March 20, 2020|title=Twitter lets Musk's coronavirus misinformation stand|url=https://www.axios.com/twitter-lets-musks-coronavirus-misinformation-stand-0f05b1fa-d1e7-4d9b-91f7-95c7311748d1.html|work=Axios|access-date=February 2, 2021|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224212820/https://www.axios.com/twitter-lets-musks-coronavirus-misinformation-stand-0f05b1fa-d1e7-4d9b-91f7-95c7311748d1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Twitter determined that, given the "overall context and conclusion of the Tweet", it did not break their rules on COVID-19 commentary; the decision was described as "irresponsible" by ''[[The Verge]]''.<ref name="O'Kane">{{cite news|last= O'Kane|first=Sean|work=The Verge|date=March 20, 2020|title=Twitter won't remove irresponsible Elon Musk tweet about coronavirus|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/20/21187760/twitter-elon-musk-tweet-coronavirus-misinformation|access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Musk also called "the coronavirus panic...dumb".<ref>{{cite news|last=Cooper|first=Gael Fashingbauer|date=March 6, 2020|title=Elon Musk draws ire after calling panic over coronavirus epidemic 'dumb'|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-draws-ire-after-calling-panic-over-coronavirus-epidemic-dumb/|work=Cnet|access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903235201/https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-draws-ire-after-calling-panic-over-coronavirus-epidemic-dumb/|archive-date=September 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last= Bursztynsky|first=Jessica|date=March 6, 2020|title=Elon Musk says 'the coronavirus panic is dumb' as tech peers shift to remote work|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/06/teslas-elon-musk-says-the-coronavirus-panic-is-dumb.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808034740/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/06/teslas-elon-musk-says-the-coronavirus-panic-is-dumb.html|archive-date=August 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Boudette|first1=Neal E.|last2=Flitter|first2=Emily|date=May 9, 2020|title=Elon Musk Lashes Out at Officials Keeping Tesla Plant Closed Over Virus|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/09/business/coronavirus-elon-musk-tesla-california.html|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901054355/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/09/business/coronavirus-elon-musk-tesla-california.html|archive-date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> Musk repeatedly criticized lockdowns and defied local [[shelter-in-place]] orders by re-opening the [[Tesla Fremont Factory|Tesla Fremont factory]] in March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-18/tesla-plan-to-keep-factory-open-thrown-up-in-the-air-by-sheriff|title=Tesla Plan to Keep Factory Open Thrown Up in Air by Sheriff|website=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=March 18, 2020|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604084251/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-18/tesla-plan-to-keep-factory-open-thrown-up-in-the-air-by-sheriff|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cisa.gov/critical-manufacturing-sector|title=Critical Manufacturing Sector|author=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|date=December 4, 2018|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-date=June 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607140035/https://www.cisa.gov/critical-manufacturing-sector|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tiku|first1=Nitasha|last2=Siddiqui|first2=Faiz|date=April 30, 2020|title=Elon Musk mobilizes tech elites behind reopening society|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/04/30/musk-coronavirus-quarantines/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | access-date=February 2, 2021|archive-date=November 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120213036/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/04/30/musk-coronavirus-quarantines/|url-status=live}}</ref> In an internal email sent to all Tesla employees, Musk referred to [[COVID-19]] as a "specific form of the [[common cold]]" and predicted that confirmed COVID-19 cases will not exceed 0.1% ''(n.b., one tenth of one percent)'' of the US population.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lambert |first1=Fred |title=Elon Musk says ‘coronavirus panic is worse than virus itself’ in email to Tesla employees |url=https://electrek.co/2020/03/17/elon-musk-tesla-coronavirus-panic-email/ |access-date=28 April 2022 |publisher=Electrek |date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317104456/https://electrek.co/2020/03/17/elon-musk-tesla-coronavirus-panic-email/ |archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Commenting on a ''New York Times'' report that China had reported no new cases of domestic spread of the novel coronavirus, Musk predicted that there would be "probably close to zero new cases in US by the end of April [2020]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Darby|first=Luke|date=May 12, 2020|title=After Predicting "Close to Zero New Cases" by the End of April, Elon Musk Defies Public Health Orders and Reopens Tesla Factory|url=https://www.gq.com/story/elon-musk-arrest-me|work=GQ|access-date=January 31, 2021|archive-date=November 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126162923/https://www.gq.com/story/elon-musk-arrest-me|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Koren|first=Marina|date=May 20, 2020|title=The Cult of Elon Is Cracking|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/elon-musk-coronavirus-pandemic-tweets/611887/|work=The Atlantic|access-date=January 31, 2021|archive-date=December 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210082850/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/elon-musk-coronavirus-pandemic-tweets/611887/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' later labeled this statement one of "the most audacious, confident and spectacularly incorrect prognostications [of 2020]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/12/29/worst-predictions-about-2020-451444|title=The Worst Predictions of 2020|date=December 29, 2020|access-date=December 30, 2020|work=Politico|first=Zack|last=Stanton|archive-date=December 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229182244/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/12/29/worst-predictions-about-2020-451444|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2020, the phrase "Space [[Karen (pejorative)|Karen]]" [[Twitter trends|trended on Twitter]] in connection with Musk after he tweeted misinformation about the effectiveness of [[COVID-19 testing]].<ref name="O'Kane" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Andrews|first=Travis M.|date=November 17, 2020|title=A scientist's viral tweet called Elon Musk 'Space Karen' — as a way to defend science|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/17/space-karen-elon-musk/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111034119/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/17/space-karen-elon-musk/|url-status=live|quote=On Sunday, that misinformation came from Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk, who tweeted about rapid antigen tests to his more than 40&nbsp;million followers. "Something extremely bogus is going on," Musk wrote.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pesce|first=Nicole Lyn|date=November 21, 2020|title=Why Elon Musk is being called 'Space Karen' on Twitter|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/why-elon-musk-is-being-called-space-karen-on-twitter-2020-11-16|work=Market Watch|access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=November 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129220421/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/why-elon-musk-is-being-called-space-karen-on-twitter-2020-11-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Cuthbertson|first=Anthony|date=November 16, 2020|title=Elon Musk Forced to Watch Historic SpaceX Launch from Home and Mocked as 'Space Karen' After Catching COVID|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/elon-musk-coronavirus-spacex-launch-covid-b1723556.html|work=[[The Independent]] | access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121040828/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/elon-musk-coronavirus-spacex-launch-covid-b1723556.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Also in March 2020, Musk offered to donate [[ventilator]]s which [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] would build or buy from a third party.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|title=We will give away all our ventilators, whether we buy them or build them|url=https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1243567346503094276|access-date=September 13, 2020|website=Twitter|archive-date=August 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828050617/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1243567346503094276|url-status=live}}</ref> Multiple hospitals noted that the devices eventually donated were [[Bi-level positive airway pressure|BiPAP]] and [[CPAP machine]]s, not the much more expensive and sought-after invasive mechanical ventilator (IMV) machines, but the devices could still be used to free up ventilators for the sickest patients.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnson|first=Martin|date=April 17, 2020|title=California hospitals say Elon Musk sent them BiPAP, CPAP machines, not ventilators|url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/493386-california-hospitals-say-elon-musk-sent-them-bipap-cpap-machines-not|access-date=November 3, 2020|work=The Hill|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025063941/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/493386-california-hospitals-say-elon-musk-sent-them-bipap-cpap-machines-not|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Carville|first1=Olivia|last2=Hull|first2=Dana|date=April 17, 2020|title=Elon Musk's 'Ventilators' Arrived at Hospitals — With Some Assembly Required|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-17/hospitals-made-use-of-modified-tesla-donated-breathing-machines|work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] | access-date=January 23, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129020914/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-17/hospitals-made-use-of-modified-tesla-donated-breathing-machines|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Invasive Mechanical Ventilation |journal= Southern Medical Journal|year= 2018|pmc= 6284234|last1= Walter|first1= J. M.|last2= Corbridge|first2= T. C.|last3= Singer|first3= B. D.|volume= 111|issue= 12|pages= 746–753|doi= 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000905|pmid= 30512128}}</ref> Invasive ventilators can cost up to $50,000, whereas CPAP machines can be purchased for around $500.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Researchers Modify Sleep Apnea Machines to Ease Ventilator Shortage |author= |work=AJMC |date= |access-date=January 10, 2022 |url= https://www.ajmc.com/view/researchers-modify-sleep-apnea-machines-to-ease-ventilator-shortage}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2021, findings of an [[Serological testing|antibody-testing]] program that SpaceX worked with doctors and academic researchers to create were published in ''[[Nature Communications]]'' with Musk listed as a co-author.<ref>{{cite news|last=Krouse|first=Sarah|date=February 20, 2021|title=Elon Musk Got 4,000 SpaceX Workers to Join a Covid-19 Study. Here's What He Learned.|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-got-4-000-spacex-workers-to-join-a-covid-19-study-heres-what-he-learned-11613826001|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=February 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221922/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-got-4-000-spacex-workers-to-join-a-covid-19-study-heres-what-he-learned-11613826001|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title= Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability |journal= [[Nature Communications]] | doi = 10.1038/s41467-021-21336-8 |first1= Yannic C. |last1= Bartsch |first2= Stephanie |last2= Fischinger |first3= Sameed M. |last3= Siddiqui |first4= Zhilin |last4= Chen |first5= Jingyou |last5= Yu |first6= Makda |last6= Gebre |first7= Caroline |last7= Atyeo |first8= Matthew J. |last8= Gorman |first9= Alex Lee |last9= Zhu |first10= Jaewon |last10= Kang |first11= John S. |last11= Burke |first12= Matthew |last12= Slein |first13= Matthew J. |last13= Gluck |first14= Samuel |last14= Beger |first15= Yiyuan |last15= Hu |first16=Justin |last16= Rhee |first17= Eric |last17= Petersen |first18= Benjamin |last18= Mormann |first19= Michael |last19= de St Aubin |first20= Mohammad A. |last20= Hasdianda |first21= Guruprasad |last21= Jambaulikar |first22=Edward W. |last22= Boyer |first23=Pardis C. |last23= Sabeti |author-link23= Pardis Sabeti |first24= Dan H. |last24= Barouch |author-link24= Dan Barouch |first25= Boris D. |last25= Julg |first26= Elon R. |last26= Musk |first27= Anil S. |last27= Menon |first28= Douglas A. |last28= Lauffenburger |author-link28= Doug Lauffenburger |first29= Eric J. |last29= Nilles |first30= Galit |last30= Alter |author-link30= Galit Alter |date=February 15, 2021 |volume= 12 |issue= 1 |page= 1018 |pmid= 33589636 |pmc= 7884400 |bibcode= 2021NatCo..12.1018B |doi-access= free }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Canada convoy protest ===<br />
<br />
{{Tweet<br />
| text = Canadian truckers rule<br />
| name = Elon Musk<br />
| username = elonmusk<br />
| image = Elon Musk Royal Society (crop1).jpg<br />
| date = January 27, 2022<br />
| ID = 1486772334635536395<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220127184537/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1486772334635536395<br />
| archive-date = January 27, 2022<br />
| url-status = live<br />
| width = 320px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
On January 27, 2022, Musk tweeted "Canadian truckers rule," praising the [[Canada convoy protest]] against [[COVID-19 vaccine]] mandates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anti-vaccine Canada truckers roll toward Ottawa, praised by Tesla's Musk |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/anti-vaccine-canada-truckers-roll-toward-ottawa-praised-by-teslas-musk-2022-01-27/ |access-date=27 April 2022 |agency=Reuters |date=27 January 2022}}</ref> Three days later, Musk wrote in a Tweet, "If Canadian government is suppressing peaceful protests, that's where fascism lies."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Neate |first1=Rupert |title=Elon Musk criticised for likening Justin Trudeau to Adolf Hitler in tweet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/feb/17/elon-musk-criticised-for-comparing-justin-trudeau-to-adolf-hitler-tweet-auschwitz |access-date=27 April 2022 |publisher=The Guardian |date=17 February 2022}}</ref> Later on the same day, Musk tweeted an image of the truck convoy with the caption, "Taking a break from politics for a while. Here's a nice photo of trucks.<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1487842692704862214 |date=30 January 2022 |title=Taking a break from politics for a while. Here's a nice photo of trucks. |link=https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1487842692704862214 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130173856/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1487842692704862214 |archive-date=30 January 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2022, apparently supporting the convoy protesters, Musk tweeted and later deleted a meme comparing Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] to [[Adolf Hitler]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Elon Musk tweets, then deletes, meme comparing Trudeau to Hitler |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/elon-musk-tweets-then-deletes-meme-comparing-trudeau-hitler-2022-02-17/ |access-date=27 April 2022 |agency=Reuters |date=17 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217223330/https://www.reuters.com/world/elon-musk-tweets-then-deletes-meme-comparing-trudeau-hitler-2022-02-17/|archive-date=17 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Trudeau's government had recently ordered Canadian banks to cut funding to the convoy protesters. The [[Auschwitz Museum]] accused Musk of exploiting the tragedy of [[the Holocaust]], and the [[American Jewish Committee]] demanded an apology.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Neate |first1=Rupert |title=Elon Musk criticised for likening Justin Trudeau to Adolf Hitler in tweet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/feb/17/elon-musk-criticised-for-comparing-justin-trudeau-to-adolf-hitler-tweet-auschwitz |access-date=27 April 2022 |publisher=The Guardian |date=17 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Gender identity ===<br />
<br />
In July 2020, Musk tweeted "[[Preferred gender pronoun|Pronouns]] suck" to significant backlash on Twitter, including from his partner [[Grimes]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Langford|first1=Jackson|title=Grimes tells Elon Musk that she 'cannot support hate' after he tweets 'pronouns suck'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/grimes-tells-elon-musk-that-she-cannot-support-hate-after-he-tweets-pronouns-suck-2714960?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=grimes-tells-elon-musk-that-she-cannot-support-hate-after-he-tweets-pronouns-suck&|website=NME|date=July 25, 2020|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=July 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725080816/https://www.nme.com/news/music/grimes-tells-elon-musk-that-she-cannot-support-hate-after-he-tweets-pronouns-suck-2714960?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=grimes-tells-elon-musk-that-she-cannot-support-hate-after-he-tweets-pronouns-suck&|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kirkpatrick|first=Emily|date=July 27, 2020|title=Grimes Told Elon Musk to Turn Off His Phone After Tweeting That "Pronouns Suck"|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/07/elon-musk-grimes-pronouns-twitter-johnny-depp-cage-fight|magazine=Vanity Fair|access-date=January 12, 2021|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121020830/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/07/elon-musk-grimes-pronouns-twitter-johnny-depp-cage-fight|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=O'Connor|first=Roisin|date=July 25, 2020|title=Grimes tells Elon Musk 'turn off your phone' after Tesla CEO's gender pronouns tweet|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/grimes-elon-musk-gender-pronoun-tweet-a9637401.html|work=[[The Independent]] | access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107195012/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/grimes-elon-musk-gender-pronoun-tweet-a9637401.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The tweet has been perceived by some as [[transphobic]] and an attack on [[non-binary]] [[gender identity|gender identities]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 28, 2020|title=Elon Musk's Transphobia on Twitter Is Not a Joke|url=https://observer.com/2020/07/elon-musk-grimes-twitter-transphobia-pronouns-suck/|access-date=August 4, 2020|website=Observer|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809080951/https://observer.com/2020/07/elon-musk-grimes-twitter-transphobia-pronouns-suck/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a series of December 2020 tweets, Musk again mocked the use of preferred gender pronouns. The [[Human Rights Campaign]], which had previously given Tesla the number one ranking on its [[Corporate Equality Index]], criticized his tweets and called for an apology.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kolodny|first=Lora|date=December 17, 2020|title=Elon Musk should apologize for mocking gender pronouns, says group that gave Tesla top LGBTQ-friendly rating|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/17/elon-musk-should-apologize-for-mocking-gender-pronouns-says-hrc.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=December 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104080931/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/17/elon-musk-should-apologize-for-mocking-gender-pronouns-says-hrc.html|archive-date=January 4, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Harevy|first=Josephine|date=December 16, 2020|title=Elon Musk Skewered For Tweet Complaining About Pronouns In Bios|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/elon-musk-pronouns-reaction_n_5fda9048c5b6102009874312|work=[[The Huffington Post]] | access-date=January 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112200005/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/elon-musk-pronouns-reaction_n_5fda9048c5b6102009874312|archive-date=January 12, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Public transportation ===<br />
<br />
Despite his companies' dealing in various areas of transportation, Musk has criticized [[public transport]]ation,<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/dec/21/elon-musk-public-transport-transit-painful-twitter|title='I met my wife on a train platform': Twitter responds to Elon Musk with positive public transport stories|last=Hunt|first=Elle|date=December 21, 2017|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=December 23, 2017|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=March 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314203855/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/dec/21/elon-musk-public-transport-transit-painful-twitter|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-awkward-dislike-mass-transit/|title=Elon Musk Really Doesn't Like Mass Transit Systems He's Trying to Build|last=Marshall|first=Aarian|date=December 14, 2017|magazine=Wired|access-date=December 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022163753/https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-awkward-dislike-mass-transit/|archive-date=October 22, 2020}}</ref> a stance that has been called [[Elitism|elitist]], as public modes of transportation provide service for all persons, while cars can be used only by those who own or rent and can drive them.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Brown|first=Mike|date=December 15, 2017|title=Elon Musk Sparks Heated Twitter Debate Over Boring Company's Vision|work=Inverse|url=https://www.inverse.com/article/39433-elon-musk-sparks-heated-twitter-debate-over-boring-company-s-vision|access-date=December 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010075635/https://www.inverse.com/article/39433-elon-musk-sparks-heated-twitter-debate-over-boring-company-s-vision|archive-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Vuchic|first=Vukan R.|title=Urban Public Transportation System|date=April 26, 2012|chapter=Ensuring Sustainability Through Mass Transit|chapter-url=https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40717%28148%2942|language=EN|pages=483–489|doi=10.1061/40717(148)42|isbn=978-0-7844-0717-2}}</ref> In December 2017, in response to an audience question about his take on public transit and urban sprawl, at a Tesla event on the sidelines of the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference in Long Beach, California, Musk remarked:<ref>{{Cite news|last=Marshall|first=Aarian|title=Elon Musk Really Doesn't Like Mass Transit Systems He's Trying to Build|language=en-US|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-awkward-dislike-mass-transit/|access-date=December 22, 2021|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sampson|first=Rich|title=What Elon Musk doesn't understand about public transit hurts everyone|url=https://qz.com/1165724/elon-musks-comments-about-public-transit-hurts-everyone/|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=Quartz|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|text="There is this premise that good things must be somehow painful. I think public transport is painful. It sucks. Why do you want to get on something with a lot of other people, that doesn't leave where you want it to leave, doesn't start where you want it to start, doesn't end where you want it to end? And it doesn't go all the time."<br />
<br />
"It's a pain in the ass, that's why everyone doesn't like it. And there's like a bunch of random strangers, one of who might be a serial killer, OK, great. And so that's why people like individualized transport, that goes where you want, when you want."<br />
<br />
When the audience member responded that public transportation seemed to work in Japan, Musk shot back, "What, where they cram people in the subway? That doesn't sound great."}}<br />
<br />
His comments have sparked widespread criticism from both transportation and [[urban planning]] experts, which have pointed out that public transportation in dense [[urban area]]s is more economical, more energy efficient and requires much less space than private cars.<ref>{{cite news|last=LeVine|first=Steve|date=December 28, 2017|title=Elon Musk's mean Twitter persona|work=Axios|url=https://www.axios.com/elon-musks-mean-twitter-persona-2519102985.html|url-status=live|access-date=October 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229113747/https://www.axios.com/elon-musks-mean-twitter-persona-2519102985.html|archive-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="guardian54">{{cite news|last=Hunt|first=Elle|date=December 21, 2017|title='I met my wife on a train platform': Twitter responds to Elon Musk with positive public transport stories|work=[[The Guardian]] | location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/dec/21/elon-musk-public-transport-transit-painful-twitter|access-date=October 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827033023/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/dec/21/elon-musk-public-transport-transit-painful-twitter|archive-date=August 27, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":14" /><br />
<br />
=== Free market ===<br />
<br />
Musk has stated that he does not believe the U.S. government should provide [[subsidies]] to companies; instead they should use a [[carbon tax]] to discourage poor behavior.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kolodny|first=Lora|date=October 8, 2021|title=Elon Musk endorses a carbon tax, downplays concerns about methane|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/07/elon-musk-endorses-carbon-tax-at-tesla-shareholder-meeting.html|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Clifford|first=Catherine|date=February 12, 2021|title=Elon Musk: 'My top recommendation' for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a carbon tax|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/12/elon-musk-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-with-a-carbon-tax.html|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Musk says that the [[free market]] would achieve the best solution, and that producing environmentally unfriendly vehicles should come with its own consequences.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://qz.com/564782/elon-musk-says-tax-free-carbon-is-the-dumbest-experiment-in-history/|title=Elon Musk says tax-free carbon is "the dumbest experiment in history"|last1=Werber|first1=Cassie|work=Quartz|access-date=August 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826161408/https://qz.com/564782/elon-musk-says-tax-free-carbon-is-the-dumbest-experiment-in-history/|archive-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> His stance has been called hypocritical as his businesses have received billions of dollars in subsidies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/10/tesla-motors-free-ride-elon-musk-government-subsidies|title=Taxpayer Subsidies Helped Tesla Motors, So Why Does Elon Musk Slam Them?|website=Mother Jones|access-date=April 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616165121/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/10/tesla-motors-free-ride-elon-musk-government-subsidies/|archive-date=June 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lalljee|first=Jason|date=December 15, 2021|title=Elon Musk is speaking out against government subsidies. Here's a list of the billions of dollars his businesses have received.|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-list-government-subsidies-tesla-billions-spacex-solarcity-2021-12|url-status=live|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215140920/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-list-government-subsidies-tesla-billions-spacex-solarcity-2021-12 |archive-date=December 15, 2021 }}</ref> In addition, Tesla made large sums from government-initiated systems of zero emissions credits offered in [[Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles#California|California]] and the [[Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States#Government support|United States federal level]], which enabled improved initial consumer adoption of Tesla vehicles, as the [[tax credit]]s given by governments enabled Tesla's [[battery electric vehicle]]s to be price-competitive, in relative comparison with existing lower-priced [[internal combustion engine]] vehicles.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Plumer|first=Brad|date=July 8, 2017|title=When Will Electric Cars Go Mainstream? It May Be Sooner Than You Think|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/08/climate/electric-cars-batteries.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708071840/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/08/climate/electric-cars-batteries.html |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=December 22, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Notably, Tesla generates a sizeable portion of its revenue from its sales of [[carbon credit]]s granted to the company, by both the [[European Union Emissions Trading System]] and the [[Chinese national carbon trading scheme]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kharpal|first=Arjun|date=May 18, 2021|title=What 'regulatory credits' are — and why they're so important to Tesla|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/18/tesla-electric-vehicle-regulatory-credits-explained.html|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In struggle to meet EU rule, automakers turn to Tesla for credits|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobiles/In-struggle-to-meet-EU-rule-automakers-turn-to-Tesla-for-credits|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=Nikkei Asia|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=April 8, 2019|title=Fiat Chrysler to pay Tesla for CO2 emissions credits|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/electric-cars/news/fiat-chrysler-to-pay-tesla-for-co2-emissions-credits/|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=www.euractiv.com|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=April 5, 2021|title=Volkswagen to buy CO2 credits from Tesla in China|url=https://www.electrive.com/2021/04/05/volkswagen-to-buy-co2-credits-from-tesla-in-china/|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=electrive.com|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Trading ===<br />
<br />
Musk, a longtime opponent of [[Short (finance)|short-selling]], has repeatedly criticized the practice and argued it should be illegal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=Jack|date=October 6, 2018|title=What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Hate Them?|url=https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|magazine=Wired|access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129003324/https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Graziosi|first=Graig|date=January 29, 2021|title=Elon Musk lashes out at short sellers during GameStop market war|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-short-sellers-gamestop-b1794444.html|work=[[The Independent]] | access-date=March 6, 2021|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129040712/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-short-sellers-gamestop-b1794444.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk's opposition to short-selling has been speculated to stem from how short-sellers often organize and publish [[opposition research]] about the companies that they believe are currently overvalued.<ref>{{Cite news|title=What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Musk Hate Them?|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/what-are-short-sellers-and-why-does-elon-hate-them/|access-date=May 19, 2021|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> In early 2021, he encouraged the [[GameStop short squeeze]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Matt|date=February 4, 2021|title=Who's Winning the GameStop Game?|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-02-04/elon-musk-s-gamestop-tweets-are-now-a-hedge-fund-signal|work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] | access-date=February 4, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205070028/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-02-04/elon-musk-s-gamestop-tweets-are-now-a-hedge-fund-signal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gelles|first=David|date=January 29, 2021|title=Elon Musk Becomes Unlikely Anti-Establishment Hero in GameStop Saga|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/business/elon-musk-gamestop-twitter.html|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=February 4, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204130926/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/business/elon-musk-gamestop-twitter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk has also regularly promoted [[Cryptocurrency|cryptocurrencies]], stating that he supports them over traditional [[Fiat money|government-issued fiat currencies]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2021|title=Musk says he supports crypto in battle with fiat money|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/musk-says-he-supports-crypto-battle-with-fiat-money-2021-05-22/|access-date=May 31, 2021|website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Given the volatile effects that his tweets about them have,<ref>{{Cite ssrn|last=Ante|first=Lennart|date=February 3, 2021|title=How Elon Musk's Twitter Activity Moves Cryptocurrency Markets|ssrn=3778844}}</ref> his statements around cryptocurrencies have been viewed as market manipulations by critics such as [[Nouriel Roubini]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=SEC Should Monitor Tesla's Elon Musk for Market Manipulation: Roubini|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sec-monitor-tesla-elon-musk-063109452.html|access-date=May 31, 2021|website=finance.yahoo.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Population ===<br />
<br />
Musk has voiced concerns about human [[population decline]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Elon Musk doubled down on his theory that the world population is headed for collapse |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-reiterates-global-population-is-headed-for-collapse-2019-6 |work=Business Insider |date=June 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Population decline and smaller families good news for climate, says former head of FSA |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/fsa-population-decline-climate-change-b1934877.html |work=The Independent |date=October 18, 2021}}</ref> saying that "Mars has zero human population. We need a lot of people to become a multiplanet civilization."<ref>{{cite news |title=Elon Musk claims population collapse 'potentially the greatest risk to the future of civilization' |url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/elon-musk-claims-population-collapse-21176445 |work=CambridgeshireLive |date=July 29, 2021}}</ref> Speaking at ''The Wall Street Journal''<nowiki/>'s CEO Council session in December 2021, Musk stated that declining [[birth rate]]s and population is one of the biggest [[Potential sources of global catastrophic risk|risks to human civilization]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Elon Musk says there aren't 'enough people,' birthrate could threaten human civilization |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2021/12/07/elon-musk-declining-birthrate-threatens-human-civilization/6414749001/ |work=USA Today |date=December 7, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Taxation ===<br />
<br />
In a December 2021 interview with [[Christian right|Christian conservative]] satirical website ''[[The Babylon Bee]]'', Musk lamented that it was "increasingly difficult to get things done" in California. Musk had sold enough to reach his goal of selling 10% of his shares in Tesla (then the world's most valuable car company), partially to pay taxes, and relocated his personal and Tesla's [[tax residence]] from [[California]] to [[Texas]] in order to avoid [[state income tax]]. Musk said that "California used to be the land of opportunity and now it is... becoming more so the land of sort of overregulation, overlitigation, overtaxation."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jin|first=Hyunjoo|date=December 22, 2021|title=Tesla's Musk says he sold 'enough stock'; slams California for 'overtaxation'|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/teslas-musk-says-he-sold-enough-stock-slams-california-overtaxation-2021-12-22/|access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref> In the same interview, he stated, "At its heart [[wokeness]] is divisive, exclusionary, and hateful. It basically gives mean people... a shield to be mean and cruel, armored in false virtue."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKhNBSNoGbQ 'Elon Musk says woke culture wants to outlaw comedy'. December 24, 2021|access-date=January 1, 2022|</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine ===<br />
<br />
Musk condemned the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and announced measures to support Ukraine's defense, such as providing the country with free [[Starlink]] access, for which Ukrainian President [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] personally thanked Musk while announcing further talks between the two.<ref name="Ukraine-1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/zelensky-elon-musk-starlink-ukraine-a007ee15-7713-44e0-b677-e6c9e9d11d8e.html|title=Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink satellites to Ukraine|access-date=March 22, 2022|date=March 6, 2022|author=Ivana Saric|work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}</ref><ref name="Ukraine-2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-zelensky-elon-musk-starlink-b2029650.html|title=Ukraine's Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink systems|access-date=March 22, 2022|date=March 6, 2022|author=Zoe Tidman|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Free speech ===<br />
<br />
{{Tweet<br />
| text = Starlink has been told by some governments (not Ukraine) to block Russian news sources. We will not do so unless at gunpoint.<br />
<br />
Sorry to be a free speech absolutist.<br />
| name = Elon Musk<br />
| username = elonmusk<br />
| image = Elon Musk Royal Society (crop1).jpg<br />
| date = March 4, 2022<br />
| ID = 1499976967105433600<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220305051613/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1499976967105433600<br />
| archive-date = March 5, 2022<br />
| url-status = live<br />
| width = 320px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
After some governments had asked Starlink to block access to Russian news sources in response to the invasion of Ukraine, Musk identified himself as a "[[Freedom of speech|free speech]] absolutist" and said "we will not do so unless at gunpoint".<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=March 6, 2022 |title=SpaceX's Musk says Starlink has been told by some governments to block Russian news |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/spacexs-musk-says-starlink-has-been-told-by-some-governments-block-russian-news-2022-03-05/ |access-date=April 5, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Porter |first=Jon |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Elon Musk buys 9.2 percent of Twitter amid complaints about free speech |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/4/4/23009622/elon-musk-twitter-shares-free-speech |access-date=April 5, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Technology ===<br />
<br />
==== Unix versus Microsoft Windows ====<br />
<br />
Soon after the merging of [[PayPal]], CEO Musk demanded migrating PayPal's infrastructure from [[Unix]] to [[Microsoft Windows]], against strong opposition. Unable to come to an agreement, the PayPal board ousted Musk in October 2000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bradley |first1=Charile |title=Elon Musk’s business venture that ‘could’ve been biggest company on Earth’ revealed |url=https://www.express.co.uk/finance/city/1269300/elon-musk-news-billionaire-venture-biggest-company-on-earth-tesla-paypal-spt |access-date=27 April 2022 |publisher=Express |date=15 April 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Artificial intelligence ====<br />
<br />
Musk has frequently spoken about the [[Existential risk from artificial general intelligence|potential dangers of artificial intelligence (AI)]], repeatedly calling it the greatest threat to humanity.<ref name="guardianAI">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat|title=Elon Musk: artificial intelligence is our biggest existential threat|first1=Samuel|last1=Gibbs|date=October 27, 2014|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=December 15, 2015|archive-date=October 30, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030054330/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat}}</ref><ref name="wp2015">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/07/28/elon-musk-and-stephen-hawking-think-we-should-ban-killer-robots/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308074506/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/07/28/elon-musk-and-stephen-hawking-think-we-should-ban-killer-robots/ |title=Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking think we should ban killer robots |date=July 28, 2015 |archive-date=March 8, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | access-date=January 5, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Musk's opinions about AI have provoked controversy and have been criticized by experts such as [[Yann LeCun]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Shead|first=Sam|date=May 13, 2020|title=Elon Musk has a complex relationship with the A.I. community|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/13/elon-musk-has-a-complex-relationship-with-the-ai-community.html|work=[[CNBC]] | access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111112156/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/13/elon-musk-has-a-complex-relationship-with-the-ai-community.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Holmes |first1=Aaron |title=Facebook's head of AI says Elon Musk 'has no idea what he is talking about' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-ai-head-slams-elon-musk-2020-5 |website=[[Business Insider]] | access-date=March 25, 2022 |date=May 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shead |first1=Sam |title=Elon Musk 'Nuts' To Call For AI Regulation, Says Facebook's Chief AI Scientist |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samshead/2018/09/28/elon-musk-nuts-to-call-for-ai-regulation-says-facebooks-chief-ai-scientist/?sh=2bd48b7837ec |website=[[Forbes]] | access-date=March 25, 2022 |date=September 28, 2018}}</ref> Consequently, according to CNBC, Musk is "not always looked upon favorably" by the AI research community.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/13/elon-musk-has-a-complex-relationship-with-the-ai-community.html|title=Elon Musk has a complex relationship with the A.I. community|first=Sam|last=Shead|date=May 13, 2020|website=[[CNBC]] | access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111112156/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/13/elon-musk-has-a-complex-relationship-with-the-ai-community.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mark Zuckerberg has clashed with Musk on the issue, with Zuckerberg calling his warnings "pretty irresponsible".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/24/mark-zuckerberg-elon-musks-doomsday-ai-predictions-are-irresponsible.html|title=Mark Zuckerberg: Elon Musk's doomsday AI predictions are irresponsible|last=Clifford|first=Catherine|date=July 24, 2017|website=[[CNBC]] | access-date=April 26, 2019|archive-date=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426172639/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/24/mark-zuckerberg-elon-musks-doomsday-ai-predictions-are-irresponsible.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Solon|first=Olivia|date=July 25, 2017|title=Killer robots? Musk and Zuckerberg escalate row over dangers of AI|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/25/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-artificial-intelligence-facebook-tesla|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=January 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130225903/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/25/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-artificial-intelligence-facebook-tesla|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Metz|first=Cade|date=June 9, 2018|title=Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk and the Feud Over Killer Robots|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/09/technology/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-artificial-intelligence.html|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=January 14, 2021|archive-date=February 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215051949/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/09/technology/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-artificial-intelligence.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk's claims that [[Simulated reality#Simulation argument|humans live in a computer simulation]] have also been criticized.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 2, 2016|title=We are living in a computer simulation, Elon Musk says|newspaper=[[The Independent]] | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/elon-musk-ai-artificial-intelligence-computer-simulation-gaming-virtual-reality-a7060941.html|access-date=June 30, 2016|archive-date=September 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907184834/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/elon-musk-ai-artificial-intelligence-computer-simulation-gaming-virtual-reality-a7060941.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tobak|first=Steve|date=October 21, 2016|title=The Chances That Life Is Really a Computer Simulation|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/the-chances-that-life-is-really-a-computer-simulation|access-date=July 5, 2020|website=FOX Business|archive-date=July 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705125845/https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/the-chances-that-life-is-really-a-computer-simulation|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Metaverse ====<br />
<br />
In December 2021, when prompted for his opinion about the [[virtual reality]] (VR) driven [[metaverse]], Musk said that he was "unable to see a compelling metaverse situation" and further remarked that "I think we're far from disappearing into the metaverse. This sounds just kind of buzzword-y. [...] Sure you can put a TV on your nose. I'm not sure that makes you 'in the metaverse'. [...] I don't see someone strapping a frigging screen to their face all day and not wanting to ever leave. That seems — no way."<ref>{{Cite web|last=GmbH|first=finanzen net|title=Elon Musk says the metaverse seems more like a marketing buzzword right now than a reality|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/elon-musk-metaverse-is-a-marketing-buzzword-crypto-2021-12|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=markets.businessinsider.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Vincent|first=James|date=December 22, 2021|title=Elon Musk: metaverse isn't 'compelling' and Web3 'more marketing than reality'|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/12/22/22849717/elon-musk-metaverse-web3-more-marketing-than-reality|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
<br />
Musk met his first wife, Canadian author [[Justine Musk|Justine Wilson]], while attending Queen's University, and they married in 2000.<ref name=":9">{{cite web |last1=Durand Streisand |first1=Elizabeth |title=A Look at Elon Musk's Rocky Romantic History |url=https://www.yahoo.com/celebrity/blogs/celeb-news/elon-musk-love-life-romantic-history-171340935.html |website=Yahoo |access-date=May 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602025744/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/blogs/celeb-news/elon-musk-love-life-romantic-history-171340935.html|archive-date=June 2, 2020}}</ref> He contracted [[malaria]] in 2000 while on vacation in South Africa, and nearly died.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Locke|first=Taylor|date=November 2, 2019|title=Why Elon Musk says taking 'vacations will kill you'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/02/why-elon-musk-says-taking-vacations-will-kill-you.html|access-date=September 29, 2021|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In 2002, their first child, son Nevada Alexander Musk, died of [[sudden infant death syndrome]] (SIDS) at the age of 10 weeks.<ref name="sids">[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], p. 117.</ref> After his death, the couple decided to use [[In vitro fertilisation|IVF]] to continue their family.<ref name=holywoodlife2021>{{cite news|last=Crowley|first=James|date=September 14, 2021|title=Elon Musk's Kids: Meet His 6 Kids From Oldest To Youngest, & Their Moms|url=https://hollywoodlife.com/feature/elon-musk-kids-4516506/|work=Holywood Life|access-date=September 16, 2021}}</ref> Twins Xavier and Griffin were born in April 2004, followed by triplets Kai, Saxon, and Damian in 2006.<ref name=holywoodlife2021 /> The couple divorced in 2008 and [[Joint custody (United States)|share custody]] of their five sons.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Musk|first=Justine|date=September 10, 2010|title="I Was a Starter Wife": Inside America's Messiest Divorce|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/a5380/millionaire-starter-wife/|work=Marie Claire|access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730172806/https://www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/a5380/millionaire-starter-wife/|archive-date=July 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Musk|first=Elon|date=July 8, 2010|title=Elon Musk: Correcting The Record About My Divorce|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/correcting-the-record-about-my-divorce-2010-7|work=Business Insider|access-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722160506/https://www.businessinsider.com/correcting-the-record-about-my-divorce-2010-7|archive-date=July 22, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2008, Musk began dating English actress [[Talulah Riley]].<ref>[[#Vance|Vance (2015)]], pp. 193-195.</ref> They married in September 2010 at [[Dornoch Cathedral]] in Scotland.<ref name=marriage>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/21/elon-musk-talulah-riley-file-divorce-second-marriage|title=Actor Talulah Riley files to divorce billionaire Elon Musk, again|date=March 21, 2016|access-date=April 20, 2016|quote="The pair first married in 2010 and divorced in 2012. They remarried 18 months later."|agency=[[Associated Press]] | newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Alan |last=Boyle|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/spacexs-millionaire-founder-tweets-about-marital-split-6C10402497|title=SpaceX's millionaire founder tweets about marital split|publisher=NBC News|date=January 18, 2012|access-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref> In 2012, he announced a divorce from Riley.<ref name=forbes20120326>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/03/26/at-home-with-elon-musk-the-soon-to-be-bachelor-billionaire |title=At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire |date=March 3, 2012 |work=Forbes |first=Hannah |last=Elliott |access-date=August 12, 2013 |archive-date=August 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804184102/http://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/03/26/at-home-with-elon-musk-the-soon-to-be-bachelor-billionaire/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Elon Musk Divorce: Announces Split From Talulah Riley On Twitter |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/19/elon-musk-divorce_n_1216394.html |access-date=July 23, 2013 |work=[[The Huffington Post]] | date=January 19, 2012 |first=Jennifer |last=Lai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603104622/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/19/elon-musk-divorce_n_1216394.html|archive-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/19/elon-musk-divorce_n_1216394.html "Elon Musk Divorce: Announces Split From Talulah Riley On Twitter"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118202528/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/19/elon-musk-divorce_n_1216394.html |date=November 18, 2017 }}, ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', January 19, 2012.</ref> In 2013, Musk and Riley remarried. In December 2014, he filed for a second divorce from Riley; however, the action was withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/22/elon-musk-and-talulah-riley-divorce-for-a-second-time/|title=Elon Musk and Talulah Riley divorce for a second time|date=October 22, 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=June 29, 2018|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=June 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630004337/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/22/elon-musk-and-talulah-riley-divorce-for-a-second-time/|url-status=live}}</ref> A second divorce was finalized in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people.com/movies/elon-musk-and-talulah-riley-divorced/ |title=Elon Musk and Talulah Riley Are Divorced for a Second Time |website=People |date=November 18, 2016 |access-date=April 24, 2017 |first=Lindsay |last=Kimble |archive-date=September 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185659/http://people.com/movies/elon-musk-and-talulah-riley-divorced/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Musk then dated [[Amber Heard]] for several months in 2017;<ref>{{cite news|last=Jensen|first=Erin|date=April 24, 2017|title=Amber Heard, Elon Musk make 'Cheeky' public debut together|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2017/04/24/amber-heard-elon-musk-dating-public-debut-instagram-posts/100834568/|work=USA Today|access-date=January 28, 2021|archive-date=January 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130231024/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2017/04/24/amber-heard-elon-musk-dating-public-debut-instagram-posts/100834568/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hollywood">{{cite news|last=Sigel|first=Tatiana|date=December 6, 2018|title=Amber Heard on Her Secret Passion, Elon Musk and a Splashy New Role|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/amber-heard-aquaman-elon-musk-dedication-activism-1166004|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=January 28, 2021|archive-date=December 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206185106/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/amber-heard-aquaman-elon-musk-dedication-activism-1166004|url-status=live}}</ref> he had reportedly been pursuing her since 2012.<ref name="hollywood" /> Musk was later accused by [[Johnny Depp]] of having an affair with Heard while she was still married to Depp.<ref>{{cite news|last=Holden|first=Michael|date=July 21, 2020|title=Actress Heard denies Depp claim of affair with Elon Musk|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-people-depp/actress-heard-denies-depp-claim-of-affair-with-elon-musk-idINL5N2ES36F|work=Reuters|access-date=January 30, 2021|archive-date=January 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130231024/https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-people-depp/actress-heard-denies-depp-claim-of-affair-with-elon-musk-idINL5N2ES36F|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bradley|first=Laura|date=July 18, 2020|title=Amber Heard Accused of Having Late-Night Meetups With Elon Musk in Johnny Depp Trial|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/amber-heard-accused-of-having-late-night-meetups-with-elon-musk-in-johnny-depp-trial?ref=scroll|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=January 30, 2021|archive-date=January 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130231041/https://www.thedailybeast.com/amber-heard-accused-of-having-late-night-meetups-with-elon-musk-in-johnny-depp-trial?ref=scroll|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Brown|first=David|date=February 12, 2021|title=Johnny Depp drags Elon Musk into Amber Heard libel saga|language=en|work=The Times|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/johnny-depp-drags-elon-musk-into-amber-heard-libel-saga-bhpcjqd2t|access-date=September 5, 2021|issn=0140-0460}}</ref> Musk and Heard both denied the affair.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Holden|first=Michael|date=July 21, 2020|title=Actress Heard denies Depp claim of affair with Elon Musk|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-people-depp-idINL5N2ES36F|access-date=September 5, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2018, Musk and Canadian musician [[Grimes (musician)|Grimes]] revealed that they were dating.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2018/05/grimes-is-dating-elon-musk-report/|title=Grimes is dating Elon Musk|date=May 7, 2018|work=Consequence of Sound|access-date=May 8, 2018|archive-date=April 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421021141/https://consequenceofsound.net/2018/05/grimes-is-dating-elon-musk-report/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jordan|last=Darville|title=Grimes talks new music, Elon Musk, plans to publicly execute her musical persona|url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/03/20/grimes-interview-miss-anthropocene|magazine=[[The Fader]] | date=March 20, 2019|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=October 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030070534/http://www.thefader.com/2019/03/20/grimes-interview-miss-anthropocene|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-game-awards-grimes-cyberpunk-2077-2019-12|title=Elon Musk made a surprise appearance at one of the biggest gaming events of the year to support his girlfriend, Grimes|last=Antonelli|first=William|date=December 14, 2019|website=Business Insider|language=de-DE|access-date=December 14, 2019|archive-date=May 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514135605/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-game-awards-grimes-cyberpunk-2077-2019-12|url-status=live}}</ref> Grimes gave birth to their son in May 2020.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kiefer|first=Halle|title=Grimes and Elon Musk's Baby Has Arrived, Just As Legend Foretold|date=May 4, 2020|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/05/elon-musk-and-grimes-welcome-first-baby-together.html|website=Vulture|access-date=May 5, 2020|url-access=limited|archive-date=May 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505021026/https://www.vulture.com/2020/05/elon-musk-and-grimes-welcome-first-baby-together.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Trepany|first=Charles|title=Elon Musk shares first photo of his and Grimes' new baby boy: 'Mom and baby all good'|date=May 5, 2020|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2020/05/05/elon-musk-grimes-welcome-baby/3082615001/|work=USA Today|access-date=May 5, 2020|archive-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529124947/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2020/05/05/elon-musk-grimes-welcome-baby/3082615001/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Musk and Grimes, his name was {{nowrap|"X Æ A-12"}}<!-- Per the source "A-12" is derived from the [[Lockheed A-12]] aircraft -- hence a hyphen is the correct markup for the name-->; however, the name would have violated California regulations as it contained characters that are not in the modern English alphabet,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schwedel |first1=Heather |title=What Does Elon Musk and Grimes' Baby Name Actually Mean? |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2020/05/elon-musk-grimes-baby-name.html |access-date=May 5, 2020 |work=Slate Magazine |date=May 5, 2020 |archive-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524150019/https://slate.com/human-interest/2020/05/elon-musk-grimes-baby-name.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lerman|first=Rachel|date=May 8, 2020|title=Elon Musk's baby name isn't just weird, it may be against California regulations|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/08/musk-grimes-baby-name/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | access-date=January 11, 2021|archive-date=December 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231225820/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/08/musk-grimes-baby-name/|url-status=live}}</ref> and was then changed to {{nowrap|"X Æ A-Xii"}}. This drew more confusion, as [[Æ]] is not a letter in the modern English alphabet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elon Musk and Grimes have changed their baby's name. A bit|first=Jack|last=Guy|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/25/entertainment/grimes-musk-baby-name-tweak-scli-intl/index.html|website=[[CNN]] | date=May 25, 2020|access-date=May 25, 2020|archive-date=May 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525204407/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/25/entertainment/grimes-musk-baby-name-tweak-scli-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The child was eventually named {{nowrap|"X AE A-XII"}} Musk, with "X" as a [[first name]], {{nowrap|"AE A-XII"}} as a [[middle name]], and "Musk" as [[surname]].<ref name="xaea-xii.cnet">{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Gael Fashingbauer|date=June 16, 2020|title=Elon Musk and Grimes saved a surprise for son X Æ A-12's birth certificate|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-and-grimes-saved-a-surprise-for-son-x-ae-a-12s-birth-certificate/|publisher=[[CNET]] | access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617021513/https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-and-grimes-saved-a-surprise-for-son-x-ae-a-12s-birth-certificate/|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk confirmed reports that the couple are "semi-separated" in September 2021; in an interview with [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] in December 2021, he said he was single.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ivie|first=Devon|date=September 24, 2021|title=Elon Musk and Grimes Took the Red Pill and Broke Up|url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/09/elon-musk-and-grimes-break-up-after-3-years-together.html|work=Vulture|access-date=September 28, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924171854/https://www.vulture.com/2021/09/elon-musk-and-grimes-break-up-after-3-years-together.html|archive-date=September 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=September 24, 2021|title=Elon Musk says he and partner Grimes are semi-separated|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58684724|access-date=September 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hartmans|first=Avery|title=Elon Musk says he's single and basically living in a 'technology monastery' following his split with Grimes|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-single-grimes-breakup-2021-12|access-date=December 16, 2021|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> In March 2022, Grimes said of her relationship with Musk: "I would probably refer to him as my boyfriend, but we're very fluid." She further revealed that their first daughter, Exa Dark Sideræl Musk, nicknamed Y, was born in December 2021 via [[surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref name="GrimesVanityFair2022">{{cite magazine|first=Devin|last=Gordon|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2022/03/grimes-cover-story-on-music-and-mars|title="Infamy Is Kind Of Fun": Grimes on Music, Mars, and—Surprise!—Her Secret New Baby With Elon Musk|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] | date=March 10, 2022|access-date=March 10, 2022|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]}}</ref> Later that month, Grimes tweeted that she and Musk had broken up again "but he's my best friend and the love of my life."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2022-03-11/grimes-elon-musk-relationship-breakup-split | title=Never mind that new baby: Grimes and Elon Musk have broken up again, she says | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=March 11, 2022 | accessdate=March 14, 2022 | author=D'Zurilla, Christie}}</ref><br />
<br />
From the early 2000s until late 2020, Musk resided in California where both Tesla and SpaceX were founded and where their headquarters are still located.<!-- SpaceX is in Hawthorne, LA area of California; Tesla is in Fremont, San Jose area of California. So they are not both in the Los Angeles area --><ref name=bloomberg20201208>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-08/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-says-he-has-relocated-to-texas|title=Musk Relocates to Texas, Criticizes 'Complacent' California|work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]News|date=December 8, 2020|access-date=December 9, 2020|archive-date=December 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210145135/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-08/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-says-he-has-relocated-to-texas|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, he moved to Texas, stating that California had become "complacent" with its economic success.<ref name=bloomberg20201208 /><ref>{{cite news|last=Somerville|first=Heather|date=December 8, 2020|title=Elon Musk Moves to Texas, Takes Jab at Silicon Valley|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-to-discuss-teslas-banner-year-despite-pandemic-silicon-valleys-future-11607449988|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=December 13, 2020|archive-date=December 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212234036/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-to-discuss-teslas-banner-year-despite-pandemic-silicon-valleys-future-11607449988|url-status=live}}</ref> During his hosting of ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' in May 2021, Musk stated that he has [[Asperger syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yahr|first=Emily|date=May 8, 2021|title=Elon Musk reveals he has Asperger's syndrome during SNL monologue|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/05/09/elon-musk-hosts-snl/|access-date=May 9, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Public recognition ==<br />
<br />
=== In popular culture ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|Elon Musk in popular culture}}<br />
Musk has made multiple cameos and appearances in films such as ''[[Iron Man 2]]'' (2010),<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Tate|first1=Ryan|title=10 Awkward Hollywood Cameos by Tech Founders|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/09/founders-awkward-hollywood-cameos/|magazine=Wired|date=September 20, 2012|access-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034116/https://www.wired.com/2012/09/founders-awkward-hollywood-cameos/|archive-date=December 1, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Machete Kills]]'' (2013),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wurzburger |first1=Andrea |title=Ahead Elon Musk's Acting Cameos Through the Years |url=https://people.com/tv/elon-musk-snl-acting-cameos/?slide=8faa5caf-b18a-43c8-9982-e12a37846603#8faa5caf-b18a-43c8-9982-e12a37846603 |access-date=April 27, 2022 |work=People |date=May 8, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Why Him?]]'' (2016),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/video/286858 |title='Why Him?' Director on Elon Musk's Amazing 'I Can't Come to Work Today' Excuse |first=Dan |last=Bova |date= December 21, 2016|website=Entrepreneur|access-date=January 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826161409/https://www.entrepreneur.com/video/286858|archive-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> and ''[[Men in Black: International]]'' (2019).<ref>{{cite news|last=Alexander|first=Bryan|date=June 17, 2019|title=Which celebrities are revealed as space aliens in 'Men in Black: International'? (spoilers)|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2019/06/17/men-black-international-reveals-celebrity-aliens-spoilers/1459811001/|work=USA Today|access-date=January 19, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205152713/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2019/06/17/men-black-international-reveals-celebrity-aliens-spoilers/1459811001/|url-status=live}}</ref> Television series on which he has appeared include ''[[The Simpsons]]'' ("[[The Musk Who Fell to Earth]]", 2015),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-tesla-on-the-simpsons-2015-1 |title=Elon Musk SpaceX Tesla on the Simpsons |date=January 27, 2015 |website=Business Insider |access-date=April 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527154152/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-tesla-on-the-simpsons-2015-1|archive-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref> ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'' ("[[The Platonic Permutation]]", 2015),<ref>{{cite web|title=Tesla CEO Elon Musk To Appear on Upcoming Episode of the Big Bang Theory|url=http://www.cbs.com/shows/big_bang_theory/news/1004869/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-to-appear-on-upcoming-episode-of-the-big-bang-theory/|website=CBS|access-date=December 4, 2015|archive-date=February 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223001910/http://www.cbs.com/shows/big_bang_theory/news/1004869/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-to-appear-on-upcoming-episode-of-the-big-bang-theory/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[South Park]]'' ("[[Members Only (South Park)|Members Only]]", 2016),<ref>{{cite news|last=The Mercury News|date=November 25, 2016|title=Elon Musk uses 'South Park' to fire back at trolls|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2016/11/25/elon-musk-south-park/|work=The Denver Post|access-date=August 29, 2020|archive-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702010155/https://www.denverpost.com/2016/11/25/elon-musk-south-park/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kurp|first=Josh|date=November 18, 2016|title=Elon Musk Joins The Short List Of 'South Park' Guest Stars To Voice Themselves|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/elon-musk-joins-short-list-165033463.html|work=Yahoo News|access-date=August 29, 2020|archive-date=November 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119144158/https://www.yahoo.com/news/elon-musk-joins-short-list-165033463.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Rick and Morty]]'' ("[[One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty]]", 2019),<ref>{{cite web|last=Schedeen|first=Jesse|title=Elon Musk's Rick and Morty Cameo Finally Explains His 'Elon Tusk' Twitter Joke|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/11/25/elon-musk-rick-and-morty-cameo-elon-tusk|website=IGN.com|date=November 25, 2019|publisher=IGN|access-date=November 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131050424/https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/11/25/elon-musk-rick-and-morty-cameo-elon-tusk|archive-date=January 31, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper|first=Gael Fashingbauer|date=November 25, 2019|title=Elon Musk shows up on Rick and Morty as Elon Tusk, head of Tuskla|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-shows-up-on-rick-and-morty-as-elon-tusk-head-of-tuskla/|work=Cnet|access-date=August 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821033512/https://www.cnet.com/news/elon-musk-shows-up-on-rick-and-morty-as-elon-tusk-head-of-tuskla/|archive-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> and ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' (2021).<ref>{{cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=Dave|date=May 9, 2021|title=Elon Musk Hosts a Mother's Day Episode of 'Saturday Night Live'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/arts/television/elon-musk-snl.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/arts/television/elon-musk-snl.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=May 27, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He has contributed interviews to the documentaries ''[[Racing Extinction]]'' (2015) and the [[Werner Herzog]]-directed ''[[Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World|Lo and Behold]]'' (2016).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Field |first1=Kyle |title=Tesla Stars In "Racing Extinction" Documentary |date=December 2, 2015 |url=http://cleantechnica.com/2015/12/02/tesla-stars-racing-extinction-documentary/ |publisher=CleanTechnica |access-date=July 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824201304/https://cleantechnica.com/2015/12/02/tesla-stars-racing-extinction-documentary/|archive-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ladan|first=Tanja M.|date=August 24, 2016|title=Werner Herzog Hacks the Horrors of Connectivity in 'Lo and Behold'|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/nz4p58/werner-herzog-lo-and-behold-documentary|work=Vice|access-date=September 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204205058/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/nz4p58/werner-herzog-lo-and-behold-documentary|archive-date=February 4, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In China, Elon Musk has become a "trademark phenomenon" according to ''[[South China Morning Post|SCMP]]'', with over 270 different companies having registered trademarks using his English name or Chinese transliteration, for a multitude of products including printing, restaurants, textiles, and design.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 28, 2021|title=Forget world's richest man, Elon Musk is a hot Chinese trademark icon|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/people-culture/china-personalities/article/3154032/elon-musk-printing-service-musk-textiles|access-date=November 7, 2021|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Accolades ===<br />
<br />
{{Main|List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk}}<br />
Musk was elected a fellow of the [[Royal Society]] (FRS) in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|date=May 9, 2018|title=Elon Musk elected as Fellow of the Royal Society|url=https://news.sky.com/story/elon-musk-elected-as-fellow-of-the-royal-society-11365298|work=Sky News|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=January 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104135155/https://news.sky.com/story/elon-musk-elected-as-fellow-of-the-royal-society-11365298|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, he received an [[Honorary degree|honorary doctorate]] in engineering and technology at Yale,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seas.yale.edu/news-events/news/seas-celebrates-class-2015-honors-innovators-elon-musk-and-dean-kamen |title=SEAS Celebrates Class of 2015, Honors Innovators Elon Musk and Dean Kamen |publisher=Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science |date=May 18, 2015 |access-date=August 23, 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520024948/http://seas.yale.edu/news-events/news/seas-celebrates-class-2015-honors-innovators-elon-musk-and-dean-kamen |archive-date=May 20, 2015 }}</ref> and [[IEEE Honorary Membership]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/hon_mem_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Honorary Membership Recipients |publisher=IEEE |access-date=March 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629021316/http://www.ieee.org/documents/hon_mem_rl.pdf |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Awards for his contributions to the development of the Falcon rockets include the [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]] George Low Transportation Award in 2008,<ref>{{Cite web|title=George M. Low Space Transportation Award|url=https://www.aiaa.org/get-involved/honors-awards/awards/award-george-m-low-space-transportation-award|access-date=August 14, 2021|website=www|language=en}}</ref> the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] Gold Space Medal in 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fai.org/envc-awards/envc-news-awards/35094-barron-hilton-and-elon-musk-honoured-with-the-highest-awards |title=Barron Hilton and Elon Musk honoured with the highest FAI awards |publisher=Fédération Aéronautique Internationale |date=December 16, 2010 |access-date=March 25, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419204916/http://www.fai.org/envc-awards/envc-news-awards/35094-barron-hilton-and-elon-musk-honoured-with-the-highest-awards |archive-date=April 19, 2015 }}</ref> and the [[Royal Aeronautical Society]] Gold Medal in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=2012 RAeS Gold Medal |url=http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight/2012/11/23/video-elon-musk-interview/7553 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128025956/http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight/2012/11/23/video-elon-musk-interview/7553/ |archive-date=November 28, 2012 }}</ref> He was listed among [[Time 100|''Time'' magazine's 100 Most Influential People]] in 2010,<ref>{{cite news|last=Favreau|first=Jon|date=April 29, 2010|title=Elon Musk|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984745_1985495,00.html|magazine=Time|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035646/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984745_1985495,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 2013,<ref>{{cite news|last=Branson|first=Richard|date=April 18, 2013|title=Elon Musk|url=https://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/elon-musk/|magazine=Time|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212203010/https://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/elon-musk/|url-status=live}}</ref> 2018,<ref>{{cite news|last=Milner|first=Yuri|date=|title=Elon Musk|url=https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217614/elon-musk/|magazine=Time|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=January 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103222113/https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217614/elon-musk/|url-status=live}}</ref> and 2021.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Elon Musk: The 100 Most Influential People of 2021|url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2021/6095970/elon-musk-innovators/|access-date=September 21, 2021|magazine=Time|language=en}}</ref> Musk was selected as ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s "[[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]" for 2021. ''Time'' editor-in-chief [[Edward Felsenthal]] wrote that "Person of the Year is a marker of influence, and few individuals have had more influence than Musk on life on Earth, and potentially life off Earth too".<ref>{{cite news|last=Flynn|first=Kerry|date=December 13, 2021|title=Time Person of the Year: Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, named most influential of 2021|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/12/13/media/slug-time-person-year-elon-musk/index.html|work=CNN|access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Felsenthal|first=Edward|date=December 13, 2021|title=Time 2021 The choice Elon Musk |url=https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2021-elon-musk-choice/|magazine=Time|access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref> In 2022, Musk was elected as a member into the [[National Academy of Engineering]] "[f]or breakthroughs in design, engineering, manufacturing, and operation of reusable launch vehicles and sustainable transportation and energy systems."<ref name="lat20141214">{{cite web|title=For breakthroughs in the design, engineering, manufacturing, and operation of reusable launch vehicles and sustainable transportation and energy systems.|url=https://www.nae.edu/271501.aspx|website=nae|date=February 9, 2022|access-date=March 25, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notes and references ==<br />
<br />
=== Notes ===<br />
<br />
{{reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
=== References and citations ===<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Works cited ===<br />
<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Belfiore |first=Michael |date=2007 |title=Rocketeers |location=New York |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-114902-3 |ref=Belfiore}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Erik |year=2004 |title=The PayPal Wars: Battles with eBay, the Media, the Mafia, and the Rest of Planet Earth |location=Los Angeles |publisher=World Ahead Publishing |isbn=978-0-9746701-0-2 |ref=Jackson}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last1=Kidder |first1=David |last2=Hoffman |first2=Reid |year=2013 |title=The Startup Playbook: Secrets of the Fastest Growing Start-Ups from the founding Entrepreneurs |location=San Francisco |publisher=Chronicle Books |isbn=978-1-4521-0504-8 |ref=Kidder}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Vance |first=Ashlee |year=2015 |title=Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future |location=New York |publisher=HarperCollinsPublishers |isbn=978-0-06-230123-9 |ref=Vance}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
{{Wikimedia|wikt=no|species=no|voy=no|d=Q317521|c=Category:Elon Musk|n=Category:Elon Musk|s=no|b=no|v=no}}<br />
* {{Twitter}}<br />
* {{C-SPAN|1020671}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|1907769}}<br />
* {{TED speaker}}<br />
* [https://www.forbes.com/profile/elon-musk/ ''Forbes'' profile]<br />
* [https://patents.justia.com/inventor/elon-musk List of inventions & patents]<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-hon}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Jeff Bezos]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[The World's Billionaires|World's richest person]] | years=2022–present}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=Incumbent}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
{{Elon Musk|state=collapsed}}<br />
{{SpaceX}}<br />
{{Tesla Motors}}<br />
{{Navboxes|title=Articles related to Elon Musk|list=<br />
{{PayPal Mafia}}<br />
{{FRS 2018}}<br />
{{Existential risk from artificial intelligence}}<br />
{{Transhumanism footer}}<br />
{{Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|Business|Canada|Cars|Companies|Ecology|Energy|Internet|Renewable energy|Space|South Africa|Technology|United States}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Musk, Elon}}<br />
[[Category:Elon Musk| ]]<br />
[[Category:1971 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Canadian businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century South African businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Canadian businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century South African businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Pretoria Boys High School]]<br />
[[Category:American aerospace businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:American automotive pioneers]]<br />
[[Category:American billionaires]]<br />
[[Category:American chairpersons of corporations]]<br />
[[Category:American chief executives in the automobile industry]]<br />
[[Category:American chief executives of energy companies]]<br />
[[Category:American chief executives of manufacturing companies]]<br />
[[Category:American computer businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:American computer programmers]]<br />
[[Category:American corporate directors]]<br />
[[Category:American founders of automobile manufacturers]]<br />
[[Category:American Internet company founders]]<br />
[[Category:American nonprofit executives]]<br />
[[Category:American people of British descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Canadian descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Pennsylvania Dutch descent]]<br />
[[Category:American philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:American software engineers]]<br />
[[Category:American technology chief executives]]<br />
[[Category:American technology company founders]]<br />
[[Category:Automotive businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople in software]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian automotive pioneers]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian billionaires]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian chairpersons of corporations]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian computer businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian computer programmers]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian corporate directors]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian founders of automobile manufacturers]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian nonprofit executives]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian people of British descent]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian people of South African descent]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian software engineers]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian technology chief executives]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian technology company founders]]<br />
[[Category:Chief technology officers]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]<br />
[[Category:Free speech activists]]<br />
[[Category:Giving Pledgers]]<br />
[[Category:Hyperloop]]<br />
[[Category:Musk family]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Canada]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:PayPal people]]<br />
[[Category:People associated with solar power]]<br />
[[Category:People from Pretoria]]<br />
[[Category:People in the space industry]]<br />
[[Category:People with acquired American citizenship]]<br />
[[Category:People with Asperger syndrome]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Aeronautical Society Gold Medal winners]]<br />
[[Category:Science fiction fans]]<br />
[[Category:South African billionaires]]<br />
[[Category:South African chairpersons of corporations]]<br />
[[Category:South African company founders]]<br />
[[Category:South African computer programmers]]<br />
[[Category:South African corporate directors]]<br />
[[Category:South African emigrants to the United States]]<br />
[[Category:South African people of British descent]]<br />
[[Category:South African people of Canadian descent]]<br />
[[Category:South African philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:Space advocates]]<br />
[[Category:SpaceX people]]<br />
[[Category:Sustainable transport pioneers]]<br />
[[Category:Tesla, Inc.]]<br />
[[Category:Tesla, Inc. people]]<br />
[[Category:The Boring Company]]<br />
[[Category:Time 100]]<br />
[[Category:Time Person of the Year]]<br />
[[Category:Twitter people]]<br />
[[Category:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni]]<br />
[[Category:White South African people]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alekh_Kumar_Parida&diff=307547Alekh Kumar Parida2022-04-28T19:17:54Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Alekh Kumar Parida | image = | image_size = 200px | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|12|16}} | birth_place = Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India | nationality = Indian | occupation = Actor, Producer, Entrepreneur | education = ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan | mother = Bhagyabati Parida | father = Sudhakar..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Alekh Kumar Parida<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|12|16}}<br />
| birth_place = Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| occupation = Actor, Producer, Entrepreneur<br />
| education = ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan<br />
| mother = Bhagyabati Parida<br />
| father = Sudhakar Parida<br />
| height = 5 feet 4 inches (162.56 centimeters)<br />
| years_active = 2017-present<br />
}}<br />
'''Alekh Kumar Parida''' is an actor, music producer and entrepreneur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g.co/kgs/NnxzFB|title=google knowledge graph|website=google}}</ref> and the CEO and co-owner of Fame Bross, a digital marketing company. Kumar is also working as a freelance Movie Critic for news portals.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Learn the meaning of Entrepreneurship with Leading Entrepreneurs Animesh Kumar and Alekh Kumar Parida|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/learn-the-meaning-of-entrepreneurship-with-leading-entrepreneurs-animesh-kumar-and-alekh-kumar-parida-231661261|date=30 March 2021|website=Mid-Day}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Alekh Kumar was born in Bhubaneswar on 16 December 1999 and completed his primary schooling from Central Public School, Adityapur in Jharkhand and then went to Sacred Heart School, Kota in Rajasthan for higher studies. He is currently pursuing a Bachelor's Degree in computer science at ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan in Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Milan Shah and Alekh Kumar Parida Founders Of Alliancetime Media, Shares secrets of being a successful Entrepreneur|url=https://theprimetime.in/milan-shah-and-alekh-kumar-parida-founders-of-alliancetime-media-shares-secrets-of-being-a-successful-entrepreneur/|date=15 March 2021|website=Prime Time}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
He started his career in Digital Marketing in 2017 at the age of 18 and continued exploring his skills and found excellence in acting and joined the production industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Alekh Kumar Parida – The Master of Celebrity Management|url=https://www.fabworldtoday.com/meet-alekh-kumar-parida-the-master-of-celebrity-management/|website=FabWorldToday|language=en}}</ref> In his production career he had produced a music video “Living Di life” in collaboration with Jamaican cricketer Chris Gayle.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Chris Gayle collabs with Alliance Time Media, Alekh Kumar Parida, Milan Shah: A mesmerising music video worth watching|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-chris-gayle-collabs-with-alliance-time-media-alekh-kumar-parida-milan-shah-a-mesmerising-music-video-worth-watching-2888310/|date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Big revelation by producers Milan Shah and Alekh Kumar Parida about their collaboration with “CHRIS GAYLE” for a music video|url=https://www.timebulletin.com/big-revelation-by-producers-milan-shah-and-alekh-kumar-parida-about-their-collaboration-with-chris-gayle-for-a-music-video/|date=24 December 2020|website=Time Bulletin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*The Most Active Person of Media award 2020<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-15|title=Alekh kumar Parida और Milan Shah ने म्यूजिक वीडियो 'लिविंग द लाइफ' के लिए आए साथ|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/music/alekh-kumar-parida-and-milan-shah-came-together-for-the-latest-music-video-living-the-life/903442|date=19 May 2021|website=Zee News Hindi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{URL|alekhkumar.com|Official website}}<br />
*{{Twitter|alekhkumarr}}<br />
*{{Facebook|alekhkumarr}}<br />
*{{Instagram|alekhkumarr}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1999 births]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Grealish&diff=176901Jack Grealish2021-09-09T06:56:20Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{for|the hurler|Jack Grealish (hurler)}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{short description|English association football player}} {{Use British English|date=September 2020}} {{Us..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{for|the hurler|Jack Grealish (hurler)}}<br />
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}<br />
{{short description|English association football player}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Jack Grealish<br />
| image = -2019-10-05 Jack Grealish, Carrow Road, Norwich city V Aston Villa (2).JPG<br />
| caption = Grealish with [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] in 2019<br />
| fullname = Jack Peter Grealish<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/jack-grealish/ |title=Jack Grealish: Profile |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|9|10|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/172850/Jack-Grealish |title=Jack Grealish: Overview |publisher=ESPN |accessdate=9 August 2021}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Birmingham]], England<br />
| height = {{convert|1.75|m|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/4260/Jack-Grealish/overview |title=Jack Grealish: Overview |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=9 August 2021}}</ref><br />
| position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]<br />
| clubnumber = 10<br />
| youthyears1 = 2001<br />
| youthclubs1 = [[Highgate United F.C.|Highgate United]]<br />
| youthyears2 = 2001–2012<br />
| youthclubs2 = [[Aston Villa F.C. Reserves and Academy|Aston Villa]]<br />
| years1 = 2012–2021<br />
| clubs1 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]<br />
| caps1 = 185<br />
| goals1 = 29<br />
| years2 = 2013–2014<br />
| clubs2 = → [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]] (loan)<br />
| caps2 = 37<br />
| goals2 = 5<br />
| years3 = 2021–<br />
| clubs3 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]<br />
| caps3 = 3<br />
| goals3 = 1<br />
| nationalyears1 = 2011–2012<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[Republic of Ireland national under-17 football team|Republic of Ireland U17]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = 7<br />
| nationalgoals1 = 3<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2012–2013<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[Republic of Ireland national under-18 football team|Republic of Ireland U18]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 6<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 2<br />
| nationalyears3 = 2013–2014<br />
| nationalteam3 = [[Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team|Republic of Ireland U21]]<br />
| nationalcaps3 = 6<br />
| nationalgoals3 = 1<br />
| nationalyears4 = 2016–2017<br />
| nationalteam4 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]]<br />
| nationalcaps4 = 7<br />
| nationalgoals4 = 2<br />
| nationalyears5 = 2020–<br />
| nationalteam5 = [[England national football team|England]]<br />
| nationalcaps5 = 15<br />
| nationalgoals5 = 0<br />
| club-update = 20:59, 8 September 2021 (UTC)<br />
| nationalteam-update = 20:59, 8 September 2021 (UTC)<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{fb|ENG}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA European Championship]]}}<br />
{{Medal|RU|[[UEFA Euro 2020|2020]]|}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Jack Peter Grealish''' (born 10 September 1995) is an English professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Winger (association football)|winger]] or [[attacking midfielder]] for {{English football updater|AstonVil}} club [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] and the [[England national football team|England national team]].<br />
<br />
Grealish joined [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] at the age of six, and made his debut for the club in May 2014, following a [[Loan (association football)|loan]] at [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]]. Eligible to represent either England or the Republic of Ireland internationally, Grealish was capped by the Republic of Ireland up to [[Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team|under-21 level]] before confirming his decision to play for England in April 2016. He played for the [[England national under-21 football team|England under-21s]] for the first time in May 2016, winning the [[2016 Toulon Tournament]]. In 2021, Grealish signed for Manchester City in a transfer deal worth £100 million, making him [[List of most expensive association football transfers|the most expensive English player ever]].<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Grealish was born in [[Birmingham]], West Midlands<ref>{{Hugman|26152|access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref> and raised in nearby [[Solihull]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/aston-villa/11550090/Aston-Villas-Jack-Grealish-could-spark-international-tug-of-war-between-Ireland-and-England.html |title=Aston Villa's Jack Grealish could spark international tug-of-war between Ireland and England |first1=John |last1=Percy |first2=Jeremy |last2=Wilson |first3=Luke |last3=Edwards |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=20 April 2015 |access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref> He attended Our Lady of Compassion Roman Catholic Primary School and [[St Peter's Catholic School, Solihull|St Peter's Roman Catholic Secondary School]] in Solihull.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-playing-callum-reilly-8138398 |title=Aston Villa: Playing with Callum Reilly made me competitive, says Jack Grealish |first=Gregg |last=Evans |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=20 November 2014 |access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
He is of Irish descent, through his maternal grandfather from [[County Dublin]], his paternal grandfather from [[Gort]], County Galway, and his paternal grandmother from [[Sneem]], County Kerry.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/international/jack-grealish-poised-to-commit-to-ireland-senior-squad-1.1966879 |title=Jack Grealish poised to commit to Ireland senior squad |first=John |last=Fallon |newspaper=The Irish Times |location=Dublin |date=17 October 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref name=realdeal/><ref name=fatherinterview>{{cite web |url=https://talksport.com/football/264949/exclusive-jack-grealish-faces-tough-decision-about-england-future-claims-father/ |title=Exclusive&nbsp;– Jack Grealish faces tough decision about England future, claims father |first=Nick |last=Rostron-Pike |publisher=Talksport |date=21 April 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Influenced by his Irish heritage, Grealish played [[Gaelic football]] for [[John Mitchel's Hurling Club|John Mitchel's Hurling and Camogie Club]] of [[Warwickshire GAA]] between the ages of 10 and 14. He competed against former [[Aston Villa W.F.C.|Aston Villa]] and current [[Manchester United W.F.C.|Manchester United]] defender [[Aoife Mannion]], a school classmate of his, at Gaelic football.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10265~2848775,00.html |title=Mannion: Mixed Gaelic football games toughened me up |first=Paul |last=Brown |publisher=Aston Villa F.C. |date=13 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531021226/http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10265~2848775,00.html |archive-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> On 4 August 2009, Grealish scored a point representing Warwickshire GAA at [[Croke Park]] during half-time of the [[2009 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship|2009]] [[All-Ireland Senior Football Championship]] quarter-final between [[Dublin county football team|Dublin]] and [[Kerry county football team|Kerry]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/international-soccer/five-reasons-why-jack-grealish-will-choose-ireland-31159660.html |title=Five reasons why Jack Grealish will choose Ireland |first=Ger |last=Keville |newspaper=Irish Independent |location=Dublin |date=21 April 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Grealish's younger brother, Keelan, died of [[sudden infant death syndrome]] in April 2000 at the age of nine months.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kendrick |first1=Mat |title=The family tragedy that inspires Aston Villa's Birmingham City derby hero Jack Grealish |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-england-grealish-brother-13226229 |access-date=11 March 2019 |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=8 April 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
His great-great-grandfather, [[Billy Garraty]], was also a footballer, who earned one England cap and won the [[1905 FA Cup Final]] with [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-v-arsenal-1905-9067929 |title=Aston Villa v Arsenal: This 1905 FA Cup winner is related to a current Villa star&nbsp;– find out who |first=Mat |last=Kendrick |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=26 May 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://englandstats.com/players.php?pid=380 |title=Player info: William Garraty |website=Englandstats.com |publisher=Davey Naylor |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Club career==<br />
===Aston Villa===<br />
====Academy success====<br />
Having started at [[Highgate United F.C.|Highgate United Youth]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Graham |title=The genesis of Jack Grealish - the story of the boy in the oversized shirty |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/genesis-jack-grealish-story-boy-19347754 |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |location=Birmingham |date=29 November 2020}}</ref><br />
Grealish, a lifelong Aston Villa fan, joined the club as a six-year-old.<ref name=realdeal>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/sep/12/jack-grealish-real-deal-aston-villa |title=Jack Grealish turning into the real deal as he keeps his options open |first=Barry |last=Glendenning |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |date=12 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=fatherinterview /><ref name=contract14>{{cite news |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/exclusive-jack-grealish-offered-new-7744403 |title=Exclusive: Jack Grealish offered a new four-year contract by Aston Villa |first=Mat |last=Kendrick |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=9 September 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> At the age of 16, he was named as an unused [[Substitute (association football)|substitute]] in a 4–2 home [[Premier League]] defeat against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] on 31 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/AcademyProfile/0,,10265~2810726,00.html |title=Jack Grealish: Biography |publisher=Aston Villa F.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619044827/http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/AcademyProfile/0,,10265~2810726,00.html |archive-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> Grealish was part of the club's under-19 team that won the [[2012–13 NextGen Series]],<ref name=nextgen>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/aston-villa/9965508/NextGen-Series-Final-Chelsea-U19-0-Aston-Villa-U19-2.html |title=NextGen Series Final: Chelsea U19 0 Aston Villa U19 2 |first=John |last=Percy |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=1 April 2013 |access-date=13 September 2014}}</ref> scoring in a 3–1 extra-time win over [[Sporting CP]] in the semi-final.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<br />
<br />
====2013–2015====<br />
[[File:Jack Grealish aug 2014.jpg|thumb|upright|Grealish playing for [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] in 2014]]<br />
<br />
On 13 September 2013, Grealish joined [[EFL League One|League One]] club [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]] on a youth [[Loan (association football)|loan]] until 13 January 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24080568 |title=Notts County sign Marcus Huber and Jack Grealish |website=BBC Sport |date=13 September 2013 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Among his teammates that season was fellow loanee midfielder [[Callum McGregor]], a future [[Scotland national football team|Scottish international]].<ref> [https://amp.theguardian.com/football/2021/jun/17/callum-mcgregor-notts-county-gave-jack-grealish-and-i-a-real-education Callum McGregor: ‘Notts County gave Jack Grealish and me a real education’], The Guardian, 17 June 2021</ref> He made his professional debut the following day, coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for [[David Bell (footballer, born 1984)|David Bell]] in a 3–1 away defeat to [[Milton Keynes Dons F.C.|Milton Keynes Dons]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/23999353 |title=MK Dons 3–1 Notts County |website=BBC Sport |date=14 September 2013 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10265~3459591,00.html |title=Loan watch: Carruthers earns bragging rights over Grealish |first=Dan |last=Harrison |publisher=Aston Villa F.C. |date=15 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021002852/http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10265~3459591,00.html |archive-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> On 7 December, he scored his first career goal, beating three defenders to score the last goal in a 3–1 win over [[Gillingham F.C.|Gillingham]] at [[Meadow Lane]], and followed this a week later by opening a 4–0 victory at [[Colchester United F.C.|Colchester United]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25163990 |title=Notts County 3–1 Gillingham |website=BBC Sport |date=7 December 2013 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25275349 |title=Colchester United 0–4 Notts County |website=BBC Sport |date=14 December 2013 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Grealish extended his loan with Notts County on 17 January 2014 until the end of the season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nottscountyfc.co.uk/news/2014/january/grealish-signs-new-notts-loan-deal/ |title=Grealish signs new Notts loan deal |publisher=Notts County F.C. |date=17 January 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> He ended his loan with five goals and seven [[Assist (association football)|assists]] in 38 appearances.<ref name=realdeal/> At the end of his loan with Notts County, Grealish returned to Aston Villa and made his club debut on 7 May, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute for [[Ryan Bertrand]] in a 4–0 away defeat to [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] in the Premier League.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26396253 |title=Manchester City 4–0 Aston Villa |first=David |last=Ornstein |website=BBC Sport |date=7 May 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
With his contract due to expire in the summer of 2015, he was offered a new four-year deal by the club in September 2014.<ref name=contract14/> On 14 October, Grealish signed a new four-year contract with Aston Villa.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29619527 |title=Jack Grealish: Aston Villa midfielder signs new contract |website=BBC Sport |date=14 October 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Grealish made his first start in an [[2014–15 FA Cup|FA Cup]] third round tie on 4 January 2015 against [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]] at Villa Park, which his team won 1–0. He played 75 minutes before being substituted for [[Andreas Weimann]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30614386 |title=Aston Villa 1–0 Blackpool |first=Steve |last=Canavan |website=BBC Sport |date=4 January 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> On 7 March, in the sixth round, a 2–0 home win over [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]], he replaced [[Charles N'Zogbia]] after 74 minutes, and was sent off for a second booking for [[Diving (association football)|diving]] in added time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31669806 |title=Aston Villa 2–0 West Bromwich Albion |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=7 March 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> On 7 April, Grealish started his first match for Aston Villa in the Premier League, a 3–3 home draw against [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] in which his performance was highly praised.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32126419 |title=Aston Villa 3–3 Queens Park Rangers |first=Jonathan |last=Jurejko |website=BBC Sport |date=7 April 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> In the FA Cup semi-final against [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] at [[Wembley Stadium]], Grealish played a part in both of Villa's goals including assisting [[Fabian Delph]]'s winner, as they came from behind to advance to [[2015 FA Cup Final|the final]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32273487 |title=Aston Villa 2–1 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=19 April 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> On 30 May, Grealish played the entirety of the [[2015 FA Cup Final]] at Wembley Stadium, as Villa lost 4–0 to [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]].<ref name=FAC2015>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32856754 |title=Arsenal 4–0 Aston Villa |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=30 May 2015 |access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2015, Grealish was warned by Aston Villa [[Manager (association football)|manager]] [[Tim Sherwood]] after ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' published images showing him allegedly inhaling [[nitrous oxide]] for recreational purposes. Sherwood said that "We can't condone that behaviour. He is now in a responsible position as a professional footballer, he's got to make sure it won't happen again".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32436515 |title=Jack Grealish warned by Aston Villa boss Tim Sherwood |website=BBC Sport |date=23 April 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Grealish scored his first goal for Villa on 13 September 2015, a 20-yard shot to open the scoring away to [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]]; however, his team lost 3–2.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34166753 |title=Leicester City 3–2 Aston Villa |first=Andy |last=Cryer |website=BBC Sport |date=13 September 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> In November, he chose to stay in [[North West England]] and go clubbing after Villa's 4–0 loss to [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]. New manager [[Rémi Garde]] punished him for this decision by making Grealish train with the under-21 team, and stated that "You have to behave as a professional and it was not the case this time for Jack".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34930220 |title=Jack Grealish: Aston Villa boss Remi Garde drops midfielder |website=BBC Sport |date=26 November 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> He returned to full training on 8 December.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35038482 |title=Jack Grealish: Aston Villa player returns to first-team training |website=BBC Sport |date=8 December 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2016–2019====<br />
On 7 January 2016, [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] head coach [[Steve Evans (footballer, born 1962)|Steve Evans]] said that Villa had rejected an enquiry to take Grealish on loan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/423/evans-provides-latest-transfer-news |title=Evans provides latest transfer news |publisher=Leeds United F.C. |date=7 January 2016 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Villa finished the season in last place, ending their status as Premier League ever-presents. Grealish played 16 matches, all defeats, breaking a record for worst season previously held by Sunderland's [[Sean Thornton]], who lost in all 11 of his appearances in [[2002–03 FA Premier League|2002–03]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1862/premier-league/2016/05/18/23687422/aston-villas-jack-grealish-sets-unwanted-premier-league |title=Aston Villa's Jack Grealish sets unwanted Premier League record |first=Chris |last=Davie |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |date=18 May 2016 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> In September, Villa opened an internal disciplinary investigation after reports that Grealish was at a party at a Birmingham hotel which had to be shut down by the police in the early morning. In response, owner [[Tony Xia]] wrote on Twitter that Grealish had to focus on and off the pitch, and associate with the right people.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37438851 |title=Jack Grealish: Aston Villa investigate midfielder after reports of all-night party |website=BBC Sport |date=22 September 2016 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> In October, he was suspended for three matches after accepting a charge of violent conduct following a stamp on [[Conor Coady]] in Villa's 1–1 draw with [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espnfc.com/aston-villa/story/2975354/aston-villa-midfielder-jack-grealish-banned-for-three-games-over-stamp |title=Aston Villa midfielder Jack Grealish banned for three games over stamp |website=ESPN FC |agency=PA Sport |date=18 October 2016 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 10 March 2019, Grealish was assaulted by a pitch invader during the [[Second City Derby|derby match]] away to [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]. Later in the second half, he scored to give Villa a 1–0 victory.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ged |last=Scott |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47431193 |title=Birmingham City 0 – 1 Aston Villa |website=BBC Sport |date=10 March 2019}}</ref> A 27-year-old man from [[Rubery]] was arrested. He appeared on 11 March at [[Birmingham Magistrates' Court]] charged with encroachment on to the pitch and assault.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47515993 |title=Jack Grealish attacked by spectator in Birmingham v Aston Villa game |date=11 March 2019 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref> He pleaded guilty to the offences and was sent to prison for 14 weeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-47523268 |title=Fan jailed for Grealish pitch attack |date=11 March 2019 |website=BBC News |access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref> Grealish captained the team from March onwards, a period which saw them amass a club-record 10 league wins in a row. This form granted Villa a place in the play-offs where victories over West Bromwich Albion and [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] gained them promotion to the Premier League after an absence of three years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burt |first1=Jason |last2=Tyers |first2=Alan |title=Aston Villa end three-year Premier League exile with deserved play-off final victory over Derby at Wembley |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2019/05/27/aston-villa-vs-derby-championship-play-off-final-2019-live-score/ |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=27 May 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Grealish's first goal of the [[2019–20 Aston Villa F.C. season|2019–20 season]] came in the second round of the [[2019–20 EFL Cup]] against [[Crewe Alexandra F.C.|Crewe Alexandra]] on 27 August 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49403071 |title=Crewe Alexandra 1–6 Aston Villa |website=BBC Sport |date=27 August 2019 |access-date=25 August 2020}}</ref> His first Premier League goal of the season came on 5 October, netting his side's third goal in a 5–1 away win over [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]]. The result lifted the club out of the bottom three and leapfrogged their opponents in the Premier League table.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49861473 |title=Norwich City 1–5 website Villa |website=BBC Sport |first=Jonathan |last=Jurejko |date=5 October 2019 |access-date=25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2020–2021====<br />
In March 2020, the Premier League was suspended midway through Aston Villa's return season, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Premier League, Football League and WSL suspended until April |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/mar/13/premier-league-and-football-league-suspended-until-4-april-coronavirus |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |last=MacInnes |first=Paul |date=13 March 2020 |access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref> During that enforced break, it was revealed that Grealish had violated government guidance to stay home. He accepted that his actions were "wrong and entirely unnecessary" and was fined by the club.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/News/2020/03/30/club-statement-jack-grealish|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200331110735/https://www.avfc.co.uk/News/2020/03/30/club-statement-jack-grealish|archive-date=31 March 2020|title=Club statement |publisher=Aston Villa F.C. |date=30 March 2020 |access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Grealish was fouled 167 times across the [[2019–20 Premier League]] season; this was the most fouls won by a player in a single Premier League campaign, with Grealish passing the record with over eight matches remaining in the season.<ref>{{cite web |title=David Luiz errors, Grealish the victim and Norwich woe – Premier League's quirkiest numbers |url=https://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/david-luiz-errors-grealish-the-victim-and-norwich-woe-premier-league-s-quirkiest-numbers |website=The World Game |publisher=Special Broadcasting Service |access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref> He scored on the final day, as Aston Villa clinched survival in the Premier League with a 1–1 draw against [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]], as their relegation rivals [[Watford F.C.|Watford]] lost 3–2 to Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Ham United 1–1 Aston Villa |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53460591 |website=BBC Sport |last=Dawkes |first=Phil |date=26 July 2020 |access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref> At the club's end of season awards, Grealish was voted the Villa's Player of the Season by both the supporters and his fellow players.<ref name=ACFCAwards>{{Cite web |title=Jack Grealish voted Supporters' and Players' Player of the Year |url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/News/2020/08/07/jack-grealish-player-of-the-year |publisher=Aston Villa F.C. |date=7 August 2020 |access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref> He also finished the season as the club's leading goalscorer with eight goals in the Premier League and 10 in all competitions.<ref name=ACFCAwards/><br />
<br />
On 15 September 2020, Grealish signed a new five-year contract with Villa until 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jack Grealish: New Aston Villa deal for England midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54163120 |website=BBC Sport |date=15 September 2020 |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> He scored his first league goal of the campaign in Villa's second match on 28 September; the first goal in a 3–0 win at newly-promoted [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54230355|title=Aston Villa cruised to a comfortable Premier League win as they took advantage of another horrific defensive performance by Fulham|website=BBC Sport|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 4 October, he scored twice and provided three assists in a 7–2 home victory over [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 October 2020|title=Aston Villa 7-2 Liverpool |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54313270 |access-date=4 October 2020|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> It was Liverpool's heaviest defeat in 57 years and was the first time in Premier League history that a reigning champion had conceded seven goals in a single match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/premier-league-champs-liverpool-stunned-72-by-aston-villa-201337111.html|title=Premier League champs Liverpool stunned 7-2 by Aston Villa; Reds worst loss in 57 years|publisher=Yahoo!|date=4 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref> It took almost a month for Grealish to score again, when he netted a 97th-minute goal against [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]], although it was not enough as Villa lost 4–3.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Saj |title=Aston Villa 3-4 Southampton: James Ward-Prowse free-kick double sends Saints third |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54679346 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Manchester City===<br />
On 5 August 2021, [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] announced that they had signed Grealish on a six-year contract that would run until 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pollard|first=Rob|title=City seal Grealish deal|url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/manchester-city-sign-jack-grealish-63763786 |date=5 August 2021 |access-date=5 August 2021 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> It was reported by numerous outlets that the transfer fee paid to Aston Villa was for the amount of £100 million, which constituted the [[List of most expensive association football transfers|most expensive transfer of an English player ever]], as well as the highest fee ever paid by a British club.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jack Grealish: Manchester City sign Aston Villa captain for £100m |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12372309/jack-grealish-manchester-city-sign-aston-villa-captain-for-100m |date=5 August 2021 |access-date=5 August 2021 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Grealish was given the [[Squad number (association football)|number 10 shirt]] by the team which had previously been worn by club legend [[Sergio Agüero]], who departed from City the month prior after ten seasons with the team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/jack-grealish-man-city-squad-number-63763785 |title=Grealish squad number revealed |publisher=Manchester City F.C. |date=5 August 2021 |access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ten days later, Grealish made his debut for City on a 1–0 defeat against [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] on the first matchday of the [[2021–22 Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pep Guardiola hails 'incredible' Jack Grealish debut for Manchester City, but has worries over Ilkay Gundogan |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/premier-league/2020-2021/pep-guardiola-hails-incredible-jack-grealish-debut-for-manchester-city-but-has-worries-over-ilkay-gu_sto8492517/story.shtml |publisher=EuroSport |access-date=16 August 2021 |date=15 August 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 21 August, Grealish scored his first goal for the club in a 5–0 win over [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58193429|title=Manchester City 5–0 Norwich City: Jack Grealish scores on home debut for Premier League champions|work=BBC Sport|date=21 August 2021|access-date=21 August 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
In March 2020, Grealish was found to have violated government guidance to stay at home in relation to [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 regulations]] and was fined by Aston Villa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/News/2020/03/30/club-statement-jack-grealish |title=Club statement |publisher=Aston Villa F.C. |date=30 March 2020 |access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref> Grealish was banned from driving for nine months in the UK and fined £82,499 after pleading guilty to two counts of careless driving in March and October 2020, one in which he was filmed colliding with several parked cars during a turn in the road.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/aston-villa/jack-grealish-driving-ban-fine-news-b1774208.html|title=Jack Grealish banned from driving for nine months and fined after pleading guilty to careless driving |newspaper=The Independent |date=15 December 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
===Republic of Ireland===<br />
While playing in Irish youth teams, England were known to have been pursuing him, even naming him in their [[England national under-17 football team|under-17 team]] in 2011 at the age of 15&nbsp;– an invitation he declined.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/grealish-pledges-his-future-to-boys-in-green-29455715.html |title=Grealish pledges his future to Boys in Green |newspaper=Irish Independent |location=Dublin |date=29 July 2013 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> After being left off the [[Republic of Ireland national under-19 football team|Republic of Ireland under-21 team]] for three qualifiers in October 2012, the English FA made an approach for him to switch. [[Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team|Republic of Ireland under-21]] manager [[Noel King]] said in May 2013 that the 17-year-old was pondering a switch to England so he was not considered for a friendly against Denmark, although King later stepped in to assure Grealish and his family that he was a part of his plans.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}<br />
<br />
Grealish made his under-21 debut for the Republic of Ireland as a late substitute against the [[Faroe Islands national under-21 football team|Faroe Islands]] in August 2013. In 2013, Grealish reaffirmed his desire to continue representing Ireland.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/international/grealish-happy-to-stay-in-green-for-nights-like-these-1.1520997 |title=Grealish happy to stay in green for nights like these |newspaper=The Irish Times |location=Dublin |date=9 September 2013 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
In August 2014, Grealish was again named to the Republic of Ireland under-21 squad. It was initially reported that he would decline the call up to the under-21s due to being undecided over his international future,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9441441/aston-villa-boss-paul-lambert-insists-jack-grealish-will-decide-his-own-international-future |title=Aston Villa will let Jack Grealish decide international future |website=Sky Sports |date=26 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/other-soccer/lambert-jack-grealish-has-a-big-international-decision-to-make-30538586.html |title=Lambert: Jack Grealish has a big international decision to make |newspaper=Irish Independent |location=Dublin |date=26 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> however Grealish did turn out for the Republic of Ireland in a 2–0 loss against [[Germany national under-21 football team|Germany]]. It later emerged that Grealish had actually declined a call-up to the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|senior Irish team]] after talks with [[Martin O'Neill]].<ref name=realdeal/> In October 2014, Grealish pulled out of a Republic of Ireland under-21 squad for a game against Norway to play in a behind closed doors friendly for his club Aston Villa and [[England national under-21 football team|England under-21]] manager [[Gareth Southgate]] confirmed that the [[The Football Association|Football Association]] were monitoring the player's situation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/oct/06/gareth-southgate-england-under-21s-jack-grealish-republic-of-ireland-under-21s |title=Gareth Southgate hopes Jack Grealish decides to play for England |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |agency=Press Association |date=6 October 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/international-soccer/jack-grealish-withdraws-from-ireland-under21-squad-and-noel-king-accepts-his-reasons-30643308.html |title=Jack Grealish withdraws from Ireland under-21 squad and Noel King "accepts" his reasons |newspaper=Irish Independent |location=Dublin |date=6 October 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Reports emerged on 17 October that Grealish had declared for Ireland and would make his senior debut the next month<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29660430 |title=Jack Grealish: Aston Villa winger set for Republic of Ireland |website=BBC Sport |date=17 October 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> but this was denied by the player.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thescore.ie/jack-grealish-ireland-future-1729749-Oct2014/ |title=Confusion surrounds Grealish's international future despite reports |date=17 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018111118/http://www.thescore.ie/jack-grealish-ireland-future-1729749-Oct2014/ |archive-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> Grealish was awarded the [[FAI International Football Awards#Under-21 International Player of the Year|Under-21 player of the year]] by the [[Football Association of Ireland]] in March 2015 where he announced that he had taken a break from youth internationals over the past year to focus on breaking into the Aston Villa first team and that he expected to be back playing for Ireland in the near future.<ref name=RTE/> <br />
<br />
In May 2015, O'Neill confirmed that Grealish had turned down another call-up to the Irish senior squad, this time for a friendly against England and a European Championship qualifier against [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32703107 |title=Jack Grealish: Aston Villa player turns down Republic call-up |website=BBC Sport |date=12 May 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> England manager [[Roy Hodgson]] disclosed that although he had been in contact with Grealish, he had chosen not to include him in their squad to face Ireland in case of a backlash.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32840053 |title=Roy Hodgson feared reaction to Jack Grealish England call-up |website=BBC Sport |date=21 May 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> In August 2015, Hodgson met with Grealish to discuss his future.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-star-jack-grealish-9999788 |title=Aston Villa star Jack Grealish could get Euros chance |first=Gregg |last=Evans |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=7 September 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
===England===<br />
On 28 September 2015, Grealish confirmed that he had decided to represent England at international level.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34382195 |title=Jack Grealish chooses England over Republic of Ireland |website=BBC Sport |date=28 September 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> He made his debut for England under-21s on 19 May 2016 as a 72nd-minute substitute for [[Ruben Loftus-Cheek]] in a 1–0 win over [[Portugal national under-21 football team|Portugal]] at the [[Toulon Tournament]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/10288368/england-u21-1-0-portugal-u21-grealish-plays-in-toulon-win |title=England U21 1–0 Portugal U21: Grealish plays in Toulon win |first=Andrew |last=Dickson |website=Sky Sports |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> On his first start four days later he scored twice in the first half of a 7–1 win over [[Guinea national under-20 football team|Guinea]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/england-u21s/result/result-england-u21s-recover-to-put-seven-past-guinea_273328.html |title=Result: Debutant Jack Grealish bags brace as England U-21s put seven past Guinea U-23s |first=Daniel |last=Lewis |website=Sports Mole |date=24 May 2016 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> England went on to win the tournament for the first time since 1994.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36410296 |title=England Under-21s win Toulon Tournament for first time in 22 years |website=BBC Sport |date=29 May 2016 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Grealish was named in the squad for England under-21 at the [[2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/2017-european-u21-championships-results-10627320 |title=2017 European U21 Championships: Squads, fixtures, results, stadiums and more for tournament in Poland |first=Billy |last=Stephenson |newspaper=Daily Mirror |location=London |date=26 June 2017 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> From 2016 to 2017, he made seven appearances for the under-21s, scoring two goals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/MatchRsl/MatchRslTmU21pg4.html |title=England's matches: The under 21's: 2010–20 |website=England Football Online |date=24 June 2019 |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 31 August 2020, for the first time, Grealish was called up to the senior [[England national football team|England]] squad for the [[UEFA Nations League]] fixtures against [[Iceland national football team|Iceland]] and [[Denmark national football team|Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/amp/football/news/11095/12060478/jack-grealish-gets-first-england-call-up-from-gareth-southgate |title=Jack Grealish gets first England call-up from Gareth Southgate |website=Sky Sports |date=31 August 2020}}</ref> On 8 September, he made his senior debut as a 76th-minute substitute in a 0–0 draw against Denmark.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53980518 |title=Denmark 0–0 England |website=BBC Sport |date=8 September 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 1 June 2021, Grealish was named in the 26-man squad for the newly rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lucas|first=Jim|title=England's squad of 26 players for UEFA EURO 2020 has been named|url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2021/Jun/01/20210601-england-squad-named-for-uefa-euro-2020|url-status=live|access-date=6 August 2021|website=England Football|publisher=The Football Association|language=en}}</ref> On 29 June, in the Round of 16 match against [[Germany national football team|Germany]], Grealish was introduced as a substitute in the 68th minute and contributed directly to both goals in a 2–0 win, playing in [[Luke Shaw]] to assist [[Raheem Sterling]], and crossing for [[Harry Kane]] to head in late in the match.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.as.com/en/2021/06/29/football/1624976933_157859.html|title=England 2-0 Germany summary: score, goals, highlights, Euro 2020 |newspaper=AS |date=29 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Style of play==<br />
Grealish plays as a [[Winger (association football)|winger]] or [[attacking midfielder]], and has been noted for his ability to run and dribble past defenders.<ref name=open/> Bryan Jones, Aston Villa's former academy director, likened his playing style to that of [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] legend [[John Robertson (footballer, born 1953)|John Robertson]], citing his "ability to just ghost past people".<ref name=open>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/sep/12/jack-grealish-real-deal-aston-villa |title=Jack Grealish turning into the real deal as he keeps his options open |first=Barry |last=Glendenning |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |date=12 September 2014 |access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
As a consequence of his nimble movement, Grealish has notably been on the receiving end of heavier, more physical challenges from opposing players. [[Shaun Derry]], his manager at Notts County, highlighted this, following fixtures against [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] and [[Stevenage F.C.|Stevenage]] in early 2014 and called for more official protection.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nottinghampost.com/Peterborough-v-Notts-County-Shaun-Derry-eager/story-20470851-detail/story.html |title=Peterborough v Notts County: Shaun Derry eager to protect Jack Grealish from rough treatment |newspaper=Nottingham Post |date=21 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022164727/http://www.nottinghampost.com/Peterborough-v-Notts-County-Shaun-Derry-eager/story-20470851-detail/story.html |archive-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> In a 2014 match for Aston Villa against [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] at [[Villa Park]], a number of fouls committed against Grealish resulted in three Hull players receiving yellow cards within just a 15-minute period.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-interview-aston-villas-jack-7748474 |title=The Big Interview: Aston Villa's Jack Grealish says he is a lifelong fan and wants to stay at Villa Park |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=11 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111534/http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-interview-aston-villas-jack-7748474 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Grealish wears child-sized [[shin guard|shin pads]] whilst playing, in order to maintain his ability to control the ball effectively.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/jack-grealish-what-you-aston-7745529 |title=Jack Grealish: What do you get Aston Villa's wing whizz-kid for his 19th birthday today? |first=Mat |last=Kendrick |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=10 September 2014 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> He wears his football socks rolled down due to superstition, which has led to referees warning him to pull them up.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32218865 |title=Jack Grealish: Aston Villa midfielder reveals superstition |website=BBC Sport |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Aston Villa manager Tim Sherwood said in May 2015 that Grealish was learning from his friendship with his midfield partner, the experienced [[Joe Cole]]. Sherwood considered Cole a role model for Grealish's private life, as he "didn't read too much about Joe being on the front pages".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32558982 |title=Tim Sherwood: Jack Grealish can learn from Joe Cole at Aston Villa |website=BBC Sport |date=1 May 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 12 February 2021, In an interview with [[Talksport]], Aston Villa teammate [[Emiliano Martínez]] described Grealish as "the most talented player [he had] ever seen" and expressed surprise that he had not played more games for [[England national football team|England]]. Martínez went on to say: "he never gives the ball away. When I see Grealish running, it’s always a shot on target or a corner for us. He will drive past two or three players". Martínez also drew comparisons of Grealish to his Argentina teammate, [[Lionel Messi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-12|title=Grealish is 'Messi with a right foot' and 'most talented star' ex-Arsenal man has seen|url=https://talksport.com/football/833327/aston-villa-jack-grealish-lionel-messi-arsenal-emiliano-martinez-arsenal/|access-date=2021-02-18|publisher=Talksport}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Criticism===<br />
Despite his ability and deft work on the ball, Grealish has on numerous occasions been criticised for going down too easily and allegedly [[Diving (association football) |diving]] to win penalties and free kicks.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Winterburn |first1=Sarah |title=Jack Grealish, diving and the utter failure of the law |url=https://www.football365.com/news/jack-grealish-diving-utter-failure-law |website=Football365 |publisher=Planet Sport Publishing Ltd |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> Former [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] defender [[Steve Nicol]] has said, "Jack Grealish throws himself on the ground 50 times a game. I was actually looking at the clock today. The first time he went down was just under a minute on the clock. The next one was on three minutes! [It's] Most embarrassing. He threw himself on the ground where the dugouts were. Just embarrassing. He is a brilliant player. He really spoils it for me when I’m watching."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=John |title=Steve Nicol slams Aston Villa’s Jack Grealish for diving |url=https://sportslens.com/steve-nicol-slams-aston-villas-jack-grealish-for-diving/323936/|website=SportsLens |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> He was booked for a dive against [[Crystal Palace F.C. |Crystal Palace]], which led to an equalising goal from Villa being disallowed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosser |first1=Jack |title=Jack Grealish still reeling from Crystal Palace 'diving' controversy as Aston Villa denied goal |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/jack-grealish-aston-villa-crystal-palace-diving-controversy-a4241561.html |newspaper=Evening Standard |location=London |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> Former [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]], [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham]] and England defender [[Matthew Upson]] has criticised him, saying "We could see it here and we are a fair distance away. Jack Grealish waited for the contact and literally just dived on the floor... I can see Grealish having a cheeky little chuckle to himself and happy with the free-kick he has just won."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Owen |first1=Brian |title=Matt Upson's reaction to Jack Grealish 'dive' and VAR offside |url=https://www.theargus.co.uk/sport/18910312.matt-upsons-reaction-jack-grealish-dive-var-offside/ |newspaper=The Argus |location=Brighton |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
However, he has defended himself, saying that the fact he is the most fouled player in the league suggests defenders make more mistakes trying to stop him, thus giving away more penalties and free kicks.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Byrom |first1=David |title=Jack Grealish calls out Leeds United fans as he responds to Aston Villa diving accusations |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/jack-grealish-diver-leeds-foul-19446604 |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career statistics==<br />
===Club===<br />
{{updated|match played 28 August 2021}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Club<br />
!rowspan="2"|Season<br />
!colspan="3"|League<br />
!colspan="2"|[[FA Cup]]<br />
!colspan="2"|[[EFL Cup|League Cup]]<br />
!colspan="2"|Europe<br />
!colspan="2"|Other<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="11"|[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]<br />
|[[2011–12 Aston Villa F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2011|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|[[Premier League]]<br />
|0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012–13 Aston Villa F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2012|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|Premier League<br />
|0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013–14 Aston Villa F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314>{{soccerbase season|64748|2013|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|Premier League<br />
|1||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014–15 Aston Villa F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2014|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|Premier League<br />
|17||0||6||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||24||0<br />
|-<br />
|[[2015–16 Aston Villa F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2015|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|Premier League<br />
|16||1||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||21||1<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016–17 Aston Villa F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2016|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|[[EFL Championship|Championship]]<br />
|31||5||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||33||5<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017–18 Aston Villa F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2017|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|Championship<br />
|27||3||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||3{{efn|name=CPO|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs|Championship play-offs]]}}||0||31||3<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018–19 Aston Villa F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2018|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|Championship<br />
|31||6||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||3{{efn|name=CPO}}||0||35||6<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019–20 Aston Villa F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2019|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|Premier League<br />
|36||8|||0||0||5||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||41||10<br />
|-<br />
|[[2020–21 Aston Villa F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2020|access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref><br />
|Premier League<br />
|26||6||0||0||1||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||27||7<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!185||29||10||0||12||3||0||0||6||0||213||32<br />
|-<br />
|[[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]] (loan)<br />
|[[2013–14 Notts County F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name=sb1314/><br />
|[[EFL League One|League One]]<br />
|37||5||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Football League Trophy]]}}||0||39||5<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]<br />
|[[2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|64748|2021|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref><br />
|Premier League<br />
|3||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[FA Community Shield]]}}||0||4||1<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="3"|Career total<br />
!225||35||11||0||12||3||0||0||8||0||256||38<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
===International===<br />
{{updated|match played 8 September 2021}}<ref>{{NFT player |id=79306 |name=Grealish, Jack |access-date=8 September 2021}}<br />{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/08/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/poland/england/3430226/ |title=Poland vs. England 1–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+ Appearances and goals by national team and year<br />
|-<br />
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[England national football team|England]]<br />
|2020||5||0<br />
|-<br />
|2021||10||0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total||15||0<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
'''Aston Villa Youth'''<br />
*[[NextGen Series (2011–13)|NextGen Series]]: [[2012–13 NextGen Series|2012–13]]<ref name=nextgen/><br />
<br />
'''Aston Villa'''<br />
*[[EFL Championship play-offs]]: [[2019 English Football League play-offs#Championship|2019]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48331145 |title=Aston Villa 2–1 Derby County |first=Ian |last=Woodcock |website=BBC Sport |date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref><br />
*[[FA Cup]] runner-up: [[2014–15 FA Cup|2014–15]]<ref name=FAC2015/><br />
*[[EFL Cup]] runner-up: [[2019–20 EFL Cup|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51601970 |title=Aston Villa 1–2 Manchester City |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=1 March 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''England U21'''<br />
*[[Toulon Tournament]]: [[2016 Toulon Tournament|2016]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2016/may/29/france-toulon-final-report-280516 |title=England under-21s lift Toulon title after win over France |first=Nicholas |last=Veevers |publisher=The Football Association |date=29 May 2016 |access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''England'''<br />
*[[UEFA European Championship]] runner-up: [[UEFA Euro 2020|2020]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51198762 |title=Italy 1–1 England |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=11 July 2021 |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Individual'''<br />
*[[FAI International Football Awards#Under-17 International Player of the Year|FAI Under-17 Irish International Player of the Year]]: 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/stars-honoured-at-23rd-international-awards |title=Stars honoured at 23rd International Awards |publisher=Football Association of Ireland |date=4 February 2013 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
*[[FAI International Football Awards#Under-21 International Player of the Year|FAI Under-21 Irish International Player of the Year]]: 2015<ref name=RTE>{{cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2015/0322/688974-video-grealish-likely-to-return-to-ireland-set-up/ |title=Video: Grealish set to return to Ireland set-up |website=RTÉ Sport |date=22 March 2015 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><br />
*Aston Villa Young Player of the Season: [[2014–15 Aston Villa F.C. season|2014–15]]{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}<br />
*[[PFA Team of the Year]]: [[PFA Team of the Year (2010s)#Championship 10|2018–19 Championship]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48039297 |title=Championship: Norwich and Leeds dominate PFA selection of team of 2018–19 |website=BBC Sport |date=24 April 2019 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><br />
*Aston Villa Player of the Season: [[2019–20 Aston Villa F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/News/2020/08/07/jack-grealish-player-of-the-year |title=Jack Grealish voted Supporters' and Players' Player of the Year |publisher=Aston Villa F.C. |date=7 August 2020 |access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
*[https://www.mancity.com/players/jack-grealish Profile] at the Manchester City F.C. website<br />
*[https://www.englandfootball.com/mens-senior-team/squad/Jack-Grealish Profile] at the Football Association website<br />
*[https://www.fai.ie/ireland/player/250042329 Profile] at the Football Association of Ireland website<br />
*{{UEFA player}}<br />
<br />
{{Manchester City F.C. squad}}<br />
{{England squad UEFA Euro 2020}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
| title = Awards<br />
| bg = gold<br />
| fg = navy<br />
| list1 = <br />
{{2018–19 EFL Championship PFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{Aston Villa F.C. Player of the Season}}<br />
{{FAI Under 17 International Player of the Year}}<br />
{{FAI Under 21 International Player of the Year}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grealish, Jack}}<br />
[[Category:1995 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Solihull]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands]]<br />
[[Category:English footballers]]<br />
[[Category:England under-21 international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:England international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Republic of Ireland association footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Republic of Ireland youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Association football midfielders]]<br />
[[Category:Association football wingers]]<br />
[[Category:Aston Villa F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:Notts County F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:Manchester City F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:English Football League players]]<br />
[[Category:Premier League players]]<br />
[[Category:FA Cup Final players]]<br />
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2020 players]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Irish descent]]<br />
[[Category:Gaelic footballers who switched code]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Tolstoy&diff=176899Leo Tolstoy2021-09-09T06:15:01Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Russian writer, author of "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina"}} {{Redirect2|Tolstoy|Lev Tolstoy|other uses|Tolstoy (disambiguation)|and|Lev Tolstoy (disamb..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Russian writer, author of "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina"}}<br />
{{Redirect2|Tolstoy|Lev Tolstoy|other uses|Tolstoy (disambiguation)|and|Lev Tolstoy (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{family name hatnote|Nikolayevich|Tolstoy|lang=Eastern Slavic}}<br />
{{Pp-semi-indef}}<br />
{{Pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox writer<br />
| name = Leo Tolstoy<br />
| image = L.N.Tolstoy Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Tolstoy on 23 May 1908 at [[Yasnaya Polyana]],<ref>"[http://www.tolstoy-studies-journal.com/tolstoy-in-color Tolstoy in Color]," ''Tolstoy Studies Journal,'' a publication of the Tolstoy Society of North America, n.d. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</ref> Lithograph print by [[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky]]<br />
| pseudonym = <br />
| native_name = Лев Николаевич Толстой<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1828|09|09|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Yasnaya Polyana]], Tula Governorate, Russian Empire<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1910|11|20|1828|09|09|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Lev Tolstoy (rural locality)|Astapovo]], Ryazan Governorate, Russian Empire<br />
| resting_place = [[Yasnaya Polyana]]<br />
| occupation = [[Novelist]], [[short story]] writer, [[playwright]], [[essayist]]<br />
| language = Russian<br />
| period = 1847–1910<br />
| genre = <br />
| subject = <br />
| movement = [[Literary realism|Realism]]<br />
| notableworks = ''{{ubl|[[War and Peace]]|[[Anna Karenina]]|[[The Death of Ivan Ilyich]]|[[The Kingdom of God Is Within You]]|[[Resurrection (Tolstoy novel)|Resurrection]]}}''<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sophia Tolstaya|Sophia Behrs]]|23 September 1862}}<br />
| partner = <br />
| children = 13<br />
| signature = Leo Tolstoy signature.svg<br />
| module = {{ Listen| embed=yes |filename= Tolstoy Vremya prishlo.ogg |title= Leo Tolstoy's voice |type= speech |description= recorded 1908 }}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|Nikolay Tolstoy (father)|Mariya Tolstaya (mother)}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Libertarianism sidebar}}<br />
[[File:Leon tolstoi.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait of Leo Tolstoy by [[Ivan Kramskoi]], 1873]]<br />
Count '''Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy'''<ref group=note>Tolstoy pronounced his first name as {{IPA-ru|lʲɵf|}}, which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. ({{cite book |last=Nabokov |first=Vladimir |title= Lectures on Russian literature |page=216 }})</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|oʊ|l|s|t|ɔɪ|,_|ˈ|t|ɒ|l|-}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tolstoy "Tolstoy"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-ru|link=no|Лев Николаевич Толстой}},<ref group=note>In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as {{lang|ru-petr1708|Левъ Николаевичъ Толстой}} in [[Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution reform|pre-reformed Russian]].</ref> {{IPA-ru|ˈlʲef nʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj|IPA|Ru-Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy.ogg}}; {{OldStyleDate|9 September|1828|28 August}}{{snd}} {{OldStyleDate|20 November|1910|7 November}}), usually referred to in English as '''Leo Tolstoy''', was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-Tolstoy |title=Leo Tolstoy |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> He received nominations for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1901, 1902, and 1909. That he never won is a major [[Nobel Prize controversies#Literature|controversy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=9303|title=Nomination Database|website=old.nobelprize.org|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/proclamation-sent-to-leo-tolstoy-after-the-1901-years-presentation-of-nobel-prizes/|title=Proclamation sent to Leo Tolstoy after the 1901 year's presentation of Nobel Prizes|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1950/10/winning-the-nobel-prize/305480/|title=Winning the Nobel Prize|last=Hedin|first=Naboth|date=1 October 1950|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/10/07/nobel-prize-in-literature_1_n_752826.html|title=Nobel Prize Snubs In Literature: 9 Famous Writers Who Should Have Won (Photos)|date=7 October 2010|work=Huffington Post|access-date=8 March 2019|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
Born to an aristocratic Russian family in 1828,<ref name="Britannica" /> Tolstoy is best known for the novels ''[[War and Peace]]'' (1869) and ''[[Anna Karenina]]'' (1878),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/facing-death-with-tolstoy |title=Facing death with Tolstoy |work=[[The New Yorker]] |last=Beard |first=Mary |date=5 November 2013}}</ref> often cited as pinnacles of [[Literary realism|realist]] fiction.<ref name="Britannica" /> He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, ''[[Childhood (Tolstoy novel)|Childhood]]'', ''[[Boyhood (novel)|Boyhood]]'', and ''[[Youth (Leo Tolstoy novel)|Youth]]'' (1852–1856), and ''[[Sevastopol Sketches]]'' (1855), based upon his experiences in the [[Crimean War]]. His fiction includes dozens of short stories and several [[novella]]s such as ''[[The Death of Ivan Ilyich]]'' (1886), ''[[Family Happiness]]'' (1859), "[[After the Ball (short story)|After The Ball]]" (1911) and ''[[Hadji Murat (novel)|Hadji Murad]]'' (1912). He also wrote [[play (theater)|plays]] and numerous philosophical essays.<br />
<br />
In the 1870s, Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening, as outlined in his non-fiction work ''[[A Confession]]'' (1882). His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the [[Sermon on the Mount]], caused him to become a fervent [[Christian anarchism|Christian anarchist]] and [[anarcho-pacifist|pacifist]].<ref name="Britannica" /> His ideas on [[nonviolent resistance]], expressed in such works as ''[[The Kingdom of God Is Within You]]'' (1894), had a profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<ref name="ResistNotEvil">[http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/opinion/Resist_Not.html Martin E. Hellman, ''Resist Not Evil'' in ''World Without Violence'' (Arun Gandhi ed.), M.K. Gandhi Institute, 1994], retrieved on 14 December 2006</ref> and [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]<ref>{{cite book | last = King, Jr. | first = Martin Luther |author2=Clayborne Carson | title = The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Volume V: Threshold of a New Decade, January 1959&nbsp;– December 1960 | publisher = University of California Press | year = 2005 | pages = 149, 269, 248 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TU_HozbJSC8C&pg=PA269 | isbn = 978-0-520-24239-5 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> He also became a dedicated advocate of [[Georgism]], the economic philosophy of [[Henry George]], which he incorporated into his writing, particularly ''[[Resurrection (Tolstoy novel)|Resurrection]]'' (1899).<br />
<br />
== Origins ==<br />
{{main|Tolstoy family}}<br />
The [[Tolstoy family|Tolstoys]] were a well-known family of old [[Russian nobility]] who traced their ancestry to a mythical nobleman named Indris described by [[Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy|Pyotr Tolstoy]] as arriving "from Nemec, from the lands of [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]" to [[Chernigov]] in 1353 along with his two sons Litvinos (or Litvonis) and Zimonten (or Zigmont) and a [[druzhina]] of 3000 people.<ref name='rummel'>''Vitold Rummel, Vladimir Golubtsov (1886)''. [http://www.runivers.ru/lib/book3148/10056/ Genealogical Collection of Russian Noble Families in 2 Volumes. Volume 2] – The Tolstoys, Counts and Noblemen. Saint Petersburg: A.S. Suvorin Publishing House, p. 487</ref><ref name='bunin'>[[Ivan Bunin]], ''The Liberation of Tolstoy: A Tale of Two Writers'', p. 100</ref> While the word "Nemec" has been long used to describe Germans only, at that time it was applied to any foreigner who didn't speak Russian (from the word ''nemoy'' meaning ''mute'').<ref>[http://slovardalja.net/word.php?wordid=19618 Nemoy/Немой] word meaning from the [[Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language|Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary]] (in Russian)</ref> Indris was then converted to [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]], under the name of Leonty, and his sons as Konstantin and Feodor. Konstantin's grandson Andrei Kharitonovich was nicknamed Tolstiy (translated as ''fat'') by [[Vasily II of Moscow]] after he moved from Chernigov to Moscow.<ref name='rummel' /><ref name='bunin' /><br />
<br />
Because of the pagan names and the fact that Chernigov at the time was ruled by [[Demetrius I Starshy]] some researchers concluded that they were [[Lithuanians]] who arrived from the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name='rummel' /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kDJ3s1mcZcC&q=tolstoy+lithuanian&pg=PA8|title=Tolstoy|isbn=978-0-8021-3768-5|last1=Troyat|first1=Henri|year=2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/06/books/six-centuries-of-tolstoys.html|title=Six Centuries of Tolstoys|date=6 November 1983|newspaper=The New York Times|last1=Robinson|first1=Harlow}}</ref> At the same time, no mention of Indris was ever found in the 14th-to-16th-century documents, while the [[Old Russian Chronicles|Chernigov Chronicles]] used by Pyotr Tolstoy as a reference were lost.<ref name='rummel' /> The first documented members of the Tolstoy family also lived during the 17th century, thus Pyotr Tolstoy himself is generally considered the founder of the noble house, being granted the title of [[count]] by [[Peter the Great]].<ref>[https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/162.html Tolstoy coat of arms] by All-Russian Armorials of Noble Houses of the Russian Empire. Part 2, 30 June 1798 (in Russian)</ref><ref>[https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/Толстые The Tolstoys] article from [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]], 1890–1907 (in Russian)</ref><br />
<br />
== Life and career ==<br />
[[File:Nicolay Ilyich Tolstoy.jpg|thumb|left|Portrait of Nikolay Ilyich Tolstoy, 1823]]<br />
[[File:Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy 1848.jpg|thumb|right|Leo Tolstoy at age 20, {{circa}} 1848]]<br />
Tolstoy was born at [[Yasnaya Polyana]], a family estate {{convert|12|km|mi}} southwest of [[Tula, Russia|Tula]], and {{convert|200|km|mi}} south of Moscow. He was the fourth of five children of [[Count]] Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1794–1837), a veteran of the [[French invasion of Russia|Patriotic War of 1812]], and Countess Mariya Tolstaya (née Volkonskaya; 1790–1830). His mother died when he was two and his father when he was nine.<ref name="AuthorDataSheet" /> Tolstoy and his siblings were brought up by relatives.<ref name="Britannica" /> In 1844, he began studying law and oriental languages at [[Kazan University]], where teachers described him as "both unable and unwilling to learn".<ref name="AuthorDataSheet">{{cite web |url=http://www.macmillanreaders.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/ads.leotolstoy.pdf |title=Author Data Sheet, Macmillan Readers |publisher=Macmillan Publishers Limited |access-date=22 October 2010}}</ref> Tolstoy left the university in the middle of his studies,<ref name="AuthorDataSheet" /> returned to Yasnaya Polyana and then spent much time in Moscow, Tula and Saint Petersburg, leading a lax and leisurely lifestyle.<ref name="Britannica" /> He began writing during this period,<ref name="AuthorDataSheet" /> including his first novel ''[[Childhood (Tolstoy novel)|Childhood]]'', a fictitious account of his own youth, which was published in 1852.<ref name="Britannica" /> In 1851, after running up heavy gambling debts, he went with his older brother to the [[Caucasus (geographic region)|Caucasus]] and joined the [[Imperial Russian Army|army]]. Tolstoy served as a young artillery officer during the [[Crimean War]] and was in Sevastopol during the 11-month-long [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55)|siege of Sevastopol]] in 1854–55,<ref name="BBCTen" /> including the [[Battle of the Chernaya]]. During the war he was recognised for his courage and promoted to lieutenant.<ref name="BBCTen">"[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3GL3DPct7D5GPQzB7GlrrBW/ten-things-you-didnt-know-about-tolstoy Ten Things You Didn't Know About Tolstoy]". BBC.</ref> He was appalled by the number of deaths involved in warfare,<ref name="AuthorDataSheet" /> and left the army after the end of the Crimean War.<ref name="Britannica" /><br />
<br />
His experience in the army, and two trips around Europe in 1857 and 1860–61 converted Tolstoy from a dissolute and privileged society author to a non-violent and spiritual [[Anarchism|anarchist]]. Others who followed the same path were [[Alexander Herzen]], [[Mikhail Bakunin]] and [[Peter Kropotkin]]. During his 1857 visit, Tolstoy witnessed a public execution in Paris, a traumatic experience that marked the rest of his life. In a letter to his friend [[Vasily Botkin]], Tolstoy wrote: "The truth is that the State is a conspiracy designed not only to exploit, but above all to corrupt its citizens ... Henceforth, I shall never serve any government anywhere."<ref>A.N. Wilson, ''Tolstoy'' (1988), p. 146</ref> Tolstoy's concept of [[non-violence]] or [[ahimsa]] was bolstered when he read a [[Tirukkural translations into German|German version]] of the [[Tirukkural]].<ref name="PearlsOfInsp_Rajaram">{{cite book| last = Rajaram| first = M.| title = Thirukkural: Pearls of Inspiration| publisher = Rupa Publications| date = 2009| location = New Delhi | isbn = 978-81-291-1467-9| pages = xviii–xxi}}</ref> He later instilled the concept in [[Mahatma Gandhi]] through his [[A Letter to a Hindu]] when young Gandhi corresponded with him seeking his advice.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.online-literature.com/tolstoy/2733/| title = A Letter to A Hindu: The Subjection of India-Its Cause and Cure| last = Tolstoy| first = Leo| date = 14 December 1908| publisher = The Literature Network| access-date = 12 February 2012| quote = The Hindu Kural}}</ref><ref name=gandhi>{{Citation| last = Parel| first = Anthony J.| author-link = Anthony Parel| contribution = Gandhi and Tolstoy|editor=M.P. Mathai |editor2=M.S. John |editor3=Siby K. Joseph| title = Meditations on Gandhi: a Ravindra Varma festschrift| pages = 96–112| publisher = Concept| place = New Delhi | year = 2002| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kcpDOVk5Gp8C&pg=PA96 |access-date=8 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
His European trip in 1860–61 shaped both his political and literary development when he met [[Victor Hugo]]. Tolstoy read Hugo's newly finished ''[[Les Misérables]]''. The similar evocation of battle scenes in Hugo's novel and Tolstoy's ''[[War and Peace]]'' indicates this influence. Tolstoy's political philosophy was also influenced by a March 1861 visit to French anarchist [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]], then living in exile under an assumed name in Brussels. Tolstoy reviewed Proudhon's forthcoming publication, ''La Guerre et la Paix'' ("''War and Peace''" in French), and later used the title for his masterpiece. The two men also discussed education, as Tolstoy wrote in his educational notebooks: "If I recount this conversation with Proudhon, it is to show that, in my personal experience, he was the only man who understood the significance of education and of the printing press in our time."<br />
<br />
Fired by enthusiasm, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana and founded 13 schools for the children of Russia's peasants, who had just been [[Emancipation reform of 1861|emancipated from serfdom in 1861]]. Tolstoy described the schools' principles in his 1862 essay "The School at Yasnaya Polyana".<ref>{{cite book | last = Tolstoy | first = Lev N. |author2=Leo Wiener |author3=translator and editor | title = The School at Yasnaya Polyana – The Complete Works of Count Tolstoy: Pedagogical Articles. Linen-Measurer, Volume IV | publisher = Dana Estes & Company | year = 1904 | page = 227 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4cQnAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA227 }}</ref> His educational experiments were short-lived, partly due to harassment by the [[Russian Empire|Tsarist]] secret police. However, as a direct forerunner to [[A.S. Neill]]'s [[Summerhill School]], the school at Yasnaya Polyana<ref>{{cite book | last = Wilson | first = A.N. | title = Tolstoy | publisher = W.W. Norton | year = 2001 | page = xxi | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=imYmH8myBUsC&pg=PR19 | isbn = 978-0-393-32122-7 }}</ref> can justifiably be claimed the first example of a coherent theory of [[democratic education]].<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
The death of his brother Nikolay in 1860 had an impact on Tolstoy, and led him to a desire to marry.<ref name=AuthorDataSheet /> On 23 September 1862, Tolstoy married [[Sophia Tolstaya|Sophia Andreevna Behrs]], who was sixteen years his junior and the daughter of a court physician. She was called Sonya, the Russian diminutive of Sofia, by her family and friends.<ref name=nyt>Susan Jacoby, "The Wife of the Genius" (19 April 1981) ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> They had 13 children, eight of whom survived childhood:<ref>Feuer, Kathryn B. ''Tolstoy and the Genesis of War and Peace'', Cornell University Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-8014-1902-6}}</ref><br />
[[File:Ge Sophia Tolstaya.jpg|thumb|Tolstoy's wife [[Sophia Tolstaya|Sophia]] and their daughter [[Alexandra Tolstaya|Alexandra]] ]]<br />
* [[Sergei Tolstoy|Count Sergei Lvovich Tolstoy]] (1863–1947), composer and ethnomusicologist<br />
* [[Tatyana Sukhotina-Tolstaya|Countess Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya]] (1864–1950), wife of Mikhail Sergeevich Sukhotin<br />
* [[Ilya Tolstoy|Count Ilya Lvovich Tolstoy]] (1866–1933), writer<br />
* [[Lev Lvovich Tolstoy|Count Lev Lvovich Tolstoy]] (1869–1945), writer and sculptor<br />
* Countess Maria Lvovna Tolstaya (1871–1906), wife of [[Nikolai Leonidovich Obolensky]]<br />
* Count Peter Lvovich Tolstoy (1872–1873), died in infancy<br />
* Count Nikolai Lvovich Tolstoy (1874–1875), died in infancy<br />
* Countess Varvara Lvovna Tolstaya (1875–1875), died in infancy<br />
* Count Andrei Lvovich Tolstoy (1877–1916), served in the [[Russo-Japanese War]]<br />
* Count Michael Lvovich Tolstoy (1879–1944)<br />
* Count Alexei Lvovich Tolstoy (1881–1886)<br />
* [[Alexandra Tolstaya|Countess Alexandra Lvovna Tolstaya]] (1884–1979)<br />
* Count Ivan Lvovich Tolstoy (1888–1895)<br />
<br />
The marriage was marked from the outset by sexual passion and emotional insensitivity when Tolstoy, on the eve of their marriage, gave her his diaries detailing his extensive sexual past and the fact that one of the serfs on his estate had borne him a son.<ref name=nyt /> Even so, their early married life was happy and allowed Tolstoy much freedom and the support system to compose ''War and Peace'' and ''Anna Karenina'' with Sonya acting as his secretary, editor, and financial manager. Sonya was copying and hand-writing his epic works time after time. Tolstoy would continue editing ''War and Peace'' and had to have clean final drafts to be delivered to the publisher.<ref name=nyt /><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/W/bo20274891.html|title=War and Peace and Sonya|website=uchicago.edu}}</ref><br />
<br />
However, their later life together has been described by [[A.N. Wilson]] as one of the unhappiest in literary history. Tolstoy's relationship with his wife deteriorated as his beliefs became increasingly radical. This saw him seeking to reject his inherited and earned wealth, including the renunciation of the copyrights on his earlier works.<br />
<br />
Some of the members of the Tolstoy family left Russia in the aftermath of the [[1905 Russian Revolution]] and the subsequent establishment of the Soviet Union, and many of Leo Tolstoy's relatives and descendants today live in Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. Tolstoy's son, Count [[Lev Lvovich Tolstoy]], settled in Sweden and married a Swedish woman. Leo Tolstoy's last surviving grandchild, Countess [[Tatiana Tolstoy-Paus]], died in 2007 at [[Herresta]] manor in Sweden, which is owned by Tolstoy's descendants.<ref>"Tanja Paus och Sonja Ceder till minne," ''[[Svenska Dagbladet]]'', 11 March 2007</ref> Swedish jazz singer [[Viktoria Tolstoy]] is also descended from Leo Tolstoy.<ref>Nikolai Puzin, ''The Lev Tolstoy House-Museum In Yasnaya Polyana'' (with a list of Leo Tolstoy's descendants), 1998</ref><br />
<br />
One of his great-great-grandsons, Vladimir Tolstoy (born 1962), is a director of the [[Yasnaya Polyana]] museum since 1994 and an adviser to the [[President of Russia]] on cultural affairs since 2012.<ref>[http://ypmuseum.ru/en/2011-04-13-17-30-44/mhistory/65-2011-08-19-09-30-03.html Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223225741/http://ypmuseum.ru/en/2011-04-13-17-30-44/mhistory/65-2011-08-19-09-30-03.html |date=23 February 2019 }} at the official [[Yasnaya Polyana]] website</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/catalog/persons/311/biography|title=Persons ∙ Directory ∙ President of Russia|website=President of Russia}}</ref> [[Ilya Tolstoy]]'s great-grandson, [[Pyotr Olegovich Tolstoy|Pyotr Tolstoy]], is a well-known Russian journalist and TV presenter as well as a [[7th State Duma|State Duma]] deputy since 2016. His cousin Fyokla Tolstaya (born Anna Tolstaya in 1971), daughter of the acclaimed Soviet [[Slavist]] Nikita Tolstoy ([[:ru:Толстой, Никита Ильич|ru]]) (1923–1996), is also a Russian journalist, TV and radio host.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvkultura.ru/brand/show/brand_id/45825/|title=Толстые / Телеканал "Россия – Культура"|website=tvkultura.ru}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Novels and fictional works ==<br />
[[File:Leo Tolstoy 1897, black and white, 37767u.jpg|thumb|Tolstoy in 1897]]<br />
Tolstoy is considered one of the giants of Russian literature; his works include the novels ''[[War and Peace]]'' and ''[[Anna Karenina]]'' and novellas such as ''[[Hadji Murat (novel)|Hadji Murad]]'' and ''[[The Death of Ivan Ilyich]]''.<br />
<br />
Tolstoy's earliest works, the autobiographical novels [[Childhood (Tolstoy novel)|''Childhood'']], [[Boyhood (novel)|''Boyhood'']], and [[Youth (Tolstoy novel)|''Youth'']] (1852–1856), tell of a rich landowner's son and his slow realization of the chasm between himself and his peasants. Though he later rejected them as sentimental, a great deal of Tolstoy's own life is revealed. They retain their relevance as accounts of the universal story of growing up.<br />
<br />
Tolstoy served as a [[second lieutenant]] in an artillery regiment during the [[Crimean War]], recounted in his ''[[Sevastopol Sketches]]''. His experiences in battle helped stir his subsequent [[pacifism]] and gave him material for realistic depiction of the horrors of war in his later work.<ref>''Government is Violence: essays on anarchism and pacifism''. Leo Tolstoy – 1990 – Phoenix Press</ref><br />
<br />
His fiction consistently attempts to convey realistically the Russian society in which he lived.<ref>''Tolstoy: the making of a novelist. E'' Crankshaw – 1974 – Weidenfeld & Nicolson</ref> ''[[The Cossacks (novel)|The Cossacks]]'' (1863) describes the [[Cossack]] life and people through a story of a Russian aristocrat in love with a Cossack girl. ''Anna Karenina'' (1877) tells parallel stories of an adulterous woman trapped by the conventions and falsities of society and of a philosophical landowner (much like Tolstoy), who works alongside the peasants in the fields and seeks to reform their lives. Tolstoy not only drew from his own life experiences but also created characters in his own image, such as Pierre Bezukhov and Prince Andrei in ''War and Peace'', Levin in ''Anna Karenina'' and to some extent, Prince Nekhlyudov in ''Resurrection''.<br />
<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
| header = ''[[The Power of Darkness]]''<br />
| direction = vertical<br />
| width = 200<br />
| footer = 2015 at Vienna's [[Akademietheater]]<br />
| image1 = Die Macht der Finsternis 2354-Peralta.jpg<br />
| alt1 =<br />
| caption1 =<br />
| image2 =Die Macht der Finsternis 2417-Peralta.jpg<br />
| alt2 =<br />
| caption2 =<br />
| image3 =Die Macht der Finsternis 2465-Peralta.jpg<br />
| alt3 =<br />
| caption3 =<br />
}}<br />
''War and Peace'' is generally thought to be one of the greatest novels ever written, remarkable for its dramatic breadth and unity. Its vast canvas includes 580 characters, many historical with others fictional. The story moves from family life to the headquarters of [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]], from the court of [[Alexander I of Russia]] to the battlefields of [[Battle of Austerlitz|Austerlitz]] and [[Battle of Borodino|Borodino]]. Tolstoy's original idea for the novel was to investigate the causes of the [[Decembrist revolt]], to which it refers only in the last chapters, from which can be deduced that [[Andrei Nikolayevich Bolkonsky|Andrei Bolkonsky]]'s son will become one of the Decembrists. The novel explores Tolstoy's theory of history, and in particular the insignificance of individuals such as Napoleon and Alexander. Somewhat surprisingly, Tolstoy did not consider ''War and Peace'' to be a novel (nor did he consider many of the great Russian fictions written at that time to be novels). This view becomes less surprising if one considers that Tolstoy was a novelist of the [[realism (arts)|realist]] school who considered the novel to be a framework for the examination of social and political issues in nineteenth-century life.<ref>Tolstoy and the Development of Realism. G Lukacs. ''Marxists on Literature: An Anthology'', London: Penguin, 1977</ref> ''War and Peace'' (which is to Tolstoy really an [[Epic poetry|epic]] in prose) therefore did not qualify. Tolstoy thought that ''Anna Karenina'' was his first true novel.<ref>''Tolstoy and the Novel''. J Bayley – 1967 – Chatto & Windus</ref><br />
<br />
After ''Anna Karenina'', Tolstoy concentrated on Christian themes, and his later novels such as ''The Death of Ivan Ilyich'' (1886) and ''[[What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy)|What Is to Be Done?]]'' develop a radical [[anarcho-pacifism|anarcho-pacifist]] Christian philosophy which led to his [[excommunication]] from the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] in 1901.<ref>''Church and State''. L Tolstoy&nbsp;– On Life and Essays on Religion, 1934</ref> For all the praise showered on ''Anna Karenina'' and ''War and Peace'', Tolstoy rejected the two works later in his life as something not as true of reality.<ref>''Women in Tolstoy: the ideal and the erotic'' R.C. Benson – 1973 – University of Illinois Press</ref><br />
<br />
In his novel ''[[Resurrection (Tolstoy novel)|Resurrection]]'', Tolstoy attempts to expose the injustice of man-made laws and the hypocrisy of institutionalized church. Tolstoy also explores and explains the economic philosophy of [[Georgism]], of which he had become a very strong advocate towards the end of his life.<br />
<br />
Tolstoy also tried himself in poetry with several soldier songs written during his military service and fairy tales in verse such as ''Volga-bogatyr'' and ''Oaf'' stylized as national folk songs. They were written between 1871 and 1874 for his ''Russian Book for Reading'', a collection of short stories in four volumes (total of 629 stories in various genres) published along with the ''New Azbuka'' textbook and addressed to schoolchildren. Nevertheless, he was skeptical about poetry as a genre. As he famously said, "Writing poetry is like ploughing and dancing at the same time". According to [[Valentin Bulgakov]], he criticised poets, including [[Alexander Pushkin]], for their "false" epithets used "simply to make it rhyme".<ref>''Leo Tolstoy (1874)''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xr0kDAAAQBAJ Russian Book for Reading in 4 Volumes]. Moscow: Aegitas, 381 pages</ref><ref>''[[Valentin Bulgakov]]'' (2017). [https://books.google.com/books?id=v9InDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA28 Diary of Leo Tolstoy's Secretary]. Moscow: Zakharov, 352 pages, p. 29 {{ISBN|978-5-8159-1435-3}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Critical appraisal by other authors ==<br />
Tolstoy's contemporaries paid him lofty tributes. [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], who died thirty years before Tolstoy, admired and was delighted by Tolstoy's novels (and, conversely, Tolstoy also admired Dostoyevsky's work).<ref name="Dosteoevsky">{{cite book | author = [[Lyubov Dostoevskaya|Aimée Dostoyevskaya]] | year = 1921 | title = Fyodor Dostoyevsky: A Study| location = Honolulu, Hawaii| publisher = University Press of the Pacific | page = https://books.google.es/books?id=n7fb7eH6nRUC&pg=PA218&dq=dostoyevsky+admired+tolstoy&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj30sbFpsvpAhWLA2MBHZLrDAYQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=dostoyevsky%20admired%20tolstoy&f=false p. 218 }}</ref> [[Gustave Flaubert]], on reading a translation of ''War and Peace'', exclaimed, "What an artist and what a psychologist!" [[Anton Chekhov]], who often visited Tolstoy at his country estate, wrote, "When literature possesses a Tolstoy, it is easy and pleasant to be a writer; even when you know you have achieved nothing yourself and are still achieving nothing, this is not as terrible as it might otherwise be, because Tolstoy achieves for everyone. What he does serves to justify all the hopes and aspirations invested in literature." The 19th-century British poet and critic [[Matthew Arnold]] opined that "A novel by Tolstoy is not a work of art but a piece of life."<ref name="Britannica" /><br />
<br />
Later novelists continued to appreciate Tolstoy's art, but sometimes also expressed criticism. [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] wrote "I am attracted by his earnestness and by his power of detail, but I am repelled by his looseness of construction and by his unreasonable and impracticable mysticism."<ref name="ACD">{{cite book|last1=Doyle|first1=Arthur Conan|title=My Favourite Novelist and His Best Book|date= January 1898|location=London|url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks13/1306981h.html|access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref> [[Virginia Woolf]] declared him "the greatest of all novelists."<ref name="Britannica" /> [[James Joyce]] noted that "He is never dull, never stupid, never tired, never pedantic, never theatrical!" [[Thomas Mann]] wrote of Tolstoy's seemingly guileless artistry: "Seldom did art work so much like nature." [[Vladimir Nabokov]] heaped superlatives upon ''[[The Death of Ivan Ilyich]]'' and ''Anna Karenina''; he questioned, however, the reputation of ''War and Peace'', and sharply criticized ''[[Resurrection (Tolstoy novel)|Resurrection]]'' and ''[[The Kreutzer Sonata]]''.<br />
<br />
==Religious and political beliefs==<br />
{{anarchism sidebar}}<br />
[[File:Ilya Repin - Leo Tolstoy Barefoot - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright|Tolstoy dressed in peasant clothing, by [[Ilya Repin]] (1901)]]<br />
<br />
After reading [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]]'s ''[[The World as Will and Representation]]'', Tolstoy gradually became converted to the ascetic morality upheld in that work as the proper spiritual path for the upper classes. In 1869 he writes: "Do you know what this summer has meant for me? Constant raptures over Schopenhauer and a whole series of spiritual delights which I've never experienced before. ... no student has ever studied so much on his course, and learned so much, as I have this summer".<ref>Tolstoy's Letter to A.A. Fet, 30 August 1869</ref><br />
<br />
In Chapter VI of ''[[A Confession]]'', Tolstoy quoted the final paragraph of Schopenhauer's work. It explains how a complete [[self-denial|denial of self]] causes only a relative nothingness which is not to be feared. Tolstoy was struck by the description of Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu ascetic renunciation as being the path to holiness. After reading passages such as the following, which abound in Schopenhauer's ethical chapters, the Russian nobleman chose poverty and formal denial of the will: <blockquote> But this very necessity of involuntary suffering (by poor people) for [[eternal salvation]] is also expressed by that utterance of the Savior ([[Matthew 19:24]]): "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." Therefore, those who were greatly in earnest about their eternal salvation, chose [[simple living|voluntary poverty]] when fate had denied this to them and they had been born in wealth. Thus Buddha [[Sakyamuni]] was born a prince, but voluntarily took to the mendicant's staff; and [[Francis of Assisi]], the founder of the [[mendicant orders]] who, as a youngster at a ball, where the daughters of all the notabilities were sitting together, was asked: "Now Francis, will you not soon make your choice from these beauties?" and who replied: "I have made a far more beautiful choice!" "Whom?" "''La povertà'' (poverty)": whereupon he abandoned every thing shortly afterwards and wandered through the land as a mendicant.<ref>Schopenhauer, ''[[Parerga and Paralipomena]]'', Vol. II, §&nbsp;170</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
In 1884, Tolstoy wrote a book called ''What I Believe'', in which he openly confessed his Christian beliefs. He affirmed his belief in Jesus Christ's teachings and was particularly influenced by the [[Sermon on the Mount]], and the injunction to [[turn the other cheek]], which he understood as a "commandment of non-resistance to evil by force" and a doctrine of [[pacifism]] and [[nonviolence]]. In his work ''The Kingdom of God Is Within You'', he explains that he considered mistaken the Church's doctrine because they had made a "perversion" of Christ's teachings. Tolstoy also received letters from American [[Quakers]] who introduced him to the non-violence writings of Quaker Christians such as [[George Fox]], [[William Penn]] and [[Jonathan Dymond]]. Tolstoy believed being a Christian required him to be a pacifist; the apparently inevitable waging of war by governments, is why he is considered a philosophical anarchist.<br />
<br />
Later, various versions of "Tolstoy's Bible" were published, indicating the passages Tolstoy most relied on, specifically, the reported words of Jesus himself.<ref>Orwin, Donna T. ''The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy''. Cambridge University Press, 2002</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Gandhi Tolstoy Farm.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]] and other residents of [[Tolstoy Farm]], South Africa, 1910]]<br />
<br />
Tolstoy believed that a true Christian could find lasting happiness by striving for inner perfection through following the [[Great Commandment]] of loving one's neighbor and God, rather than guidance from the Church or state. Another distinct attribute of his philosophy based on Christ's teachings is [[nonresistance]] during conflict. This idea in Tolstoy's book ''[[The Kingdom of God Is Within You]]'' directly influenced [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and therefore also nonviolent resistance movements to this day.<br />
<br />
Tolstoy believed that the aristocracy was a burden on the poor, and that the only way to live together is [[Christian anarchism|anarchism]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} He opposed [[private property|private]] land ownership<ref>I Cannot Be Silent. Leo Tolstoy. ''Recollections and Essays'', 1937.</ref> and the institution of marriage, and valued chastity and sexual abstinence (discussed in ''[[Father Sergius]]'' and his preface to ''The Kreutzer Sonata''), ideals also held by the young Gandhi. Tolstoy's passion from the depth of his austere moral views is reflected in his later work.<ref>{{cite web |author=editor on |url=http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldn%E2%80%99t-super-size-it/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123060912/http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldn%E2%80%99t-super-size-it/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 November 2017 |title=Sommers, Aaron (2009) ''Why Leo Tolstoy Wouldn't Supersize It'' |publisher=Coastlinejournal.com |date=8 September 2009 |access-date=16 May 2010}}</ref> One example is the sequence of the temptation of Sergius in ''Father Sergius''. [[Maxim Gorky]] relates how Tolstoy once read this passage before him and Chekhov and Tolstoy was moved to tears by the end of the reading. Later passages of rare power include the personal crises faced by the protagonists of ''The Death of Ivan Ilyich'', and of ''[[Master and Man (short story)|Master and Man]]'', where the main character in the former and the reader in the latter are made aware of the foolishness of the protagonists' lives.<br />
<br />
Tolstoy had a profound influence on the development of [[Christian anarchism|Christian anarchist]] thought.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/TheContemporaryRelevanceOfLeoTolstoy |title=The Contemporary Relevance of Leo Tolstoy's Late Political Thought |last=Christoyannopoulos |first=Alexandre |author-link=Alexandre Christoyannopoulos |year=2009|quote=Tolstoy articulated his Christian anarchist political thought between 1880 and 1910, yet its continuing relevance should have become fairly self-evident already.|publisher=International Political Science Association }}</ref> The [[Tolstoyan]]s were a small Christian anarchist group formed by Tolstoy's companion, [[Vladimir Chertkov]] (1854–1936), to spread Tolstoy's religious teachings. Philosopher [[Peter Kropotkin]] wrote of Tolstoy in the article on anarchism in the ''[[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]]'':<blockquote>Without naming himself an anarchist, Leo Tolstoy, like his predecessors in the popular religious movements of the 15th and 16th centuries, [[Petr Chelčický|Chojecki]], [[Hans Denck|Denk]] and many others, took the anarchist position as regards the [[State (polity)|state]] and [[property right]]s, deducing his conclusions from the general spirit of the teachings of Jesus and from the necessary dictates of reason. With all the might of his talent, Tolstoy made (especially in ''The Kingdom of God Is Within You'') a powerful criticism of the church, the state and law altogether, and especially of the present [[property law]]s. He describes the state as the domination of the wicked ones, supported by brutal force. Robbers, he says, are far less dangerous than a well-organized government. He makes a searching criticism of the prejudices which are current now concerning the benefits conferred upon men by the church, the state, and the existing distribution of property, and from the teachings of Jesus he deduces the rule of non-resistance and the absolute condemnation of all wars. His religious arguments are, however, so well combined with arguments borrowed from a dispassionate observation of the present evils, that the anarchist portions of his works appeal to the religious and the non-religious reader alike.<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition |last=Kropotkin |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Kropotkin |year=1911 |publisher= New York : Encyclopaedia Britannica|page=918 |url=https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri01chisrich#page/918/mode/2up |quote=Anarchism}}</ref></blockquote><br />
[[File:Tolstoy organising famine relief in Samara, 1891.jpg|thumb|left|Tolstoy organising [[Russian famine of 1891–92|famine relief]] in Samara, 1891]]<br />
Tolstoy denounced the intervention by the [[Eight-Nation Alliance]] in the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in [[Qing dynasty|China]],<ref name="Orwin2002">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SC9suBt-Vm4C&q=Tolstoy+boxers&pg=PA37|title=The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy|author=Donna Tussing Orwin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-521-52000-3|pages=37–}}</ref><ref name="Tolstoy(graf)1978">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TVgAAAAMAAJ&q=Boxer|title=Tolstoy's Letters: 1880–1910|author1=Leo Tolstoy|author2=Leo Tolstoy (graf)|author3=Reginald Frank Christian|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group, Limited|year=1978|isbn=978-0-485-71172-1|page=580}}</ref> the [[Philippine–American War|Filipino-American War]], and the [[Second Boer War]].<ref>Apollon Davidson, Irina Filatova. ''The Russians and the Anglo Boer War.'' Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, 1998. p. 181</ref><br />
<br />
Tolstoy praised the Boxer Rebellion and harshly criticized the atrocities of the Russian, German, American, Japanese and other troops of the Eight-Nation alliance. He heard about the looting, rapes and murders, and accused the troops of slaughter and "Christian brutality". He named the monarchs most responsible for the atrocities as [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas II]] and [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Kaiser Wilhelm II]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1_iAAAAMAAJ&q=he+praised+the+Chinese+for+their+heroic+patience.+When+he+learned+about+the+%22orgy+of+murder,+raping,+and+looting%22+committed+by+the+Western+powers+in+quelling+the+Boxer+rebellion,+he+raged+against+the+brutality+of+the+Christians|title=The Russian review, Volume 19|author=William Henry Chamberlin, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Ohio State University|editor=Michael Karpovich, Dimitri Sergius Von Mohrenschildt|year=1960|publisher=Blackwell|page=115}}(Original from the University of Michigan)</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFtDxmZVB7gC&q=tolstoy+boxer+rebellion&pg=PA3|title=An age of progress?: clashing twentieth-century global forces|author=Walter G. Moss|year=2008|publisher=Anthem Press|page=3|isbn=978-1-84331-301-4}}</ref> He described the intervention as "terrible for its injustice and cruelty".<ref name="CohenStachel1974">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvK9orJNezwC&q=Tolstoy+boxers&pg=PA606|title=For Dirk Struik: Scientific, Historical and Political Essays in Honour of Dirk J. Struik|author1=Robert S. Cohen|author2=J.J. Stachel|author3=Marx W. Wartofsky|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=1974|isbn=978-90-277-0393-4|pages=606–}}</ref> The war was also criticized by other intellectuals such as [[Leonid Andreyev]] and Gorky. As part of the criticism, Tolstoy wrote an epistle called ''To the Chinese people''.<ref name="Gamsa2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffkU0KocpEYC&q=Tolstoy+boxers&pg=PA14|title=The Chinese Translation of Russian Literature: Three Studies|author=Mark Gamsa|publisher=Brill|year=2008|isbn=978-90-04-16844-2|pages=14–}}</ref> In 1902, he wrote an open letter describing and denouncing Nicholas II's activities in China.<ref name="FlathSmith2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K71PjjQAy6EC&q=Tolstoy+boxers&pg=PA125|title=Beyond Suffering: Recounting War in Modern China|author1=James Flath|author2=Norman Smith|publisher=UBC Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-7748-1957-2|pages=125–}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Boxer Rebellion stirred Tolstoy's interest in Chinese philosophy.<ref name="Bodde1967">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=STFaAAAAYAAJ&q=Boxer|title=Tolstoy and China|author=Derk Bodde|publisher=Johnson Reprint Corporation|year=1967|pages=25, 44, 107}}</ref> He was a famous [[sinophile]], and read the works of [[Confucius]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3YPAaFfUp9oC&q=lev+tolstoy+sinophile&pg=PA314|title=The Bear Watches the Dragon|last1=Lukin|first1=Alexander|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7656-1026-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nU2lErM3VgwC&q=tolstoy+boxer+rebellion&pg=PA37|title=The Cambridge companion to Tolstoy|author=Donna Tussing Orwin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-521-52000-3|page=37}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UipgAAAAMAAJ&q=tolstoy+boxer+rebellion+confucianism|title=Tolstoy and China|author=Derk Bodde|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1950|page=25}}(Original from the University of Michigan)</ref> and Lao Zi. Tolstoy wrote ''Chinese Wisdom'' and other texts about China. Tolstoy corresponded with the Chinese intellectual [[Gu Hongming]] and recommended that China remain an agrarian nation, and not reform like Japan. Tolstoy and Gu opposed the [[Hundred Day's Reform]] by [[Kang Youwei]] and believed that the reform movement was perilous.<ref name="Lee2005">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1jlOQc8BumIC&q=Tolstoy+boxers&pg=PA10|title=Pioneers of Modern China: Understanding the Inscrutable Chinese|author=Khoon Choy Lee|publisher=World Scientific|year=2005|isbn=978-981-256-618-8|pages=10–}}</ref> Tolstoy's ideology of non-violence shaped the thought of the Chinese anarchist group Society for the Study of Socialism.<ref name="Campbell2009">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gWHrWq2Kd-UC&q=Tolstoy+boxers&pg=PA194|title=The Britannica Guide to Political and Social Movements That Changed the Modern World|author=Heather M. Campbell|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|year=2009|isbn=978-1-61530-016-7|pages=194–}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Leo Tolstoy-1908.webm|thumb|right|Film by [[Alexander Drankov|Aleksandr Osipovich Drankov]] of Tolstoy's 80th birthday (1908) at Yasnaya Polyana, showing his wife Sofya (picking flowers in the garden) daughter Aleksandra (sitting in the carriage in the white blouse); his aide and confidante V. Chertkov (bald man with the beard and mustache); and students.]]<br />
<br />
In hundreds of essays over the last 20 years of his life, Tolstoy reiterated the anarchist critique of the state and recommended books by [[Kropotkin]] and [[Proudhon]] to his readers, while rejecting anarchism's espousal of [[propaganda of the deed|violent revolutionary means]]. In the 1900 essay, "On Anarchy", he wrote: "The Anarchists are right in everything; in the negation of the existing order, and in the assertion that, without Authority, there could not be worse violence than that of Authority under existing conditions. They are mistaken only in thinking that Anarchy can be instituted by a revolution. But it will be instituted only by there being more and more people who do not require the protection of governmental power ... There can be only one permanent revolution—a moral one: the regeneration of the inner man." Despite his misgivings about [[anarchist violence]], Tolstoy took risks to circulate the prohibited publications of [[anarchism in Russia|anarchist thinkers in Russia]], and corrected the proofs of Kropotkin's "Words of a Rebel", illegally published in St Petersburg in 1906.<ref>''[[Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel]]''. G Woodcock, I Avakumović.1990.</ref><br />
[[File:Leo Tolstoi v kabinetie.05.1908.ws.jpg|thumb|right|Tolstoy in his study in 1908 (age 80)]]<br />
In 1908, Tolstoy wrote ''[[A Letter to a Hindu]]''<ref>{{Citation|last=Parel|first=Anthony J.|author-link=Anthony Parel|contribution=Gandhi and Tolstoy|editor=M. P. Mathai |editor2=M.S. John |editor3=Siby K. Joseph|title=Meditations on Gandhi : a Ravindra Varma festschrift|pages=96–112|publisher=Concept|place=New Delhi|year=2002|contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kcpDOVk5Gp8C&pg=PA96}}</ref> outlining his belief in non-violence as a means for India to gain [[Indian independence movement|independence]] from [[British Raj|colonial rule]]. In 1909, Gandhi read a copy of the letter when he was becoming an activist in South Africa. He wrote to Tolstoy seeking proof that he was the author, which led to further correspondence.<ref name="PearlsOfInsp_Rajaram" /> Tolstoy's ''The Kingdom of God Is Within You'' also helped to convince Gandhi of [[nonviolent resistance]], a debt Gandhi acknowledged in his autobiography, calling Tolstoy "the greatest apostle of non-violence that the present age has produced". Their correspondence lasted only a year, from October 1909 until Tolstoy's death in November 1910, but led Gandhi to give the name Tolstoy Colony to his second [[ashram]] in South Africa.<ref>''Tolstoy and Gandhi, men of peace: a biography''. MB Green – 1983 – Basic Books</ref> Both men also believed in the merits of [[vegetarianism]], the subject of several of Tolstoy's essays.<ref>{{cite web|last= Tolstoy |first= Leo |title= The First Step |year= 1892 |access-date= 21 May 2016 |url= http://www.ivu.org/history/tolstoy/the_%20first_step.html |quote= ... if [a man] be really and seriously seeking to live a good life, the first thing from which he will abstain will always be the use of animal food, because ... its use is simply immoral, as it involves the performance of an act which is contrary to the moral feeling – killing}}. Preface to the Russian translation of [[Howard Williams (humanitarian)|Howard William's]] [http://www.ivu.org/history/williams/index.html ''The Ethics of Diet'']</ref><br />
<br />
Tolstoy also became a major supporter of the [[Esperanto]] movement. He was impressed by the pacifist beliefs of the [[Doukhobors]] and brought their persecution to the attention of the international community, after they burned their weapons in peaceful protest in 1895. He aided the Doukhobors to migrate to Canada.<ref>Mays, H.G. "Resurrection:Tolstoy and Canada's Doukhobors." ''The Beaver'' 79. October/November 1999:38–44</ref> He also provided inspiration to the [[Mennonites]], another religious group with anti-government and anti-war sentiments.<ref>{{cite web<br />
| title=Some of the Resources of Canada<br />
| url=http://www.revoltlib.com/?id=414<br />
| author=Peter Kropotkin<br />
| publisher=The Nineteenth Century<br />
| website=revoltlib.com<br />
| date=March 1898<br />
| pages=494–514<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news<br />
| title=Leo Tolstoy and the Mennonites<br />
| url=https://jms.uwinnipeg.ca/index.php/jms/article/view/532<br />
| author=Levi Miller<br />
| publisher=Journal of Mennonite Studies<br />
| website=jms.uwinnipeg.ca<br />
| date=1 January 1998<br />
}}</ref> In 1904, Tolstoy condemned the ensuing [[Russo-Japanese War]] and wrote to the Japanese Buddhist priest [[Soyen Shaku]] in a failed attempt to make a joint pacifist statement.<br />
<br />
Towards the end of his life, Tolstoy become occupied with the economic theory and social philosophy of [[Georgism]].<ref>Tolstoy: Principles For A New World Order, David Redfearn</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wealthandwant.com/auth/Tolstoy.htm|title=Tolstoy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prosper.org.au/about/geoists-in-history/leo-tolstoy/|title=Leo Tolstoy|work=Prosper Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/tolstoy-leo_on-the-doctrine-of-henry-george-1898.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201134207/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/tolstoy-leo_on-the-doctrine-of-henry-george-1898.html |archive-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He incorporated it approvingly into works such as ''[[Resurrection (Tolstoy novel)|Resurrection]]'' (1899), the book that was a major cause for his excommunication.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wenzer|first=Kenneth C.|year=1997|title=Tolstoy's Georgist Spiritual Political Economy (1897–1910): Anarchism and Land Reform|journal=[[The American Journal of Economics and Sociology]]|volume=56|issue=4, Oct|pages=639–667|doi=10.1111/j.1536-7150.1997.tb02664.x|jstor=3487337}}</ref> He spoke with great admiration of [[Henry George]], stating once that "People do not argue with the teaching of George; they simply do not know it. And it is impossible to do otherwise with his teaching, for he who becomes acquainted with it cannot but agree."<ref>“A Great Iniquity,” letter to the London ''[[The Times|Times]]'' (1905)</ref> He also wrote a preface to George's journal ''[[Social Problems]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/tolstoy-leo_preface-to-henry-george-social-problems-1883.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115174640/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/tolstoy-leo_preface-to-henry-george-social-problems-1883.html |archive-date=15 January 2013 }}</ref> Tolstoy and George both rejected private property in land (the most important source of income for Russian aristocracy that Tolstoy heavily criticized). They also rejected a centrally planned [[socialist]] economy. Because Georgism requires an administration to collect [[economic rent|land rent]] and spend it on infrastructure, some assume that this embrace moved Tolstoy away from his [[anarchist]] views. However, anarchist versions of Georgism have been proposed since then.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anti-state.com/geo/foldvary1.html|title=Geoanarchism|author-link=Fred E. Foldvary|first=Fred E.|last=Foldvary|access-date=15 April 2009|date=15 July 2001|publisher=anti-state.com}}</ref> Tolstoy's 1899 novel ''Resurrection'' explores his thoughts on Georgism and hints that Tolstoy had such a view. It suggests small communities with local governance to manage the collective land rents for common goods, while still heavily criticising [[Sovereign state|state]] institutions such as the [[justice system]].<br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
[[File:Tula YasnayaPolyana asv2019-09 img12 LNTolstoy grave.jpg|thumb|right|Tolstoy's grave with flowers at [[Yasnaya Polyana]]]]<br />
<br />
Tolstoy died in 1910, aged 82. Just before his death, his health was a concern of his family, who cared for him daily. In his last days, he spoke and wrote about dying. Renouncing his aristocratic lifestyle, he left home one winter night.<ref>''The last days of Tolstoy''. VG Chertkov. 1922. Heinemann</ref> His secretive departure was an apparent attempt to escape from his wife's tirades. She spoke out against many of his teachings, and in recent years had grown envious of his attention to [[Tolstoyan movement|Tolstoyan]] "disciples".<br />
<br />
Tolstoy died of [[pneumonia]]<ref>''Leo Tolstoy''. EJ Simmons – 1946 – Little, Brown and Company</ref> at [[Lev Tolstoy (rural locality)|Astapovo]] railway station, after a day's train journey south.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v32/n14/james-meek/some-wild-creature|title=James Meek reviews 'The Death of Tolstoy' by William Nickell, 'The Diaries of Sofia Tolstoy' translated by Cathy Porter, 'A Confession' by Leo Tolstoy, translated by Anthony Briggs and 'Anniversary Essays on Tolstoy' by Donna Tussing Orwin · LRB 22 July 2010|pages=3–8|newspaper=London Review of Books|date=22 July 2010|last1=Meek|first1=James}}</ref> The station master took Tolstoy to his apartment, and his personal doctors arrived and gave him injections of [[morphine]] and [[camphor]].<br />
<br />
The police tried to limit access to his funeral procession, but thousands of peasants lined the streets. Still, some were heard to say that, other than knowing that "some nobleman had died", they knew little else about Tolstoy.<ref>Tolstaya, S.A. ''The Diaries of Sophia Tolstoy'', Book Sales, 1987; Chertkov, V. "The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy," http://www.linguadex.com/tolstoy/index.html, translated by Benjamin Scher</ref><br />
<br />
According to some sources, Tolstoy spent the last hours of his life preaching love, non-violence, and [[Georgism]] to fellow passengers on the train.<ref>Kenneth C. Wenzer, "Tolstoy's Georgist spiritual political economy: anarchism and land reform – 1897–1910", Special Issue: Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Death of Henry George, ''The American Journal of Economics and Sociology'', Oct 1997; http://www.ditext.com/wenzer/tolstoy.html</ref><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
<br />
{{cleanup merge|1=Leo Tolstoy's influence|21=section}}<br />
<br />
Although Leo Tolstoy was regarded as a [[Christian anarchism|Christian anarchist]] and not a socialist, his ideas and works still influenced socialist thinkers throughout history. He held an unromantic view of governments as being essentially violent forces held together by intimidation from state authority, corruption on behalf of officials, and the indoctrination of people from a young age.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Higgs|first=Robert|date=2015|title=Tolstoy's Manifesto on the State, Christian Anarchy, and Pacifism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24564569|journal=The Independent Review|volume=19|issue=3|pages=471–479|jstor=24564569|issn=1086-1653}}</ref> In regards to his view of economics, he advocated for a return to [[subsistence agriculture]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=McLean|first=Hugh|title=A Clash of Utopias:: Tolstoy and Gorky|chapter=A Clash of Utopias|date=2008|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1zxsjx2.15|work=In Quest of Tolstoy|pages=181–194|publisher=Academic Studies Press|jstor=j.ctt1zxsjx2.15|isbn=978-1-934843-02-4|access-date=2020-11-24}}</ref> In his view, a simplified economy would afford a lesser need for the exchange of goods, and as such, factories and cities – the centers of industry – would become obsolete.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
In 1944, literary historian and Soviet medievalist Nikolai Gudzii wrote a biography of Tolstoy that spanned 80 pages. It was designed to show readers that Tolstoy would've revised his pacifistic and anti-patriotic sentiments if he were alive amid World War II.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Emerson|first=Caryl|title=Remarkable Tolstoy, from the Age of Empire to the Putin Era (1894–2006)|date=2016|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26633177|journal=The Slavic and East European Journal|volume=60|issue=2|pages=252–271|doi=10.30851/60.2.007|jstor=26633177|issn=0037-6752}}</ref> At around the same time, literary scholar and historian [[Boris Eikhenbaum]] – in a stark contrast from his earlier works on Tolstoy – portrayed the Russian novelist as someone whose ideas aligned with those of early utopian socialists such as [[Robert Owen]] and [[Henri de Saint-Simon|Henri Saint-Simon]]. Eikenbaum suggested that these influences can be seen in Tolstoy's emphases on individual happiness and peasant welfare.<ref name=":4" /> The discrepancies in Eikenbaum's portrayals of Tolstoy can be attributed to the political pressure in Soviet Russia at the time: public officials pressured literary scholars to conform with party doctrine.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Any|first=Carol|date=1990|title=Boris Eikhenbaum's Unfinished Work on Tolstoy: A Dialogue with Soviet History|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/462559|journal=PMLA|volume=105|issue=2|pages=233–244|doi=10.2307/462559|jstor=462559|issn=0030-8129}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== In Soviet Russia ===<br />
From Tolstoy's writings the [[Tolstoyan movement]] was birthed, and its members used his works to promote non-violence, anti-urbanism and opposition to the state.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Croskey|first=Robert M.|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015080856431|title=The legacy of Tolstoy :Alexandra Tolstoy and the Soviet regime in the 1920s /|date=c. 2008|publisher=Seattle|hdl=2027/mdp.39015080856431}}</ref> While Tolstoy himself never associated with the movement, as he was opposed to joining any organization or group, he named his thirteenth daughter [[Alexandra Tolstaya|Alexandra (Sasha) L'vovna Tolstaya]] the heir to his works with the intention that she would publish them for the Russian people.<ref name=":1" /> Meanwhile, Tolstoy designated [[Vladimir Chertkov]] – who kept many of Tolstoy's manuscripts – as the editor of his works. Originally Tolstoy wanted to make the Russian people the heirs to his writings, but Russian law at the time decreed that property could only be inherited by one individual.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Following the [[Russian Civil War]] in 1917, writings that were formerly censored could now be published, since the all literary works were nationalized in November 1918.<ref name=":1" /> Alexandra worked during these years to publish sets of Tolstoy's works: from 1917 to 1919, she worked with Zadruga Publishing House to publish thirteen booklets on Tolstoy's writings, which had previously been censored under Russia's imperial rule. However, publishing a complete collection of Tolstoy's works proved to be more difficult. In December 1918, the Commissariat of Education granted Chertkov a 10 million rouble subsidy to publish a complete edition of his works, but it never materialized due to government control of publication rights.<ref name=":1" /> Cooperatives were additionally made illegal in Russia in 1921, creating another obstacle for Alexandra and Chertkov.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
In the 1920s, Tolstoy's estate, [[Yasnaya Polyana]], was sanctioned by the Soviet regime to exist as a commune for Tolstoyans. The regime permitted this Christian-oriented community because they felt as if religious sects like the Tolstoyans were models for the Russian peasantry.<ref name=":1" /> The Soviet government owned the estate, which was deemed a memorial for the late Russian writer, but Alexandra had jurisdiction over the education offered at Yasnaya Polyana. Unlike most Soviet schools, the schooling at Yasnaya Polyana did not offer militaristic training and did spread atheistic propaganda. Over time, though, local communists – as opposed to the state government, which financially supported the institution – often denounced the estate and called for frequent inspections. After 1928, a change in cultural policy in the Soviet regime led to a takeover of local institutions, including Tolstoy's estate. When Alexandra stepped down from her role as head of Yasnaya Poliana in 1929, the Commissariat of Education and Health took control.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
In 1925, the Soviet government created its first Jubilee Committee to celebrate the centennial of Tolstoy's birth, which originally consisted of 13 members but grew to 38 members after a second committee formed in 1927.<ref name=":1" /> Alexandra was not content with the funds provided by the government, and met with Stalin in June 1928. During the meeting, Stalin said the government could not provide the one million roubles requested by the committee.<ref name=":1" /> However, an agreement was reached with the State Publishing House in April 1928 for the publishing of a 92-volume collection of Tolstoy's works.<ref name=":1" /> During the Jubilee Celebration, [[Anatoly Lunacharsky|Anatoly Luncharsky]] – the head of the [[People's Commissariat for Education]] – gave a speech in which he refuted reports that claimed the Soviet government was hostile towards Tolstoy and his legacy. Instead of focusing on the aspects of Tolstoy's works that pitted him against the Soviet regime, he instead focused on the unifying aspects, such as Tolstoy's love for equality and labor as well as his disdain for the state and private property.<ref name=":1" /> More than 400 million copies of Tolstoy's works have been printed in the Soviet Union, making him the best-selling author in Soviet Russia.<ref name=NYTIMES1987>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE0DB1E30F936A25751C0A961948260 New York Times] February 15, 1987</ref><br />
<br />
=== Influence ===<br />
<br />
[[Vladimir Lenin]] wrote several essays about Tolstoy, suggesting that a contradiction exists within his critique of Russian society. According to Lenin, Tolstoy – who adorned the peasantry and voiced their discontent with imperial Russian society – may have been revolutionary in his critiques, but his political conscious was not fully developed for a revolution.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=BOER|first=ROLAND|date=2014|title=Lenin on Tolstoy: Between Imaginary Resolution and Revolutionary Christian Communism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24583606|journal=Science & Society|volume=78|issue=1|pages=41–60|doi=10.1521/siso.2014.78.1.41|jstor=24583606|issn=0036-8237}}</ref> Lenin uses this line of thinking to suggest that the [[1905 Russian Revolution]], which he called a "peasant bourgeois revolution," failed because of its backwardness: the revolutionaries wanted to dismantle the existing medieval forms of oppression and replace them with an old and patriarchal village-commune.<ref name=":2" /> Tolstoy's concept of non-resistance to evil additionally hindered the 1905 revolution's success, Lenin thought, because the movement was not militant and had thus allowed the autocracy to crush them.<ref name=":2" /> Nevertheless, Stalin concludes in his writings that despite the many contradictions in Tolstoy's critiques, his hatred for feudalism and capitalism mark the prelude to proletarian socialism.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
Additionally, Tolstoy's philosophy of non-resistance to evil made an impact on [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi's]] political thinking. Gandhi was deeply moved by Tolstoy's concept of truth, which, in his view, constitutes any doctrine that reduces suffering.<ref name=":3" /> For both Gandhi and Tolstoy, truth is God, and since God is universal love, truth must therefore also be universal love. The Gujarati word for Gandhi's non-violent movement is "satyagraha," derived from the word "sadagraha" – the "sat" portion translating to "truth," and the "agraha" translating to "firmness."<ref name=":3" /> Gandhi's conception of satyagraha was birthed from Tolstoy's understanding of Christianity, rather than from Hindu tradition.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Gray|first1=Stuart|last2=Hughes|first2=Thomas M.|title=Gandhi's Devotional Political Thought|date=2015|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43830813|journal=Philosophy East and West|volume=65|issue=2|pages=375–400|doi=10.1353/pew.2015.0051|jstor=43830813|s2cid=142595907|issn=0031-8221}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== In films ===<br />
<br />
A 2009 film about Tolstoy's final year, ''[[The Last Station]]'', based on the 1990 novel by [[Jay Parini]], was made by director [[Michael Hoffman (American director)|Michael Hoffman]] with [[Christopher Plummer]] as Tolstoy and [[Helen Mirren]] as Sofya Tolstoya. Both performers were nominated for [[Academy Award|Oscars]] for their roles. There have been other films about the writer, including ''[[Departure of a Grand Old Man]]'', made in 1912 just two years after his death, ''How Fine, How Fresh the Roses Were'' (1913), and ''Leo Tolstoy'', directed by and starring [[Sergei Gerasimov (film director)|Sergei Gerasimov]] in 1984.<br />
<br />
There is also a famous [[lost film]] of Tolstoy made a decade before he died. In 1901, the American travel lecturer [[Burton Holmes]] visited Yasnaya Polyana with [[Albert J. Beveridge]], the U.S. senator and historian. As the three men conversed, Holmes filmed Tolstoy with his 60-mm movie camera. Afterwards, Beveridge's advisers succeeded in having the film destroyed, fearing that the meeting with the Russian author might hurt Beveridge's chances of running for the U.S. presidency.<ref>Wallace, Irving, 'Everybody's Rover Boy', in ''The Sunday Gentleman''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965. p. 117.</ref><br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
{{Main|Leo Tolstoy bibliography}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Portal|Russia|Biography|Politics}}<br />
* [[Anarchism and religion]]<br />
* [[Christian vegetarianism]]<br />
* [[Leo Tolstoy bibliography]]<br />
* [[Leo Tolstoy and Theosophy]]<br />
* [[List of peace activists]]<br />
* [[Tolstoyan movement]]<br />
* [[Henry David Thoreau]]<br />
* [[War & Peace (2016 TV series)|''War & Peace'' (2016 TV series)]]<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
{{reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* Craraft, James. ''Two Shining Souls: Jane Addams, Leo Tolstoy, and the Quest for Global Peace'' (Lanham: Lexington, 2012). 179 pp.<br />
* {{cite journal|last1=Lednicki|first1=Waclaw|title=Tolstoy through American eyes|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.185585/2015.185585.The-Slavonic-Reviewvol64#page/n455/mode/2up|journal=The Slavonic and East European Review|date=April 1947|volume=25|issue=65}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Leon |first1=Derrick |title=Tolstoy His Life and Work |date=1944 |publisher=Routledge |location=London}}<br />
* [http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2010/12/tols-d02.html ''Trotsky's 1908 tribute to Leo Tolstoy''] Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI).<br />
* [https://archive.org/details/lifetolstoy00maudgoog ''The Life of Tolstoy: Later years''] by [[Aylmer and Louise Maude|Aylmer Maude]], Dodd, Mead and Company, 1911 at Internet Archive<br />
* ''[[q:Robert Hunter (author)#Why We Fail as Christians (1919)|Why We Fail as Christians]]'' by [[Robert Hunter (author)|Robert Hunter]], The Macmillan Company, 1919 at Wikiquote<br />
* [https://archive.org/details/whywefailaschri00huntgoog ''Why we fail as Christians''] by Robert Hunter, The Macmillan Company, 1919 at Google Books<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--Note: all links should comply with Wikipedia's external links guideline at [[Wikipedia:External links]]. To keep this section from ballooning, please only include links of general interest --><br />
{{Sister project links<br />
|wikt=no<br />
|b=no<br />
|q=Leo Tolstoy<br />
|s=Author:Leo Tolstoy<br />
|commons=Category:Leo Tolstoy<br />
|n=no<br />
|v=no<br />
|species=no<br />
|d=Q7243}}<br />
*{{Curlie|Arts/Literature/World_Literature/Russian/Authors/Tolstoy%2C_Leo/}}<br />
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/leo-tolstoy}}<br />
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Tolstoy,+Leo,+graf | name=Leo Tolstoy}}<br />
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Leo Tolstoy}}<br />
* {{Librivox author |id=217}}<br />
* {{IBList|type=author|id=160|name=Leo Tolstoy}}<br />
* [http://www.readingtolstoy.ru/ Online project (readingtolstoy.ru) to create] [http://tolstoy.ru/creativity/90-volume-collection-of-the-works/?page=1 open digital version of 90 volumes of Tolstoy works]<br />
* {{IMDb name|866243|Leo Tolstoy}}<br />
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00548d7 "Tolstoy"], BBC Radio 4 discussion with A.N. Wilson, Sarah Hudspith and Catriona Kelly (''In Our Time'', 25 April 2002)<br />
* {{PM20|FID=pe/035924}}<br />
<br />
{{Leo Tolstoy|state=expanded}}<br />
{{War and Peace}}<br />
{{Anna Karenina}}<br />
{{The Kreutzer Sonata}}<br />
{{Resurrection}}<br />
{{The Living Corpse}}<br />
{{Simple living}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolstoy, Leo}}<br />
[[Category:Leo Tolstoy| ]]<br />
[[Category:1828 births]]<br />
[[Category:1910 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Christians]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century essayists]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Russian dramatists and playwrights]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Russian educators]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Russian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Russian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Russian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Russian short story writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Christians]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century essayists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Russian dramatists and playwrights]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Russian educators]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Russian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Russian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Russian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Russian short story writers]]<br />
[[Category:Amateur chess players]]<br />
[[Category:Anarchist writers]]<br />
[[Category:Anarcho-pacifists]]<br />
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]<br />
[[Category:Burials in Russia]]<br />
[[Category:Christian anarchists]]<br />
[[Category:Christian vegetarianism]]<br />
[[Category:Christian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Christianity and society|Vegetarianism]]<br />
[[Category:Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural critics]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]]<br />
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox writers]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemologists]]<br />
[[Category:Georgists]]<br />
[[Category:Green anarchists]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Counts of the Russian Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Essayists of the Russian Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]<br />
[[Category:Metaphysicians]]<br />
[[Category:Moral philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:Non-interventionism]]<br />
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]<br />
[[Category:Russian opinion journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Ontologists]]<br />
[[Category:People excommunicated by the Russian Orthodox Church]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shchyokinsky District]]<br />
[[Category:People from Tula Governorate]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophers of culture]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophers of education]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophers of ethics and morality]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophers of history]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophers of literature]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophers of mind]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophers of religion]]<br />
[[Category:Political philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 4th class]]<br />
[[Category:Russian anarchists]]<br />
[[Category:Russian children's writers]]<br />
[[Category:Russian Christian pacifists]]<br />
[[Category:Russian diarists]]<br />
[[Category:Russian educators]]<br />
[[Category:Russian Esperantists]]<br />
[[Category:Russian historical novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Russian magazine editors]]<br />
[[Category:Russian male dramatists and playwrights]]<br />
[[Category:Russian male essayists]]<br />
[[Category:Russian male journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Russian male novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Russian male short story writers]]<br />
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Caucasian War]]<br />
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Crimean War]]<br />
[[Category:Russian philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:Russian schoolteachers]]<br />
[[Category:Simple living advocates]]<br />
[[Category:Russian social commentators]]<br />
[[Category:Social critics]]<br />
[[Category:Social philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:Tolstoy family|Leo]]<br />
[[Category:Tolstoyans]]<br />
[[Category:Vegetarianism activists]]<br />
[[Category:Writers about activism and social change]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:Requested_articles/requests&diff=139409Bharatpedia:Requested articles/requests2021-08-29T17:31:56Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div><!-- Please add your request below this line --><br />
*[[Himanshu Jaykar (artist)]] (Music Producer) ([https://sites.google.com/site/himanshujaykars/ Himanshu Jaykar - Bio], [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bollywood_actors| List of Bollywood actors], [https://g.co/kgs/e2CzpW| a song "checkmate" produced by Himanshu Jaykar])<br />
*[[Pranay Ranjan]]<br />
* [[Himanshu Mahawar]] (Entrepreneur) (Newsx <br />
https://www.newsx.com/business/himanshu-mahawar-leads-with-dope-entrepreneurs.html<br />
<br />
Ibtimes India<br />
https://www.ibtimes.co.in/meet-himanshu-mahawar-digital-marketer-web-developer-833752/<br />
<br />
Mynation<br />
https://www.mynation.com/india-news/himanshu-mahawar-has-come-a-long-way-with-his-digital-entrepreneurship-skills-qtk2w5/<br />
<br />
MidDay<br />
https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/hard-work-pays-himanshumahawar-the-man-behind-the-successful-news-company-dope-entrepreneurs-23173841/<br />
<br />
Apnnews<br />
https://www.apnnews.com/himanshu-mahawar-is-creating-waves-in-the-industry/<br />
<br />
News Track Live<br />
https://english.newstracklive.com/news/a-digital-entrepreneur-with-the-perfect-plan-himanshu-mahawar-sc17-nu293-ta293-1160941-1.html/<br />
<br />
Casey Weekly<br />
https://caseyweekly.com.au/himanshu-mahawar-successful-life-as-a-digital-marketer/<br />
<br />
Fab World Today<br />
https://www.fabworldtoday.com/himanshu-mahawar-how-a-young-talent-leads-a-successful-life-as-a-digital-marketer/<br />
<br />
Timesbulltin<br />
https://www.timebulletin.com/himanshu-mahawar-digital-marketer-with-the-perfect-services/<br />
<br />
Verna Magazine<br />
https://www.vernamagazine.com/2021/05/25/himanshu-mahawar-the-rising-social-media-marketing-and-pr-expert/<br />
<br />
Ustimesnow<br />
https://www.ustimesnow.com/himanshu-mahawar-the-man-behind-the-media-site-dope-entrepreneurs/amp/<br />
<br />
Data Source Hub<br />
https://www.datasourcehub.com/if-the-question-is-digital-marketing-himanshu-mahawar-is-the-answer/<br />
<br />
Globestats<br />
https://www.globestats.com/himanshu-mahawar-digital-marketer-with-the-perfect-services/ )<br />
*[[Ariyan Mehedi]]<br />
*[[Aditya Belnekar]]<br />
*[[Pratik Thete]]<br />
*[[Rahul Khan]] (Indian Film Director) https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2021/mar/06/rahul-khans-debut-film-beti-hindustan-ki-is-a-hard-hitting-tale-of-a-eunuch-32171.html<br />
*[[Bablu Baghel]] (Internet Entrepreneur)https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-farmer-son-started-his-own-company-in-crona-times-nodelsp-3581402.html<br />
<br />
==Import==<br />
''Please list articles to be imported from Wikipedia''<br />
===Simple Wikipedia===<br />
* [[Kronus]]<br />
* [[Tutankhamen]]<br />
* [[The Coils of Pakhangba: A Cultural History of Meeteis]]<br />
<br />
==New request==<br />
Please import the following from simple English Wikipedia:<br />
*[[Akashsolankiofficial (footballer)]]<br />
* [[Abujam]] <br />
* [[Ahanthem]] <br />
* [[Aheibam]]<br />
* [[Akham]] <br />
* [[Akoijam]] <br />
* [[Amakcham]]<br />
* [[Himanshu Jaykar (artist)]]<br />
* [[Harjot Singh Dhaliwal (Actor)]]<br />
*[[Loitongbam]]<br />
*[[Loktongbam]]<br />
*[[Longjam]]<br />
*[[Lourembam]]<br />
*[[Lousigam]]<br />
*[[Lukram]]<br />
* [[Maharabam]]<br />
* [[Maibam]]<br />
*[[Maibram]]<br />
*[[Maikam]]<br />
*[[Maimom]]<br />
* [[Mainam]]<br />
* [[Mairembam]]<br />
*[[Maitham]]<br />
* [[Mandingbam]]<br />
*[[Mayangbam]]<br />
*[[Mayanglambam]]<br />
*[[Mayengbam]]<br />
*[[Meinam]]<br />
*[[Meitram]]<br />
*[[Moirangmayum]]<br />
*[[Moirangthem]]<br />
*[[Mudum]]<br />
*[[Murtum]]<br />
*[[Mutum]]<br />
* [[Nahakpam]]<br />
* [[Nameirakpam]]<br />
* [[Nandeibam]]<br />
* [[Naorem]]<br />
* [[Naoroibam]]<br />
* [[Nepram]]<br />
* [[Ngairangbam]]<br />
* [[Ngangbam]]<br />
*[[Ngangom]]<br />
*[[Ngasekpam]]<br />
*[[Ngasepam]]<br />
*[[Ningthoujam]]<br />
*[[Ningthoukhongjam]]<br />
*[[Nongmaithem]]<br />
*[[Nongmeikapam]]<br />
*[[Nongthombam]]<br />
*[[Okram]]<br />
*[[Pangambam]]<br />
*[[Pangshatabam]]<br />
*[[Paonam]]<br />
*[[Pebam]]<br />
*[[Phamdom]]<br />
*[[Phanjoubam]]<br />
*[[Pharembam]]<br />
*[[Pheiroijam]]<br />
*[[Phijam]]<br />
*[[Phirem]]<br />
*[[Phurem]]<br />
*[[Phuritsabam]]<br />
*[[Pichimayum]]<br />
*[[Potshangbam]]<br />
*[[Pukhrambam]]<br />
S<br />
*[[Sadokpam]]<br />
*[[Sagolsem]]<br />
*[[Salam (surname)]]<br />
*[[Samjetsabam]]<br />
*[[Samom]]<br />
*[[Sanasam]]<br />
*[[Sandam]]<br />
*[[Sandham]]<br />
*[[Sapam]]<br />
*[[Sarangthem]]<br />
*[[Sarungbam]]<br />
*[[Senjam]]<br />
*[[Seram]]<br />
*[[Shaikhom]]<br />
*[[Shairem]]<br />
*[[Sinam]]<br />
*[[Soibam]]<br />
*[[Soraisam]]<br />
*[[Soram]]<br />
*[[Sorokhaibam]]<br />
*[[Soubam]]<br />
*[[Sougaijam]]<br />
*[[Sougrakpam]]<br />
* [[Soyam]]<br />
* [[Sukham]]<br />
* [[Takenjam]]<br />
* [[Takhellambam]]<br />
* [[Takhelmayum]]<br />
* [[Taorem]]<br />
* [[Thangjam]]<br />
* [[Thaoroijam]]<br />
* [[Thingnam]]<br />
* [[Thingom]]<br />
* [[Thingujam]]<br />
* [[Thiyam]]<br />
* [[Thoidingjam]]<br />
* [[TayyabFayyaz]]<br />
* [[Al aman kollam]]<br />
* [[Draft:Farhan Rana Rajpoot]]<br />
* [[Darshan Sankhala]]<br />
<br />
===English Wikipedia===<br />
*[[Himanshu Jaykar]]<br />
*[[Sunil Butolia]]<br />
*[[Bablu Baghel]]<br />
*[[Aditya Belnekar]]<br />
*[[Hetvi Karia]]<br />
*[[Anshuman Tiwari (musician)]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:Requested_articles/requests&diff=139290Bharatpedia:Requested articles/requests2021-08-27T09:51:23Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div><!-- Please add your request below this line --><br />
*[[Himanshu Jaykar (artist)]] (Music Producer) ([https://sites.google.com/site/himanshujaykars/ Himanshu Jaykar - Bio], [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bollywood_actors| List of Bollywood actors], [https://g.co/kgs/e2CzpW| a song "checkmate" produced by Himanshu Jaykar])<br />
*[[Pranay Ranjan]]<br />
* [[Anmol Joon (Athlete)]]<br />
* [[Himanshu Mahawar]] (Entrepreneur) (Newsx <br />
https://www.newsx.com/business/himanshu-mahawar-leads-with-dope-entrepreneurs.html<br />
<br />
Ibtimes India<br />
https://www.ibtimes.co.in/meet-himanshu-mahawar-digital-marketer-web-developer-833752/<br />
<br />
Mynation<br />
https://www.mynation.com/india-news/himanshu-mahawar-has-come-a-long-way-with-his-digital-entrepreneurship-skills-qtk2w5/<br />
<br />
MidDay<br />
https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/hard-work-pays-himanshumahawar-the-man-behind-the-successful-news-company-dope-entrepreneurs-23173841/<br />
<br />
Apnnews<br />
https://www.apnnews.com/himanshu-mahawar-is-creating-waves-in-the-industry/<br />
<br />
News Track Live<br />
https://english.newstracklive.com/news/a-digital-entrepreneur-with-the-perfect-plan-himanshu-mahawar-sc17-nu293-ta293-1160941-1.html/<br />
<br />
Casey Weekly<br />
https://caseyweekly.com.au/himanshu-mahawar-successful-life-as-a-digital-marketer/<br />
<br />
Fab World Today<br />
https://www.fabworldtoday.com/himanshu-mahawar-how-a-young-talent-leads-a-successful-life-as-a-digital-marketer/<br />
<br />
Timesbulltin<br />
https://www.timebulletin.com/himanshu-mahawar-digital-marketer-with-the-perfect-services/<br />
<br />
Verna Magazine<br />
https://www.vernamagazine.com/2021/05/25/himanshu-mahawar-the-rising-social-media-marketing-and-pr-expert/<br />
<br />
Ustimesnow<br />
https://www.ustimesnow.com/himanshu-mahawar-the-man-behind-the-media-site-dope-entrepreneurs/amp/<br />
<br />
Data Source Hub<br />
https://www.datasourcehub.com/if-the-question-is-digital-marketing-himanshu-mahawar-is-the-answer/<br />
<br />
Globestats<br />
https://www.globestats.com/himanshu-mahawar-digital-marketer-with-the-perfect-services/ )<br />
*[[Ariyan Mehedi]]<br />
*[[Aditya Belnekar]]<br />
*[[Pratik Thete]]<br />
*[[Rahul Khan]] (Indian Film Director) https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2021/mar/06/rahul-khans-debut-film-beti-hindustan-ki-is-a-hard-hitting-tale-of-a-eunuch-32171.html<br />
*[[Bablu Baghel]] (Internet Entrepreneur)https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-farmer-son-started-his-own-company-in-crona-times-nodelsp-3581402.html<br />
<br />
==Import==<br />
''Please list articles to be imported from Wikipedia''<br />
===Simple Wikipedia===<br />
* [[Kronus]]<br />
* [[Tutankhamen]]<br />
* [[The Coils of Pakhangba: A Cultural History of Meeteis]]<br />
<br />
==New request==<br />
Please import the following from simple English Wikipedia:<br />
*[[Akashsolankiofficial (footballer)]]<br />
* [[Abujam]] <br />
* [[Ahanthem]] <br />
* [[Aheibam]]<br />
* [[Akham]] <br />
* [[Akoijam]] <br />
* [[Amakcham]]<br />
* [[Himanshu Jaykar (artist)]]<br />
* [[Harjot Singh Dhaliwal (Actor)]]<br />
*[[Loitongbam]]<br />
*[[Loktongbam]]<br />
*[[Longjam]]<br />
*[[Lourembam]]<br />
*[[Lousigam]]<br />
*[[Lukram]]<br />
* [[Maharabam]]<br />
* [[Maibam]]<br />
*[[Maibram]]<br />
*[[Maikam]]<br />
*[[Maimom]]<br />
* [[Mainam]]<br />
* [[Mairembam]]<br />
*[[Maitham]]<br />
* [[Mandingbam]]<br />
*[[Mayangbam]]<br />
*[[Mayanglambam]]<br />
*[[Mayengbam]]<br />
*[[Meinam]]<br />
*[[Meitram]]<br />
*[[Moirangmayum]]<br />
*[[Moirangthem]]<br />
*[[Mudum]]<br />
*[[Murtum]]<br />
*[[Mutum]]<br />
* [[Nahakpam]]<br />
* [[Nameirakpam]]<br />
* [[Nandeibam]]<br />
* [[Naorem]]<br />
* [[Naoroibam]]<br />
* [[Nepram]]<br />
* [[Ngairangbam]]<br />
* [[Ngangbam]]<br />
*[[Ngangom]]<br />
*[[Ngasekpam]]<br />
*[[Ngasepam]]<br />
*[[Ningthoujam]]<br />
*[[Ningthoukhongjam]]<br />
*[[Nongmaithem]]<br />
*[[Nongmeikapam]]<br />
*[[Nongthombam]]<br />
*[[Okram]]<br />
*[[Pangambam]]<br />
*[[Pangshatabam]]<br />
*[[Paonam]]<br />
*[[Pebam]]<br />
*[[Phamdom]]<br />
*[[Phanjoubam]]<br />
*[[Pharembam]]<br />
*[[Pheiroijam]]<br />
*[[Phijam]]<br />
*[[Phirem]]<br />
*[[Phurem]]<br />
*[[Phuritsabam]]<br />
*[[Pichimayum]]<br />
*[[Potshangbam]]<br />
*[[Pukhrambam]]<br />
S<br />
*[[Sadokpam]]<br />
*[[Sagolsem]]<br />
*[[Salam (surname)]]<br />
*[[Samjetsabam]]<br />
*[[Samom]]<br />
*[[Sanasam]]<br />
*[[Sandam]]<br />
*[[Sandham]]<br />
*[[Sapam]]<br />
*[[Sarangthem]]<br />
*[[Sarungbam]]<br />
*[[Senjam]]<br />
*[[Seram]]<br />
*[[Shaikhom]]<br />
*[[Shairem]]<br />
*[[Sinam]]<br />
*[[Soibam]]<br />
*[[Soraisam]]<br />
*[[Soram]]<br />
*[[Sorokhaibam]]<br />
*[[Soubam]]<br />
*[[Sougaijam]]<br />
*[[Sougrakpam]]<br />
* [[Soyam]]<br />
* [[Sukham]]<br />
* [[Takenjam]]<br />
* [[Takhellambam]]<br />
* [[Takhelmayum]]<br />
* [[Taorem]]<br />
* [[Thangjam]]<br />
* [[Thaoroijam]]<br />
* [[Thingnam]]<br />
* [[Thingom]]<br />
* [[Thingujam]]<br />
* [[Thiyam]]<br />
* [[Thoidingjam]]<br />
* [[TayyabFayyaz]]<br />
* [[Al aman kollam]]<br />
* [[Draft:Farhan Rana Rajpoot]]<br />
* [[Darshan Sankhala]]<br />
<br />
===English Wikipedia===<br />
*[[Himanshu Jaykar]]<br />
*[[Sunil Butolia]]<br />
*[[Bablu Baghel]]<br />
*[[Aditya Belnekar]]<br />
*[[Hetvi Karia]]<br />
*[[Anshuman Tiwari (musician)]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=T_series&diff=139231T series2021-08-26T10:40:56Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{More citations needed|date=March 2021}} {{short description|Indian music record label and film production company}} {{Use Indian English|date = Oc..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{short description|Indian music record label and film production company}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date = October 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Super Cassettes Industries Private Limited<br />
| logo = T-series-logo.svg<br />
| logo_size = 140<br />
| image = <br />
| trade_name = T-Series<br />
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<br />
| founder = [[Gulshan Kumar]]<br />
| key_people = [[Bhushan Kumar]] (Chairman, Managing Director)<br />[[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]] <br />Neeraj Kalyan (President)<ref name="bloomberg"/><br />
| owner = {{unbulleted list|[[Gulshan Kumar]] {{small|(1983–1997)}}|[[Bhushan Kumar]] {{small|(1997–present)}}}}<br />
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1983|7|11}} in [[Delhi]], India<ref name="opencorp">{{cite web |title=SUPER CASSETTES INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/in/U74899DL1983PTC016114 |website=[[OpenCorporates]] |access-date=17 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918061229/https://opencorporates.com/companies/in/U74899DL1983PTC016114 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| location_city = [[Noida]]<br />
| location_country = [[India]]<ref name="bberg" /><br />
| industry = [[Entertainment]]<br />
| services = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Record label|Music record label]]<br />
* [[Filmmaking|Film production]]<br />
}}<br />
| parent = <br />
| module = {{Infobox YouTube personality|embed=yes<br />
| name = T-Series<br />
| channel_name = tseries<br />
| channel_display_name = T-Series<br />
| genre = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Music video]]s<br />
* [[Film trailer]]s<br />
}}<br />
| subscribers = 191 million<br />
| subscriber_date = August 19, 2021<br />
| views = 162 billion<br />
| view_date = August 22, 2021<br />
| years_active = 2006–present<br />
| silver_button = yes<br />
| silver_year = 2011<br />
| gold_button = yes<br />
| gold_year = 2013<br />
| diamond_button = yes<br />
| diamond_year = 2016<br />
| ruby_button = yes<br />
| ruby_year = 2018<br />
| red_diamond_button = yes<br />
| red_diamond_year = 2019<br />
| stats_update = 23 August 2021<br />
}}<br />
| website = [http://www.tseries.com/ T-Series.com]<br />
}}<br />
'''Super Cassettes Industries Private Limited''', [[Trade name|doing business as]] '''T-Series''',{{notetag|"T" is an abbreviation for [[trishula]] – the trident of Hindu god [[Shiva]].<ref>{{cite web |title=It's all in the name |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/living/story/19980406-xyz-763159-2012-08-31 |website=[[India Today]] |date=6 April 1998 |access-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824101713/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/living/story/19980406-xyz-763159-2012-08-31 |archive-date=24 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<ref name="opencorp" /><ref name="bberg">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=13624246|title=Super Cassettes Industries Ltd.: Private Company Information|website=[[Bloomberg.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327111944/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=13624246|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> is an Indian music [[record label]] and film production company founded by [[Gulshan Kumar]] on July 11, 1983.<ref name="BS: Bhushan Kumar">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/tea-with-bs-bhushan-kumar-chairman-and-md-super-cassettes-industries-t-series-113122000989_1.html|title=Tea with BS: Bhushan Kumar|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|date=20 December 2013|work=Business Standard India|access-date=7 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707202004/https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/tea-with-bs-bhushan-kumar-chairman-and-md-super-cassettes-industries-t-series-113122000989_1.html|archive-date=7 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It is primarily known for [[Bollywood music]] soundtracks<ref name="BS: Bhushan Kumar" /> and [[Indi-pop]] music.<ref>{{cite news |title=Going solo: The era of Indi-pop albums and singles is back |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/going-solo-the-era-of-indi-pop-albums-and-singles-is-back/story-i2OFqZDN5oo4GKGRNnAcHN.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=20 April 2015 |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125030812/https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/going-solo-the-era-of-indi-pop-albums-and-singles-is-back/story-i2OFqZDN5oo4GKGRNnAcHN.html |archive-date=25 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2014, T-Series is India's largest music record label, with up to a 35% share of the [[Indian Music Industry|Indian music market]], followed by [[Sony Music India]] and [[Zee Music]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malvania |first1=Urvi |title=Sony Music eyes numero uno position in India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sony-music-eyes-numero-uno-position-in-india-114042100807_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=21 April 2014 |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109011933/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sony-music-eyes-numero-uno-position-in-india-114042100807_1.html |archive-date=9 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> T-Series also owns and operates the [[List of most-viewed YouTube channels|most-viewed]] and the [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|most-subscribed YouTube channel]], with 191{{nbsp}}million subscribers<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/aashiqui2/about T-Series becomes first YouTube channel with 100 million subscribers, beats PewDiePie by comfortable margin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529193251/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/t-series-becomes-first-youtube-channel-with-100-million-subscribers-beats-pewdiepie-by-comfortable-margin/427613 |date=29 May 2019 }} ''Times News Now'', 29 May 2019</ref> and 162{{nbsp}}billion total views as of August 22, 2021.<ref name="socialblade">{{cite web|url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/c/tseriesmusic|title=T-Series YouTube Stats, Channel Statistics|website=Social Blade|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902084126/https://socialblade.com/youtube/c/tseriesmusic|archive-date=2 September 2018|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> While best known as a music label, T-Series has also had some moderate success as a film production company.<br />
<br />
Kumar, initially a fruit juice seller in [[Delhi]], founded T-Series to sell [[Copyright infringement#"Piracy"|pirated]] Bollywood songs before the company eventually began producing new music. Their breakthrough came with the soundtrack for the 1988 [[Bollywood]] blockbuster ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]'', composed by [[Anand-Milind]], written by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]], and starring [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Juhi Chawla]], which became one of the best-selling Indian music albums of the 1980s, with over 8{{nbsp}}million sales. They eventually became a leading music label with the release of ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), composed by [[Nadeem–Shravan]], which sold 20{{nbsp}}million copies and became the best-selling Indian [[soundtrack album]] of all time.<ref name="boi90s" /> However, Gulshan Kumar was murdered by the [[Mumbai underworld|Mumbai mafia]] syndicate [[D-Company]] on August 12, 1997. Since then, T-Series has been led by his son [[Bhushan Kumar]] and younger brother [[Krishan Kumar (India)|Krishan Kumar]].<br />
<br />
On YouTube, T-Series has a [[multi-channel network]], with 30 channels (including [[Lahari Music]]) that have over 360.9 million subscribers as of June 14, 2021. The company's YouTube team consists of 13{{nbsp}}people at the T-Series headquarters.<ref name="bbc"/> The company's main T-Series channel on YouTube primarily shows music videos as well as film trailers. It became the most-viewed YouTube channel in January 2017.<ref name="views" /> The T-Series channel primarily features content in the [[Hindi]] language, and occasionally several other languages including [[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Indian English|English]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. T-Series also have other channels dedicated to content in several [[Languages of India|Indian languages]] including Punjabi, Urdu, [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
T-Series was founded on 11 July 1983<ref name="opencorp2">{{cite web |title=Super Cassettes Industries Private Limited |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/in/U74899DL1983PTC016114 |website=[[OpenCorporates]] |access-date=17 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918061229/https://opencorporates.com/companies/in/U74899DL1983PTC016114 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> by [[Gulshan Kumar]],<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |title=How a Bollywood Music Label Conquered YouTube |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/world/asia/t-series-youtube-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=14 November 2018 |access-date=17 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117192940/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/world/asia/t-series-youtube-india.html |archive-date=17 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> at the time a [[fruit juice]] seller in the [[Daryaganj]] neighbourhood of [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Gulshan Kumar: From obscure fruit-juice seller to king of music |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19970825-gulshan-kumar-from-obscure-fruit-juice-seller-to-king-of-music-831961-1997-08-25 |work=[[India Today]] |date=25 August 1997 |access-date=10 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115221546/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19970825-gulshan-kumar-from-obscure-fruit-juice-seller-to-king-of-music-831961-1997-08-25 |archive-date=15 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The company initially sold pirated [[Bollywood songs]], prior to releasing original music.<ref name="Nihalani">{{cite book|last1=Nihalani|first1=Govind|last2=Chatterjee|first2=Saibal|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|date=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=9788179910665|page=20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT44|quote=Songs made a triumphal return to mainstream Hindi cinema with the success of the music of a low-budget Mahesh Bhatt film, ''Aashiqui'', which was produced by T-Series, a small-time company that had begun life peddling pirated Hindi film songs.|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120143828/https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT44|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Manuel |first1=P. |title=Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India |date=1993 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=[https://archive.org/details/cassetteculturep0000manu/page/68 68] |quote=T-Series is widely alleged to have flourished in its early years by issuing pirate releases of film music ... One T-Series employee told me: 'What people say about our activities in the early years—it's mostly true.|url=https://archive.org/details/cassetteculturep0000manu|url-access=registration |isbn=9780226504018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Ravi |title=Pirate modernity : Delhi's media urbanism |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-87542-1|page=120|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_jY_HUrJLMC&q=pirate%20modernity&pg=PP1|quote=T Series was also involved in straightforward copyright infringement in the form of pirate releases of popular hits relying on the loose enforcement of copyright laws|date=30 July 2009 }}</ref> Back then, the Indian [[audio cassette]] market was small-scale, with widespread piracy, but there was growing demand for cassette music. According to ''[[Rediff]]'', while Kumar "was involved in piracy, he was passionately market- and consumer-driven."<ref name="rediff">{{cite news |title=Rediff On The Net, Movies: How Gulshan Kumar signed his own death warrant |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/sep/02sup1.htm |work=[[Rediff]] |date=2 September 1997 |access-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126025220/http://www.rediff.com/movies/sep/02sup1.htm |archive-date=26 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The company also took advantage of loopholes in copyright law allowing for the release of cover versions of songs, which T-Series would then flood the market with.<ref name="Disruptive Force" /> Researchers Lawrence Liang and Ravi Sundaram wrote:<br />
<br />
{{quote|text=T-Series was a profoundly disruptive force in the [[Indian Music Industry|Indian music market]], in large part because it was a tremendously successful pirate. The company built its catalog through a variety of quasi-legal and illegal practices ... [T-Series] engaged in more straightforward copyright infringement in the form of pirate releases of popular hits, and it often illegally obtained film scores before the release of the film to ensure that its recordings were the first to hit the market.<ref name="Disruptive Force">{{cite book |author1=Lawrence Liang and Ravi Sundaram |editor1-last=Karaganis |editor1-first=Joe |title=Media Piracy in Emerging Economies |date=2011 |publisher=Social Science Research Council |page=353 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHo3AgAAQBAJ&q=Media+Piracy+in+Emerging+Economies |chapter=8 |isbn=9780984125746 |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Krishan Kumar with his nephew Bhushan Kumar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Krishan Kumar Dua|Krishan Kumar]] (left) and CEO [[Bhushan Kumar]] (right), the brother and son of Gulshan Kumar, respectively, during the audio release of ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'' (2013)]]<br />
Kumar discovered that there was also a market for devotional music, and began recording and selling it. Kumar noticed that many elderly Hindu followers could not read hymns and chants because of failing eyesight, so Kumar hired singers to record the chants and sold them as cheap cassettes. Later, he filmed major Hindu pilgrimages in India and sold them on [[VHS]] and [[video cassette]] tapes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46602705|title=PewDiePie v T-Series: The battle to be king of YouTube|last=Biswas|first=Soutik|date=20 December 2018|work=BBC News |language=en-GB |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226212437/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46602705|archive-date=26 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
T-Series' first original film soundtrack release was for ''Lallu Ram'' in 1984, with music scored by [[Ravindra Jain]].{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}<br />
The company's breakthrough came when it released the soundtrack for the 1988 [[Bollywood]] blockbuster ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]'' (also known as ''QSQT''),<ref>{{cite book |last=Booth |first=Gregory D. |title=Behind the Curtain: Making Music in Mumbai's Film Studios |date=2008 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-971665-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/behindcurtainmak00boot/page/80 80] |url=https://archive.org/details/behindcurtainmak00boot |url-access=registration |access-date=28 November 2018 }}</ref> directed by [[Mansoor Khan]] and starring [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Juhi Chawla]]. The ''Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak'' soundtrack, composed by [[Anand-Milind]] and written by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]], became the best-selling Indian [[soundtrack album]] of 1988 and one of the best-selling Indian soundtrack albums of the 1980s,<ref name="boi80s">{{cite web|title=Music Hits 1980–1989|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=283&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042958/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=283&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5|archive-date=5 February 2010}}</ref> with more than 8 million units sold.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Top 25 films between the years 1985–1994 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/top-25-films-between-the-years-1985-1994_-26676-1.html |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=18 February 2018 |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210110937/https://www.filmfare.com/features/top-25-films-between-the-years-1985-1994_-26676-1.html |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The biggest hit song from the album was "[[:File:Papa Kehte Hain.ogg|Papa Kehte Hain]]", sung by [[Udit Narayan]] and picturised on Aamir Khan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hindi films: There's now big bucks in audio rights |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19921231-hindi-films-there-is-now-big-bucks-in-audio-rights-767332-2013-05-21 |work=[[India Today]] |date=31 December 1992 |access-date=21 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210111219/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19921231-hindi-films-there-is-now-big-bucks-in-audio-rights-767332-2013-05-21 |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Papa Kehte Hain Bada Naam Karega [Full HD Song] {{!}} Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak {{!}} Aamir Khan |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEvBiayarlc |via=[[YouTube]] |publisher=T-Series |date=26 May 2012 |access-date=9 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314055430/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEvBiayarlc |archive-date=14 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> T-Series founder Gulshan Kumar soon played a key role in Bollywood's cassette boom of the late 1980s with his affordable T-Series albums.<ref>{{cite journal |title=India Today |journal=[[India Today]] |date=1992 |volume=17 |page=112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2opAQAAIAAJ |publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited |quote=Kumar, who was responsible for the audio cassette boom of the "80s with his inexpensive T-Series albums |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327133117/https://books.google.com/books?id=K2opAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
T-Series later became a leading music label with the release of ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990),<ref name="Nihalani" /> directed by [[Mahesh Bhatt]]. The ''Aashiqui'' film soundtrack album, composed by the duo [[Nadeem–Shravan]], sold 20 million units in India,<ref name="india-today">{{cite journal|title=India Today|journal=[[India Today]]|date=1994|volume=19|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHYZAQAAMAAJ&q=two+crore|publisher=Aroon Purie for Living Media India Limited|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327133122/https://books.google.com/books?id=BHYZAQAAMAAJ&dq=two+crore|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and is the best-selling [[Bollywood soundtrack]] album of all time.<ref name="boi90s">{{cite web|title=Music Hits 1990–1999 (Figures in Units)|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=2 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010439/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5|archive-date=2 January 2010}}</ref> A [[cover version]] of "[[Dheere Dheere]]" from ''Aashiqui'' was later sung by [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] and released by T-Series in 2015.<br />
<br />
T-Series was largely responsible for sparking a boom for the [[Indian Music Industry|Indian music industry]] in the early 1990s.<ref name="auto"/> Many of the best-selling Bollywood music albums of the 1990s, particularly those composed by Nadeem–Shravan, were released under the T-Series label.<ref name="boi90s" /> Besides music production, the company also began venturing into film production.<ref name="mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/11-films-in-nine-months-for-t-series/articleshow/57173435.cms"11|title=FILMS IN NINE MONTHS FOR T-SERIES |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=21 October 2018}}</ref> The annual earnings of T-Series grew from {{INR|20 crore|link=yes}} ({{US$|{{#expr:200/12.369 round 0}} million|long=no}}) in 1985 to {{INR|200 crore}} ({{US$|{{#expr:2000/22.742 round 0}} million|long=no}}) in 1991,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhargava |first1=Simran |title=As music market expands rapidly, India becomes one of the largest producers of cassettes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19910115-as-music-market-expands-rapidly-india-becomes-one-of-the-largest-producers-of-cassettes-813888-1991-01-15 |work=[[India Today]] |date=15 January 1991 |access-date=19 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210110616/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19910115-as-music-market-expands-rapidly-india-becomes-one-of-the-largest-producers-of-cassettes-813888-1991-01-15 |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1991&locations=IN&start=1985 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |year=1991 |access-date=9 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210110913/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1991&locations=IN&start=1985 |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and by 1997 had reached {{INR|500 crore}}<ref name="outlook">{{cite journal|title=The Mafia Calls The Shots|journal=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=25 August 1997|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-mafia-calls-the-shots/204098|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212084237/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-mafia-calls-the-shots/204098|archive-date=12 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ({{US$|{{#expr:5000/36 round -1}} million|long=no}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1997&locations=IN&start=1996 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |year=1997 |access-date=9 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211101102/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1997&locations=IN&start=1996 |archive-date=11 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1997, T-Series founder Gulshan Kumar was murdered by the [[Mumbai underworld|Mumbai mafia]] syndicate [[D-Company]].<ref name="outlook" /> His assassination also led to T-Series losing its most prolific musicians at the time, [[Nadeem–Shravan]], due to Nadeem Akhtar Saifi initially being accused of involvement in the murder, before later being [[exonerated]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gulshan murder: Approver denies knowing anything about the case|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/aug/08gul.htm|date=8 August 2001|access-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206135823/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/aug/08gul.htm|archive-date=6 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Farooqui|first=Mazhar|title=Exclusive: 'I request Narendra Modi to help me get justice'|url=http://gulfnews.com/xpress/news/exclusive-i-request-narendra-modi-to-help-me-get-justice-1.1825520|work=[[Gulf News]]|date=11 May 2016|access-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903123539/https://gulfnews.com/xpress/news/exclusive-i-request-narendra-modi-to-help-me-get-justice-1.1825520|archive-date=3 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-26248138 Bollywood exile Nadeem Saifi seeks government apology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622041638/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-26248138 |date=22 June 2018 }}, [[BBC]], 19 February 2014</ref> After Gulshan Kumar's death in 1997, the company has since been led by his son [[Bhushan Kumar]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Laghate |first1=Gaurav |last2=Sachitanand |first2=Rahul |title=How Bhushan Kumar has transformed T-Series into an entertainment behemoth |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/how-bhushan-kumar-has-transformed-t-series-into-an-entertainment-behemoth/articleshow/57048309.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=9 February 2017 |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902085630/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/how-bhushan-kumar-has-transformed-t-series-into-an-entertainment-behemoth/articleshow/57048309.cms |archive-date=2 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> with the help of Gulshan's younger brother [[Krishan Kumar (India)|Krishan Kumar]].<br />
<br />
As a film production company, T-Series has had some moderate success. The highest-grossing T-Series film production to date is the critically acclaimed sleeper hit ''[[Hindi Medium]]'' (2017), written by Zeenat Lakhani, directed by [[Saket Chaudhary]], and starring [[Irrfan Khan]] and [[Saba Qamar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Grossers All Formats Worldwide Gross |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/all_format_worldwide_gross.php |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234559/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/all_format_worldwide_gross.php |archive-date=9 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> It grossed {{INR|322.4 crore}} ({{US$|{{To USD|3224|IND|round=yes}} million|long=no}}) worldwide,<ref>{{cite web |title=Hindi Medium Box Office Collection till Now |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hindi-medium/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205103247/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hindi-medium/box-office/ |archive-date=5 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> with {{US$|34 million|long=no}} in [[China]] alone,<ref>{{cite web|title=Weekly box office > China (04/22/2018)|url=http://english.entgroup.cn/boxoffice/cn/Default.aspx?week=998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424072445/http://english.entgroup.cn/boxoffice/cn/Default.aspx?week=998|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2018|publisher=EntGroup|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref> becoming one of the top 20 [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films]] of all time.<ref name="firstpost3">{{cite news|title=Hindi Medium box office collection surges past Rs 300 crore after China run; trumps Padmaavat's overseas gross|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hindi-medium-box-office-collection-surges-past-rs-300-crore-after-china-run-trumps-padmaavats-overseas-gross-4433401.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=16 April 2018|access-date=5 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825070940/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hindi-medium-box-office-collection-surges-past-rs-300-crore-after-china-run-trumps-padmaavats-overseas-gross-4433401.html|archive-date=25 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[List of most expensive Indian films|One of the most expensive Indian films]] was T-Series's ''[[Saaho]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/170418/t-series-to-bring-prabhas-Shraddha-kapoor-starrer-saaho-to-the-hindi-m.html |title=T-Series to bring Prabhas-Shraddha Kapoor starrer to the Hindi market |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625081354/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/170418/t-series-to-bring-prabhas-shraddha-kapoor-starrer-saaho-to-the-hindi-m.html |archive-date=25 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> a [[sci-fi]] thriller with a production budget of {{INRConvert|300|c|lk=|year=2019}}, released in 2019.<ref name="Indian Express">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/saaho-here-is-the-budget-of-prabhas-shraddha-kapoors-action-drama5160325/|title=Saaho: Here is the budget of Prabhas-Shraddha Kapoor's action drama|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=2 May 2018|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503041525/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/saaho-here-is-the-budget-of-prabhas-shraddha-kapoors-action-drama5160325/|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Saaho will be narrated from Shraddha Kapoor's point of view': Prabhas |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/saaho-will-be-narrated-shraddha-kapoors-point-view-prabhas-81917 |work=[[The News Minute]] |date=25 May 2018 |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219001126/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/saaho-will-be-narrated-shraddha-kapoors-point-view-prabhas-81917 |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> T-Series is also producing a [[biopic]] film based on the life of its founder [[Gulshan Kumar]], called ''[[Mogul (film)|Mogul]]'', which is currently under production and is scheduled for release in 2019.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}<br />
<br />
== {{anchor|YouTube}} YouTube presence ==<br />
{{see also|PewDiePie vs T-Series}}<br />
<br />
T-Series joined [[YouTube]] on 13 March 2006, but only started uploading videos in late 2010. Under this channel, T-Series primarily shows music videos and film trailers. By July 2013, it had crossed 1 billion views, becoming the second Indian [[YouTube channel]] to cross the milestone after [[Rajshri Productions]].<ref>{{cite news |title=T-Series hits one billion views on YouTube |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/38020_T-Series-hits-one-billion-views-on-YouTube |work=afaqs! |date=5 July 2013 |access-date=28 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128210810/https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/38020_T-Series-hits-one-billion-views-on-YouTube |archive-date=28 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2017, T-Series surpassed [[PewDiePie]] to become the world's [[List of most-viewed YouTube channels|most-viewed YouTube channel]],<ref name="Ha">{{cite book |last=Ha |first=Louisa |title=The Audience and Business of YouTube and Online Videos |date=2018 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4985-7649-9 |page=154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoNaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154 |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120143828/https://books.google.com/books?id=UoNaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=views>{{cite news |last1=Laghate |first1=Gaurav |last2=Sachitanand |first2=Rahul |title=How Bhushan Kumar has transformed T-Series into an entertainment behemoth |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/how-bhushan-kumar-has-transformed-t-series-into-an-entertainment-behemoth/articleshow/57048309.cms |website=[[The Economic Times]] |date=9 February 2017 |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902085630/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/how-bhushan-kumar-has-transformed-t-series-into-an-entertainment-behemoth/articleshow/57048309.cms |archive-date=2 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/tseries|title=YouTube Statistics for T-Series|work=Social Blade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216095139/http://socialblade.com/youtube/user/tseries|archive-date=16 February 2017|access-date=16 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/pewdiepie|title=YouTube Statistics for PewDiePie (3–16 February 2017)|work=Social Blade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216095445/http://socialblade.com/youtube/user/pewdiepie|archive-date=16 February 2017|access-date=16 February 2017}}</ref> and as of December 2019 it has over 92 billion views.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/tseries/|title=T-Series|website=YouTube|access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref> The T-Series YouTube channel is run by a team of 13{{nbsp}}people at the T-Series headquarters.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |last1=Biswas |first1=Soutik |title=PewDiePie v T-Series: The battle to be king of YouTube |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-46602705 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=20 December 2018 |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221175846/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-46602705 |archive-date=21 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
As of December 2020, T-Series has exceeded 164 million subscribers, making it the [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|most-subscribed YouTube channel]], exceeding the second-placed [[PewDiePie]] by 56 million. When it reached 50 million subscribers, the channel received a Custom Ruby Play Button on 10 September 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehsrm_Z7hXw|title=Music Matters: T-SERIES Awarded For Surpassing 50 Million Subscribers On YouTube|last=T-Series|via=YouTube|access-date=31 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120143828/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehsrm_Z7hXw|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also the second channel ever to hit 70 million subscribers.<ref name="socialblade" /> It became the first channel on 29 May 2019 to hit 100 million subscribers. On average, T-Series earns approximately one million subscribers every ten days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/compare/t-series/pewdiepie|title=Compare T-series and Pewdiepie YouTube Statistics (By Social Blade)|website=Social Blade |access-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716053854/https://socialblade.com/youtube/compare/t-series/pewdiepie|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCq-Fj5jknLsUf-MWSy4_brA|title=T-Series Social Blade|access-date=28 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228161745/https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCq-Fj5jknLsUf-MWSy4_brA|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
T-Series channel also owns a [[multi-channel network]], with 29 channels<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite news |title=PewDiePie's Tumultuous Reign as YouTube King Is Almost Over |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-15/youtube-king-pewdiepie-surrenders-crown-to-indian-record-label |publisher=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |date=15 November 2018 |access-date=17 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117193002/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-15/youtube-king-pewdiepie-surrenders-crown-to-indian-record-label |archive-date=17 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>(excluding Lahari Music), which include YouTube channels such as T-Series Tamil, T-Series Telugu,<ref name="business">{{cite news |last=Kohli-Khandekar |first=Vanita |title=What T-Series' dominance on YouTube means for its reach and revenue |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/t-series-youtube-a-lucrative-duet-to-push-music-firm-s-reach-and-revenues-118080701224_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=7 August 2018 |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905022903/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/t-series-youtube-a-lucrative-duet-to-push-music-firm-s-reach-and-revenues-118080701224_1.html |archive-date=5 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bollywood Classics,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood Classics |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/tseriesoldisgold |via=[[YouTube]] |publisher=T-Series |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827191117/https://www.youtube.com/user/tseriesoldisgold |archive-date=27 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> T-Series Kids Hut, T-Series Apna Punjab, T-Series Kannada, Shabad Gurbani, Health And Fitness, T-Series Bhakti Sagar (mainly dedicated to Hindu devotional music, and to a lesser extent Jain, Sikh, Muslim, Buddhist and Christian), Pop Chartbusters, T-Series Malayalam, T-Series Classics, T-Series Regional, hamaarbhojpuri, T-Series Gujarati, T-Series Marathi, T-Series Bhavageethegalu & Folk, Bhakti Sagar Telugu, Bhakti Sagar Tamil, Bhakti Sagar Malayalam, T-Series Bhakti Marathi, Bhakti Sagar Kannada, T-Series Islamic Music, T-Series Kids Hut-Portuguese Fairy Tales, T-Series Haryanvi, T-Series Kids Hut-Telugu Kathalu, T-Series Kids Hut-Cuentos en Español and T-Series Kids Hut Tamil. On top of this, seven of their channels are among the top 100 most-subscribed channels in India, including T-Series, Bhakti Sagar, Apna Punjab, Pop Chartbusters, Bollywood Classics, T-Series Regional, Lahari Music.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 250 YouTubers Channels in India |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/top/country/in/mostsubscribed |website=Social Blade |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906014029/https://socialblade.com/youtube/top/country/in/mostsubscribed |archive-date=6 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> T-Series' 29 channels accumulated a total of more than 184 million YouTube subscribers as of July 2019. During January{{ndash}}July 2018, T-Series earned an income of {{INRConvert|720|c|lk=|year=2019}} from YouTube.<ref name="business" /> Online revenue contributes to at least 60% of the company's overall revenue.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tanwar |first1=Sangeeta |title=T-Series chief says PewDiePie asked for a YouTube fight and got it |url=https://qz.com/india/1610082/bhushan-kumar-on-t-series-youtube-rivalry-with-pewdiepie/ |website=[[Quartz India]] |publisher=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=2 May 2019 |access-date=2 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502074944/https://qz.com/india/1610082/bhushan-kumar-on-t-series-youtube-rivalry-with-pewdiepie/ |archive-date=2 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The most popular song on the T-Series channel is "[[Dilbar (song)|Dilbar]]" (2018),<ref>{{cite web |title=Videos |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/tseries/videos?view=0&sort=p&flow=list |via=[[YouTube]] |publisher=T-Series |access-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508132434/https://www.youtube.com/user/tseries/videos?view=0&sort=p&flow=list |archive-date=8 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> an updated version of a 1999 song from ''[[Sirf Tum]]'' originally composed by [[Nadeem–Shravan]], reinvisioned by [[Tanishk Bagchi]] with [[Middle-Eastern music]]al influences,<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite news |title=Shaken, Not Stirred |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/shaken-not-stirred-bollywood-playback-singers-old-classic-music-remakes-5294719/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=7 August 2018 |language=en-IN |access-date=29 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506032109/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/shaken-not-stirred-bollywood-playback-singers-old-classic-music-remakes-5294719/ |archive-date=6 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and a music video featuring Arabic [[belly dancing]] from [[Moroccan Canadians|Moroccan-Canadian]] dancer [[Nora Fatehi]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajguru |first1=Sumit |title=International Dance Day 2019: Top 5 belly dance numbers in Bollywood you can't miss |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/280419/international-dance-day-2019-top-5-belly-dance-numbers-in-bollywood-y.html |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=29 April 2019 |access-date=29 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429043111/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/280419/international-dance-day-2019-top-5-belly-dance-numbers-in-bollywood-y.html |archive-date=29 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has become one of the most popular Bollywood music videos of all time,<ref>{{cite news |title=Nora Fatehi rejects reports of signing up Mahira Khan's 'Superstar' |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/462437-nora-fatehi-of-dilbar-fame-to-dance-in-mahira-khans-superstar |work=[[The News International]] |date=24 April 2019 |access-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426104557/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/462437-nora-fatehi-of-dilbar-fame-to-dance-in-mahira-khans-superstar |archive-date=26 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> with its international success inspiring an [[Arabic language]] version released by T-Series, also featuring Nora Fatehi. "Dilbar" is popular across [[Southern Asia]] and the [[Arab world]], with all versions of the song having received more than 1{{nbsp}}billion views on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dilbar |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/tseries/search?query=Dilbar |via=[[YouTube]] |publisher=T-Series |access-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420201841/https://www.youtube.com/user/tseries/search%3Fquery%3DDilbar |archive-date=20 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The most popular T-Series artist on YouTube is [[Punjabi language]] artist [[Guru Randhawa]], whose song "[[Lahore (song)|Lahore]]" (2017) crossed 700 million views on YouTube.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhushan Kumar's T-Series goes international with singing star Guru Randhawa collaborating with Pitbull |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhushan-kumars-t-series-goes-international-singing-star-guru-randhawa-collaborating-pitbull/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=23 November 2018 |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124220310/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhushan-kumars-t-series-goes-international-singing-star-guru-randhawa-collaborating-pitbull/ |archive-date=24 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> "[[Slowly Slowly]]", Guru Randhawa's collaboration with American rapper [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]] released by T-Series, received 38{{nbsp}}million views within a day, becoming one of the [[List of most-viewed online videos in the first 24 hours|most-viewed music videos in 24 hours]].<ref name="india">{{cite news |last1=Desk |first1=India com Buzz |title=Punjabi Singer Guru Randhawa Grooves to His Latest Hit Track 'Slowly Slowly' as he Celebrates The Success of The Peppy Song |url=https://www.india.com/buzz/punjabi-singer-guru-randhawa-grooves-to-his-latest-hit-track-slowly-slowly-as-he-celebrates-the-success-of-the-peppy-song-3636863/ |work=[[India.com]] |date=20 April 2019 |access-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420153144/https://www.india.com/buzz/punjabi-singer-guru-randhawa-grooves-to-his-latest-hit-track-slowly-slowly-as-he-celebrates-the-success-of-the-peppy-song-3636863/ |archive-date=20 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The growth of T-Series' YouTube channel has been attributed to [[Internet in India|India's emerging online population]]. India currently has 500 million Internet users and this number is expected to grow rapidly.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Rise of T-Series, the YouTube Channel That Will Soon Dethrone PewDiePie |url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/a3qb54/the-rise-of-t-series-the-youtube-channel-that-will-soon-dethrone-pewdiepie |work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=31 August 2018 |language=en-us |access-date=9 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014617/https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/a3qb54/the-rise-of-t-series-the-youtube-channel-that-will-soon-dethrone-pewdiepie |archive-date=10 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> A major breakthrough in India's Internet growth came in September 2016 with the advent of [[4G]] network [[Reliance Jio]], offering data at very low costs.<ref name="nytimes"/> India has since emerged as the world's second-largest online population (behind [[Internet in China|China]], where [[Censorship of YouTube|YouTube is blocked]]), with YouTube alone having over 225 million monthly Indian users. India's high demand for YouTube content and the lack of local [[YouTuber|content creators]] has contributed significantly to the rapid growth of T-Series.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pewdiepie and T-Series have been fighting for the most subscribers on YouTube |url=https://www.newsweek.com/pewdiepie-t-series-youtube-subscribers-india-social-blade-live-countas-1118994 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=12 September 2018 |access-date=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002023152/https://www.newsweek.com/pewdiepie-t-series-youtube-subscribers-india-social-blade-live-countas-1118994 |archive-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The growth of T-Series is also attributed to its growing audience outside of India.<ref name="nytimes"/> About 40% of the channel's traffic comes from outside of India,<ref name="bloomberg"/> including 12% from the United States.<ref name="nytimes"/> The majority of the channel's overseas viewers belong to the global [[Desi|South Asian diaspora]]. More recently, the channel's overseas viewership has increased further, as a result of [[PewDiePie vs T-Series|attention and controversy]] drawn to the channel by foreign [[YouTuber]]s such as PewDiePie and [[MrBeast]].<ref name="bloomberg"/> On 22 February 2019 at 6:04 AM, T-Series surpassed [[PewDiePie]] for the first time to become the [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|most-subscribed YouTube channel]], with PewDiePie regaining the spot 8 minutes later. T-Series overtook PewDiePie in a similar manner many more times over the following weeks, and on 27 March, finally gained and maintained, until 1 April, the top spot by a fluctuating, but overall growing, margin.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/t-series-is-officially-the-most-subscribed-youtube-channel-in-the-world/articleshow/68508120.cms |title=T-Series is officially the most subscribed YouTube channel in the world |date=21 March 2019 |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322004811/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/t-series-is-officially-the-most-subscribed-youtube-channel-in-the-world/articleshow/68508120.cms |archive-date=22 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/top/50/mostsubscribed |title=Top 50 YouTubers sorted by Subscribers - Socialblade YouTube Stats &#124; YouTube Statistics |access-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507224253/https://socialblade.com/youtube/top/50/mostsubscribed |archive-date=7 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Legal issues ==<br />
In November 2007, T-Series filed a lawsuit against YouTube for infringing on the copyright of its music by allowing users to upload videos of its music onto YouTube, which could be accessed for free, and obtained an interim order against YouTube from the Delhi High Court, which restrained YouTube from infringing on its copyrights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14560612|title=T-Series files a suit against YouTube - Sify.com|date=16 November 2007|access-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116123242/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14560612|archive-date=16 November 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="MediaNama Settlement">{{Cite news |author=Nikhil Pahwa |date=24 February 2011 |url=https://www.medianama.com/2011/02/223-youtube-music-label-t-series-reach-out-of-court-settlement/ |title=YouTube & Music Label T-Series Reach Out Of Court Settlement |publisher=MediaNama |language=en-US |access-date=18 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119051617/https://www.medianama.com/2011/02/223-youtube-music-label-t-series-reach-out-of-court-settlement/ |archive-date=19 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> T-Series and YouTube settled out of court in January 2011.<ref name="MediaNama Settlement" /><br />
<br />
In April 2019, after [[PewDiePie]] released two [[diss tracks]] against T-Series, "[[Congratulations (PewDiePie, Roomie and Boyinaband song)|Congratulations]]" and "[[Bitch Lasagna]]", T-Series filed a complaint with the [[Delhi High Court]] to have the songs removed from YouTube, arguing that they were "defamatory, disparaging, insulting, and offensive". Despite Kjellberg's statement that these diss tracks were "done in good fun", the court issued a temporary injunction in favour of T-Series on 8 April 2019 and access to the diss tracks on YouTube was blocked in India.<ref name="statesmanCourt">{{cite web |title=Battle between PewDiePie and T-series now reaches Delhi High Court |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/battle-pewdiepie-t-series-now-reaches-delhi-high-court-1502744769.html |website=The Statesman |date=11 April 2019 |access-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411210010/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/battle-pewdiepie-t-series-now-reaches-delhi-high-court-1502744769.html |archive-date=11 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sekhoseCourt">{{cite web |last1=Sekhose |first1=Marcia |title=PewDiePie vs T-Series: YouTuber pulls diss videos after Delhi HC order |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/pewdiepie-vs-t-series-youtuber-s-diss-videos-blocked-in-india-after-delhi-hc-order/story-usmcP62qTyem6bx6ukbfvM.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=11 April 2019 |access-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411163102/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/pewdiepie-vs-t-series-youtuber-s-diss-videos-blocked-in-india-after-delhi-hc-order/story-usmcP62qTyem6bx6ukbfvM.html |archive-date=11 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2019, it was reported that T-Series and PewDiePie had settled their legal disputes outside of court.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Shona |title=PewDiePie and T-Series quietly settled a court battle over 'racist' diss tracks following their epic YouTube battle |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pewdiepie-and-t-series-settle-youtube-legal-dispute-2019-8 |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=13 August 2019 |access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== List of artists ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2019}}<br />
The following notable musical artists have worked with T-Series and/or had music released under the T-Series label:<br />
{{div col|rules=yes}}<br />
* [[A. R. Rahman]]<br />
* [[Arijit Singh]]<br />
* [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]]<br />
* [[Akon]]<br />
* [[Adnan Sami]]<br />
* [[Alka Yagnik]]<br />
* [[Anand–Milind]] (Anand Shrivastav and Milind Shrivastav)<br />
* [[Anuradha Paudwal]]<br />
* [[Anwar (singer)|Anwar]]<br />
* [[Armaan Malik]]<br />
* [[Amaal Mallik]]<br />
* [[Asees Kaur]]<br />
* [[Asha Bhosle]]<br />
* [[Atif Aslam]]<br />
* [[Babul Supriyo]]<br />
* [[Dhvani Bhanushali]]<br />
* [[Darshan Raval]]<br />
* [[Gulzar]]<br />
* [[Guru Randhawa]]<br />
* [[Harrdy Sandhu]]<br />
* [[Himesh Reshammiya]]<br />
* [[Ikka Singh|Ikka]]<br />
* [[Irshad Kamil]]<br />
* [[Javed Akhtar]]<br />
* [[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
* [[KK (singer)|K.K]]<br />
* [[Kumar Sanu]]<br />
* [[Lucky Ali]]<br />
* [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]]<br />
* [[Nadeem–Shravan]] (Nadeem Akhtar Saifi and Shravan Kumar)<br />
* [[Neha Kakkar]]<br />
* [[Nikhil-Vinay]] (Nikhil Kamath and Vinay Tiwari)<br />
* [[Nitin Mukesh]]<br />
* [[Nora Fatehi]]<br />
* [[Pritam]]<br />
* [[Pankaj Udhas]]<br />
* [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]]<br />
* [[Poornima (singer)|Purnima]]<br />
* [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]]<br />
* [[Rajesh Roshan]]<br />
* [[Raju Singh]]<br />
* [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]<br />
* [[Saawan Kumar Tak]]<br />
* [[Sajid–Wajid]] (Sajid Khan and Wajid Khan)<br />
* [[Sandeep Chowta]]<br />
* [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
* [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]<br />
* [[Sonu Nigam]]<br />
* [[Sophie Choudry]]<br />
* [[Sukhwinder Singh]]<br />
* [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]<br />
* [[Talat Aziz]]<br />
* [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
* [[Tanvi Shah]]<br />
* [[Udit Narayan]]<br />
* [[Vishal–Shekhar]] ([[Vishal Dadlani]] and [[Shekhar Ravjiani]])<br />
* [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]<br />
* [[Zack Knight]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
== Production filmography ==<br />
=== 1990s ===<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2019}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Actors<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|''[[Aashiqui]]''<br />
|[[Rahul Roy]]<br/>[[Anu Aggarwal]]<br/>[[Deepak Tijori]]<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|''[[Bahaar Aane Tak]]''<br />
|[[Roopa Ganguly]], [[Moon Moon Sen]], [[Sumeet Saigal]], Tariq Shah<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|''[[Jeena Teri Gali Mein]]''<br />
|Suraj, [[Kavita Kapoor]]<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|''[[Ayee Milan Ki Raat]]''||[[Avinash Wadhavan]]<br/>Shaheen<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|''[[Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin]]''||[[Aamir Khan]], [[Pooja Bhatt]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Tiku Talsania]]<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|''[[Jeena Marna Tere Sang]]''||<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|''[[Sangeet (film)|Sangeet]]''||<br />
|-<br />
|1993<br />
|''Aaja Meri Jaan''||<br />
|-<br />
|1995<br />
|''[[Bewafa Sanam]]''||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 2000s ===<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2019}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Actors<br />
|-<br />
|2000<br />
|''[[Papa The Great]]''<br />
|[[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], [[Nagma]]<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
|''[[Tum Bin]]''<br />
|[[Priyanshu Chatterjee]], [[Himanshu Malik]]<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
|''[[Aapko Pehle Bhi Kahin Dekha Hai]]''<br />
|[[Priyanshu Chatterjee]], [[Sakshi Shivanand]]<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|''[[Humko Deewana Kar Gaye]]''<br />
|[[Akshay Kumar]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Bipasha Basu]], [[Anil Kapoor]]<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|''[[Darling (2007 Indian film)|Darling]]''<br />
|[[Fardeen Khan]], [[Esha Deol]]<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]''<br />
|[[Akshay Kumar]], [[Ameesha Patel]], [[Vidya Balan]], [[Shiney Ahuja]]<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|''[[Karzzzz]]''<br />
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Urmila Matondkar]], [[Dino Morea]], Shweta Kumar, [[Danny Denzongpa]], [[Rohini Hattangadi]], [[Smita Bansal]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Bakhtiyaar Irani]], [[Raj Babbar]], [[Himani Shivpuri]], [[Tareena Patel]], [[Asrani]], [[Sudhir Dalvi]], [[Imran Hasnee]], [[Shiva Rindani]]<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|''[[Radio (2009 film)|Radio: Love on Air]]''<br />
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Sonal Sehgal]], [[Shenaz Treasurywala]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Paresh Rawal]], Megha Narkar, Urvashi Yadav, [[Himani Shivpuri]], Megha Chatterji, [[Akhil Mishra]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 2010s ===<br />
{{more citations needed section|date=April 2019}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Actors<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2010 ||''[[Aashayein]]'' || [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Sonal Sehgal]] || Co-production with [[Percept Picture Company]]<br />
|-<br />
|2010 ||''[[Kajraare]]'' || [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Sara Loren]], [[Amrita Singh]], [[Natasha Sinha]], [[Gaurav Chanana]], [[Javed Shaikh]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Anupam Shyam]], [[Adnan Shah]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2011 ||''[[Patiala House (film)|Patiala House]]'' || [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Anushka Sharma]] || Co-production with [[Hari Om Entertainment]] and Credence Motion Pictures<br />
|-<br />
|2011 ||''[[Ready (2011 film)|Ready]]'' || [[Salman Khan]], [[Asin]], [[Paresh Rawal]] || Co-production with [[Sohail Khan]] Productions<br />
|-<br />
|2013 ||''[[Nautanki Saala!]]'' || [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Pooja Salvi]], [[Kunaal Roy Kapur]] || Co-production with [[Ramesh Sippy|R.S. Entertainment]]<br />
|-<br />
|2013 ||''[[Aashiqui 2]]'' || [[Aditya Roy Kapur]], [[Shraddha Kapoor]] || Co-production with [[Vishesh Films]]<br />
|-<br />
|2014 ||''[[Yaariyan (2014 film)|Yaariyan]]'' || [[Rakul Preet Singh]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2014 ||''[[Bhoothnath Returns]]'' || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Boman Irani]] || Co-production with [[Ravi Chopra|B.R Films]]<br />
|-<br />
|2014 ||''[[Hate Story 2]]'' || [[Surveen Chawla]], [[Jay Bhanushali]] ||Co-production with [[Vikram Bhatt]] productions<br />
|-<br />
|2014 ||''[[Creature 3D]]'' || [[Bipasha Basu]], [[Imran Abbas (actor)|Imran Abbas]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2015 ||''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]''|| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Rana Daggubati]], [[Taapsee Pannu]] || Co-production with [[Friday Filmworks]], Cape of Good Films & [[Hari Om Entertainment]]<br />
|-<br />
|2015 ||''[[Roy (2015 film)|Roy]]'' || [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Jacqueline Fernandez]], [[Ranbir Kapoor]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2015 ||''[[Ek Paheli Leela]]'' || [[Sunny Leone]] || Co-production with Paper Doll Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|2015 ||''[[I Love NY (2015 film)|I Love NY]]''|| [[Sunny Deol]], [[Kangana Ranaut]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2015 ||''[[All Is Well (2015 film)|All Is Well]]'' || [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Asin]], [[Rishi Kapoor]] ||alchemy productions<br />
|-<br />
|2015 ||''[[Bhaag Johnny]]'' || [[Kunal Khemu]], [[Zoa Morani]], [[Mandana Karimi]] || Co-production with [[Vikram Bhatt]] productions<br />
|-<br />
|2015 ||''[[Hate Story 3]]'' || [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Karan Singh Grover]], [[Zarine Khan]], [[Daisy Shah]] || Co-production with [[Vikram Bhatt]] productions<br />
|-<br />
|2016 ||''[[Sanam Re]]'' ||[[Pulkit Samrat]], [[Yami Gautam]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2016 ||''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]'' || [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Nimrat Kaur]] || Co-production with Abundantia Entertainment, Cape of Good Films, Emmay Entertainment, [[Hari Om Entertainment]]<br />
|-<br />
|2016 ||''[[Teraa Surroor]]'' || [[Himesh Reshammiya]], Farah Karimaee, [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Shekhar Kapur]], [[Monica Dogra]], [[Kabir Bedi]], [[Shernaz Patel]], Abhishek Duhan, Suneel Dutt, [[Graham Mollory]], Ann Marie O'Connor, Richard O'Leary, Warren Renwick, Maneesh Chandra Bhatt, Niraj Singh, Ravi Singh, Tereza, Naresh Suri || Co-production with [[HR Musik Limited]]<br />
|-<br />
|2016 ||''[[Sarbjit (film)|Sarbjit]]'' || [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]], [[Randeep Hooda]] ||Co-production with [[Vashu Bhagnani|Pooja Entertainment]], [[Omung Kumar|Legend Studios]]<br />
|-<br />
|2016 || ''[[Raaz: Reboot]]'' || [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Kriti Kharbanda]] || Co-production with [[Vishesh Films]]<br />
|-<br />
|2016 || ''[[Tum Bin 2]]'' || [[Neha Sharma]], [[Aditya Seal]], Aashim Gulati || Co-production with Benaras Mediaworks<br />
|-<br />
|2016 || ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]'' || [[Sana Khan]], [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Gurmeet Choudhary]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2016 ||''[[Junooniyat]]'' || [[Pulkit Samrat]], [[Yami Gautam]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''[[Noor (film)|Noor]]'' || [[Sonakshi Sinha]], [[Purab Kohli]] ||Co-production with Abundantia Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|2017 ||''[[Hindi Medium (film)|Hindi Medium]]'' || [[Irrfan Khan]] || Co-production with [[Dinesh Vijan|Maddock Films]]<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''[[FU: Friendship Unlimited]]'' || Aakash Thosar, Satya Manjrekar || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film;<br />Co-production with [[Mahesh Manjrekar|Cut2Cut Movies]]<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]'' || [[Sushant Singh Rajput]], [[Kriti Sanon]] || Co-production with [[Dinesh Vijan|Maddock Films]]<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''[[Baadshaho]]'' || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]], [[Esha Gupta]], [[Vidyut Jammwal]] || Co-production with [[Milan Luthria|Vertex Motion Pictures]]<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''[[Simran (film)|Simran]]'' || [[Kangana Ranaut]] ||Co-production with Karma Features, Adarsh Telemedia & Fortune Films (USA)<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''[[Bhoomi (2017 film)|Bhoomi]]'' || [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Aditi Rao Hydari]] || Co-production with [[Omung Kumar|Legend Studios]]<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''[[Chef (2017 film)|Chef]]'' || [[Saif Ali Khan]] || Co-production with Abundantia Entertainment, Bandra West Pictures<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''Star Gold Mumbai Special 6 3D: The Cycle Competition 3 At Wankhede Stadium And The Wonder Of Verma Once Again'' || [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Sunny Deol]], [[Soha Ali Khan]], [[Shivam Patil]], [[Aanchal Munjal]], Rishabh Arora, [[Narendra Jha]], Diana Khan, Kaushal Kapoor, [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Himansh Kohli]], [[Ruhanika Dhawan]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Sachin Khedekar]] || Co Produced With Ajay Kapoor, [[Sunil Lulla]] and Produced By [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]]<br />
|-<br />
|2017 || ''[[Tumhari Sulu]]'' ||[[Vidya Balan]] ||Co-production with Ellipsis Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|2018 ||''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety (film)|Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'' || [[Kartik Aaryan]], [[Nushrat Bharucha]], [[Sunny Singh Nijjar|Sunny Singh]] || Co-production with [[Luv Ranjan|Luv Films]]<br />
|-<br />
|2018 || ''The Grihapravesh Pooja At 25 March 2018'' || The Voice Of [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]] In My [[Family]]|| Co Production with Ajay Kapoor, [[Sunil Lulla]] And Produced By [[Dharmendra]], [[Sunny Deol]] in [[Vijayta Films]] And Presented By [[Gulshan Kumar]] From [[Eros International]]<br />
|-<br />
|2018 || ''[[Hate Story 4]]'' || [[Urvashi Rautela]], [[Vivan Bhatena]], [[Ihana Dhillon]], [[Karan Wahi]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2018 ||''[[Raid (2018 film)|Raid]]''|| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]], [[Saurabh Shukla]] || Co-production with [[Panorama Studios]]<br />
|-<br />
|2018 ||''[[Blackmail (2018 film)|Blackmail]]'' || [[Irrfan Khan]], [[Kirti Kulhari]] || Co-production with [[Abhinay Deo|RDP Motion Pictures]]<br />
|-<br />
|2018 || ''[[Fanney Khan]]'' || [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Aishwarya Rai]], [[Rajkummar Rao]] ||Co-production with [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] Pictures, [[Anil Kapoor]] Films & Communication Network.<br />
|-<br />
|2018 ||''[[Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]'' || [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Manoj Bajpayee]], Aisha Sharma, [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] || Co-production with [[Emmay Entertainment]]<br />
|-<br />
|2018 ||''[[Batti Gul Meter Chalu]]'' || [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Shraddha Kapoor]], [[Yami Gautam]] || Co-production with Kriti Pictures<br />
|-<br />
|2019 ||''[[Why Cheat India]]'' || [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Shreya Dhanwanthary]] || Co-production with [[Emraan Hashmi]] Films, Ellipsis Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[De De Pyaar De]]'' || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Jimmy Sheirgill]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]] || Co-production with [[Luv Films]]<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Bharat (film)|Bharat]]'' || [[Salman Khan]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Disha Patani]] || Co-Production with [[Salman Khan Films]], Reel Life Productions<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Kabir Singh]]'' || [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Kiara Advani]] || Co-production with Cine1 Studios<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Malaal (film)|Malaal]]''|| Meezaan Jaffery, Sharmin Segal || Co-Production with Bhansali Productions<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Arjun Patiala]]'' ||[[Kriti Sanon]], [[Diljit Dosanjh]], [[Varun Sharma]]|| Co-Production with Maddock Films<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]'' || [[Sonakshi Sinha]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]], [[Varun Sharma]], [[Annu Kapoor]] || Co-Production with Sundial Productions<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Batla House]]'' || [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Mrunal Thakur]] ||Co-production with [[John Abraham (actor)|JA Entertainment]], [[Emmay Entertainment]]<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Saaho]]'' || [[Prabhas]], [[Shraddha Kapoor]] || Co-Production with [[UV Creations]]; Trilingual film (Hindi, Tamil, and Telugu)<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Section 375]]'' || [[Akshaye Khanna]], [[Richa Chaddha]], [[Rahul Bhat]], [[Meera Chopra]] || Co-production with [[Panorama Studios]]<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Daaka]]'' || [[Gippy Grewal]], [[Zarine Khan]] || Co-production with Humble Motion Pictures.[[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi Film]]<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Satellite Shankar]]'' || [[Sooraj Pancholi]], [[Megha Akash]] || Co-Production with Cine1 Studios<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Marjaavaan]]'' || [[Siddharth Malhotra]], [[Ritesh Deshmukh]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Tara Sutaria]] ||Co-production with [[Emmay Entertainment]]<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Pagalpanti (2019 film)|Pagalpanti]]'' || [[Anil Kapoor]], [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]], [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Pulkit Samrat]], [[Kriti Kharbanda]], [[Urvashi Rautela]], [[Saurabh Shukla]] ||Co-production with [[Panorama Studios]]<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]'' || [[Kartik Aaryan]], [[Bhumi Pednekar]], [[Ananya Panday]] || Co-production with B.R. Studios<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 2020s ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Actors<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" |''[[Tanhaji]]'' || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Kajol]], [[Sharad Kelkar]] || Co-production with [[Ajay Devgn FFilms]]<br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" | ''[[Jai Mummy Di]]'' || [[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]], [[Sonnalli Seygall]], [[Supriya Pathak]], [[Poonam Dhillon]] || Co-Production with [[Luv Films]]<br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" |''[[Street Dancer 3D]]'' ||[[Varun Dhawan]], [[Shraddha Kapoor]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Nora Fatehi]] || Co-Production with Remo D'Souza Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|2020 || scope="row" |''[[Malang (film)|Malang]]'' ||[[Anil Kapoor]], [[Aditya Roy Kapur]], [[Disha Patani]], [[Kunal Khemu]] || Co-production with [[Luv Films]] and Northern Lights Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" |''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]'' || [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Jitendra Kumar]], [[Gajraj Rao]], [[Neena Gupta]] || Co-Production with [[Colour Yellow Productions]]<br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" |''[[Thappad]]'' || [[Taapsee Pannu]], Pavail Gulati || Co-Production with Benaras Media Works<br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" |''[[Ludo (film)|Ludo]]'' || [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Fatima Sana Shaikh]], [[Aditya Roy Kapur]], [[Sanya Malhotra]], [[Pankaj Tripathi]], [[Rohit Suresh Saraf]], [[Pearle Maaney]], Inayat Verma. || Co-Production with Anurag Basu Productions;<br />Release on [[Netflix]].<br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" | ''[[Chhalaang]]'' || [[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Nushrat Bharucha]] || Co-Production with [[Luv Films]], [[Ajay Devgn FFilms]];<br />Release on [[Amazon Prime Video]] <br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" | ''[[Durgamati]]'' || [[Bhumi Pednekar]], [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Mahie Gill]] || Co-Production with Abundantia Entertainment, Cape of Good Films;<br />Release on [[Amazon Prime Video]] <br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||scope="row" | ''[[Indoo Ki Jawani]]'' || [[Kiara Advani]], [[Aditya Seal]], [[Mallika Dua]] || Co-Production with [[Emmay Entertainment]], Electric Apples<br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" | ''[[Madam Chief Minister]]'' || [[Richa Chadda]], [[Manav Kaul]], [[Akshay Oberoi]], [[Saurabh Shukla]] || Co-Production with Kangra Talkies Production<br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" | ''Tuesdays and Fridays'' || Anmol Dhillon, [[Jhataleka Malhotra]], [[Zoa Morani]], [[Reem Sheikh]], [[Parmeet Sethi]] || Co-production with [[Bhansali Productions]]<br />
|-<br />
|2021 || scope=''raw'' | ''[[Mumbai Saga]]'' || [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Prateik Babbar]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Rohit Roy]], [[Amole Gupte]] || Co-production with White Feather Films<br />
|-<br />
|2021 || scope="row" | ''[[Saina (film)|Saina]]'' || [[Parineeti Chopra]] || Co-Production with Front Foot Pictures<br />
|- <br />
|2021 || scope="row" | ''[[Koi Jaane Na]]'' || [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]], [[Amyra Dastur]] || Co-Production with Amin Hajee Film Company<br />
|-<br />
|2021 || scope="row" | [[Sardar Ka Grandson]] || [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Neena Gupta]] || Co-Production with [[Emmay Entertainment]] and JA Entertainment;<br />Released on [[Netflix]] <br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" |''[[Sherni (2021 film)|Sherni]]'' || [[Vidya Balan]] || Co-production with Abundantia Entertainment;<br />Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]<br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" |''[[Haseen Dillruba]]'' || [[Taapsee Pannu]], [[Vikrant Massey]], [[Harshvardhan Rane]] || Co-production with [[Colour Yellow Productions]] and [[Eros International]];<br />Released on [[Netflix]]<br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" | ''[[Bhuj: The Pride of India]]'' || [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Sonakshi Sinha]], [[Nora Fatehi]], [[Ammy Virk]], [[Pranitha Subhash]] || Co-Production with [[Ajay Devgn FFilms]] and Select Media Holdings LLP;<br />Released on [[Disney+Hotstar]]<br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"|''[[Jhund (film)|Jhund]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} || [[Amitabh Bachchan]] || Co-production with Tandav Films Entertainment Pvt.Ltd, Aatpat Films;<br />Releasing on 18 June 2021<ref>{{cite web |title= Amitabh Bachchan starrer Jhund directed by Nagraj Manjule to release in theatres on June 18, 2021|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-starrer-jhund-directed-nagraj-manjule-release-theatres-june-18-2021|date=19 February 2021|website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"|''[[Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
|[[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Vaani Kapoor]]<br />
|Co-Production with Guy in the Sky Pictures;<br />Releasing on 9 July 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title= Abhishek Kapoor's Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui starring Ayushmann Khurrana and Vaani Kapoor to release on July 9, 2021|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/abhishek-kapoors-chandigarh-kare-aashiqui-starring-ayushmann-khurrana-vaani-kapoor-to-release-july-9-2021|date=19 February 2021|website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"|''[[Radhe Shyam]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
|[[Prabhas]], [[Pooja Hegde]]<br />
|Co-Production with [[UV Creations]]; Bilingual film (Telugu and Hindi)<br />Releasing on 30 July 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prabhas and Pooja Hegde starrer Radhe Shyam teaser out; film to release on July 30 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/prabhas-and-pooja-hegde-starrer-radhe-shyam-teaser-out-film-to-release-on-july-30/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;" | ''[[Atrangi Re]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} ||[[Akshay Kumar]], [[Dhanush]], [[Sara Ali Khan]] || Co-Production with [[Colour Yellow Productions]], Cape of Good Films;<br />Released on 6 August 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aanand L Rai's Atrangi Re starring Akshay Kumar, Sara Ali Khan and Dhanush to release on August 6, 2021|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/aanand-l-rais-atrangi-re-starring-akshay-kumar-sara-ali-khan-dhanush-release-august-6-2021|date=19 February 2021|website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| ''[[Anek]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} || [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] || Co-Production with Benaras Mediaworks;<br />Released on 17 September 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ayushmann-khurrana-starrer-anek-directed-anubhav-sinha-release-september-17-2021|title=Ayushmann Khurrana starrer Anek directed by Anubhav Sinha to release on September 17, 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=22 February 2021|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021 ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} || [[Kartik Aaryan]], [[Kiara Advani]] || Co-Production with Cine1 Studios;<br />Releasing on 19 November 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anees Bazmee's Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 starring Kartik Aaryan and Kiara Advani to release on November 19, 2021|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/anees-bazmees-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-starring-kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-release-november-19-2021|date=22 February 2021|website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"|''[[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
|[[Ranveer Singh]], [[Pooja Hegde]], [[Jacqueline Fernandez]]<br />
|Co-Production with [[Reliance Entertainment]], Rohit Shetty Picturez;<br />Releasing on 31 December 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ranveer Singh starrer Cirkus directed by Rohit Shetty to release on 31 December 2021|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-cirkus-directed-by-rohit-shetty-to-release-on-31-december-2021|date=23 February 2021|website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022 ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;" | ''[[Ek Villain Returns]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
| [[John Abraham]], [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Disha Patani]], [[Tara Sutaria]]|| Co-Production with [[Balaji Motion Pictures]];<br />Released 11 February 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/john-abraham-and-arjun-kapoor-starrer-ek-villain-returns-set-to-release-on-february-11-2022|title=John Abraham and Arjun Kapoor starrer Ek Villain Returns set to release on February 11, 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|date= 12 February 2021|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022 ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| ''Untitled film'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} || [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Shraddha Kapoor]] || Co-Production with [[Luv Ranjan|Luv Films]];<br />Releasing on 25 December 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranbir-kapoor-and-shraddha-kapoors-untitled-next-with-luv-ranjan-to-release-on-march-18-2022|title=Ranbir Kapoor and Shraddha Kapoor's untitled next with Luv Ranjan to release on March 18, 2022|date=19 February 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"|[[Adipurush]]{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
|[[Prabhas]], [[Saif Ali Khan]]<br />
|Co-Production with Retrophiles Production; Bilingual film (Telugu and Hindi)<br />Releasing on 11 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prabhas-and-saif-ali-khan-starrer-adipurush-to-release-on-august-11-2022|title=Prabhas and Saif Ali Khan starrer Adipurush to release on August 11, 2022 |date=19 November 2020|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"|''Animal'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | || [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Bobby Deol]], [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Parineeti Chopra]] || Co-Production with Bhadrakali Pictures Productions and Cine 1 Studios;<br />Releasing on 5 October 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sandeep-reddy-vangas-animal-starring-ranbir-kapoor-parineeti-chopra-dusshera-2022-release|title=Sandeep Reddy Vanga and Bhushan Kumar's Animal starring Ranbir Kapoor, Parineeti Chopra to have Dusshera 2022 release |date=1 March 2021|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|TBA ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"|''[[Satyameva Jayate 2]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} || [[John Abraham]], [[Divya Khosla Kumar]] || Co-Production with [[Emmay Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.mid-day.com/articles/john-abraham-starrer-satyameva-jayate-2-to-release-on-eid-2021/23002241|title=John Abraham-starrer Satyameva Jayate 2 to release on Eid 2021|newspaper=Mid Day|date=21 September 2020|access-date=21 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|TBA ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| ''[[Shiddat]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} || [[Diana Penty]], Sunny Kaushal, [[Radhika Madan]], [[Mohit Raina]] || Co-Production with Maddock Films.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=taran_adarsh |number=1128861293056626688 |date=15 May 2019 |title=CONFIRMED... Sunny Kaushal, Radhika Madan, Mohit Raina and Diana Penty in #Shiddat... Directed by Kunal Deshmukh... Written by Shridhar Raghavan and Dheeraj Rattan... Produced by Dinesh Vijan and Bhushan Kumar... Official announcement |accessdate=16 May 2019}}</ref><ref><!-- {{cite tweet |user=MaddockFilms |number=1128874731787001856 |date=N.D. |title=Unknown }}-->{{cite web|url= https://twitter.com/MaddockFilms/status/1128874731787001856|title=Maddock Films on Twitter|access-date=16 May 2019}}{{dead link|date=November 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|TBA ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| ''[[Ezra (2020 film)|Ezra]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} || [[Emraan Hashmi]] ||<ref>{{cite tweet |user=taran_adarsh |number=1151753014106980352 |date=18 July 2019 |title=Emraan Hashmi starts shooting of supernatural thriller #Ezra in #Mauritius... Remake of #Malayalam film #Ezra... Directed by Jay Krishnan [he directed the original]... Produced by Bhushan Kumar, Kumar Mangat Pathak, Krishan Kumar and Abhishek Pathak. |accessdate=18 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804062115/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1151753014106980352 |archive-date=4 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=TSeries |number=1151760192612081664 |date=18 July 2019 |title=Our next project, #Ezra starring @emraanhashmi begins in Mauritius. Day one Mahurat shot of #Ezra.🎬 Directed by #JayKrishnan. @itsBhushanKumar @KumarMangat @AbhishekPathakk #KrishanKumar @PanoramaMovies #AmairaFilmsProductionLtd |accessdate=18 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812053320/https://twitter.com/TSeries/status/1151760192612081664 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|TBA ||scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| ''Dahi Cheeni'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} || [[R. Madhavan]], Khushali Kumar ||<ref>{{cite tweet |user=taran_adarsh |number=1150973353361989633 |date=15 July 2019 |title=IT'S OFFICIAL... Khushali Kumar to make her acting debut opposite R Madhavan... The slice of life film is titled #DahiCheeni... Directed by debutant Ashwin Neal Mani... Starts Aug 2019. |accessdate=19 July 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825062731/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1150973353361989633 |archive-date=25 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=TSeries |number=1151019787281035264 |date=15 July 2019 |title=Logon ka kehna hai, har shubh kaam ki shuruvat #DahiCheeni kha kar karni chaiye! Here's announcing @KhushaliKumar's debut film with @ActorMadhavan, directed by @GoodGunAshwin! #SudeshKumari #KrishanKumar @ItsBhushanKumar |accessdate=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806141732/https://twitter.com/TSeries/status/1151019787281035264 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|TBA<br />
|scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"|''[[Chhorii]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
|[[Nushrat Bharucha]]<br />
|Co-Production with [[Crypt TV]], Abundantia Entertainment<ref>{{cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2020/11/eli-rot-crypt-tv-abundantia-hindi-horror-chhori-1234621719|title=Eli Roth's Crypt TV & India's Abundantia Finalize Cast & Roll Cameras On Hindi Horror 'Chhori'|work=Deadline.com|date=25 November 2020|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| TBA<br />
|scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| ''[[Thank God (film)|Thank God]]''{{Dagger}}<br />
| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Sidharth Malhotra]] and [[Rakul Preet Singh]]<br />
| Filming<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/ajay-devgn-sidharth-malhotra-starrer-thank-god-goes-floor|title=Ajay Devgn and Sidharth Malhotra starrer Thank God goes on floor|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=21 January 2021|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack discography ==<br />
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|<br />
{{Expand section|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2019}}<br />
}}<br />
This is a list of [[soundtrack album]]s that were published under the T-Series label, excluding films that were also produced by T-Series (see ''[[#Production filmography|Production filmography]]'' above).<br />
<br />
=== Hindi cinema ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
|-<br />
| 1984<br />
| ''Lallu Ram''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988<br />
| ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1989<br />
| ''[[Tridev]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1990<br />
| ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]''<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| ''[[Appu Raja]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1991<br />
| ''[[Sadak]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
| ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (unofficial)<ref name="rediff"/><br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]] (dubbed version)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1999<br />
| ''[[Sirf Tum]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Vaastav: The Reality]]''<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]] ''<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]''<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|''[[Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2003<br />
| ''[[Tere Naam]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jism 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Saaya (2003 film)|Saaya]]''<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|''[[Main Hoon Na]]''<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|''[[Swades]]''<br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
|''[[Home Delivery|Home Delivery: Aapko... Ghar Tak]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2006<br />
| ''[[Krrish]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pyaar Ke Side Effects]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jaan-E-Mann]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2007<br />
|''[[Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Om Shanti Om]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Heyy Babyy]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Return of Hanuman]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2008<br />
| ''[[Yuvvraaj]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Golmaal Returns]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[3 Idiots]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2010<br />
| ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Break Ke Baad]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Golmaal 3]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" |2011<br />
|''[[Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ra.One (soundtrack)|Ra.One]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|Dum Maaro Dum]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (soundtrack)|Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Desi Boyz]]''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rockstar (2011 film)|''Rockstar'']]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" | 2012<br />
| ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Housefull 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jodi Breakers]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dangerous Ishhq]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bol Bachchan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2013<br />
|''[[Ishkq in Paris]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Krrish 3]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chennai Express]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chashme Baddoor (2013 film)|Chashme Baddoor]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |2014<br />
|''[[Yaariyan (2014 film)|Yaariyan]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Shaadi Ke Side Effects]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ragini MMS 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Heropanti]]''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Main Tera Hero]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Fugly (film)|Fugly]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[PK (film)|PK]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2015<br />
| ''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2016<br />
| ''[[Baaghi (2016 film)|Baaghi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Dishoom]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mohenjo Daro (film)|Mohenjo Daro]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2017<br />
| ''[[Kaabil]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Machine (2017 film)|Machine]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Golmaal Again]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Judwaa 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Mubarakan]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Lucknow Central]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" |2018<br />
|''[[Phir Se...]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Nanu Ki Jaanu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nawabzaade]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Baaghi 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Badhaai Ho]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[FryDay]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[The Dark Side of Life: Mumbai City]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Loveyatri]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Simmba]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2019<br />
|''[[72 Hours: Martyr Who Never Died]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Amavas]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Luka Chuppi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Notebook (2019 film)|Notebook]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Junglee (2019 film)|Junglee]]''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Malayalam cinema===<br />
T-Series collaborated with [[Lahari Music]].<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Mamangam (2019 film)|Mamangam]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Tamil cinema ===<br />
T-Series collaborated with [[Lahari Music]], [[Big Music]] and other prominent labels.<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 || ''Nanban''<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Uyire Unakkaga]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Aayiram Pookkal Malarattum]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Mannukkul Vairam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''Vaira Vizha''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Poo Mazhai Pozhiyuthu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Raja Mariyadhai]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Velicham]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Ananda Aradhanai]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Poo Poova Poothirukku]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''Yettikku Potti''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Oru Thayin Sabhatham]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Aankalai Nambathey]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Kizhakku Africavil Sheela]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''Mangai Oru Gangai''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Parisam Pottachu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''[[Kavithai Paada Neramillai]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || ''Pombala Manasu''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''[[Kan Simittum Neram]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''[[Kunguma Kodu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''[[En Thangai Kalyani]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''Ovvoru Poovukkum Oru Vaasam''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''Aathi Thalam''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''Oorai Therinjukitten''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || ''[[Uzhaithu Vaazha Vendum]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1989 || ''[[Solaikuyil]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1989 || ''Rasathi Kalyanam''<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || ''Enakkoru Neethi''<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 || ''[[Nanbargal]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || ''[[Amaravathi (1993 film)|Amaravathi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || ''[[Devathai]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || ''[[Ratchagan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2000 || ''[[Kadhal Rojave]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''[[Kireedam (2007 film)|Kireedam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''[[Marudhamalai]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''[[Kattradhu Thamizh]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''[[Thavam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''Vilaiyattu''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''[[Kannamoochi Yenada]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''[[Machakaaran]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Sila Nerangalil]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Chakkara Viyugam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Sandai]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Uliyin Osai]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Kuselan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Poi Solla Porom]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[Saguni]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[Naan (2012 film)|Naan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[Pandi Oliperukki Nilayam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[Alex Pandian]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[David (2013 Tamil film)|David]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''Therodum Veedhiyile''<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Sagaptham]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Sakalakala Vallavan (2015 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Masala Padam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Inji Iduppazhagi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Irudhi Suttru]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Oru Nodiyil]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Kalam (film)|Kalam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Idhu Namma Aalu (2016 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Raja Manthiri]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Thodari]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Meen Kuzhambum Mann Paanaiyum]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''Virugam''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''Kadhali Kanavillai''<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Bairavaa]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Bruce Lee (2016 film)|Bruce Lee]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Baahubali: The Conclusion]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Dhayam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Yaar Ivan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Aval (2017 film)|Aval]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Ulkuthu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Vishwaroopam II]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Kee (film)|Kee]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Kaatrin Mozhi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Thittam Poattu Thirudura Kootam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Viswasam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Ayogya (2019 film)|Ayogya]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Kee (film)|Kee]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Thittam Poattu Thirudura Kootam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Capmaari]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Hero (2019 Tamil film)|Hero]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Thambi (2019 film)|Thambi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''[[Pattas]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''[[Ka Pae Ranasingam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''[[Laabam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''Dikkilona''<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''Chakra''<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''[[Friendship (2020 film)|Friendship]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''[[Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Telugu cinema ===<br />
T-Series collaborated with [[Lahari Music]].<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Film <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | 1987 || ''[[Majnu (1987 film)|Majnu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Premaloka]]m'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Swayamkrushi]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chakravarthy (1987 film)|Chakravarthy]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Srinivasa Kalyanam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Trimurtulu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1988 || ''[[Muthyamantha Muddu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''Brahmarshi Vishwamitra'' <br />
|-<br />
| 1989 || ''[[Apoorva Sagodharargal (1989 film)|Vichitra Sodarulu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 1990 || ''[[Lorry Driver (film)|Lorry Driver]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Muddula Menalludu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Nari Nari Naduma Murari]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Shanti Kranti (1991 Telugu film)|Shanthi Kranthi]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 1991 || ''[[Gang Leader]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Rowdy Alludu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jaitra Yatra]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" | 1992 || ''[[Rowdy Inspector]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''Donga Polics''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Gharana Mogudu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]'' (Dubbed version) <br />
|-<br />
|''Chinna Rayudu'' <br />
|-<br />
|''Sundarakanda'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Peddarikam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chembaruthi|Chamanthi]]'' (Dubbed version) <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aapathbandavudu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 1993 || ''[[Mugguru Monagallu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Mechanic Alludu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' (Dubbed versionJ<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 1994 || ''Indhu'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Nippu Ravva]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aswamedham]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''Abbayigaru'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="18" | 1995 || ''[[Antham]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Brahma (1994 film)|Brahma]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Gaayam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Nippu Ravva]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Allari Alludu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''Seetharathnam Gari Abbayi'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Muta Mestri]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Rowdy Gaari Pellam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bangaru Bullodu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kondapalli Raja]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pokiri Raja]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kshana Kshanam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kadhalan|Premikudu]]'' (Dubbed version) <br />
|-<br />
|''Money'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Indira (film)|Indira]]'' (Dubbed version) <br />
|-<br />
|''Orey Rikshaw'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Allari Mogudu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 1996 || ''[[Bombay Priyudu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pelli Sandadi]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Hitler (1996 film)|Hitler]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Mr. Romeo]]'' (Dubbed version) <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1997 || ''[[Gokulamlo Seetha]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Master (1997 film)|Master]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1998 || ''[[Tholi Prema (1998 film)|Tholi Prema]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''Sriramulayya'' <br />
|-<br />
| 1999 || ''[[Monisha En Monalisa|Hallo My Dear Monishaa]]'' (Dubbed version)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2009 || ''Vengamamba'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Billa (2009 film)|Billa]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[1: Nenokkadine|1:Nenokkadine]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 2014 || ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Race Gurram]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''Premalo ABC'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aagadu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Joru]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" | 2015 || ''[[Gopala Gopala (2015 film)|Gopala Gopala]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Dohchay]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Rudramadevi (film)|Rudramadevi]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Lion (2015 film)|Lion]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Asura (2015 film)|Asura]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Akhil (film)|Akhil]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Size Zero (film)|Size Zero]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" | 2016 || ''[[Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Sarrainodu]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''Chuttalabbayi''<br />
|-<br />
|''Parvathipuram'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Majnu (2016 film)|Majnu]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Attack (2016 film)|Attack]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Guntur Talkies]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Srirastu Subhamastu]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jaguar (2016 film)|Jaguar]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Hyper (2016 film)|Hyper]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" | 2017 || ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Gautamiputra Satakarni (film)|Gautamiputra Satakarni]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Guru (2017 film)|Guru]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Om Namo Venkatesaya]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Veedevadu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''Poraatam'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bairavaa|Agent Bhairavaa]]'' (Dubbed version) <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 2018 || ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bharat Ane Nenu]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Krishnarjuna Yudham]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Savyasachi (2018 film)|Savyasachi]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Amar Akbar Antony (2018 film)|Amar Akbar Antony]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |2019<br />
|''[[Vinaya Vidheya Rama]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Sita (2019 film)|Sita]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Dear Comrade]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Arjun Suravaram]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2020<br />
|''[[Sarileru Neekevvaru]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Disco Raja]]''<br />
|-<br />
|''[[30 Rojullo Preminchadam Ela]]''<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''[[Red (2020 film)|Red]]''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== International ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Slumdog Millionaire: Music from the Motion Picture]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[PewDiePie vs T-Series]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Reflist|group=Note}}<br />
{{notefoot}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{official website|http://www.tseries.com/ Super Cassettes Industries Limited (T-Series)}}<br />
* [[imdbcompany:0145724|Super Cassettes Industries Limited (T-Series)]] at ''[[Internet Movie Database]]''<br />
* {{YouTube|u=tseries|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}|suffix='}}<br />
* [https://www.dailymotion.com/Tseries T-Series' channel] on [[Dailymotion]]<br />
<br />
{{T-Series}}<br />
{{Most popular social media accounts}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:T-Series (company)| ]]<br />
[[Category:Record label distributors]]<br />
[[Category:Record labels established in 1971]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1983]]<br />
[[Category:Film production companies of Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Film production companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Film distributors of India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian music record labels]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:YouTube channels launched in 2006]]<br />
[[Category:Music-related YouTube channels]]<br />
[[Category:Number-one YouTube channels in subscribers]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kylian_Mbapp%C3%A9&diff=139227Kylian Mbappé2021-08-26T10:34:36Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|French association football player}} {{pp-blp|small=yes}} {{EngvarB|date=August 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox football biography | n..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|French association football player}}<br />
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Kylian Mbappé<br />
| image = 2019-07-17 SG Dynamo Dresden vs. Paris Saint-Germain by Sandro Halank–129 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mbappé with [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] in 2019<br />
| fullname = Kylian Mbappé Lottin<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/kylian-mbappe/ |title=Kylian Mbappé: Profile |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|12|20|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231388/kylian-mbappe |title=Kylian Mbappé: Overview |publisher=ESPN |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=21 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821201159/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231388/kylian-mbappe |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Paris]], France<br />
| height = 1.78 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/kylian-mbappe |title=Kylian Mbappé |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823000309/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/kylian-mbappe |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]<br />
| clubnumber = 7<br />
| youthyears1 = 2004–2013<br />
| youthclubs1 = Bondy<br />
| youthyears2 = 2013–2015<br />
| youthclubs2 = [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]<br />
| years1 = 2015–2016<br />
| clubs1 = [[AS Monaco FC#Reserves|Monaco II]]<br />
| caps1 = 12<br />
| goals1 = 4<br />
| years2 = 2015–2018<br />
| clubs2 = [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]<br />
| caps2 = 41<br />
| goals2 = 16<br />
| years3 = 2017–2018<br />
| clubs3 = → [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (loan)<br />
| caps3 = 27<br />
| goals3 = 13<br />
| years4 = 2018–<br />
| clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]<br />
| caps4 = 83<br />
| goals4 = 79<br />
| nationalyears1 = 2014<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[France national under-17 football team|France U17]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = 2<br />
| nationalgoals1 = 0<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2016<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[France national under-19 football team|France U19]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 11<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 7<br />
| nationalyears3 = 2017–<br />
| nationalteam3 = [[France national football team|France]]<br />
| nationalcaps3 = 48<br />
| nationalgoals3 = 17<br />
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Country|{{fb|FRA}}}}<br />
{{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA World Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|W|[[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 Russia]]|}}<br />
{{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]}}<br />
{{Medal|W|[[2016 UEFA European Under-19 Championship|2016 Germany]]|}}<br />
| club-update = 20 August 2021<br />
| nationalteam-update = 28 June 2021<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kylian Mbappé Lottin''' (born 20 December 1998) is a French professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Ligue 1]] club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] and the [[France national football team|France national team]].<br />
<br />
Mbappé began his senior career with Ligue 1 club [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]], making his professional debut in 2015, aged 16. With them, he won a Ligue 1 title, [[Trophées UNFP du football#Young Player of the Year|Ligue 1 Young Player of the Year]], and the [[Golden Boy (award)|Golden Boy]] award. In 2017, he signed for league rivals Paris Saint-Germain on an initial loan, which was made permanent in 2018 in a [[Transfer (association football)|transfer]] worth €180 million plus add ons, making him both the second-[[List of most expensive association football transfers|most expensive player]] and most expensive teenager.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3388743/psg-trigger-kylian-mbappes-permanent-transfer-from-monaco |title=PSG trigger Kylian Mbappe's permanent transfer from Monaco |publisher=ESPN |date=19 February 2018 |access-date=19 February 2018 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401165055/http://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3388743/psg-trigger-kylian-mbappes-permanent-transfer-from-monaco |url-status=live }}</ref> There, Mbappé won three Ligue 1 titles, three [[Coupe de France]] titles, was named [[Ligue 1 Player of the Year]] twice, and has finished as [[List of Ligue 1 top scorers|Ligue 1 top scorer]] for three consecutive seasons. He is also the [[List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics#All-time top scorers|third-highest goalscorer in the club's history]].<br />
<br />
At international level, Mbappé made his senior debut for France in 2017, at age 18. At the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]], Mbappé became the youngest French player to score at a World Cup, and became the second teenager, after [[Pelé]], to score in a [[List of FIFA World Cup finals|World Cup Final]]. He finished as the joint second-highest goalscorer as France won the tournament, and he received the [[FIFA World Cup awards#Best Young Player Award|Best Young Player]] and [[French Player of the Year]] awards for his performances.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Mbappé was born in [[Paris]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheJoueur58221.html |title=Kylian Mbappé |newspaper=L'Équipe |location=Paris |access-date=23 August 2020 |language=fr |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823000658/https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheJoueur58221.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was raised in [[Bondy]], Seine-Saint-Denis, a commune {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the centre of Paris.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/kylian-mbappe-best-player-world-messi-ronaldo-psg-france-world-cup |title=Ready to take over from Messi and Ronaldo? Why Kylian Mbappe could define the next era of football |first=Julien |last=Laurens |website=FourFourTwo |publisher=Future |date=15 April 2020 |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423200718/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/kylian-mbappe-best-player-world-messi-ronaldo-psg-france-world-cup |url-status=live }}</ref> His father, Wilfried, is from Cameroon, and, as well as being Mbappé's agent, is a football coach, while his mother, Fayza Lamari, is of Algerian origin and is a former [[handball]] player.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-football-fans-cheer-kylian-mbappe-french-player-africa-ties/4470675.html |title=Cameroon Football Fans Cheer for French Player with Ties to Africa |last=Kindzeka |first=Moki Edwin |publisher=Voice of America |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716025253/https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-football-fans-cheer-kylian-mbappe-french-player-africa-ties/4470675.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Youth" /> He has a younger brother, Ethan, who played for PSG's under-12 squad in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brother of PSG star scores on his debut |url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/kylian-mbappes-brother-ethan-scores-for-psg-in-debut-match-id8188670.html |access-date=15 July 2018 |agency=Pulse |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716054110/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/kylian-mbappes-brother-ethan-scores-for-psg-in-debut-match-id8188670.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 December 2016|title=Coupe de la Ligue: Un joueur avec des origines Algériennes marque un triplé|trans-title=Coupe de la Ligue: A player with Algerian origins scores a hat-trick|url=http://dzballon.com/coupe-de-la-ligue-un-joueur-avec-des-origines-algeriennes-marque-un-triple/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329235143/http://dzballon.com/coupe-de-la-ligue-un-joueur-avec-des-origines-algeriennes-marque-un-triple/|archive-date=29 March 2017|access-date=29 March 2017|website=Dzballon}}</ref> Mbappé's adoptive brother, [[Jirès Kembo Ekoko]], is also a professional football player.<ref>{{cite web|last=JDD|first=Le|date=20 December 2015|title=Le jeune monégasque Mbappé sur les traces de Thierry Henry|trans-title=The young Monégasque Mbappé on the steps of Thierry Henry|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Sport/Football/Le-jeune-monegasque-Mbappe-sur-les-traces-de-Thierry-Henry-765033|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701194416/https://www.lejdd.fr/Sport/Football/Le-jeune-monegasque-Mbappe-sur-les-traces-de-Thierry-Henry-765033|archive-date=1 July 2018|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> Growing up, his idol was [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], a player he looked to emulate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3326678/psgs-kylian-mbappe-real-madrids-cristiano-ronaldo-was-childhood-idol |title=PSG's Kylian Mbappe: Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo was childhood 'idol' |last=Garcia |first=Adriana |date=27 December 2017 |publisher=ESPN |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227201337/http://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3326678/psgs-kylian-mbappe-real-madrids-cristiano-ronaldo-was-childhood-idol |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Why Young Kylian Mbappe Spurned Chelsea and Real Madrid |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2758066-why-young-kylian-mbappe-spurned-chelsea-and-real-madrid |access-date=15 July 2018 |website=Bleacher Report |publisher=Turner |archive-date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235948/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2758066-why-young-kylian-mbappe-spurned-chelsea-and-real-madrid |url-status=live }}</ref> As a child, Kylian Mbappé went to a private Catholic school in Bondy, where he was considered academically gifted<ref>{{Cite web|last=Patrelle|first=Jérémy|title=10 trucs que l’on a appris sur Kylian Mbappé dans le docu "Kylian, hors normes" de L’Équipe|url=https://www.gqmagazine.fr/lifestyle/sport/articles/10-trucs-que-lon-a-appris-sur-kylian-mbappe-dans-le-docu-kylian-hors-normes-de-lequipe-enquete/57616|access-date=2021-05-19|website=GQ France|language=fr-FR}}</ref> but extremely unruly.<br />
<br />
==Club career==<br />
===Early career===<br />
{{quote box<br />
| quote = "He had technique and vision in the game that most children just don't have. He's got eyes in the back of his head. He knows how to anticipate where the ball will go. Here, he never played for his proper age group, he always played with older children because there was no point leaving him with kids his own age."<br />
| source = —Atmane Airouche, president of AS Bondy, on Mbappé as a child.<ref name="Youth">{{cite news |title=Kylian Mbappe: How France World Cup star rose to prominence |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44669497 |website=BBC Sport |date=1 July 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703152535/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44669497 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| align = right<br />
| width = 28%<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Mbappé began his career at AS Bondy, coached by his father, Wilfried. Another of his youth coaches at AS Bondy, Antonio Riccardi, stated,<br />
<br />
{{quote|The first time I coached him was when he was six years old. You could tell he was different. Kylian could do much more than the other children. His dribbling was already fantastic and he was much faster than the others. He was the best player I've ever seen in 15 years coaching here. In Paris, there are many talents but I'd never seen a talent like him. He was what we call a 'crack' (the best).<ref>{{cite news |title=Les Bleus au berceau: "J'étais persuadé que Kylian Mbappé passerait à la télé!" |language=fr |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/sports/football/psg/les-bleus-au-berceau-j-etais-persuade-que-kylian-mbappe-passerait-a-la-tele-03-01-2018-7480863.php |agency=Le Parisien |date=3 January 2018 |access-date=14 September 2018 |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203725/http://www.leparisien.fr/sports/football/psg/les-bleus-au-berceau-j-etais-persuade-que-kylian-mbappe-passerait-a-la-tele-03-01-2018-7480863.php |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Eventually, he moved to the [[INF Clairefontaine|Clairefontaine]] academy, putting on a host of impressive performances leading to numerous French clubs, and [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] and [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]], attempting to sign him.<ref name="Youth"/> At the age of 11, Real Madrid invited Mbappé to train with their under-12s and visit the club's facilities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kylian Mbappe joins Paris St-Germain: Why an 18-year-old is worth £166m |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40904612 |access-date=12 December 2020 |agency=BBC}}</ref> At age 14 he travelled to London after an invite from Chelsea, playing a match for their youth team against [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/arsene-wenger-likened-him-thierry-henry-but-who-arsenal-target-kylian-mbappe-a7565971.html |title=Arsene Wenger has likened him to Thierry Henry – but who is Arsenal target Kylian Mbappe? |date=6 February 2017 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=31 May 2017 |archive-date=17 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817084227/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/arsene-wenger-likened-him-thierry-henry-but-who-arsenal-target-kylian-mbappe-a7565971.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He ultimately settled on [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]].<ref name=youthcareer>{{cite news |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/sg/features/kylian-mbappe-monaco-teen-who-might-be-europes-most-wanted-youngster |title=Kylian Mbappe: the Monaco teen who might be Europe's most wanted youngster |website=FourFourTwo |publisher=Future |date=3 September 2016 |access-date=23 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205153728/http://www.fourfourtwo.com/sg/features/kylian-mbappe-monaco-teen-who-might-be-europes-most-wanted-youngster |archive-date=5 February 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Monaco===<br />
====2015–16: Development====<br />
In October 2015, Mbappé was brought in by [[Leonardo Jardim]] to be a mainstay in Monaco's B-team but his level of skill and maturity prompted his promotion to the main squad after just three weeks.<ref>{{Cite news |access-date=2 May 2021 |title=Mbappe: Made in Manchester |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210504204402/https://www.skysports.com/football/story-telling/11095/12292674/kylian-mbappe-back-in-manchester-the-story-of-psg-forwards-first-champions-league-goal-for-monaco-at-the-etihad-stadium |archive-date=4 May 2021 |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/story-telling/11095/12292674/kylian-mbappe-back-in-manchester-the-story-of-psg-forwards-first-champions-league-goal-for-monaco-at-the-etihad-stadium |last=Bate |first=Adam |via=Sky Sports}}</ref> He made his first team debut two months later on 2 December 2015 in a 1–1 [[Ligue 1]] home draw against [[Stade Malherbe Caen|Caen]], replacing [[Fábio Coentrão]] after 88 minutes. He therefore became Monaco's youngest-ever first-team player aged 16 years and 347 days, breaking [[Thierry Henry]]'s record set 21 years previously.<ref name=youthcareer/><ref name=soccerway/><br />
<br />
On 20 February 2016, Mbappé scored his first goal for the club's first team, a stoppage-time goal in a home Ligue 1 3–1 win over [[Troyes AC|Troyes]]; at the age of 17 years and 62 days, he became the youngest first team goalscorer in Monaco's history—once again displacing Henry in the process.<ref>{{cite news |title=European round-up: What you might have missed |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/35623020 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=22 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222125258/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/35623020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kylian Mbappe offered Monaco contract amid Arsenal, Liverpool links |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/2814219/kylian-mbappe-offered-monaco-contract-amid-arsenal-talk |website=ESPN FC |access-date=24 February 2016 |archive-date=27 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227084906/http://www.espnfc.com/story/2814219/kylian-mbappe-offered-monaco-contract-amid-arsenal-talk |url-status=live }}</ref> On 6 March 2016, Mbappé signed his first professional contract, a three-year deal, tying him to Monaco until June 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asmonaco.com/en/article/first-professional-contract-for-kylian-mbappe-70198.html |title=First professional contract for Kylian Mbappé |publisher=AS Monaco FC |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308072349/http://www.asmonaco.com/en/article/first-professional-contract-for-kylian-mbappe-70198.html |archive-date=8 March 2016}}</ref> In an interview with [[CNN]], [[Vadim Vasilyev (businessman)|Vadim Vasilyev]], AS Monaco's vice-president, who played a key role in Mbappé signing his first professional contract with the Ligue 1 club, stated that he knew early on that Mbappé was a "phenomenon."<ref>{{cite news |title=Kylian Mbappe: The 'phenomenon that breathes and sleeps football' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/13/football/kylian-mbappe-vadim-vasilyev-monaco-france-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=14 August 2018 |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814233024/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/13/football/kylian-mbappe-vadim-vasilyev-monaco-france-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
====2016–17: Breakthrough and league title====<br />
[[File:Mbappe.PNG|thumb|upright|Mbappé warming up for [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]] in 2017]]<br />
<br />
Mbappé scored the first [[Hat-trick (association football)|hat-trick]] of his first team career on 14 December 2016 in the 7–0 rout of [[Stade Rennais F.C.|Rennes]] in the [[2016–17 Coupe de la Ligue|Coupe de la Ligue]] round of 16 at the [[Stade Louis II]]<ref name=soccerway/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ligue1.com/coupeLigue/article/monaco-mash-rennes.htm |title=Monaco mash Rennes |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |date=14 December 2016 |access-date=29 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202033647/http://www.ligue1.com/coupeLigue/article/monaco-mash-rennes.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> – the first hat-trick scored by any Monaco player in the competition since [[Sonny Anderson]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2016/12/15/do-reported-arsenal-target-kylian-mbappe-smashes-21-year-old-rec/ |title=Reported Arsenal target Kylian Mbappe smashes 21-year-old record for Monaco |website=HITC Sport |date=15 December 2016 |access-date=29 January 2017 |archive-date=30 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830102011/http://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2016/12/15/do-reported-arsenal-target-kylian-mbappe-smashes-21-year-old-rec/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 11 February 2017, Mbappé scored the first Ligue 1 hat-trick of his career in the 5–0 home win over [[FC Metz|Metz]]; at 18 years and two months he became the youngest player to score a Ligue 1 hat-trick since [[Jérémy Ménez]] did it for [[FC Sochaux-Montbéliard|Sochaux]] back in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/wonderkid-mbappe-nets-hat-trick-as-monaco-march-on.htm |title=Wonderkid Mbappé nets hat-trick as Monaco march on |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |date=11 February 2017 |access-date=16 March 2017 |archive-date=17 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054551/http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/wonderkid-mbappe-nets-hat-trick-as-monaco-march-on.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 21 February, Mbappé scored Monaco's second goal in the 40th minute with a half-volley after receiving [[Fabinho (footballer, born 1993)|Fabinho]]'s long ball over the opponents' back line (it was his first ever [[UEFA Europa League]] or [[UEFA Champions League]] goal and he became the second youngest French scorer in UEFA Champions League history behind [[Karim Benzema]]) in the [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase|UEFA Champions League round of 16 first leg match]] against Manchester City, which Monaco lost 5–3.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/the-new-thierry-henry-how-arsenal-transfer-target-kylian-mbappe-played-for-monaco-vs-man-city-a3472731.html |title='The new Thierry Henry' – how Arsenal transfer target Kylian Mbappe played for Monaco vs Man City |newspaper=London Evening Standard |date=22 February 2017 |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615164714/https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/the-new-thierry-henry-how-arsenal-transfer-target-kylian-mbappe-played-for-monaco-vs-man-city-a3472731.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/2017/02/24/monaco-v-man-city-champions-league-kick-off-time-team-news-and-tv-channel/1487930166558 |title=Monaco vs Manchester City |publisher=Manchester City F.C. |date=24 February 2017 |access-date=16 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316204824/https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/2017/02/24/monaco-v-man-city-champions-league-kick-off-time-team-news-and-tv-channel/1487930166558 |archive-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> On 5 March, Mbappé scored two first-half goals in the 4–0 Ligue 1 home win over [[FC Nantes|Nantes]] to bring his Ligue 1 career tally to ten goals and become the youngest player in the last 30 years to hit the [[Ligue 1]]/Division 1 ten-career-goals mark. His brace against Nantes on 5 March brought up his [[2016–17 AS Monaco FC season|2016–17 season]] tally to nine Ligue 1 goals and five Ligue 1 assists in just 822 minutes of Ligue 1 football.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/monaco-pull-three-points-clear-with-nantes-rout.htm |title=Monaco pull three points clear with Nantes rout |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |date=5 March 2017 |access-date=16 March 2017 |archive-date=17 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054243/http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/monaco-pull-three-points-clear-with-nantes-rout.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 March 2017|title=Monaco, le nouveau record de précocité de Mbappé|trans-title=Monaco, the new record of precocity of Mbappé|url=http://www.goal.com/fr/news/29/ligue-1/2017/03/05/33340212/monaco-le-nouveau-record-de-pr%C3%A9cocit%C3%A9-de-mbapp%C3%A9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327172118/http://www.goal.com/fr/news/29/ligue-1/2017/03/05/33340212/monaco-le-nouveau-record-de-pr%C3%A9cocit%C3%A9-de-mbapp%C3%A9|archive-date=27 March 2017|access-date=16 March 2017|website=Goal.com|publisher=Perform Group|language=fr}}</ref> On 11 March, he scored a goal in the 2–1 Ligue 1 home win against [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] to register his seventh Ligue 1 goal in his last four starts.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/mbappe-and-moutinho-help-monaco-move-clear.htm |title=Mbappé and Moutinho help Monaco move clear |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |date=11 March 2017 |access-date=12 March 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211171127/https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/mbappe-and-moutinho-help-monaco-move-clear.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In the UEFA Champions League round of 16-second leg match at the Stade Louis II on 15 March, he made the score 1–0 for Monaco in the 8th minute by turning home [[Bernardo Silva]]'s low cross from close-range (his 11th goal in his past 11 matches in all competitions) to help Monaco beat Manchester City 3–1 (aggregate score 6–6) and advance to the quarter-finals on the [[away goals rule]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/03/15/monaco-vs-manchester-city-champions-league-watch-live-score/ |title=Monaco 3 Manchester City 1 (agg 6–6): Pep Guardiola's side crash out on away goals as attacking approach backfires |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=15 March 2017 |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-date=2 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002093325/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/03/15/monaco-vs-manchester-city-champions-league-watch-live-score/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the quarter-finals against [[Borussia Dortmund]], Mbappé won a penalty and scored two goals as Monaco won the away leg 3–2.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/apr/12/borussia-dortmund-monaco-champions-league-quarter-final-first-leg-match-report |title=Kylian Mbappe gives Monaco crucial edge against Borussia Dortmund |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 April 2017 |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816230519/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/apr/12/borussia-dortmund-monaco-champions-league-quarter-final-first-leg-match-report |url-status=live }}</ref> In the second leg, Mbappé opened the scoring as Monaco won 3–1 and advanced to the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sbnation.com/platform/amp/soccer/2017/4/19/15361910/monaco-borussia-dortmund-champions-league-2017-final-score-result-recap |title=AS Monaco vs. Borussia Dortmund: Final score 3–1, Kylian Mbappe makes huge Champions League impact |website=SB Nation |date=19 April 2017 |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817023058/https://www.sbnation.com/platform/amp/soccer/2017/4/19/15361910/monaco-borussia-dortmund-champions-league-2017-final-score-result-recap |url-status=live }}</ref> Monaco were eliminated from the Champions League 4–1 on aggregate by [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]], with Mbappé scoring Monaco's lone goal in the second leg.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/802455/Juventus-2-Monaco-1-match-report-Champions-League/amp |title=Juventus 2 – Monaco 1: Mandzukic and Alves fire Italian giants into Champions League final |newspaper=Daily Express |date=10 May 2017 |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816200153/https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/802455/Juventus-2-Monaco-1-match-report-Champions-League/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Mbappé ended the [[2016–17 AS Monaco FC season|2016–17 season]] with 26 goals from 44 matches in all competitions as Monaco won the Ligue 1 title.<ref name="loan">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40715851 |title=Kylian Mbappe: Paris St-Germain sign Monaco forward on loan |website=BBC Sport |date=31 August 2017 |access-date=29 June 2018 |archive-date=31 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531090300/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40715851 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mbappé credited fellow striker at Monaco [[Radamel Falcao]] as a key influence on him throughout the season, giving him the space to express himself, teaching him to be "calm" and "serene" during the game, traits which Mbappé noted he lacked.<ref name=kuper1>{{Cite web |title=Kylian Mbappé is Born to Run |url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/a36530130/kylian-mbappe-is-born-to-run/ |date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210602103825/https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/a36530130/kylian-mbappe-is-born-to-run/ |archive-date=2 June 2021 |work=Esquire |last=Kuper |first=Simon}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Paris Saint-Germain===<br />
====2017–18: World record transfer and treble====<br />
On 31 August 2017, [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] announced the signing of Mbappé from Monaco on [[Loan (sports)|loan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.psg.fr/pro/article/kylian-mbappe-au-paris-saint-germain |title=Kylian Mbappé au Paris Saint-Germain! |trans-title=Kylian Mbappé to Paris Saint-Germain! |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |language=fr |date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904142820/https://www.psg.fr/pro/article/kylian-mbappe-au-paris-saint-germain |archive-date=4 September 2017}}</ref> Part of the tipping point was a convincing speech by then-Paris coach [[Unai Emery]] at the Mbappes' home in the summer, when [[Zidane]] was not guaranteeing the youngster a starting spot at Real Madrid (fresh from their [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|12th Champions League triumph]]) with an attacking trio of Karim Benzema, Gareth Bale, and Cristiano Ronaldo. PSG scout Luis Ferrer told [[Le Parisien]]: "I remember how strong Unai was, how good! He gave his word to Kylian that he would play with him. And he kept his promise. Kylian wasn't quite ready for a Champions League game but Unai had committed, so he played him anyway. "One night I got back to Paris at 10.30pm. When I arrived, I called Antero to give him an update and he was surprised that I hadn't stayed in the south. The next day, at six o'clock, I took the first flight. Two hours later I rang the doorbell of the Mbappés with [[croissant]]s."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/sports/football/psg/transfert-de-mbappe-depart-de-cavani-les-verites-de-luis-ferrer-lancien-recruteur-du-psg-15-05-2021-DAQ6RFVPIBFADP44AZ2V2QXOXI.php|title=Transfert de Mbappé, départ de Cavani... les vérités de Luis Ferrer, l’ancien recruteur du PSG|first1=Par Frédéric|last1=Gouaillard|first2=avec Stéphane Bianchi Le 15 mai 2021|last2=à 06h59|date=15 May 2021|website=leparisien.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/sport/3042139-20210515-sonnais-porte-croissants-8h-luis-ferrer-raconte-comment-psg-recrute-mbappe-2017|title=Luis Ferrer raconte comment le PSG a recruté Mbappé en 2017|website=www.20minutes.fr}}</ref><br />
He explained for Argentine media outlet [[Infobae]]: "We had to work twice as hard as Real Madrid. We went to his house to talk to his parents and sell them our project. We had to do a lot to show him that we really wanted him, that he would be important to us," Ferrer stressed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/deportes/futbol-europeo/2019/03/04/la-historia-jamas-contada-como-convencieron-a-kylian-mbappe-de-rechazar-al-real-madrid-para-fichar-por-psg/|title=La historia jamás contada: cómo convencieron a Kylian Mbappé de rechazar al Real Madrid para fichar por PSG|first=PorJuan Franco Gagliardi4 de Marzo|last=de 2019|website=infobae}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/sport/football/kylian-mbappe/psg-comment-le-club-convaincu-kylian-mbappe-de-signer-malgre-l-intervention-du-real-madrid-et-de-6248168 |title=PSG. Comment le club a convaincu Kylian Mbappé de signer malgré l’intervention du Real Madrid et de Zinédine Zidane |website=ouest-france.fr |language=French |date=5 March 2019 }}</ref><br />
Mbappé wanted to find a prestigious club where he could be sure of a starting place, with the [[World Cup 2018|World Cup]] just a year away. The fee required for a subsequent full transfer was set at a rumoured €145&nbsp;million plus €35&nbsp;million in add-ons, making him the most expensive teenager ever, the most expensive transfer ever within a domestic league, and potentially the [[List of most expensive association football transfers|second most expensive player]] ever, behind teammate [[Neymar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/monaco-star-mbappe-completes-180-million-paris-saint-germain/13k7x4cozao191hcdgpw1kkrrt |title=Monaco Star Mbappe Completes €180 Million Paris Saint-Germain Move |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |date=31 August 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |archive-date=2 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902230237/http://www.goal.com/en/news/monaco-star-mbappe-completes-180-million-paris-saint-germain/13k7x4cozao191hcdgpw1kkrrt |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/psg-signs-kylian-mbappe-cleverly-skirts-financial-fair-play-process-173341772.html |title=PSG signs Kylian Mbappe, and cleverly skirts Financial Fair Play in the process |website=Yahoo Sports |date=31 August 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |archive-date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831224330/https://sports.yahoo.com/psg-signs-kylian-mbappe-cleverly-skirts-financial-fair-play-process-173341772.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Kylian-mbappe-monaco-rejoint-officiellement-le-psg-en-pret-avec-option/829364 |title=Kylian Mbappé (Monaco) rejoint officiellement le PSG en prêt avec option d'achat |trans-title=Kylian Mbappé (Monaco) officially joins PSG on loan with an option to buy |newspaper=L'Équipe |language=fr |date=31 August 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |archive-date=2 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902200634/https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Kylian-mbappe-monaco-rejoint-officiellement-le-psg-en-pret-avec-option/829364 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lci.fr/mercato/mercato-transfert-de-kylian-mbappe-monaco-et-le-psg-ont-trouve-un-accord-pour-180-millions-d-euros-2062532.html |title=Mbappe: Monaco et le PSG trouvent un accord pour 180 millions d'euros |trans-title=Mbappé: Monaco and PSG reached an agreement at 180 million euros |publisher=La Chaîne Info |language=fr |date=28 August 2017 |access-date=8 September 2017 |archive-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901131448/http://www.lci.fr/mercato/mercato-transfert-de-kylian-mbappe-monaco-et-le-psg-ont-trouve-un-accord-pour-180-millions-d-euros-2062532.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was handed the number 29 shirt upon arrival in the French capital.<ref name="PSG number">{{cite web |title=Number 29 for Kylian Mbappé |url=https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/number-29-for-kylian-mbappe |quote=New Paris Saint-Germain striker Kylian Mbappé will wear the number 29 shirt. |access-date=14 September 2017 |date=2 September 2017 |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915023157/https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/number-29-for-kylian-mbappe |archive-date=15 September 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mbappé scored on his debut on 8 September in a 5–1 Ligue 1 win at Metz, in which [[Benoît Assou-Ekotto]] was [[Ejection (sports)|sent off]] for fouling him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41205167 |title=Metz 1–5 Paris Saint Germain |website=BBC Sport |date=8 September 2017 |access-date=10 September 2017 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910050043/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41205167 |url-status=live }}</ref> Four days later, Mbappé recorded his first European goal for ''Les Parisiens'' in a 5–0 [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage|UEFA Champions League group stage]] away defeat of [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/mbappe-creates-champions-league-history-with-goal-for-psg/1fq7caitbaofg1npeqftd4n1e7 |title=Mbappe Creates Champions League History With Goal For Psg Against Celtic |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |date=12 September 2017 |access-date=29 September 2017 |archive-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621070001/http://www.goal.com/en/news/mbappe-creates-champions-league-history-with-goal-for-psg/1fq7caitbaofg1npeqftd4n1e7 |url-status=live }}</ref> He starred in PSG's 3–0 victory over Bayern Munich in the second group game of the Champions League, setting up goals for [[Edinson Cavani]] and Neymar, the latter seeing him taking out a defender with a [[Dummy (football)|feint]] by rolling the ball under his foot.<ref name=LES>{{cite news |title=PSG 3 Bayern Munich 0: Kylian Mbappe, Edinson Cavani and Neymar star in Champions League heavyweight battle |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/psg-3-bayern-munich-0-champions-league-kylian-mbappe-edinson-cavani-neymar-star-a3645456.html |newspaper=London Evening Standard |date=30 September 2017 |access-date=30 September 2017 |archive-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621070344/https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/psg-3-bayern-munich-0-champions-league-kylian-mbappe-edinson-cavani-neymar-star-a3645456.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 6 December, Mbappé scored his 10th Champions League goal in a 3–1 defeat to Bayern Munich and became the youngest player to reach that mark at the age of 18 years and 11 months.<ref name="CL record" >{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-au/news/mbappe-sets-new-champions-league-record-with-goal-against/q1o8gqd0r61m1589eq3okr0cy |title=Mbappe sets new Champions League record with goal against Bayern |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=1 July 2018 |archive-date=1 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701164959/http://www.goal.com/en-au/news/mbappe-sets-new-champions-league-record-with-goal-against/q1o8gqd0r61m1589eq3okr0cy |url-status=live }}</ref> Having won his first league title with the club, on 8 May 2018, Mbappé played as PSG won 2–0 against [[Les Herbiers VF]] to clinch the [[2017–18 Coupe de France]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/43949707 |title=French Cup final – PSG beat Les Herbiers |website=BBC Sport |first=Emlyn |last=Begley |date=8 May 2018 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630151854/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/43949707 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
====2018–19: Ligue 1 Player of the Year====<br />
[[File:2019-07-17 SG Dynamo Dresden vs. Paris Saint-Germain by Sandro Halank–088.jpg|thumb|upright|Mbappé with [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] in 2019]]<br />
<br />
In July 2018, Mbappé was given the number 7 jersey for the [[2018–19 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|upcoming season]] with PSG, taking up the squad number vacated by [[Lucas Moura]].<ref name="number 7">{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Johnson |title=Kylian Mbappe gets No. 7 shirt in new-look Paris Saint-Germain kit |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/blog/the-toe-poke/65/post/3575253/kylian-mbappe-gets-no7-shirt-in-new-look-paris-saint-germain-kit |access-date=27 July 2018 |date=26 July 2018 |publisher=ESPN |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804224034/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/blog/the-toe-poke/65/post/3575253/kylian-mbappe-gets-no7-shirt-in-new-look-paris-saint-germain-kit |url-status=live }}</ref> Sporting the hashtag #K7LIAN, Mbappé stated, "I keep trying to progress on the pitch and I think that, for me, it was the right time to change number. It is something of an affirmation. The No. 7 shirt is a legendary one and many greats have worn it. I hope that I will be able to do this number justice on the pitch."<ref name="number 7"/><br />
<br />
In his first appearance of the season, Mbappé scored twice in the last 10 minutes as PSG won 3–1 against [[En Avant de Guingamp|Guingamp]] in Ligue 1.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mbappe scores twice in Lique 1 return to seal PSG fight-back |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45228476 |access-date=18 August 2018 |website=BBC Sport |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914220400/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45228476 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the following league game, the front three of Mbappé, Cavani and Neymar all scored in a 3–1 win over [[Angers SCO|Angers]] at home, with Mbappé – starting his first game of the season – scoring from a volley and setting up Neymar to score the third.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cavani, Mbappe & Neymar all score as PSG maintain 100% start |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45310948 |access-date=26 August 2018 |website=BBC Sport |archive-date=26 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826195519/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45310948 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 September, he scored and assisted in a 4–2 away win over [[Nîmes Olympique|Nîmes]], but was [[Ejection (sports)#Association football|sent off]] for the first time in his career with a straight red card in injury time, after shoving [[Téji Savanier]] in retaliation for a late challenge from behind, for which Savanier was also sent off.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/mbappe-after-red-card-i-would-do-it-again |title=Mbappe after red card: I would do it again |website=FourFourTwo |publisher=Future |date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=2 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902220623/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/mbappe-after-red-card-i-would-do-it-again |url-status=live }}</ref> Regarding his sending-off, Mbappé told reporters after the match, "If I had the chance to do it over again, I would do the same thing. I will apologise to the supporters and everybody, but I cannot tolerate this sort of thing."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/paris-saint-germain/story/3620504/psgs-kylian-mbappe-doesnt-regret-red-card-i-would-do-the-same-thing?src=com |title=PSG's Kylian Mbappe doesn't regret red card: 'I would do the same thing' |publisher=ESPN |first=Jonathan |last=Johnson |date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=2 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902220725/http://www.espn.com/soccer/paris-saint-germain/story/3620504/psgs-kylian-mbappe-doesnt-regret-red-card-i-would-do-the-same-thing?src=com |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 October, Mbappé scored four goals in just 13 minutes in a 5–0 home victory over [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] and became the youngest player (19 years and 9 months) to score four goals in one game in Ligue 1 over the last 45 seasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/mbappe-breaks-45-year-ligue-1-record-in-psg-rout/d060mjliyvxe1usjx8kja4jrg |title=Mbappe breaks 45-year Ligue 1 record in PSG rout |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008174859/http://www.goal.com/en/news/mbappe-breaks-45-year-ligue-1-record-in-psg-rout/d060mjliyvxe1usjx8kja4jrg |url-status=live }}</ref> On 3 December, Mbappé was the inaugural winner of the [[Kopa Trophy]], which is awarded by ''[[France Football]]'' to the best player in the world under the age of 21.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/dec/03/ballon-dor-ada-hegerberg-twerk-luka-modric |title=Ada Hegerberg: first women's Ballon d'Or marred as winner is asked to twerk |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Ed |last=Aarons |date=4 December 2018 |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023002409/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/dec/03/ballon-dor-ada-hegerberg-twerk-luka-modric |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 19 January 2019, Mbappé was one of two players (the other being Cavani) to score a hat-trick in a 9–0 win over Guingamp, breaking a record PSG set the previous season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46935009 |title=Paris St-Germain 9–0 Guingamp |website=BBC Sport |date=19 January 2019 |access-date=23 January 2019 |archive-date=23 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123224144/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46935009 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 February, he scored a goal in a 2–0 win over [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] at [[Old Trafford]] in the [[2018–19 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] round of 16.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2026849--man-united-vs-paris/ |title=Man. United 0–2 Paris |website=UEFA |date=12 February 2019 }}</ref> On 2 March, he scored twice in a 2–1 away win over Caen to reach his 50th goal with the club.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47417301 |title=Caen 1–2 Paris Saint Germain |website=BBC Sport |date=2 March 2019 |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=25 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425121108/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47417301 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 6 March, PSG lost 3–1 at home against Manchester United, to be knocked out from the Champions League on the away goals rule.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2026859--paris-vs-man-united/?referrer=%2Fuefachampionsleague%2Fseason%3D2019%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000981%2Fmatch%3D2026859%2Findex |title=Paris 1–3 Man. United |website=UEFA |date=6 March 2021 }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 21 April, he scored a hat-trick in a 3–1 win against Monaco, to be his first goals against his former club.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=512061 |title=Mbappe nets hat trick, Neymar returns as PSG beat Monaco on title-clinching day |website=ESPN |date=21 April 2019 }}</ref> PSG finished the season as Ligue 1 champions,<ref name="ligue1history"/> with Mbappé winning the [[Ligue 1 Player of the Year|Player of the Year]] award,<ref name=UNFP /> while also finishing the season as the [[2018–19 Ligue 1#Top goalscorers|top goalscorer]] with 33 goals.<ref name="ligue1history"/><br />
<br />
====2019–20: Back-to-back league top goalscorer====<br />
[[File:2019-07-17 SG Dynamo Dresden vs. Paris Saint-Germain by Sandro Halank–616.jpg|thumb|right|Mbappé playing against Dynamo Dresden in July 2019]]<br />
On 3 August, Mbappé scored in a 2–1 win over Rennes to capture his first title of the 2019–20 season, the [[2019 Trophée des Champions]].<ref name="2019TDC"/> He then scored again in PSG's opening [[2019–20 Ligue 1|Ligue 1]] match of the season, a 3–0 home win over Nîmes on 11 August.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49314946 |title=Paris Saint Germain 3–0 Nîmes |website=BBC Sport |date=11 August 2019 |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812222052/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49314946 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 22 October, he came off the bench and scored a [[perfect hat-trick]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.squawka.com/en/news/kylian-mbappe-perfect-hat-trick-champions-league-manarama-prostate-cancer |title=Kylian Mbappe: PSG forward sets another Champions League record with 'perfect' substitute hat-trick |website=Squawka |publisher=Catena Media |date=23 October 2019 |access-date=19 January 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012023625/https://www.squawka.com/en/kylian-mbappe-perfect-hat-trick-champions-league-manarama-prostate-cancer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in a 5–0 away win over Belgian side [[Club Brugge KV|Club Brugge]] in the [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]]; at the age of 20 years and 306 days, he became the youngest player ever to score at least 15 goals in the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49874401 |title=Club Bruges 0–5 Paris Saint Germain |website=BBC Sport |date=22 October 2019 |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-date=24 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024235415/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49874401 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 1 May 2020, PSG were crowned Ligue 1 champions after the season had been called off amid the [[COVID-19 pandemic in France|COVID-19 pandemic]]; at the time of the League's premature suspension, PSG were in first place, with a twelve–point lead over second–placed [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/30/psg-awarded-ligue-1-title-after-season-stopped-by-coronavirus-crisis |title=PSG awarded Ligue 1 title and two teams are relegated after season is scrapped |newspaper=The Guardian |date=30 April 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613025740/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/30/psg-awarded-ligue-1-title-after-season-stopped-by-coronavirus-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11981197/paris-saint-germain-crowned-ligue-1-champions-after-french-season-called-off |title=Paris Saint-Germain crowned Ligue 1 champions after French season called off |website=Sky Sports |date=1 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701213126/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11981197/paris-saint-germain-crowned-ligue-1-champions-after-french-season-called-off |url-status=live }}</ref> Mbappé finished the 2019–20 season as joint-top scorer in Ligue 1 with 18 goals, along with [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]'s [[Wissam Ben Yedder]]. However, Mbappé was assigned the title of top scorer due to his superior goals per game ratio.<ref name="2019–20 Ligue 1 top scorer"/> On 24 July, in the [[2020 Coupe de France Final]] against [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]], Mbappé was forced off after sustaining an injury following a challenge from [[Loïc Perrin]], who was sent off; PSG won the match 1–0,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2020/07/24/kylian-mbappe-ankle-injury-psg-coupe-de-france-title |title=Mbappe Injury Overshadows PSG's Coupe De France Title |publisher=Sports Illustrated |date=24 July 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801164344/https://www.si.com/soccer/2020/07/24/kylian-mbappe-ankle-injury-psg-coupe-de-france-title |url-status=live }}</ref> although Mbappé was ruled out of the [[2020 Coupe de la Ligue Final]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en/uefa-champions-league/news/psg-forward-mbappe-out-of-champions-league-qu/1512491 |title=PSG forward Mbappe out of Champions League quarter-final against Atalanta |publisher=beIN SPORTS |date=27 July 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731070524/https://www.beinsports.com/en/uefa-champions-league/news/psg-forward-mbappe-out-of-champions-league-qu/1512491 |url-status=live }}</ref> which PSG went on to win, completing a domestic treble.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/mbappe-training-return-boosts-psg-atalanta-quarterfinal/ |title=Mbappe training return boosts PSG for Atalanta quarterfinal |website=www.sportsnet.ca |date=11 August 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829060433/https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/mbappe-training-return-boosts-psg-atalanta-quarterfinal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He returned to action in the Champions League quarter-final against [[Atalanta B.C.|Atalanta]] on 12 August, coming on a substitute, and assisting [[Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting|Choupo-Moting]]'s match–winning goal in injury time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/08/12/football/1597255022_750607.html |title=Atalanta dealt cruelest of exits by PSG late show |publisher=AS.com |date=13 August 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829055041/https://en.as.com/en/2020/08/12/football/1597255022_750607.html |url-status=live }}</ref> PSG eventually lost out in the [[2020 UEFA Champions League Final|Champions League final]] 1–0 to [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] on 23 August.<ref name="CL 2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=573698|title=Bayern Munich beat Paris Saint-Germain to win Champions League|publisher=ESPN|date=23 August 2020|access-date=23 August 2020|archive-date=31 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831175653/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=573698|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2020–21: Third time top scorer ====<br />
Mbappé missed the first three matches of the season after contracting the [[COVID-19]] while playing with the France national team.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dotson|first=Kevin|date=7 September 2020|title=Kylian Mbappe tests positive for Covid-19 while playing with France|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/07/football/kylian-mbappe-covid-test-spt-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910085351/https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/07/football/kylian-mbappe-covid-test-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=10 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref> He returned to action on 20 September 2020 in a 3–0 away win against [[OGC Nice|Nice]], and scored a goal from a penalty kick.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 September 2020|title=Nice 0–3 Paris Saint-Germain|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/54226147|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012023627/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/54226147|archive-date=12 October 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|publisher=BBC|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On 28 October, Mbappé recorded two assists, both for [[Moise Kean]], in a 2–0 [[2020–21 UEFA Champions League group stage|Champions League group stage]] victory against [[İstanbul Başakşehir F.K.|İstanbul Başakşehir]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kean at the double as PSG beat Basaksehir 2-0|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-champions-iba-psg-report-idINKBN27E0OR|date=28 October 2020|access-date=3 November 2020|website=Reuters}}</ref> In doing so, he became the player with the most assists in the competition since the beginning of the [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2017–18 edition]], with his tally adding up to fourteen over the four seasons.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zavala|first=Steve|date=29 October 2020|title=Mbappe Has Recorded the Most Champions League Assists Since 2017|url=https://psgtalk.com/2020/10/mbappe-has-recorded-the-most-champions-league-assists-since-2017/|access-date=3 November 2020|website=PSG Talk}}</ref> In a Ligue 1 match against [[Montpellier HSC|Montpellier]] on 5 December, Mbappé scored his 100th goal for PSG, becoming only the fifth player to achieve the feat for the Parisian club.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/mbappe-reaches-100-goals-for-psg-with-strike-against/36xw7k3xgagd1gf16xb9cc6xn|title=Mbappe reaches 100 goals for PSG with strike against Montpellier|website=Goal.com|last=Keble|first=Alex|date=5 December 2020|access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref> In his side's final Champions League group match, Mbappé scored his first two goals of the European campaign against Başakşehir, as PSG won 5–1 and qualified for the [[2020–21 UEFA Champions League knockout phase|knockout phase]] as group winners.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 December 2020|title=Hat-trick: Neymar Jr's gala performance on the Champions League|url=https://www.neymarjr.com/en/football/hat-trick-neymar-jr-gala-performance-on-the-champions-league|access-date=10 December 2020|website=neymarjr.com}}</ref> He also became the youngest player in Champions League history to reach twenty goals (although this record would then be surpassed later on in the same season by [[Erling Haaland]]).<ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2020|title=PSG star Mbappe overtakes Messi to become youngest player to reach 20 Champions League goals|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/psg-star-mbappe-overtakes-messi-to-become-youngest-player-to/iv3npfnrozd71m9ymtl13900q|access-date=20 December 2020|website=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0266-1199ef3658d5-145c6798f795-1000--haaland-nears-mbappe-record/ |title=Just how good are Kylian Mbappé and Erling Haaland? |website=UEFA.com |date=10 March 2021 |access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 16 February 2021, Mbappé became only the third player, after [[Faustino Asprilla]] and [[Andriy Shevchenko]], to score a [[List of UEFA Champions League hat-tricks|Champions League hat-trick]] against [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]], doing so in PSG's 4–1 round of 16 win at the [[Camp Nou]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2029477--barcelona-vs-paris/postmatch/report/ |title=Barcelona 1-4 Paris: Mbappé hits stunning hat-trick |website=UEFA.com |date=16 February 2021 |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> Mbappé's hat-trick also saw him overtake [[Pauleta]]'s total of 109 goals to become PSG's [[List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics#All-time top scorers|third-highest scorer]], with only [[Edinson Cavani|Cavani]] (200 goals) and [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]] (156 goals) getting more for the club.<ref>{{cite news|title=Champions League hits and misses: Kylian Mbappe puts Lionel Messi in the shade, Liverpool return to form|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12220162/champions-league-hits-and-misses-kylian-mbappe-puts-lionel-messi-in-the-shade-liverpool-return-to-form|access-date=17 February 2021|website=Sky Sports}}</ref> On 27 February, Mbappé scored twice in a 4–0 away win against [[Dijon FCO|Dijon]], becoming the first player to score five braces in the Ligue 1 season.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dijon 0–4 PSG: Mbappe scores twice as PSG beat bottom side|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/56224662|date=27 February 2021|access-date=1 March 2021}}</ref> In the second leg against Barcelona on 10 March, Mbappé scored from the spot in a 1–1 draw at the Parc de Princes, as his side advanced to the quarter-finals 5–2 on aggregate.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 March 2021|title=Paris 1-1 Barcelona (agg: 5-2): Mbappé seals hosts' progress|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2029483--paris-vs-barcelona/postmatch/report/|access-date=13 March 2021|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Mbappé's penalty was his 25th Champions League goal, surpassing opponent [[Lionel Messi]] as the youngest player to reach this milestone, aged 22 years and 80 days. Adding to his hat-trick from the first leg, Mbappé additionally became the first player to score four goals against Barcelona in a single Champions League season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en/amp/news/mbappe-breaks-messi-record-youngest-player-25-champions/18w9p5utul9ax16itdzs62do8e|title=Mbappe breaks Messi record as PSG star becomes youngest player to reach 25 Champions League goals|website=Goal.com|date=10 March 2021|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the first leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Bayern Munich on 7 April, Mbappé scored two goals, helping his team to a 3–2 victory at the [[Allianz Arena]], a first victory for PSG in [[Munich]] since 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|title='I am not here to hide' - PSG star Mbappe delighted with Champions League match-winning double at Bayern Munich {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/i-am-not-here-to-hide-psg-mbappe-bayern-munich/8jqc9ld487x0145a9etxu84bi|access-date=2021-04-10|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> PSG later progressed to the semi-finals to be eventually eliminated from Manchester City, in which he missed the second leg due to a calf injury.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theathletic.com/news/kylian-mbappe-injury-psg-city-latest/ayacruXrNsWB |title=Kylian Mbappe travels with PSG squad ahead of City game amid injury doubts |website=The Athletic |date=3 May 2021 }}</ref> On May 17, Mbappé scored his 40th goal of the season in a 4–0 league win over [[Stade de Reims]], making it his most-prolific season to date and hitting the forty goal mark for the first time in his career.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-16|title=40th goal this season for Mbappé, his career record|url=https://news.in-24.com/sports/soccer/44554.html|access-date=2021-05-26|website=News in 24 Sports English|language=en}}</ref> Three days later, Mbappé scored once and assisted the second in the [[2021 Coupe de France Final|Coupe de France Final]] against his former club Monaco as PSG won 2–0 to claim their first major trophy of the season.<ref>{{Cite news|title=PSG beat Monaco to win French Cup|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/57177755|access-date=2021-05-26}}</ref> He ended the Ligue 1 campaign with 27 goals, to become the top scorer for the third consecutive season but PSG missed out on the league title - it was the first time in Mbappé's career where he did not win Ligue 1 after four consecutive successes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportsmax.tv/index.php/football/international/item/82483-everyone-has-seen-mbappe-challenges-board-to-act-on-psg-s-shortcomings |title=Everyone has seen - Mbappe challenges board to act on PSG's shortcomings |website=sportsmax.tv |date=23 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=Lille end PSG dominance to win Ligue 1 title|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/lille/story/4385476/lille-end-psg-dominance-to-win-ligue-1-title-for-first-time-in-10-years|access-date=2021-05-26|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Mbappé ended the season with the Ligue 1 Player of The Year Award and featured in the Ligue 1 Team of The Season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.as.com/en/2021/05/23/football/1621806897_609271.html |title=Kylian Mbappé gives some clues to his future club |website=AS |date=23 May 2021 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
===Youth career and early senior career===<br />
[[File:Kylian Mbappe celebrating - March 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Mbappé playing for [[France national football team|France]] in March 2018]]<br />
<br />
Mbappé capped a fine debut senior season at Monaco by scoring five times for [[France national under-19 football team|France]] as they won the [[2016 UEFA European Under-19 Championship]], the striker almost single-handedly securing their spot in the final with a sparkling performance in their 3–1 victory against [[Portugal national under-19 football team|Portugal]] in the semi-finals.<ref name=youthcareer/><br />
<br />
Mbappé was called up to the senior [[France national football team|France]] squad for the first time to face [[Luxembourg national football team|Luxembourg]] and [[Spain national football team|Spain]] in March 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/8/main/2017/03/16/33699112/monaco-star-mbappe-given-maiden-france-call-up?ICID=HP_BN_3 |title=Monaco star Mbappé given maiden France call-up |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |date=16 March 2017 |access-date=16 March 2017 |archive-date=17 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054814/http://www.goal.com/en/news/8/main/2017/03/16/33699112/monaco-star-mbappe-given-maiden-france-call-up?ICID=HP_BN_3 |url-status=live }}</ref> He made his debut on 25 March against the former side, coming on for [[Dimitri Payet]] in the 78th minute of a 3–1 [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] away win.<ref name=soccerway/> In doing so, he became the second youngest player ever (only behind [[Maryan Wisniewski]]) to feature for France at 18 years, three months and five days old.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kaveh |last=Solhekol |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11669/10927624/liverpool-interested-in-signing-monacos-kylian-mbappe |title=Liverpool interested in signing Monaco's Kylian Mbappe |date=26 June 2017 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=6 July 2017 |quote=Mbappe became the second youngest player to play for France [behind only Maryan Wisnieski] when he made his debut against Luxembourg in March, aged 18 years, three months and five days old. |archive-date=7 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707131524/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11669/10927624/liverpool-interested-in-signing-monacos-kylian-mbappe |url-status=live }}</ref> On 31 August 2017, Mbappé scored his first senior international goal in a [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group A|2018 World Cup qualification]] match against the [[Netherlands national football team|Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=276483/match=300331903/index.html |title=France v. Netherlands |date=31 August 2017 |publisher=FIFA |access-date=31 August 2017 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213082001/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=276483/match=300331903/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He scored twice against Russia in a friendly in March 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia 1–3 France |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/43549170 |access-date=2 July 2018 |website=BBC Sport |date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=29 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429193608/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/43549170 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
===2018 FIFA World Cup===<br />
On 17 May 2018, Mbappé was called up to the [[2018 FIFA World Cup squads#France|France squad]] for the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]] in Russia.<ref>[https://www.skysports.com/amp/football/news/12025/11376691/alexandre-lacazette-and-anthony-martial-on-standby-for-france-world-cup-squad-and-dimitri-payet-out “France name squad for 2018 World Cup”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704123904/http://www.skysports.com/amp/football/news/12025/11376691/alexandre-lacazette-and-anthony-martial-on-standby-for-france-world-cup-squad-and-dimitri-payet-out |date=4 July 2018 }}. Sky Sports. Retrieved 30 June 2018</ref> On 21 June 2018, he scored his first World Cup goal in France's 1–0 [[2018 FIFA World Cup Group C|Group C]] win over [[Peru national football team|Peru]]. This made him the youngest French goalscorer in World Cup history at age 19.<ref name="fraper">{{cite tweet |user=FIFAWorldCup |number=1009822049995550720 |title=The youngest goalscorer at the #WorldCup for France! @KMbappe with the tap-in to give #FRA the lead! #FRAPER 1–0 |date=21 June 2018}}</ref> On 30 June 2018, he was named [[Player of the match|man of the match]] in a [[2018 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#France vs Argentina|4–3 win]] over [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]], scoring twice and suffering a foul in the box which resulted in [[Antoine Griezmann]] opening the score from a penalty kick.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331537 |title=France 4–3 Argentina |date=30 June 2018 |publisher=FIFA |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630132618/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331537/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mbappé was the second teenager to score two goals in a World Cup match after [[Pelé]] in [[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]].<ref>{{cite news |title=France 4–3 Argentina |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44439354 |website=BBC Sport |date=1 July 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703160605/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44439354 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a post-match press conference, Mbappé stated: "It's flattering to be the second one after Pelé but let's put things into context – Pelé is in another category."<ref name="Pelé 1958">{{cite news |title=Mbappe shakes off Pelé comparisons after stunning brace |url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/world-cup-2018/2018/0630/974415-mbappe-shakes-off-pele-comparisons-after-stunning-brace/ |website=RTÉ Sport |date=1 July 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |archive-date=1 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701193806/https://www.rte.ie/sport/world-cup-2018/2018/0630/974415-mbappe-shakes-off-pele-comparisons-after-stunning-brace/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 15 July, Mbappé scored with a 25-yard strike against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] in the [[2018 FIFA World Cup Final|2018 World Cup Final]], with France winning 4–2.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44754965 |title=France 4–2 Croatia |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=15 July 2018 |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325011256/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44754965 |url-status=live }}</ref> He became the second teenager, after Pelé, to [[List of FIFA World Cup finals goalscorers|score in a World Cup Final]], and with four goals in the tournament he received the [[FIFA World Cup awards#Best Young Player Award|FIFA World Cup Best Young Player Award]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/157-awards-piece-2986294|title=Golden consolation for magical Modric|date=15 July 2018|website=FIFA.com|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref> Pelé congratulated him on social media, and stated "welcome to the club".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/world-cup-2018-france-croatia-pele-kylian-mbappe-welcome-to-the-club-teenage-scorer-goal-video-a8448611.html |title='Welcome to the club' – Pele praises Kylian Mbappe for becoming the second teenager to score in a World Cup final |newspaper=The Independent |last=Twomey |first=Liam |date=15 July 2019 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716153330/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/world-cup-2018-france-croatia-pele-kylian-mbappe-welcome-to-the-club-teenage-scorer-goal-video-a8448611.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Euro 2020 qualifying and 2020–21 UEFA Nations League ===<br />
On 11 June 2019, Mbappé scored his 100th career goal in a 4–0 away win over [[Andorra national football team|Andorra]] in [[UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying|Euro 2020 qualifying]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beinsports.com/us/euro-2020-qualifiers/news/mbappe-scores-100th-career-goal/1215634 |title=Mbappe Scores 100th Career Goal |publisher=beIN Sports |date=11 June 2019 |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110212048/https://www.beinsports.com/us/euro-2020-qualifiers/news/mbappe-scores-100th-career-goal/1215634 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/calcio-estero/2019/06/12-57904455/mbappe_nella_storia_contro_andorra_gol_numero_100_in_carriera/ |title=Mbappé nella storia: contro Andorra gol numero 100 in carriera |trans-title=Mbappé makes history: against Andorra his 100th career goal |website=TuttoSport |language=it |date=12 June 2019 |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803022503/https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/calcio-estero/2019/06/12-57904455/mbappe_nella_storia_contro_andorra_gol_numero_100_in_carriera/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 September 2020, Mbappé scored the only goal for France in a 1–0 [[UEFA Nations League]] win against [[Sweden national football team|Sweden]]. However, two days after the game, he tested positive for [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 September 2020|title=Kylian Mbappe tests positive for Covid-19 while playing with France|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/07/football/kylian-mbappe-covid-test-spt-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908230653/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/07/football/kylian-mbappe-covid-test-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=8 September 2020|access-date=8 September 2020|website=CNN}}</ref> He made his return to play for France in a 7–1 victory against [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]] on 7 October 2020, a match in which he scored a goal and assisted another.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-07|title=Video: Corentin Tolisso great goal after a cheeky assist from Mbappe vs Ukraine!|url=https://wittyfutty.com/2020/10/video-corentin-tolisso-great-goal-after-a-cheeky-assist-from-mbappe-vs-ukraine/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Witty Futty|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Giroud up to second on France goals list|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54366305|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> One week later, he scored the match-winning goal in a 2–1 win against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Croatia vs. France - Football Match Report - October 14, 2020 - ESPN|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=570699|access-date=2020-10-29|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> France topped their Nations League Group and qualified for the [[2021 UEFA Nations League Finals]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=UEFA Nations League - Standings|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefanationsleague/standings/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=UEFA.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== UEFA Euro 2020 ===<br />
{{See also|UEFA Euro 2020}}<br />
UEFA Euro 2020 was postponed for a year because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|Coronavirus crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=2020-03-17|title=Football: Uefa confirms Euro 2020 postponed for a year because of coronavirus crisis|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-euro-2020-postponed-for-a-year-by-uefa-because-of-coronavirus-crisis-says|access-date=2021-07-05|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 18 May 2021, Mbappé was called up for the France squad for [[UEFA Euro 2020]], his second major international tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|author=The Athletic Staff|title=Karim Benzema named in France squad for first time in six years|url=https://theathletic.com/news/benzema-france-euro-2020-squad/ILy40oON8OQr|access-date=2021-05-20|website=The Athletic|language=en}}</ref> On 15 June, Mbappè scored one goal and later assisted one, both of which were later deemed to be offside, in a group stage match against [[Germany national football team|Germany]]. On 28 June, he provided the assist for [[Karim Benzema]]'s first goal in France's match against [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]] in the round of 16. After a 3–3 draw, the game went to a [[penalty shoot-out]]; Mbappé failed to score the decisive fifth penalty, and France were eliminated from the tournament.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Switzerland beat France on penalties|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51198549|date=2021-06-28|access-date=2021-06-28}}</ref> Mbappé failed to score in any of the four games France played in the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57647313 |title=Kylian Mbappe and world champions France's fall from top |website=BBC Sport |date=28 June 2021 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Player profile==<br />
===Style of play and reception===<br />
[[File:Kylian Mbappe 2017.jpg|thumb|upright|Mbappé's movement has been compared to former forwards [[Thierry Henry]] and [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]]]]<br />
<br />
Mbappé has been described by [[Arsène Wenger]] as a "huge football talent" who "has similarities to [[Thierry Henry]]".<ref name=Arsene>{{cite news |url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/762620/Kylian-Mbappe-Arsene-Wenger-Thierry-Henry-Arsenal-Transfer-News-Rumours-Gossip |title=Arsene Wenger confirms bid for French striker |date=3 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily Express |access-date=9 February 2017 |archive-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621093124/https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/762620/Kylian-Mbappe-Arsene-Wenger-Thierry-Henry-Arsenal-Transfer-News-Rumours-Gossip |url-status=live }}</ref> His talent and precocious performances for France at the 2018 World Cup also led him to be compared to Pelé in the media.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/2018/06/24/frances-kylian-mbappe-emerges-as-star-in-world-cup-spotlight.html |title=France's Kylian Mbappe emerges as star in World Cup spotlight |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=John |last=Leicester |date=24 June 2018 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712020617/https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/2018/06/24/frances-kylian-mbappe-emerges-as-star-in-world-cup-spotlight.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A versatile forward, Mbappé often plays as a [[Forward (association football)#Winger|winger]], and is capable of playing on either flank, due to his ability with both feet.<ref name="better than Henry">{{cite web |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/elliott-management-becomes-new-owner-ac-milan/ |title=Monaco teen star Mbappe doing better than Henry at same age |publisher=Sportsnet |date=20 February 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711224544/https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/elliott-management-becomes-new-owner-ac-milan/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/oct/10/france-didier-deschamps-mbappe-lacazette-griezmann |title=Who should play up front for France? It's time for Didier Deschamps to decide |newspaper=The Guardian |first1=Adam |last1=1White |first2=Eric |last2=Devin |date=10 October 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711235330/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/oct/10/france-didier-deschamps-mbappe-lacazette-griezmann |url-status=live }}</ref> He is capable of cutting into the centre onto his stronger right foot from the left wing, and is also capable of creating chances and providing assists for teammates from the right due to his vision.<ref name="wonderkid">{{cite web |url=http://www.squawka.com/en/news/mbappe-v-rashford-v-dembele-which-wonderkid-has-had-the-biggest-impact-so-far-analysis/992850#KuWFV8jCQWxgrEra.97 |title=Mbappe v Rashford v Dembele: Which wonderkid has had the biggest impact so far? |website=Squawka |publisher=Catena Media |first=Muhammad |last=Butt |date=21 September 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711225432/http://www.squawka.com/en/news/mbappe-v-rashford-v-dembele-which-wonderkid-has-had-the-biggest-impact-so-far-analysis/992850#KuWFV8jCQWxgrEra.97 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-20/next-worlds-best-footballer-griezmann-neymar-mbappe-dybala/8456558 |title=Are Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi still the world's best footballers? The players breathing down their necks |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |first=James |last=Maasdorp |date=20 April 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914080858/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-20/next-worlds-best-footballer-griezmann-neymar-mbappe-dybala/8456558 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="going home">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/aug/29/kylian-mbappe-paris-saint-germain-neymar |title=Kylian Mbappé going home to Paris with sights on Neymar partnership |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Igor |last=Mladenovic |date=29 August 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712004746/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/aug/29/kylian-mbappe-paris-saint-germain-neymar |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thescore.com/worldcup/news/1560738 |title=Mbappe emerges as France's key player in victory over Peru |publisher=The Score |first=Anthony |last=Lopopolo |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=4 August 2018 }}</ref> He is also able to play in the [[Forward (association football)#Centre-forward|centre]] as a main [[Forward (association football)#Striker|striker]], due to his composure, clinical finishing, and eye for goal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/kylian-mbapp-transfer-news-monaco-caen-goals-real-madrid-arsenal-interest-a7639651.html |title=Kylian Mbappé determined to stay grounded despite Real Madrid leading the race for his signature |newspaper=The Independent |first=Luke |last=Brown |date=20 March 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716062909/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/kylian-mbapp-transfer-news-monaco-caen-goals-real-madrid-arsenal-interest-a7639651.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/731484/mbappe-havent-played-striker-ages/ |title=Mbappe: I haven't played striker for ages |publisher=foxsportsasia.com |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712033535/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/731484/mbappe-havent-played-striker-ages/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mbappe at 19">{{cite web |url=http://www.beinsports.com/my/ligue-1/news/mbappe-at-19-the-fantastic-french-teenagers-7/740018 |title=Mbappe at 19: The fantastic French teenager's rapid rise |publisher=beIN Sports |date=20 December 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712001650/http://www.beinsports.com/my/ligue-1/news/mbappe-at-19-the-fantastic-french-teenagers-7/740018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="promessa">{{cite web|last=Faltoni|first=Piero|date=11 May 2017|title=Kylian Mbappé, promessa mantenuta|trans-title=Kylian Mbappé, promise kept|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.it/piero-faltoni/kylian-mbappe-promessa-mantenuta_a_22079686/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711224700/https://www.huffingtonpost.it/piero-faltoni/kylian-mbappe-promessa-mantenuta_a_22079686/|archive-date=11 July 2018|access-date=11 July 2018|website=HuffPost|language=it}}</ref> A highly skilful player, Mbappé is also known for his excellent [[Dribbling#Association football|dribbling]] ability, as well as his explosive acceleration, agility, quick feet, and creativity when in possession of the ball, as demonstrated by his use of elaborate feints, such as [[step over]]s, or sudden changes of pace or direction to beat opponents in one on one situations.<ref name="swapping">{{cite web |url=https://www.squawka.com/en/news/how-kylian-mbappes-game-has-changed-since-swapping-monaco-for-psg/1025380#wLgFiQWzAdz60L2c.97 |title=How Kylian Mbappé's game has changed since swapping Monaco for PSG |website=Squawka |publisher=Catena Media |first=Jake |last=Entwistle |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712003147/https://www.squawka.com/en/news/how-kylian-mbappes-game-has-changed-since-swapping-monaco-for-psg/1025380#wLgFiQWzAdz60L2c.97 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="world at his feet">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/world-cup-2018/fixtures-and-results/kylian-mbappe-the-19yearold-with-the-world-at-his-feet-37104947.html |title=Kylian Mbappe: The 19-year-old with the world at his feet |newspaper=Irish Independent |date=11 July 2018 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711225645/https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/world-cup-2018/fixtures-and-results/kylian-mbappe-the-19yearold-with-the-world-at-his-feet-37104947.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2015|title=Sprint, dribbles, feintes: L'action affolante de Mbappé face à Lille|language=fr|trans-title=Sprint, dribbles, feints: The shocking action of Mbappé against Lille|newspaper=Le Figaro|url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/actualites/sprint-dribbles-feintes-l-action-affolante-de-mbappe-face-a-lille-859278|url-status=live|access-date=11 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711230345/http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/actualites/sprint-dribbles-feintes-l-action-affolante-de-mbappe-face-a-lille-859278|archive-date=11 July 2018}}</ref> In spite of his tall lean frame, he is also an athletic player, gifted with physical strength.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/story/juventus-monaco-championsl-league-semifinals-kylian-mbappe-the-sky-is-the-limit-051017 |title=How good is Kylian Mbappe? The teenager just spent 180 minutes torching the best defense in the world |website=Fox Sports |first=Aaron |last=West |date=10 May 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711225412/https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/story/juventus-monaco-championsl-league-semifinals-kylian-mbappe-the-sky-is-the-limit-051017 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to his technical skills, Mbappé is also highly regarded for his outstanding pace and close ball control when dribbling at speed, as well as his excellent movement, tactical intelligence, and ability to beat the defensive line by making attacking runs into space both on and off the ball.<ref name="wonderkid"/><ref name="world at his feet"/> His ability to time his runs enables him to stretch opposing defences, and also make him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.<ref name="wonderkid"/><ref name="world at his feet"/><ref name="platform">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/world-cup-2018-france-vs-argentina-blaise-matuidi-kylian-mbappe-lionel-messi-a8426281.html |title=World Cup 2018: How Blaise Matuidi laid the platform for Kylian Mbappe to put in the performance of the tournament |newspaper=The Independent |first=Michael |last=Cox |date=2 July 2018 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711210700/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/world-cup-2018-france-vs-argentina-blaise-matuidi-kylian-mbappe-lionel-messi-a8426281.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.squawka.com/en/news/petit-mbappe-is-ahead-of-henry-in-terms-of-how-he-uses-the-ball-when-running/926918#msAwIATBSQpfAoqS.97 |title=Mbappe's dribbling skills are superior to Henry's at the same age – Petit |website=Squawka |publisher=Catena Media |first=Jeorge |last=Bird |date=31 March 2017 |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712000203/http://www.squawka.com/en/news/petit-mbappe-is-ahead-of-henry-in-terms-of-how-he-uses-the-ball-when-running/926918#msAwIATBSQpfAoqS.97 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2017, former France international [[Nicolas Anelka]] said that Mbappé's ability to run at defences reminded him of [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]] of the [[Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|1996 Olympics]] and that Mbappé had the characteristics of a world-class player.<ref>[http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/anelka-tells-real-madrid-target-mbappe-be-like-ronaldo-not-me-4178742#XdFSuK2FDHzp3H2i.99 "Anelka tells Real Madrid target Mbappe: Be like Ronaldo, not me"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630185758/http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/anelka-tells-real-madrid-target-mbappe-be-like-ronaldo-not-me-4178742#XdFSuK2FDHzp3H2i.99 |date=30 June 2018 }}. Tribal Football. 24 April 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2018</ref> Mbappé was named the fastest player in the world in a ranking by French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kylian Mbappé the fastest player in the world? |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/04/18/kylian-mbappe-the-fastest-player-in-the-world |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |access-date=5 August 2020 |date=18 April 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803051606/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/04/18/kylian-mbappe-the-fastest-player-in-the-world |url-status=live }}</ref> When [[Stefan de Vrij]], central defender for [[Inter Milan]] and the Netherlands, was asked of his toughest opponent, he placed Mbappé ahead of anyone else, including Mbappé's childhood idol Cristiano Ronaldo.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mbappe, not Ronaldo, the best forward I've faced – De Vrij |date=13 September 2018 |access-date=14 September 2018 |newspaper=Diario AS |url=https://en.as.com/en/2018/09/13/football/1536838496_461256.html |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203533/https://en.as.com/en/2018/09/13/football/1536838496_461256.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, Mbappé was considered the world's most expensive player from a transfer value perspective by the [[International Centre for Sports Studies|CIES]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.football-observatory.com/IMG/sites/b5wp/2018/239/en/ |title=Updated transfer valuations: Mbappé takes the lead |publisher=International Centre for Sports Studies |first1=Raffaele |last1=Poli |first2=Roger |last2=Besson |first3=Loïc |last3=Ravenel |date=5 November 2018 |access-date=5 November 2018 |archive-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218074805/http://www.football-observatory.com/IMG/sites/b5wp/2018/239/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Outside football==<br />
===Personal life===<br />
In a 2018 interview with ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', Mbappé spoke about the sacrifices he made as a teenager to focus on his football development: "I did not have the moments of so-called normal people during adolescence, like going out with friends, enjoying good times." But despite missing out on a "normal" life, Mbappé states he is "living the life he always dreamed of".<ref name="Time">{{cite news |title=Kylian Mbappe: France striker features on Time magazine front cover |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45834258 |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=BBC Sport |archive-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013132136/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45834258 |url-status=live }}</ref> Just over four years after making his professional debut he has over 50 million [[Instagram]] followers.<ref name="Time"/> While he admits his "life has been totally turned upside down" since he first entered the spotlight, he says he is "happy".<ref name="Time"/><br />
<br />
On 25 June 2021, Kylian's brother Ethan signed an "aspiring" contract with Paris Saint-Germain in a deal lasting until 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2021|title=Deux nouveaux contrats aspirants chez les titis parisiens|trans-title=Two new aspiring contracts at the Parisian Titis|url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/content/deux-nouveaux-contrats-aspirants-chez-les-titis-parisiens-formation-paris-saint-germain|access-date=25 June 2021|website=[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.]]|language=fr}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Media and sponsorship===<br />
Mbappé has a sponsorship deal with sportswear and equipment supplier [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]. In 2017, his prodigious talent saw Nike launch his own personalised football boots at age 18, the Kylian Mbappé [[Nike Hypervenom]] 3.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nike Just Gave AS Monaco Sensation Kylian Mbappé His First Pair of Personalised Boots |url=https://www.complex.com/sports/2017/05/nike-kylian-mbappe |agency=Complex |date=29 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630025233/https://www.complex.com/sports/2017/05/nike-kylian-mbappe |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, he unveiled the [[Nike Mercurial Vapor#Mercurial Vapor X & Superfly VI|Nike Mercurial Superfly VI]] boots which were inspired by the R9 Mercurial boots of former Brazilian striker Ronaldo.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kylian Mbappé Just Leaked an Amazing New R9-Inspired Nike Mercurial Superfly VI |url=https://versus.uk.com/2018/04/kylian-mbappe-just-leaked-amazing-new-r9-inspired-nike-mercurial-superfly-vi/ |agency=Versus |date=29 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729011315/https://versus.uk.com/2018/04/kylian-mbappe-just-leaked-amazing-new-r9-inspired-nike-mercurial-superfly-vi/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, Swiss watchmaker [[Hublot]] signed Mbappé as a global ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kylian Mbappe |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/kylian-mbappe/ |website=Forbes |access-date=21 May 2020 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607204224/https://www.forbes.com/profile/kylian-mbappe/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mbappé features in [[EA Sports]]' [[FIFA (video game series)|''FIFA'' video game series]]:<br />
on ''[[FIFA 18]]'' he had the highest potential rating of 94.<ref>[https://www.fifaindex.com/player/231747/kylian-mbappé/ “Kylian Mbappe index”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161533/https://www.fifaindex.com/player/231747/kylian-mbapp%C3%A9/ |date=30 June 2018 }}. FIFA Index.com. Retrieved 29 June 2018</ref> His trademark [[goal celebration]] – posing with his arms folded and hands tucked under his armpits – was inspired by his younger brother Ethan who would celebrate in this manner when beating Kylian at ''FIFA''.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 May 2017|title=Kylian Mbappé, un chambrage avec son frère à l'origine de la célébration de ses buts|language=fr|trans-title=Kylian Mbappé, a banter with his brother at the origin of the celebration of his goals|agency=L'Equipe|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Kylian-mbappe-un-chambrage-avec-son-frere-a-l-origine-de-la-celebration-de-ses-buts/798635|url-status=live|access-date=15 July 2018|archive-date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235827/https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Kylian-mbappe-un-chambrage-avec-son-frere-a-l-origine-de-la-celebration-de-ses-buts/798635}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kylian Mbappe reveals the class reason behind his trademark goal celebration |url=https://www.givemesport.com/1048548-kylian-mbappe-reveals-the-class-reason-behind-his-trademark-goal-celebration |access-date=15 July 2018 |website=GiveMeSport |publisher=Sports New Media |archive-date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235756/https://www.givemesport.com/1048548-kylian-mbappe-reveals-the-class-reason-behind-his-trademark-goal-celebration |url-status=live }}</ref> The celebration appears in ''[[FIFA 19]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=UPDATED FIFA 19 new celebrations and tutorial, ft Cristiano Ronaldo, Paul Pogba and Neymar |url=https://talksport.com/football/418292/fifa-19-new-celebrations-cristiano-ronaldo-paul-pogba-neymar |access-date=11 October 2018 |agency=Talksport |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930035507/https://talksport.com/football/418292/fifa-19-new-celebrations-cristiano-ronaldo-paul-pogba-neymar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mbappé features as the cover star of ''[[FIFA 21]]'', making him the youngest to appear on the cover solo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2020/09/14/the-worlds-highest-paid-soccer-players-2020-messi-wins-mbappe-rises/#7601f0671cff|title=World's Highest-Paid Soccer Players: Messi Wins, Mbappe Rises|magazine=Forbes|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927010615/https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2020/09/14/the-worlds-highest-paid-soccer-players-2020-messi-wins-mbappe-rises/#7601f0671cff|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Philanthropy===<br />
[[File:Kylian Mbappé receives the best young player award at the 2018 Football World Cup Russia.jpg|thumb|right|Mbappé (pictured receiving his FIFA World Cup young player award next to French president [[Emmanuel Macron]]) met with the president in February 2018 to discuss a sports project in Africa]]<br />
On 22 February 2018, Mbappé was joined by two of Africa's greatest strikers, former [[A.C. Milan]] forward and current Liberia President [[George Weah]], and former Chelsea and Ivory Coast forward [[Didier Drogba]], in a meeting with French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] and [[FIFA]] president [[Gianni Infantino]] at the [[Élysée Palace]] in Paris that focused on a sports development project in Africa.<ref>{{Cite news|year=2018|title=Macron reçoit Weah à l'Elysée en présence de Drogba et Mbappé|language=FR|trans-title=Macron hosts Weah at the Elysée in the presence of Drogba and Mbappé|website=Paris Match|url=http://amp.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Macron-recoit-Weah-a-l-Elysee-en-presence-de-Drogba-et-Mbappe-1465295|url-status=live|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605030601/https://amp.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Macron-recoit-Weah-a-l-Elysee-en-presence-de-Drogba-et-Mbappe-1465295|archive-date=5 June 2020}}</ref> Mbappé stated that the development of African sport is important to him due to his parents' African origins.<ref>{{cite news |title=Emmanuel Macron hosts meeting with Weah, Drogba and Mbappé |url=https://en.as.com/en/2018/02/23/football/1519342446_437752.html |access-date=23 August 2018 |newspaper=Diario AS |archive-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824002310/https://en.as.com/en/2018/02/23/football/1519342446_437752.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 28 January 2019, Mbappé donated $34,000 (around £26,000) to a crowdfunding campaign to finance a private search mission to find football player [[Emiliano Sala]], whose light aircraft had [[2019 Piper PA-46 Malibu crash|gone missing]] over the [[English Channel]] a week earlier.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/28/football/emiliano-sala-crowd-funding-rescue-mission-spt-intl/index.html |title=Emiliano Sala: Kylian Mbappe donates $34,000 to crowdfunding initiative |publisher=CNN |date=28 January 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803014857/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/28/football/emiliano-sala-crowd-funding-rescue-mission-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, on 10 February 2019, Mbappé donated a further £27,000 to the GoFundMe campaign created to fund the search for the plane's still-missing pilot, David Ibbotson.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/kylian-mbappe-donation-search-emiliano-sala-pilot-david-ibbotson-cardiff-city-nantes-psg-paris-saint-a8772396.html |title=Kylian Mbappe makes incredible donation to Emiliano Sala pilot David Ibbotson's search fund |newspaper=The Independent |date=10 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428120146/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/kylian-mbappe-donation-search-emiliano-sala-pilot-david-ibbotson-cardiff-city-nantes-psg-paris-saint-a8772396.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career statistics==<br />
===Club===<br />
{{updated|match played 20 August 2021.}}<ref name=soccerway>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/kylian-mbappe-lottin/377149/ |title=K. Mbappé: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613063359/https://int.soccerway.com/players/kylian-mbappe-lottin/377149/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center<br />
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Club<br />
!rowspan="2"|Season<br />
!colspan="3"|League<br />
!colspan="2"|National Cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]]}}<br />
!colspan="2"|League Cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}}<br />
!colspan="2"|Europe<br />
!colspan="2"|Other<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[AS Monaco FC#Reserves|Monaco II]]<br />
|[[2015–16 Championnat de France Amateur|2015–16]]<br />
|[[Championnat National 2|CFA]]<br />
|10||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||10||2<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016–17 Championnat de France Amateur|2016–17]]<br />
|CFA<br />
|2||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||2<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!12||4||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||12||4<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]<br />
|[[2015–16 AS Monaco FC season|2015–16]]<br />
|[[Ligue 1]]<br />
|11||1||1||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=UEL|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||14||1<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016–17 AS Monaco FC season|2016–17]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|29||15||3||2||3||3||9{{efn|name=UCL|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||6||colspan="2"|—||44||26<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017–18 AS Monaco FC season|2017–18]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1{{efn|name=TdC|Appearance in [[Trophée des Champions]]}}||0||2||0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!41||16||4||2||4||3||10||6||1||0||60||27<br />
|-<br />
|[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (loan)<br />
|[[2017–18 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2017–18]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|27||13||5||4||4||0||8{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||colspan="2"|—||44||21<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5"|Paris Saint-Germain<br />
|[[2018–19 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2018–19]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|29||33||4||2||2||0||8{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||0||0||43||39<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019–20 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2019–20]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|20||18||3||4||3||2||10{{efn|name=UCL}}||5||1{{efn|name=TdC}}||1||37||30<br />
|-<br />
|[[2020–21 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2020–21]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|31||27||5||7||colspan="2"|—||10{{efn|name=UCL}}||8||1{{efn|name=TdC}}||0||47||42<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021–22 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2021–22]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|3||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||0||0||3||1<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!110||92||17||17||9||2||36||21||2||1||174<!-- This statistic SHOULD include the 2017-18 season as loan seasons count as total appearances and statistics for that club. -->||133<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Career total<br />
!163||112||21||19||13||5||46||27||3||1||246||164<br />
|}<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
===International===<br />
{{updated|match played 28 June 2021}}<ref name=NFT>{{NFT player |id=67592|name=Mbappé, Kylian |access-date=27 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center<br />
|+ Appearances and goals by national team and year<br />
|-<br />
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=5|[[France national football team|France]]<br />
|2017||10||1<br />
|-<br />
|2018||18||9<br />
|-<br />
|2019||6||3<br />
|-<br />
|2020||5||3<br />
|-<br />
|2021||9||1<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total||48||17<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:''As of match played 28 June 2021. France score listed first, score column indicates score after each Mbappé goal.''<ref name=NFT/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+ List of international goals scored by Kylian Mbappé<br />
|-<br />
!scope=col|No.<br />
!scope=col|Date<br />
!scope=col|Venue<br />
!scope=col|Cap<br />
!scope=col|Opponent<br />
!scope=col|Score<br />
!scope=col|Result<br />
!scope=col|Competition<br />
!scope=col class=unsortable|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|1<br />
|31 August 2017||[[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], France||align=center|5||{{fb|NED}}||align=center|4–0||align=center|4–0||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group A|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/08/31/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/france/netherlands/2116200/ |title=France vs. Netherlands 4–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=2 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902080815/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2017/08/31/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/france/netherlands/2116200/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|2<br />
|rowspan=2|27 March 2018||rowspan=2|[[Krestovsky Stadium]], [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia||rowspan=2 align=center|12||rowspan=2|{{fb|RUS}}||align=center|1–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–1||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||rowspan=2 align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/03/27/world/friendlies/russia/france/2699987/ |title=Russia vs. France 1–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823002450/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2018/03/27/world/friendlies/russia/france/2699987/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|3<br />
|align=center|3–1<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|4<br />
|9 June 2018||[[Parc Olympique Lyonnais]], [[Décines-Charpieu]], France||align=center|15||{{fb|USA}}||align=center|1–1||align=center|1–1||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/06/09/world/friendlies/france/united-states-of-america/2699988/ |title=France vs. United States 1–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823002657/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2018/06/09/world/friendlies/france/united-states-of-america/2699988/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|5<br />
|21 June 2018||[[Central Stadium (Yekaterinburg)|Ekaterinburg Arena]], [[Yekaterinburg]], Russia||align=center|17||{{fb|PER}}||align=center|1–0||align=center|1–0||rowspan=3 |[[2018 FIFA World Cup]]||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/06/21/world/world-cup/france/peru/2166076/ |title=France vs. Peru 1–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525034849/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2018/06/21/world/world-cup/france/peru/2166076/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|6<br />
|rowspan=2|30 June 2018||rowspan=2|[[Kazan Arena]], [[Kazan]], Russia||rowspan=2 align=center|19||rowspan=2|{{fb|ARG}}||align=center|3–2||rowspan=2 align=center|4–3||rowspan=2 align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/06/30/world/world-cup/france/argentina/2166111/ |title=France vs. Argentina 4–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823003637/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2018/06/30/world/world-cup/france/argentina/2166111/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|7<br />
|align=center|4–2<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|8<br />
|15 July 2018||[[Luzhniki Stadium]], [[Moscow]], Russia||align=center|22||{{fb|CRO}}||align=center|4–1||align=center|4–2||[[2018 FIFA World Cup Final]]||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/07/15/world/world-cup/france/croatia/2166125/ |title=France vs. Croatia 4–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418055803/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2018/07/15/world/world-cup/france/croatia/2166125/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|9<br />
|9 September 2018||Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France||align=center|24||{{fb|NED}}||align=center|1–0||align=center|2–1||[[2018–19 UEFA Nations League A]]||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/09/09/europe/uefa-nations-league/france/netherlands/2720422/ |title=France vs. Netherlands 2–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823003953/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2018/09/09/europe/uefa-nations-league/france/netherlands/2720422/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|10<br />
|11 October 2018||[[Stade de Roudourou]], [[Guingamp]], France||align=center|25||{{fb|ISL}}||align=center|2–2||align=center|2–2||[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/10/11/world/friendlies/france/iceland/2793299/ |title=France vs. Iceland 2–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823004335/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2018/10/11/world/friendlies/france/iceland/2793299/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|11<br />
|22 March 2019||[[Zimbru Stadium]], [[Chișinău]], Moldova||align=center|29||{{fb|MDA}}||align=center|4–0||align=center|4–1||rowspan=3|[[UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying Group H|UEFA Euro 2020 qualification]]||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/03/22/europe/european-championship-qualification/moldova/france/2942764/ |title=Moldova vs. France 1–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823004555/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2019/03/22/europe/european-championship-qualification/moldova/france/2942764/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|12<br />
|25 March 2019||Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France||align=center|30||{{fb|ISL}}||align=center|3–0||align=center|4–0||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/03/25/europe/european-championship-qualification/france/iceland/2942790/ |title=France vs. Iceland 4–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823004725/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2019/03/25/europe/european-championship-qualification/france/iceland/2942790/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|13<br />
|11 June 2019||[[Estadi Nacional]], [[Andorra la Vella]], Andorra||align=center|33||{{fb|AND}}||align=center|1–0||align=center|4–0||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/06/11/europe/european-championship-qualification/andorra/france/2942843/ |title=Andorra vs. France 0–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823004917/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2019/06/11/europe/european-championship-qualification/andorra/france/2942843/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|14<br />
|5 September 2020||[[Friends Arena]], [[Solna]], Sweden||align=center|35||{{fb|SWE}}||align=center|1–0||align=center|1–0||[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/05/europe/uefa-nations-league/sweden/france/3243364/ |title=Sweden vs. France 0–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=5 September 2020 |archive-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524232852/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/05/europe/uefa-nations-league/sweden/france/3243364/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style=text-align:center|15<br />
|7 October 2020||Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France||align=center|36||{{fb|UKR}}||align=center|6–1||align=center|7–1||[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/07/world/friendlies/france/ukraine/3378281/ |title=France vs. Ukraine 7–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=7 October 2020 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011104821/https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/07/world/friendlies/france/ukraine/3378281/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style="text-align: center"|16<br />
| 14 October 2020 || [[Stadion Maksimir]], [[Zagreb]], Croatia || align=center | 38 || {{fb|CRO}} ||align=center| 2–1 ||align=center| 2–1 || [[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||align=center|<ref name="Croatia vs. France 1–2: Summary">{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/14/europe/uefa-nations-league/croatia/france/3243369/ |title=Croatia vs. France 1–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style="text-align: center"|17<br />
| 2 June 2021 || [[Allianz Riviera]], [[Nice]], France || align=center | 43 || {{fb|WAL}} ||align=center| 1–0 ||align=center| 3–0 || [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]||align=center|<ref name="Croatia vs. France 1–2: Summary"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
<br />
=== Club ===<br />
[[File:Kylian Mbappé 2018.jpg|thumb|upright|Mbappé holding his award for the [[FIFA World Cup awards#Best Young Player Award|2018 FIFA World Cup Best Young Player]]]]<br />
<br />
'''Monaco'''<br />
*[[Ligue 1]]: [[2016–17 Ligue 1|2016–17]]<ref name=soccerway/><br />
*[[Coupe de la Ligue]] runner-up: [[2016–17 Coupe de la Ligue|2016–17]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2701257-psg-win-fourth-straight-coupe-de-la-ligue-title-beat-as-monaco-4-1-in-final |title=PSG Win 4th-Straight Coupe De La Ligue Title, Beat AS Monaco 4–1 in Final |date=1 April 2017 |access-date=3 August 2019 |website=Bleacher Report |publisher=Turner |archive-date=3 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803150019/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2701257-psg-win-fourth-straight-coupe-de-la-ligue-title-beat-as-monaco-4-1-in-final |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Paris Saint-Germain'''<br />
*Ligue 1: [[2017–18 Ligue 1|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en-my/news/psg-clinch-ligue-1-title-by-thrashing-monaco/1ty70ovdroka415jkim9oc0zsj |title=PSG wrap up Ligue 1 title with Monaco win |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=20 July 2020 |archive-date=25 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425054339/https://www.goal.com/en-my/news/psg-clinch-ligue-1-title-by-thrashing-monaco/1ty70ovdroka415jkim9oc0zsj |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2018–19 Ligue 1|2018–19]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/psg-champions-as-lille-held-at-toulouse.htm |title=PSG Champions as Lille held at Toulouse |date=21 April 2019 |access-date=21 April 2019 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626220236/https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/psg-champions-as-lille-held-at-toulouse.htm |archive-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> [[2019–20 Ligue 1|2019–20]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/52484926 |title=Ligue 1: Paris St-Germain awarded French title as season finished early |website=BBC Sport |date=30 April 2020 |access-date=30 April 2020 |archive-date=16 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616035525/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/52484926 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[Coupe de France]]: [[2017–18 Coupe de France|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/amp/news/paris-saint-germain-set-record-with-fourth-straight-coupe-de/1ubb1rik0lw6b1pwatka3l5nh6 |title=Paris Saint-Germain set record with fourth straight Coupe De France crown |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=8 May 2018 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509220525/http://www.goal.com/en-ng/amp/news/paris-saint-germain-set-record-with-fourth-straight-coupe-de/1ubb1rik0lw6b1pwatka3l5nh6 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2019–20 Coupe de France|2019–20]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/07/25/psg-edge-asse-for-coupe-de-france-win |title=PSG edge ASSE for Coupe de France win! |date=24 July 2020 |access-date=25 July 2020 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823020149/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/07/25/psg-edge-asse-for-coupe-de-france-win |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[2020–21 Coupe de France|2020–21]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Kylian Mbappé stars as PSG beat Monaco in Coupe de France final|url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2021/05/19/kylian-mbappe-stars-as-psg-beat-monaco-in-coupe-de-france-final|website=ligue1.com|date=19 May 2021|access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref> runner-up: [[2018–19 Coupe de France|2018–19]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/match?gameId=539117 |title=Stade Rennes 2–2 Paris Saint-Germain: Summary |publisher=ESPN |access-date=8 May 2019 |archive-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508182657/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/match?gameId=539117 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Coupe de la Ligue: [[2017–18 Coupe de la Ligue|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ligue1.com/coupeLigue/article/mbappe-stars-as-psg-beat-monaco-to-lift-cup.htm |title=MBAPPÉ STARS AS PSG BEAT MONACO TO LIFT CUP |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |access-date=1 April 2018 |archive-date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402035514/http://www.ligue1.com/coupeLigue/article/mbappe-stars-as-psg-beat-monaco-to-lift-cup.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2019–20 Coupe de la Ligue|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53617357 |title=Paris St-Germain beat Lyon in French League Cup final for another treble |website=BBC Sport |date=31 July 2020 |access-date=31 July 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804133756/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53617357 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Trophée des Champions: [[2019 Trophée des Champions|2019]],<ref name="2019TDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.ligue1.com/tropheeChampions/article/mbappe-and-di-maria-earn-psg-first-2019-20-trophy.htm |title=Mbappé and Di Maria Earn PSG First 2019–20 Trophy |date=3 August 2019 |access-date=3 August 2019 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803150004/https://www.ligue1.com/tropheeChampions/article/mbappe-and-di-maria-earn-psg-first-2019-20-trophy.htm |archive-date=3 August 2019}}</ref> [[2020 Trophée des Champions|2020]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/MATCH-REPORTS/2021/01/13/neymar-and-icardi-fire-pochettino-to-first-title|title=Neymar and Icardi fire Pochettino to first title|website=www.ligue1.com|date=13 January 2021|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref><br />
* [[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League|2019–20]]<ref name="CL 2020"/><br />
<br />
=== International ===<br />
'''France U19'''<br />
*[[UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]: [[2016 UEFA European Under-19 Championship|2016]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/match/2020326--france-vs-italy/lineups/?iv=true |title=Final: France 4–0 Italy: Line-ups |publisher=UEFA |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823005052/https://www.uefa.com/under19/match/2020326--france-vs-italy/lineups/?iv=true |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
'''France'''<br />
*[[FIFA World Cup]]: [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/russia2018/matches/match/300331552/#match-lineups |title=France 4–2 Croatia: Line-ups |publisher=FIFA |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=4 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904130617/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/russia2018/matches/match/300331552/#match-lineups |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Individual ===<br />
*[[2016 UEFA European Under-19 Championship#Team of the Tournament|UEFA European Under-19 Championship Team of the Tournament]]: 2016<ref>{{cite web |title=Technical Reportfinals |url=http://www.uefa.com/under19/season=2016/technical-report/tr-under19-2016.pdf |publisher=UEFA |access-date=24 October 2016 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><br />
*[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] Ligue 1 [[Ligue 1 Player of the Year|Player of the Year]]: 2018–19,<ref name=UNFP /> 2020–21<ref>{{cite news|title=Kylian Mbappé élu meilleur joueur de Ligue 1|trans-title=Kylian Mbappé elected best player in Ligue 1|publisher=Eurosport|language=fr|url=https://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-1/2020-2021/kylian-mbappe-elu-meilleur-joueur-de-ligue-1_sto8333587/story.shtml|date=23 May 2021|access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref><br />
*[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] Ligue 1 [[Trophées UNFP du football#Young Player of the Year|Young Player of the Year]]: 2016–17,<ref>{{cite news|title=Trophées UNFP: Cavani, Jardim, Mbappé... Le palmarès complet|trans-title=UNFP Trophies: Cavani, Jardim, Mbappé... The full prize list|publisher=RTL|language=fr|url=http://www.rtl.fr/sport/football/trophees-unfp-cavani-jardim-mbappe-le-palmares-complet-7788550042|url-status=live|access-date=15 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519023557/http://www.rtl.fr/sport/football/trophees-unfp-cavani-jardim-mbappe-le-palmares-complet-7788550042|archive-date=19 May 2017}}</ref> 2017–18,<ref>{{cite news|title=Trophées UNFP: Neymar, Mbappé... Découvrez le palmarès 2018|trans-title=UNFP Trophies: Neymar, Mbappé... Discover the 2018 prize list|publisher=RTL|language=fr|url=http://www.rtl.fr/sport/football/trophees-unfp-neymar-mbappe-decouvrez-le-palmares-2018-7793373391|url-status=dead|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514034721/http://www.rtl.fr/sport/football/trophees-unfp-neymar-mbappe-decouvrez-le-palmares-2018-7793373391|archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> 2018–19<ref name="UNFP">{{cite news|title=Mbappé wins awards double|website=Ligue 1|url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/03/14/mbappe-wins-awards-double|date=19 May 2019|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref><br />
*[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] Ligue 1 [[Trophées UNFP du football#Team of the Year|Team of the Year]]: [[Trophées UNFP du football#2017|2016–17]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Trophées UNFP: Le Palmarès Complet de l'Édition 2017|trans-title=UNFP Trophies: The full prize list of the 2017 edition|website=Sport24|language=fr|url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/fil-info/trophees-unfp-le-palmares-complet-de-l-edition-2017-859420|url-status=live|access-date=15 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524081625/http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/fil-info/trophees-unfp-le-palmares-complet-de-l-edition-2017-859420|archive-date=24 May 2017}}</ref> [[Trophées UNFP du football#2018|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Trophées UNFP: Neymar élu joueur de Ligue 1, Le PSG rafle tout ou presque|trans-title=UNFP Trophies: Neymar elected player of Ligue 1, the PSG gets all or almost all|url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/actualites/la-ceremonie-des-trophees-unfp-en-direct-908921|website=Sport24|language=fr|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514070816/http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/actualites/la-ceremonie-des-trophees-unfp-en-direct-908921|archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> [[Trophées UNFP du football#2019|2018–19]],<ref name=UNFP /> [[Trophées UNFP du football#2021|2020–21]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Trophées UNFP : cinq Parisiens, deux Lillois et deux Lyonnais dans l’équipe type |trans-title=Trophées UNFP : five Parisiens, two Lillois and two Lyonnais in the typical team |url=https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/fil-info/trophees-unfp-cinq-parisiens-deux-lillois-et-deux-lyonnais-dans-l-equipe-type-1045019 |access-date=24 May 2021 |website=Le Figaro |date=24 May 2021 |language=fr}}</ref><br />
*[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] Ligue 1 [[UNFP Player of the Month|Player of the Month]]: April 2017,<ref name="POTM">{{cite web|date=9 May 2017|title=Kylian Mbappé et Khalid Boutaïb, joueurs du mois d'Avril!|trans-title=Kylian Mbappé and Khalid Boutaïb, players of the month of April!|url=http://www.unfp.org/2017/05/kylian-mbappe-et-khalid-boutaib-joueurs-du-mois-davril/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514093757/http://www.unfp.org/2017/05/kylian-mbappe-et-khalid-boutaib-joueurs-du-mois-davril/|archive-date=14 May 2017|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=National Union of Professional Footballers|language=fr}}</ref> March 2018,<ref name="POTM2">{{cite web|date=17 April 2018|title=Mbappé et Bozok, joueurs du mois de Mars!|trans-title=Mbappé and Bozok, players of the month of March!|url=http://www.unfp.org/2018/04/mbappe-et-bozok-joueurs-du-mois-de-mars/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053614/http://www.unfp.org/2018/04/mbappe-et-bozok-joueurs-du-mois-de-mars/|archive-date=19 April 2018|access-date=18 April 2018|publisher=National Union of Professional Footballers|language=fr}}</ref> August 2018,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unfp.org/2018/09/kylian-mbappe-joueur-du-mois-daout-de-la-ligue-1-conforama/ |title=Kylian Mbappé, joueur du mois d’août de la Ligue 1 Conforama ! |trans-title=Kylian Mbappé, Ligue 1 Conforama player of the month for August! |publisher=National Union of Professional Footballers |language=fr |date=24 September 2018 |access-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> February 2019,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unfp.org/2019/03/kylian-mbappe-joueur-du-mois-de-fevrier/|title=Kylian Mbappé, joueur du mois de février ! |trans-title=Kylian Mbappé, player of the Month for February! |publisher=National Union of Professional Footballers |language=fr |date=11 March 2019 |access-date=16 April 2019 }}</ref> [[2020–21 Ligue 1#Monthly|February 2021]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unfp.org/2021/03/kylian-mbappe-joueur-du-mois-de-fevrier-de-la-ligue-1-uber-eats/|title=Kylian Mbappé, joueur du mois de février de la Ligue 1 Uber Eats ! |trans-title=Kylian Mbappé, player of the month for February in Ligue 1 Uber Eats! |publisher=National Union of Professional Footballers |language=fr |date=18 March 2021 |access-date=4 April 2021 }}</ref><br />
*[[UEFA Champions League#Awards|UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season]]: [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2016–17]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2476068.html |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |publisher=UEFA |date=5 June 2017 |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613184644/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2476068.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2019–20]],<ref>{{cite news |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0260-103d6b6179e6-7a1932c7a58c-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season |publisher=UEFA |date=28 August 2020 |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829033313/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0260-103d6b6179e6-7a1932c7a58c-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2020–21 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2020–21]]<ref>{{cite news |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0269-12688c451cdd-b6efcb4ce948-1000--champions-league-all-star-squad/ |publisher=UEFA |date=31 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref><br />
*[[FIFPro#FIFA FIFPro Men's World11|FIFA FIFPro World11]]: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2018#FIFA FIFPro World11|2018]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/de-gea-kante-mbappe-in-world-11/en/ |title=De Gea, Kante and Mbappe in World 11 |date=24 September 2018 |publisher=FIFPro |access-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025843/https://www.fifpro.org/news/de-gea-kante-mbappe-in-world-11/en/ |archive-date=25 September 2018}}</ref> [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019#FIFA FIFPro Men's World11|2019]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-2018-2019/en/ |title=VAN DIJK AMONG FOUR DEBUTANTS IN MEN'S WORLD 11 |website=FIFPro World Players' Union |date=23 September 2019 |access-date=24 September 2019 |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924000410/https://fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-2018-2019/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
*FIFA FIFPro World11 3rd team: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/2016-2017-world-11-the-reserve-teams/en/ |title=2016–2017 World 11: the Reserve Teams – FIFPro World Players' Union |publisher=FIFPro |date=23 October 2017 |access-date=23 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406020741/https://fifpro.org/news/2016-2017-world-11-the-reserve-teams/en/ |archive-date=6 April 2019}}</ref><br />
*FIFA FIFPro World11 nominee: 2020 (5th forward)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/the-fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-of-2020|title=THE FIFA FIFPRO MEN’S WORLD 11 OF 2019-2020|website=FIFPro World Players' Union|date=17 December 2020}}</ref><br />
*[[Golden Boy (award)|Golden Boy]]: 2017<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/golden-boy-results-kylian-mbappe-marcus-rashford-gabriel-jesus-ousmane-dembele-a8015266.html |title=Kylian Mbappe wins Golden Boy but Marcus Rashford and Gabriel Jesus cause confusion |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=22 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722173953/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/golden-boy-results-kylian-mbappe-marcus-rashford-gabriel-jesus-ousmane-dembele-a8015266.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[Ballon d'Or]]: [[2017 Ballon d'Or|2017]] (7th place),<ref>{{cite web|date=7 December 2017|title=Le classement complet du Ballon d'Or 2017|trans-title=The full standings of the 2017 Ballon d'Or|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Le-classement-complet-du-ballon-d-or-2017/857283|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416131129/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Le-classement-complet-du-ballon-d-or-2017/857283|archive-date=16 April 2019|access-date=20 December 2017|website=France Football|language=fr}}</ref> [[2018 Ballon d'Or|2018]] (4th place),<ref>{{cite web|date=3 December 2018|title=Le classement final du Ballon d'Or France Football 2018|trans-title=The final standings of the France Football 2018 Ballon d'Or|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Le-classement-final-du-ballon-d-or-france-football-2018/964814|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519215835/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Le-classement-final-du-ballon-d-or-france-football-2018/964814|archive-date=19 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2018|website=France Football|language=fr}}</ref> [[2019 Ballon d'Or|2019]] (6th place)<ref>{{cite web|title=Les dix leçons à retenir de la liste des 30 du Ballon d'Or France Football 2019|trans-title=The ten lessons to remember of the list of 30 of the France Football 2019 Ballon d'Or|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Les-dix-lecons-a-retenir-de-la-liste-des-30-du-ballon-d-or-france-football-2019/1072160|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022220828/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Les-dix-lecons-a-retenir-de-la-liste-des-30-du-ballon-d-or-france-football-2019/1072160|archive-date=22 October 2019|access-date=20 August 2020|website=France Football|language=fr}}</ref><br />
*[[The Best FIFA Men's Player]]: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2018#The Best FIFA Men's Player|2018]] (4th place), [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019#The Best FIFA Men's Player|2019]] (6th place)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://img.fifa.com/image/upload/itqmjfv2sfevdiib4psc.pdf |title=Final Ranking: The Best FIFA Men's Player 2019 |publisher=FIFA |date=23 September 2019 |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923221152/https://img.fifa.com/image/upload/itqmjfv2sfevdiib4psc.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award]]: [[UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award#2016–17|2017]] (8th place),<ref>{{cite web |title=Ronaldo named 2016/17 Men's Player of the Year |url=http://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/uefa-best-player-award/news/newsid=2495000.html |publisher=UEFA |access-date=24 August 2017 |date=24 August 2017 |archive-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110539/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/uefa-best-player-award/news/newsid=2495000.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award#2017–18|2018]] (6th place),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2567658.html |title=Luka Modrić wins UEFA Men's Player of the Year award |publisher=UEFA |date=30 August 2018 |access-date=30 August 2018 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023130912/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2567658.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[UEFA Best Player in Europe Award#2019–20|2020]] (7th place)<ref>{{cite news |title=Robert Lewandowski wins UEFA Men's Player of the Year award |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0262-1081df1ad49c-10605b589d53-1000--lewandowski-named-player-of-the-year/ |publisher=UEFA.com |date=1 October 2020 |access-date=1 October 2020 |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004061530/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0262-1081df1ad49c-10605b589d53-1000--lewandowski-named-player-of-the-year/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[FIFA World Cup awards#Best Young Player Award|FIFA World Cup Best Young Player Award]]: [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/modric-wins-world-cup-golden-ball-as-mbappe-named-best-young/1ncg3c919qhyc10fh64y812byk |title=Modric wins Golden Ball as Mbappé named best young player |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |date=15 July 2018 |access-date=15 July 2018 |archive-date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715210603/http://www.goal.com/en/news/modric-wins-world-cup-golden-ball-as-mbappe-named-best-young/1ncg3c919qhyc10fh64y812byk |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[FIFA World Cup awards#All-Star Team|FIFA World Cup Dream Team]]: [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dreamteam.fifa.com/en/home |title=FIFA World Cup Fan Dream Team |last=FIFA.com |date=18 July 2018 |access-date=23 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626225201/https://dreamteam.fifa.com/en/home |archive-date=26 June 2018}}</ref><br />
*[[Kopa Trophy]]: [[2018 Ballon d'Or#Kopa Trophy|2018]]<ref>{{cite web|date=3 December 2018|title=Kylian Mbappé est le vainqueur du premier Trophée Kopa|trans-title=Kylian Mbappé is the winner of the first Kopa Trophy|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Kylian-mbappe-est-le-vainqueur-du-premier-trophee-kopa/964949|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627054608/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Kylian-mbappe-est-le-vainqueur-du-premier-trophee-kopa/964949|archive-date=27 June 2019|access-date=3 December 2018|website=France Football|language=fr}}</ref><br />
*[[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#IFFHS Men's World Team|IFFHS Men's World Team]]: 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-men-world-team-2018/ |title=IFFHS AWARDS – THE MEN WORLD TEAM 2018 |publisher=International Federation of Football History & Statistics |date=1 December 2018 |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=6 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106194353/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-men-world-team-2018/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[French Player of the Year]]: 2018,<ref>{{cite news|date=25 December 2018|title=A lire cette semaine dans France Football : Kylian Mbappé (PSG) est élu joueur français de l'année 2018|trans-title=To read this week in France Football: Kylian Mbappé (PSG) is elected French player of the year 2018|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/A-lire-cette-semaine-dans-france-football-kylian-mbappe-psg-est-elu-joueur-francais-de-l-annee-2018/971956|access-date=26 December 2018|website=France Football|language=fr}}</ref> 2019<ref>{{cite news|date=23 December 2019|title=Mbappé, élu joueur français de l'année, en exclusivité dans FF: "Les gens pensent que Kylian a changé"|trans-title=Mbappé, elected French player of the year, in exclusivity in FF: "People think that Kylian changed"|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Mbappe-elu-joueur-francais-de-l-annee-en-exclusivite-dans-ff-les-gens-pensent-que-kylian-a-change/1093032|access-date=23 December 2019|website=France Football|language=fr}}</ref><br />
*[[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2018|2018]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2589223.html |title=UEFA.com fans' Team of the Year 2018 revealed |publisher=UEFA |date=11 January 2019 |access-date=11 January 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713090104/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2589223.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[List of Ligue 1 top scorers|Ligue 1 Top Goalscorer]]: [[2018–19 Ligue 1|2018–19]],<ref name="ligue1history">{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/ligue-1/1104487/mbappe-ensures-psg-make-ligue-1-history-despite-defeat/ |title=Mbappe ensures PSG make Ligue 1 history despite defeat |website=Fox Sports Asia |date=24 May 2019 |access-date=25 May 2019 |archive-date=25 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525140939/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/ligue-1/1104487/mbappe-ensures-psg-make-ligue-1-history-despite-defeat/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2019–20 Ligue 1|2019–20]],<ref name="2019–20 Ligue 1 top scorer">{{cite web |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/kylian-mbappe-and-angel-di-maria-top-scorer-and-top-assist-provider |title=Kylian Mbappé and Angel Di Maria: top scorer and top assist provider |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |date=1 May 2020 |access-date=1 May 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611084210/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/kylian-mbappe-and-angel-di-maria-top-scorer-and-top-assist-provider |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2020–21 Ligue 1|2020–21]]<br />
*[[Onze d'Or|Onze de Bronze]]: 2019<ref>{{cite web|date=6 June 2019|title=ONZE D'OR 2019: SADIO MANÉ SACRÉ MEILLEUR JOUEUR DE LA SAISON!|trans-title=GOLDEN ELEVEN 2019: SADIO MANÉ CHOSEN BEST PLAYER OF THE SEASON|url=http://www.onzemondial.com/premier-league/onze-d-or-2019--sadio-mane-sacre-meilleur-joueur-de-la-saison-189237|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616121341/http://www.onzemondial.com/premier-league/onze-d-or-2019--sadio-mane-sacre-meilleur-joueur-de-la-saison-189237|archive-date=16 June 2019|access-date=27 June 2019|website=Onze Mondial|language=fr}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Orders'''<br />
*[[Knight of the Legion of Honour]]: 2018<ref>{{cite journal |date=1 January 2019 |title=Décret du 31 décembre 2018 portant promotion et nomination |trans-title=Decree of 31 December 2018 on promotion and appointment |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000037909703 |journal=Official Journal of the French Republic |volume=2019 |issue=1 |id=PRER1835394D |access-date=28 November 2020 |language=fr}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Association football|France}}<br />
*[[List of association football families]]<br />
*[[List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics]]<br />
*[[France national football team records and statistics]]<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
*[https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/kylian-mbappe Profile] at the Paris Saint-Germain F.C. website<br />
* {{FFF player|8566-mbappe-kylian}}<br />
* {{FFF male player|2543482609|archive=}}<br />
*{{FIFA player}}<br />
*{{UEFA player}}<br />
<br />
{{Paris Saint-Germain F.C. squad}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
| title = France squads<br />
| bg = #002395<br />
| fg = white<br />
| bordercolor = #ED2939<br />
| list1 =<br />
{{France squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}}<br />
{{France squad UEFA Euro 2020}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
| title = Awards<br />
| bg = gold<br />
| fg = navy<br />
| list1 = <br />
{{2018 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{FIFA World Cup Best Young Player}}<br />
{{2018 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2016–17 Ligue 1 UNFP Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2017–18 Ligue 1 UNFP Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2018–19 Ligue 1 UNFP Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2020–21 Ligue 1 UNFP Team of the Year}}<br />
{{Golden Boy award winners}}<br />
{{Kopa Trophy}}<br />
{{France Football French Player of the Year}}<br />
{{Ligue 1 top scorers}}<br />
{{Ligue 1 Player of the Year}}<br />
{{Ligue 1 Young Player of the Year}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mbappe, Kylian}}<br />
[[Category:1998 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Paris]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis]]<br />
[[Category:French footballers]]<br />
[[Category:France youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:France international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Association football forwards]]<br />
[[Category:INF Clairefontaine players]]<br />
[[Category:AS Monaco FC players]]<br />
[[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]<br />
[[Category:2018 FIFA World Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2020 players]]<br />
[[Category:FIFA World Cup-winning players]]<br />
[[Category:French expatriate footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Monaco]]<br />
[[Category:French expatriate sportspeople in Monaco]]<br />
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]<br />
[[Category:French people of Kabyle descent]]<br />
[[Category:French people of Cameroonian descent]]<br />
[[Category:Black French sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Boy winners]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Sins&diff=139225Johnny Sins2021-08-26T10:32:31Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|American pornographic actor}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=December 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}} {{Infobox person | name..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|American pornographic actor}}<br />
{{pp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=December 2019}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Johnny Sins<br />
| image = Guy, Ava Lauren at XRCO Awards 2007 1 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Sins in April 2007<br />
| birth_name = Steven Wolfe<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|12|31}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], U.S.<br />
| alias = <br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Pornographic actor|director|YouTuber}}<br />
| years_active = 2006–present<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| height = 6 ft<br />
| spouse = Kissa Sins ({{abbr|sep.|separated}} 2019)<br />
| awards = <br />
| website = {{url|sinslife.com}}<br />
| module = {{Infobox YouTube personality|embed=yes<br />
| channels = [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRAWGR5ySuIDNrotce8pI3w SinsTV]<br />
| years active = 2017–present<br />
| genre = <br />
| subscribers = 1.73&nbsp;million<br />
| views = 86.7&nbsp;million<br />
| silver_button = yes<br />
| silver_year = 2017<br />
| gold_button = yes<br />
| gold_year = 2019<br />
| stats_update = May 13, 2021<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Steven Wolfe''' (born December 31, 1978), known professionally as '''Johnny Sins''', is an American pornographic actor, director, and [[YouTuber]].<ref name="XBIZ5"/><ref name="Slate">{{cite magazine|last=Peters|first=Justin|date=April 17, 2018|title=The Most Popular YouTube Video in Turkey Right Now Is an American Porn Star Eating Turkish Snacks|url=https://slate.com/technology/2018/04/johnny-sins-eats-turkish-snacks-on-youtube-and-youtube-loves-it.html|magazine=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> Known for his shaved head and muscular physique, he is consistently among the most popular pornography searches.<ref name="FCC">{{cite news|last=Carey|first=Alexis|date=January 11, 2018|title=The most popular porn searches of 2017|url=https://m.frasercoastchronicle.com.au/news/from-rick-and-morty-to-fidget-spinners-pornhubs-mo/3308032/|newspaper=[[Fraser Coast Chronicle]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Cosmo"/><ref name="Bustle">{{cite magazine|last=Chatel|first=Amanda|date=July 28, 2015|title=Top 10 Porn Stars Women Search For More Than Men, According To PornHub, Because We Want Our James Deen, Damn It!|url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/100367-top-10-porn-stars-women-search-for-more-than-men-according-to-pornhub-because-we-want|magazine=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Vice3">{{cite web|last1=Rodellar|first1=Pol|last2=Iris Simón|first2=Ana|date=January 9, 2018|title=Las tendencias de consumo de porno en España 2017 nos han hecho pensar|url=https://www.vice.com/es/article/yw5qzw/jordi-nino-polla-actor-porno-resultados-pornhub-2017-espana|publisher=Vice Media|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref> He has received many accolades for his work, including two nominations for the [[AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year]].<ref name="AVN1"/><ref name="IAFD1">{{cite web|last=Vanzetti|date=November 28, 2014|title=AVN Awards Nominations 2015: Individual Performer Awards|url=https://blog.iafd.com/2014/11/28/avn-awards-nominations-2015-individual-performer-awards/|publisher=[[Internet Adult Film Database]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Sins was born Steven Wolfe<ref name="Vice1"/> in [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]],<ref name="Twitter1">{{cite tweet|last=Wolfe|first=Steve|user=JohnnySins|number=300817402344660992|date=February 10, 2013|title=My hometown, Pittsburgh magazine giving a pitbull the cover! #pitbull|access-date=August 31, 2018}}</ref> on December 31, 1978.<ref name="Brazzers">{{cite web|title=Pornstars: Johnny Sins|url=https://www.brazzers.com/profile/view/id/682/johnny-sins/bydate/133/|publisher=[[Brazzers]]|access-date=August 31, 2018}}</ref> He has described himself as "very shy" while growing up.<ref name="DVDTalk"/> After graduating from college, he got a job working six days a week in construction.<ref name="DVDTalk">{{cite web|last=Jack|first=Captain|title=Johnny and Kissa Have A Very Sinful Life|url=https://interviews.adultdvdtalk.com/johnny-kissa-sins/|publisher=AdultDVDTalk.com|access-date=September 9, 2018|date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> He noticed the early signs of [[Pattern hair loss|male pattern baldness]] when he was around 24 years old, and has kept his head [[Head shaving|shaved]] ever since.<ref>{{Citation|title=Q&A {{!}}{{!}} Johnny Sins Vlog #5 {{!}}{{!}} SinsTV|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3fcuGxeb8E|language=en|access-date=2021-05-24}}</ref> In 2006, at the age of 28, he quit his job and moved to Los Angeles to enter the pornographic film industry.<ref name="DVDTalk"/><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
[[File:Sins Logo.png|thumb|upright|Logo of Sins' production company]]<br />
Sins' first pornographic endeavors were through [[Craigslist]] ads.<ref name="DVDTalk"/> [[Brazzers]] has described him as a "go-to guy" for the studio,<ref name="AVN1">{{cite magazine|last=L. Shaulis|first=Sherri|date=July 30, 2018|title=The Men of Porn: Gonzo Gods and Shot Callers|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/men-of-porn-gonzo-gods-and-shot-callers-790134.html|magazine=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref> having performed in 1,054 scenes as of April 1, 2019.<ref name="Brazzers"/> He performed in about 2,300 videos in his pornographic career.<ref name="iafd">{{cite web|title=Johnny Sins|publisher=[[Internet Adult Film Database]]|url=http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=JohnnySins/gender=m/Johnny-Sins.htm|access-date=October 12, 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
On June 10, 2015, [[Pornhub]] launched a [[crowdfunding]] campaign through [[Indiegogo]] to produce the first [[sex in space|adult film in space]].<ref name="WashingtonPost">{{cite news|last=Wm. Moyer|first=Justin|date=June 11, 2015|title=PornHub crowdfunds for sex tape filmed in space|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/06/11/pornhub-crowdfunds-for-sex-tape-filmed-in-space/?noredirect=on|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BusinessInsider">{{cite web|last=Orwig|first=Jessica|date=June 11, 2015|title=Everything you need to know about PornHub's plans to pioneer the world's first sex tape in space|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pornhub-is-making-a-sex-tape-in-space-2015-6|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name="HuffingtonPost1">{{cite news|last=Moye|first=David|date=June 10, 2015|title=Pornhub Crowdfunds First Porn Shot in Space|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/10/first-porn-in-space_n_7553126.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref> Sins and fellow actress Eva Lovia were slated to perform in the film.<ref name="CNBC">{{cite web|last=Guzman|first=Zack|date=June 10, 2015|title=Pornhub launches crowdfund to film movie in space|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/10/pornhub-launches-crowdfund-to-film-movie-in-space.html|publisher=[[CNBC]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name="R29">{{cite web|last=Glickman|first=Amanda|date=June 11, 2015|title=Pornhub Is Making The First Adult Film Shot in Space|url=https://www.refinery29.com/2015/06/89011/pornhub-space-film-indiegogo|publisher=[[Refinery29]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref> If the project were successfully funded, the two would have received six months of rigorous preparation for the launch, including [[weightlessness|zero gravity]], velocity, and temperature training.<ref name="Mic">{{cite web|last=Plenke|first=Max|date=June 10, 2015|title=Pornhub Is Raising $3.4 Million to Film the First Sex Tape in Space|url=https://mic.com/articles/120474/space-sex-pornhub-indiegogo-first-porn-in-space#.IsnpywZff|publisher=[[Mic (media company)|Mic]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name="WashingtonPost"/> When asked about the opportunity, Sins said, "It's beyond just doing it for the money, or the money shot for that matter. It's about making history."<ref name="Motherboard">{{cite web|last=Koebler|first=Jason|date=June 11, 2015|title=A Q&A With the Porn Stars Who Hope to Have Sex in Space|url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/z4m9vj/a-qa-with-the-porn-stars-who-hope-to-have-sex-in-space|publisher=[[Motherboard (website)|Motherboard]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> The campaign raised $236,086 over 60 days, failing to reach its goal of $3.4&nbsp;million.<ref name="Indiegogo">{{cite web|title=Pornhub Space Program&nbsp;– Sexploration|url=https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/pornhub-space-program-sexploration#/|publisher=[[Indiegogo]]|access-date=August 31, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
In early 2017, Sins and pornographic actress Kissa Sins (his then-wife) launched their [[YouTube]] channel SinsTV, which chronicles their day-to-day lives and features sex advice.<ref name="XBIZ5">{{cite web|title=Kissa, Johnny Sins Debut YouTube Channel|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/219102/kissa-johnny-sins-debut-youtube-channel|publisher=XBIZ|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Vice2">{{cite magazine|last=Hay|first=Mark|date=January 24, 2017|title=We Asked a Male Porn Star How to Jizz Good|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/9ad5k8/we-asked-a-male-porn-star-how-to-jizz-good|magazine=Vice|access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref> As of May 2021, the channel has accrued 1.73&nbsp;million subscribers. A video of Sins trying out various Turkish snacks briefly became the top YouTube video in Turkey.<ref name="Slate"/><ref name="Cosmo">{{cite magazine|last=Macmillen|first=Hayley|date=April 26, 2018|title= Feast Your Eyes on the Most Searched-For Male Porn Stars|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a8566083/pornhub-top-male-porn-star-searches/|magazine=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Insider">{{cite web|last=Hu|first=Nian|date=April 20, 2018|title=This famous porn star is going viral on YouTube&nbsp;– but the only thing he's doing is eating snacks|url=https://www.thisisinsider.com/male-porn-star-johnny-sins-eats-turkish-snacks-on-youtube-viral-2018-4|publisher=[[Insider Inc.|Insider]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2018, images of Sins alongside several other porn stars were painted on the side of a bus that traveled around [[Kerala]] in India.<ref name="TNM">{{cite web|last=Raj Gatty|first=Harsha|date=July 3, 2018|title=Porn-stars are part of pop culture, says owner of Kerala's very adult bus for teens|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/porn-stars-are-part-pop-culture-says-owner-kerala-s-very-adult-bus-teens-84098|publisher=[[The News Minute]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="https://web.archive.org/web/20130329112839/http://avnawards.avn.com/2011_nominations2.pdfTheWeek">{{cite magazine|last=Paul|first=Cithara|date=July 4, 2018|title=Kerala's 'pornstar bus': Hot on trail with Mia Khalifa and Sunny Leone|url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/society/2018/07/04/kerala-pornstar-bus-hot-trail-with-mia-khalifa-sunny-leone-johnny-sins.html|magazine=[[The Week (magazine)|The Week]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> The [[mural]] was part of a marketing campaign aimed to boost college tour rides.<ref name="TNM"/> Later that year, Sins received the award for Most Popular Male Performer by Women at the annual [[Pornhub Awards]],<ref name="RS">{{cite magazine|last=Swann|first=Jennifer|date=September 7, 2018|title=Inside the Kanye-Helmed PornHub Awards|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/kanye-west-pornhub-awards-720366/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]|access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref><ref name="XBIZ8">{{cite web|last=Pardon|first=Rhett|date=September 7, 2018|title=Pornhub Awards Puts Spotlight on Industry's Best and Kanye West|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/238548/pornhub-awards-puts-spotlight-on-industrys-best-and-kanye-west|publisher=XBIZ|access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref> for which winners were determined by users' streaming data.<ref name="RS"/><br />
<br />
As of mid-2019, Sins has stopped making porn videos but stated that he may return in the future.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjqztA8ZFiI|title=Did I Quit?!?|access-date=January 4, 2020|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Sins currently resides in Las Vegas. He was previously married to pornographic actress Kissa Sins.<ref name="Vice1">{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/it/article/zmvnpy/johnny-sins-brazzers-10-domande|title=10 domande che hai sempre voluto fare al pelato di Brazzers|last=Urdaneta|first=Diego|date=July 5, 2017|publisher=[[Vice Media]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref> They separated in 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kissa Sins on Instagram: "Okokok everyone keeps asking us so here are all your answers lol. Yes I dated Ozzy last year after Johnny Sins and I broke up. Yes Ozzy…"|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B79MOe8HOoj/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Instagram|language=en}}</ref> but remain close friends.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kissa Sins on Instagram: "After a year of traveling around the world I spent a month with #JohnnySins in Los Cabos, Mexico (yes he's still in IG jail) he moved to…"|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B9SHODmHrMv/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Instagram|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In October 2017, a picture of Sins was tweeted by a user claiming he was missing after the [[2017 Las Vegas shooting|Las Vegas shooting]].<ref name="USAToday">{{cite news|last=Hafner|first=Josh|date=October 2, 2017|title=Las Vegas shooting: Hoaxes arise online after tragedy|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/10/02/las-vegas-shooting-hoaxes-arise-online-after-tragedy/723641001/|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="WashingtonPost2">{{cite news|last=Ohlheiser|first=Abby|date=October 3, 2017|title=A running list of viral hoaxes and misinformation about the Las Vegas shooting|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/10/02/a-running-list-of-viral-hoaxes-and-misinformation-about-the-las-vegas-shooting/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Mashable">{{cite web|last=Mezzofiore|first=Gianluca|date=October 2, 2017|title=A troll explains why he tweeted a fake 'missing dad' picture from the Las Vegas shooting|url=https://mashable.com/2017/10/02/troll-fake-las-vegas-victim-picture/#eQYPTep3tmq2|work=Mashable|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> The tweet was one of many viral hoaxes that emerged related to the shooting.<ref name="USAToday"/><ref name="WashingtonPost2"/><br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="infobox"<br />
<br />
|+ <span style="font-size: 10pt">'''List of accolades received by Johnny Sins'''</span><br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=3 |<br />
{| class="collapsible collapsed" width=100%<br />
! colspan=3 style="background-color: #D9E8FF; text-align:center;"|Awards and nominations<br />
|-<br />
|-style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Award'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#cec; text- size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Won'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#fcd; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Nominated'''<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<br />
;AVN Award<br />
|{{won|2}}<br />
|{{nom|19}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<br />
;Pornhub Award<br />
|{{won|1}}<br />
|{{nom|0}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<br />
;XBIZ Award<br />
|{{won|1}}<br />
|{{nom|10}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<br />
;XRCO Award<br />
|{{won|0}}<br />
|{{nom|4}}<br />
|}<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|-style="background:#d9e8ff;"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|<br />
;'''Total numbers of wins and nominations'''<br />
|-<br />
|{{won|'''Totals'''}}<br />
|{{won|'''4'''}}<br />
|{{nom|'''33'''}}<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:75%;"<br />
|-<br />
! width=25%| Award<br />
! style="width:10%;"| Year<br />
! style="width:28%;"| Nominated work<br />
! style="width:33%;"| Category<br />
! style="width:10%;"| Result<br />
! width=5%|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="21"| [[AVN Award]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| [[26th AVN Awards|2008]]<br />
| ''Fuck Club''<br />
| Best Couples Sex Scene&nbsp;– Video<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=The 2008 AVN Awards Nominations|url=http://www.avnawards.com/pdf/2008Nominations.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227073556/http://www.avnawards.com/pdf/2008Nominations.pdf|archive-date=February 27, 2008|access-date=September 9, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| [[27th AVN Awards|2009]]<br />
| ''Cheerleaders''<br />
| Best Group Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=2009 AVN Award Nominations|url=http://www.avnawards.com/pdf/2009_AVN_NOMINATIONS_11_25_08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105164506/http://www.avnawards.com/pdf/2009_AVN_NOMINATIONS_11_25_08.pdf|archive-date=January 5, 2009|access-date=September 9, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Johnny Sins<br />
| Best Male Newcomer<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''Cheerleaders''<br />
| Best Three-Way Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| [[28th AVN Awards|2010]]<br />
| ''Cum-Spoiled Sluts''<br />
| Best Three-Way Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 AVN Award Nominees|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/nominees/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304153045/http://avnawards.avn.com/nominees/|archive-date=March 4, 2010|access-date=September 9, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| [[29th AVN Awards|2011]]<br />
| ''Big Butts Like It Big 6''<br />
| Best Anal Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/2011_nominations2.pdf|title=2011 AVN Award Nominations|access-date=September 4, 2018|magazine=AVN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329112839/http://avnawards.avn.com/2011_nominations2.pdf|archive-date=March 29, 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Performers of the Year 2010''<br />
| Best Couples Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Johnny Sins<br />
| Unsung Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[29th AVN Awards|2012]]<br />
| ''Introducing the Russo Twins''<br />
| Most Outrageous Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/2012_AVN_Awards_nominations.pdf|title=2012 AVN Award Nominations |access-date=September 4, 2018|magazine=AVN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329124455/http://avnawards.avn.com/2012_AVN_Awards_nominations.pdf|archive-date=March 29, 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Johnny Sins<br />
| Unsung Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[30th AVN Awards|2013]]<br />
| ''Brazzers Presents: The Parodies 2''<br />
| Best Three-Way Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/2013_nominations.pdf|title=2013 AVN Award Nominations|access-date=September 4, 2018|magazine=AVN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328092725/http://avnawards.avn.com/2013_nominations.pdf|archive-date=March 28, 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Johnny Sins<br />
| Unsung Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| [[31st AVN Awards|2014]]<br />
| ''Bridesmaids''<br />
| Best Group Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/page/3|title=2014 AVN Award Nominees|access-date=September 4, 2018|magazine=AVN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126094717/http://avnawards.avn.com/page/3|archive-date=January 26, 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[32nd AVN Awards|2015]]<br />
| rowspan="2"| Johnny Sins<br />
| Favorite Male Porn Star<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/4|title=2015 AVN Award Nominees|access-date=September 4, 2018|magazine=AVN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125015310/http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/4|archive-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year|Male Performer of the Year]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="IAFD1"/><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| [[33rd AVN Awards|2016]]<br />
| ''Sins Life Part 2''<br />
| Best Boy/Girl Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/8|title=2016 AVN Award Nominations|access-date=September 4, 2018|magazine=AVN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120162020/http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/8|archive-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| [[34th AVN Awards|2017]]<br />
| Johnny Sins<br />
| Favorite Male Porn Star<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AVN4">{{cite magazine|last=Smithberg|first=Allen|date=January 21, 2017|title=2017 AVN Award Winners Announced|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2017-avn-award-winners-announced-712151.html|magazine=AVN|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| [[35th AVN Awards|2018]]<br />
| ''Young and Beautiful 3''<br />
| Best Boy/Girl Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AVN5">{{cite magazine|title=Vicki Chase Earns 4 Noms for AVN Awards|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/vicki-chase-earns-4-noms-for-avn-awards-751991.html|magazine=AVN|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Sins Life: Sex Tour''<br />
| Best Three-Way Sex Scene<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"| Johnny Sins<br />
| Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AVN1"/><br />
|-<br />
| Favorite Male Porn Star<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AVN3">{{cite magazine|last=Roland|first=John|date=January 28, 2018|title=2018 AVN Award Winners Announced|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2018-avn-award-winners-announced-759869.html|magazine=AVN|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Pornhub|Pornhub Award]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| 2018<br />
| Most Popular Male Performer by Women<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="RS"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11"| [[XBIZ Award]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| 2010<br />
| Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Javors|first=Steve|date=December 16, 2009|title=XBIZ Announces Finalist Nominees for 2010 XBIZ Awards|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/115720/xbiz-announces-finalist-nominees-for-2010-xbiz-awards|publisher=XBIZ|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| 2014<br />
| ''Bridesmaids''<br />
| Best Scene&nbsp;– Feature Movie<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|title=2014 XBIZ Award Nominees|access-date=September 4, 2018|publisher=[[XBIZ]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209032322/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|archive-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Big Tits at Work 17''<br />
| rowspan="2"| Best Scene&nbsp;– Vignette Release<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''My Dad's Hot Girlfriend 17''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Johnny Sins<br />
| Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| 2015<br />
| ''Doctor's Orders''<br />
| rowspan="2"| Best Scene&nbsp;– Vignette Release<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Gray|first=Lila|date=November 12, 2013|title=XBIZ Announces Movies & Production Nominees for 2015 XBIZ Awards|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/187748/xbiz-announces-movies-production-nominees-for-2015-xbiz-awards|publisher=XBIZ|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 2016<br />
| ''Let's Play Doctor''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="XBIZ6">{{cite web|last=Pardon|first=Rhett|date=January 16, 2016|title=2016 XBIZ Award Winners Announced|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/203206/2016-xbiz-award-winners-announced|publisher=XBIZ|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Johnny Sins<br />
| Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|title=2016 XBIZ Award Nominees|access-date=September 4, 2018|publisher=XBIZ|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101433/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|archive-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 2017<br />
| ''I Have a Wife 36''<br />
| Best Scene&nbsp;– Vignette Release<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="XBIZ4">{{cite web|last=Pardon|first=Rhett|date=November 17, 2016|title=XBIZ Announces Finalist Nominees for 2017 XBIZ Awards|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/214472/xbiz-announces-finalist-nominees-for-2017-xbiz-awards|publisher=XBIZ|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Johnny Sins<br />
| Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| 2018<br />
| ''Natural Beauties 2''<br />
| Best Sex Scene&nbsp;– Vignette Release<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="XBIZ3">{{cite web|last=Freixes|first=Alejandro|date=November 16, 2017|title=XBIZ Announces Finalist Nominees for 2018 XBIZ Awards|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/231720/xbiz-announces-finalist-nominees-for-2018-xbiz-awards|publisher=XBIZ|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"| [[XRCO Award]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| 2009<br />
| rowspan="4"| Johnny Sins<br />
| New Stud<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Sullivan|first=David|date=February 26, 2009|title=XRCO Names 25th Annual Award Nominees|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-names-25th-annual-award-nominees-305162.html|magazine=AVN|access-date=September 9, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| 2014<br />
| Male Performer of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AVN2">{{cite magazine|last=Warren|first=Peter|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-announces-2014-nominations-550047.html|title=XRCO Announces 2014 Nominations|magazine=AVN|date=February 20, 2014|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| 2015<br />
| rowspan="2"| Unsung Swordsman of the Year<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="XBIZ1">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Dan|date=March 3, 2015|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-announces-2015-nominees-589904.html |title=XRCO Announces 2015 Nominees|publisher=[[XBIZ]]|access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"| 2017<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="XBIZ2">{{cite web|last=Santana|first=Melissa|date=March 10, 2017|url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/217794|title=2017 XRCO Awards Nominations Announced |publisher=XBIZ |access-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{iafd name|id=JohnnySins|gender=male|name=Johnny Sins}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|2356225}}<br />
*{{official website|http://sinslife.com/}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sins, Johnny}}<br />
[[Category:1978 births]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male pornographic film actors]]<br />
[[Category:American pornographic film directors]]<br />
[[Category:American pornographic film producers]]<br />
[[Category:Internet memes]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Pittsburgh]]<br />
[[Category:Male adult models]]<br />
[[Category:Male models from Pennsylvania]]<br />
[[Category:Male YouTubers]]<br />
[[Category:Video bloggers]]<br />
[[Category:Male bloggers]]<br />
[[Category:American YouTubers]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Walker&diff=139222Paul Walker2021-08-26T10:30:09Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{about|the American actor|other people named Paul Walker|Paul Walker (disambiguation)}} {{short description|American actor (1973–2013)}} {{Use md..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}<br />
{{about|the American actor|other people named Paul Walker|Paul Walker (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{short description|American actor (1973–2013)}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=December 2012}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Paul Walker<br />
| image = PaulWalkerEdit-1.jpg<br />
| caption = Walker at the premiere of ''[[Fast & Furious (2009 film)|Fast & Furious]]'' in [[London]], March 2009<br />
| birth_name = Paul William Walker IV<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1973|9|12}}<br />
| birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Glendale, California]], U.S.}}<br />
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{Death date and age|2013|11|30|1973|9|12}}}}<br />
| death_place = [[Santa Clarita, California]], U.S.<br />
| death_cause = Injuries sustained from [[single-vehicle crash|single-vehicle collision]]<br />
{{labeldata|Buried|[[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]]<br/>[[Hollywood Hills|Hollywood Hills, California]], U.S.}}<br />
| education = [[Village Christian Schools|Village Christian School]]<br />
| net_worth = $25&nbsp;million (2014)<ref name="people">{{cite news|title=Paul Walker Leaves Entire $25 Million Estate to Daughter|url=http://people.com/celebrity/paul-walker-leaves-entire-25-million-estate-to-daughter/|access-date=March 8, 2017|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=February 4, 2014}}</ref><ref name="BInsider">Weisman, Aly. [http://www.businessinsider.com/paul-walker-left-entire-25-million-estate-to-15-year-old-daughter-2014-2?IR=T "Paul Walker Left His Entire $25 Million Estate To His 15-Year-Old Daughter — But Things Could Get Messy"], [[Business Insider]], published April 2, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2015.</ref><br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Cody Walker (actor)|Cody Walker]] (brother)|Caleb Walker (brother)}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<ref name="people"/><ref name="BInsider"/><br />
| years_active = 1984–2013<br />
| children = Meadow Rain Walker<br />
| signature = Paul Walker Signature.svg<br />
}}<br />
'''Paul William Walker IV'''<ref name="WGN-Newsat9">{{cite episode|series=WGN News at Nine|station=[[WGN-TV]]/[[WGN America]]|location=Chicago, IL|date=November 30, 2013|time=21:32 [[Central Standard Time|CST]] (32 minutes)}}</ref> (September 12, 1973<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news|title=Paul Walker – Biography|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/237780/Paul-Walker/biography|url-status=dead|access-date=March 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204095120/https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/237780/Paul-Walker/biography|publisher=[[Baseline (database)|Baseline]]. [[All Movie Guide]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Rebecca Flint Marx|date=2013|archive-date=December 4, 2013}}</ref> – November 30, 2013) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as [[Brian O'Conner]] in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' franchise.<br />
<br />
Walker began his career as a child actor in the 1980s, gaining recognition in the 1990s after appearing in the television soap opera ''[[The Young and the Restless]]''; he received praise for his performances in the [[teen film|teen comedy]] ''[[She's All That]]'' and the [[comedy-drama]] ''[[Varsity Blues (film)|Varsity Blues]]'' (both 1999), and saw international fame by starring in ''[[The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)|The Fast and the Furious]]'' (2001).<br />
<br />
Walker also starred in the commercially successful [[road film|road]] [[thriller film|thriller]] ''[[Joy Ride (2001 film)|Joy Ride]]'' (2001), becoming an [[List of action film actors|action star]]. He followed this with the box-office disappointments ''[[Into the Blue (2005 film)|Into the Blue]]'' (2005) and ''[[Running Scared (2006 film)|Running Scared]]'' (2006), although he earned praise for his performance in the survival drama ''[[Eight Below]]'', and for his portrayal of [[Hank Hansen]] in ''[[Flags of Our Fathers (film)|Flags of Our Fathers]]'' (both 2006). Outside of these, Walker largely appeared in low budget action films, but starred in the commercially successful [[heist film]] ''[[Takers]]'' (2010).<br />
<br />
Walker [[Paul Walker#Death|died from injuries]] sustained from a [[single-vehicle crash|single-vehicle collision]] on November 30, 2013. His father and daughter filed separate [[Wrongful death claim|wrongful death lawsuits]] against [[Porsche]], which resulted in [[Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]s. At the time of his death, Walker had not completed filming ''[[Furious 7]]'' (2015); it was released after rewrites and stand-ins, including his brothers [[Cody Walker (actor)|Cody]] and Caleb, filled in for Walker, while the song "[[See You Again]]" by [[Wiz Khalifa]] and [[Charlie Puth]] was commissioned as a tribute.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Merry|first1=Stephanie|last2=Yahr|first2=Emily|title=Golden Globes nominations 2016: Complete list|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/12/10/golden-globes-nominations-2016-complete-coverage/|access-date=December 10, 2015|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 10, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Walker was born on September 12, 1973, in [[Glendale, California]]. He had mostly English, as well as German, Swiss, and Irish ancestry.<ref><br />
*{{cite news|title=Paul William Walker II|url=http://theworldlink.com/news/local/obituaries/paul-william-walker-ii/article_24f1696b-1673-57ac-8019-791d135e25e2.html|access-date=December 22, 2013}}<br />
*{{cite journal|title=Paul William Walker II 1930 United States Census|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/XC96-MHS|publisher=[[FamilySearch]]|access-date=December 22, 2013}}<br />
*{{cite news|title=Meet Paul Walker|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ASknAAAAIBAJ&pg=4376,3289087&dq=meet-paul-walker&hl=en|access-date=December 3, 2013|newspaper=[[Spartanburg Herald-Journal]]|date=March 29, 2006}}</ref> His mother, Cheryl ([[Given name#Name at birth|née]] Crabtree), was a fashion model,<ref name="canoe.ca">{{cite web|last=Hobson|first=Louis B.|date=June 17, 2001|title=Paul Walker kicks it into high gear|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/W/Walker_Paul/2001/06/17/762482.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130922000611/http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/W/Walker_Paul/2001/06/17/762482.html|archive-date=September 22, 2013|access-date=December 5, 2013|website=Canoe.ca}}</ref> and his father, Paul William Walker III, was a sewer contractor and former amateur [[Boxing|boxer]], who was a two-time [[Golden Gloves]] champion.<ref name="famedive">{{cite news|last=Keck|first=William|title=Fame lets Paul Walker dive in|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-09-27-paul-walker_x.htm|access-date=December 3, 2013|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=September 27, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Atkin|first=Hillary|title=Walker's in the 'Fast' lane to film stardom|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2003-06-05-paul-walker_x.htm|access-date=December 3, 2013|newspaper=USA Today|date=June 6, 2003}}</ref> Walker's paternal grandfather, William, had a short-lived boxing career as "Irish" Billy Walker, while another raced factory cars for [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] in the 1960s.<ref name="canoe.ca"/><br />
<br />
Raised a [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Mormon]],<ref name="famedive"/> Walker had four younger siblings: Aimee, Ashlie, Caleb, and [[Cody Walker (actor)|Cody]]. He spent the majority of his early life in the [[Sunland-Tujunga, Los Angeles|Sunland]] neighborhood of Los Angeles, and graduated from [[Village Christian Schools|Village Christian School]] in 1991.<ref>{{cite news|date=December 1, 2013|title=Stars React To Paul Walker's Death, Other Crash Victim Identified|publisher=[[CBS Los Angeles]]|url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2013/12/01/stars-react-to-paul-walkers-death-other-crash-victim-identified/|access-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref><ref name="gazzar">{{cite news|first=Brenda|last=Gazzar|date=December 1, 2013|title='Fast & Furious' star Paul Walker remembered as kind, carefree|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|url=http://www.dailynews.com/arts-and-entertainment/20131201/fast-furious-star-paul-walker-remembered-as-kind-carefree|access-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref> Walker subsequently attended several community colleges in [[Southern California]], majoring in [[marine biology]].<ref name=Tribute>{{cite web|title=Paul Walker Bio: Fast & Furious Actor|url=http://www.tribute.ca/people/paul-walker/1379/17622/|work=[[Tribute (magazine)|Tribute]]|publisher=Tribute Entertainment Media Group|access-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Walker began a modelling career as a toddler, starring in a television commercial for [[Pampers]] at age two. He continued to appear in commercials, most notably for [[Showbiz Pizza]] in 1984,<ref>{{cite web|last=Youtube|title=Showbiz Pizza Commercial|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbvC9gcf_Yw|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307140250/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbvC9gcf_Yw|archive-date=March 7, 2013|access-date=July 3, 2012|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> before beginning an acting career on television that year, appearing in the teen anthology series ''[[CBS Schoolbreak Special]]''. Walker continued to work in television until 1996, across a number of genres; he appeared in two episodes of the fantasy drama ''[[Highway to Heaven]]'' between 1984 and 1986, and secured his first leading role in 1987, appearing as Jeremy Beatty in the sitcom ''[[Throb]]''. He continued to feature on sitcoms in the early 1990s, with guest roles in ''[[Charles in Charge]]'', ''[[Who's the Boss?]]'', and the short-lived ''[[What a Dummy]]''. In 1993, he portrayed Brandon Collins on the soap opera ''[[The Young and the Restless]]''; he and co-star [[Heather Tom]], who played Victoria Newman, gained fame, and were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Actress in a Soap Opera at the Youth in Film Awards. Walker's final television role was on ''[[Touched by an Angel]]'', although appeared as himself, alongside his sister Ashlie, as contestants on a 1988<!--1987 according to [[I'm Telling!]]--> episode of the game show ''[[I'm Telling!]]'', in which they finished in second place.<br />
<br />
Walker began his film career in 1986, appearing mainly in low budget [[B movie|B film]]s. His first role was in the [[horror film|horror]] [[comedy film|comedy]] ''[[Monster in the Closet]]'', and a year later, starred in The Retaliator (retroactively subtitled ''Programmed to Kill''), a [[science fiction film]]. In 1994, he returned to film, starring in ''[[Tammy and the T-Rex]]'', but secured his first feature film role in the comedy ''[[Meet the Deedles]]'' in 1998; although commercially and critically unsuccessful, it allowed Walker to secure [[Supporting actor|supporting]] roles in the films ''[[Pleasantville (film)|Pleasantville]]'' (1998), ''[[Varsity Blues (film)|Varsity Blues]]'' (1999), ''[[She's All That]]'' (1999), and ''[[The Skulls (film)|The Skulls]]'' (2000).{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}<br />
<br />
{{quote box|width=30%|align=left|quote="[Walker] is that guy. As a director, [Walker is] completely supportive of my vision of what the film is. And even better, he's completely game for it."|source=—[[Wayne Kramer (filmmaker)|Wayne Kramer]], who directed and cast Walker in ''[[Running Scared (2006 film)|Running Scared]]'' (2006).<ref name="Kramer">{{cite web|last=Murray|first=Rebecca|title=Interview with 'Running Scared' writer/director Wayne Kramer|url=http://movies.about.com/od/runningscared/a/runningwk021406.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|access-date=September 28, 2008}}</ref>}}<br />
In 2001, Walker's breakthrough role arrived when he starred opposite [[Vin Diesel]] in the action film ''[[The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)|The Fast and the Furious]]''; it was commercially successful, and subsequently launched a media franchise. The film also established Walker as a film star and leading man, as his performance garnered the [[MTV Movie Award]] for [[MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo|Best On-Screen Team]] (shared with Diesel) in 2002. Walker also starred in the critically successful thriller ''[[Joy Ride (2001 film)|Joy Ride]]'' (2001), also focusing on car-related action, and reprised his role as Brian O'Conner in the 2003 sequel ''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]''. After this, Walker starred mainly in either low-budget or commercially unsuccessful films for a time, notably ''[[Timeline (2003 film)|Timeline]]'' (2003) and ''[[Into the Blue (2005 film)|Into the Blue]]'' (2005).<br />
<br />
[[File:Fast Five Cast 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Picture of ''Fast Five'' cast (From left) [[Dwayne Johnson]], [[Ludacris]], [[Jordana Brewster]], [[Vin Diesel]], and Walker with [[Natalie Morales (journalist)|Natalie Morales]] for [[NBC]]'s ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today Show]]'' taken in April 2011.]]<br />
Walker had a supporting role, portraying [[Hank Hansen]] [[Clint Eastwood]]'s war film ''[[Flags of Our Fathers (film)|Flags of Our Fathers]]'' (2006), and starred in the survival drama ''[[Eight Below]]'', both released in 2006. ''Eight Below'' garnered critical acclaim and opened in first place at the box office, grossing over US$20&nbsp;million during its opening weekend.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eight Below (2006) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=antarctica.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=September 28, 2008}}</ref> Walker then starred in the independent film ''[[The Lazarus Project]]'', which was released on [[DVD]] on October 21, 2008.<br />
<br />
Despite initial reluctance, Walker reprised his role as Brian O'Conner after seven years, in ''[[Fast & Furious (2009 film)|Fast & Furious]]'' (2009). The film became the highest-grossing film in the franchise up until that point.<ref name="Apple">{{cite web|title=Apple – Movie Trailers – ''Fast and Furious''|url=https://www.apple.com/trailers/universal/fastandfurious|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909034859/http://www.apple.com/trailers/universal/fastandfurious/|archive-date=September 9, 2008|access-date=September 28, 2008|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]}}</ref> He then reprised his role in the [[Fast Five|fifth]] and [[Fast & Furious 6|sixth]] installments of the franchise, which were commercially successful, while his performances were praised. Walker was nominated for Choice Movie Actor – Action at the 2011 [[Teen Choice Award]]s for the former, and nominated for Choice Movie: Chemistry (with Diesel and [[Dwayne Johnson]]) and won his second MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo with Diesel for the latter. Walker also starred in the heist film ''[[Takers]]'' (2010),<ref name="BoneDeep">{{cite news|last=Fleming|first=Michael|date=September 9, 2008|title=Screen Gems digs up 'Bone' cast|newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|url=https://variety.com/2008/film/news/screen-gems-digs-up-bone-cast-1117991957/|url-status=dead|access-date=December 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021182524/https://variety.com/2008/film/news/screen-gems-digs-up-bone-cast-1117991957/|archive-date=October 21, 2013}}</ref> and returned to modelling in 2011, appearing as the face of [[fragrance]] brand [[Cool Water (perfume)|Cool Water]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Coty Prestige Announces Agreement with Paul Walker|url=http://multivu.prnewswire.com/mnr/prne/cotydavidoff/47576/|access-date=December 3, 2013|agency=[[PR Newswire]]|date=January 14, 2011}}</ref> In 2012, he founded the film production company Laguna Ridge Pictures, which signed a [[first-look deal]] with ''Fast & Furious'' distributor [[Universal Pictures]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=2012-02-21|title=Paul Walker inks first-look deal with Universal|url=https://variety.com/2012/film/news/paul-walker-inks-first-look-deal-with-universal-1118050532/|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
After his death in 2013, four films starring Walker were released; the thriller film ''[[Hours (2013 film)|Hours]]'' (2013), the action film ''[[Brick Mansions]]'' (2014), itself a remake of the French film ''[[District 13]]'' (2004). He also served as executive producer on the film ''[[Pawn Shop Chronicles]]'' (2013), while ''[[Furious 7]]'', originally slated for release in 2014, was pushed back to recreate Walker's likeness. The filmmakers hired [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[Weta Digital]] visual effects house to complete this,<ref name="Giardina">{{cite news|last1=Giardina|first1=Carolyn|title=How 'Furious 7' Brought the Late Paul Walker Back to Life|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/how-furious-7-brought-late-845763|access-date=6 January 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=11 December 2015|location=Los Angeles}}</ref> using existing reference materials, Walker's brothers Caleb and [[Cody Walker (actor)|Cody]], as well as actor John Brotherton, as stand-ins,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deadline.com/2014/04/paul-walker-brothers-fast-furious-7-filming-help/ |title=Paul Walker's Brothers Jumping In To Help Finish 'Fast & Furious 7' Action Scenes |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=April 15, 2014 |access-date=May 4, 2014}}</ref> and outtakes or older footage,<ref name="Giardina"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/2015/10/20/9577863/furious-7-used-350-cgi-shots-of-paul-walker|title=Furious 7 used 350 CGI shots of Paul Walker|first=Julia|last=Alexander|date=October 20, 2015|website=Polygon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a674223/furious-7-effects-team-open-up-about-creating-un-filmed-paul-walker-scenes/|title=How CGI saved Fast 7's Paul Walker scenes|first=Sam|last=Warner|date=October 17, 2015|website=Digital Spy}}</ref> to create an accurate remodel of Walker's face. The film was then released in 2015,<ref>* {{cite news|date=December 1, 2013|title=Report: Paul Walkers death forces delay of Fast and Furious 7 shoot|newspaper=[[HitFix]]|url=http://www.hitfix.com/news/paul-walkers-death-forces-delay-of-fast-and-furious-7-shoot|url-status=dead|access-date=December 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202205945/http://www.hitfix.com/news/paul-walkers-death-forces-delay-of-fast-and-furious-7-shoot|archive-date=December 2, 2013}}<br />
* [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/confidential/fast-furious-7-double-time-walker-article-1.1728704 'Fast & Furious 7' will shoot scenes with doubles and replace Paul Walker with CGI to keep him in the film – NY Daily News<!-- Bot generated title -->]<br />
* {{cite web|author=The Deadline Team|title=Paul Walker's Brothers Jumping in to Help Finish 'Fast & Furious 7′ Action Scenes – Deadline|url=https://www.deadline.com/2014/04/paul-walker-brothers-fast-furious-7-filming-help/|work=Deadline}}</ref> and Walker won the award for Choice Movie Actor: Action at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards, and was nominated for Choice Movie: Chemistry (shared with Diesel, Johnson, [[Michelle Rodriguez]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], and [[Ludacris]]).<br />
<br />
Walker was also set to play [[Agent 47]] in the film adaptation ''[[Hitman: Agent 47]]'' (2015), but died before production began.<ref>{{cite news|last=Trumbore|first=Dave|title=Paul Walker Leads HITMAN Reboot in AGENT 47|url=https://collider.com/paul-walker-hitman-reboot|access-date=December 3, 2013|newspaper=Collider}}</ref> It was later revealed Walker declined the role of [[Superman]] in ''[[Superman Returns]]'' (2006), allegedly due to the [[Superman curse]] and the celebrity associated with the role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.superherohype.com/features/83733-paul-walker-on-turning-down-superman|title=Paul Walker on Turning Down Superman|date=November 10, 2003|website=SuperHeroHype}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Walker was raised in a [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Mormon]] household, but later became a [[nondenominational Christianity|non-denominational Christian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/meadow.walker.pauls.daughter.inspired.continue.acting.ff.star.christian.faith/34913.htm |title=Meadow Walker, Paul's daughter inspired him to continue acting; Fast and Furious star on being Christian |work=[[Christian Today]] |date=December 2, 2013 |access-date=August 5, 2016}}</ref> He lived in [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] with his dogs.<ref name=famedive/><ref name=OC>{{cite news|last=Koltnow|first=Barry|title=Just chillin'|url=http://www.ocregister.com/entertainment/walker-118201-ocr-movie.html|access-date=December 3, 2013|newspaper=[[The Orange County Register]]|date=February 18, 2006}}</ref> He and Rebecca Soteros, a one-time girlfriend, had a daughter named Meadow Rain Walker,<ref>{{cite news|title=Paul Walker obituary | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/dec/01/paul-walker |work=[[The Guardian]]|location=UK|access-date=December 5, 2013 |date = December 1, 2013 |first=Ryan |last=Gilbey}}</ref> who lived with her mother in Hawaii for 13 years and then moved to California to live with Walker in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Grady|last=Smith|date=December 1, 2013|title=The sides of Paul Walker you may have missed|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2013/12/01/the-sides-of-paul-walker-you-may-have-missed|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=December 1, 2013|archive-date= December 1, 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131201204428/http://popwatch.ew.com/2013/12/01/the-sides-of-paul-walker-you-may-have-missed|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her godfather is [[Vin Diesel]], with whom Walker shared a close bond; Diesel gave him the nickname "Pablo",<ref>{{cite web|title=Vin Diesel Reacts to Paul Walker's Death: 'I Will Always Love You'|url=https://www.thewrap.com/paul-walker-death-vin-diesel-reacts-will-always-love/|website=The Wrap|access-date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> while Walker's mother referred to her son as Diesel's "other half".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/paul-walker-dead-vin-diesels-2900265|title=Paul Walker death: Vin Diesel's touching Facebook post about how he lost his 'other half'|newspaper=Daily Mirror|date=December 7, 2013|author=Chris Richards}}</ref> Walker was also close friends with fellow ''Fast & Furious'' co-star [[Tyrese Gibson]].<ref>*{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/paul-walker-best-friend-tyrese-2988320|title=Paul Walker best friend Tyrese Gibson still struggling after actor's death|newspaper=Daily Mirror|date=January 4, 2014|author=Owen Tonks|access-date=January 31, 2014}}<br />
*{{cite web|last=Cook|first=Carlton|url=http://crossmap.christianpost.com/news/is-paul-walkers-co-star-tyrese-gibson-converted-from-christianity-to-islam-after-his-visit-to-dubai-8485|title=Has Paul Walker's Co-Star Tyrese Gibson Converted from Christianity to Islam, After His Visit to Dubai?|newspaper=The Christian Post|date=January 16, 2014|access-date=January 31, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220010746/http://crossmap.christianpost.com/news/is-paul-walkers-co-star-tyrese-gibson-converted-from-christianity-to-islam-after-his-visit-to-dubai-8485|archive-date=February 20, 2014}}<br />
*{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2013/12/tyrese-gibson-continues-to-struggle-with-paul-walkers-death/|title=Tyrese Gibson Heartbroken Over Paul Walker's Death|work=ABC News|date=December 4, 2013|access-date=December 10, 2013}}</ref> At the time of his death, Walker was dating Jasmine Pilchard-Gosnell.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Is Jasmine Pilchard-Gosnell? Paul Walker's 23-Year-Old Girlfriend Mourns Actor With Family After Fatal Car Crash |first=Amethyst|last=Tate| work=[[International Business Times]]| date=December 2, 2013|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/who-jasmine-pilchard-gosnell-paul-walkers-23-year-old-girlfriend-mourns-actor-family-after-fatal-car}}</ref><br />
<br />
He held a brown belt in [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] under Ricardo "Franjinha" Miller at Paragon Jiu-Jitsu<ref name=MensHealth>{{cite news|last=Duane|first=Daniel|title=Paul Walker's Adventure Sports Workout Routine|url=http://www.menshealth.com/fitness/paul-walkers-adventure-sports-workout-routine|access-date=December 3, 2013|newspaper=[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]|date=September 6, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-12-04|title=Paul Walker obituary: Co-star of the 'Fast & Furious' franchise which|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/paul-walker-co-star-fast-furious-franchise-which-turned-world-illegal-car-racing-huge-box-office-success-8978627.html|access-date=2021-07-20|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> and was awarded his black belt by Miller posthumously.<ref name=bjpenn>{{cite web |url=http://www.bjpenn.com/paul-walker-receives-bjj-black-belt-at-memorial/ |title=Paul Walker receives BJJ Black Belt at Memorial |publisher=Bjpenn.com |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=December 10, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212221654/http://www.bjpenn.com/paul-walker-receives-bjj-black-belt-at-memorial/ |archive-date=December 12, 2013 }}</ref> Walker founded the [[humanitarian aid]] nonprofit charity [[Reach Out Worldwide]] (ROWW) with financial adviser Roger Rodas in response to the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wealthmanagement.ml.com/wm/pages/ArticleViewer.aspx?TITLE=Call-to-Action|title=Call to Action|publisher=[[Merrill Lynch]]|access-date=November 30, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235315/http://wealthmanagement.ml.com/wm/pages/ArticleViewer.aspx?TITLE=Call-to-Action|archive-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roww.org|title=REACH OUT Worldwide|publisher=REACH OUT Worldwide}}</ref> He traveled to a number of disaster-stricken areas to supply aid until his death.<br />
<br />
[[File:Nissan Skyline - 2 Fast 2 Furious.JPG|thumb|Walker drove a [[Nissan Skyline GT-R#Fifth generation (1999–2002)|R34 Nissan Skyline GT-R]] V-Spec in ''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]''. He later owned the car.|alt=]]<br />
Walker had an interest in [[marine biology]], and joined the board of directors of The Billfish Foundation in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paul Walker and Marine Biology: Foundation Presents Marine Awards|url=http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/17285/20151005/paul-walker-marine-biology-foundation-presents-awards.htm|last=Arnold|first=Catherine|access-date=March 8, 2013|work=Nature World News|date=September 25, 2006}}</ref> He fulfilled a lifelong dream by starring in the [[National Geographic (U.S. TV channel)|National Geographic Channel]] series ''Expedition Great White'' (retroactively retitled ''Shark Men''), which premiered in June 2010.<ref name="starp">{{cite web|url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2009/11/12/paul_walker_leads_shark_expedition_ |title=Paul Walker Leads Shark Expedition |publisher=Starpulse.com |date=November 12, 2009 |access-date=November 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426143308/http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2009/11/12/paul_walker_leads_shark_expedition_ |archive-date=April 26, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="diverw">{{cite web|url=http://www.diverwire.com/scuba-environment-news/358-paul-walker-national-geographic-sharks.html |title=Actor Paul Walker Joins National Geographic Shark Expedition |publisher=DiverWire |date=November 13, 2009 |access-date=November 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203100815/http://www.diverwire.com/scuba-environment-news/358-paul-walker-national-geographic-sharks.html |archive-date=December 3, 2009 }}</ref> Walker spent 11 days catching and tagging seven [[great white shark]]s off the coast of Mexico. The expedition, led by Chris Fischer, founder and CEO of Fischer Productions, and Brett McBride and Michael Domeier of the Marine Conservation Science Institute, took measurements, gathered DNA samples, and fastened real-time satellite tags to the great white sharks, in order to study migratory patterns, especially those associated with mating and birthing, over a five-year period.<ref name="natgeo">{{cite web|url=http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/wild/shark-attack-experiment-live/interactives/expedition-great-white/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116143818/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/wild/shark-attack-experiment-live/interactives/expedition-great-white/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 16, 2012 |title=Expedition Great White |work=[[National Geographic Channel|National Geographic]] |access-date=November 15, 2009 }}</ref><br />
<br />
A car enthusiast, Walker competed in the [[Redline Time Attack]] racing series in which he raced on the AE Performance Team driving a [[BMW M3#E90/92/93 M3|BMW E92 M3]]. His car was sponsored by Etnies, [[Brembo|Brembo Brakes]], [[Öhlins]], [[Volk racing wheels|Volk]], OS Giken, [[Hankook Tire|Hankook]], Gintani, and Reach Out Worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://redlinetimeattack.com/ti/rl/content/7Ye8Ikji.html |title=AE Performance |publisher=[[Redline Time Attack]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322193146/http://redlinetimeattack.com/ti/rl/content/7Ye8Ikji.html |archive-date=March 22, 2010 }}</ref> Walker had been preparing for an [[auto show]] prior to his death.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paul Walker, estrella de "Rápidos y furiosos" falleció en accidente de tránsito|language=es|newspaper=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]|url=http://elcomercio.pe/espectaculos/1666698/noticia-paul-walker-estrella-rapidos-furiosos-fallecio-accidente-transito}}</ref> Walker owned Always Evolving, a Valencia high-end vehicle performance shop, where Rodas, a [[pro-am]] racer,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/03/us/walker-crash-roger-rodas/?c=&page=1|title=Rodas: Racer, manager, friend to Walker|date=December 3, 2013|access-date=June 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Perry|last=Smith|date=November 30, 2013|title=UPDATE: Paul Walker, Santa Clarita CEO Reportedly Killed In Car Crash|url=https://www.hometownstation.com/santa-clarita-news/paul-walker/update-paul-walker-santa-clarita-ceo-reportedly-killed-in-car-crash-39250|publisher=[[KHTS (AM)|KHTS Radio]]|access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> acted as CEO.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.motorsport.com/obituaries/news/walker-and-rodas-you-will-be-missed/|work=Motor Sport|title=Walker and Rodas, you will be missed|date=December 1, 2013|access-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
Walker also had a large car collection of about 30 cars, a portion of which he co-owned along with Rodas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Suit-Over-Paul-Walkers-Car-Collection-Settles-414103003.html|title=Suit Over Paul Walker's Car Collection Settles|work=NBC Southern California|access-date=August 6, 2018|language=en}}</ref> The collection included (but is not limited to):<ref>{{Citation|last=TheSmokingTire|title=Amazing Car Collection at AE Performance|date=October 8, 2012|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U189SwhPXKI|access-date=August 14, 2018}}</ref><br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* A large number of [[Saleen]] Mustangs, including a Saleen SSC [[Ford Mustang (third generation)|(foxbody)]],<br> SA10 [[Ford Mustang (third generation)|(foxbody)]], 2x S281-E [[Ford Mustang (fourth generation)|(SN95)]], S351 Speedster [[Ford Mustang (fourth generation)|(SN95)]], and 6 others <br />
* [[Audi S4#B5 (Type 8D, 1997–2002)|Audi S4 (B5)]]<br />
* [[BMW M1]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/71847/a-look-inside-paul-walkers-garage-photos/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209181300/https://www.motor1.com/news/71847/a-look-inside-paul-walkers-garage-photos/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 9, 2017|title=A Look Inside Paul Walker's Garage [Photos]|work=Motor1.com|access-date=August 14, 2018|language=en}}</ref> <br />
* [[BMW 02 Series#1802|BMW 2002tii Touring]] [[Alpina]] <br />
* 2x [[BMW M3#E30 M3|BMW E30 M3]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bmwblog.com/2015/04/06/paul-walker-a-true-car-enthusiast/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150407113505/http://www.bmwblog.com/2015/04/06/paul-walker-a-true-car-enthusiast/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 7, 2015|title=Paul Walker - A True Car Enthusiast|date=April 6, 2015|work=BMW BLOG|access-date=August 14, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* 3x [[BMW M3#M3 Lightweight (E36)|BMW E36 M3 Lightweight]]<br />
* [[Chevrolet Corvette (C1)]]<br />
* [[Chevrolet Chevelle SS]] convertible<br />
* [[Ferrari 360 Challenge Stradale]]<br />
* [[Ferrari 400]]i<br />
* [[Ferrari F355#Limited Edition Fiorano|Ferrari F355 Spider Fiorano edition]]<br />
* [[Ferrari Testarossa]]<br />
* [[Ford Bronco II]]<br />
* [[Ford GT#First generation (2005–2006)|Ford GT]] (1st gen with a Whipple supercharger producing a claimed 800&nbsp;hp)<br />
* [[Boss 302 Mustang#First generation (1969–1970)|Boss 302 Mustang (1st gen)]]<br />
* [[Ford Mustang Cobra R]]<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* Ford Mustang [[Eleanor (automobile)#Eleanor - 2000 film|Eleanor]] recreation<br />
* 2012 [[Shelby Mustang#2010-2012 Ford Shelby GT500|Ford Mustang Shelby GT500]]<br />
* 2013 [[Shelby Mustang#2013-2014 Ford Shelby GT500|Ford Mustang Shelby GT500]]<br />
* [[Lincoln Continental#Fourth generation (1961–69)|Lincoln Continental (4th gen)]] convertible<br />
* [[Maserati Quattroporte#Quattroporte V (M139, 2003–2012)|Maserati Quattroporte]]<br />
* [[Mercedes-Benz R107 and C107|Mercedes-Benz 560 SL]]<br />
* 2009 [[Nissan 370Z]] (as seen in ''[[Fast Five]]'')<br />
* [[Nissan Skyline GT-R#Fifth generation (1999–2002)|Nissan Skyline GT-R V·Spec (R34)]] <br />
* [[Nissan Silvia S15|Nissan Silvia (S15)]] <br />
* 3x [[Porsche 911 GT3#997.1 GT3 RS|Porsche 911 997 GT3 RS]] (two orange on black, one green on black)<br />
* 2x [[Porsche 930 Turbo]] (both in Guards Red)<br />
* [[Rolls-Royce Ghost]]<br />
* [[Saleen S7]]<br />
* 1965 Shelby Ford Mustang GT350SR continuation car.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.autoblog.com/2013/12/13/paul-walker-car-collection-tour-video/|title=Take a tour of Paul Walker's car collection|work=Autoblog|access-date=August 6, 2018|language=en}}</ref><br />
* [[Toyota Supra#Fourth generation (A80; 1993–2002)|Toyota Supra Mk4]] (targa roof, single turbocharger conversion)<br />
* [[Volvo P1800]] <br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
In January 2020, twenty-one vehicles owned by Walker were sold for a combined $2.33 million during spirited bidding at an annual car auction in Arizona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/fast-and-furious-actor-paul-walker-s-cars-go-under-hammer-fetch-2-33-mn-41579411303606.html|title=Fast and Furious actor Paul Walker's cars go under hammer, fetch $2.33 mn|date=January 19, 2020|website=auto.hindustantimes.com|language=en|access-date=January 19, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
[[File:Herculesstreet.jpg|thumb|right|The site of Walker's death on Hercules Street in [[Santa Clarita]], 2015 ]]<br />
On November 30, 2013, at about 3:30&nbsp;p.m. [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]], Walker, 40, and Roger Rodas, 38, left an event for Walker's charity Reach Out Worldwide for victims of [[Typhoon Haiyan]],<ref name="CNN1">{{cite news|last1=Duke|first1=Alan|last2=Sutton|first2=Joe|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/30/showbiz/actor-paul-walker-dies|title='Fast & Furious' star Paul Walker killed in car crash|publisher=CNN|date=November 30, 2013|access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> with Rodas driving his [[2005 Porsche Carrera GT]].<ref name="CNN2">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/12/04/showbiz/paul-walker-autopsy/index.html|title=Autopsy blames impact and fire for actor Paul Walker's death|publisher=CNN|date=December 4, 2013|access-date=December 18, 2013}}</ref> In a {{convert|45|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} speed zone on Hercules Street in [[Valencia, Santa Clarita, California|Valencia]], a neighborhood of [[Santa Clarita]], California, the car crashed into a concrete lamp post and two trees, catching fire.<ref name="CNN1"/><ref>* {{cite news|date=December 3, 2013|title=Officials: Paul Walker crash not part of street race|work=The Press Democrat|location=Santa Rosa, CA|url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/csp/mediapool/sites/PressDemocrat/News/story.csp?cid=2504882|access-date=December 7, 2013}}<br />
* {{cite news|date=November 30, 2013|title=Publicist: Fast & Furious Actor Paul Walker Dies in Car Crash|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|location=New York|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/11/30/publicist-fast-furious-actor-paul-walker-dies-in-car-crash/|url-status=dead|access-date=November 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209205008/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/11/30/publicist-fast-furious-actor-paul-walker-dies-in-car-crash/|archive-date=December 9, 2013}}<br />
* Schabner, Dean (November 30, 2013). [https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/fast-furious-star-paul-walker-killed-crash/story?id=21059278 'Fast and Furious' Star Paul Walker Killed in Crash"]. [[ABC News]].<br />
* {{cite news|author=Joel Landau|date=November 30, 2013|title=Paul Walker dead at 40: 'Fast and Furious' star killed in fiery car crash|work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/paul-walker-dies-crash-report-article-1.1533786|url-status=dead|access-date=November 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201150104/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/paul-walker-dies-crash-report-article-1.1533786|archive-date=December 1, 2013}}<br />
* {{cite news|date=December 1, 2013|title=Fast & Furious actor Paul Walker dies in California car crash|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-25173331|access-date=December 1, 2013}}</ref> Rodas died of multiple trauma while Walker died from the combined effects of trauma and burns. Both of their bodies were burned beyond recognition.<ref name="CNN2"/><br />
<br />
The curve where Walker and Rodas died is a popular spot for [[Drifting (motorsport)|drifting]] cars.<ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel B.|last=Wood|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2013/1204/Paul-Walker-crash-could-romanticize-growing-street-racing-culture-video|title=Paul Walker crash could 'romanticize' growing street racing culture|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=December 4, 2013|access-date=December 7, 2013}}</ref> No alcohol or other drugs were found in either man's system,<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title= Speed may have been factor in Fast and Furious star Paul Walker's crash|url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/speed-may-have-been-factor-in-fast-and-furious-star-paul-walkers-crash-20140104-30a8v.html|newspaper=Sunday Morning Herald|date=January 4, 2014|access-date=January 4, 2014}}</ref> and neither mechanical failure nor road conditions appeared to play a role.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/vermischtes/article123529013/Walker-Auto-war-fast-100-Stundenkilometer-zu-schnell.html|title="Fast & Furious"-Star : Walker-Auto war fast 100 Stundenkilometer zu schnell|newspaper=Die Welt|language=de|date=January 4, 2014|access-date=January 4, 2014}}</ref> Police found no evidence of [[drag racing]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Paul Walker death investigation: Police rule out second vehicle, focus on speed|url= http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/02/showbiz/paul-walker-death/|publisher=CNN|access-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> The investigation concluded that the car's speed{{snd}}between {{convert|80|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and {{convert|93|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}{{snd}}and age of the tires were the primary reasons for the crash.<ref name="CNNautopsy">{{cite web|last=Duke|first=Alan|title=Investigators: Speed – not drugs, racing or mechanical failure – killed Paul Walker|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/25/showbiz/paul-walker-crash-probe/|publisher=CNN|access-date=March 26, 2014|date=March 26, 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Grave of Paul Walker.JPG|thumb|upright|Grave of Paul Walker at Forest Lawn Hollywood Hills]]<br />
<br />
With ''[[Furious 7]]'' in the middle of filming at the time of Walker's death, Universal announced an indeterminate hiatus on the production, citing a desire to speak with his family before determining what to do with the film.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gonzalez |first=Maricela |url= http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/12/04/paul-walker-fast-furious-7-production-halted-after-stars-death/ |title='Fast & Furious 7' production halted after Paul Walker's death |work=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
Numerous friends and movie stars posted tributes to Walker on [[social media]].<ref name=nzherald>{{cite news |title='Speechless' Vin Diesel pays tribute to Paul Walker |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11165594 |access-date=December 2, 2013 |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |location= Auckland |date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> His body was cremated and his ashes were buried in a non-denominational ceremony at [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/16164396-paul-walker-has-been-buried-at-the-forest-lawn-memorial-park-cemetery-in-the-hollywood-hills-today |title=Paul Walker has been Buried at The Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in the Hollywood Hills Today |publisher=Allvoices.com |date=December 4, 2013 |access-date=December 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114224800/http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/16164396-paul-walker-has-been-buried-at-the-forest-lawn-memorial-park-cemetery-in-the-hollywood-hills-today |archive-date=January 14, 2014 }}</ref> His life was later chronicled in the documentary ''I Am Paul Walker'', which was released on August 11, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/10/entertainment/i-am-paul-walker-review/index.html|title='I Am Paul Walker' brings more nostalgia than depth to actor's life|author=Brian Lowry|website=CNN|access-date=2019-03-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Lawsuits ===<br />
In December 2014, Walker's father filed a [[wrongful death claim]] against Rodas' estate seeking the return of or "a proportionate share" of revenue generated by a group of automobiles that were jointly owned by both Walker and Rodas.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Paul Walker's dad files claim against estate of driver in fatal car crash|url=http://news-briefs.ew.com/2014/12/30/paul-walkers-father-files-1-8-million-creditors-claim-against-driver/|website=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> In September 2015, Walker's daughter filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Porsche, claiming that the Porsche Carrera GT had numerous design defects including a history of instability, and that its seat belt placement can cause harm upon impact.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Paul Walker's teen daughter sues Porsche over his death in fiery crash|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/09/29/paul-walkers-teen-daughter-sues-porsche-over-his-death-in-fiery-crash/|newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]|date = September 29, 2015|access-date = January 7, 2016|issn = 0190-8286|language = en-US|first = Lindsey|last = Bever}}</ref> However, Porsche denied any wrongdoing and blamed Walker, stating: "The perils, risk, and danger were open and obvious and known to him, and he chose to conduct himself in a manner so as to expose himself to such perils, dangers, and risks, thus [[Assumption of risk|assuming all the risks]] involved in using the vehicle."<ref>{{Cite web|title = Porsche Blames Paul Walker For His Own Death|url = https://www.yahoo.com/autos/porsche-blames-paul-walker-for-his-own-death-155422106.html|website = www.yahoo.com|access-date = November 17, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2016, U.S. District Court Judge [[Philip S. Gutierrez]] ruled in favor of Porsche in a separate lawsuit filed by Rodas' widow Kristine.<ref>ANTHONY McCARTNEY, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160405180625/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/0bc4ee18c2504f4babbd3e8da8ae335d/judge-porsche-not-fault-crash-killed-paul-walker Judge: Porsche not at fault in crash that killed Paul Walker] April 5, 2016</ref><ref name=guardian>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/06/judge-rules-porsche-not-to-blame-for-paul-walkers-death | title=Judge rules Porsche not to blame for Paul Walker's death | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=April 6, 2016 | access-date=April 6, 2016 | author=Child, Ben}}</ref> The ruling had no bearing on two other cases against Porsche which have been filed by Walker's father, who is also the executor of the actor's estate, and his daughter.<ref name=guardian/> Walker's father and daughter both reached separate [[Settlement (litigation)|out-of-court settlements]] with Porsche.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-entertainment-news-updates-paul-walker-porsche-settles-1508940377-htmlstory.html|title=Paul Walker's daughter settles with Porsche in wrongful-death suit|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|first=Christie|last=D'Zurilla|date=October 25, 2017|access-date=June 6, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{{Main|Paul Walker filmography}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable" <br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Award<br />
! Category <br />
! Nominated work <br />
! Result <br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award]]<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Team|Best On-Screen Team]] <small>(shared with [[Vin Diesel]]) </small><br />
| style="text-align: center;" | ''[[The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)|The Fast and the Furious]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| rowspan=2| [[Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| [[Teen Choice Awards|Choice Movie Actor – Action]]<br />
| style="text-align: center;" | ''[[Fast Five]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[Teen Choice Awards|Choice Movie: Chemistry]] <small>(shared with Vin Diesel and [[Dwayne Johnson]]) </small><br />
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ''[[Fast & Furious 6]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award]]<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo|Best On-Screen Duo]] <small>(shared with [[Vin Diesel]]) </small><br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2| 2015<br />
| rowspan=2| [[Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| [[Teen Choice Awards|Choice Movie Actor: Action]] <br />
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ''[[Furious 7]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Teen Choice Awards|Choice Movie: Chemistry]] <small>(shared with [[Vin Diesel]], [[Michelle Rodriguez]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], [[Dwayne Johnson]], [[Ludacris]])</small><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|908094|Paul Walker}}<br />
* {{amg name|237780|Paul Walker}}<br />
<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo|state=expanded}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, Paul}}<br />
[[Category:1973 births]]<br />
[[Category:2013 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Accidental deaths in California]]<br />
[[Category:Activists from California]]<br />
[[Category:American car collectors]]<br />
[[Category:American Christians]]<br />
[[Category:American Jeet Kune Do practitioners]]<br />
[[Category:American humanitarians]]<br />
[[Category:American male child actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male models]]<br />
[[Category:American male soap opera actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:American people of English descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of German descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Swiss descent]]<br />
[[Category:American philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu]]<br />
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)]]<br />
[[Category:Christians from California]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from fire in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Former Latter Day Saints]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from California]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Glendale, California]]<br />
[[Category:Male models from California]]<br />
[[Category:People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu]]<br />
[[Category:People from Glendale, California]]<br />
[[Category:Philanthropists from California]]<br />
[[Category:Racing drivers from California]]<br />
[[Category:Road incident deaths in California]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Gayle&diff=138640Chris Gayle2021-08-20T17:05:08Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Jamaican cricketer}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br />
{{Use Jamaican English|date=June 2012}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox cricketer<br />
| name = Chris Gayle<br />
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of Distinction|OD]]<br />
| image = Chris Gayle.png <br />
| fullname = Christopher Henry Gayle <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|9|21|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Kingston, Jamaica]], [[West Indies]]<br />
| nickname = Universe Boss,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1056933|title='I'm the Universe Boss, that will never change' – Chris Gayle on call to retire|work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]]|date=18 February 2019|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Universe Boss' enters new territory |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/chris-morris-300-indian-premier-league-ipl-sixes-kings-xi-punjab/2019-03-31 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=11 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ellis |first1=Brett |title='Universe Boss' for a reason! Chris Gayle becomes the first to smash 300 IPL sixes |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/sports/cricket-universe-boss-for-a-reason-chris-gayle-becomes-the-first-to-smash-300-ipl-sixes-511635 |work=www.indiatvnews.com |access-date=11 May 2019 |date=30 March 2019}}</ref> The Boss,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Laha |first1=Somshuvra |title=When 'The Boss' Chris Gayle seeks 'respect' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/when-the-boss-chris-gayle-seeks-respect/story-7Q8BbczWtCSrm9oPa1NoyJ.html |access-date=8 March 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=16 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Gayle force,<ref>{{cite web |title=Gayle force|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wcm/content/story/139085.html |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date= July 2004|access-date=5 March 2021|language=en}}</ref> Gayle Storm,<ref>{{cite news|title=Raining sixes as Gayle storm hits Mirpur|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/chris-gayle-century-record-19-800-sixes-bangladesh-premier-league-sixes/2017-12-09|date=9 December 2017|access-date=5 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Beware of Gayle storm |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/beware-of-gayle-storm/story-KYfEPxiTYUXqli6wMPxr3N.html|first=Arjun|last=Sen|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=12 June 2009 |access-date=5 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> World Boss,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/icc-world-t20-chris-gayle-100-off-48-showed-why-he-is-still-the-world-boss-be-very-scared-of-windies-2680018.html|title=World T20: 'World Boss' Chris Gayle just one of 11 reasons why West Indies are a tough team to beat|last=Oram|first=David|work=First Post| date=17 March 2016|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> Master Storm,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/news-shots/sports-news/west-indies-wicb-announced-the-inclusion-of-gayle.html|title='Master Storm' to challenge India in West Indies Series!|first=S|last=Vikram|work=behindwoods.com|date=29 July 2019|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> Six Machine<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/9/8775/The-Story-of-Six-Machine-Chris-Gayle|title=The Story of 'Six Machine' Chris Gayle|work=The Citizen|date=21 September 2016|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref><br />
| heightft = 6<br />
| heightinch =2 <br />
| batting = Left-handed<br />
| bowling = Right-arm [[off-break]]<br />
| role = Batting [[all-rounder]]<br />
| country = West Indies<br />
| international = true<br />
| internationalspan = 1999–present<br />
| testdebutdate = 16 March<br />
| testdebutyear = 2000<br />
| testdebutagainst = Zimbabwe<br />
| testcap = 230<br />
| lasttestdate = 5 September<br />
| lasttestyear = 2014<br />
| lasttestagainst = Bangladesh<br />
| odidebutdate = 11 September<br />
| odidebutyear = 1999<br />
| odidebutagainst = India<br />
| odicap = 97<br />
| lastodidate = 14 August<br />
| lastodiyear = 2019<br />
| lastodiagainst = India<br />
| odishirt = 45, 301(last match only)<br />
| T20Idebutdate = 16 February<br />
| T20Idebutyear = 2006<br />
| T20Idebutagainst = New Zealand<br />
| T20Icap = 6<br />
| lastT20Idate = 3 August<br />
| lastT20Iyear = 2021<br />
| lastT20Iagainst = Pakistan<br />
| club1 = [[Jamaica national cricket team|Jamaica]]<br />
<!-- Plays as '''Jamaica Scorpions''' in T20-->| year1 = {{nowrap|1998–2018}}<br />
| club2 = [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]]<br />
| year2 = 2005<br />
| club3 = [[Stanford Superstars]]<br />
| year3 = 2008<br />
| club4 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]<br />
| year4 = {{nowrap|2008–2010}}<br />
| clubnumber4 = <br />
| club5 = [[Western Australia cricket team |Western Australia]]<br />
| year5 = {{nowrap|2009–2011}}<br />
| club6 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]<br />
| year6 = {{nowrap|2011–2017}}<br />
| clubnumber6 = <br />
| club7 = [[Sydney Thunder]]<br />
| clubnumber7 = <br />
| year7 = {{nowrap|2011/12–2012/13}}<br />
| club8 = [[Matabeleland Tuskers]]<br />
| year8 = 2011<br />
| club9 = [[Barisal Burners]]<br />
| year9 = 2012<br />
| club10 = [[Jamaica Tallawahs]]<br />
| year10 = {{nowrap|2013–2016;2019}}<br />
| club11 = [[Dhaka Gladiators]] <!--Gayle only played one game for them--><br />
| year11 = 2013<br />
| club12 = [[Highveld Lions]]<br />
| year12 = 2014<br />
| club13 = [[Melbourne Renegades]], [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]]<br />
| year13 = {{nowrap|2015–2016}}<br />
| club14 = [[Barisal Bulls]]<br />
| year14 = 2015<br />
| club15 = [[Lahore Qalandars]], [[Chittagong Vikings]]<br />
| year15 = 2016<br />
| club16 = [[Karachi Kings]], [[Rangpur Riders]], [[St Kitts and Nevis Patriots]]<br />
| year16 = 2017-2018<br />
| club17 = [[Punjab Kings]], [[Balkh Legends]], [[Jozi Stars]], [[Quetta Gladiators]]<br />
| year17 = 2018–present<br />
| clubnumber = <br />
| columns = 4<br />
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br />
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br />
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]<br />
| column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]<br />
| matches1 = 103<br />
| matches2 = 301<br />
| matches3 = 74<br />
| matches4 = 180<br />
| runs1 = 7,214<br />
| runs2 = 10,480<br />
| runs3 = 1,854<br />
| runs4 = 13,226<br />
| bat avg1 = 42.18<br />
| bat avg2 = 37.83<br />
| bat avg3 = 29.43<br />
| bat avg4 = 44.83<br />
| 100s/50s1 = 15/37<br />
| 100s/50s2 = 25/54<br />
| 100s/50s3 = 2/14<br />
| 100s/50s4 = 32/64<br />
| top score1 = 333<br />
| top score2 = 215<br />
| top score3 = 117<br />
| top score4 = 333<br />
| deliveries1 = 7,109<br />
| deliveries2 = 7,424<br />
| deliveries3 = 375<br />
| deliveries4 = 12,511<br />
| wickets1 = 73<br />
| wickets2 = 167<br />
| wickets3 = 19<br />
| wickets4 = 132<br />
| bowl avg1 = 42.73<br />
| bowl avg2 = 35.48<br />
| bowl avg3 = 22.78<br />
| bowl avg4 = 39.34<br />
| fivefor1 = 2<br />
| fivefor2 = 1<br />
| fivefor3 = 0<br />
| fivefor4 = 2<br />
| tenfor1 = 0<br />
| tenfor2 = 0<br />
| tenfor3 = 0<br />
| tenfor4 = 0<br />
| best bowling1 = 5/34<br />
| best bowling2 = 5/46<br />
| best bowling3 = 2/15<br />
| best bowling4 = 5/34<br />
| catches/stumpings1 = 96/–<br />
| catches/stumpings2 = 124/–<br />
| catches/stumpings3 = 18/–<br />
| catches/stumpings4 = 158/–<br />
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/player/51880.html ESPNCricinfo<br />
| date = 3 August 2021<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Christopher Henry Gayle''', [[Order of Distinction|OD]] (born 21 September 1979) is a Jamaican [[cricket]]er who plays international cricket for the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/blogs/content/story/1081396.html|title=What Gayle tells us|date=8 February 2017}}</ref> Gayle [[Captain (cricket)|captained]] the West Indies [[Test cricket|Test]] side from 2007 to 2010. Gayle has set numerous records across all three formats of the game. He is the most capped player for the West Indies in international cricket and is the only player to score a triplet of centuries – a triple hundred in Tests, double hundred in ODIs and a hundred in T20Is. Gayle is the first ever batsman to hit 1000 sixes in T20 cricket.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chris Gayle becomes first to hit 1,000 sixes in T20 cricket|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/sports/chris-gayle-becomes-first-to-hit-1000-sixes-in-t20-cricket/amp_articleshow/78957592.cms|last=IANS|access-date=17 January 2021|work=The Economic Times|date=30 October 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen ever in the T20 cricket.<ref>{{cite web |title=Panel Names Chris Gayle The Greatest T20 Batsman Of All Time |url=https://wisden.com/stories/podcast/chris-gayle-named-best-ever-t20-batsman-greatest-t20-podcast |website=Wisden |access-date=21 June 2021 |date=2020-06-10}}</ref> He is the only player to score more than 14000 runs<ref name="14K">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2188587 |title=Gayle makes history as West Indies seal series|access-date=12 July 2021|work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>and hit more than 1000 sixes in T20 cricket. He was also the first cricketer to cross the 10000 to 14000 run marks in T20 cricket. He was awarded the Most Valuable Player in the [[2011 Indian Premier League]] and held the [[Orange Cap]] in 2012. On 23rd April 2013, Gayle broke the record for the fastest ever T20 hundred in his landmark knock of 175 runs from 66 balls for [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] against [[Pune Warriors India|Pune Warriors]] India in the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]], which is also the highest score ever by a batsman in T20 history. He also equaled the record for the fastest 50 in T20 cricket while playing for Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash League.<ref>https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/happy-birthday-chris-gayle-top-10-t20-records-of-the-west-indian-player-2895309.html</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2019, Gayle announced that he would retire from ODIs after the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref name="retire">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26018428/chris-gayle-retire-odis-world-cup |title=Chris Gayle to retire from ODIs after World Cup |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=27 February 2019|date=17 February 2019 }}</ref> However, in June 2019, during the Cricket World Cup, Gayle expressed his desire to play in the ODI matches [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2019|against India]] in August, and possibly a Test match as well.<ref name="India">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27058640/chris-gayle-says-definitely-playing-odis-maybe-test-post-world-cup |title=Gayle says 'definitely' playing ODIs and 'maybe' Test post World Cup |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=26 June 2019|date=26 June 2019 }}</ref> Gayle last played in a Test match in September 2014, against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]].<ref name="India"/> In July 2019, he was named in the West Indies' ODI squad for their series against India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1195806.html |title=West Indies pick Chris Gayle for ODIs against India, leave out Darren Bravo |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=26 July 2019|date=26 July 2019 }}</ref> During the series against India, Gayle played in his 300th ODI, which includes five matches for the [[List of World XI ODI cricketers|ICC World XI team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19333/preview/1188625/west-indies-vs-india-2nd-odi-india-in-west-indies-2019 |title=India resume search for their No. 4 in Chris Gayle's 300th ODI |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> In the same match, Gayle also became the [[List of West Indies One Day International cricket records#Most career runs|leading run-scorer for a West Indies batsman]] in ODI cricket. He went past [[Brian Lara]]'s record of 10,348 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/chirs-gayle-breaks-brian-lara-record-most-runs-odis-west-indies-cricket-vs-india-1579846-2019-08-12 |title=Chris Gayle goes past Brian Lara to become leading run-scorer in ODIs for West Indies |work=India Today |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> Gayle wore a special jersey number 301 on his last ever ODI against [[India]] as he was playing his 301st ODI.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Yahoo Cricket|url=https://cricket.yahoo.net/amp/news/chris-gayle-wears-special-edition-jersey-301-odi-152607393|access-date=17 January 2021|last=ANI|work=cricket.yahoo.net|date=14 August 2019}}</ref> In December 2020, Gayle was included in the [[ICC Awards of the Decade|ICC T20I Team of the Decade]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Big-hitting Windies stars Gayle, Pollard named in ICC T20I Team of the Decade |url=https://www.sportsmax.tv/index.php/cricket/cricket-windies/item/75457-big-hitting-windies-stars-gayle-pollard-named-in-icc-t20-team-of-the-decade |access-date=29 December 2020 |work=www.sportsmax.tv |date=28 December 2020 |language=en-gb}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early career==<br />
Gayle started his cricket career with [[Lucas Cricket Club]] in [[Kingston, Jamaica]].<ref name="Lucas">{{cite news |last= Lannaman |first= Jermaine |title= Lucas saved me |url= http://jamaica-star.com/thestar/20121027/sports/sports1.html |access-date= 29 October 2015|newspaper= Jamaica Star |date= 27 October 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121030071139/http://jamaica-star.com/thestar/20121027/sports/sports1.html |archive-date= 30 October 2012 |df= dmy }}</ref> Gayle claimed: "If it was not for Lucas, I don't know where I would be today. Maybe on the streets"<ref name="Lucas" /> Lucas Cricket Club's nursery has been named in honour of Gayle.<ref name="Lucas" /><br />
<br />
He was made captain of the West Indies side in the ICC T20 World Cup 2009 after getting criticized for playing in the IPL 2008 and missing an international series a few months before. Gayle scored a quickfire 88 in the opening game of the tournament and helped the Windies beat the mighty Australians. They lost in the semi-final to Sri Lanka.<br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
===Debut years===<br />
Gayle played for the West Indies at youth international level prior to making his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut in 1998, at age 19 for [[Jamaica]]. He played his first [[One Day International]] eleven months later in 1999, and his first [[Test cricket|Test match]] six months after that. Gayle, who normally opens the innings when he plays for the West Indies, is a destructive batsman who is most effective playing square of the wicket. In July 2001, Gayle (175), together with [[Daren Ganga]] (89) established the record for opening partnerships at [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]] when they put on 214 together against [[Zimbabwean cricket team|Zimbabwe]].<br />
<br />
He did coaching for PAF KIET University.<br />
<br />
===Rise in ranks===<br />
{{see also|List of centuries in Twenty20 International cricket}}<br />
[[File:Chris Gayle Graph.png|left|thumb|350px|An innings-by-innings breakdown of Gayle's Test match batting career up until 2008, showing runs scored (red bars) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line).]]<br />
Gayle had a slow start to his international career, but invigorated it in 2002, ending the year with three centuries against [[Indian cricket team|India]] in November and becoming the third West Indian to score over 1,000 runs in a calendar year, along with [[Vivian Richards]] and [[Brian Lara]]. He is one of only six players in [[One Day International]] history to have three or more scores of 150. In 2005, Gayle was dropped for the first Test against [[South African Cricket Team|South Africa]] along with six other players following a dispute over sponsorship issues (see below). He returned for the second Test but had a poor series until the fourth Test, where he made a match-saving 317. It was the first-ever triple century against South Africa and up until [[Mahela Jayawardene]] made 374, it was the highest individual Test score against them. In another match of the series, Gayle had to leave the field after complaining of dizziness. During a subsequent series against Australia, Gayle again complained of dizziness and shortness of breath during his innings. He left the field for a time, and was after the match sent to hospital where he was diagnosed with a [[congenital heart defect]] causing a [[cardiac dysrhythmia]]. He underwent [[heart surgery]] following the series to correct the defect.<ref name="Gayle to have heart condition treated after series">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-18/gayle-to-have-heart-condition-treated-after-series/743338|title=Gayle to have heart condition treated after series|date=18 November 2005|work=ABC News|access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="Gayle has heart for Test fight">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/cricket/gayle-has-heart-for-test-fight/story-e6frey50-1225801592717|title=Gayle has heart for Test fight|date=22 November 2009|work=The Telegraph|access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref> Gayle was only the fourth West Indian [[Carry the bat|to carry his bat]] in a Test innings.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283149.html | title = Test Batting Records – Carrying bat through a completed innings | work = ESPN Cricinfo | access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref>[[File:Chris Gayle, 2010 (1).jpg|thumb|Gayle at the [[Prime Minister's XI|Prime Ministers XI]] cricket match in [[Canberra]] in 2010|left]]In August 2005, Gayle joined [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] for the rest of the English season, playing eight matches. He made two half-centuries in three first-class matches and two half-centuries in five one-day matches, and won one Man of the Match award in the one-day [[National League (cricket)|National League]]. However, Worcestershire were relegated after Gayle made 1 in the final match against Lancashire.<br />
<br />
Gayle was named Player of the [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006 Champions Trophy]], where the West Indies nearly defended the title they won in 2004, being defeated in the final by [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]]. Gayle scored three centuries and totalled 474 runs, 150 more than any other batsman, and also took eight wickets in as many matches. Gayle, in keeping with the rest of the West Indies team, had a poor World Cup in 2007. He recorded a series of low scores; the one exception being a blistering 79 off 58 balls against [[England cricket team|England]] in the West Indies' final match.<br />
<br />
Gayle made the first [[List of centuries in Twenty20 International cricket|century in international Twenty20 cricket]], scoring 117 against South Africa in the first match of the [[2007 World Twenty20]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/6988167.stm ''Gayle ton fails to stop S Africa''], [[BBC News]]. Retrieved 11 September 2007</ref> The innings made him the first batsman to score a century in each of international cricket's three formats.<ref>[http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284262.html List of highest individual International Twenty20 innings], [[ESPNcricinfo]]. Retrieved 20 January 2008</ref> This stood alone as the record score in a T20I until 19 February 2012, when South Africa's [[Richard Levi]] scored 117[[not out (cricket)|n.o.]] against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]], and was eventually exceeded by [[Brendon McCullum]] of New Zealand later that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284256.html|title=Records – Twenty20 Internationals – Batting records – Most runs in an innings (progressive record holder)|access-date=7 April 2011|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the semi-final match of the [[2009 World Twenty20]] against Sri Lanka, he became the first international player to [[carry his bat]] through the entire innings in this format of the game as well. In April 2008, Gayle was bought by the franchise [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in the [[Indian Premier League]] player auction, but missed the opening games due to a [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lankan]] tour to the Caribbean. When he finally joined the team, he missed out on the action due to a groin injury he picked up during that tour. Afterwards, he left to join the West Indies team for a home series against Australia, therefore not playing in the inaugural version of the IPL.<br />
<br />
He played in the second IPL competition in early 2009, arriving for an away Test series against England very late, earning criticism about his commitment.<ref name="ponders" /> His Test series went poorly, and the West Indies went on to lose both the Test and ODI series. Gayle, however, went to on score a match winning 88 in the first official match of the 2009 Twenty20, in a surprise victory over Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/wt202009/content/current/story/407736.html|title=Gayle and Fletcher blast through Australia|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|date=6 June 2009|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 June 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 17 December 2009 in the Australia v West Indies 3rd Test Chris Gayle scored the then fifth-fastest century in Test match history, taking just 70 balls to reach 100, including nine fours and six sixes. He was dismissed two balls later for 102 runs. On 16 November 2010, he became the fourth cricketer to score two triple centuries in Test cricket after [[Donald Bradman]], [[Brian Lara]] and [[Virender Sehwag]].<ref>{{cite news | title =West Indies' Chris Gayle hits 333 against Sri Lanka | work =BBC News Sport | publisher =BBC | date =16 November 2010 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/9193836.stm | access-date =16 November 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
On his return to Test cricket in July 2012, he scored 150 on the third day of the first Test against New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/gayle-inspires-as-windies-take-command-in-1st-test/980664/|title= Gayle inspires as Windies take command in 1st Test| date= 28 July 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gayle scored 75 runs from 41 balls, fuelling West Indies' total of 205, against Australia in the [[2012 ICC World Twenty20]] semi-final, which was the highest total of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2012/engine/current/match/533297.html |title=ICC World Twenty20, 2nd Semi-Final: Australia v West Indies at Colombo (RPS), Oct 5, 2012 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2012/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?id=6856;type=tournament |title=ICC World Twenty20, 2012/13 / Records / Highest totals |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227150130/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2012/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?id=6856%3Btype%3Dtournament |archive-date=27 February 2016 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2012, during the [[West Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2012–13|First Test against Bangladesh]] in Dhaka, Gayle became the first player in the history of Test cricket to hit a six off the first ball of a match.<ref name="BBCGayle">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cricket/20316154 |title=West Indies' Chris Gayle creates Test history with opening six|work=BBC Sport|date=13 November 2012}}</ref> In 2013, during the [[Zimbabwean cricket team in the West Indies in 2012–13|Third Test against Zimbabwe]], Gayle surpassed [[Brian Lara]]'s record of the most sixes in Test cricket by a West Indian cricketer.<ref name="GayleLara">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/gayles-101-leaves-zimbabwe-reeling/1091674/ |title=Gayle's 101 leaves Zimbabwe reeling |access-date=22 March 2013|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Late career===<br />
In February 2015, Gayle became the fourth cricketer to score a double century in ODIs, and the first ever to do so in World Cup history, when he made 215 during a pool game against Zimbabwe in the [[2015 ICC Cricket World Cup]] in [[Canberra]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Polkinghorne|first1=David|title=West Indies Chris Gayle sets record World Cup score with 2015 against Zimbabwe|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/cricket-world-cup/west-indies-chris-gayle-sets-record-world-cup-score-with-215-against-zimbabwe-20150224-13nqwe.html|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|access-date=24 February 2015|date=24 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/world-cup/chris-gayle-hits-first-world-cup-double-century/article6928608.ece|title=Gayle becomes first World Cup double-centurion|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=24 February 2015 }}</ref> His partnership with [[Marlon Samuels]] was the most productive wicket in Cricket World Cup history, producing 372 runs before Gayle was caught for an out on the final ball of the innings.<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/cricket/31599255|title=Chris Gayle: West Indies opener hits first World Cup 200|newspaper=BBC Sport|date=24 February 2015}}</ref> Coincidentally, he was almost adjudged out on the first ball he faced as an [[Leg before wicket|LBW]] appeal was raised by Zimbabwe bowler, Tinashe Panyangara, however, the umpire turned down the appeal. Despite a review which showed that the ball would have clipped the top of the bails, the original decision was upheld.<ref name="bbc.com"/> Gayle thus became the only player in world cricket to hit a triple hundred in Tests, a double hundred in ODIs and a hundred in Twenty20 Internationals.<br />
<br />
[[File:Two views of Chris Gayle (48020785077).jpg|thumb|right|Gayle fielding against Australia during the 2019 Cricket World Cup]]<br />
Chris Gayle ended his List-A career for Jamaica with a match-winning century against Barbados in a Super50 Cup 2018. On 18 February 2019, Gayle announced that he would retire from ODIs after the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref name="retire" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/47273515|title=Chris Gayle: West Indies batsman to retire after 2019 World Cup|date=17 February 2019|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> He reversed this decision in June 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48775479|title=Chris Gayle: West Indies opener reverses ODI retirement decision|date=26 June 2019|work=BBC Sport}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2019, he was named in the [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#West Indies|West Indies' squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]], which marked his fifth consecutive World Cup appearance (2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26595791/andre-russell-west-indies-world-cup-squad,-kieron-pollard-misses-out |title=Andre Russell in West Indies World Cup squad, Kieron Pollard misses out |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=24 April 2019|date=24 April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1194397 |title=Andre Russell picked in West Indies' World Cup squad |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> On 31 May 2019, in the West Indies' opening match of the World Cup, Gayle scored his 40th six in World Cup matches, the most by any batsman in World Cup history, surpassing [[AB de Villiers]]'s record of 37.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-cup/icc-world-cup-chris-gayle-records-most-number-of-sixes-in-world-cup-history/articleshow/69599941.cms|title=Chris Gayle creates new record for hitting the most sixes at the World Cups|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 May 2019}}</ref> In the West Indies' match against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]], Gayle scored his 1,000th run in the Cricket World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsnation.in/sports-news/icc-world-cup/chris-gayle-mitchell-starc-two-times-drs-survive-australia-vs-west-indies-icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-trent-bridge-article-226650.html |title=Chris Gayle survives not once but twice to Mitchell Starc – All thanks to DRS |work=News Nation |access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref> On 1 July 2019, in the match against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], Gayle became the most capped player for the West Indies in international cricket, playing in his 455th match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-match-39-sri-lanka-vs-windies-statistical-highlights/ |title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 (Match 39): Sri Lanka vs Windies – Statistical Highlights |work=Cricket Addictor |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Three days later, in the West Indies' final match of the 2019 Cricket World Cup, against [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]], Gayle became the most-capped player for the West Indies in the Cricket World Cup, playing in his 35th match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-match-42-afghanistan-vs-windies-stats-preview/ |title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 (Match 42): Afghanistan vs Windies – Stats Preview |work=Cricket Addictor |access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref> In the same match he also equalled [[Brian Lara]]'s record of [[List of West Indies One Day International cricket records#Most matches played|playing in 299 ODIs for the West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/afghanistan-v-west-indies-gayle-191334353.html |title=Afghanistan v West Indies: Gayle eyeing record at Headingley |work=Yahoo! Sport |access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref><br />
In the next game against India, he played his 300th ODI match, the only West Indian player to achieve that feat. He also broke the record for the most runs for the West Indies in ODIs, surpassing [[Brian Lara]]. In the next match, he scored a breath-taking 72 of just 41 balls, in a knock having 5 maximums, as he led his team to a respectable total of 240 in 35 overs. Chasing a revised target of 255 in 35 overs via [[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS]], India looked in a spot of bother, but Indian skipper Virat Kohli's unbeaten 114 cost them the match as India won the series 2–0.<br />
<br />
In November 2020, Gayle was nominated for the ICC Men's T20I Cricketer of the Decade award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30385388/virat-kohli,-kane-williamson,-steven-smith,-joe-root-nominated-icc-men-cricketer-decade-award |title=Virat Kohli, Kane Williamson, Steven Smith, Joe Root nominated for ICC men's cricketer of the decade award |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1908769 |title=ICC Awards of the Decade announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2021, Gayle was recalled to West Indies' T20I squad after two-year absence and named in the T20I squad against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbouncer.com/chris-gayle-and-fidel-edwards-return-to-west-indies-squad-for-t20i-series-vs-sri-lanka |title=Chris Gayle and Fidel Edwards return to West Indies squad for T20I series vs Sri Lanka |work=CricBouncer |access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 July 2021, [[Australian cricket team in the West Indies in 2021|against Australia]] in the third T20I, Gayle scored his first T20I half-century in the format since 2016, scoring 67 off 38 deliveries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chris Gayle's onslaught gives West Indies series win|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-west-indies-2021-1263143/west-indies-vs-australia-3rd-t20i-1263158/match-report|access-date=2021-07-19|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Twenty20 cricket==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; width:50%;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="8" |'''Chris Gayle's record in Twenty20 matches'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / CH Gayle / Twenty20 Internationals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/51880.html?class=3;template=results;type=batting|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 March 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030050153/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/51880.html?class=3%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dbatting|archive-date=30 October 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Period||Matches||Runs||HS||100s||50s||Avg.<br />
|-<br />
|[[Twenty20 International|T20I]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in career |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282827.html|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref><br />
|2006-||63||1696||117||2||13||31.40<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL Records-Most Runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=117;type=trophy |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=25 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203034523/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=117%3Btype%3Dtrophy |archive-date=3 February 2013 }}</ref><br />
|2009-||140||4950||175*||6||31||40.24<br />
|-<br />
|[[Champions League Twenty20|CLT20]]<ref>{{cite web |title=CLT20 Records-Most Runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2013/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=120;type=trophy |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=25 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001070500/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2013/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=120%3Btype%3Dtrophy |archive-date=1 October 2013 }}</ref><br />
|2009-14||6||257||92||0||2||42.83<br />
|-<br />
|[[Big Bash League|BBL]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?id=158&type=trophy|title=Big Bash League Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=Cricinfo|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br />
|2011-16<br />
|22<br />
|649<br />
|100*<br />
|1<br />
|4<br />
|30.90<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bangladesh Premier League|BPL]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?id=159&type=trophy|title=Bangladesh Premier League Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=Cricinfo|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br />
|2012-<br />
|42<br />
|1482<br />
|146*<br />
|5<br />
|5<br />
|41.16<br />
|-<br />
|[[Caribbean Premier League|CPL]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?id=748&type=trophy|title=Caribbean Premier League Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=Cricinfo|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br />
|2013-<br />
|76<br />
|2354<br />
|116<br />
|4<br />
|13<br />
|39.23<br />
|-<br />
|[[Pakistan Super League|PSL]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_ducks_career.html?id=205&type=trophy|title=Pakistan Super League Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=Cricinfo|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br />
|2016-<br />
|16<br />
|370<br />
|68<br />
|0<br />
|2<br />
|23.12<br />
|}<br />
<br />
On 1 July 2009, Gayle signed with the [[Western Australia Warriors]] for the Australian Domestic Twenty20 tournament known as the Big Bash for the 2009–10 season.<br />
[[File:CHRIS GAYLE (6630257535).jpg|thumb|right|Gayle with the [[Sydney Thunder]] in 2011]]<br />
In 2011, after being left out of the initial part of the West Indies T20 and one-day home series against Pakistan, Gayle opted to join the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the [[IPL 4|fourth edition]] of the Indian Premier League.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gayle joins RCB|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/20/stories/2011042066811900.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531152313/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/20/stories/2011042066811900.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 May 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=18 May 2011|date=20 April 2011|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In his debut game against his previous team [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in their home ground, he scored 102 off 55 balls, hitting 10 fours and 7 sixes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League – 24th match Kolkata Knight Riders v Royal Challengers Bangalore|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501222.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 May 2011 |date=22 April 2011}}</ref> On 6 May 2011, he scored another century, 107 off 49 balls in Bangalore against the [[Kings XI Punjab]], which included 10 fours and 9 sixes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League – 47th match Royal Challengers Bangalore v Kings XI Punjab|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501244.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 May 2011|date=6 May 2011}}</ref> In the next match against [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]], he scored 37 runs in one over, which included 3 sixes, 3 fours and a no ball that was hit for a six.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 37-run over|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/story/514296.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 May 2011|date=8 May 2011}}</ref> Although many people cite him as having hit the over for 37, one run was awarded as an extra due to the no ball. He can therefore be said to have hit 36 off an over that went for 37. Gayle won the Orange Cap Award for scoring the most runs in the tournament amassing 608 runs in 12 matches.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 2011: Who wins what|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/ipl/news/item/174049-ipl-2011-who-wins-what|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=29 May 2011|date=29 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531104108/http://sports.ndtv.com/ipl/news/item/174049-ipl-2011-who-wins-what|archive-date=31 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was instrumental in many victories for the Royal Challengers Bangalore and received five Man of the Match awards and also the Player of the Tournament award for his performances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.krishcricket.com/statshighlights/statshighlights.aspx?statsid=697&matchid=1222|title=Numbers game of CSK v/s RCB Match|publisher=Krishcricket.com|access-date=29 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720204009/http://www.krishcricket.com/statshighlights/statshighlights.aspx?statsid=697&matchid=1222|archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> In the [[2011 Champions League Twenty20]], Chris Gayle was the second highest run-scorer in the competition, behind [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]], with 257 runs from 6 matches at an average of 42.83 and a top score of 92, and was one of the star players.<ref><br />
[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2011/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6664;type=tournament Nokia Champions League T20, 2011/12 / Records / Most runs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210104406/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2011/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6664%3Btype%3Dtournament |date=10 December 2011 }} ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 December 2011</ref><br />
<br />
Following his prolific performances, Gayle was signed by Zimbabwean franchise [[Matabeleland Tuskers]], for the [[2011-12 Stanbic Bank 20 Series]].<ref><br />
[http://www.espncricinfo.com/zim2020-11/content/story/541479.html Gayle to play T20s in Zimbabwe] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 December 2011</ref> As Gayle later recalled it was valuable practice ahead of the [[KFC Twenty20 Big Bash]], where he had signed for the [[Sydney Thunder]].<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/article3673319.ece | title= Gayle, Afridi sign for Big Bash league| date= 23 July 2012 | location=Chennai, India| work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref><br />
[http://www.espncricinfo.com/zim2020-11/content/story/541784.html Gayle and Nannes gear up for Zimbabwe challenge] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 December 2011</ref><ref><br />
[http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/oz-big-bash-gayle-signs-up-for-sydney-thunder/20110630.htm Oz Big Bash: Gayle signs up for Sydney Thunder] Rediff. Retrieved 16 December 2011</ref> Gayle hoped his first appearance in the tournament was a success, and he gave the spectators something to cheer about. Gayle was the second West Indian to be signed in the event, after the legendary [[Brian Lara]] had signed for [[Southern Rocks]] the previous season.<br />
<br />
Gayle enjoyed great success in that tournament. He was the leading run-scorer in that series with 293 runs, a top score of 109, and an average over 50, the best of the tournament.<ref><br />
[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=7019;type=tournament Records / Stanbic Bank 20 Series, 2011/12 / Most runs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208070032/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=7019%3Btype%3Dtournament |date=8 December 2011 }} ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 December 2011</ref> The only century Gayle scored in the event ended in defeat as [[Mid West Rhinos]]'s [[Brendan Taylor]]'s outstanding 75* outlasted his team.<ref><br />
[http://www.espncricinfo.com/zim2020-11/content/story/542973.html Gayle century in vain as Rhinos advance] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 December 2011</ref> The Tuskers could not win the tournament as they were overpowered by [[Mashonaland Eagles]]'s [[Ryan ten Doeschate]]'s brilliant 121* off 58 and despite Gayle scoring a half-century, it was not enough to see his home through.<ref><br />
[http://www.espncricinfo.com/zim2020-11/content/story/543623.html ten Doeschate takes Eagles into final] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 December 2011</ref><br />
<br />
Gayle also joined the [[Barisal Burners]] in the [[Bangladesh Premier League]], and had scored two centuries at more than a run-a-ball.<ref name=bbbpl>{{cite web|title=Chris Gayle|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/51880.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[Indian Premier League 2012|2012 IPL season]], Gayle hit the most sixes (59)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iplt20.com/stats/2012/most-sixes|title=Most Sixes- Stats|publisher=iplt20.com}}</ref> and was nominated for the [[List of Indian Premier League records and statistics#Orange cap winners|orange cap]] for making 733 in 14 matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iplt20.com/stats/2012/most-runs|title=Most runs|publisher=IPL T20.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gayle was selected for team [[Uva Next]] for the inaugural [[2012 Sri Lanka Premier League|Sri Lanka Premier League in 2012]], but did not play for the team due to injury.<ref name="Kaushik">{{cite news |url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/groin-strain-makes-gayle-doubtful-starter-for-slpl/17975 |title=Groin strain makes Gayle doubtful starter for SLPL |first=R |last=Kaushik |publisher=[[Wisden India]] |access-date=6 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119183807/http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/groin-strain-makes-gayle-doubtful-starter-for-slpl/17975 |archive-date=19 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/22249320/chris-gayle-ruled-slpl|title=Gayle ruled out of SLPL|date=8 August 2012|website=ESPN|language=en|access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gayle started off his [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013 IPL season]] scoring 92 not out from 58 balls, hitting 11 fours and four sixes against the Mumbai Indians. His innings helped his side to victory, and he was awarded the [[man of the match]].<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/597999.html Indian Premier League, 2013 / Scorecard ] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 April 2013</ref> On 23 April 2013, during an IPL match against [[Pune Warriors India]], Gayle broke multiple scoring records. With an individual score of 175 not out off 66 balls and a century reached in 30 balls, Gayle set records for the fastest century reached in any format of cricket, the highest individual score in a T20 match, and the most sixes scored in a single innings in the IPL.<ref name="Wisden India" /><ref name=guardian-gaylerecord>{{cite news|last=Ashdown|first=John|title=Chris Gayle scores fastest century in cricket history during IPL game|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/apr/23/chris-gayle-fastest-century-cricket-history|work=The Guardian|access-date=29 April 2013|location=London|date=23 April 2013}}</ref> He also took two wickets in the match.<br />
<br />
At the launch of the [[Caribbean Premier League]], Gayle was announced as the first franchise player for the league.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest News {{!}} cplt20|url=https://www.cplt20.com/news/caribbean-premier-league-announces-exciting-plans-tournament|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.cplt20.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[2015 t20 Blast|2015 T20 Blast]] season in England, Gayle represented [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] and despite appearing in just 3 games for the county he contributed 328 runs including a score of 151 not out in a losing cause against [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]]. The knock that came from 62 balls included 15 sixes and remains the highest T20 score at the [[County Ground, Taunton|County Ground Taunton]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Kent vs Somerset South Group 2015 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/natwest-t20-blast-2015-803393/somerset-vs-kent-south-group-804505/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-05-21|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-16|title=Taunton T20 Blast Statistics and Records|url=https://t20-head-to-head.com/t20-blast-stadium-statistics-records/taunton/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=T20 Head to Head|language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 18 January 2016, in a match with the [[Adelaide Strikers]], Gayle set a new Big Bash League record for the fastest fifty and equaled the world record set by Indian batsman [[Yuvraj Singh]] against England in the [[2007 ICC World Twenty20]]. He reached 51 in just 12 deliveries which included seven sixes and smashed the previous record of 18 deliveries set by Strikers batsman [[Tim Ludeman]]. He was dismissed shortly after for 56 off 17 balls by [[Travis Head]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/chris-gayle-fastest-bbl-fifty-balls-renegades-strikers-big-bash/2016-01-18|title=Gayle equals world record with 12-ball 50|website=cricket.com.au|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gayle was signed by [[Lahore Qalandars]] in 2016 for 200,000 dollars to play in the [[Pakistan Super League]] (PSL). Gayle had his worst T20 league, citing back problems. He only scored 103 runs from five matches and was also out twice for a [[Duck (cricket)|golden duck]], the most in his T20 career, by [[Junaid Khan (cricketer)|Junaid Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricwaves.com/cricket/tour/303/pakistan-super-league-2016/2/213/ch-gayle/PlayerStats.html|title=CH Gayle Player stats for Pakistan Super League 2016 T20 Series|last=Cricwaves.com|website=Cricwaves|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref> Gayle returned for a second season of PSL in 2017, this time picked by [[Karachi Kings]]. He played 9 matches for the side, and scored merely 160 runs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=11673&team=5793&type=tournament|title=Pakistan Super League, 2016/17 - Karachi Kings Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=Cricinfo|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref> This would be prove to be last outing for Gayle in PSL, as he wasn't picked by any side in the [[2018 Pakistan Super League players draft|2018]] and [[2019 Pakistan Super League players draft|2019]] drafts of the league.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport360.com/article/cricket/pakistan_super_league/254979/chris-gayle-misses-out-at-psl-draft-as-chris-lynn-becomes-top-pick|title=Chris Gayle goes unsold at PSL Draft as Chris Lynn becomes top pick - Article - Sport360|website=sport360.com|language=en-US|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandsynario.com/psl-draft-2019-players-list-revealed/|title=PSL Draft 2018: Players List Revealed!|last=Sachwani|first=Anusha|date=20 November 2018|website=Brandsynario|language=en-US|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref> In [[2021 Pakistan Super League|2021]], he was picked by [[Quetta Gladiators]]. <br />
<br />
On 18 April 2017, Gayle reached the 10,000 runs milestone in T20 cricket after scoring 77 runs off 38 balls in a match against [[Gujarat Lions]] where Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 21 runs. He was also awarded the man of the match which was his first in [[2017 Indian Premier League|IPL 2017]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/ipl-2017/ipl-2017-chris-gayle-s-salt-bae-show-brendon-mccullum-the-flying-kiwi/story-e9ePgKTQDCrLTU1wDkvdfP.html|title=IPL 2017: Chris Gayle's 'Salt Bae' show, Brendon McCullum the flying Kiwi|date=18 April 2017|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=18 April 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1093167.html|title=A giant in the T20 format|work=Cricinfo|access-date=18 April 2017|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 16 September 2017, Gayle became the first ever player to hit 100 T20I sixes.<br />
<br />
On 28 January 2018, Gayle was bought by [[Kings XI Punjab]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL Auction]] for his base price of ₹20&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ipl-auction-2018-day-2-highlights-as-it-happened-1643373.html|title=IPL Auction 2018 Day 2 Highlights - As It Happened|date=28 January 2018|work=News18|access-date=29 January 2018}}</ref> On 19 April, Gayle scored 104[[Not out|*]] off 63 balls against [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]], and his team won the match by 15 runs. It was his 6th IPL century.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/breaking-news/chris-gayle-blasts-11-sixes-in-incredible-indian-premier-league-ton/news-story/b2210c62cad7f65b86ce7d6f75d10cd3|title=Gayle goes ballistic in furious IPL rampage|work=NewsComAu|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> Gayle is retained by the [[Kings XI Punjab]] franchise for 2021 edition of [[Indian Premier League|IPL]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kxip.in/players|title=KXIP Squad|access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2018, Gayle was named as one of the ten marquee players for the [[2018 Global T20 Canada|first edition]] of the [[Global T20 Canada]] cricket tournament.<ref name="marquee1">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1147584.html |title=Steven Smith named as marquee player for Canada T20 tournament |access-date=24 May 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=24 May 2018 }}</ref><ref name="marquee2">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportingnews.com/other-sports/news/steve-smith-australia-cricket-global-t20-canada-ball-scuffing-scandal/1k2lxwrnwsazj1wj8ylmuejdbm |title=Steve Smith named as marquee player for Global T20 Canada |access-date=24 May 2018 |work=Sporting News|date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> On 3 June 2018, he was selected to play for the Vancouver Knights in the players' draft for the inaugural edition of the tournament.<ref name="Squads1">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/global-t20-canada-complete-squads |title=Global T20 Canada: Complete Squads |work=SportsKeeda |access-date=4 June 2018|date=4 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Squads2">{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/global-t20-canada-league-full-squads-announced/ |title=Global T20 Canada League – Full Squads announced |work=CricTracker |access-date=4 June 2018|date=4 June 2018 }}</ref> In September 2018, he was named as the Icon Player for Balkh's squad in the [[2018–19 Afghanistan Premier League|first edition]] of the [[Afghanistan Premier League]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/afghanistan-premier-league-2018-all-you-need-to-know-from-the-player-draft/ |title=Afghanistan Premier League 2018 – All you need to know from the player draft |work=CricTracker |access-date=10 September 2018|date=10 September 2018 }}</ref> The following month, he was named in [[Jozi Stars]]' squad for the [[2018 Mzansi Super League|first edition]] of the [[Mzansi Super League]] T20 tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sport24.co.za/Cricket/live-mzansi-super-league-player-draft-20181017 |title=Mzansi Super League - full squad lists |work=Sport24 |access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sport/cricket/domestic/mzansi-super-league-player-draft-the-story-so-far-17521199 |title=Mzansi Super League Player Draft: The story so far |work=Independent Online |access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Vancouver Knights franchise team in the [[2019 Global T20 Canada]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadacricket.com/?p=12755 |title=Global T20 draft streamed live |work=Canada Cricket Online |access-date=20 June 2019|date=20 June 2019 }}</ref> In September 2019, he was named in the squad for the [[Jozi Stars]] team for the [[2019 Mzansi Super League]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricket.co.za/news/31555/MSL-20-announces-its-T20-squads |title=MSL 2.0 announces its T20 squads |work=Cricket South Africa |access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> In October 2020, he was drafted by the Kandy Tuskers for the [[2020 Lanka Premier League|inaugural edition]] of the [[Lanka Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30148161/lanka-premier-league-2020-chris-gayle-andre-russell-shahid-afridi-big-names-taken-lpl-draft |title=Chris Gayle, Andre Russell and Shahid Afridi among big names taken at LPL draft |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Twenty20 centuries===<br />
Playing for [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]], Gayle scored a 30-ball century, that became the highest individual T20 score (175 not out).<ref name="Wisden India">{{cite news|url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/record-breaking-Gayle-sinks-pune/59564|title=Record-breaking Gayle sinks Pune|publisher=Wisden India|date=23 April 2013|access-date=23 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426003320/http://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/record-breaking-Gayle-sinks-pune/59564|archive-date=26 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Indian league">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598027.html|title=31st match: Royal Challengers Bangalore v Pune Warriors at Bangalore, Apr 23, 2013 – Cricket Scorecard – ESPN Cricinfo|work=Cricinfo}}</ref> It eclipsed the previous mark set by [[Brendon McCullum]] of [[Kolkata Knight Riders]].<br />
<br />
Gayle holds the record for most centuries in T20 cricket (22), 15 more than his nearest rival Brendon McCullum. 15 out of his 22 T20 centuries have been [[not out]].<br />
<br />
==Technique and attitude==<br />
{{quotebox<br />
|quote =The ball spat off the middle of his bat to all corners, turning into parabolas that the crowd was hollering for. Gayle faced more than half the balls bowled by the Warriors and produced a compressed 20-over highlights package.<ref name="When a man filled an entire stadium">{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/631925.html | title= When a man filled an entire stadium | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | access-date=15 June 2013| date= 23 April 2013 }}</ref><br />
| width =35%<br />
| align = right<br />
| source = Sharda Ugra, [[ESPNcricinfo]] on a Gayle IPL innings.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Gayle is known for his characteristic hitting, imposing physique, and timing. He attributes the latter to being very thin when young, and having a heavy bat.<ref name="Champions Trophy 2013: Chris Gayle is still the life and soul of West Indies party" /> He is known for appearing very calm as the bowler approaches. "Tall and imposing at the crease, he loves to carve through the covers off either foot, and has the ability to decimate the figures of even the thriftiest of opening bowlers" recorded ''Wisden'' and [[ESPNcricinfo]].<ref name="cricpro"/> He holds numerous records that reflect his batting style, including record Twenty20 strike-rates and high scores.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"It is instinct... We premeditate at times, but most of those things are instinct. When a fast bowler runs in to me, my breathing is controlled. So you keep a still head, slow down your breathing. Sometimes I actually hold my breath, so I can be as still and well-balanced as possible. If you get too excited, you overreact more, and with the adrenalin, you lose focus quickly."<ref name="Champions Trophy 2013: Chris Gayle is still the life and soul of West Indies party">{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/westindies/10105013/Champions-Trophy-2013-Chris-Gayle-is-still-the-life-and-soul-of-West-Indies-party.html | title=Champions Trophy 2013: Chris Gayle is still the life and soul of West Indies party | work=The Daily Telegraph | access-date=15 June 2013 | location=London | first=Jonathan | last=Liew | date=7 June 2013}}</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
Chris Gayle launched a music career in November 2020 with a [[dancehall]] [[music video]] called "We Come Out To Party".<ref name=music1>{{cite web |title=Chris Gayle Scores Big On Collab With Tanto Blacks "We Come Out To Party" - Watch |url=https://urbanislandz.com/2020/11/13/chris-gayle-scores-big-on-collab-with-tanto-blacks-we-come-out-to-party-watch/ |website=Urban Islandz |access-date=2 December 2020 |date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=music2>{{cite news |title=Tanto Blacks & Chris Gayle Drop Fire 'We Come Out Fi Party' Visuals: Watch |url=https://www.dancehallmag.com/2020/11/12/music/tanto-blacks-chris-gayle-drop-fire-we-come-out-fi-party-visuals-watch.html |access-date=2 December 2020 |work=DancehallMag |date=13 November 2020}}</ref> Earlier in 2020, he had released a video about his partying lifestyle.<ref name=music0>{{cite news |last1=Levy |first1=Leighton |title=Chris Gayle provides a glimpse into his party lifestyle with Instagram video |url=https://www.sportsmax.tv/index.php/cricket/cricket-international/item/60514-chris-gayle-provides-a-glimpse-into-his-party-lifestyle-with-instagram-video |access-date=2 December 2020 |work=www.sportsmax.tv |date=7 April 2020 |language=en-gb}}</ref> In April 2021, Gayle released a music video titled "Jamaica to India" in collaboration with the Indian rapper Emiway Bantai.<ref name="musicvideo5">{{cite web |title=`Jamaica To India`: Punjab Kings` Chris Gayle drops new song featuring Indian rapper Emiway Bantai - WATCH |url=https://zeenews.india.com/cricket/jamaica-to-india-punjab-kings-chris-gayle-drops-new-song-featuring-indian-rapper-emiway-bantai-watch-2354154.html |website=zeenews.india.com |access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Gayle's partner is Natasha Berridge. On 20 April 2016, Gayle announced the birth of his daughter on social media platform [[Instagram]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ipl-2016-chris-gayle-blessed-with-baby-girl-names-her-blush-2763395/|title=Chris Gayle becomes father to girl 'Blush'|date=21 April 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=20 April 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-revealed-not-blush-this-is-chris-gayle-s-daughter-s-real-name-2215186|title=Revealed - not 'Blush' this is Chris Gayle's daughter's real name! {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=22 May 2016|work=dna|access-date=20 April 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> On 9 September 2016, Gayle launched his autobiography ''Six Machine - I don't like cricket, I love it'.''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/chris-gayle-book-six-machine-opens-up-on-kohli-ronaldo-and-fatherhood-1292154.html|title=Chris Gayle Book: 'Six Machine' Opens Up on Kohli, Ronaldo and Fatherhood|date=14 September 2016|work=News18|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> According to [[Forbes]], Gayle has an estimated net worth of $15&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Only_two_women_listed_among_Forbes_top_10_richest_Jcan-born_athletes?profile=1228|title=Jamaica Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer|access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Controversies==<br />
Despite being regarded as a calm, cool cricketer,<ref name="cricpro">{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/51880.html|title=Player Profile: Chris Gayle|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=18 May 2009}}</ref> in 2005, Gayle was involved in the dispute between the [[West Indies Cricket Board]] and a number of players over sponsorship issues. These players had personal sponsorship deals with [[Cable & Wireless plc|Cable and Wireless]], who used to sponsor West Indian cricket. However, since the West Indies had recently become sponsored by Cable and Wireless's rivals [[Digicel]], the West Indies Cricket Board demanded the players dropped their Cable and Wireless deals. When the players refused to back down, the West Indies Cricket Board dropped them for the first Test against [[South African Cricket Team|South Africa]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/other_international/west_indies/4342921.stm ''West Indies sponsor rejects plans''], [[BBC Sports]]. Retrieved 20 January 2008</ref> Gayle later cut his deal with Cable and Wireless and rejoined the side for the second Test. He was charged with conduct contrary to the spirit of cricket during a Test against [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] in March 2006 but was subsequently found not guilty.<ref>[http://www.foxsports.com.au/story/0,8659,18424734-23212,00.html ''Gayle cleared of conduct charges''], [[Fox Sports Australia]]. Retrieved 20 January 2008</ref> Later that year, during October's [[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]] tournament in India, he was fined 30 percent of his match fee after repeated verbal exchanges with the [[Australia national cricket team|Australian]] batsman [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chris Gayle - The controversy in his early cricket career - Sports Stats by Cricketics|url=https://cricketics.in/cricket-en/chris-gayle-the-controversy-in-his-early-cricket-career/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=cricketics.in|language=en-US}}</ref> He also publicly criticised the West Indies Cricket Board during the 2007 tour of England, which led to an official reprimand and warning.<ref>[http://ecb.co.uk/england/natwest-series/gayle-in-hot-water,13559,EN.html ''Gayle in hot water'']{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [[England and Wales Cricket Board|ECB]]. Retrieved 20 January 2008</ref><br />
<br />
Gayle also received criticism in early 2009 during West Indies' tour of England, where he commented that he did not want to captain the West Indies any more given the pressures involved, and that he "wouldn't be so sad" if Test cricket was superseded by Twenty20 cricket in the future.<ref name="ponders">{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/404214.html|title=Gayle ponders Test future|date=13 May 2009|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=18 May 2009}}</ref> From the West Indies, both [[Viv Richards]] and [[Gary Sobers]] criticised Gayle's comments, as did opposite number [[Andrew Strauss]].<ref name="viv">{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/404217.html|title=Richards and Sobers defend primacy of Test cricket|last=Brown|first=Alex|date=13 May 2009|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=18 May 2009}}</ref> Gayle later commented that his statement had been quoted out of context, according to [[Julian Hunte]], President of the West Indies Cricket Board.<ref name="hunte">{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/404111.html|title=Gayle's comments an 'unfortunate development' – Hunte|date=13 May 2009|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=18 May 2009}}</ref> In an interview with [[Mike Atherton]] at the conclusion of a West Indies defeat in their tour of England, Gayle stated that he was not going to resign the captaincy.<ref>Interview with Mike Atherton – Award Presentation following England v West Indies, 2nd Test 14–18 May 2009. ''[[Sky Sports]]'' 18 May 2009.</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2011 Chris Gayle criticised the West Indies Cricket Board and coach [[Ottis Gibson]] and did not play for the team for more than a year. On 6 April 2012, Gayle and the WICB reached an understanding that paved the way for the former West Indies captain to return to the national team.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/story/560071.html West Indies news: Chris Gayle, WICB reach agreement on return]. ESPNcricinfo. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.</ref> On 25 June 2012, Gayle was chosen to be a part of the 2nd T20 and five-match one-day squad series starting on 30 June 2012, in the West Indies and Florida. They won the T20 series 2–0, in which Gayle was awarded man of the series, and the ODI series 4–1, in which Gayle made an aggressive century and half-century.<br />
<br />
On 4 January 2016, while being interviewed by [[Network Ten]] commentator [[Mel McLaughlin]] during the [[2015–16 Big Bash League season]], Gayle said, "I just wanted to have an interview with you as well; that's why I batted so well," followed by, "Your eyes are beautiful; hopefully we can win this game and then we can have a drink after as well. Don't blush, baby". The comments were criticised by the Australian media,<ref>[http://www.couriermail.com.au/sport/cricket/chris-gayle-can-find-the-boundary-with-a-bat-but-off-the-field-theres-not-one-in-sight/news-story/af391746d63d87596ed14a4fa55aca53 Chris Gayle can find the boundary with a bat but off the field there's not one in sight]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/jan/05/its-not-just-chris-gayle-sport-medias-blokesworld-mindset-needs-to-change It's not just Chris Gayle: sport media's Blokesworld mindset needs to change]. ''[[The Courier Mail]]''. 5 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/sport/the-fitz-files/supporting-chris-gayles-actions-is-turning-your-back-on-respect-for-women-20160108-gm1sfm.html Supporting Chris Gayle's actions is turning your back on respect for women]. ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]''. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/jan/06/chris-gayle-controversy-sexist-women-cricket Chris Gayle controversy: sexist, not sexy – and certainly not funny]. ''The Guardian''. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.</ref> with former Australian test captain [[Ian Chappell]] encouraging [[Cricket Australia]] to ban him from playing in Australia again.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jan/08/ian-chappell-wants-world-cricket-ban-on-chris-gayle-for-mel-mclaughlin-interview Ian Chappell wants world cricket ban on Chris Gayle for Mel McLaughlin interview]. The Guardian. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.</ref> Fellow female sports journalist [[Neroli Meadows]] stated that Gayle had been acting in such a way for years, and that he did it to "humiliate" women.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-05/neroli-meadows-why-i-want-people-to-stop-laughing-at-chris-gayle/7069512 Why sports reporter Neroli Meadows wants people to stop laughing at inappropriate remarks from Chris Gayle | 7.30]. ABC News. 5 January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.</ref> Gayle said the comments were intended to be a joke.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/sport/cricket/big-bash/chris-gayle-comments-cause-uncomfortable-big-bash-interview-with-mel-mclaughlin-20160104-glz986.html?eid=socialn%3Atwi-13omn1680-edtrl-other%3Annn-17%2F02%2F2014-edtrs_socialshare-all-nnn-nnn-vars-o|title=Chris Gayle comments cause uncomfortable Big Bash interview with Mel McLaughlin|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|first1=Matt|last1=Bungard|first2=Adam|last2=Morton|date=5 January 2016|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-05/cricketer-chris-gayles-off-field-comments-criticised/7067342 |title=Chris Gayle: Melbourne Renegades cricketer sparks controversy with 'disrespectful' comments to reporter Mel McLaughlin |author=Donoughue, Paul |date=5 January 2016 |access-date=5 January 2016 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia}}</ref> Melbourne Renegades sanctioned Gayle with a {{AUD}}10,000 fine for inappropriate conduct.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.cricket.com.au/news/chris-gayle-fined-$10000-ten-thousand-cricket-australia-mel-mclaughin-interview-melbourne-renegades/2016-01-05 |title=Gayle sanctioned for TV comments |date=5 January 2016 |access-date=5 January 2016 |publisher=[[Cricket Australia]] }}</ref> On 30 October 2017, Chris Gayle won a defamation case against [[Fairfax Media]] after a jury found a series of articles published in 2016 which alleged he exposed himself to a masseuse were untrue and was awarded with $300k in damages for defamation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/oct/30/chris-gayle-wins-defamation-case-against-fairfax-media|title=Chris Gayle wins defamation case against Fairfax Media|first=Amanda|last=Meade|date=30 October 2017|access-date=30 March 2019|via=www.theguardian.com|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
<br />
== The Chris Gayle Academy ==<br />
In 2015, Gayle set up 'The Chris Gayle Academy' with the intent on helping disadvantaged children in both [[Jamaica]] and the [[United Kingdom]] better themselves and their communities through their involvement in sport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thechangefoundation.org.uk/our-programmes/cricket-for-change/the-chris-gayle-academy/|title=The Chris Gayle Academy {{!}} The Change Foundation|website=www.thechangefoundation.org.uk|language=en-US|access-date=17 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117190926/http://www.thechangefoundation.org.uk/our-programmes/cricket-for-change/the-chris-gayle-academy/|archive-date=17 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since then the academy has expanded and now facilitates the advancement of young cricketers careers by providing access to quality coaches and playing opportunities abroad.<br />
<br />
==International centuries==<br />
{{main|List of international cricket centuries by Chris Gayle}}Gayle has scored 42 international centuries, which includes 15 Tests, 25 ODIs and 2 T20I centuries as of 13 July 2021. He was the first cricketer to score centuries in all formats of the game.<br />
<br />
==Records==<br />
===International===<br />
#Most ICC TOURNAMENT Runs:- 2897 ODI WC:1186 CT:791 T20 WC:920<br />
#Highest run scorer for the West Indies in ODIs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=4;type=team|title=RECORDS / WEST INDIES / ONE-DAY INTERNATIONALS / MOST RUNS|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
#Second most ODI sixes in a calendar year (56 in 2019).<br />
#Second West Indies player (after [[Brian Lara]]), and 14th overall, to pass 10,000 runs in ODIs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1082165|title=Chris Gayle reconsidering retirement after England purple patch|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=1 March 2019}}</ref><br />
#First batsman to score a century in each of international cricket's three formats of the game.<br />
#First (and so far only) batsman to score a triple century in Test cricket, double century in ODI cricket and a century in T20 internationals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/news/chris-gayle-only-cricketer-in-history-to-score-century-in-t20is-double-century-in-odis-and-triple-century-in-test-cricket-255423 |title=Only player to score a T20I century, an ODI double century as well as a test triple century |access-date=13 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Highest six hitter for the West Indies (in all formats).<br />
#Most centuries by a West Indian. 25 in ODIs<br />
#He holds the record of most sixes against a single team - 130 Sixes Against England.<br />
#As per ICC Reports, he has hit a six on every 10th ball he played in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ICC/status/1332468336240824320?s=20|title=ICC (twitter account) |date=28 November 2020|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
#First batsman to score a T20I century, in the [[2007 World T20]]. He's also the only batsman to score two World T20 tons.<br />
#First batsman (now equalled) to score a T20 century in both a winning and losing cause and when batting first as well as when batting second.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/list_hundreds.html?id=89;type=trophy |title=List of centuries in ICC World T20 |access-date=7 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Gayle is the only player to score centuries in [[ICC U19 World Cup]], [[ICC World Twenty20]], [[ICC Cricket World Cup]], [[ICC Champions Trophy]] as well as in [[ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier]].<br />
#In World Cup 2015, he hit the fastest ever ODI double century, against Zimbabwe, off 138 balls.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/content/story/837817.html |title=Fastest ODI double century |access-date=7 March 2017 |date=24 February 2015 }}</ref><br />
#Third batsman to score a century against eleven different countries in ODIs.<ref name="Gayle11">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/637366 |title=Gayle becomes third batsman to hit ODI centuries against 11 countries |access-date=10 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref><br />
#Only International player to carry his bat through a completed innings (one where his side lost all ten wickets) in both Twenty20 International and in Test match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/284000.html |title=Carrying his bat in the entire T20I innings |access-date=7 March 2017 }}</ref> He is also the only player to [[List of cricketers who have carried the bat in international cricket|carry his bat]] in both Tests and T20Is.<br />
#Fastest ODI fifty by West Indies batsmen. (50 runs in 19 balls).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18913/commentary/1158070/west-indies-vs-england-5th-odi-england-tour-of-wi-2018-19|title=Gayle "Storm's" fastest fify in ODI history by a West Indian batsman}}</ref><br />
#Leading run scorer in ICC Champions Trophy history (791 runs).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=44;type=trophy |title=Most runs in ICC Champions Trophy |access-date=7 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Most runs in a single ICC Champions Trophy series (474 runs).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_series.html?id=44;type=trophy |title=Most runs in a single ICC Champions Trophy series |access-date=7 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Most sixes in International cricket (550).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/chris-gayle-sixes-record-west-indies-vs-england-odi-series-1466847-2019-02-28|title=Chris Gayle first player to smash 500 sixes in international cricket {{!}} Cricket News|last=indiatoday.in|website=indiatoday.in|language=en|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref><br />
#Third most sixes in T20I (121).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283104.html |title=Most sixes in T20Is |access-date=7 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Most sixes (39) in a bilateral ODI series (4 Innings vs England in 2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=sixes;size=200;template=results;type=batting;view=series|title= Most sixes by an Individual batsmen in an ODI format bilateral series}}</ref><br />
#First player to hit all 6 balls in an over for four in Test cricket.<br />
#Only player to hit the first ball of a Test match for six.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-west-indies-2012/content/story/591146.html |title=First player in history to hit a six in very first ball of test cricket |access-date=13 March 2017 |date=13 November 2012 }}</ref><br />
#Along with [[Marlon Samuels]], he holds the record for the highest ever ODI stand for any wicket (372 runs for 2nd wicket).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_for_any_wicket.html?id=12;type=trophy |title=Highest partnership for any wicket in World Cups |access-date=28 March 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283574.html |title=Highest partnership for any wicket in ODI history |access-date=28 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Along with [[Devon Smith]], he set the record for the highest opening stand in ICC World T20 history (145).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?id=89;type=trophy |title=Highest partnership for opening stand in T20 World Cups |access-date=28 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411221922/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?id=89%3Btype%3Dtrophy |archive-date=11 April 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Most number of sixes hit by an individual at Cricket World Cup history (49).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-cup/icc-world-cup-chris-gayle-records-most-number-of-sixes-in-world-cup-history/articleshow/69599941.cms|title=ICC World Cup: Chris Gayle records most sixes in World Cup history - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref><br />
#Most number of sixes hit by an individual at T20WC History (60).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_sixes_career.html?id=89;type=trophy|title=RECORDS / ICC MEN'S T20 WORLD CUP / MOST SIXES|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Domestic T20===<br />
#Leading run scorer in all forms of T20s (14,096 runs - as of 03 Aug 2021).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284267.html |title=Most runs in career in T20s |access-date=17 January 2020 }}</ref><br />
#Fastest T20 Century Ever (in 30 Balls).<br />
#First batsman to score 10,000 T20 runs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1093163.html |title=10,000 T20 runs. PARANORMAL |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 April 2017|date=18 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1093167.html |title=A giant in the T20 format |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 April 2017|date=18 April 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Only batsman to reach 11000, 12000, 13000 and 14000 runs in T20 cricket as of 13 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Chris Gayle slams 18 sixes for his 20th Twenty20 ton, first to go past 11,000 runs|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/chris-gayle-slams-18-sixes-for-his-20th-t20-ton-first-to-go-past-11-000-runs/story-nJG1a5y7BHla1Q78dJUM9M.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Universe Boss stands tall with 12,000 T20 runs - Kings XI Punjab|url=https://www.punjabkingsipl.in/amp/news/universe-boss-stands-tall-with-12000-t20-runs-4681|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.punjabkingsipl.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Chris Gayle Surpasses 13,000 T20 Runs to Secure Jamaica Tallawahs Win|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/sports/chris-gayle-surpasses-13000-t20-runs-to-secure-jamaica-tallawahs-win/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Caribbean News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gayle credits Pollard, Bravo for return to form vs Australia St Lucia T20 cricket {{!}} Cricbuzz.com|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/118176/gayle-credits-pollard-bravo-for-return-to-form-vs-australia-st-lucia-t20-cricket-cricbuzzcom|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Cricbuzz|language=en}}</ref><br />
#He is the only Batter in T20 History to Score 1000+ Runs in every calendar year from 2011-2019. His least Runs in these years are 1027.<br />
#Most T20 centuries.(22) <ref name="T20C">As of March 2021, Gayle is the only player to score more than 8 T20 centuries.</ref><br />
#Most T20 Fifties.(87)<br />
#Most IPL centuries (6) and Most IPL 99s (2).<br />
#Most T20 Fifty+ Scores.(109)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283488.html|title=RECORDS / TWENTY20 MATCHES / BATTING RECORDS / MOST FIFTIES IN CAREER|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
#Along with AB De Villiers, they both are only batsman of IPL who scored 4,500+ runs with 40+ Average and 150+ Strike Rate.<br />
#He is the only player to hit 1000+ Fours in T20 Format (Total - 1085).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/305203.html|title=RECORDS / TWENTY20 MATCHES / BATTING RECORDS / MOST FOURS IN CAREER|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
#Fastest Batsman to score 4000 runs in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Rajarshi Gupta |title=Chris Gayle fastest to 4000 runs in Indian Premier League history |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/ipl-2019-rr-vs-kxip-chris-gayle-fastest-to-score-4000-ipl-runs-1486180-2019-03-25 |access-date=26 March 2019 |work=[[India Today]] |date=25 March 2019 |location=Jaipur}}</ref><br />
#First and only batsman to hit 300 sixes in IPL (Total-357 Sixes).<ref>{{cite news |author=Rohan Sen |title=Chris Gayle 1st batsman to hit 300 sixes in IPL history |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/chris-gayle-300-sixes-ipl-history-kings-xi-punjab-1490235-2019-03-30 |access-date=30 March 2019 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 March 2019}}</ref><br />
#Highest individual score in T20 with 175* (off 66 balls) against Pune Warriors India, which he made as opener.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284198.html |title=Most runs in an innings in T20s |access-date=7 March 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283979.html |title=Highest scores in each batting position in T20 cricket |access-date=28 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Highest score by a player in T20 in a losing cause (151*).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283919.html |title=Most runs in a T20 in a losing cause |access-date=28 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Highest individual score by a cricketer in a T20 league final (146*).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8653/report/1121290/|title=Gayle smash 18 sixes in 2017-18 BPL final, with unbeaten 146|access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref><br />
#Joint record, along with Yuvraj Singh and Hazratullah Zazai, for fastest T20 half-century, in 12 balls.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/305877.html |title=Fastest fifties in T20s |access-date=7 March 2017 }}</ref><br />
#Most number of sixes in a T20 innings (18) during the [[2017–18 Bangladesh Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/305204.html|title=Most sixes in a T20 innings|access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref><br />
#Only Player to hit 1000 T20 sixes (Total - 1032).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30223814/ipl-2020-kxip-vs-rr-chris-gayle-becomes-first-hit-1000-t20-sixes |title=Chris Gayle climbs another mountain, becomes first to hit 1000 T20 sixes|access-date=31 October 2020}}</ref><br />
#Only player to score 2 Centuries in a T20 League Playoffs (121 & 146).<br />
#Only player to score 12 Ball Fifty for 2 times in a career (In BBL-16 & T10L-21).<br />
<br />
===T10===<br />
Joint Record, with [[Mohammad Shahzad]] and Waseem Muhammad for Fastest T10 Fifty in 12 Balls in the Abu Dhabi T10 in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Saha |first1=Rajdeep |title=Chris Gayle smashes joint-fastest fifty in Abu Dhabi T10 League |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/chris-gayle-smashes-joint-fastest-070142635.html |website=Yahoo |access-date=4 February 2021 |date=3 February 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Honours ==<br />
'''West Indies'''<br />
<br />
* [[ICC Champions Trophy]] - [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]<br />
*[[ICC Men's T20 World Cup|ICC World Twenty20]] - [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012]], [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016]]<br />
<br />
'''Jamaica Tallawahs'''<br />
<br />
* [[Caribbean Premier League]] - [[2013 Caribbean Premier League|2013]], [[2016 Caribbean Premier League|2016]]<br />
<br />
'''Rangpur Rangers'''<br />
<br />
* [[Bangladesh Premier League]] - [[2017 Bangladesh Premier League|2017]]<br />
<br />
'''Vancouver Knights'''<br />
<br />
* [[Global T20 Canada]] - [[2018 Global T20 Canada|2018]]<br />
<br />
'''Balkh Legends'''<br />
<br />
* [[Afghanistan Premier League]] - [[2018–19 Afghanistan Premier League|2018]]<br />
<br />
'''Individual'''<br />
<br />
* [[List of Indian Premier League awards|Indian Premier League Most Valuable Player]] - [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]]<br />
* Indian Premier League Orange Cap Winner - 2011, [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012]]<br />
* Indian Premier League Maximum Sixes Award - 2011, 2012, [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013]], [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015]]<br />
* [[Stanbic Bank 20 Series]] Top Runscorer - [[2011–12 Stanbic Bank 20 Series|2011]]<br />
* Caribbean Premier League Top Runscorer - [[2015 Caribbean Premier League|2015]]<br />
* Bangladesh Premier League Player of the Tournament - 2017<br />
* Bangladesh Premier League Top Runscorer - 2017<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* ''75 Years of West Indies Cricket 1928–2000'' by Ray Goble and Keith AP Sandiford {{ISBN|1-870518-78-0}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Commonscatinline}}<br />
* {{twitter|HenryGayle}}<br />
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=51880}}<br />
* [https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/247/chris-gayle Chris Gayle] at [[CricBuzz]]<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes colour<br />
|title= Captaincy<br />
|bg= #790D1A<br />
|fg= white<br />
|bordercolor=#F5BA0E<br />
|list1=<br />
{{West Indies Test Cricket Captains}}<br />
{{West Indies ODI Cricket Captains}}<br />
{{West Indies T20I Cricket Captains}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Navboxes colour<br />
|title= West Indies squads<br />
|bg= #790D1A<br />
|fg= white<br />
|bordercolor=#F5BA0E<br />
|list1=<br />
{{West Indies Squad 2003 Cricket World Cup}}<br />
{{West Indies Squad 2004 ICC Champions Trophy}}<br />
{{West Indies Squad 2007 Cricket World Cup}}<br />
{{West Indies Squad 2011 Cricket World Cup}}<br />
{{West Indies Squad 2012 ICC World Twenty20}}<br />
{{West Indies Squad 2015 Cricket World Cup}}<br />
{{West Indies Squad 2016 ICC World Twenty20}}<br />
{{West Indies Squad 2019 Cricket World Cup}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Navboxes colour<br />
|title= Awards and Achievements<br />
|bg= #790D1A<br />
|fg= white<br />
|bordercolor=#F5BA0E<br />
|list1=<br />
{{West Indians with 100 or more Test caps}}<br />
{{IPL Player of the Series}}<br />
{{Jamaican Sportsman of the Year}}<br />
{{Player of the Series in ICC Champions Trophy}}<br />
{{Batsmen who have scored 10000 Runs in ODI Cricket}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title=Current squads<br />
|list1=<br />
{{Jamaica Tallawahs squad}}<br />
{{Rangpur Riders squad}}<br />
{{Kings XI Punjab squad}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gayle, Chris}}<br />
[[Category:Jamaican cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:West Indies One Day International cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:West Indies Test cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:West Indies Twenty20 International cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:West Indies Test cricket captains]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2015 Cricket World Cup]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup]]<br />
[[Category:ICC World XI One Day International cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:1979 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kingston, Jamaica]]<br />
[[Category:St Kitts and Nevis Patriots cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Worcestershire cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Matabeleland cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Melbourne Renegades cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Dhaka Dynamites cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Challengers Bangalore cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Jamaica Tallawahs cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Jamaica cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Somerset cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Barisal Bulls cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Lahore Qalandars cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Chittagong Vikings cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Karachi Kings cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Rangpur Rangers cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Punjab Kings cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Balkh Legends cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Sydney Thunder cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Quetta Gladiators cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Jamaican expatriate sportspeople in India]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Gayle&diff=138638Chris Gayle2021-08-20T17:04:03Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gayle, Chris}}<br />
[[Category:Jamaican sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:1979 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:West Indies cricketers]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Hemsworth&diff=138637Chris Hemsworth2021-08-20T16:56:43Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Australian actor}} {{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}} {{Use Australian English|date=February 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox person | name..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Australian actor}}<br />
{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use Australian English|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Chris Hemsworth<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AM|size=100}}<br />
| image = Chris Hemsworth by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Hemsworth at the 2019 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]<br />
| birth_name = Christopher Hemsworth<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|8|11}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], Australia<br />
| education = [[Heathmont College]]<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 2002–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Elsa Pataky]]|2010}}<br />
| children = 3<br />
| relatives = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Luke Hemsworth]] (brother)<br />
* [[Liam Hemsworth]] (brother)<br />
* [[Joanne van Os]] (aunt)<br />
}}<br />
| signature = Chris Hemsworth Signature.svg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Christopher Hemsworth'''<ref name="Christopher">{{cite AV media |people=Hemsworth, Chris |date=25 June 2012 |title=Kristen and Chris' Interview with Paul |medium=Radio interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e156XGbNkaY |access-date=9 October 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |time=04:35 |quote=Because I couldn't pronounce Christopher, I'd say 'Kiptoder', and that became [my childhood nickname] Kip. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722084214/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e156XGbNkaY |archive-date=22 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AM}} (born 11 August 1983)<ref name=usbio>{{cite news | url = http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrities/chris-hemsworth | work = [[Us Weekly]] | title = Chris Hemsworth | access-date = 16 October 2013 | archive-date = 19 May 2018 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20180519151617/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrities/chris-hemsworth/ | url-status=live | df = dmy-all }}</ref> is an Australian actor. He first rose to prominence in Australia playing [[Kim Hyde]] in the Australian television series ''[[Home and Away]]'' (2004–2007) before beginning a film career in [[Hollywood]]. Hemsworth is best known for playing [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] in eight [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] films, beginning with ''[[Thor (film)|Thor]]'' (2011) and appearing most recently in ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019), which established him among the world's highest-paid actors.<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/marvel-actors-who-are-highest-paid-celebrities-hemsworth-downey-2019-7|title=6 Marvel Cinematic Universe actors who are among the highest-paid celebrities in the world|last=Clark|first=Travis|date=10 July 2019|magazine=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/599b0ba431358e60d7768f66/11-chris-hemsworth/|title=The WOrld's Highest-Paid Actors 2017|magazine=[[Forbes]]|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hemsworth's other film roles include the action films ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'' (2009), ''[[Snow White and the Huntsman]]'' (2012), ''[[Red Dawn (2012 film)|Red Dawn]]'' (2012), ''[[Blackhat (film)|Blackhat]]'' (2015), ''[[Men in Black: International]]'' (2019), ''[[Extraction (2020 film)|Extraction]]'' (2020), the thriller ''[[A Perfect Getaway]]'' (2009) and the comedy ''[[Ghostbusters (2016 film)|Ghostbusters]]'' (2016). His most critically acclaimed films include the comedy horror ''[[The Cabin in the Woods]]'' (2012) and the biographical sports film ''[[Rush (2013 film)|Rush]]'' (2013) in which he portrayed [[James Hunt]].<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Christopher Hemsworth was born on 11 August 1983 in [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]],<ref name=fft>{{cite magazine |url=http://filmfestivaltraveler.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1779:chris-hemsworth-not-a-thor-loser&catid=53:interviews&Itemid=73 |title=Chris Hemsworth: Not a Thor Loser |first=Frank |last=Lovece |author-link=Frank Lovece |magazine=Film Festival Traveler|date=29 September 2011 |access-date=7 October 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/62I5pcXDy?url=http://filmfestivaltraveler.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1779:chris-hemsworth-not-a-thor-loser&catid=53:interviews&Itemid=73 |archive-date=8 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> to Leonie (née van Os),<ref name=peoplesouthafrica /> an English teacher, and Craig Hemsworth, a social-services counsellor.<ref name="heraldsun.com.au">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/cyrus-spent-new-year-on-phillip-island/story-e6frf96o-1225815733215 |title=Cyrus 'saw in new year on Phillip Island' |date=4 January 2010 |newspaper=[[Herald Sun]] |location=Australia |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614143506/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/cyrus-spent-new-year-on-phillip-island/story-e6frf96o-1225815733215 |archive-date=14 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.details.com/celebrities-entertainment/cover-stars/201203/liam-hemsworth-hunger-games-the-last-song |title=The Hunger Games' Liam Hemsworth Has No Idea What's About to Hit Him |journal=[[Details (magazine)|Details]] |first=Mickey |last=Rapkin |date=March 2012 |archive-date=29 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029103743/http://www.details.com/celebrities-entertainment/cover-stars/201203/liam-hemsworth-hunger-games-the-last-song |url-status=dead |access-date=28 February 2012 }}</ref> He is the middle of three sons; his brothers [[Luke Hemsworth|Luke]] (born 1980) and [[Liam Hemsworth|Liam]] (born 1990) are also actors. His maternal grandfather is a Dutch immigrant and his maternal grandmother is of Irish descent;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Bgc_jVSnr3q/ |title=Happy St. Patrick's day Ireland! |date=18 March 2018 |publisher=Liam Hemsworth verified Instagram account|access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103024326/https://www.instagram.com/p/Bgc_jVSnr3q/ |archive-date=3 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> on his paternal line he is of English, Scottish, and German ancestry.<ref name=peoplesouthafrica>{{cite news| url = http://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/10-fun-facts-about-liam-hemsworth | title= 10 Fun Facts About Liam Hemsworth|first=Angela |last=Bekiaris|date=14 January 2016|access-date=2 June 2016|work=People|location = Johannesburg, South Africa| publisher= Caxton Magazines| archive-date= 15 May 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160515184201/http://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/10-fun-facts-about-liam-hemsworth | url-status=live}}</ref> He was brought up both in Melbourne and in the [[Outback]] in [[Bulman, Northern Territory]]. He has said, "My earliest memories were on the cattle stations up in the Outback, and then we moved back to Melbourne and then back out there and then back again. Certainly most of my childhood was in Melbourne but probably my most vivid memories were up there [in Bulman] with crocodiles and buffalo. Very different walks of life."<ref name="fft" /> He attended high school at [[Heathmont College]]<ref name="fft" /> before his family again returned to the Northern Territory, and then moved a few years later to [[Phillip Island]].<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nK9hoClrB-A/ |title=Chris Hemsworth on ''Jimmy Kimmel Live!'' Part 1 |date=5 May 2011|work=[[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]] |via= YouTube}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===2002–2010: Early work and ''Home and Away''===<br />
Hemsworth began his career by appearing in several television series. In 2002, Hemsworth starred in two episodes of fantasy television series ''[[Guinevere Jones]]'' as King Arthur, as well as making an appearance in soap opera series ''[[Neighbours]]'' and one episode of ''[[Marshall Law]]''. The following year, he appeared in an episode of ''[[The Saddle Club]]''. In 2004, Hemsworth auditioned for the role of [[Robbie Hunter (Home and Away)|Robbie Hunter]] in Australian soap opera ''[[Home and Away]]''. He did not receive the part, but was subsequently recalled for the part of [[Kim Hyde]]. He moved to Sydney to join the cast, appearing in 171 episodes of the series.<ref>{{cite magazine|author-link=Nikki Finke |last=Finke |first=Nikki |url=https://www.deadline.com/2009/05/toldja-marvel-studios-about-to-announce-chris-hemsworth-as-thor/ |title=More 'Thor': Marvel Studios Casts UK Actor Tom Hiddleston as Villain Loki |magazine=Deadline Hollywood |date=18 May 2009 |archive-date=4 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504025145/http://www.deadline.com/2009/05/toldja-marvel-studios-about-to-announce-chris-hemsworth-as-thor/ |url-status=dead |access-date=8 May 2011 }}</ref> He left the cast of ''Home and Away'' on 3 July 2007. Hemsworth later remarked that although he became more visible after ''Home and Away'', his work on a soap opera did not earn him respect within the film industry.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/home-and-away/a776865/chris-hemsworth-admits-home-and-away-role-didnt-earn-him-respect-theyre-not-the-greatest-scripts/|title=Chris Hemsworth slates Home and Away role|last=Dainty|first=Sophie|date=10 December 2015|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|language=en-GB|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hemsworth was a contestant on the [[Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 5)|fifth season]] of ''[[Dancing with the Stars (Australian TV series)|Dancing with the Stars Australia]]'', partnered with professional dancer Abbey Ross. The season premiered on 26 September 2006, and after six weeks, Hemsworth was eliminated on 7 November. Hemsworth's appearance in the franchise would almost cost him the role of Thor, as producers of the Marvel film franchise feared fans would be put off.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vt.co/entertainment/film-tv/its-time-to-discuss-chris-hemsworth-on-dancing-with-the-stars/|title=It's High Time We Discussed Chris Hemsworth's Forgotten Appearance On 'Dancing With The Stars'|last=Brazell|first=Emma|date=1 May 2019|publisher=[[Jungle Creations#Operation|VT]]|language=en|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2009, Hemsworth played [[James T. Kirk]]'s father, [[List of Star Trek characters (G–M)#K|George Kirk]], in the opening scenes of [[J. J. Abrams]]' film ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]''. The role was initially offered to [[Matt Damon]], who turned it down; Abrams appreciated Hemsworth taking on the role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1626820/story.jhtml|title=J.J. Abrams And Chris Pine Have Our Gratitude For Rebooting 'Star Trek'|last=Horowitz|first=Josh|date=27 December 2009|publisher=[[MTV]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227135701/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1626820/story.jhtml|archive-date=27 December 2009|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> Josh Tyler of ''Cinema Blend'' was impressed with Hemsworth, describing the actor's scene as the "best five minutes I've spent in a movie theater this year."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Captain-Kirk-Dad-Branagh-Thor-13176.html|title=Captain Kirk's Dad Is Branagh's Thor!|last=Tyler|first=Josh|date=17 May 2009|magazine=Cinema Blend|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> The film was a box office success, grossing US$385.7&nbsp;million.<ref name="BoxOfficeMojo2">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2009&p=.htm|title=2009 Worldwide Grosses|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=29 October 2009}}</ref> That same year, Hemsworth played the character Kale Garrity in the thriller ''[[A Perfect Getaway]]''. It was a modest success, grossing US$22&nbsp;million against a US$14&nbsp;million budget,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=perfectgetaway.htm|title=A Perfect Getaway (2009)|publisher=Box Office Mojo|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> and received mixed reviews,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/perfectgetaway|title=Perfect Getaway, A|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=21 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_perfect_getaway/|title=A Perfect Getaway|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=23 April 2015}}</ref> but Hemsworth was praised for his "appropriately intimidating" performance of a "thuggish backpacker."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://collider.com/a-perfect-getaway-dvd-review/|title='A Perfect Getaway' Review|last=Daniels|first=Hunter|date=4 February 2010|publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|language=en-US|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> Paul Young of ''[[Screen Rant]]'' also praised Hemsworth's performance as "solid."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://screenrant.com/cash-cah-cast-sean-bean-chris-hemsworth/|title=Sean Bean & Chris Hemsworth are in Search of 'CASH'|last=Young|first=Paul|date=18 January 2010|magazine=Screen Rant|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hemsworth went on to play Sam in 2010's ''[[Cash (2010 film)|Ca$h]]'' alongside English actor [[Sean Bean]], which was the first film he shot when he arrived in the United States. The film's director, [[Stephen Milburn Anderson]], said Hemsworth had only been in the United States for six weeks when he had auditioned for the role, recalling, "Here's a guy who is young, has the right look, is a very good actor and, let's face it, he's beautiful. So I say, we need to get this guy in. I was very impressed".<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDvIly2-fAI |title=Casting Chris Hemsworth|work=The Movie Cash Podcast |via=Youtube |access-date=4 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716052350/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDvIly2-fAI |archive-date=16 July 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2010, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' named Hemsworth one of the young male actors who are "pushing&nbsp;– or being pushed" onto the Hollywood "A-List".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/gallery/hollywoods-list-redefined-44771|title=Hollywood's A-List Redefined|first2=Lauren|last2=Schutte|first1=Emily|last1=Blank|publisher=(slide 4 of 10 in slideshow) The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=13 April 2011|date=15 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423220342/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/gallery/hollywoods-list-redefined-44771|archive-date=23 April 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><!--slide 4 apparently non-archivable--><br />
<br />
===2011–2015: Worldwide recognition===<br />
[[File:Chris Hemsworth (8492541282).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Hemsworth in 2013]]<br />
In 2011, Sony Pictures announced that Hemsworth would star in the thriller ''Shadow Runner'',<ref name="shadow">{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/chris-hemsworth-star-sonys-shadow-206946|title=Chris Hemsworth to Star in Sony's 'Shadow Runner'|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=29 June 2011|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=1 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703214215/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/chris-hemsworth-star-sonys-shadow-206946|archive-date=3 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> but the film has yet to go into production. That same year, Hemsworth was cast as the superhero [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]. His first film in the franchise was 2011's ''[[Thor (film)|Thor]]''. He and castmate [[Tom Hiddleston]], who ultimately played [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]], had each auditioned for the role, for which Hemsworth said he put on 20 pounds of muscle.<ref name=menshealth>{{cite web| url=http://www.menshealth.com/celebrity-fitness/chris-hemsworth-workout| title=Chris Hemsworth's Workout| first=Lara| last=Rosenbaum| work=[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]| access-date=5 June 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608174459/http://www.menshealth.com/celebrity-fitness/chris-hemsworth-workout| archive-date=8 June 2012| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref> With a worldwide gross of US$449.3&nbsp;million,<ref name="BoxOfficeMojo">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=thor.htm |title=Thor (2011) |publisher=Box Office Mojo |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5zxsfDE7J?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=thor.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> ''Thor'' was the 15th highest-grossing film of 2011.<ref name="BoxOfficeMojo4">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2011&p=.htm |title=2011 Worldwide Grosses |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=6 March 2012}}</ref> The film received positive reviews,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/thor/|title=Thor (2011)|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> and Hemsworth's portrayal of the God of Thunder was praised by [[Kenneth Turan]] of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.<ref name="Turan">{{cite news|last=Turan |first=Kenneth |date=6 May 2011 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/reviews/la-et-thor-20110506,0,7805780.story?track=rss |title=Movie Review: ''Thor'' |work=Los Angeles Times |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5zxsitqx6?url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/reviews/la-et-thor-20110506,0,7805780.story?track=rss |url-status=live |archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> Hemsworth reprised the role the following year for the film ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012) as one of the six superheroes{{mdash}}alongside [[Robert Downey Jr.]]'s [[Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Tony Stark / Iron Man]], [[Chris Evans (actor)|Chris Evans]]' [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Steve Rogers / Captain America]], [[Mark Ruffalo]]'s [[Bruce Banner (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Bruce Banner / Hulk]], [[Scarlett Johansson]]'s [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Natasha Romanova / Black Widow]], and [[Jeremy Renner]]'s [[Clint Barton (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Clint Barton / Hawkeye]]{{mdash}}sent to defend Earth from his adopted brother, Loki.<ref name="movies.yahoo.com">{{cite web |last=McDaniel |first=Matt |title='Avengers' star Tom Hiddleston told Chris Hemsworth to really hit him |url=https://movies.yahoo.com/blogs/movie-talk/avengers-tom-hiddleston-told-214048580.html |publisher=Yahoo! Movies |date=2 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515212836/http://movies.yahoo.com/blogs/movie-talk/avengers-tom-hiddleston-told-214048580.html |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film was a critical<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers/|title=Marvel's The Avengers (2012)|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes. [[Fandango Media]]|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> and commercial success, grossing over US$1.5&nbsp;billion worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=avengers11.htm |title=''The Avengers'' (2012) |publisher=Box Office Mojo |archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/6Bsi7ABu5?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=avengers11.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> The ensemble cast was praised for their onscreen chemistry by [[Peter Travers]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-avengers-118986/|title=The Avengers|last=Travers|first=Peter|date=30 April 2012|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hemsworth shot the horror film ''[[The Cabin in the Woods]]'' shortly after the release of ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'', but it went unreleased until 2012. It garnered positive reviews,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_cabin_in_the_woods/|title=The Cabin in the Woods (2012)|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=10 March 2009}}</ref> and his portrayal of Alpha male jock Curt Vaughan was described by Alison Foreman of [[Mashable]] as his "sexiest" role yet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashable.com/article/chris-hemsworth-the-cabin-in-the-woods/|title=Chris Hemsworth's role in 'The Cabin in the Woods' is by far his sexiest|last=Foreman|first=Alison|date=7 July 2018|publisher=Mashable|language=en|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> Hemsworth later starred opposite [[Kristen Stewart]] in the film ''[[Snow White and the Huntsman]]'' (2012) as the Huntsman. Although a commercial success, grossing US$396&nbsp;million worldwide,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=snowwhiteandthehuntsman.htm#%7Cdf=mdy-all|title=Snow White and the Huntsman (2012)|publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/snow_white_and_the_huntsman/|title=Snow White and the Huntsman|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214171903/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/snow_white_and_the_huntsman/|archive-date=14 February 2014|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref> Critics were critical of Hemsworth and Stewart's onscreen chemistry, and Angela Watercutter of ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' felt the characters were "not fully fleshed-out."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/06/review-snow-white-and-the-huntsman/|title=Review: In Dark Huntsman, Snow White Is an Enchanting Badass|last=Watercutter|first=Angela|date=1 June 2012|work=Wired|access-date=6 August 2019|language=en-US|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Hemsworth was cast as Jed Eckert in the 2012 [[Red Dawn (2012 film)|''Red Dawn'' remake]] after MGM saw [[dailies]] footage of a scene from ''The Cabin in the Woods;''<ref name="Whedon">{{cite web|title=34 Things We Learned From 'The Cabin in the Woods' Commentary |first=Jeremy |last=Kirk |date=20 September 2012 |url=https://www.filmschoolrejects.com/features/34-things-we-learned-from-the-cabin-in-the-woods-commentary.php?all=1|publisher=FilmSchoolRejects.com |access-date=10 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114021338/http://www.filmschoolrejects.com/features/34-things-we-learned-from-the-cabin-in-the-woods-commentary.php?all=1|archive-date=14 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> he was cast as Thor two days after being cast in ''Red Dawn''.<ref name="Whedon"/> The film was a [[box-office bomb]], grossing only US$50&nbsp;million against a production budget of US$65&nbsp;million,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=reddawn10.htm|title=Red Dawn (2012) (2012) |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> and received negative reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/red_dawn_2012/|title=Red Dawn (2012)|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes [[Flixster]]|access-date=20 November 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013, Hemsworth starred in [[Ron Howard]]'s sports drama film ''[[Rush (2013 film)|Rush]]'', as {{f1|1976}} [[Formula 1]] World Champion [[James Hunt]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://collider.com/chris-hemsworth-rush/101692/ |title=Chris Hemsworth in Talks to Play Formula 1 Driver James Hunt in Ron Howard's 'Rush'|first=Adam|last= Chitwood |publisher=Collider|date=11 July 2011 |access-date=7 October 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111008225937/http://collider.com/chris-hemsworth-rush/101692/| archive-date=8 October 2011| url-status=live}}</ref> The film was critically praised and became a box office success, grossing US$98.2&nbsp;million against a budget of US$38&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rush-(2013)|title=Rush (2013) - Financial Information|publisher=The Numbers|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> Henry Barnes of ''[[The Guardian]]'' was impressed with Hemsworth's performance, praising the actor for delivering the "superb script" with "some mastery."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/sep/06/rush-review|title=Rush – Toronto 2013: first look review|last=Barnes|first=Henry|date=6 September 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=6 August 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Later that year, Hemsworth reprised the role of Thor for the sequel to ''Thor'' in ''[[Thor: The Dark World]]'' (2013).<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.deadline.com/2011/06/marvel-and-disney-sets-thor-2-for-summer-2013-kenneth-branagh-wont-return/|title=Marvel And Disney Setting 'Thor 2' For Winter 2013; Chris Hemsworth's Back but Kenneth Branagh Won't Return|last=Flemming|first=Mike|date=30 June 2011|magazine=Deadline Hollywood|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701045146/http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/marvel-and-disney-sets-thor-2-for-summer-2013-kenneth-branagh-wont-return/|archive-date=1 July 2011|url-status=live|access-date=1 July 2011}}</ref> Although a commercial success with a worldwide gross of US$644.6&nbsp;million,<ref name="BOM2">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107224930/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=thor2.htm |title=''Thor: The Dark World'' (2013) |publisher=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=thor2.htm |archive-date=7 November 2016}}</ref> the film became the lowest-rated film in the MCU franchise on the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] at 66% approval rating.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/thor_the_dark_world/|title=''Thor: The Dark World'' (2013)|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media|access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref> The chemistry between Hemsworth and Hiddleston was praised by critics; Ben Child of ''The Guardian'' wrote, "Thanks to Hiddleston and Hemsworth's impressive collective charisma, ''Thor: The Dark World'' is far from a franchise killer."<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |date=23 October 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/oct/23/thor-the-dark-world-review |title=''Thor: The Dark World'' – first look review |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KaekHBGz?url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/oct/23/thor-the-dark-world-review |url-status=live |archive-date=23 October 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2015, Hemsworth starred in director [[Michael Mann (director)|Michael Mann]]'s action thriller ''[[Blackhat (film)|Blackhat]]'', opposite [[Viola Davis]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Travis |last=Reilly|title=Chris Hemsworth First Look on Set of Michael Mann Hacker Thriller 'Blackhat' Revealed|url=https://www.thewrap.com/chris-hemsworth-first-look-on-set-of-michael-mann-hacker-thriller-blackhat-revealed-photo/|publisher=The Wrap|access-date=12 August 2014|date=26 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212851/http://www.thewrap.com/chris-hemsworth-first-look-on-set-of-michael-mann-hacker-thriller-blackhat-revealed-photo/|archive-date=12 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The film bombed at the box office<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.showbiz411.com/2015/01/31/movies-universal-basically-pulls-blackhat-from-circulation-johnny-depps-mortdecai-mia/|title=Movies: Universal Basically Pulls "Blackhat" from Circulation, Johnny Depp's "Mortdecai" MIA|date=31 January 2015|publisher=Showbiz411|access-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> and was poorly received.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/blackhat/|title=''Blackhat''|website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=29 April 2019}}</ref> For many critics, a significant issue of the film was the casting of Hemsworth as a hacker;<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/27/blackhat|title=Blackhat|last1=Nashawaty|first1=Chris|date=27 January 2015|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=11 January 2016}}<br/>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2015/01/14/blackhat-review/21758457/|title='Blackhat' aims for topical but ends up with a hack job|last1=Puig|first1=Claudia|date=15 January 2015|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|access-date=11 January 2016}}<br/>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/01/blackhat-review/384597/|title=Blackhat: A Lumbering, Pandering Cyberthriller|last1=Orr|first1=Christopher|date=16 January 2015|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> [[Christy Lemire]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' remarked, "Anyone who makes [their] way in the world sitting in front of a computer screen all day is not going to look as hunky as Hemsworth."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://christylemire.com/blackhat/ |title=Blackhat |last1=Lemire |first1=Christy |date=17 January 2015 |website=Christy Lemire |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> Hemsworth himself later admitted to being displeased with his performance: "I didn't enjoy what I did in the film," he commented. "It just felt flat, and it was also an attempt to do what I thought people might have wanted to see. But I don't think I'm good in that space."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/features/chris-hemsworth-avengers-thor-men-in-black-international-1203225799/|title=How Chris Hemsworth Found His Way as a Movie Star With Thor and 'The Avengers'|last=Seetodeh|first=Ramin|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=28 May 2019|access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> He reprised his role as Thor for the fourth time in the sequel to ''The Avengers'', ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]''.<ref name="AgeofUltron">{{cite web |last=Vejvoda |first=Jim |date=29 August 2013 |title=James Spader to Play Ultron in the Avengers Sequel |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/08/29/james-spader-to-play-ultron-in-the-avengers-sequel |publisher=[[IGN]] |access-date=29 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831235121/http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/08/29/james-spader-to-play-ultron-in-the-avengers-sequel|archive-date=31 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to the film receiving positive reviews<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avengers_age_of_ultron/|title=Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122063328/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avengers_age_of_ultron/|archive-date=22 January 2019|url-status=live|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> and grossing over US$1.4&nbsp;billion worldwide,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=avengers2.htm|title=Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)|publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> Hemsworth also won the [[42nd People's Choice Awards|People's Choice Awards]] for Favorite Action Movie Actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=2016|title=2016 Nominees & Winners|publisher=[[People's Choice Awards]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819101007/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=2016|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> Hemsworth returned to the set of ''Home and Away'' in November 2014 to film a scene as an [[Extra (acting)|extra]] and not as his character Kim Hyde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvweeklogieawards.com.au/news/articles/2014/11/chris-hemsworth-returns-to-summer-bay!/|title=Chris Hemsworth returns to Summer Bay!|work=[[TV Week]]|date=26 November 2014|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202135003/http://www.tvweeklogieawards.com.au/news/articles/2014/11/chris-hemsworth-returns-to-summer-bay!/|archive-date=2 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Return">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/chris-hemsworth-returns-to-summer-bay-with-home-and-away-cameo/story-fni0cvc9-1227357941810|title=Chris Hemsworth returns to Summer Bay with Home and Away cameo|last=Moran|first=Jonathon|work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]|date=18 May 2015|access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref> The episode which he appeared in was broadcast on 19 May 2015.<ref name="Return" /><br />
<br />
That same year, he co-starred in the comedy film ''[[Vacation (2015 film)|Vacation]]'', along with [[Ed Helms]], a revival of the [[National Lampoon's Vacation (film series)|film series]] that originally starred [[Chevy Chase]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Chris Hemsworth & Charlie Day Taking a 'Vacation' with Ed Helms|url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2014/chris-hemsworth-charlie-day-taking-a-vacation-with-ed-helms/|publisher=FirstShowing.net|access-date=31 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025074145/http://www.firstshowing.net/2014/chris-hemsworth-charlie-day-taking-a-vacation-with-ed-helms/|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> He was nominated for the [[2016 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]] for [[MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss|Best Kiss]] with [[Leslie Mann]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://comicbook.com/2016/03/08/deadpool-avengers-and-star-wars-nominated-for-mtv-movie-awards/|title=Deadpool, Avengers, And Star Wars Nominated For MTV Movie Awards|first==Jamie|last= Lovett|date=8 March 2016|publisher=Comicbook.com|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170831104949/http://comicbook.com/2016/03/08/deadpool-avengers-and-star-wars-nominated-for-mtv-movie-awards/|archive-date=31 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> His last 2015 film was ''[[In the Heart of the Sea (film)|In the Heart of the Sea]]'', based on the [[In the Heart of the Sea|book of the same name]] by [[Nathaniel Philbrick]], with Hemsworth playing first mate [[Owen Chase]]. In an interview on ''[[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]]'', he said that to prepare for the role of starving sailors, the cast was put on a diet of 500–600 calories a day to lose weight.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Chris Hemsworth/Jane's Addiction; Episode #11.69|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TTFozTum7w|series=[[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]]|network=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]|quote=Jimmy: You're on some crazy diet right now I heard because of this movie you're shooting. Chris: ...and we have to get rather skinny, we're on about 500 or 600 calories a day|airdate=4 November 2013|access-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902105217/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TTFozTum7w|archive-date=2 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ''In the Heart of the Sea'' received mixed reviews from critics, and was a box office disappointment, grossing US$93&nbsp;million against a US$100&nbsp;million budget,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=heartofthesea.htm|title=In the Heart of the Sea (2015) |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> but Hemsworth received a nomination for Choice Movie Actor: Action at the [[2016 Teen Choice Awards|18th Teen Choice Awards]].<ref name="TeenChoice2">{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/767635/teen-choice-awards-2016-nominations-announced-see-the-first-wave-of-potential-winners|title=Teen Choice Awards 2016 Nominations Announced: See the "First Wave" of Potential Winners|last=Vulpo|first=Mike|date=24 May 2016|publisher=[[E! News]]|archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/6hm3YMtx8?url=http://www.eonline.com/news/767635/teen-choice-awards-2016-nominations-announced-see-the-first-wave-of-potential-winners|archive-date=25 May 2016|url-status=live|access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2016–present: Further commercial success===<br />
[[File:Chris Hemsworth by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|285x285px|Hemsworth at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
In 2016, Hemsworth reprised the role of Eric the Huntsman in ''[[The Huntsman: Winter's War]]'', alongside [[Jessica Chastain]], who played his love interest. Writing for [[IndieWire]], Oliver Lyttelton criticised the onscreen chemistry between Hemsworth and Chastain, stating that "they're both struggling uphill against accents they're palpably not comfortable with, displaying zero chemistry, and frankly appearing to be in different films."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2016/04/review-the-huntsman-winters-war-starring-chris-hemsworth-jessica-chastain-emily-blunt-charlize-theron-83789/|title=Review: 'The Huntsman: Winter's War' Starring Chris Hemsworth, Jessica Chastain, Emily Blunt & Charlize Theron|last=Lyttelton|first=Oliver|date=18 April 2016|publisher=IndieWire|language=en|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> The film underperformed compared to its predecessor, grossing only US$165&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=huntsman.htm|title=The Huntsman: Winter's War (2016)|publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> Hemsworth later joined the cast of the reboot ''[[Ghostbusters (2016 film)|Ghostbusters]]'' film, playing Kevin the receptionist.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2015/11/16/charlize-theron-jessica-chastain-huntsman-winters-war-posters|title=See Charlize Theron, Jessica Chastain in new The Huntsman Winter's War character posters|last=Coggan|first=Devan|date=16 November 2015|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813200236/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/11/16/charlize-theron-jessica-chastain-huntsman-winters-war-posters|archive-date=13 August 2016|url-status=live|access-date=18 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Ghostbusters">{{cite news|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/449083-chris-hemsworth-is-the-new-ghostbusters-receptionist|title=Chris Hemsworth is the New Ghostbusters Receptionist!|last=Lesnick|first=Silas|date=10 June 2015|access-date=18 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914001414/http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/449083-chris-hemsworth-is-the-new-ghostbusters-receptionist|archive-date=14 September 2016|url-status=live|publisher=Comingsoon.net}}</ref> The film disappointed critically and commercially, but Hemsworth was praised for "deliver[ing] the most fun" by Caroline Westbrook of ''[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2016/07/11/ghostbusters-review-in-a-film-dominated-by-women-its-chris-hemsworth-who-delivers-the-most-fun-5999288/|title=REVIEW: The best thing about the all-female Ghostbusters? Chris Hemsworth...|last=Westbrook|first=Caroline|date=11 July 2016|newspaper=Metro|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> and won the [[Kids' Choice Awards]] for Favorite Movie Actor.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-nominations-2017-full-list-1201975603/|title=Justin Timberlake and Kevin Hart Lead Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards Nominations|date=2 February 2017|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=19 February 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hemsworth reprised his role as Thor in ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', released on 3 November 2017 in the U.S.,<ref name="Ragnarok">{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/23544/thor_brings_ragnarok_to_the_marvel_cinematic_universe_in_2017 |title=Thor Brings Ragnarok to the Marvel Cinematic Universe in 2017 |last=Strom |first=Marc |publisher=[[Marvel Comics|Marvel.com]] |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028202207/http://marvel.com/news/movies/23544/thor_brings_ragnarok_to_the_marvel_cinematic_universe_in_2017 |archive-date=28 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and again in both the third and fourth ''Avengers'' films, ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' and ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' in 2018 and 2019 respectively.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://collider.com/avengers-3-4-chris-hemsworth-reveals-marvel-movies-left-on-his-contract/|title=Chris Hemsworth Reveals the 3 Marvel Movies Left on His Contract|publisher=Collider|last=Chitwood|first=Adam|date=14 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416060746/http://collider.com/avengers-3-4-chris-hemsworth-reveals-marvel-movies-left-on-his-contract/|archive-date=16 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> All three films were a critical and commercial success.<ref name="Moran">{{cite magazine|url=https://screenrant.com/thor-ragnarok-saved-franchise/|title=Ragnarok Truly Did Save The Thor Franchise|last=Moran|first=Sarah|date=1 September 2018|magazine=ScreenRant}}</ref> [[Matt Zoller Seitz]] of [[RogerEbert.com]] likened Hemsworth's acting to [[Cary Grant]], stating that "Hemsworth's charisma holds [''Thor: Ragnarok''] together whenever it threatens to spin apart".<ref name="SeitzReview">{{cite web |last=Seitz |first=Matt Zoller |date=30 October 2017 |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/thor-ragnarok-2017 |title=''Thor: Ragnarok'' Movie Review & Film Summary (2017) |publisher=RogerEbert.com |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6x5CpyDCU?url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/thor-ragnarok-2017 |archive-date=8 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hemsworth won the [[2018 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]] for [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – Sci-Fi/Fantasy|Choice Sci-Fi Movie Actor]].<ref name="TeenChoice">{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/teen-choice-awards-2018-full-list-winners-1134169 |title=Teen Choice Awards: Winners List |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=12 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813030438/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/teen-choice-awards-2018-full-list-winners-1134169 |url-status=live |archive-date=13 August 2018}}</ref> Meanwhile, in his review of ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'', [[Joe Morgenstern]] of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' acknowledged "Hemsworth's Thor, endearing despite some ragged material and the actor's seemingly limited dramatic range" while praising Hemsworth in the MCU Infinity Saga finale "as the graceful, exuberant comic actor he was destined to be, while Thor morphs, alarmingly and charmingly{{mdash}}yet still heroically{{mdash}}into a beer-bellied apparition who could pass for [[Jeff Lebowski]]."<ref name="MorgensternEndgame">{{cite journal|last=Morgenstern|first=Joe|date=25 April 2019|title='Avengers: Endgame' Review: A Marvelous Wrap|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/avengers-endgame-review-a-marvelous-wrap-11556124677|url-status=live|journal=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78rjAMsPj?url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/avengers-endgame-review-a-marvelous-wrap-11556124677|archive-date=3 June 2019|access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019, Hemsworth also starred in a spin-off of the ''[[Men in Black (film series)|Men in Black]]'' series, titled ''[[Men in Black: International]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Romano|first1=Nick|title=Men in Black spin-off set photos show off Chris Hemsworth, Tessa Thompson|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/09/21/men-in-black-spin-off-photos-chris-hemsworth-tessa-thompson/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=21 January 2019|date=21 September 2018}}</ref> The film grossed US$253&nbsp;million worldwide and received generally unfavourable reviews from critics, who criticised the "lackluster action and forgettable plot," although the chemistry between Hemsworth and co-star [[Tessa Thompson]] was praised.<ref name="ReviewRoundup">{{cite web |first=Charlie |last=Ridgely |date=12 June 2019 |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/06/12/men-in-black-international-review-round-up/ |title=Men in Black: International Review Round-Up |publisher=ComicBook.com |access-date=12 June 2019 |quote=the majority of them are tearing down the film for its lackluster action and forgettable plot.}}</ref> The following year, he starred in the [[Netflix]] action thriller ''[[Extraction (2020 film)|Extraction]]'', reuniting him with the [[Russo brothers]], who served as producers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/english/2018/nov/05/chris-hemsworth-begins-shooting-for-netflix-film-dhaka-in-india-1894548.html|title=Chris Hemsworth begins shooting for Netflix film 'Dhaka' in India|newspaper=The New Indian Express|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref> After being watched by 90&nbsp;million households in its initial month of release, the film broke Netflix's viewership record previously held by ''[[Bird Box (film)#Audience viewership|Bird Box]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title= Chris Hemsworth Thanks Fans As 'Extraction' Looks To Become Netflix's Biggest-Ever Film Premiere |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Anita|last=Bennett|date=2 May 2020|access-date=2 May 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2020/05/chris-hemsworth-thanks-fans-as-extraction-looks-to-become-netflixs-biggest-ever-film-premiere-1202924445/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chris Hemsworth's Extraction is going to set a huge Netflix record<br />
|work=[[Digital Spy]]|first=Chris|last=Edwards|date=4 May 2020|access-date=4 June 2020|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a32370240/chris-hemsworth-extraction-netflix-record-biggest-premiere/}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Upcoming projects====<br />
Hemsworth was originally going to reprise his role as George Kirk in the fourth film of the [[Star Trek (film series)#Reboot films|rebooted ''Star Trek'' film series]],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/18/star-trek-chris-hemsworth|title=Chris Hemsworth will return for fourth Star Trek film|first=Christopher|last=Rossen|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=18 July 2016|access-date=18 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718203728/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/18/star-trek-chris-hemsworth|archive-date=18 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kroll|first=Justin|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/s-j-clarkson-star-trek-4-chris-pine-chris-hemsworth-1202787592/|title='Star Trek 4': S.J. Clarkson Becomes the First Female Director in Franchise's History (EXCLUSIVE)|date=26 April 2018|magazine=Variety|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618044152/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/s-j-clarkson-star-trek-4-chris-pine-chris-hemsworth-1202787592/|archive-date=18 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> but he left the project in August 2018 after contract negotiations fell through.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/star-trek-4-chris-pine-chris-hemsworth-talks-fall-1133802|title=Chris Pine and Chris Hemsworth 'Star Trek 4' Future In Doubt as Talks Fall Through (Exclusive)|magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=10 August 2018|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811011958/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/star-trek-4-chris-pine-chris-hemsworth-talks-fall-1133802|archive-date=11 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Hemsworth later revealed that the reason for his exit was because he found the script underwhelming.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Setoodth|first=Ramin|title=How Chris Hemsworth Found His Way as a Movie Star With Thor and 'The Avengers' |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/features/chris-hemsworth-avengers-thor-men-in-black-international-1203225799/ |magazine=Variety |access-date=14 June 2019 |date=28 May 2019}}</ref> He will also reprise the role of Thor in the fourth film, ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'', which was set to start filming in August 2020, in Australia,<ref name="Thor4ShangChiAustraliaFilming">{{cite magazine |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=25 July 2019 |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/asia/thor-blood-thunder-shang-chi-marvel-shoot-in-australia-1203280751/ |title=Marvel's ''Thor: Love and Thunder'' and ''Shang-Chi'' to Shoot in Sydney, Australia |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> and scheduled to be released in 2022.<ref name="THRPhase4SDCC">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/marvel-unveils-post-avengers-endgame-plans-at-comic-con-1225869|title=Marvel Unveils Post-'Endgame' Slate with 'Eternals', 'Shang-Chi' and Multiple Sequels|last1=Couch|first1=Aaron|last2=Kit|first2=Borys|date=20 July 2019|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721025858/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/marvel-unveils-post-avengers-endgame-plans-at-comic-con-1225869|archive-date=21 July 2019|url-status=live|access-date=20 July 2019}}</ref> On 13 October 2020, it was announced that Hemsworth will star in the ''[[Mad Max: Fury Road]]'' spin-off ''Furiosa''.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=D'Alessandro|first1=Anthony|date=13 October 2020|title='Mad Max' Spinoff 'Furiosa' In The Works At Warners With George Miller Directing & Anya Taylor-Joy In Title Role; Chris Hemsworth & Yahya Abdul-Mateen II Along For Ride|url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/furiosa-mad-max-spinoff-george-miller-anya-taylor-joy-chris-hemsworth-1234596503/|access-date=13 October 2020|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Public image==<br />
After appearing as Thor in the MCU franchise, Hemsworth's physique gained attention from fans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodtreatment.com.au/32319/zachary-levi-not-ready-to-be-a-sex-symbol/|title=Zachary Levi 'not ready' to be a sex symbol|date=18 March 2019|publisher=Hollywood Treatment|language=en-AU|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> His exercise routines have been regularly discussed in the media, including ''[[The Times of India]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/chris-hemsworths-underwater-workout-video-will-leave-you-impressed/articleshow/70292843.cms|title=Chris Hemsworth's underwater workout video will leave you impressed|date=19 July 2019|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> ''[[Men's Health]]'',<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.menshealth.com/entertainment/a28600139/chris-liam-hemsworth-competitive-working-out/|title=Chris and Liam Hemsworth Work Out Together and Things Get Competitive|last=Ellis|first=Philip|date=4 August 2019|magazine=[[Men's Health]]|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.menshealth.com/fitness/a19041749/chris-hemsworth-instagram-workout-91-degree-heat/|title=Chris Hemsworth Trains in 91-Degree Heat, So What's Your Excuse?|last=Reslen|first=Eileen|date=1 March 2018|magazine=[[Men's Health]]|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> MensXP,<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/celebrities/55073-chris-hemsworth-rsquo-s-intense-underwater-workout-proves-that-thor-is-now-coming-for-aquaman.html|title=Chris Hemsworth's Intense Underwater Workout Proves That Thor Is Now Coming For Aquaman|last=Anand|first=Harshleen|date=23 July 2019|magazine=Mens XP|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Tonight]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.etonline.com/chris-hemsworth-flaunts-his-chiseled-abs-with-brother-liam-in-australia-pics-129907|title=Chris Hemsworth and Brother Liam Flaunt Their Chiseled Abs: Pics!|last=Murphy|first=Desiree|date=5 August 2019|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> and [[Metro (British newspaper)|''Metro'']].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2019/08/06/chris-hemsworth-works-youtuber-erik-conover-get-body-like-thor-brutal-10526673/|title=Chris Hemsworth shares body confidence fears playing Thor|last=Adejobi|first=Alicia|date=6 August 2019|newspaper=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> He later created the fitness app, Centr, which provides paid customers access to nutrition, wellness, and exercise routines.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.menshealth.com/fitness/a26086239/chris-hemsworth-centr-app/|title=Chris Hemsworth's Centr App Gives You His Wellness Secrets|last=Williams|first=Brett|date=30 January 2019|magazine=[[Men's Health]]|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> In 2014, he was named the "Sexiest Man Alive" by ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20315920_20873902,00.html|title=Sexiest Man Alive 2014: Chris Hemsworth: I Learned to Be Sexy from Matt Damon|last=Fowler|first=Tara|date=19 November 2014|magazine=People|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121175845/http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20315920_20873902,00.html|archive-date=21 November 2014|url-status=live|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hemsworth was the star of the [[Australian Football League]]'s 2014 ''Everything's Possible'' campaign. He donated fees for his involvement to the Australian Children Foundation.<ref>Whiting, Michael (1 March 2014). [http://www.afl.com.au/news/2014-03-01/stars-on-show-for-afls-new-marketing-campaign "Stars on show for AFL's new marketing campaign"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826190022/http://www.afl.com.au/news/2014-03-01/stars-on-show-for-afls-new-marketing-campaign|date=26 August 2014}}, Australian Football League. Retrieved 20 April 2015.</ref> Hemsworth was also the star in the AFL's 2017 "I'd Like to See That" commercial.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news.com.au/sport/afl/chris-hemsworth-takes-the-afl-to-hollywood-in-new-campaign/news-story/631a55b4c7ca3327b635e3c1643d0ed8|title=Chris Hemsworth takes the AFL to Hollywood in new campaign|date=17 March 2017|work=news.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714150914/https://www.news.com.au/sport/afl/chris-hemsworth-takes-the-afl-to-hollywood-in-new-campaign/news-story/631a55b4c7ca3327b635e3c1643d0ed8|archive-date=14 July 2018|url-status=live|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> He is an avid supporter of the [[Western Bulldogs]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Quaggin|first=Lucy|date=26 September 2016|title=Chris Hemsworth Gets Behind The Western Bulldogs|language=en-AU|work=Huffington Post|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/09/25/chris-hemsworth-gets-behind-the-western-bulldogs_a_21479019/|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Wealth===<br />
As his career in Hollywood films has developed, Hemsworth has become one of the world's highest-paid actors.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He appeared in ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} World's Highest Paid Actors list in 2014,<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45ekhem/chris-hemsworth-4/|title=World's Highest Paid Actors 2014 - Chris Hemsworth|magazine=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> 2015,<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45mmei/15-chris-hemsworth/|title=World's Highest Paid Actor 2015 - Chris Hemsworth|magazine=Forbes|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> and 2018.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/5b7b16ada7ea43757f2cb680/4-chris-hemsworth/#1d558d97a36f|title=World's Highest Paid Actor 2018 - Chris Hemsworth|magazine=Forbes|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> Additionally, he ranked 31st in the magazine's list of Highest Paid Celebrities in 2018<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/5b46157231358e2c990ec05b/31-chris-hemsworth-645-mi/#7b055a451d32|title=World's Highest Paid Celebrities 2018 - Chris Hemsworth|magazine=Forbes|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> and 24th in 2019<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/celebrities/list/|title=The World's Highest-Paid Celebrities - 2019|magazine=Forbes|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> with estimated earnings of US$76.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/chris-hemsworth/|title=Chris Hemsworth - Profile|magazine=Forbes|language=en|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Hemsworth began dating Spanish model and actress [[Elsa Pataky]] in early 2010 after meeting through their mutual representatives.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/chris-hemsworths-wife-elsa-pataky-gives-birth-2012125/|title=Chris Hemsworth's Wife Elsa Pataky Gives Birth to Daughter India!|date=12 May 2012|work=Us Weekly|access-date=23 October 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023120105/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/chris-hemsworths-wife-elsa-pataky-gives-birth-2012125/|archive-date=23 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> They wed in December 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20453412,00.html |title=''Thor'' Star Chris Hemsworth Gets Married |first=Julie |last=Jordan |date=28 December 2010 |work=People |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328091012/http://www.people.com/people/article/0%2C%2C20453412%2C00.html |archive-date=28 March 2011 |access-date=7 October 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> The couple have a daughter born in May 2012,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2012/05/new-baby-india-for-aussie-chris-hemsworth-and-wife-elsa/1|title=New baby girl for 'Avengers' Chris Hemsworth and wife Elsa|first=Susan|last=Wloszczyna|date=13 May 2012|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=19 March 2018|archive-date=19 May 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180519150346/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2012/05/new-baby-india-for-aussie-chris-hemsworth-and-wife-elsa/1|url-status=live|quote=Hemsworth, 28, confirmed to USA TODAY that he and his wife, actress Elsa Pataky, 35, had a baby girl on Friday. Her name: India.'We love the country and love the name,' says the Aussie actor, calling from England...}}</ref> and twin sons born in March 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mandell|first=Andrea|title=It's twin boys for Chris Hemsworth and Elsa Pataky!|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/03/21/chris-hemsworth-elsa-pataky-welcome-twin-boys/6703013/|work=USA Today|date=21 March 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140325135411/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/03/21/chris-hemsworth-elsa-pataky-welcome-twin-boys/6703013/|url-status=live|quote=...a rep for Hemsworth confirms ... Pataky gave birth to twins early Friday morning...|access-date=25 August 2017}}</ref> In 2015, Hemsworth and his family moved from [[Los Angeles]] to [[Byron Bay, New South Wales]] in his native Australia.<ref>{{cite news|first=Melissa|last=Kehagias|url=http://www.news.com.au/finance/real-estate/sydney-nsw/chris-hemsworth-has-bought-himself-a-7-million-byron-bay-home/news-story/66d6cc80ad96c9647c850cd92f9e8e1a|title=Chris Hemsworth has bought himself a $7 million Byron Bay home|work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]]|date=27 September 2014|access-date=23 November 2015|archive-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180324002423/http://www.news.com.au/finance/real-estate/sydney-nsw/chris-hemsworth-has-bought-himself-a-7-million-byron-bay-home/news-story/66d6cc80ad96c9647c850cd92f9e8e1a |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hemsworth was appointed a [[Order of Australia|Member of the Order of Australia]] in the [[2021 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)|2021 Queen's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mr Christopher Hemsworth|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2008589|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-13|website=It's An Honour}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Denotes productions that have not yet been released}}<br />
| Denotes productions that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
===Film===<br />
<!-- Do not add films that have not begun filming yet per WP:CRYSTAL. --><br />
<!-- Do not add rowspans per WP:FILMOGRAPHY--><br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2009<br />
| ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]''<br />
| George Kirk<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[A Perfect Getaway]]''<br />
| Kale Garrity<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Cash (2010 film)|Ca$h]]''<br />
| Sam Phelan<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| ''[[Thor (film)|Thor]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2012<br />
| ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Cabin in the Woods]]''<br />
| Curt Vaughan<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Snow White and the Huntsman]]''<br />
| [[Huntsman (Snow White)|Eric the Huntsman]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Red Dawn (2012 film)|Red Dawn]]''<br />
| Jed Eckert<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2013<br />
| ''[[Star Trek Into Darkness]]''<br />
| George Kirk (voice)<br />
| [[Cameo appearance|Cameo]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rush (2013 film)|Rush]]''<br />
| [[James Hunt]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thor: The Dark World]]''<br />
|rowspan="2" | Thor<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2015<br />
| ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Blackhat (film)|Blackhat]]''<br />
| Nicholas Hathaway<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vacation (2015 film)|Vacation]]''<br />
| Stone Crandall<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[In the Heart of the Sea (film)|In the Heart of the Sea]]''<br />
| [[Owen Chase]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2016<br />
| ''[[The Huntsman: Winter's War]]''<br />
| Eric the Huntsman<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ghostbusters (2016 film)|Ghostbusters]]''<br />
| Kevin Beckman<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Team Thor#Team Thor (2016)|Team Thor]]''<br />
| rowspan="4" | Thor<br />
| Short film<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Doctor Strange (2016 film)|Doctor Strange]]''<br />
| Uncredited cameo; mid-credits scene<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2017<br />
| ''[[Team Thor#Team Thor: Part 2 (2017)|Team Thor: Part 2]]''<br />
| Short film<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2018<br />
| ''[[12 Strong]]''<br />
| Captain Mitch Nelson<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bad Times at the El Royale]]''<br />
| Billy Lee<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Thor<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2019<br />
| ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Men in Black: International]]''<br />
| Henry / Agent H<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Reboot]]''<br />
| Himself<br />
| Cameo<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''[[Extraction (2020 film)|Extraction]]''<br />
| Tyler Rake<br />
| Also producer<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"|''[[Escape from Spiderhead]]'' {{dagger}}<br />
|<br />
| Post-production; also producer<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"|''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' {{dagger}}<br />
| Thor<br />
| Post-production<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"|2002<br />
| ''[[Guinevere Jones]]''<br />
| [[King Arthur]]<br />
| 2 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Neighbours]]''<br />
| [[List of Neighbours characters (2002)#Jamie Kane|Jamie Kane]]<br />
| Episode 4,069<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Marshall Law]]''<br />
| The Kid<br />
| Episode: "Domestic Bliss"<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''{{sortname|The|Saddle Club}}''<br />
| The New Vet<br />
| Episode: "Tenderfoot"<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Fergus McPhail]]''<br />
| Craig<br />
| Episode: "In a Jam"<br />
|-<br />
| 2004–2007<br />
| ''[[Home and Away]]''<br />
| [[Kim Hyde]]<br />
| 189 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''[[Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 5)|Dancing with the Stars]]''<br />
| Himself<br />
| 5th place<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''<br />
| Host<br />
| Episodes: "[[Saturday Night Live (season 40)#ep781|Chris Hemsworth/Zac Brown Band]]", "[[Saturday Night Live (season 41)#ep795|Chris Hemsworth/Chance The Rapper]]"<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''[[Loki (TV series)|Loki]]''<br />
| [[Throg]]<br />
| Uncredited voice cameo; episode: "[[Journey into Mystery (Loki)|Journey into Mystery]]"<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
|''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]''<br />
| Thor<br />
| Guest role<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| ''[[Thor: God of Thunder]]''<br />
| Thor<br />
| Voice<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|''Lego Dimensions''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Kevin Beckman<br />
|Voice<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
|''[[Ghostbusters (2016 video game)|Ghostbusters]]''<br />
| Voice<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Association<br />
! Category<br />
! Nominated work<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[2011 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| Choice Movie: Breakout Male<br />
| rowspan=4|''[[Thor (film)|Thor]]''<br />
|rowspan=5 {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=5|2012<br />
| [[65th British Academy Film Awards|British Academy Film Awards]]<br />
| [[BAFTA Rising Star Award|Rising Star Award]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[38th People's Choice Awards|People's Choice Awards]]<br />
| Favorite Movie Superhero<br />
|-<br />
| [[MTV Movie Awards]]<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Hero|Best Hero]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|[[2012 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – Sci-Fi/Fantasy|Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy]]<br />
| ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]''<br />
|-<br />
| Choice Summer Movie Star: Male<br />
| ''The Avengers'' & ''[[Snow White and the Huntsman]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=6|2013<br />
| rowspan=3| [[39th People's Choice Awards|People's Choice Awards]]<br />
| Favorite Movie Superhero<br />
| ''The Avengers''<br />
|rowspan=2 {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Favorite On-Screen Chemistry <small>(shared with [[Kristen Stewart]])</small><br />
| ''Snow White and the Huntsman''<br />
|-<br />
| Favorite Action Movie Star<br />
| ''The Avengers'' & ''Snow White and the Huntsman''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]<br />
| Favorite Male Buttkicker<br />
| rowspan=2|''The Avengers''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]]<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| Choice Movie Actor: Action<br />
| ''[[Red Dawn (2012 film)|Red Dawn]]''<br />
|rowspan=4 {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[2014 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – Sci-Fi/Fantasy|Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy]]<br />
| rowspan=2|''[[Thor: The Dark World]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2015<br />
| [[2015 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
|-<br />
| Choice Movie Actor: Drama<br />
| ''[[Blackhat (film)|Blackhat]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=7|2016<br />
| [[42nd People's Choice Awards|People's Choice Awards]]<br />
| Favorite Action Movie Actor<br />
| ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' & ''[[In the Heart of the Sea (film)|In the Heart of the Sea]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]<br />
| Favorite Movie Actor<br />
| ''Avengers: Age of Ultron''<br />
|rowspan=7 {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]]<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss|Best Kiss]] <small>(shared with [[Leslie Mann]])</small><br />
| ''[[Vacation (2015 film)|Vacation]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|[[2016 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| Choice Movie Actor: Action<br />
| ''In the Heart of the Sea''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – Sci-Fi/Fantasy|Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy]]<br />
| rowspan=2|''[[The Huntsman: Winter's War]]''<br />
|-<br />
| Choice Movie: Liplock <small>(shared with [[Jessica Chastain]])</small><br />
|-<br />
| Choice Summer Movie Star: Male<br />
| rowspan=3|''[[Ghostbusters (2016 film)|Ghostbusters]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2017<br />
| [[People's Choice Awards]]<br />
| Favorite Comedic Movie Actor<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|[[Kids' Choice Awards]]<br />
| Favorite Movie Actor<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Favorite Butt-Kicker<br />
| ''The Huntsman: Winter's War''<br />
|rowspan=6 {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=5|2018<br />
|[[Critics' Choice Awards]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.criticschoice.com/critics-choice-awards/|title=Critics' Choice Awards – Critics' Choice Awards|work=Critics' Choice Awards|access-date=8 December 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180112120155/http://www.criticschoice.com/critics-choice-awards/|archive-date=12 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|Best Actor in a Comedy<br />
| rowspan=2|''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 MTV Movie & TV Awards|MTV Movie Awards]]<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Fight|Best Fight]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|[[44th People's Choice Awards|People's Choice Awards]]<br />
| The Action Movie Star of 2018<br />
| rowspan=2|''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]''<br />
|-<br />
| The Male Movie Star of 2018<br />
|-<br />
| The Drama Movie Star of 2018<br />
| ''[[12 Strong]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2020<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[46th People's Choice Awards|People's Choice Awards]]<br />
| The Action Movie Star 2020<br />
| rowspan="3"|''[[Extraction (2020 film)|Extraction]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| The Male Movie Star of 2020<br />
|rowspan=2 {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| [[1st Critics' Choice Super Awards|Critics' Choice Super Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Pete |title='Palm Springs', 'Lovecraft Country' Top Movie And Series Nominations For Inaugural Critics Choice Super Awards; Netflix Lands 35 Nods |url=https://deadline.com/2020/11/palm-springs-lovecraft-country-lead-critcs-choice-super-awards-nominations-1234618498/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=December 12, 2020 |date=November 19, 2020}}</ref><br />
| Best Actor in an Action Movie<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|1165110}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name}}<br />
* {{AllRovi person|547090}}<br />
<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Fight}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hemsworth, Chris}}<br />
[[Category:1983 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Order of Australia]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Australian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Australian expatriate male actors in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Australian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Australian male soap opera actors]]<br />
[[Category:Australian male video game actors]]<br />
[[Category:Australian male voice actors]]<br />
[[Category:Australian people of Dutch descent]]<br />
[[Category:Australian people of English descent]]<br />
[[Category:Australian people of German descent]]<br />
[[Category:Australian people of Irish descent]]<br />
[[Category:Australian people of Scottish descent]]<br />
[[Category:Hemsworth family|Chris]]<br />
[[Category:Logie Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Melbourne]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chadwick_Boseman&diff=138636Chadwick Boseman2021-08-20T16:53:35Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|American actor and playwright}} {{Good article}} {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=January 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}} {{..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American actor and playwright}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Chadwick Boseman<br />
| image = Chadwick Boseman by Gage Skidmore July 2017 (cropped).jpg<!--Do not change infobox image without discussion--><br />
| caption = Boseman at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]<br />
| birth_name = Chadwick Aaron Boseman<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1976|11|29}}{{efn|name=birthdate|Sources conflict on whether Boseman was born in 1976 or 1977. Obituaries list his age at death as 43, making his birth year 1976.<ref name="berry">{{Cite book |last=Berry |first=S. Torriano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8NJbCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 |title=Historical Dictionary of African American Cinema |last2=Berry |first2=Venise T. |year=2015 |isbn=9781442247024 |quote=Boseman, Chadwick (1976– ) ... He was born in Anderson, South Carolina, and is a graduate of T.L. Hannah High School and Howard University. |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930065341/https://books.google.com/books?id=8NJbCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Tammy |date=October 29, 2014 |title=Chadwick Boseman Signed To Five Marvel Studio Movies As The Black Panther |url=https://www.inquisitr.com/1570632/chadwick-boseman-signed-to-five-marvel-studio-movies-as-the-black-panther/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727193830/https://www.inquisitr.com/1570632/chadwick-boseman-signed-to-five-marvel-studio-movies-as-the-black-panther/ |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |access-date=June 14, 2020 |publisher=[[Inquisitr]] |quote=Chadwick Boseman was born on November 29, 1976.}}</ref><ref name="upi">{{Cite news |date=November 29, 2017 |title=UPI Almanac for Wednesday, Nov. 29, 2017 |work=[[United Press International]] |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2017/11/29/UPI-Almanac-for-Wednesday-Nov-29-2017/2241511750535/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702220347/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2017/11/29/UPI-Almanac-for-Wednesday-Nov-29-2017/2241511750535/ |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |quote=Chadwick Boseman in 1976 (age 41)}}</ref>}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Anderson, South Carolina]], U.S.<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|8|28|1976|11|29}}<br />
| death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.<br />
| death_cause = [[Colorectal cancer|Colon cancer]]<!--Included per RFC closed on September 17, 2020. Open a new RFC, after reading the last one, if you believe there is reason to remove--><br />
| education = [[Howard University]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]])<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|playwright}}<br />
| years_active = 1993–2020<ref name="eells2020">{{Cite web |last=Eells |first=Josh |date=February 18, 2018 |title=The 'Black Panther' Revolution |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-features/the-black-panther-revolution-199536/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923085757/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-features/the-black-panther-revolution-199536/amp/ |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |access-date=September 23, 2020 |website=Rolling Stone}}</ref><br />
| spouse = Taylor Simone Ledward<!-- Do not add a year of marriage without a source! --><br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Chadwick Boseman|Full list]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chadwick Aaron Boseman''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|oʊ|z|m|ə|n}};<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2018 |title=Black Panther Cast Answer the Web's Most Searched Questions |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDPr8Na24QU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207070957/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDPr8Na24QU |archive-date=February 7, 2021 |access-date=March 1, 2021 |publisher=Wired |via=YouTube}}</ref> November 29, 1976{{efn|name=birthdate}}{{spnd}}August 28, 2020) was an American actor and playwright. After studying directing at [[Howard University]], he began working consistently as a writer, director, and actor for [[Theatre|the stage]], winning a [[The Drama League#Directors' Project|Drama League Directing Fellowship]] and an acting [[AUDELCO]], and being nominated for a [[Jeff Award]] as a playwright for ''[[Deep Azure]]''. Transitioning to the screen, he landed his first major role as a series regular on ''[[Persons Unknown (TV series)|Persons Unknown]]'' in 2010, and his breakthrough performance came in 2013 as baseball player [[Jackie Robinson]] in the biographical film ''[[42 (film)|42]]''. He continued to portray historical figures, starring as singer [[James Brown]] in ''[[Get on Up (film)|Get on Up]]'' (2014), and as lawyer and future [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] Justice [[Thurgood Marshall]] in ''[[Marshall (film)|Marshall]]'' (2017).<br />
<br />
Boseman achieved international fame for playing superhero [[T'Challa (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Black Panther]] in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) from 2016 to 2019. He appeared in four MCU films, including an [[Black Panther (film)|eponymous 2018 film]] that earned him an [[NAACP Image Awards|NAACP Image Award]] for [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture]] and a [[Screen Actors Guild Awards|Screen Actors Guild Award]] for [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]]. As the first [[black people|black]] actor to headline an MCU film, he was also named in the 2018 [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]].<br />
<br />
In 2016, Boseman was diagnosed with [[Colorectal cancer|colon cancer]]. He kept his condition private, continuing to act while also extensively supporting cancer charities until his death in 2020 from the illness. His final film, ''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', was released posthumously the same year to critical acclaim, earning him an [[Academy Award]] nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama]]. Boseman also received four nominations at the [[27th Screen Actors Guild Awards]] for his work in ''[[Da 5 Bloods]]'' and ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'', the most for a performer at a single ceremony,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=February 8, 2021 |title='Mank', 'Minari' Lead Critics Choice Awards Film Nominations; Netflix Tops Studios; Chadwick Boseman Receives 4 |url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/mank-minari-lead-critics-choice-awards-film-nominations-chadwick-boseman-1234689332/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208170055/https://deadline.com/2021/02/mank-minari-lead-critics-choice-awards-film-nominations-chadwick-boseman-1234689332/ |archive-date=February 8, 2021 |access-date=February 8, 2021 |website=Deadline}}</ref> winning [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role|Male Actor in a Leading Role]] for ''Ma Rainey''.<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Chadwick Aaron Boseman<ref name="MichiganChronicleAug2014" /><ref name="nyt obit" /> was born and raised in [[Anderson, South Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 13, 2013 |title=SC natives star in Jackie Robinson biopic "42 |publisher=[[WMBF-TV]] |location=Myrtle Beach, South Carolina |url=https://www.wmbfnews.com/story/21970857/sc-natives-star-in-jackie-robinson-biopic-42/ |url-status=live |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221422/https://www.wmbfnews.com/story/21970857/sc-natives-star-in-jackie-robinson-biopic-42/ |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |quote=Boseman was born and raised in Anderson, where he attended T.L Hanna High School.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 20, 2018 |title='Black Panther' star buys hundreds of movie tickets for underprivileged children |publisher=[[WTIC-TV]] |url=https://www.fox61.com/article/entertainment/arts/cas-artist/black-panther-star-buys-hundreds-of-movie-tickets-for-underprivileged-children/520-07bc2fb7-931d-4c26-8d6d-6dbbc406dd1b |url-status=live |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221426/https://www.fox61.com/article/entertainment/arts/cas-artist/black-panther-star-buys-hundreds-of-movie-tickets-for-underprivileged-children/520-07bc2fb7-931d-4c26-8d6d-6dbbc406dd1b |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |quote=Boseman was born and raised in Anderson...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Field |first=Carla |date=March 7, 2018 |title='Black Panther' star talks about racism he experienced growing up in Anderson |publisher=[[WYFF]] |location=Greenville, South Carolina |url=https://www.wyff4.com/article/black-panther-star-talks-about-racism-he-experienced-growing-up-in-upstate/19056299 |url-status=live |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615024051/https://www.wyff4.com/article/black-panther-star-talks-about-racism-he-experienced-growing-up-in-upstate/19056299 |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |quote=He was born and raised in Anderson, where he attended T.L Hanna High School.}}</ref> the son of Carolyn (Mattress)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alexander |first=Bryan |date=January 31, 2018 |title=The best things you missed at the 'Black Panther' party (Usher dancing on the tables!) |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2018/01/31/best-things-you-missed-black-panther-party-usher-dancing-tables/1084379001/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180306234846/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2018/01/31/best-things-you-missed-black-panther-party-usher-dancing-tables/1084379001/ |archive-date=March 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Chadwick Boseman obituary |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chadwick-boseman-obituary-2ffznl3l3 |url-status=live |url-access=limited |date= August 31, 2020|access-date=March 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215234352/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chadwick-boseman-obituary-2ffznl3l3 |archive-date=February 15, 2021 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> and Leroy Boseman, both African-American.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrow |first=Jerry L. |date=February 2018 |title=Father Stretch My Hands: 'Black Panther' & Raising Our Sons To Shine |url=https://www.bet.com/celebrities/movies/black-panther/black-panther-fatherhood.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215080423/https://www.bet.com/celebrities/movies/black-panther/black-panther-fatherhood.html |archive-date=February 15, 2018 |access-date=March 6, 2018 |publisher=[[Black Entertainment Television|BET]]}}</ref> His mother was a nurse, and his father worked at a textile factory and managed an [[upholstery]] business.<ref name="rollstone">{{Cite web |last=Eells |first=Josh |date=February 18, 2018 |title=The 'Black Panther' Revolution |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/black-panther-chadwick-boseman-ryan-coogler-cover-story-w516853 |url-access=limited |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225052231/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/black-panther-chadwick-boseman-ryan-coogler-cover-story-w516853 |archive-date=February 25, 2018 |access-date=February 21, 2018 |website=[[Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> In his youth, Boseman practiced [[martial arts]],<ref name="theatreGuardian">{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2020 |title='You are all the Black Panther': the electric theatre of Chadwick Boseman |first=Chris|last=Wiegand|url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/sep/02/chadwick-boseman-theatre-black-panther |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032913/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/sep/02/chadwick-boseman-theatre-black-panther |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> and continued this training as an adult.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Ruth E. |date=December 12, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman remembered by Ruth E Carter |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/dec/12/chadwick-boseman-remembered-by-ruth-e-carter-black-panther-obituaries-of-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230115513/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/dec/12/chadwick-boseman-remembered-by-ruth-e-carter-black-panther-obituaries-of-2020 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> As a child, he wanted to become an architect.<ref name=bbclegacy/> According to Boseman, DNA testing indicated that some of his ancestors were [[Krio people]] from [[Sierra Leone]], [[Limba people (Sierra Leone)|Limba people]] from Sierra Leone, and [[Yoruba people]] from [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite interview |last=Colbert |first=Stephen |title=Chadwick Boseman On Bringing Humanity To 'Black Panther' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCf_dMfAeuE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523103208/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCf_dMfAeuE |archive-date=May 23, 2018 |url-status=live |work=The Late Show with Stephen Colbert |place=New York City |date=May 17, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Boseman graduated from [[T. L. Hanna High School]] in 1995 where he played on the basketball team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman: Remember when the 'Black Panther' superhero actor was just 'Chad' |url=https://www.amp.independentmail.com/amp/970875001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705191642/https://amp.independentmail.com/amp/970875001 |archive-date=July 5, 2018 |access-date=September 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 11, 2013 |title=Hanna Grad Chad Boseman Plays Jackie Robinson in '42' |work=Parent Newsletter |publisher=[[T. L. Hanna High School]] |issue=47 |url=http://www.anderson5.net/cms/lib02/SC01001931/Centricity/Domain/2867/Parent%20Newsletter%20April%2011%202013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071919/http://www.anderson5.net/cms/lib02/SC01001931/Centricity/Domain/2867/Parent%20Newsletter%20April%2011%202013.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> In his junior year, he wrote his first play, ''Crossroads'', and staged it at the school after a classmate was shot and killed.<ref name="rollstone" /> He competed in Speech and Debate in the [[National Speech and Debate Association]] at T. L. Hanna. He placed eighth in [[Original Oratory]] at the 1995 National Tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni – Speech and Debate |url=https://www.speechanddebate.org/alumni/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120014519/https://www.speechanddebate.org/alumni/ |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref> He was recruited to play basketball at college but chose the arts instead,<ref name="theatermania">{{Cite web |title=Remembering the Theatrical Career of Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/news/remembering-the-theatrical-career-chadwick-boseman_91364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120135/https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/news/remembering-the-theatrical-career-chadwick-boseman_91364.html |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=TheaterMania}}</ref> attending college at [[Howard University]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] and graduating in 2000 with a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] in [[Film director|directing]].<ref name="WashingtonPostApril2013" /> While at college he worked in a black bookstore near the university, which friend [[Vanessa German]] said was important and inspirational to him;<ref name=theatreGuardian/> he drew on his experience there for his play ''Hieroglyphic Graffiti''.<ref name="postgazette">{{Cite web |title=When 'Black Panther's' Chadwick Boseman came to Pittsburgh to direct a play |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/theater-dance/2018/04/26/Chadwick-Boseman-Pittsburgh-play-Hieroglyphic-Graffiti-Black-Panther/stories/201804260066 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033002/https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/theater-dance/2018/04/26/Chadwick-Boseman-Pittsburgh-play-Hieroglyphic-Graffiti-Black-Panther/stories/201804260066 |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref><br />
<br />
His teachers at Howard included [[Al Freeman Jr.]] and [[Phylicia Rashad]], who became a mentor.<ref name=postgazette/><ref name="rollstone" /> Rashad helped raise funds, notably from her friend and prominent actor [[Denzel Washington]],<ref name="nyt obit" /> so that Boseman and other classmates could attend the Oxford Summer Program of the [[British American Drama Academy]] at [[Balliol College, Oxford]], in England to which they had been accepted.<ref name="rollstone" /><ref name="GuardianNov2014" /> Boseman wanted to write and direct, and initially began studying acting to learn how to relate to actors.<ref name="WashingtonPostOct2014" /> He attended the program in 1998, and developed an appreciation for the playwriting of [[William Shakespeare]],<ref name=theatreGuardian/> studying the works of various [[dramatists]] including [[Samuel Beckett]] and [[Harold Pinter]].<ref name=postgazette/> He also traveled to Africa for the first time while at college, working in [[Ghana]] with his professor Mike Malone "to preserve and celebrate rituals with performances on a [[proscenium]] stage"; he said it was "one of the most significant learning experiences of [his] life".<ref name="APsyracuse">{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman, who played Syracuse football's Floyd Little in 'The Express,' embodied Black icons |url=https://www.syracuse.com/celebrity-news/2020/08/chadwick-boseman-who-played-syracuse-footballs-floyd-little-in-the-express-embodied-black-icons.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120157/https://www.syracuse.com/celebrity-news/2020/08/chadwick-boseman-who-played-syracuse-footballs-floyd-little-in-the-express-embodied-black-icons.html |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[The Post-Standard]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> After he returned to the U.S., he took additional course work in film studies, graduating from New York City's [[Digital Film Academy]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Behind The Black Panther: Film School Founder Recalls Early Days Of Chadwick Boseman |first=Travis|last= Bean|work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbean/2019/07/12/behind-the-black-panther-film-school-founder-recalls-early-days-of-chadwick-boseman/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited |date=July 12, 2019|access-date=November 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713142156/https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbean/2019/07/12/behind-the-black-panther-film-school-founder-recalls-early-days-of-chadwick-boseman/#592fb7dc1f1e |archive-date=July 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Sara McDermott |date=March 18, 2014 |title=DFA Grad Chadwick Boseman to Play James Brown in Biopic |url=https://www.digitalfilmacademy.edu/dfa-grad-chadwick-boseman-to-play-james-brown-in-biopic/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222171834/https://www.digitalfilmacademy.edu/dfa-grad-chadwick-boseman-to-play-james-brown-in-biopic/ |archive-date=December 22, 2017 |access-date=December 22, 2017 |publisher=Digital Film Academy}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===2000–2007: Theater, ''Deep Azure'', and early television===<br />
Boseman lived in [[Brooklyn]], New York City, at the start of his career.<ref name="rollstone" /> In 2000, he was named a [[The Drama League#Directors' Project|Drama League Directing Fellow]]. He directed productions including [[George C. Wolfe]]'s ''[[The Colored Museum]]''<ref name=theatermania/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Drama League Directors Project Fellows |url=http://dramaleague.org/about/whoweare/alumni#Directors%2520Project%2520Fellows |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120136/http://dramaleague.org/about/whoweare/alumni#Directors%2520Project%2520Fellows |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[The Drama League]]}}</ref> (Wolfe would later direct Boseman in his final role)<ref name="WolfeGQ">{{Cite web |last=Phipps |first=Keith |title=George C. Wolfe on Directing 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom' and Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.gq.com/story/george-c-wolfe-ma-raineys-black-bottom-chadwick-boseman-viola-davis-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120136/https://www.gq.com/story/george-c-wolfe-ma-raineys-black-bottom-chadwick-boseman-viola-davis-interview |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=GQ}}</ref> and a staging of [[Amiri Baraka]]'s ''[[Dutchman (play)|Dutchman]]''.<ref name=theatermania/> He worked as the drama instructor in the Schomburg Junior Scholars Program, housed at the [[Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture]] in [[Harlem]] between 2002 and 2009.<ref name="MichiganChronicleAug2014" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schomburg Center and NYPL Honor the Life of Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2020/08/29/chadwick-boseman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120136/https://www.nypl.org/blog/2020/08/29/chadwick-boseman |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=The New York Public Library}}</ref> He rose to prominence as a playwright and stage actor in 2002, performing in multiple productions and winning an [[AUDELCO]] award in 2002 for his part in [[Ron Milner]]'s ''Urban Transitions''.<ref name=theatermania/> As a member of the National Shakespeare Company of New York, he played [[Romeo (character)|Romeo]] in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' and [[Malcolm (Macbeth)|Malcolm]] in ''[[Macbeth]]''.<ref name=2002pittnews/> He directed and wrote plays<ref name="KWilliams">{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Kam |date=April 8, 2013 |title=A chat with Chad -'42' star Chadwick Boseman |language=en-US |work=Philadelphia Sun |url=https://www.philasun.com/entertainment/a-chat-with-chad-42-star-chadwick-boseman/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910025543/http://www.philasun.com/entertainment/a-chat-with-chad-42-star-chadwick-boseman/ |archive-date=September 10, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.biography.com/actor/chadwick-boseman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831231934/https://www.biography.com/actor/chadwick-boseman |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=September 6, 2020 |website=Biography |language=en-us}}</ref> as part of the [[Hip-hop theater]] movement; his works included ''Rhyme Deferred'' (co-written with Howard classmate [[Kamilah Forbes]]), in which he also performed, and ''Hieroglyphic Graffiti''.<ref name=theatermania/><ref name="Michigan">{{Cite web |title=Deep Azure |url=https://www.press.umich.edu/special/hiphop/deep_azure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902094708/https://www.press.umich.edu/special/hiphop/deep_azure |archive-date=September 2, 2020 |access-date=September 2, 2020 |website=University of Michigan Press |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Coyle/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wiegand |first=Chris |date=September 2, 2020 |title='You are all the Black Panther': the electric theatre of Chadwick Boseman |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/sep/02/chadwick-boseman-theatre-black-panther |url-status=live |access-date=September 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902235353/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/sep/02/chadwick-boseman-theatre-black-panther |archive-date=September 2, 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ''Rhyme Deferred'' was commissioned for a national tour, as well as featuring in ''The Fire This Time'' anthology of works, while ''Hieroglyphic Graffiti'' was produced at a variety of locations, including the [[National Black Theatre Festival]] in 2001.<ref name=theatermania/> Combining modern African-American culture and Egyptian deities, it is set in Washington, D.C. and was picked up by the New York Hip-Hop Theatre Festival and [[Tennessee State University]]'s [[summer stock theatre]] program in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mythic Proportions |url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/arts-culture/article/13007481/mythic-proportions |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Nashville Scene}}</ref> It was also the [[Kuntu Repertory Theatre]]'s 2002–03 season launch production. At the 2002 Hip-Hop Theatre Festival, Boseman also gave a one-man show called "Red Clay and Carved Concrete".<ref name="2002pittnews">{{Cite web |title=Kuntu Repertory Theatre Launches 2002–2003 Season With "Hieroglyphic Graffiti" |url=http://www.news.pitt.edu/news/kuntu-repertory-theatre-launches-2002-2003-season-hieroglyphic-graffiti |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109195720/http://www.news.pitt.edu/news/kuntu-repertory-theatre-launches-2002-2003-season-hieroglyphic-graffiti |archive-date=January 9, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=University of Pittsburgh News}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2003, Boseman was cast in his first television role, an episode of ''[[Third Watch]]'',<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{Cite news |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Black Panther actor Chadwick Boseman dies of colon cancer at 43 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |publisher=[[HT Media Ltd]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/entertainment/black-panther-actor-chadwick-boseman-dies-of-colon-cancer-at-43video/video-1bqOhvCm504CfyEaORG4EO.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829212708/https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/entertainment/black-panther-actor-chadwick-boseman-dies-of-colon-cancer-at-43video/video-1bqOhvCm504CfyEaORG4EO.html |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> and began playing [[List of All My Children characters#Reggie Montgomery|Reggie Montgomery]] in the daytime soap opera ''[[All My Children]]''.<ref name="Mason">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Charlie |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Beloved Soap Actor-Turned-Movie Star Dead at 43 After Years-Long Cancer Battle |url=https://soaps.sheknows.com/soaps/news/576619/chadwick-boseman-dead-all-my-children-reggie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831012120/https://soaps.sheknows.com/soaps/news/576619/chadwick-boseman-dead-all-my-children-reggie/ |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=August 30, 2020 |website=[[Soaps.com]] |publisher=[[SheKnows Media]] |location=United States}}</ref> He was fired from ''All My Children'' after voicing concerns to producers about racist stereotypes in the script; the role was subsequently re-cast, with Boseman's future ''[[Black Panther (film)|Black Panther]]'' co-star [[Michael B. Jordan]] taking the part.<ref name="TheWrap" /><ref name=THRGreene/> Boseman had wanted to work around the stereotypes of the character, feeling that being in a soap opera would give him more room for improvisation as the writers often do not initially plan a full story;<ref name="EWAllMyChildren">{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman and Michael B. Jordan discuss playing the same role on 'All My Children' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2019/01/04/all-my-children-chadwick-boseman-michael-b-jordan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120152/https://ew.com/tv/2019/01/04/all-my-children-chadwick-boseman-michael-b-jordan/ |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> his (then-future) agent said that when Boseman was given the second script and learned that his character's parents were a drug addict and an absent father, Boseman confronted the creators.<ref name=THRGreene/> He reflected on the experience in his 2018 commencement address to Howard University, saying that it "seemed to be wrapped up in assumptions about us as black folks [and he] would have to make something out of nothing."<ref name=EWAllMyChildren/> His other early television work included episodes of the series ''[[Law & Order]]'', ''[[Cold Case]]'', ''[[CSI: NY]]'', and ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''.<ref name="MichiganChronicleAug2014" /><br />
<br />
His best-known play, ''[[Deep Azure]]'', was commissioned in 2004 by the Congo Square Theatre Company in [[Chicago]]. It was nominated for a 2006 [[Jeff Award]] for Best New Work.<ref name=Michigan/><ref name=theatermania/> Boseman said at the time that ''Deep Azure'' was "a fusion and progression of [his] previous plays", which he did not feel fit wholly in the Hip Hop theater genre.<ref name=theatermania/> The play – about [[Police brutality in the United States|police brutality]], a daring subject in 2004, and largely delivered in rhyme – was workshopped at the [[Apollo Theater]] in New York.<ref name=jones2/><ref name="jones1">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Chris |title=Chadwick Boseman's play was on Chicago's Congo Square Theatre years ago |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/chris-jones/ct-ent-chadwick-boseman-chicago-plays-jones-0904-20200901-huqwvhc3andvfnsopln2bvohre-story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120204/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/chris-jones/ct-ent-chadwick-boseman-chicago-plays-jones-0904-20200901-huqwvhc3andvfnsopln2bvohre-story.html |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> Drama critic [[Chris Jones (drama critic)|Chris Jones]] in the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' highly praised the work.<ref name="jones2">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Chris |date=September 22, 2005 |title=Fascinating 'Deep Azure' is verbal feast |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-09-22-0509220274-story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120204/https://www.chicagotribune.com/ |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> In 2008, Boseman turned ''Deep Azure'' into a screenplay. Michael Greene, who would become his agent, picked it up and contacted Boseman when [[Tessa Thompson]] and [[Omari Hardwick]] expressed an interest in playing the lead roles, prompting Boseman's move to [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="THRGreene">{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman's Agent: He Chose Roles "Always Bringing About Light" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/chadwick-bosemans-agent-he-chose-roles-always-bringing-about-light |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120203/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/chadwick-bosemans-agent-he-chose-roles-always-bringing-about-light |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> He also directed, wrote, and produced the short film ''Blood Over a Broken Pawn'' in 2007, which was honored at the 2008 [[Hollywood Black Film Festival]].<ref name=Michigan/><ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Blood Over A Broken Pawn |url=http://hollywoodblackff.festivalgenius.com/2008/films/bloodoverabrokenpawn_hollywoodblackff2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025142008/http://hollywoodblackff.festivalgenius.com/2008/films/bloodoverabrokenpawn_hollywoodblackff2008 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |access-date=September 15, 2020 |website=Hollywood Black Film Festival}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2008–2015: Breakthrough with ''42'' and ''Get on Up''===<br />
In 2008, Boseman moved to Los Angeles to pursue his film and acting career.<ref name="GuardianNov2014" /> He was cast in a recurring role on the television series ''[[Lincoln Heights (TV series)|Lincoln Heights]]'' as Nathaniel Ray Taylor, an army veteran with PTSD who was later revealed to be the son of the main character before re-enlisting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2018 |title=Pre Black Panther, Chadwick Boseman Was Nate On Lincoln Heights |url=https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/chadwick-boseman-lincoln-heights-153754/ |first=Jennifer|last= Maldonado|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625023825/https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/chadwick-boseman-lincoln-heights-153754 |archive-date=June 25, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Life & Style}}</ref> He also appeared in his first feature film in 2008, ''[[The Express: The Ernie Davis Story]]'', as [[running back]] [[Floyd Little]].<ref name="TimeFeb2013" /> He landed his first regular role in the 2010 television series ''[[Persons Unknown (TV series)|Persons Unknown]]'' as the [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]] Graham McNair.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Persons Unknown: "Pilot" Review |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/06/08/persons-unknown-pilot-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120205/https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/06/08/persons-unknown-pilot-review |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=IGN}}</ref> The show received mediocre reviews that felt the characters were all archetypes with little development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Persons Unknown: Season 1 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/persons_unknown/s01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120205/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/persons_unknown/s01 |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Persons Unknown – "Pilot" |url=https://tv.avclub.com/persons-unknown-pilot-1798165168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120221/https://tv.avclub.com/persons-unknown-pilot-1798165168 |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> In July 2013, Boseman's second short film as director, ''Heaven'', premiered at the [[HollyShorts Film Festival]].<ref name="heaven">{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: World Premiere of Chadwick Boseman's 'Heaven' Will Open HollyShorts Film Festival |url=https://shadowandact.com/exclusive-world-premiere-of-chadwick-bosemans-heaven-will-open-hollyshorts-film-festival |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120215/https://shadowandact.com/exclusive-world-premiere-of-chadwick-bosemans-heaven-will-open-hollyshorts-film-festival |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Shadow and Act}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:First Lady Michelle Obama delivers remarks during the "42" film workshop in the State Dining Room of the White House, April 2, 2013.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Five people seated on a stage under a large portrait of Lincoln while Michelle Obama stands on the stage speaking.|Boseman (second left) at the ''42'' film workshop in the [[State Dining Room of the White House]] in April 2013; [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Michelle Obama]] is delivering remarks.]]<br />
Boseman's breakthrough role came in 2013 with the film ''[[42 (film)|42]]'', in which he portrayed the lead role of baseball legend [[Jackie Robinson]].<ref name="TimeFeb2013" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Borrelli |first=Christopher |date=April 11, 2013 |title=Robinson actor swings for the fences |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-xpm-2013-04-11-sc-mov-0409-chadwick-boseman-42-20130411-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831012117/https://www.chicagotribune.com/ |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> Boseman had been directing an [[off-Broadway]] play in the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]] when he auditioned for the role,<ref name="VanityFairApril2013" /> and was considering giving up acting to pursue directing full-time.<ref name="GQSep2014" /> About twenty-five other actors had been seriously considered for the role, but director [[Brian Helgeland]] liked Boseman's bravery in choosing to read the most difficult scene, in which Robinson goes down a stadium tunnel and breaks a bat in anger, and cast him after he had auditioned twice.<ref name="FlauntApril2013" /><ref name="WashingtonPostApril2013" /><ref name="alent">{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2013 |title=Chadwick Boseman says playing Jackie Robinson in '42' had him 'vibrating with excitement' every day |url=https://www.al.com/entertainment/2013/04/chadwick_boseman_says_playing.html |first= Bob|last= Carlton|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120207/https://www.al.com/entertainment/2013/04/chadwick_boseman_says_playing.html |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[The Huntsville Times]]}}</ref> Part of the audition process involved playing baseball; Boseman had been involved with [[Little League Baseball|Little League]] as a child but was primarily a basketball player growing up, saying that in this part the casting directors likely noticed his athleticism rather than specifically baseball skills.<ref name="VanityFairApril2013" /> Robinson's widow, [[Rachel Robinson]], commented that Boseman's performance was like seeing her husband again.<ref name="Coyle">{{Cite news |last=Coyle |first=Jack |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman didn't just play icons. He was one. |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/65222b7aea6069506d718a7429526d91 |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829200138/https://apnews.com/65222b7aea6069506d718a7429526d91 |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> To replicate Robinson's mannerisms, Boseman trained for five months with professional baseball coaches who "would tape [his] practices every few weeks, and they would basically split-screen [his technique] with [Robinson's]" to allow him to compare.<ref name="VanityFairApril2013" /> After having portrayed football player Little in ''The Express'', Boseman was encouraged by stunt coordinator [[Allan Graf]] to approach running bases in the same way, as Robinson had also been a college football player.<ref name=alent/><ref>{{Cite web |title=In '42,' A Young Star Suits Up For A Hero's Role |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/04/06/176357603/learning-how-to-steal-bases-like-jackie-robinsonay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120205/https://www.npr.org/2013/04/06/176357603/learning-how-to-steal-bases-like-jackie-robinsonay |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Upon taking the role, Boseman first spoke with Rachel Robinson, which he said was of great help in discovering the character.<ref name="VanityFairApril2013" /> The same year, Boseman also starred in the independent film ''[[The Kill Hole]]'', which was released in theaters a few weeks before ''42''.<ref name="DeadlineFeb2013" /><br />
<br />
Critics, even those who viewed the film negatively, felt that Boseman being a relatively unknown actor was a benefit when playing an icon and an athlete; [[Mick LaSalle]] of ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' wrote that "as [...] played by Chadwick Boseman, Robinson is a hero we can recognize",<ref>{{Cite web |last=LaSalle |first=Mick |date=April 11, 2013 |title='42' review: Big league entertainment |url=https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/42-review-Big-league-entertainment-4427464.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120206/https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/42-review-Big-league-entertainment-4427464.php |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> and Mary Pols for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' said that "Boseman is not a hugely close physical match to Robinson, except for perhaps in the power he conveys, but he's a great choice to play the ball player".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pols |first=Mary |date=April 12, 2013 |title=42: The Jackie Robinson Biopic Is a Solid Hit |language=en-US |work=Time |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/04/12/42-the-jackie-robinson-biopic-is-a-solid-hit/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |access-date=December 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120207/https://entertainment.time.com/2013/04/12/42-the-jackie-robinson-biopic-is-a-solid-hit/ |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]''{{'s}} Mike McCahill noted that "Boseman hits his key scenes out of the park", but felt the film would not interest people who are not baseball fans,<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2013 |first=Mike|last= McCahill|title=42 – review |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/sep/12/42-review |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> with [[Dana Stevens (critic)|Dana Stevens]] of ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' suggesting that the film made black history "squeaky-clean" and did both Robinson and Boseman's performance as him a disservice.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stevens |first=Dana |date=April 11, 2013 |title=42 |language=en-US |work=Slate |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2013/04/_42_the_jackie_robinson_movie_reviewed_topic_movies.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120207/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2013/04/_42_the_jackie_robinson_movie_reviewed_topic_movies.html |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |issn=1091-2339}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Get on Up (15285760432).jpg|thumb|alt=Four men on a red carpet.|Boseman (second right) and others involved in ''Get on Up'' at the [[2014 Deauville American Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2014, Boseman starred in another sporting film, ''[[Draft Day]]'', as fictional football player Vontae Mack.<ref name="MoviefoneApril2014" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Chris |title=Cleveland Browns honor Chadwick Boseman, who played team's top pick in movie 'Draft Day' |url=https://www.cleveland19.com/2020/08/31/cleveland-browns-honor-chadwick-boseman-who-played-teams-top-pick-movie-draft-day/ |date=August 31, 2020| url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120217/https://www.cleveland19.com/2020/08/31/cleveland-browns-honor-chadwick-boseman-who-played-teams-top-pick-movie-draft-day/ |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Cleveland 19}}</ref> He had workshopped the [[Tupac Shakur]] [[jukebox musical]] ''[[Holler If Ya Hear Me (musical)|Holler If Ya Hear Me]]'' in 2013, but did not continue to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] with it in order to take the role of [[James Brown]] in 2014's ''[[Get on Up (film)|Get on Up]]''.<ref name=theatermania/> As Brown, Boseman did some singing and all of his own dancing,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stern |first=Marlow |date=August 4, 2014 |title='Get on Up' Star Chadwick Boseman on Becoming James Brown—With A Little Help From Mick Jagger |work=The Daily Beast |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/04/get-on-up-star-chadwick-boseman-on-becoming-james-brown-with-a-little-help-from-mick-jagger.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616223322/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/04/get-on-up-star-chadwick-boseman-on-becoming-james-brown-with-a-little-help-from-mick-jagger.html |archive-date=June 16, 2016}}</ref> working with choreographer Aakomon Jones for five to eight hours a day over two months in preparation. Producer [[Mick Jagger]] also directed him on interacting with audiences when performing live music.<ref name=usatodayGetOnUp/> He had not wanted to take a role in another biopic so soon after playing an icon in Robinson, saying he "wasn't looking to do it again for another 15, 20 years",<ref name="usatodayGetOnUp">{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Dennis |title=Chadwick Boseman gets on up as James Brown in biopic |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2014/07/31/chadwick-boseman-get-on-up-movie/13376727/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120207/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2014/07/31/chadwick-boseman-get-on-up-movie/13376727/ |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> but was sought out as director [[Tate Taylor]]'s only choice.<ref name="GuardianNov2014" /> Co-star [[Dan Aykroyd]], who had known Brown, praised Boseman's performance, saying that it was neither replication nor impression and that he "did not have to squint sitting across from [Boseman] to imagine that [he] was talking to [Brown]".<ref name=usatodayGetOnUp/> Boseman also stayed in character between filming on set; Taylor said this was not a [[method acting]] approach, and more a necessity due to Boseman holding his vocal cords unnaturally to imitate Brown's [[Drawl#Southern drawl|southern drawl]].<ref name="GuardianNov2014" /><br />
<br />
His performance was praised as the highlight of an also good movie, with the [[Rotten Tomatoes]] critical consensus reading: "With an unforgettable Chadwick Boseman in the starring role, ''Get On Up'' offers the Godfather of Soul a fittingly dynamic homage."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Get On Up (2014) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/get_on_up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120210/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/get_on_up |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Among the critics was ''Time''{{'s}} [[Richard Corliss]] (hyperbolically)<ref name=vulture2014/> saying that Boseman "deserves a [[Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer]], a [[Nobel Prize|Nobel]] and instant election to the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]."<ref>{{Cite web |title=REVIEW: 'Get On Up' Is a Loud, Proud and Oscar-Worthy James Brown Biopic |first= Richard|last=Corliss|url=https://time.com/3057251/james-brown-get-on-up-biopic-review/ |date=July 30, 2014|access-date=December 23, 2020 |url-access=limited |website=Time}}</ref> Eulogizing Boseman, [[Donald Clarke (writer)|Donald Clarke]] of ''[[The Irish Times]]'' said that "''Get on Up'' tested every weapon in the actor's arsenal [and his] performance confirmed that, like a star from [[Golden Age of Hollywood|Hollywood's golden age]], Chadwick Boseman could do it all and do it all with style."<ref name="clarkeGetOnUp">{{Cite news |last=Clarke |first=Donald |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman, star of Black Panther, was so much more than just a gifted actor |work=[[The Irish Times]] |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/chadwick-boseman-star-of-black-panther-was-so-much-more-than-just-a-gifted-actor-1.4342057 |url-status=live |access-date=September 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025221450/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/chadwick-boseman-star-of-black-panther-was-so-much-more-than-just-a-gifted-actor-1.4342057 |archive-date=October 25, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Boseman had sold a [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] screenplay to [[Universal Pictures]] in 2014, which he continued to collaborate on with creative partner Logan Coles and planned to star in, and told ''The Guardian'' that he still wanted to be a director but would explore his acting career first, adding that "maybe it'll be easier if you're a successful actor".<ref name="GuardianNov2014" /><ref name="vulture2014">{{Cite web |title=Meet Chadwick Boseman, Your New (and Very Secretive) Black Panther |url=https://www.vulture.com/2014/10/chadwick-boseman-profile-interview-black-panther.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120213/https://www.vulture.com/2014/10/chadwick-boseman-profile-interview-black-panther.html |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Vulture}}</ref> In 2016, he starred as [[Thoth]], a deity from [[Egyptian mythology]], in ''[[Gods of Egypt (film)|Gods of Egypt]]''.<ref name="DeadlineJan2014" /> Boseman was one of the few actors of color featured in the film, which had drawn criticism for using a predominantly [[whitewashing in film|white cast to portray Egyptian characters]]. Agreeing with the criticism, Boseman said this had motivated him to accept the role, to ensure one of the film's African characters would be played by someone of African descent.<ref name="rollstone" /> Boseman's own casting was criticized for falling under the "[[Magical Negro]]" stereotype. ''[[The Independent]]'' reported that Boseman shook his head while telling ''[[GQ]]'' in an interview that "people don't make $140 million movies starring black and brown people".<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2015 |title=Chadwick Boseman believes his own film 'whitewashes' Egypt |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/gods-egypt-chadwick-boseman-agrees-people-who-think-his-film-whitewashes-egypt-a6766026.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120214/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/gods-egypt-chadwick-boseman-agrees-people-who-think-his-film-whitewashes-egypt-a6766026.html |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=The Independent}}</ref> It was his first largely [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] film, and he expressed that he preferred acting alongside people than with [[Chroma key|blue screens]] and prop stand-ins.<ref name=vulture2014/> The film was heavily criticized; [[Jordan Hoffman]] for ''The Guardian'' said that it lacks story or interesting characters, but "Boseman makes for nice comic relief as the witty Thoth",<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2016 |title=Gods of Egypt review – ridiculous, offensive and tremendously fun |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/feb/27/gods-of-egypt-review-ridiculous-offensive-and-tremendously-fun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120221/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/feb/27/gods-of-egypt-review-ridiculous-offensive-and-tremendously-fun |first=Jordan|last= Hoffman|archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> with [[Will Leitch]] of ''[[The New Republic]]'' saying that his then-upcoming [[Marvel Studios]] role may have to work "to make you forget he was ever in this movie".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leitch |first=Will |date=February 26, 2016 |title=Gods of Egypt: What Were They Thinking? |work=The New Republic |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/130592/gods-egypt-thinking |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=December 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120239/https://newrepublic.com/article/130592/gods-egypt-thinking |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |issn=0028-6583}}</ref> Perri Nemiroff for ''[[Collider (website)|Collider]]'' said that Boseman shines as "the only cast member who really seems to understand the movie he's in".<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 25, 2016 |title=Gods of Egypt Review: So Bad It's … Just Bad |url=https://collider.com/gods-of-egypt-review-gerard-butler/ |first=Perri|last=Nemiroff|access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Collider}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2016–2019: Marvel Cinematic Universe, ''Marshall'' and ''21 Bridges''===<br />
[[File:Chadwick Boseman & Lupita Nyong'o (35852213610).jpg|thumb|alt=A man and woman sitting behind a panel desk, the man is laughing and the woman smiling.|Boseman and ''Black Panther'' co-star [[Lupita Nyong'o]] at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
In 2016, Boseman began portraying the [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Black Panther (character)|T'Challa / Black Panther]] in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]. ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' was his first film in a five-picture deal with [[Marvel Entertainment]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strom |first=Marc |date=October 8, 2015 |title=Marvel Studios Phase 3 Update |url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/25244/marvel_studios_phase_3_update |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116070518/https://news.marvel.com/movies/25244/marvel_studios_phase_3_update/ |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |access-date=January 12, 2016 |publisher=[[Marvel Entertainment]]}}</ref><ref name="MarvelOct2014" /> He did not audition for the role, instead having a "discussion about what [Marvel] wanted to do and how [he] saw it and what [he] wanted to do."<ref name="BosemanEWNov2014">{{Cite web |last=Labrecque |first=Jeff |date=November 20, 2014 |title=Breaking Big: Welcome to The Show, Chadwick Boseman |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/11/20/chadwick-boseman-black-panther/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129034558/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/11/20/chadwick-boseman-black-panther/ |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=November 30, 2014 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> While working on ''Civil War'' Boseman learned some [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] from [[John Kani]], who played [[T'Chaka|his father]], and insisted on using the language for the character.<ref name=THRGreene/> Boseman also developed a [[Wakanda]]n accent himself, and used it during the entire production "whether he was on camera or not".<ref name="Empire12Secrets">{{Cite web |last=Nugent |first=John |date=May 9, 2016 |title=12 secrets from Captain America: Civil War |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/captain-america-civil-war-secrets/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510104913/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/captain-america-civil-war-secrets/ |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |access-date=May 15, 2016 |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]}}</ref> When asked by journalist Ryan Gilbey if he felt pressure not to "screw up" the beloved comics character, Boseman responded by saying: "It's more positive than that. It's more like: 'Seize it. Enjoy it.'"<ref name="GilbeyObit">{{Cite news |last=Gilbey |first=Ryan |date=August 29, 2020 |title='Seize it. Enjoy it': Chadwick Boseman embraced the joy and gravity of his films |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2020/aug/29/seize-it-enjoy-it-chadwick-boseman-embraced-his-films-joy-and-their-gravity |url-status=live |access-date=December 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120235/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2020/aug/29/seize-it-enjoy-it-chadwick-boseman-embraced-his-films-joy-and-their-gravity |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> He told the [[Associated Press]], though, that he more identified with the Black Panther's nemesis, [[Erik Killmonger|Killmonger]], knowing that his roots to his African past had been severed.<ref name=APsyracuse/> Producer [[Kevin Feige]] explained that the Black Panther was included in ''Civil War'' "because [they] needed a third party. [It] needed fresh eyes [of a character] who wasn't embedded with [[Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe#The Avengers|the Avengers]] and who has a very different point of view than either [[Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Tony]] or [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Steve]]."<ref name="FeigeBPJune2015">{{Cite web |last=Faraci |first=Devin |date=June 29, 2015 |title=Sokovia, Vibranium And 'Civil War': Kevin Feige Teases Black Panther! |url=http://birthmoviesdeath.com/2015/06/29/sokovia-vibranium-and-civil-war-kevin-feige-teases-black-panther |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702055716/http://birthmoviesdeath.com/2015/06/29/sokovia-vibranium-and-civil-war-kevin-feige-teases-black-panther |archive-date=July 2, 2015 |access-date=July 4, 2015 |website=BirthMoviesDeath.com}}</ref><ref name="EWBlackPantherDec2015pg2">{{Cite web |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |author-link=Anthony Breznican |date=December 2, 2015 |title=Black Panther: Meet Marvel's fearsome warrior from Captain America: Civil War |url=https://www.ew.com/article/2015/12/02/black-panther-captain-america-civil-war/2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204194925/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/12/02/black-panther-captain-america-civil-war/2 |archive-date=December 4, 2015 |access-date=December 2, 2015 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> Boseman's performance in ''Civil War'' was highly praised, though critics acknowledged the character's inclusion was largely to set up his upcoming headlining movie.<ref>Multiple sources:<br />
*{{Cite web |last=Abad-Santos |first=Alex |date=May 5, 2016 |title=Captain America: Civil War will make you remember why we love superheroes |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/5/5/11574504/captain-america-civil-war-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033000/https://www.vox.com/2016/5/5/11574504/captain-america-civil-war-movie-review |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 25, 2020 |website=Vox}}<br />
*{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2016 |title=Review: 'Captain America: Civil War' may split audience between true believers and puzzled newbies |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-0505-captain-america-civil-war-review-20160504-snap-story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6hHHC4lsH?url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-0505-captain-america-civil-war-review-20160504-snap-story.html |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |access-date=December 25, 2020 |website=Los Angeles Times}}<br />
*{{Cite news |title=Captain America: Civil War cements Marvel's victory over Hollywood |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/film-reviews/captain-america-civil-war-cements-marvels-victory-over-hollywood/article29859497/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314090153/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/film-reviews/captain-america-civil-war-cements-marvels-victory-over-hollywood/article29859497/ |archive-date=March 14, 2019}}<br />
*{{Cite web |last=Willmore |first=Alison |title=In "Civil War," A Superhero's Toughest Challenge Is Accountability |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/alisonwillmore/captain-america-civil-war-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033015/https://www.buzzfeed.com/alisonwillmore/captain-america-civil-war-review |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 25, 2020 |website=BuzzFeed News}}<br />
*{{Cite web |last=Travers |first=Peter |date=May 4, 2016 |title='Captain America: Civil War' Movie Review |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/captain-america-civil-war-121902/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033000/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/captain-america-civil-war-121902/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 25, 2020 |website=Rolling Stone}}<br />
*{{Cite web |title='Captain America: Civil War' review: 5 reasons it's better than 'Batman v Superman' |url=https://torontosun.com/2016/05/03/captain-america-civil-war-review-5-reasons-its-better-than-batman-v-superman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201091322/https://torontosun.com/2016/05/03/captain-america-civil-war-review-5-reasons-its-better-than-batman-v-superman |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |access-date=December 25, 2020 |website=[[Toronto Sun]]}}<br />
*{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Michael |title='Captain America: Civil War' review: Satisfying superheroism |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-captain-america-civil-war-movie-review-20160502-column.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032920/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-captain-america-civil-war-movie-review-20160502-column.html |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 25, 2020 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{quote box|We know what it's like to be told there isn't a screen for you to be featured on, a stage for you to be featured on. [...] We know what it's like to be beneath and not above. And that is what we went to work with every day. We knew that we could create a world that exemplified a world we wanted to see. We knew that we had something to give.|source=–Boseman accepting the [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]] in 2019.<ref name=APsyracuse/>|width=350px|align=left}}<br />
Boseman returned as the Black Panther in 2018, in the ''Black Panther'' movie,<ref name="MarvelFeb2015" /> which focused on the character and his home country of Wakanda in Africa. The film opened to great anticipation, becoming one of the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing films]]. The role earned Boseman a spot on the 2018 [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] as one of the world's most influential people, with [[Sean Combs]] writing his entry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217574/chadwick-boseman/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902025621/https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217574/chadwick-boseman/ |archive-date=September 2, 2020 |access-date=September 23, 2020 |website=Time}}</ref> It is seen as a landmark in being the first mega-budget movie to have a predominantly black cast and director, as well as the first [[superhero film]] to be nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Picture]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2020 |title='Our superhero': black British figures praise Chadwick Boseman |first=Molly|last=Blackall|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/aug/29/our-superhero-black-british-figures-praise-chadwick-boseman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120244/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/aug/29/our-superhero-black-british-figures-praise-chadwick-boseman |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> The film was also critically well-received and Boseman was praised; Matthew Norman for the ''[[Evening Standard]]'' said that he "brings a measure of sub-Shakespearean gravitas to T'Challa's struggle to bear the weight of his crown";<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norman |first=Matthew |date=February 9, 2018 |title=Black Panther is the film we've been waiting half a century to see |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/music/black-panther-review-all-hail-king-tchalla-a3762306.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210120930/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/music/black-panther-review-all-hail-king-tchalla-a3762306.html |archive-date=December 10, 2020 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> [[Richard Lawson (writer)|Richard Lawson]] and ''[[Sight & Sound]]''{{'s}} Kelli Weston also noted the strength of gravitas Boseman gave to the performance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawson |first=Richard |title=Black Panther Review: the Marvel Universe Finally Shows Us Something New |date=February 6, 2018|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/02/black-panther-review |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032916/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/02/black-panther-review |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=Vanity Fair}}</ref><ref name=WestonBPReview/> Weston added that he, "despite having the more thankless role [out of T'Challa and Killmonger], carries the film with a quiet dignity one might rightfully expect of a man raised to be king."<ref name="WestonBPReview">{{Cite web |title=Black Panther review: an electrifying, Afrofuturist superhero movie {{!}} Sight & Sound |first=Kelli|last= Weston|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/black-panther-electrifying-afrofuturist-superhero-movie |date=March 15, 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033031/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/black-panther-electrifying-afrofuturist-superhero-movie |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Todd McCarthy]] and ''[[The Village Voice]]''{{'s}} Kristen Yoonsoo Kim saw that while Boseman played his serious character well, the cast was full of charismatic scene stealers.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Black Panther': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/black-panther-review-1080811 |first=Todd|last= McCarthy| url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206214759/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/black-panther-review-1080811 |archive-date=February 6, 2018 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ryan Coogler's "Black Panther" Isn't Just Good — It Marks a New Reign |first=Kristen|last= Yoonsoo Kim|date=February 9, 2018|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2018/02/09/ryan-cooglers-black-panther-isnt-just-good-it-marks-a-new-reign/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033033/https://www.villagevoice.com/2018/02/09/ryan-cooglers-black-panther-isnt-just-good-it-marks-a-new-reign/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=The Village Voice}}</ref> [[Peter Travers]] gave much praise to Boseman as the lead, and said that he "digs so deep into T'Challa that you can feel his nerve endings";<ref>{{Cite web |last=Travers |first=Peter |date=February 6, 2018 |title='Black Panther': Marvel's History-Making Superhero Movie's a Masterpiece |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/black-panther-review-marvels-history-making-superhero-movies-a-masterpiece-198071/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6x3e14q06?url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/peter-travers-black-panther-is-a-marvel-movie-masterpiece-w516361 |archive-date=February 7, 2018 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=Rolling Stone}}</ref> LaSalle wrote that "Boseman commands every moment of this film, radiating probity and purpose, and it's only later on that you realize that, with another actor, this wouldn't have been a sure thing."<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2018 |title='Black Panther' is a grand-scale and serious action blockbuster|first=Mick|last=LaSalle |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/movies/article/Black-Panther-is-a-grand-scale-and-serious-12611850.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032939/https://www.sfchronicle.com/movies/article/Black-Panther-is-a-grand-scale-and-serious-12611850.php |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |website=SFChronicle}}</ref><br />
<br />
He reprised the role in both ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' and ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'', which were released in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Both films were the highest grossing of the year they were released, with ''Endgame'' going on to become the highest-grossing film of all time.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Marvel's 'Black Panther' Will Set Up 'Avengers: Infinity War,' Says Kevin Feige |work=The Hollywood Reporter |first=Graeme|last= McMillan|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/marvels-black-panther-will-set-up-avengers-infinity-war-says-kevin-feige-851523 |url-status=live |access-date=February 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6eC0uibfE?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/marvels-black-panther-will-set-851523 |archive-date=December 31, 2015}}</ref> ''Infinity War'' was filmed at the same time as ''Black Panther'', and Boseman and other actors playing Wakandan characters improvised chanting scenes in the former that originated in the latter.<ref name="BlackPantherWakandaChants">{{Cite web |last=Parker |first=Ryan |date=August 1, 2018 |title='Black Panther' Actors Surprised Russo Brothers With Unscripted Chants in 'Infinity War' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-panther-stars-added-unscripted-chants-avengers-infinity-war-1131376 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/72OQoSJMr?url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-panther-stars-added-unscripted-chants-avengers-infinity-war-1131376 |archive-date=September 13, 2018 |access-date=September 13, 2018 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Boseman's last physical appearance as Black Panther was in ''Endgame'', at Tony Stark's funeral,<ref name=APsyracuse/> but he will appear voicing an animated T'Challa (who becomes [[Star-Lord#In other media|Star-Lord]]) in multiple episodes of the 2021 [[Disney+]] series ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kevin Feige Confirms Chadwick Boseman Recorded "Numerous Episodes" Of Marvel Show "What If…?" |first=Rafael|last=Motamayor|date=December 20, 2020|url=https://theplaylist.net/chadwick-boseman-what-if-marvel-20201220/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033017/https://theplaylist.net/chadwick-boseman-what-if-marvel-20201220/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=theplaylist}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-29|title=Marvel's What If: Jeffrey Wright Talks Chadwick Boseman's Last MCU Outing|url=https://screenrant.com/marvel-what-if-show-chadwick-boseman-jeffrey-wright-response/|access-date=2021-07-29|website=ScreenRant|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
Boseman portrayed [[Thurgood Marshall]] in the biographical film ''[[Marshall (film)|Marshall]]'' in 2017. Set years before he became the first African American [[Supreme Court Justice]], the movie focuses on one of Marshall's early cases, the [[trial of Joseph Spell]]. It was premiered at Howard University, which both Boseman and Marshall had attended.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marshall |url=https://calendar.howard.edu/event/marshall-screening-and-discussion-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926235447/https://calendar.howard.edu/event/marshall-screening-and-discussion-law |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |website=[[Howard University]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Travers |first=Peter |date=October 13, 2017 |title=Chadwick Boseman Electrifies as Young Civil Rights Icon in 'Marshall' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/marshall-review-chadwick-boseman-electrifies-as-young-civil-rights-icon-202450/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820111418/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/marshall-review-chadwick-boseman-electrifies-as-young-civil-rights-icon-202450/ |archive-date=August 20, 2020 |access-date=September 14, 2020 |website=[[Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> Boseman was still worried about being put into a "biopic box", and felt that he didn't look enough like the real Marshall,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Jessica |date=October 27, 2017 |title=Chadwick Boseman Shares Why He Almost Passed on 'Marshall' |url=https://www.ebony.com/entertainment/chadwick-boseman-marshall/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032943/https://www.ebony.com/entertainment/chadwick-boseman-marshall/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]}}</ref> but took the role because he enjoyed the script "separate from the historical relevance";<ref name=vanityfairmarshall/> he had expected big courtroom speeches but found that in the case Marshall was silenced by the judge and had to mentor white co-counsel Sam Friedman ([[Josh Gad]]) to take on his first criminal case.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor Chadwick Boseman On His New Role As 'Marshall' |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/14/557832715/actor-chadwick-boseman-on-his-new-role-as-marshall |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032922/https://www.npr.org/2017/10/14/557832715/actor-chadwick-boseman-on-his-new-role-as-marshall |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref name=EWMarshall/> He told ''[[The New York Times]]'' that he liked this element of the story because "it doesn't allow you as an audience member, no matter what color you are, to hide from the issues".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=September 8, 2017 |title=It's Thurgood Marshall to the Rescue in a New Thriller (Published 2017) |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/08/movies/thurgood-marshall-movie-chadwick-boseman.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033034/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/08/movies/thurgood-marshall-movie-chadwick-boseman.html |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Boseman researched Marshall extensively before portraying him, as well as studying videos of him speaking and losing muscle to reflect the younger Marshall's wiry frame.<ref name="vanityfairmarshall">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Krista |title=Chadwick Boseman Takes on Another Real-Life Giant: Thurgood Marshall |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/10/chadwick-boseman-takes-on-real-life-giant-thurgood-marshall |date=October 9, 2017|url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033010/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/10/chadwick-boseman-takes-on-real-life-giant-thurgood-marshall |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Vanity Fair}}</ref> The film opened to an average critical reception, though Boseman's performance was praised.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Travers |first=Peter |date=October 13, 2017 |title=Chadwick Boseman Electrifies as Young Civil Rights Icon in 'Marshall' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/marshall-review-chadwick-boseman-electrifies-as-young-civil-rights-icon-202450/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820111418/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-reviews/marshall-review-chadwick-boseman-electrifies-as-young-civil-rights-icon-202450/ |archive-date=August 20, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Rolling Stone}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2017 |title=Marshall review – Chadwick Boseman holds court in powerful civil rights drama |first=Cath|last= Clarke|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/18/marshall-review-chadwick-boseman-thurgood-marshall-us-civil-rights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214015629/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/18/marshall-review-chadwick-boseman-thurgood-marshall-us-civil-rights |archive-date=December 14, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> However, ''[[New York (magazine)#Digital|Vulture]]'' criticized his casting, noting that, unlike Boseman, "the real-life Marshall was a light-skinned man, and his place on the color spectrum undoubtedly influenced how he became such a legend."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bastién |first=Angelica Jade |author-link=Angelica Jade Bastién |date=October 19, 2017 |title=How the Thurgood Marshall Film Misunderstands Colorism |url=https://www.vulture.com/2017/10/marshall-misunderstands-colorism.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033008/https://www.vulture.com/2017/10/marshall-misunderstands-colorism.html |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Vulture}}</ref> Boseman had been concerned about their differences before taking the role, but was convinced by the director and producer that as the film was telling an insular story it did not matter as much.<ref name="EWMarshall">{{Cite web |title=''Marshall'': Why Chadwick Boseman decided to play another historical figure |first=Chancellor|last=Agard|date=August 15, 2017|url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/08/15/marshall-chadwick-boseman-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033018/https://ew.com/movies/2017/08/15/marshall-chadwick-boseman-interview/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019, he starred in ''[[21 Bridges]]'', an American action thriller film directed by [[Brian Kirk]], as an [[NYPD]] detective who shuts down the eponymous twenty-one bridges of [[Manhattan]] to find two suspected cop killers. He was approached to work on the film by two of its producers, ''Avengers'' directors the [[Russo brothers]], at the ''Infinity War'' premiere.<ref name=LA21bridges/> While ''21 Bridges'' was filming, the Russos and Boseman were working on ''Endgame''.<ref name="forbes21bridges">{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Simon |title=All Roads Lead To Chadwick Boseman In '21 Bridges' |date=Nov 20, 2019|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2019/11/20/all-roads-lead-to-chadwick-boseman-in-21-bridges/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033009/https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2019/11/20/all-roads-lead-to-chadwick-boseman-in-21-bridges/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Boseman was also a producer on ''21 Bridges'', something he said was made clear to him in his early conversations with the production team;<ref name=LA21bridges/> the three producers are given a nod in one of the film's opening lines, when a character is described as an "avenger".<ref name="timeout21bridges">{{Cite web |title=21 Bridges 2019, directed by Brian Kirk {{!}} Film review |url=https://www.timeout.com/movies/21-bridges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024011640/https://www.timeout.com/movies/21-bridges |first=Joseph|last=Walsh|date=November 18, 2019|archive-date=October 24, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Time Out Worldwide}}</ref> All of the film's characters were originally conceived as male and white, with Boseman encouraging amendments to this and other parts of the story.<ref name="LA21bridges">{{Cite web |date=November 22, 2019 |title=How Chadwick Boseman made '21 Bridges' a more diverse detective story, and earned his producing stripes |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-11-21/chadwick-boseman-21-bridges |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032936/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-11-21/chadwick-boseman-21-bridges |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> In his capacity as a producer, Boseman sought out [[Sienna Miller]] to be his co-star; Miller, who was intending to take a break from acting while her daughter was young, asked for a salary that the studio would not meet, and so Boseman donated the rest from his own pay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman gave part of his 21 Bridges salary to Sienna Miller |first=Lucy|last=Campbell|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/sep/29/chadwick-boseman-gave-part-of-his-21-bridges-salary-to-sienna-miller |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> He also personally called [[Stephan James (actor)|Stephan James]] to ask him to play one of the criminals Boseman's detective is hunting; the two actors had been planning to work more together after the film.<ref name=forbes21bridges/> Boseman said that he and Coles "fought for casting and for actors that brought particular sensibilities and feelings".<ref name=LA21bridges/><br />
<br />
As an actor, Boseman developed his character by going on calls with the NYPD and [[LAPD]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=April 2, 2019 |title=Chadwick Boseman Plugs Gritty '21 Bridges' as 'Black Panther' Follow-Up |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/chadwick-boseman-21-bridges-cinemacon-1203178731/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032956/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/chadwick-boseman-21-bridges-cinemacon-1203178731/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Variety}}</ref> which he said influenced the writing after he fed back his experiences, and learning how to fire blanks and handle a gun with a police weapons specialist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Tom |date=November 18, 2019 |title=Chadwick Boseman Talks '21 Bridges', Marvel And How 'Black Panther' Changed Hollywood |url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/film/a29828577/chadwick-boseman-interview-21-bridges-black-panther-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032937/https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/film/a29828577/chadwick-boseman-interview-21-bridges-black-panther-2/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Esquire}}</ref> While the film received mixed reviews, the cast was praised;<ref>{{Cite web |title=21 Bridges (2019) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/21_bridges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033044/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/21_bridges |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Clarisse Loughrey of ''The Independent'' wrote that the film was indelicate in its storytelling, but that Boseman "finds a surprising amount to work with in such a basic, stock character",<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2019 |title=21 Bridges review: Handles themes of police violence with the delicacy of a monster truck |first=Clarrisse|last=Loughrey|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/21-bridges-review-chadwick-boseman-action-thriller-cast-director-a9211836.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033051/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/21-bridges-review-chadwick-boseman-action-thriller-cast-director-a9211836.html |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=The Independent}}</ref> while the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' said that "Chadwick Boseman and thin characters cannot keep ''21 Bridges'' from collapsing".<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2019 |title=Review: Chadwick Boseman and thin characters cannot keep '21 Bridges' from collapsing |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-11-21/21-bridges-chadwick-boseman-review |first=Katie|last=Walsh|url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032938/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-11-21/21-bridges-chadwick-boseman-review |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> [[Glenn Kenny]] of ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' was more positive towards the film, writing that "it's no small feat to tie up an intelligent action thriller with such assuredness" and that "Boseman [...] does a lot of running and driving and gun-pointing and car-hood slamming here, but his character also does a lot of thinking — and a lot of maneuvering."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kenny |first=Glenn |title=21 Bridges movie review & film summary (2019) |date=November 22, 2019|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/21-bridges-movie-review-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032943/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/21-bridges-movie-review-2019 |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2020: ''Da 5 Bloods'' and ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom''===<br />
In 2019 Boseman was announced as part of the cast for the [[Netflix]] films ''[[Da 5 Bloods]]'', directed by [[Spike Lee]], and ''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', directed by George C. Wolfe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=February 12, 2019 |title=Chadwick Boseman Joins Spike Lee's 'Da 5 Bloods' At Netflix |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media, LLC.]] |url=https://deadline.com/2019/02/chadwick-boseman-spike-lee-da-5-bloods-movie-netflix-1202556104/ |url-status=live |access-date=June 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213045548/https://deadline.com/2019/02/chadwick-boseman-spike-lee-da-5-bloods-movie-netflix-1202556104/ |archive-date=February 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="EW2020movies">{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman on balancing Marvel movies with bucket-list roles |url=https://ew.com/movies/2019/11/20/chadwick-boseman-marvel-movies-bucket-list-21-bridges/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032932/https://ew.com/movies/2019/11/20/chadwick-boseman-marvel-movies-bucket-list-21-bridges/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> He took these "bucket-list roles" for opportunities to work with Lee and with ''Ma Rainey'' producer Denzel Washington, as well as the opportunity to perform in an [[August Wilson]] play, telling ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' that he wanted to make these non-superhero films because "if you don't do the films that you plan to do, I think you wouldn't feel fulfilled as an artist."<ref name=EW2020movies/> He was also cast in a film telling the story of [[Yasuke]], the only non-Asian samurai and the first black man in Japan, which he was set to co-produce; Boseman said: "[the story is] not just an action movie, [it is] a cultural event, an exchange, and I am excited to be part of it."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=May 7, 2019 |title=Chadwick Boseman To Play African Samurai 'Yasuke' In Deal With Picturestart, De Luca Productions, Solipsist & X●ception Content |url=https://deadline.com/2019/05/chadwick-boseman-yasuke-african-samurai-black-panther-1202608769/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032939/https://deadline.com/2019/05/chadwick-boseman-yasuke-african-samurai-black-panther-1202608769/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=Deadline}}</ref> ''Time'' included Boseman on their list of the 10 Best Movie Performances of 2020, for both ''Da 5 Bloods'' and ''Ma Rainey''{{;}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 10 Best Movie Performances of 2020 |url=https://time.com/5915528/best-movie-performances-2020/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213075306/https://time.com/5915528/best-movie-performances-2020/ |archive-date=December 13, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=Time}}</ref> for ''Ma Rainey'', Boseman received posthumous nominations in the Best Actor category at the [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Academy Awards]], [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|British Film Academy Awards]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama|Golden Globe Awards]], and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role|Screen Actors Guild Awards]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Christopher |date=March 15, 2021 |title=Chadwick Boseman is the first posthumous Oscars acting nominee since Heath Ledger |url=https://www.goldderby.com/article/2021/chadwick-boseman-posthumous-acting-oscars-nominee/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315130543/https://www.goldderby.com/article/2021/chadwick-boseman-posthumous-acting-oscars-nominee/ |archive-date=March 15, 2021 |access-date=March 15, 2021 |website=[[Gold Derby]]}}</ref> winning the Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award and becoming the eighth person (and seventh man) to receive a posthumous Academy Award acting nomination.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkisian |first=Jacob |title=Chadwick Boseman is the 7th actor to receive a posthumous Oscar nomination. Here's who else has received the honor. |url=https://www.insider.com/chadwick-boseman-posthumous-oscar-nomination-2020-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318182717/https://www.insider.com/chadwick-boseman-posthumous-oscar-nomination-2020-11 |archive-date=March 18, 2021 |access-date=March 25, 2021 |website=Insider}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Da 5 Bloods'' was released on June 12, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharf |first=Zack |date=May 7, 2020 |title=Spike Lee's 'Da 5 Bloods' to Stream on Netflix in June, but It's Still Eligible for Oscars |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/05/netflix-spike-lee-da-5-bloods-release-date-1202229868/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507153918/https://www.indiewire.com/2020/05/netflix-spike-lee-da-5-bloods-release-date-1202229868/ |archive-date=May 7, 2020 |access-date=June 11, 2020 |website=IndieWire}}</ref> Lee, in choosing Boseman for the divine-like character of Stormin' Norman, said: "This character is heroic; he's a superhero. Who do we cast? We cast Jackie Robinson, James Brown, Thurgood Marshall, and we cast T'Challa."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Arkin |first=Daniel |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman played icons — and became one |language=en |work=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/movies/chadwick-boseman-played-icons-then-became-one-n1238781 |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829061932/https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/movies/chadwick-boseman-played-icons-then-became-one-n1238781 |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> Reception of his character was mostly positive; for the Associated Press, Jocelyn Noveck wrote that Boseman played Norman "with movie-star charisma and classic war-movie grit",<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Review: Lee's Vietnam pic is the right movie for right now |url=https://apnews.com/article/351e9ef6ea2c709c64fc26989acd8e96 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230200033/https://apnews.com/article/351e9ef6ea2c709c64fc26989acd8e96 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> and ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]''{{'}}s Kambole Campbell said his performance had "regal charisma",<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Da 5 Bloods |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/da-5-bloods/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032933/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/da-5-bloods/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=Empire}}</ref> while Chuck Bowen of ''[[Slant Magazine|Slant]]'' said that he "has a hauntingly gaunt presence, but he's already played too many saints."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowen |first=Chuck |title=Review: Da 5 Bloods Is a Vibrant, Messy Blend of Genre Film and Political Essay |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review-da-5-bloods-is-a-vibrant-messy-blend-of-genre-film-and-political-essay/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616102709/https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review-da-5-bloods-is-a-vibrant-messy-blend-of-genre-film-and-political-essay/ |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=[[Slant Magazine]]}}</ref> ''The A.V. Club''{{'}}s Ashley Ray-Harris felt the lack of digital de-aging for the other characters was unsuccessful in its aims and that "Lee's script doesn't give Boseman much to do outside of this confused, Christ-like characterization and never exposes Norman's own naïveté."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spike Lee goes to Vietnam with his muddled war movie Da 5 Bloods |url=https://film.avclub.com/spike-lee-goes-to-vietnam-with-his-politically-muddled-1843948759 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032932/https://film.avclub.com/spike-lee-goes-to-vietnam-with-his-politically-muddled-1843948759 |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> Conversely, [[Peter Bradshaw]] of ''The Guardian'' saw it as a reflection that "[he] has grown not old as those that are left grew old", and a way to show how Norman has been romanticized in his comrades' memories;<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Da 5 Bloods review – Spike Lee ignites a Vietnam cocktail of fire and fury {{!}} Peter Bradshaw's film of the week |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jun/10/da-5-bloods-review-spike-lee-delroy-lindo-vietnam-war |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110085608/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jun/10/da-5-bloods-review-spike-lee-delroy-lindo-vietnam-war |archive-date=January 10, 2021 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Odie Henderson of ''RogerEbert.com'' had a similar view and said that Boseman was "a perfect casting move", with the actor already carrying such a mythical status in black culture that he does not need to do much to be a believable mythical black icon as Norman.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henderson |first=Odie |title=Da 5 Bloods movie review & film summary (2020) |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/da-5-bloods-movie-review-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033638/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/da-5-bloods-movie-review-2020 |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{quote box|For the songs, rituals and folklore that were lost in slavery's middle passage, [August Wilson's] plays are those forgotten songs remixed for the struggles of adapting to these shores [...] In the similar way that Wilson's work was influenced by the [[blues]] of [[Bessie Smith]], [[Muddy Waters]] and [[W. C. Handy]], my plays were infused with Tupac, [[The Notorious B.I.G.|Biggie]] and [[Black Star (rap duo)|Black Star]].|source=–Boseman on August Wilson, 2013.<ref name=APsyracuse/>|width=350px|align=right}}<br />
The film ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'', in which Boseman co-stars as trumpeter Levee, was released after the actor's death in 2020.<ref name=jones3/> Director Wolfe said that Boseman was excited by the role for the challenge it posed, saying that "it's a ''monster'' role and it's a thrilling role, it's a difficult role. All of those things are exhilarating for an actor. And [Boseman] rose to the occasion and more than delivered."<ref name=WolfeGQ/> The film is based on the August Wilson [[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom|play of the same name]]; Boseman was a fan of Wilson and wrote about him and his inspiration on Boseman's own work in a 2013 essay for the ''Los Angeles Times''.<ref name=APsyracuse/><ref name=EW2020movies/> According to Chris Jones, Boseman's Levee is "an astonishing, revelatory performance and formidably distinct from the numerous interpretations seen on the stage";<ref name="jones3">{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Chris |date=December 17, 2020 |title=Column: How Chadwick Boseman took on an August Wilson monologue in 'Ma Rainey,' and embraced his own mortality |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/chris-jones/ct-ent-ma-rainey-august-wilson-1220-20201217-blpzdyer6bfmfoklidmyn4hpxm-story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |access-date=December 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120256/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/chris-jones/ct-ent-ma-rainey-august-wilson-1220-20201217-blpzdyer6bfmfoklidmyn4hpxm-story.html |archive-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> [[A. O. Scott]] of ''The New York Times'' similarly opined that "it will be hard, from now on, to imagine [...] a Levee to compare with Boseman."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Scott |first=A. O. |author-link=A. O. Scott |date=December 17, 2020 |title='Ma Rainey's Black Bottom' Review: All the Blues That's Fit to Sing |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/17/movies/ma-raineys-black-bottom-review.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=December 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032956/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/17/movies/ma-raineys-black-bottom-review.html |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[Angelica Jade Bastién]] for ''Vulture'' wrote at length on Boseman's performance, saying that "many of the important turns in the film hinge on Boseman's presence at the center. [...] In the first of his lachrymose monologues, Boseman is called to embody [anger and] gives the scene his all."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bastién |first=Angelica Jade |author-link=Angelica Jade Bastién |date=December 23, 2020 |title=Ma Rainey's Black Bottom Fails the Woman Behind a Legend |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/ma-raineys-black-bottom-movie-review-on-netflix.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227064620/https://www.vulture.com/article/ma-raineys-black-bottom-movie-review-on-netflix.html |archive-date=December 27, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=Vulture}}</ref> Charlotte O'Sullivan of the ''Evening Standard'' said Boseman was brave to take on a "more curdled" role than the heroic leaders he is best known for, and that "as skilful as he was talented, [he] hits the right notes, all the time."<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Sullivan |first=Charlotte |date=December 18, 2020 |title=Ma Rainey's Black Bottom review: Chadwick Boseman should win an Oscar |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/film/chadwick-boseman-ma-raineys-black-bottom-netflix-review-b74952.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221234134/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/film/chadwick-boseman-ma-raineys-black-bottom-netflix-review-b74952.html |archive-date=December 21, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=Evening Standard}}</ref> Clarisse Loughrey wrote that it was the actor's finest performance, that "when [he] rages against an unjust God [...] it strikes like thunder" and is "delivered with such grace that there's a sense he had another hundred performances like it still in him."<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2020 |title=Ma Rainey's Black Bottom features Chadwick Boseman's last and finest performance – review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/ma-raineys-black-bottom-review-b1775459.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032934/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/ma-raineys-black-bottom-review-b1775459.html |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=The Independent}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Appraisal and legacy==<br />
{{See also|Black Panther (film)#Analysis}}<br />
According to film critic [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', "Boseman was a [[virtuoso]] actor who had the rare ability to create a character from the outside in and the inside out [and he] knew how to fuse with a role, etching it in three dimensions [...] That's what made him an artist, and a movie star, too. Yet in ''Black Panther'', he also became that rare thing, a culture hero".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|date=August 29, 2020|title=Chadwick Boseman: An Acting Virtuoso Who Could Do Just About Anything|work=Variety|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/chadwick-boseman-black-panther-get-on-up-1234753466/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829113400/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/chadwick-boseman-black-panther-get-on-up-1234753466/ |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> Similarly, reviewer Richard Brody in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' finds the originality of Boseman's formidable acting technique in his ability to empathize with the interior lives of his characters and render them on screen as fully and completely belonging to the character.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Brody|first=Richard|date=August 29, 2020|title=The Lived-In Grace of Chadwick Boseman|work=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/the-lived-in-grace-of-chadwick-boseman |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906191851/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/the-lived-in-grace-of-chadwick-boseman |archive-date=September 6, 2020}}</ref> He was uniquely able to capture and portray the dignity of his characters, according to ''The New York Times'' critic [[Wesley Morris]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Morris|first=Wesley|date=August 29, 2020|title=It's Hard to Make Dignity Interesting. Chadwick Boseman Found a Way.|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/29/movies/chadwick-boseman-appraisal.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=September 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912125855/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/29/movies/chadwick-boseman-appraisal.html |archive-date=September 12, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Well known for taking biopic roles, Hanna Flint for the [[BBC]] said he became the frequent choice because of his dedication to embodying character.<ref name=bbclegacy/> Peter Bradshaw wrote of the actor's "beauty, his grace, his style, his presence [...] These made up Chadwick Boseman's persona [and he became] the lost prince of American cinema[,] glorious and inspirational".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|date=August 29, 2020|title=Chadwick Boseman: the unbearable loss of a prince of American cinema|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/aug/29/chadwick-boseman-the-unbearable-loss-of-a-prince-of-american-cinema |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829095202/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/aug/29/chadwick-boseman-the-unbearable-loss-of-a-prince-of-american-cinema |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Culture writer Steve Rose, in ''The Guardian'', said that Boseman's career was revolutionary and he "leaves behind a gamechanging legacy", attributing this to the actor's careful planning and selection of roles. Eulogizing him, Rose wrote:<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rose|first=Steve|date=August 29, 2020|title=The man with a manifesto: how Chadwick Boseman changed film for ever|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/aug/29/the-man-with-a-manifesto-how-chadwick-boseman-changed-film-forever |url-status=live |access-date=December 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226203710/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/aug/29/the-man-with-a-manifesto-how-chadwick-boseman-changed-film-forever |archive-date=December 26, 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><br />
{{quote|Chadwick Boseman began his career playing African American icons and pioneers; he ends it as one himself. His [...] achievements, as an actor and as a cultural force, will surely prove to be as heroic as those of the characters he portrayed. At the very least, he leaves the film-making landscape looking very different to how it was when he entered it.}}<br />
<br />
[[File:FanimeCon 2018 347 (40640219200).jpg|thumb|A cosplay of the Black Panther at [[FanimeCon]] 2018]]<br />
As the Black Panther, Boseman led a predominantly black cast in a major blockbuster for the first time;<ref name=bbclegacy/> ''Variety'' said that "the significance of Chadwick Boseman [...] to the African American and Black community is immeasurable."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Clayton|date=August 29, 2020|title=What Chadwick Boseman's 'Black Panther' Legacy Means|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/chadwick-boseman-legacy-black-panther-1234753760/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033012/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/chadwick-boseman-legacy-black-panther-1234753760/ |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020|website=Variety}}</ref> Further expressing the weight of Boseman's legacy, Robert Daniels wrote for ''Vulture'' that "his performance [as T'Challa] wouldn't just be a demonstration of craft [...] It'd become a piece of history. He'd face a slew of pressures, because a Black epic, even a period piece, is forever expected to be ''important'', representative of the past, present, and future."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Daniels|first=Robert|date=August 29, 2020|title=The Defiant Career of Chadwick Boseman, a Hollywood King|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/08/the-defiant-career-of-chadwick-boseman-a-hollywood-king.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231033012/https://www.vulture.com/2020/08/the-defiant-career-of-chadwick-boseman-a-hollywood-king.html |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020|website=Vulture}}</ref> He told [[BBC Culture]] that "through his acting, [Boseman] wrote, rewrote, and reclaimed black history".<ref name=bbclegacy/> Boseman's ''Ma Rainey'' co-star [[Viola Davis]] told Rose that "he is going to be remembered as a hero", both as the Black Panther and for the authentic man he was, and that "his legacy, his body of work, his integrity, is going to influence on generations upon generations to come."<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 4, 2020|title='Chadwick will be remembered as a hero': Denzel Washington and Viola Davis on making Ma Rainey's Black Bottom|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/dec/04/he-will-be-remembered-as-a-hero-denzel-washington-and-viola-davis-on-chadwick-boseman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231090340/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/dec/04/he-will-be-remembered-as-a-hero-denzel-washington-and-viola-davis-on-chadwick-boseman |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> BBC Culture called him "a film icon who changed Hollywood"; "a symbol of black excellence and of cinematic excellence"; and "a virtuoso and heroic figure, not just because of his iconic turn as Marvel's Black Panther but for how he raised the bar for racial equality and representation on screen."<ref name="bbclegacy">{{Cite web|last=Flint|first=Hanna|title=Chadwick Boseman: A film icon who changed Hollywood|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20201214-chadwick-boseman-a-film-icon-who-changed-hollywood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032935/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20201214-chadwick-boseman-a-film-icon-who-changed-hollywood |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020|website=BBC}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rhea Combs, film curator of the [[Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture]], said that with his screen presence, Boseman "was not only a conduit to the past and the way African-Americans persevered and pushed through so many challenges, he also represented brightness and the promise of tomorrow".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jurgensen|first=John|date=August 29, 2020|title=Chadwick Boseman's Career Amplified Black Culture, History|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/chadwick-bosemans-career-amplified-black-culture-history-11598736348 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208120622/https://www.wsj.com/articles/chadwick-bosemans-career-amplified-black-culture-history-11598736348 |archive-date=December 8, 2020|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> The BBC also noted his impact of infusing African authenticity into his work, including his motivations for taking a role in ''Gods of Egypt'' as well as how T'Challa is presented, saying that he "connect[s] African-American audiences with their African heritage".<ref name=bbclegacy/><br />
<br />
His alma mater, Howard University, renamed its College of Fine Arts in honor of Boseman on May 26, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arkin|first=Daniel|last2=Dasrath|first2=Diana|date=May 27, 2021|title=Howard University names College of Fine Arts after Chadwick Boseman|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/celebrity/howard-university-names-fine-arts-college-after-chadwick-boseman-n1268666|url-status=live|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
===Family and faith===<br />
Boseman began dating singer Taylor Simone Ledward in 2015.<ref name="Independent20200829">{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Sarah |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman and girlfriend privately married before his death |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/chadwick-boseman-death-married-taylor-simone-ledward-colon-cancer-a9695481.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829205235/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/chadwick-boseman-death-married-taylor-simone-ledward-colon-cancer-a9695481.html |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> The two reportedly got engaged by October 2019, and they later married in secret, as revealed by Boseman's family in a statement announcing his death.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Villarreal |first=Daniel |date=August 28, 2020 |title=Who Is Chadwick Boseman's Wife, Taylor Simone Ledward? |url=https://www.newsweek.com/who-chadwick-bosemans-wife-taylor-simone-ledward-1528509 |url-status=live |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829072515/https://www.newsweek.com/who-chadwick-bosemans-wife-taylor-simone-ledward-1528509 |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><ref name=Independent20200829/><br />
<br />
Boseman was raised a Christian and was [[baptized]]. He was part of a church choir and youth group and his former pastor said that he still kept his faith.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Remien |first=Shale |title=Anderson native Chadwick Boseman stars as the Black Panther: Local pastor reacts |url=http://www.foxcarolina.com/story/37490051/anderson-native-chadwick-boseman-stars-as-the-black-panther-local-pastor-reacts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225074411/http://www.foxcarolina.com/story/37490051/anderson-native-chadwick-boseman-stars-as-the-black-panther-local-pastor-reacts |archive-date=February 25, 2018 |access-date=February 16, 2018 |publisher=[[WHNS]] |location=Greenville, South Carolina}}</ref> He studied [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and had a good knowledge of both the [[Old Testament]] and [[New Testament]].<ref name=theatreGuardian/> Boseman had stated that he prayed to be the Black Panther before he was cast as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Elliot |title=Chadwick Boseman on Black Panther and the healing power of cinema |url=http://www.hungertv.com/feature/chadwick-boseman-on-black-panther-and-the-healing-power-of-cinema/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216204408/http://www.hungertv.com/feature/chadwick-boseman-on-black-panther-and-the-healing-power-of-cinema/ |archive-date=February 16, 2018 |access-date=February 16, 2018 |website=HungerTV.com |publisher=Hunger Publishing Ltd. |location=London}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Philanthropy===<br />
Outside of performing, Boseman supported various charities. He worked with cancer charities including [[St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude's Hospital]], continuing to support those battling the disease up until his own death from it; in a message to a producer days before he died, Boseman inquired about sending gifts to childhood cancer patients.<ref name=hypecharity/><ref name=charitycheatsheet/> He donated $10,000 to the [[Boys & Girls Clubs of America|Boys and Girls Club]] of Harlem to provide free tickets for children who wanted to see ''Black Panther'';<ref name=hypecharity/> he did this to support and promote the Black Panther Challenge started by a New Yorker to raise money for similar children across the country. In response, [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] donated $1{{nbsp}}million to the Boys & Girls Clubs to advance its [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] programs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2018 |title=Disney 'celebrates' Black Panther by giving $1m to charity |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-43212336 |url-status=live |access-date=December 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120231/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-43212336 |archive-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> Boseman advocated for children's charities, with the [[Jackie Robinson Foundation]] noting after his death that he helped with their youth outreach. When Disney planned to donate $400{{nbsp}}million to charitable causes, Boseman encouraged the move. In April 2020, he donated $4.2{{nbsp}}million in [[personal protective equipment]] to hospitals fighting the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in black communities,<ref name="hypecharity">{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman Was More Than a Superstar He Was a Superhuman Being and Philanthropist by Dwyane Ashley, President/Ceo Bridge Philanthropic Consulting |url=https://www.thehypemagazine.com/2020/09/chadwick-boseman-was-more-than-a-superstar-he-was-a-superhuman-being-and-philanthropist-by-dwyane-ashley-president-ceo-bridge-philanthropic-consulting/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120230/https://www.thehypemagazine.com/2020/09/chadwick-boseman-was-more-than-a-superstar-he-was-a-superhuman-being-and-philanthropist-by-dwyane-ashley-president-ceo-bridge-philanthropic-consulting/ |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=The Hype Magazine}}</ref> starting his own Operation 42 challenge to encourage others to donate [[Personal protective equipment|PPE]].<ref name="charitycheatsheet">{{Cite web |last=Carpenter |first=Perry |date=May 5, 2020 |title='Black Panther' Star Chadwick Boseman Was Still Helping Other Cancer Patients While Losing His Battle |url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/black-panther-star-chadwick-boseman-was-still-helping-other-cancer-patients-while-losing-his-battle.html/ |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Showbiz Cheat Sheet}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Advocacy ===<br />
In politics, Boseman supported the When We All Vote campaign, and his last [[Twitter|tweet]] before his death was congratulating [[Kamala Harris]] on her selection as [[Joe Biden]]'s [[2020 United States presidential election|vice-presidential nominee]].<ref name=hypecharity/><br />
<br />
==Illness and death==<br />
Boseman was diagnosed with [[Cancer staging|stage III]] [[Colorectal cancer|colon cancer]] in 2016, which eventually progressed to stage IV before 2020.<ref name="nyt obit" /> He never spoke publicly about his cancer diagnosis, and according to ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', "[o]nly a handful of non-family members knew that Boseman was sick... with varying degrees of knowledge about the severity of [his] condition."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Siegel |first=Tatiana |last2=Kit |first2=Borys |date=September 2, 2020 |title=Disney Grapples With How to Proceed on 'Black Panther' Without Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-grapples-with-how-to-proceed-on-black-panther-without-chadwick-boseman |url-status=live |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902161542/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-grapples-with-how-to-proceed-on-black-panther-without-chadwick-boseman |archive-date=September 2, 2020 |access-date=September 18, 2020}}</ref> During treatment, involving multiple surgeries and [[chemotherapy]], he continued to work and completed production for several films, including ''Marshall'', ''Da 5 Bloods'', ''Ma Rainey'', and others. <br />
<br />
Boseman died at his Los Angeles home as a result of complications related to colon cancer on August 28, 2020, with his wife and family by his side.<ref name="AP-Death">{{Cite news |last=Pearson |first=Ryan |date=August 29, 2020 |title='Black Panther' star Chadwick Boseman dies of cancer at 43 |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/5f4352111fdead278da3651b44d311b8 |url-status=dead |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829023022/https://apnews.com/5f4352111fdead278da3651b44d311b8 |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Maxouris |first=Christina |last2=Vera |first2=Amir |date=August 29, 2020 |title='Black Panther' star Chadwick Boseman dies at 43 |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/28/entertainment/chadwick-boseman-dies/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829044156/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/28/entertainment/chadwick-boseman-dies/index.html |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2020 |title='Black Panther' star Chadwick Boseman passes away at 43 |url=https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/black-panther-star-chadwick-boseman-dies-of-cancer-at-43/amp_articleshow/77815479.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829072150/https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/black-panther-star-chadwick-boseman-dies-of-cancer-at-43/amp_articleshow/77815479.cms |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> He died without a [[Will and testament|will]], and his estate will be governed by California law with the representation of Ledward.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Drysdale |first=Jennifer |date=November 19, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman's Widow Taylor Simone Ledward Appointed Personal Representative of His Estate |language=en-US |work=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |url=https://www.etonline.com/chadwick-bosemans-widow-taylor-simone-ledward-appointed-personal-representative-of-his-estate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119204515/https://www.etonline.com/chadwick-bosemans-widow-taylor-simone-ledward-appointed-personal-representative-of-his-estate |archive-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref> A public memorial service was held on September 4, 2020, in Anderson, South Carolina, where the speakers included Boseman's childhood pastor as well as Deanna Brown-Thomas, daughter of James Brown, whom Boseman portrayed in ''Get on Up''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chadwick Boseman Honored as Hometown Hero in Native South Carolina |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/chadwick-boseman-honored-as-hometown-hero-in-native-south-carolina |url-status=live |access-date=September 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910210800/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/chadwick-boseman-honored-as-hometown-hero-in-native-south-carolina |archive-date=September 10, 2020}}</ref> The city announced plans for the creation of a permanent art memorial at the service.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Asia |date=September 4, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman's hometown creates Public Art Endowment in his honor |language=en-US |publisher=[[WSPA-TV]] |location=Spartanburg, South Carolina |url=https://www.wspa.com/news/top-stories/chadwick-bosemans-hometown-creates-public-art-endowment-in-his-honor/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028054020/https://www.wspa.com/news/top-stories/chadwick-bosemans-hometown-creates-public-art-endowment-in-his-honor/ |archive-date=October 28, 2020}}</ref> Despite reports that Boseman was buried at Welfare Baptist Church cemetery in nearby [[Belton, South Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dalton |first=Andrew |date=September 14, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman buried near South Carolina hometown |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/cedc4ec64b08a801e8b9e38a8976e65e |url-status=live |access-date=September 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201123235659/https://apnews.com/article/chadwick-boseman-anderson-los-angeles-archive-south-carolina-cedc4ec64b08a801e8b9e38a8976e65e |archive-date=November 23, 2020}}</ref> the funeral home handling the services and the church pastor both denied this.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 15, 2020 |title=Funeral home, church pastor contradict reports that Chadwick Boseman is buried in hometown |work=[[Anderson Independent-Mail]] |location=Anderson County, South Carolina |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2020/09/15/chadwick-boseman-not-buried-hometown-belton-sc-family-church/5809437002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002140317/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2020/09/15/chadwick-boseman-not-buried-hometown-belton-sc-family-church/5809437002/ |archive-date=October 2, 2020 |via=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Response===<br />
Many fellow actors and other celebrities paid tribute to Boseman on social media following the announcement of his death, including a number of his Marvel Cinematic Universe co-stars. Marvel Studios president and [[Chief creative officer|CCO]] Kevin Feige called Boseman's death "absolutely devastating", writing: "Each time he stepped on set, he radiated charisma and joy, and each time he appeared on screen, he created something truly indelible [...] Now he takes his place [as] an icon for the ages."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Russian |first=Ale |date=August 28, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman's Avengers Costars Mark Ruffalo, Brie Larson & Chris Evans Mourn Him: 'Rest In Power' |url=https://people.com/movies/chadwick-boseman-avengers-costars-react-death/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829081818/https://people.com/movies/chadwick-boseman-avengers-costars-react-death/ |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=People}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Calvario |first=Liz |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman Dead at 43: Celebs Honor 'Black Panther' Star |url=https://www.etonline.com/chadwick-boseman-dead-at-43-sterling-k-brown-oprah-winfrey-and-more-celebs-pay-tribute-to-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105822/https://www.etonline.com/chadwick-boseman-dead-at-43-sterling-k-brown-oprah-winfrey-and-more-celebs-pay-tribute-to-actor |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=Entertainment Tonight}}</ref> Co-stars from Boseman's other films also paid tribute to him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namako |first=Tom |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Hollywood, Celebrities, Sports Stars, Politicians, And More Are Mourning The Death Of Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tomnamako/celebrities-are-mourning-the-death-of-chadwick-boseman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829053012/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tomnamako/celebrities-are-mourning-the-death-of-chadwick-boseman |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=BuzzFeed News}}</ref> His [[alma mater]], Howard University, tweeted in reaction that "his incredible talent will forever be immortalized through his characters and through his own personal journey from student to superhero".<ref>{{Cite news |last=McNally |first=Brian |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman, star of the film '42', dies on Jackie Robinson Day |publisher=[[NBC Sports]] Washington |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/washington/nationals/chadwick-boseman-star-film-42-dies-jackie-robinson-day |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105823/https://www.nbcsports.com/washington/nationals/chadwick-boseman-star-film-42-dies-jackie-robinson-day |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
On August 29, 2020, the day after Boseman died, the tweet in which his family announced his death on his Twitter account became the [[List of most-liked tweets|most-liked tweet]] in history, with over six&nbsp;million likes in under 24 hours,<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1299808792322940928 |user=Twitter |title=Most liked Tweet ever. A tribute fit for a King. #WakandaForever |author=Twitter |date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Del Rosario |first=Alexandra |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Twitter Crowns Chadwick Boseman's Last Post Most Liked Tweet Ever: 'A Tribute Fit For a King' |url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/chadwick-boseman0-twitter-most-liked-tweet-ever-1203026947/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830020613/https://deadline.com/2020/08/chadwick-boseman0-twitter-most-liked-tweet-ever-1203026947/ |archive-date=August 30, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> and accumulating over seven&nbsp;million by August 31, far displacing the previous record holder.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Langlois, Shawn |date=August 30, 2020 |title=Barack Obama's 2017 response to the Charlottesville attack is no longer the most liked tweet of all time |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/barack-obamas-2017-response-to-the-charlottesville-attack-is-no-longer-the-most-liked-tweet-of-all-time-11598816742?fbclid=IwAR0X8VEip4E6U-MN1H7Atzg_rY04ooX5N7zS5Jza0x1gdbem5X7raGhhcDw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831074111/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/barack-obamas-2017-response-to-the-charlottesville-attack-is-no-longer-the-most-liked-tweet-of-all-time-11598816742 |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |publisher=[[MarketWatch]]}}</ref> His death was likened to other unexpected deaths of young black celebrities in 2020, particularly [[Kobe Bryant]] and [[Naya Rivera]].<ref>Multiple sources:<br />
*{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman's Passing Has Fans Mourning His and Kobe Bryant's Deaths |url=https://popculture.com/sports/news/chadwick-bosemans-passing-fans-mourning-kobe-bryant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831012116/https://popculture.com/sports/news/chadwick-bosemans-passing-fans-mourning-kobe-bryant/ |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=Pop Culture}}<br />
*{{Cite web |title=Famosos lamentam morte de Chadwick Boseman, o 'Pantera Negra', aos 42 anos |url=https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/purepeople/famosos-lamentam-morte-de-chadwick-boseman-o-pantera-negra-aos-42-anos,b3927c057d6e0eb0a8735580ed04b3dfw9r2kiaf.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831012118/https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/purepeople/famosos-lamentam-morte-de-chadwick-boseman-o-pantera-negra-aos-42-anos,b3927c057d6e0eb0a8735580ed04b3dfw9r2kiaf.html |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=Terra |language=pt-BR}}<br />
*{{Cite web |title=Adiós a Chadwick Boseman, Wakanda se viste de luto |url=https://www.elheraldo.co/famosos/adios-chadwick-boseman-wakanda-se-viste-de-luto-754572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831012122/https://www.elheraldo.co/famosos/adios-chadwick-boseman-wakanda-se-viste-de-luto-754572 |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=August 30, 2020 |website=[[El Heraldo (Colombia)|El Heraldo]] |language=es}}<br />
*{{Cite web |last=Egedegbe |first=Gracious |date=August 31, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman Married His Longtime Love before His Death, His Family Reveals |url=https://news.amomama.com/225848-chadwick-boseman-married-his-longtime-lo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906191851/https://news.amomama.com/225848-chadwick-boseman-married-his-longtime-lo.html |archive-date=September 6, 2020 |access-date=September 2, 2020 |website=Amo Mama}}<br />
*{{Cite web |last=Sung |first=Morgan |title=Honestly, I'm just tired. |url=https://mashable.com/article/honestly-im-tired-hell-zone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120000735/https://mashable.com/article/honestly-im-tired-hell-zone/ |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |access-date=October 7, 2020 |website=Mashable}}<br />
*{{Cite web |title=Chadwick Boseman, Naya Rivera, Alex Trebek and more celebs we lost in 2020 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/celebrity-deaths-2020-stars-weve-lost-182526735.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207235653/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/celebrity-deaths-2020-stars-weve-lost-182526735.html |archive-date=February 7, 2021 |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=Yahoo}}<br />
*{{Cite web |last=Gibson |first=Kelsie |date=December 23, 2020 |title=All the Celebrities We've Said Farewell to in 2020 |url=https://www.popsugar.co.uk/celebrity/celebrities-who-died-in-2020-47085916 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023112104/https://www.popsugar.co.uk/celebrity/celebrities-who-died-in-2020-47085916 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=POPSUGAR Celebrity UK}}<br />
*{{Cite web |date=January 1, 2021 |title=Celebrity Deaths in 2020: Stars We've Lost |url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/pictures/celebrity-deaths-in-2020-stars-weve-lost/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211031848/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/pictures/celebrity-deaths-in-2020-stars-weve-lost/ |archive-date=December 11, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=Us Weekly}}<br />
*{{Cite web |title=Famosos que fallecieron en 2020 dejando al mundo de luto |url=https://www.telemundo.com/entretenimiento/latinx-now-espanol/famosos/famosos-que-fallecieron-en-2020-dejando-al-mundo-entero-de-luto-tmna3851109 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205193619/https://www.telemundo.com/entretenimiento/latinx-now-espanol/famosos/famosos-que-fallecieron-en-2020-dejando-al-mundo-entero-de-luto-tmna3851109 |archive-date=December 5, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=[[Telemundo]] |language=es}}<br />
*{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=December 9, 2020 |title=Google Top Trending Searches 2020: Kobe Bryant, Naya Rivera, Chadwick Boseman Among Most Popular Queries |url=https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/google-top-trending-2020-searches-1234849323/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209120158/https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/google-top-trending-2020-searches-1234849323/ |archive-date=December 9, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref> The Associated Press and ''[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]'' noted Rivera and Boseman as Hollywood's most impactful 2020 deaths.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP PHOTOS: The year entertainment went radically off-script |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/ap-photos-year-entertainment-radically-off-script-74799050 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224231618/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/ap-photos-year-entertainment-radically-off-script-74799050 |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=ABC News |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maestrutti |first=Silvia |date=December 31, 2020 |title=Desde Hollywood: mucha burbuja, poco trabajo y demasiados protocolos |url=https://www.clarin.com/espectaculos/cine/hollywood-fin-ano-solo-papel_0_1nQURFzY1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101000657/https://www.clarin.com/espectaculos/cine/hollywood-fin-ano-solo-papel_0_1nQURFzY1.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=Clarín |language=es}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Major League Baseball]] and the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]], the franchise for which Robinson played when the team was at its former home of Brooklyn, New York, issued statements honoring Boseman, in light of his acclaimed portrayal of the player.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Boseman, who starred as Jackie Robinson, dies |publisher=[[ESPN]] |url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/29762813/actor-chadwick-boseman-dies-43-jackie-robinson-role-acting-triumphs |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105839/https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/29762813/actor-chadwick-boseman-dies-43-jackie-robinson-role-acting-triumphs |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Calvario |first=Liz |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Dodgers Honor Chadwick Boseman as They Celebrate Jackie Robinson Day |work=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |url=https://www.etonline.com/dodgers-honor-chadwick-boseman-well-never-forget-your-iconic-performance-as-jackie-robinson-152206 |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105847/https://www.etonline.com/dodgers-honor-chadwick-boseman-well-never-forget-your-iconic-performance-as-jackie-robinson-152206 |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> Several publications noted Boseman died on the observance of [[Jackie Robinson Day]],{{efn|Jackie Robinson Day is April 15, but in 2020 was observed on August 28 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.}} seven years after his having portrayed Robinson.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Russian |first=Ale |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman Died on Jackie Robinson Day 7 Years After He Played the Sports Legend in 42 |url=https://people.com/movies/chadwick-boseman-died-jackie-robinson-day-7-years-after-playing-icon-in-42/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105848/https://people.com/movies/chadwick-boseman-died-jackie-robinson-day-7-years-after-playing-icon-in-42/ |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Quinn |first=Sam |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Chadwick Boseman, Hollywood star and lead actor in '42,' dies at age 43 on MLB's Jackie Robinson Day |work=[[CBS Sports]] |url=https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/chadwick-boseman-hollywood-star-and-lead-actor-in-42-dies-at-age-43-on-mlbs-jackie-robinson-day/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105856/https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/chadwick-boseman-hollywood-star-and-lead-actor-in-42-dies-at-age-43-on-mlbs-jackie-robinson-day/ |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> Prior to the fifth game between the [[Los Angeles Lakers]] and the [[Portland Trail Blazers]] in the [[NBA playoffs]], Boseman was honored with a moment of silence, alongside [[Clifford Robinson (basketball, born 1966)|Cliff Robinson]] and [[Lute Olson]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hudson |first=Jamie |date=August 30, 2020 |title=Trail Blazers-Lakers share moment of silence for Cliff Robinson, Lute Olson & Chadwick Boseman |publisher=[[NBC Sports]] |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/northwest/trail-blazers/trail-blazers-lakers-share-moment-silence-cliff-robinson-lute-olson |url-status=live |access-date=September 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026082308/https://www.nbcsports.com/northwest/trail-blazers/trail-blazers-lakers-share-moment-silence-cliff-robinson-lute-olson |archive-date=October 26, 2020}}</ref> When [[Lewis Hamilton]], the only black driver in [[Formula One]], won the [[2020 Belgian Grand Prix]], he dedicated the win to Boseman.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 30, 2020 |title=Lewis Hamilton pays tribute to Chadwick Boseman after Belgian GP victory |publisher=[[CNN International]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/30/motorsport/belgian-grand-prix-hamilton-boseman-ferrari-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831234749/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/30/motorsport/belgian-grand-prix-hamilton-boseman-ferrari-spt-intl/index.html |archive-date=August 31, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Tributes===<br />
{{Wikinews|Tributes paid to recently deceased US actor Chadwick Boseman}}<br />
On August 28, 2020, a [[Change.org]] petition was started, seeking to replace a [[List of Confederate monuments and memorials in South Carolina|Confederate monument]] in his hometown of Anderson with a statue of Boseman; it collected more than 50,000 signatures in less than a week, surpassing its original goal of 15,000 signatures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online petition asks South Carolina town to replace Confederate statue with one of Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.wltx.com/article/life/people/online-petition-urges-replacing-confederate-monument-with-statue-anderson-southcarolina-native-chadwick-boseman/101-9c6ad924-0502-49da-a1ee-442183d21dd2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906191851/https://www.wltx.com/article/life/people/online-petition-urges-replacing-confederate-monument-with-statue-anderson-southcarolina-native-chadwick-boseman/101-9c6ad924-0502-49da-a1ee-442183d21dd2 |archive-date=September 6, 2020 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |website=[[WLTX]]}}</ref> [[Henry McMaster]], the [[Governor of South Carolina]], ordered the [[South Carolina State House|Statehouse]] flags be lowered to half-staff on August 30 in honor of Boseman, who was born and raised in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bean |first=Riley |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Gov. McMaster orders flags to be lowered to half-staff for actor Chadwick Boseman |publisher=[[WIS (TV)]] |url=https://www.wistv.com/2020/08/29/gov-mcmaster-orders-flags-be-lowered-half-staff-actor-chadwick-boseman/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830170855/https://www.wistv.com/2020/08/29/gov-mcmaster-orders-flags-be-lowered-half-staff-actor-chadwick-boseman/ |archive-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref> [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (which, like Marvel Entertainment, is owned by Disney) aired a commercial-free version of ''Black Panther'', followed by a special about Boseman's life and work titled ''Chadwick Boseman — A Tribute for a King'' on the same day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 30, 2020 |title=ABC to Air 'Black Panther' and Chadwick Boseman Tribute Special Tonight |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/chadwick-boseman-dead-abc-black-panther-tribute-1234753865/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830235907/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/chadwick-boseman-dead-abc-black-panther-tribute-1234753865/ |archive-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2020 |title=Here's How to Watch the Chadwick Boseman and Black Panther TV Specials |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1183372/heres-how-to-watch-the-chadwick-boseman-and-black-panther-tv-specials |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831085528/https://www.eonline.com/news/1183372/heres-how-to-watch-the-chadwick-boseman-and-black-panther-tv-specials |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |website=E! Online}}</ref> Also aired on August 30 was the [[2020 MTV Video Music Awards]]; the ceremony was dedicated to Boseman.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1300222144119537669 |user=vmas |title=RIP Chadwick Boseman. Tonight's #VMAs is dedicated to him. |author=[[MTV Video Music Awards|Video Music Awards]] |date=August 30, 2020 |access-date=August 31, 2020}}</ref> On September 24, 2020, Disney unveiled a mural titled ''King Chad'', by artist Nikkolas Smith dedicated to Boseman at [[Downtown Disney]] in Anaheim, California.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Nikkolas |title=This one is special. My King Chad tribute is now on a wall on display at Downtown Disney |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CFhuNOqFnDJ/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106160032/https://www.instagram.com/p/CFhuNOqFnDJ/ |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |access-date=September 27, 2020}}</ref> In February 2021, another mural dedicated to Boseman was painted at [[Trilith Studios]] in [[Fayetteville, Georgia]], by artist Brandon Sadler.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Preheim |first=Cheryl |date=January 28, 2021 |title=Mural inspired by 'Black Panther' painted on building at Georgia film studio |work=11Alive.com |url=https://www.11alive.com/article/entertainment/television/programs/the-a-scene/black-panther-mural-inspires-film-community-in-fayette-county/85-c9a80505-3fc7-468f-8b63-c83495b9e184 |url-status=live |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426030341/https://www.11alive.com/article/entertainment/television/programs/the-a-scene/black-panther-mural-inspires-film-community-in-fayette-county/85-c9a80505-3fc7-468f-8b63-c83495b9e184 |archive-date=April 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Stafford |first=Leon |date=February 5, 2021 |title='Black Panther' artist paints massive Trilith soundstage mural |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/black-panther-artist-paints-massive-trilith-soundstage-mural/6BJCT2R7NFFADDEKHA2ZL5S62A/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215043158/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/black-panther-artist-paints-massive-trilith-soundstage-mural/6BJCT2R7NFFADDEKHA2ZL5S62A/ |archive-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Following his [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] win over Boseman at the Academy Awards in April 2021, [[Anthony Hopkins]] said, "I want to pay tribute to Chadwick Boseman, who was taken from us far too early, and again thank you all very much."<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 27, 2021 |title= After shocking Oscar win, Anthony Hopkins posts video acknowledging Chadwick Boseman |publisher=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |url= https://thehill.com/changing-america/enrichment/arts-culture/550420-after-shocking-oscar-win-anthony-hopkins-posts-video |url-status=live |access-date= April 27, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Boseman is also memorialized in the 2020 video game ''[[Spider-Man: Miles Morales|Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales]]''. The game includes an after-credits message dedicating it in memory of Boseman, as well as a street called Boseman Way on [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]]; the number 42 bears significance in the ''Miles Morales'' universe as well as referring to Boseman's portrayal of Jackie Robinson. A Wakandan flag also appears.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2020 |title='Spider-Man: Miles Moreals' contains tribute to Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.nme.com/en_au/news/gaming-news/spider-man-miles-morales-fans-find-new-tribute-to-chadwick-boseman-2822183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120234/https://www.nme.com/en_au/news/gaming-news/spider-man-miles-morales-fans-find-new-tribute-to-chadwick-boseman-2822183 |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] also made ''Black Panther'' comic titles available for free on its [[ComiXology]] platform in the wake of Boseman's death.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyons |first=Kim |date=September 5, 2020 |title=Black Panther titles are free right now on Comixology |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/5/21424313/black-panther-comixology-amazon-chadwick-boseman-marvel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231032953/https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/5/21424313/black-panther-comixology-amazon-chadwick-boseman-marvel |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=The Verge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 10, 2020 |title=Comixology offers free Black Panther digital comics in honor of Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/09/10/comixology-offers-free-black-panther-digital-comics-in-honor-of-chadwick-boseman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928045525/https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/09/10/comixology-offers-free-black-panther-digital-comics-in-honor-of-chadwick-boseman/ |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=Android Police}}</ref> On November 29, 2020, Marvel changed the studio's logo animation in the opening of ''Black Panther'' on Disney+ to include images of Boseman from the film, as well as his appearances in ''Captain America: Civil War'', ''Avengers: Infinity War'', and ''Avengers: Endgame'', to honor what would have been Boseman's 44th birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonomolo |first=Cameron |date=November 29, 2020 |title=Black Panther on Disney+ Updated With Marvel Studios Logo Tribute to Chadwick Boseman |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/chadwick-boseman-birthday-marvel-studios-logo-update-black-panther-disney-plus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129143852/https://comicbook.com/movies/news/chadwick-boseman-birthday-marvel-studios-logo-update-black-panther-disney-plus/ |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |access-date=November 29, 2020 |website=Comicbook.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<!-- Please note: do NOT add "rowspans" per WP:FILMOGRAPHY --><br />
<br />
=== Film ===<br />
<!-- Do not add rowspans per WP:FILMOGRAPHY--><br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[The Express: The Ernie Davis Story]]''<br />
| [[Floyd Little]]<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="APFilms" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[The Kill Hole]]''<br />
| Lt. Samuel Drake<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olsen |first=Mark |date=March 21, 2013 |title=Review: 'Kill Hole' a muddled thriller about war veterans |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-mar-21-la-et-mn-kill-hole-review-20130322-story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829075644/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-mar-21-la-et-mn-kill-hole-review-20130322-story.html |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[42 (film)|42]]''<br />
|[[Jackie Robinson]]<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="APFilms" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Draft Day]]''<br />
| Vontae Mack<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=McKittrick |first=Chris |date=April 14, 2014 |title=Chadwick Boseman on Why 'Draft Day' is Different from his Other Sports Movies |url=https://www.dailyactor.com/film/chadwick-boseman-draft-day-different-sports-movies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829075633/https://www.dailyactor.com/film/chadwick-boseman-draft-day-different-sports-movies/ |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=Daily Actor}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Get on Up (film)|Get on Up]]''<br />
|[[James Brown]]<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="APFilms">{{Cite web |last=Coyle |first=Jake |date=July 28, 2014 |title=A double-header of biopics for Chadwick Boseman |url=https://apnews.com/f5b4c5aa2e314bb5b448570f66332d0d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829030223/https://apnews.com/f5b4c5aa2e314bb5b448570f66332d0d |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Gods of Egypt (film)|Gods of Egypt]]''<br />
|[[Thoth]]<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gods of Egypt (2016) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/56c7a9455f18c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106214528/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/56c7a9455f18c |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''<br />
| [[T'Challa (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|T'Challa / Black Panther]]<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Captain America Civil War (2016) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/579dd2fd07c59 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608182750/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/579dd2fd07c59 |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Message from the King (film)|Message from the King]]''<br />
| Jacob King<br />
| Also executive producer<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Debruge |first=Peter |date=September 9, 2016 |title=Film Review: 'Message from the King' |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/message-from-the-king-review-1201855642/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829040011/https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/message-from-the-king-review-1201855642/ |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Marshall (film)|Marshall]]''<br />
|[[Thurgood Marshall]]<br />
| Also co-producer<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marshall (2017) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5a14303fc4be5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105859/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5a14303fc4be5 |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Black Panther (film)|Black Panther]]''<br />
| T'Challa / Black Panther<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Panther (2018) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5aa1d305737eb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519025733/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5aa1d305737eb |archive-date=May 19, 2019 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]''<br />
| T'Challa / Black Panther<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Avengers Infinity War (2018) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5c4615087b730 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608152341/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5c4615087b730 |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]''<br />
| T'Challa / Black Panther<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Avengers Endgame (2019) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5d1f7a24a98a1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707224913/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5d1f7a24a98a1 |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[21 Bridges]]''<br />
| Andre Davis<br />
| Also producer<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=21 Bridges (2019) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5ddd5346209c0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105859/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5ddd5346209c0 |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Da 5 Bloods]]''<br />
| Norman Earl "Stormin' Norm" Holloway<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Da 5 Bloods |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5f1b5cba28cfd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829105903/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5f1b5cba28cfd |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'' <br />
| Levee Green<br />
| Posthumous release<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Viola Davis, Chadwick Boseman star in Netflix's 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/viola-davis-chadwick-boseman-star-netflix-s-ma-rainey-s-n1019756 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829040951/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/viola-davis-chadwick-boseman-star-netflix-s-ma-rainey-s-n1019756 |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[All My Children]]''<br />
| Reggie Porter<br />
| Recurring role<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="TheWrap">{{Cite web |last=Pond |first=Steve |date=January 2, 2019 |title='Black Panther' Stars Chadwick Boseman and Michael B Jordan Recall Playing the Same Role on 'All My Children' |url=https://www.thewrap.com/black-panther-chadwick-boseman-michael-b-jordan-all-my-children-soap-played-same-role-fired/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430062343/https://www.thewrap.com/black-panther-chadwick-boseman-michael-b-jordan-all-my-children-soap-played-same-role-fired/ |archive-date=April 30, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Third Watch]]''<br />
| David Wafer<br />
| Episode: "In Lieu of Johnson"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="AIM">{{Cite web |last=Ellis |first=Mike |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Anderson County native and 'Black Panther' actor Chadwick Boseman dies at 43 |url=https://www.independentmail.com/story/news/local/2020/08/28/anderson-native-and-black-panther-actor-chadwick-boseman-dies-43/5663874002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829024906/https://www.independentmail.com/story/news/local/2020/08/28/anderson-native-and-black-panther-actor-chadwick-boseman-dies-43/5663874002/ |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[Anderson Independent Mail]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Law & Order]]''<br />
| Foster Keyes<br />
| Episode: "Can I Get a Witness?"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="AIM" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[CSI: NY]]''<br />
| Rondo<br />
| Episode: "Heroes"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="THR">{{Cite web |last=Schillaci |first=Sophie |date=April 19, 2013 |title='42's' Chadwick Boseman: 'I Would Love to Play Jimi Hendrix' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/42s-chadwick-boseman-i-would-443061 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210234804/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/42s-chadwick-boseman-i-would-443061 |archive-date=December 10, 2015 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''<br />
| Derek Taylor<br />
| Episode: "Oh, Brother"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="AIM" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Cold Case]]''<br />
| Dexter Collins<br />
| Episode: "Street Money"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="AIM" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2008–2009<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Lincoln Heights (TV series)|Lincoln Heights]]''<br />
| Nathaniel "Nate" Ray<br />
| 9 episodes<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maldonado |first=Jennifer |date=February 18, 2018 |title=Pre Black Panther, Chadwick Boseman Was Nate On Lincoln Heights |url=https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/chadwick-boseman-lincoln-heights-153754/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625023825/https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/chadwick-boseman-lincoln-heights-153754 |archive-date=June 25, 2018 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=Life & Style}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Lie to Me]]''<br />
| Cabe McNeil<br />
| Episode: "Truth or Consequences"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Noel |date=October 5, 2009 |title=Lie To Me: "Truth Or Consequences" |url=https://tv.avclub.com/lie-to-me-truth-or-consequences-1798207135 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116140415/https://tv.avclub.com/lie-to-me-truth-or-consequences-1798207135 |archive-date=November 16, 2019 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Persons Unknown (TV series)|Persons Unknown]]''<br />
| Sergeant McNair<br />
| Main role; 13 episodes<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="THR" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[The Glades (TV series)|The Glades]]''<br />
| Michael Richmond<br />
| Episode: "Honey"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Glades – S1 – Episode 9: Honey |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/q7tp8/the-glades--series-1---9-honey/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324224632/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/q7tp8/the-glades--series-1---9-honey/ |archive-date=March 24, 2021 |access-date=March 24, 2021 |website=Radio Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2020 |title='Black Panther' star Chadwick Boseman dead at 43 |url=https://blackburnnews.com/london/london-news/2020/08/28/black-panther-star-chadwick-boseman-dead-43/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829075654/https://blackburnnews.com/london/london-news/2020/08/28/black-panther-star-chadwick-boseman-dead-43/ |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=BlackburnNews}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Castle (TV series)|Castle]]''<br />
| Chuck Russell<br />
| Episode: "Poof, You're Dead"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="THR" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Detroit 1-8-7]]''<br />
| Tommy Westin<br />
| Episode: "Beaten/Cover Letter"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=TV News Desk |title=DETROIT 1-8-7 Preview: February 1 on ABC |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/DETROIT-187-Preview-February-1-on-ABC-20010101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829041830/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/DETROIT-187-Preview-February-1-on-ABC-20010101 |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[BroadwayWorld]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Justified (TV series)|Justified]]''<br />
| Ralph Beeman<br />
| Episode: "For Blood or Money"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="THR" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Fringe (TV series)|Fringe]]''<br />
| Mark Little / Cameron James<br />
| Episode: "[[Subject 9]]"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Noel |date=October 14, 2011 |title=Fringe: "Subject 9" |url=https://tv.avclub.com/fringe-subject-9-1798170027 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116060143/https://tv.avclub.com/fringe-subject-9-1798170027 |archive-date=November 16, 2019 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''<br />
| Himself (host)<br />
| Episode: "Chadwick Boseman/[[Cardi B]]"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holub |first=Christian |date=April 8, 2018 |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Black Panther comes to 30 Rock |url=https://ew.com/recap/saturday-night-live-season-43-episode-17/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213234812/https://ew.com/recap/saturday-night-live-season-43-episode-17/ |archive-date=December 13, 2019 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |language=EN}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'' <br />
| T'Challa / [[Star-Lord]] (voice)<br />
| 4 episodes; posthumous release<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="whatifrole">{{Cite web |last=Salazar |first=Andrew J. |date=September 6, 2019 |title='What If...?' Showrunner Ashley Bradley Talks 'Trollhunters', The Beginning Of 'What If…?', Captain Carter, The Watcher & Star-Lord T'Challa (Exclusive) |url=https://discussingfilm.net/2019/09/06/5806/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922193119/https://discussingfilm.net/2019/09/06/5806/ |archive-date=September 22, 2019 |access-date=September 27, 2019 |website=Discussing Film}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bonomolo|first=Cameron|date=2021-08-02|title=Marvel’s What If: Chadwick Boseman Voices T’Challa in Four Episodes (Exclusive)|url=https://comicbook.com/tv-shows/news/marvel-what-if-chadwick-boseman-four-episodes-tchalla-star-lord-producer-brad-winderbaum/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-02|website=ComicBook|language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===As director===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
! scope="row" | ''Blood Over a Broken Pawn''<br />
| Short film<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=Michigan/><br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
! scope="row" | ''Heaven''<br />
| Short film<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=heaven/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Playwright==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1993<br />
! scope="row" | ''Crossroads''<br />
| [[Playwright]]<br />
| Unproduced College play<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="rollstone" /><br />
|-<br />
| 1997–2000<br />
! scope="row" | ''Rhyme Deferred''<br />
| Co-writer<br />Performer<br />
| Part of the Hip Hop Theatre Anthology ''The Fire This Time''<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Forbes |first=Kamilah |date=September 3, 2020 |title=You Knew That Black People Are Divine |url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2020/09/03/you-knew-that-black-people-are-divine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928192051/https://www.americantheatre.org/2020/09/03/you-knew-that-black-people-are-divine/ |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |access-date=March 24, 2021 |website=American Theatre}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
! scope="row" | ''Hieroglyphic Graffiti''<br />
| Playwright<br />
| Produced at Negro Playwright's Theatre<br />[[Kuntu Repertory Theatre]]<br />[[National Black Theatre Festival]]<br />Hip Hop Theatre Festival<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=2002pittnews/><br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Deep Azure]]''<br />
| Playwright<br />
| Produced by Congo Square Theatre Company<br />Work-shopped at the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]]<br />[[Apollo Theater]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=Michigan/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honors==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chadwick Boseman}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Honorary degrees<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Location<br />
! scope="col" | Date<br />
! scope="col" | School<br />
! scope="col" | Degree<br />
|-<br />
| {{Flagu|District of Columbia}}<br />
| May 12, 2018<br />
| [[Howard University]]<br />
| [[Doctor of Humane Letters]] (DHL)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Howard University Commencement Honorary Degree Recipients 2018 |url=https://www2.howard.edu/about/president/statements/commencement-honorary-degree-recipients |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831012119/https://www2.howard.edu/about/president/statements/commencement-honorary-degree-recipients |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* Boseman gave the commencement address at [[Howard University]] on May 12, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Howard University Alumnus Chadwick Boseman to Deliver 2018 Commencement Address |url=https://newsroom.howard.edu/newsroom/article/8236/howard-university-alumnus-chadwick-boseman-deliver-2018-commencement-address-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829035755/https://newsroom.howard.edu/newsroom/article/8236/howard-university-alumnus-chadwick-boseman-deliver-2018-commencement-address-2 |archive-date=August 29, 2020 |access-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of black Academy Award winners and nominees]]<br />
*[[List of black Golden Globe Award winners and nominees]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="DeadlineFeb2013">{{Cite web |last=Yamato |first=Jenn |date=February 14, 2013 |title=Indie Vendetta Pic With Parallels To Christopher Dorner Saga Gets Release Date |url=https://deadline.com/2013/02/kill-hole-march-release-date-chadwick-boseman-430766/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623184737/http://deadline.com/2013/02/kill-hole-march-release-date-chadwick-boseman-430766/ |archive-date=June 23, 2015 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="TimeFeb2013">{{Cite web |last=Gregory |first=Sean |date=February 21, 2013 |title=Going Places With Chadwick Boseman |url=http://style.time.com/2013/02/21/going-places-with-chadwick-boseman/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302113102/http://style.time.com/2013/02/21/going-places-with-chadwick-boseman/ |archive-date=March 2, 2016 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="FlauntApril2013">{{Cite web |last=Herndon |first=Jessica |date=April 8, 2013 |title=Chadwick Boseman: The Distinguished Rise of Cinema's Next Champion |url=http://flaunt.com/people/chadwick-boseman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218090256/http://www.flaunt.com/content/people/chadwick-boseman |archive-date=February 18, 2018 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[Flaunt (magazine)|Flaunt]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="WashingtonPostApril2013">{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Mark |date=April 11, 2013 |title=Jackie Robinson film '42' opens, starring Howard graduate Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/jackie-robinson-film-42-opens-starring-howard-graduate-chadwick-boseman/2013/04/11/dbdc8664-9e02-11e2-a941-a19bce7af755_story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605020012/https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/jackie-robinson-film-42-opens-starring-howard-graduate-chadwick-boseman/2013/04/11/dbdc8664-9e02-11e2-a941-a19bce7af755_story.html |archive-date=June 5, 2016 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="VanityFairApril2013">{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=April 12, 2013 |title='42' Star Chadwick Boseman on Playing Jackie Robinson, Copying His Baseball Moves, and Being Stood Up by the President |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2013/04/chadwick-boseman-42-interview |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412224106/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2013/04/chadwick-boseman-42-interview |archive-date=April 12, 2015 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="DeadlineJan2014">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=January 30, 2014 |title=Chadwick Boseman Set For Summit's 'Gods Of Egypt' |url=https://deadline.com/2014/01/chadwick-boseman-gods-of-egypt-casting-thoth-674211/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925012508/http://deadline.com/2014/01/chadwick-boseman-gods-of-egypt-casting-thoth-674211/ |archive-date=September 25, 2017 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="MoviefoneApril2014">{{Cite web |last=Kaye |first=Don |date=April 11, 2014 |title=Chadwick Boseman on 'Draft Day,' Sports Legends, and Becoming James Brown |url=http://news.moviefone.com/2014/04/11/chadwick-boseman-draft-day-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108141259/http://news.moviefone.com/2014/04/11/chadwick-boseman-draft-day-interview/ |archive-date=January 8, 2015 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Moviefone]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="MichiganChronicleAug2014">{{Cite web |last=Holsey |first=Steve |date=August 6, 2014 |title=Star On The Rise: Chadwick Boseman |url=http://michronicleonline.com/2014/08/06/star-on-the-rise-chadwick-boseman/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804131511/http://michronicleonline.com/2014/08/06/star-on-the-rise-chadwick-boseman/ |archive-date=August 4, 2015 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[Michigan Chronicle]] |location=Detroit, Michigan}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="GQSep2014">{{Cite web |last=Riley |first=Daniel |date=September 2014 |title=The Surprisingly Sudden Arrival of Chadwick Boseman |url=https://www.gq.com/entertainment/celebrities/201410/chadwick-boseman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218065325/https://www.gq.com/story/chadwick-boseman |archive-date=February 18, 2018 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[GQ]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="MarvelOct2014">{{Cite web |last=Strom |first=Marc |date=October 28, 2014 |title=Chadwick Boseman to Star in Marvel's Black Panther |url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/23548/chadwick_boseman_to_star_in_marvels_black_panther |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028201432/http://marvel.com/news/movies/23548/chadwick_boseman_to_star_in_marvels_black_panther |archive-date=October 28, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2014 |publisher=Marvel Entertainment}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="WashingtonPostOct2014">{{Cite web |last=McDonald |first=Soraya Nadia |date=October 29, 2014 |title=Everything you need to know about Chadwick Boseman — Marvel's new superhero, Black Panther |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/10/29/everything-you-need-to-know-about-chadwick-boseman-marvels-new-superhero-black-panther/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810131912/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/10/29/everything-you-need-to-know-about-chadwick-boseman-marvels-new-superhero-black-panther/ |archive-date=August 10, 2016 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=The Washington Post}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="GuardianNov2014">{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Steve |date=November 20, 2014 |title=I got the feelin' – Chadwick Boseman on playing James Brown |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/nov/20/james-brown-chadwick-boseman-get-on-up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612113148/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/nov/20/james-brown-chadwick-boseman-get-on-up |archive-date=June 12, 2017 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |website=[[The Guardian]] |location=UK}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="MarvelFeb2015">{{Cite web |last=Strom |first=Marc |date=February 10, 2015 |title=Marvel Studios Schedules New Release Dates for 4 Films |url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/24065/marvel_studios_schedules_new_release_dates_for_4_films |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213010327/http://marvel.com/news/movies/24065/marvel_studios_schedules_new_release_dates_for_4_films |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=February 9, 2015 |publisher=Marvel Entertainment}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name="nyt obit">{{Cite news |last=Ugwu |first=Reggie |last2=Levenson |first2=Michael |date=August 28, 2020 |title='Black Panther' Star Chadwick Boseman Dies of Cancer at 43 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/28/movies/chadwick-boseman-dead.html |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=August 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829052006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/28/movies/chadwick-boseman-dead.html |archive-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{wikiquote}}<br />
{{Commons category|Chadwick Boseman}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|1569276}}<br />
* {{Twitter|chadwickboseman}}<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Chadwick Boseman|Awards for Chadwick Boseman]]<br />
|list = <br />
{{AACTA International Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{BET Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Actor in a Movie}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Hero}}<br />
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture}}<br />
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward MaleLeadMotionPicture}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boseman, Chadwick}}<br />
[[Category:1976 births]]<br />
[[Category:2020 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:African-American Christians]]<br />
[[Category:African-American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Age controversies]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the British American Drama Academy]]<br />
[[Category:American male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male voice actors]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Nigerian descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Sierra Leonean descent]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:California Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer]]<br />
[[Category:Howard University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from New York City]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from South Carolina]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Anderson, South Carolina]]<br />
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]<br />
[[Category:South Carolina Democrats]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amber_Heard&diff=138635Amber Heard2021-08-20T16:51:04Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|American actress}} {{pp-blp|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=May 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox person | image = Ambe..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|American actress}}<br />
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| image = Amber Heard (43723454772).jpg<br />
| name = Amber Heard<br />
| caption = Heard at the 2018 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]<br />
| birth_name = Amber Laura Heard<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|4|22|mf=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Austin, Texas]], U.S.<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| years_active = 2003–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Johnny Depp]]|2015|2017|reason=divorced}}<br />
| other_names = Amber Laura Depp<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/celebrity/johnny-depp-amber-heard-actors-lawyer-seeks-to-bar-witnesses-from-testifying/|title=Johnny Depp's Lawyer Asks Judge to Prevent Amber Heard Witnesses from Testifying at Restraining Order Hearing|work=People|last=Loinaz|first=Alexis|date=June 15, 2016}}</ref><br />
| partner = [[Tasya van Ree]] <br/> (2008–2012)<br />
| children = 1<br />
}}<br />
'''Amber Laura Heard''' (born April 22, 1986) is an American film and television actress. After a series of small roles in film and television, Heard had her first starring role in the horror film ''[[All the Boys Love Mandy Lane]]'' (2006). She first gained mainstream recognition for supporting roles in the action film ''[[Never Back Down]]'' (2008) and the comedy ''[[Pineapple Express (film)|Pineapple Express]]'' (2008). In the following years, she appeared in films such as ''[[The Joneses]]'' (2009), ''[[The Ward (film)|The Ward]]'' (2010), ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary]]'' (2011), ''[[Drive Angry]]'' (2011), ''[[Machete Kills]]'' (2013) and ''[[Magic Mike XXL]]'' (2015).<br />
<br />
In 2017, Heard joined the [[DC Extended Universe]] to play [[Atlantis (Aquaman)|Atlantean]] queen [[Mera (comics)|Mera]] in superhero films ''[[Justice League (film)|Justice League]]'' (2017), ''[[Aquaman (film)|Aquaman]]'' (2018), and ''[[Zack Snyder's Justice League]]'' (2021). In addition to acting, Heard has been a global spokesperson for the cosmetics giant [[L'Oréal Paris]] since 2018. She also engages in human rights activism.<br />
<br />
Heard was married to actor [[Johnny Depp]] from 2015 to 2017. Their divorce drew significant media attention as she alleged that he had been abusive through most of their relationship. He then sued her for [[United States defamation law|defamation]] in 2019 after Heard wrote an [[op-ed]] discussing being a public victim of domestic violence. He also sued the publishers of ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' in [[Depp v News Group Newspapers Ltd|a related libel suit]] in England. In 2020, the [[High Court of Justice]] of England and Wales ruled that Depp had lost his libel case and that the majority of Heard's allegations had been proven to a civil standard.<ref name="guardiannovembersecond" /><ref name="BBCnovembersecond" /><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Heard was born in [[Austin, Texas]], to Patricia Paige (''née'' Parsons), an internet researcher (1956–2020), and David Clinton Heard (born 1950), who owned a small construction company.<ref name=wonderland>{{cite web|url=https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2019/04/02/amber-heard-spring-19-interview/|title=Amber Heard on her position as a Hollywood voice for justice|work=Wonderland|first=Eve|last=Barlow|date=April 2, 2019|access-date=May 26, 2019|archive-date=May 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526113949/https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2019/04/02/amber-heard-spring-19-interview/|url-status=live}}</ref> She has a younger sister, Whitney.<ref name=THRDec2018>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/amber-heard-aquaman-elon-musk-dedication-activism-1166004|title=Amber Heard on 'Aquaman', Elon Musk, Dedication to Activism|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Tatiana|last=Siegel|date=December 6, 2018|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=December 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206185106/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/amber-heard-aquaman-elon-musk-dedication-activism-1166004|url-status=live}}</ref> The family lived outside Austin.<ref name=glamour2018>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.glamour.com/story/amber-heard-january-2018-cover-story|title=Amber Heard Is Nobody's Victim|magazine=Glamour|first=Phoebe|last=Reilly|access-date=April 19, 2019|date=November 27, 2018|archive-date=February 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222183403/https://www.glamour.com/story/amber-heard-january-2018-cover-story|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard's father broke horses in his free time, and she grew up riding horses, hunting, and fishing with him.<ref name=glamour2018/> She also participated in beauty pageants, although as an adult she has said that she can no longer "support the objectification".<ref name=glamour2018/><ref name="AH will be heard">{{cite news|first=William|last=Keck|title=Amber Heard will be heard|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2007-05-29-amber-heard_N.htm|work=[[USA Today]]|location=Mclean, Virginia|date=May 30, 2007|access-date=August 24, 2017|archive-date=June 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203153/http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2007-05-29-amber-heard_N.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the age of 17, Heard no longer felt comfortable in "conservative, God-fearin’ Texas"<ref name=glamour2018/> and dropped out of her Catholic high school to pursue an acting career in Los Angeles.<ref name=wonderland/><ref name=THRDec2018/> She eventually earned a diploma through a home-study course.<ref name="AH will be heard" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
===2003–2007: Early roles===<br />
Heard's earliest acting work included appearances in two music videos, [[Kenny Chesney]]'s "[[There Goes My Life]]" and [[Eisley]]'s "I Wasn't Prepared", and small supporting roles in the television series ''[[Jack & Bobby]]'' (2004), ''[[The Mountain (TV series)|The Mountain]]'' (2004), and ''[[The O.C.]]'' (2005). She made her film debut in a minor role in the sports drama ''[[Friday Night Lights (film)|Friday Night Lights]]'' (2004), followed by brief supporting roles in films such as ''[[Drop Dead Sexy]]'' (2005), ''[[North Country (film)|North Country]]'' (2005), ''Side FX'' (2005), ''Price to Pay'' (2006), ''[[Alpha Dog]]'' (2006), and ''[[Spin (2007 film)|Spin]]'' (2007), and a guest starring spot in an episode of the [[police procedural]] ''[[Criminal Minds]]''. Heard received her first leading role in the unconventional [[slasher film]] ''[[All the Boys Love Mandy Lane]]'', which premiered at the [[2006 Toronto International Film Festival]], but was not released in Europe until 2008 and in the US until 2013 due to distribution problems.<ref>{{cite web|title=After Seven Years, All the Boys Love Mandy Lane is Coming to US Theaters|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=101303|work=[[ComingSoon.net]]|publisher=[[CraveOnline]]|date=March 8, 2013|access-date=March 8, 2013|archive-date=March 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311000859/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=101303|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/all-the-boys-love-mandy-lane-finally-set-for-release-revisit-an-old-trailer/|work=Slash Film|title=All the Boys Love Mandy Lane finally set for release date|access-date=August 25, 2013|archive-date=August 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811075604/http://www.slashfilm.com/all-the-boys-love-mandy-lane-finally-set-for-release-revisit-an-old-trailer/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmschoolrejects.com/news/all-the-boys-love-mandy-lane-trailer.php|work=Film School Rejects|title='All the Boys Love Mandy Lane' Trailer Finally Debuts After Seven Years|last=Wilson|first=Samantha|date=August 23, 2013|access-date=August 25, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828204803/http://www.filmschoolrejects.com/news/all-the-boys-love-mandy-lane-trailer.php|archive-date=August 28, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2007, Heard played the love interest of the main character in [[The CW]]'s teen drama ''[[Hidden Palms]]'', which the network wanted to replace summer reruns of other series aimed for teenage audiences. The series premiered in the US in May 2007 to mixed reviews and poor ratings, leading the CW to air only eight of the planned 12 episodes before canceling it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/shows/hiddenpalms|title=Hidden Palms|access-date=April 17, 2020|archive-date=December 12, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212030745/http://www.metacritic.com/tv/shows/hiddenpalms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nashvillecitypaper.com/index.cfm?section=12&screen=news&news_id=56707 "Hidden Palms" Accelerates Its Final Episodes]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''The City Paper'', June 18, 2007</ref> The same year, Heard also appeared in the short movie ''Day 73 with Sarah'',<ref>{{cite news|title=Day 73 With Sarah (2007)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/391074/Day-73-With-Sarah/overview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019232824/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/391074/Day-73-With-Sarah/overview|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 19, 2014|access-date=October 11, 2014|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=[[Baseline (database)|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide]]|year=2014|author=Jason Buchanan}}</ref> in the teen drama ''[[Remember the Daze]]'', and in an episode of the [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] series ''[[Californication (TV series)|Californication]]''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Pete|last=Debruge|title=Review: 'Remember the Daze'|url=https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/remember-the-daze-1200558085/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|location=Los Angeles, California|date=July 5, 2007|access-date=October 11, 2014|archive-date=August 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814234611/https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/remember-the-daze-1200558085/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2008–2016: Mainstream recognition===<br />
[[File:AmberHeard09TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Heard at the [[2009 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
Heard gained moderate mainstream recognition in 2008<ref>{{cite web|title=Amber Heard: 'I'm good at getting people to believe in the villainous woman character'|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amber-heard-im-good-at-getting-people-to-believe-in-the-villainous-woman-character/article33501342.ece/amp/|website=The Hindu|first=Gautam|last=Sunder|access-date=March 11, 2021|date=January 5, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204161312/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amber-heard-im-good-at-getting-people-to-believe-in-the-villainous-woman-character/article33501342.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amber Heard: The interview|url=http://www.fhm.com/girls/amber-heard-the-interview-20081007|website=FHM|access-date=October 11, 2014|date=October 7, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017011920/http://www.fhm.com/girls/amber-heard-the-interview-20081007|archive-date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> with supporting roles in the [[Judd Apatow]]-produced [[stoner film|stoner comedy]] ''[[Pineapple Express (film)|Pineapple Express]]'' and the martial arts drama ''[[Never Back Down]]'', both of which were box office successes. She also appeared as part of an ensemble cast in an adaptation of [[Bret Easton Ellis]]' novel ''[[The Informers (2008 film)|The Informers]]'' (2008), but the film was a critical failure.<ref name="Frost">{{cite web|author1=Frosty|title=Amber Heard Exclusive Video Interview – NEVER BACK DOWN|url=https://collider.com/movie/article.asp/aid/7229/tcid/1|website=Collider.com|publisher=Collider.com|access-date=October 11, 2014|date=March 10, 2008|archive-date=October 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018230026/http://collider.com/movie/article.asp/aid/7229/tcid/1|url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, Heard starred in ''[[The Joneses]]'' (2009) opposite [[David Duchovny]]&nbsp;and [[Demi Moore]]; ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote that Heard "steals the show" from Moore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2009/film/reviews/the-joneses-1200476211/|title=The Joneses Review|work=Variety |access-date=February 6, 2012 |archive-date=September 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924110053/https://variety.com/2009/film/reviews/the-joneses-1200476211/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Outside a brief appearance in the box office hit ''[[Zombieland]]'' (2009), Heard's other films during this time were either independent films that received only limited theatrical release —''[[ExTerminators (film)|ExTerminators]]'' (2009), ''[[The River Why (film)|The River Why]]'' (2010), ''[[And Soon the Darkness (2010 film)|And Soon the Darkness]]'' (2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fangoria.com/features/21-fearful-features/4303-amber-heard-in-step-with-the-horror-genre.html|title=Amber Heard: In STEP With the Horror Genre|access-date=October 15, 2009|archive-date=October 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019061434/http://www.fangoria.com/features/21-fearful-features/4303-amber-heard-in-step-with-the-horror-genre.html|url-status=live}}</ref>— or critically panned horror films —''[[The Stepfather (2009 film)|The Stepfather]]'' (2009), ''[[The Ward (film)|The Ward]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/2019/05/13/cinemas/cinemas/john-carpenter-ah-bon-cannes-est-le-temple-de-lauteurisme/|title=John Carpenter : "Ah bon, Cannes est le temple de l'auteurisme ?!" (in French)|magazine=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]|access-date=July 18, 2019|archive-date=July 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718183241/https://www.lesinrocks.com/2019/05/13/cinemas/cinemas/john-carpenter-ah-bon-cannes-est-le-temple-de-lauteurisme/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Heard's first film release in 2011 was ''[[Drive Angry]]'', a supernatural action thriller in which she was paired with [[Nicolas Cage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/35744/william-fichtner-and-amber-heard-ready-drive-angry|title=William Fichtner and Amber Heard Ready to Drive Angry?|publisher=Dreadcentral.com|date=February 5, 2010 |access-date=February 6, 2012 |archive-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019142624/http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/35744/william-fichtner-and-amber-heard-ready-drive-angry |url-status=live}}</ref> The film received mainly bad reviews<ref>{{cite web|title=Drive Angry|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/drive_angry|website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=January 15, 2019|language=en |archive-date=May 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503013214/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/drive_angry |url-status=live}}</ref> and underperformed commercially,<ref name="Nikki Finke">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.deadline.com/2011/02/hall-pass-weak-1-unknown-holds-2-drive-angry-3d-tanks-at-9-oscar-fave-kings-speech-rises-in-week-14|title='Gnomes' No. 1 In Third Week Of Release; 'Hall Pass' Drops To #2; 'Drive Angry' #9; Oscars Fave 'King's Speech' Doesn't Stutter|author=Nikki Finke|work=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=April 17, 2020|archive-date=October 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009120637/http://www.deadline.com/2011/02/hall-pass-weak-1-unknown-holds-2-drive-angry-3d-tanks-at-9-oscar-fave-kings-speech-rises-in-week-14/|url-status=live}}</ref> but film critic [[Roger Ebert]] wrote that she "does everything that can possibly be done" with her character, a waitress who becomes entangled in an undead man's mission to save his daughter from a cult.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/drive-angry-3d-2011|last=Ebert|first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert|date=February 24, 2011|title=Drive Angry Movie Review |access-date=December 8, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809142938/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/drive-angry-3d-2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2011, Heard also appeared on the British television program ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amber Heard|url=http://www.tatler.com/the-tatler-list/h/amber-heard|publisher=tatler.com|access-date=June 5, 2013|archive-date=May 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513170828/http://www.tatler.com/the-tatler-list/h/amber-heard|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard next starred in [[NBC]]'s ''[[The Playboy Club]]'', a crime drama series about the original [[Playboy Club]] in 1960s [[Chicago]]. After poor reviews and ratings as well as protests from both feminists<ref>{{cite news|last=Fernandez|first=Sofia M.|title='Playboy Club': Gloria Steinem Advocates Boycott of NBC Series|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 9, 2011|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/playboy-club-gloria-steinem-advocates-220996 |access-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/62FGlGDoK?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/playboy-club-gloria-steinem-advocates-220996 |archive-date=October 7, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>&nbsp;and conservative groups,<ref name="UPI0402">{{cite news|title=Parents group objects to skin in NBC pilot|agency=[[United Press International]]|date=April 2, 2011|url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/TV/2011/04/02/Parents-group-objects-to-skin-in-NBC-pilot/UPI-82071301765929 |access-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/62SxlXeFd?url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/TV/2011/04/02/Parents-group-objects-to-skin-in-NBC-pilot/UPI-82071301765929 |archive-date=October 16, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the series was canceled after only three episodes had aired.<ref name="Goldberg1004">{{cite news|title=NBC Cancels 'The Playboy Club'|last1=Goldberg|first1=Lesley|first2=Philiana|last2=Ng|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=October 4, 2011|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/nbc-cancels-playboy-club-brian-williams-rock-center-241714 |access-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/62UCHTfNH?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/nbc-cancels-playboy-club-brian-williams-rock-center-241714 |archive-date=October 16, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Heard's third role of 2011 was as the love interest of the main character, played by [[Johnny Depp]], in the [[Hunter S. Thompson]] adaptation ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary]]'' (2011). The film was not a commercial success,<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rumdiary.htm|title=The Rum Diary (2011)|work=[[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date=November 1, 2011 | archive-date=November 5, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105000254/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rumdiary.htm | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/10/box-office-puss-in-boots-in-time-rum-diary.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Puss in Boots' to stomp on competition|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=October 27, 2011 | access-date=October 27, 2011 | archive-date=June 21, 2012 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68ZnHH20u?url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/10/box-office-puss-in-boots-in-time-rum-diary.html | url-status=live}}</ref> and received mixed reviews,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/The-Rum-Diary/|title=The Rum Diary (2011)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Flixster]]| access-date = November 7, 2011| archive-date = November 6, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106095306/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/The-Rum-Diary/| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-rum-diary|title=The Rum Diary Reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]| access-date = November 7, 2011| archive-date = November 10, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110174031/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-rum-diary| url-status = live}}</ref> with Heard's part considered underdeveloped.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2011/10/hamptons-review-rum-diary-johnny-depps-homage-to-hunter-s-thompson-is-flawed-but-earnest-51634/|title=HAMPTONS REVIEW: "Rum Diary," Johnny Depp's Homage to Hunter S. Thompson, is Flawed But Earnest|last=Kohn|first=Eric|work=Indiewire|date=October 16, 2011 | access-date=October 27, 2011 | archive-date=December 3, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203204053/http://www.indiewire.com/2011/10/hamptons-review-rum-diary-johnny-depps-homage-to-hunter-s-thompson-is-flawed-but-earnest-51634/ | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/10/27/141649213/rum-diary-drinks-and-deadlines-in-the-tropics|title='Rum Diary': Drinks And Deadlines, In The Tropics|last=Jenkins|first=Mark|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=October 27, 2011 | access-date=October 27, 2011 | archive-date=October 28, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028102627/http://www.npr.org/2011/10/27/141649213/rum-diary-drinks-and-deadlines-in-the-tropics | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/reviews/The-Rum-Diary-5526.html|title=Rum Diary|last=Tyler|first=Josh|work=Cinemablend|date=May 27, 2011 | access-date=October 27, 2011 | archive-date=October 29, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029152836/http://www.cinemablend.com/reviews/The-Rum-Diary-5526.html | url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, Heard also appeared in an advertisement campaign for the fashion brand [[Guess (clothing)|Guess]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.glamour.com/story/exclusive-actress-amber-heard|publisher=Glamour|first=Megan|last=Gustavshaw|date=July 12, 2011|title=Exclusive: Actress Amber Heard, The New Face Of Guess, Dishes On Denim! |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=January 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131174148/https://www.glamour.com/story/exclusive-actress-amber-heard |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwd.com/business-news/marketing-promotion/amber-heard-channels-westerns-in-guess-ads-3639047/|work=[[Women's Wear Daily]]|date=July 2011|title=Amber Heard Channels Westerns in Guess Ads |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204215043/https://wwd.com/business-news/marketing-promotion/amber-heard-channels-westerns-in-guess-ads-3639047/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
[[File:Amber Heard 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|Heard at the premiere of ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary]]'' (2011)]]<br />
<br />
Heard next starred in the thriller ''[[Paranoia (2013 film)|Paranoia]]'' (2013), the exploitation film ''[[Machete Kills]]'' (2013) and the satire ''[[Syrup (film)|Syrup]]'' (2013), none of which were critical or commercial successes. The year also saw the US limited release of ''All the Boys Mandy Lane''. Although the film's reviews were overall mixed to negative, Heard's performance was called her "most definitive to date" by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-all-the-boys-review-20131011,0,6522321.story|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=October 10, 2013|access-date=October 24, 2013|last=Olsen|first=Mark|title=Movie review: 'All the Boys Love Mandy Lane' a spellbinding thriller|archive-date=October 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023000531/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-all-the-boys-review-20131011,0,6522321.story|url-status=live}}</ref> and "psychologically interesting" by ''[[The Washington Post]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/all-the-boys-love-mandy-lane-movie-review/2013/11/20/d60bd8a8-4d56-11e3-be6b-d3d28122e6d4_story.html|work=The Washington Post|title='All the Boys Love Mandy Lane' movie review|first=Michael|last=O'Sullivan|date=November 21, 2013|access-date=December 10, 2013|archive-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225075156/https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/all-the-boys-love-mandy-lane-movie-review/2013/11/20/d60bd8a8-4d56-11e3-be6b-d3d28122e6d4_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, Heard appeared in a supporting role in the commercially successful action-thriller ''[[3 Days to Kill]]''.<br />
<br />
In 2015, Heard had a prominent supporting role in the comedy-drama ''[[Magic Mike XXL]]'', playing the love interest of the film's protagonist, [[Channing Tatum]].<ref name=independent>{{cite news|title=Amber Heard Interview:The Danish Girl star on sexism, transgenderism and marriage to Johnny Depp|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/amber-heard-the-star-of-the-danish-girl-on-sexism-transgenderism-and-her-marriage-to-johnny-depp-a6792691.html|work=[[The Independent]]|first=James|last=Mottram|date=January 1, 2015|access-date=April 18, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924114509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/amber-heard-the-star-of-the-danish-girl-on-sexism-transgenderism-and-her-marriage-to-johnny-depp-a6792691.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Like its [[Magic Mike|predecessor]], the film was a large box office success.<ref>{{cite news|title=Amber Heard To Co-Star In 'Magic Mike 2'|url=https://deadline.com/2014/09/amber-heard-magic-mike-2-co-star-cast-836817/|access-date=September 20, 2014|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=September 19, 2014|archive-date=September 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921125954/http://deadline.com/2014/09/amber-heard-magic-mike-2-co-star-cast-836817/|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard also had a small supporting role in [[Tom Hooper]]'s period drama ''[[The Danish Girl (film)|The Danish Girl]]'' (2015),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/venice-review-tom-hoopers-the-danish-girl-with-eddie-redmayne-alicia-vikander-20150905|title=Venice Review: Tom Hooper's 'The Danish Girl' With Eddie Redmayne & Alicia|work=[[Indiewire]]|last=Kiang|first=Jessica|date=September 5, 2015|access-date=September 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907220149/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/venice-review-tom-hoopers-the-danish-girl-with-eddie-redmayne-alicia-vikander-20150905|archive-date=September 7, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/eddie-redmayne-danish-girl-1201446329/|title=Eddie Redmayne's 'Danish Girl' Set for Nov. 27|last=McNary|first=Dave|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=March 4, 2015|access-date=March 21, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924110108/https://variety.com/2015/film/news/eddie-redmayne-danish-girl-1201446329/|url-status=live}}</ref> and a starring role opposite [[James Franco]] and [[Ed Harris]] in the independent crime thriller ''[[The Adderall Diaries (film)|The Adderall Diaries]]'' (2015). Although reviews for the latter were generally negative, [[Indiewire]] stated that although Heard was "miscast", she "displays much potential and has succeeded in a bid to be taken more seriously."<ref>{{cite news|title=The Adderall Diaries review|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/tribeca-review-james-franco-embraces-masochism-in-tone-deaf-the-adderall-diaries-20150417|work=Indiewire|access-date=April 18, 2015|archive-date=April 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418115212/http://www.indiewire.com/article/tribeca-review-james-franco-embraces-masochism-in-tone-deaf-the-adderall-diaries-20150417|url-status=live}}</ref> Her fourth role in 2015 was opposite [[Christopher Walken]] in the television film ''[[When I Live My Life Over Again|One More Time]]'', which aired on [[Starz]]. For her role as a struggling singer-songwriter, she took singing lessons and learned to play piano and guitar.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Christopher Walken, Amber Heard Sing and Strum in 'When I Live My Life Over Again'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/christopher-walken-amber-heard-sing-786065|magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=April 21, 2015|archive-date=April 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417143250/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/christopher-walken-amber-heard-sing-786065|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''Los Angeles Times'' called her performance "superb" and ''The Film Stage'' stated that Heard did an "admirable job".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/reviews/la-et-mn-mini-one-more-time-review-20160408-story.html|title='One More Time' with Christopher Walken plays a simple tune|last=Goldstein|first=Gary|date=April 7, 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=April 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418065533/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/reviews/la-et-mn-mini-one-more-time-review-20160408-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefilmstage.com/reviews/review-one-more-time/|title=[Review] One More Time|work=The Film Stage|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=July 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715202619/https://thefilmstage.com/reviews/review-one-more-time/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to her other roles in 2015, Heard played the female lead in ''[[London Fields (film)|London Fields]]'', an adaptation of [[Martin Amis]]' novel about a clairvoyant who knows she will be murdered. After its press premiere at the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]],&nbsp;Heard's performance received highly negative reviews,<ref name="Daily Telegraph September 17, 2015">{{cite news|last=Mulkerrins|first=Jane|title=London Fields review: 'a cartoonish mess'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/london-fields/toronto-review/|date=September 17, 2015|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |access-date= March 9, 2016 |archive-date= May 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520061330/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/london-fields/toronto-review/ |url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="The Independent September 17, 2015">{{cite news|last=Aftab|first=Kaleem|title=London Fields, Toronto Film Festival, review: Dystopian drama is no field day to watch|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/london-fields-toronto-film-festival-review-dystopian-drama-is-no-field-day-to-watch-10506735.html|date=September 17, 2015|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|location=London |access-date= March 9, 2016 |archive-date= April 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421125558/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/london-fields-toronto-film-festival-review-dystopian-drama-is-no-field-day-to-watch-10506735.html |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/london-fields-tiff-review-824093|title=London Fields: TIFF review|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=September 17, 2015 |access-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-date=October 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002094817/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/london-fields-tiff-review-824093 |url-status=live}}</ref> and she later stated that "it was one of the most difficult movies to film and it has proven to continue to be difficult...I can't say I did her [the character] justice."<ref name=independent/> Shortly after the initial screening, the film was pulled from release due to disagreements between its director and producers, and due to litigation{{efn|In November 2016, Heard was sued by the film's producers for $10&nbsp;million for allegedly making unauthorized changes to the film's script with Cullen and for failing to finish voice-over work.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gardner|first=Eriq|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/amber-heard-sued-by-london-fields-producer-949623|title=Amber Heard Sued Over Alleged Conspiracy to Undermine 'London Fields'|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=November 21, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016 |archive-date=November 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124074742/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/amber-heard-sued-by-london-fields-producer-949623 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pederson|first=Erik|url=https://deadline.com/2016/11/amber-heard-sued-london-fields-failure-to-promote-film-1201858278/|title=Amber Heard Sued For $10M As 'London Fields' Flap Heats Up Again|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=November 21, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016 |archive-date=November 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128050834/http://deadline.com/2016/11/amber-heard-sued-london-fields-failure-to-promote-film-1201858278/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maddaus|first=Gene|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/amber-heard-sued-london-fields-1201923607/|title='London Fields' Producers Sue Amber Heard for $10 Million|work=Variety|date=November 21, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016 |archive-date=November 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126190012/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/amber-heard-sued-london-fields-1201923607/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Heard countersued, claiming the producers had violated a nudity clause in her contract.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/amber-heard-countersues-producer-of-london-fields-35584755.html|title=Amber Heard countersues producer of London Fields|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|date=April 1, 2017 |access-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-date=April 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402081301/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/amber-heard-countersues-producer-of-london-fields-35584755.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2018, a settlement was reached between Heard and the producers.<ref name="variety-settlement">{{cite web|last=Maddus|first=Gene|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/london-fields-producers-amber-heard-settlement-1202927600/|title='London Fields' Producers Reach Settlement With Amber Heard|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905203906/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/london-fields-producers-amber-heard-settlement-1202927600/ |url-status=live}}</ref>}} was not released until 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/sandra-bullocks-our-brand-tom-hiddlestons-i-saw-the-light-to-premiere-at-toronto-1201572271/|title=Sandra Bullock's 'Our Brand Is Crisis,' Robert Redford's 'Truth' to Premiere at Toronto |access-date=August 18, 2015|work=Variety |archive-date=August 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819112923/https://variety.com/2015/film/news/sandra-bullocks-our-brand-tom-hiddlestons-i-saw-the-light-to-premiere-at-toronto-1201572271/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2226288/london-fields-pulled-from-tiff-after-director-sues-producers/|title='London Fields' pulled from TIFF after director sues producers |access-date=September 17, 2015|work=Global News |archive-date=April 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421125604/https://globalnews.ca/news/2226288/london-fields-pulled-from-tiff-after-director-sues-producers/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/london-fields/toronto-review/|title=London Fields review|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=September 17, 2015 |access-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-date=May 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520061330/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/london-fields/toronto-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gardner|first=Eriq|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/london-fields-a-record-flop-a-secret-backstory-die-1156441|title='London Fields': A Near-Record Flop With a Secret Backstory to Die For|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 31, 2018 |access-date=January 10, 2019 |archive-date=January 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111175439/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/london-fields-a-record-flop-a-secret-backstory-die-1156441 |url-status=live}}</ref> Heard was nominated for the [[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress]] for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=londonfields.htm|title=London Fields (2018) – Daily Box Office Results|work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 29, 2018 |archive-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035601/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=londonfields.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McClintock|first=Pamela|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-amber-heards-london-fields-bombs-at-record-low-160k-1155714|title=Box Office: Star-Studded 'London Fields' Bombs With $160K, Near-Record Worst for a Wide Release|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=October 28, 2018 |access-date=October 29, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028223011/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-amber-heards-london-fields-bombs-at-record-low-160k-1155714 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2017–present: DC Extended Universe and other projects===<br />
[[File:Amber Heard (42867568355).jpg|thumb|Heard discussing ''[[Aquaman (film)|Aquaman]]'' at the [[San Diego Comic-Con|2018 San Diego Comic-Con International]]]] In 2017, Heard appeared as part of an ensemble cast in [[Lake Bell]]'s indie comedy ''[[I Do... Until I Don't]]'' and joined the [[DC Extended Universe]] (DCEU) cast as [[Mera (comics)|Mera]], [[Aquaman]]'s Atlantean queen, in the superhero film ''[[Justice League (film)|Justice League]]''. She reprised the role the following year in ''[[Aquaman (film)|Aquaman]]'' (2018), which co-starred [[Jason Momoa]], [[Nicole Kidman]] and [[Willem Dafoe]] and marked Heard's first major role in a studio film.<ref name=THRDec2018/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/amber-heard-talks-star-aquaman-848622|title=Amber Heard in Talks to Star in 'Aquaman' (Exclusive)|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=January 13, 2016|access-date=March 12, 2020|archive-date=January 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116015309/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/amber-heard-talks-star-aquaman-848622|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etonline.com/movies/184773_amber_heard_confirms_her_aquaman_role_justice_league_dishes_on_interesting_mera_costume/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Amber Heard Confirms Her 'Aquaman' Role in 'Justice League', Dishes on 'Interesting' Mera Costume|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|last=Kile|first=Meredith B.|date=March 17, 2016|access-date=March 12, 2020|archive-date=March 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320073336/http://www.etonline.com/movies/184773_amber_heard_confirms_her_aquaman_role_justice_league_dishes_on_interesting_mera_costume/|url-status=live}}</ref> She has stated that one of the reasons attracting her to the part was Mera being "a strong, independent, self-possessed superhero in her own right",<ref name=THRDec2018/> who rejects being called Aquawoman instead of by her own name.<ref name=glamour2018/> ''Aquaman'' became the fifth most profitable release of 2018, and the most profitable DCEU installment up to that point.<ref name=profit>{{cite magazine|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/aquaman-box-office-profit-2018-1202584701/|title=James Wan's $1B+ 'Aquaman' Became DC's Lifeboat After 'Justice League' Debacle: No. 5 In 2018 Most Valuable Blockbuster Tournament|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|magazine=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=March 29, 2019 |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107225844/https://deadline.com/2019/03/aquaman-box-office-profit-2018-1202584701/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, Heard was appointed global ambassador for cosmetics giant [[L'Oréal Paris]].<ref name=glamour2018/><br />
<br />
In 2019, Heard had supporting roles in the independent dramas ''[[Her Smell]]'', opposite [[Elisabeth Moss]], and ''[[Gully (film)|Gully]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/amber-heard-elisabeth-moss-her-smell-1202787580/|title=Amber Heard Joins Elisabeth Moss in Drama 'Her Smell' (EXCLUSIVE)|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=April 25, 2018|access-date=April 8, 2021|archive-date=March 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313070740/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/amber-heard-elisabeth-moss-her-smell-1202787580/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/amber-heard-gully-charlie-plummer-1202739453/|title=Amber Heard to Star With Charlie Plummer in Drama 'Gully' (EXCLUSIVE)|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=March 29, 2018|accessdate=April 8, 2021|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030614/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/amber-heard-gully-charlie-plummer-1202739453/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her only project released in 2020 was the post-apocalyptic miniseries ''[[The Stand (2020 miniseries)|The Stand]]'', based on [[Stephen King]]'s [[The Stand (novel)|novel of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|url=https://deadline.com/2019/08/the-stand-james-marsden-amber-heard-odessa-young-henry-zaga-stephen-king-cbs-all-access-series-1202659059/|title='The Stand': James Marsden, Amber Heard, Odessa Young & Henry Zaga Set For Stephen King's CBS All Access Series|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=August 1, 2019|access-date=April 8, 2021|archive-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802001220/https://deadline.com/2019/08/the-stand-james-marsden-amber-heard-odessa-young-henry-zaga-stephen-king-cbs-all-access-series-1202659059/|url-status=live}}</ref> She starred as Nadine Cross, a school teacher who is among the few survivors of an apocalyptic plague. It co-starred [[James Marsden]], [[Odessa Young]], [[Alexander Skarsgård]] and [[Henry Zaga]], and premiered on [[CBS All Access]] in December 2020, with the series finale airing in February 2021.<ref name="SeriesPremiere">{{cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2020/08/25/the-stand-premiere-date-stephen-king-cbs-all-access/|title=The Stand Miniseries Lands December Premiere Date on CBS All Access|website=TVLine|first=Dave|last=Nemetz|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=April 8, 2021|archive-date=August 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825160143/https://tvline.com/2020/08/25/the-stand-premiere-date-stephen-king-cbs-all-access/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Heard reprised her role as Mera in the superhero film ''[[Zack Snyder's Justice League]]'', a [[director's cut]] of the 2017 film.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaye|first=Don|date=August 22, 2020|title=Justice League Snyder Cut Trailer Revealed at DC FanDome|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/justice-league-snyder-cut-trailer-revealed-at-dc-fandome/?amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921010746/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/justice-league-snyder-cut-trailer-revealed-at-dc-fandome/?amp |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |access-date=April 8, 2021|website=[[Den of Geek]]}}</ref> She will next appear in the ''[[Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom]]'', the sequel to ''Aquaman'', which began filming in summer 2021 and is set for release in late 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ew.com/movies/amber-heard-aquaman-2-return/|title=Amber Heard says she'll return for Aquaman 2: 'I'm excited to get started'|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 12, 2020|accessdate=April 4, 2021|first=James|last=Hibbert|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411065802/https://ew.com/movies/amber-heard-aquaman-2-return/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Activism==<br />
Heard is an ambassador for the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU), to whom she pledged half of her divorce settlement,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Furdyk|first1=Brent|title=Johnny Depp Wants To Depose Elon Musk in His $50M Defamation Lawsuit Against Ex-Wife Amber Heard|url=https://etcanada.com/news/746861/johnny-depp-wants-to-depose-elon-musk-in-his-50m-defamation-lawsuit-against-ex-wife-amber-heard/|website=ET Canada |access-date=5 May 2021|date=13 February 2021|quote=Musk's subpoena apparently relates to the period when he and Heard briefly dated following her split from Depp, while the ACLU is one of two organizations to which the "Aquaman" actress announced she’d be donating half of her $7-million divorce settlement. Heard was later named an ACLU Ambassador for women's rights, with the organization's executive director issuing a statement indicating the group was "incredibly grateful" for Heard having "so very generously shown her support." |archive-date=February 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221044718/https://etcanada.com/news/746861/johnny-depp-wants-to-depose-elon-musk-in-his-50m-defamation-lawsuit-against-ex-wife-amber-heard/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Patten|first1=Dominic|title=Johnny Depp Exercises Some Free Speech With ACLU & Elon Musk Subpoenaed In $50M Amber Heard Case|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/johnny-depp-lawsuit-battle-elon-musk-aclu-amber-heard-adam-waldman-1234693208/|work=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=5 May 2021|date=13 February 2021|quote=In the case of the ACLU, the group was among the two organizations to which Heard said five years ago she was donating half of her $7&nbsp;million divorce settlement from Depp. Subsequently named an ACLU Ambassador for women's rights, Heard was publicly thanked at the time by the organization's "incredibly grateful" executive director for having "so very generously shown her support." |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430192932/https://deadline.com/2021/02/johnny-depp-lawsuit-battle-elon-musk-aclu-amber-heard-adam-waldman-1234693208/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amber Heard on Her Secret Passion, Elon Musk and a Splashy New Role|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/amber-heard-aquaman-elon-musk-dedication-activism-1166004|website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=March 27, 2021|language=en|date=December 6, 2018|quote=Heard donated her entire $7&nbsp;million divorce settlement to the ACLU, for which she serves as an ambassador, and Children's Hospital of Los Angeles |archive-date=December 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206185106/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/amber-heard-aquaman-elon-musk-dedication-activism-1166004 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=artnet>{{cite web|title=Actress Amber Heard and Marilyn Minter Have Made a Provocative Election Ad in Defense of Reproductive Rights—See It Here|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/marilyn-minter-amber-heard-downtown-democracy-1917073|website=Artnet News |access-date=March 27, 2021|date=October 21, 2020|quote=Heard donated her $7&nbsp;million settlement to the American Civil Liberties Union, and became an organization ambassador for women's rights. |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117065012/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/marilyn-minter-amber-heard-downtown-democracy-1917073 |url-status=live}}</ref> and a Human Rights Champion for the Stand Up for Human Rights campaign by the [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standup4humanrights.org/en/hr-champions-aheard.html|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|title=Human Rights Champions|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419120533/https://www.standup4humanrights.org/en/hr-champions-aheard.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, she gave a speech in support of the SHIELD Act on [[Capitol Hill]], discussing her experience of having had her private nude photos hacked and distributed online without her consent during the 2014 [[iCloud leaks of celebrity photos]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/05/22/cause-celeb-amber-heard-backs-revenge-porn-bill-capitol-hill/|title=Cause Celeb: Amber Heard backs 'revenge porn' bill on Capitol Hill|first=Emily|last=Heil|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=May 22, 2019|access-date=May 22, 2019|archive-date=May 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522215935/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/05/22/cause-celeb-amber-heard-backs-revenge-porn-bill-capitol-hill/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Heard wrote about her experiences of domestic violence in the December 2016 issue of ''Porter'' magazine<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/amber-heard-domestic-violence-open-letter-porter-a7472426.html|title=Amber Heard pens emotionally charged letter about domestic violence|first=Maya|last=Oppenheim|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=December 13, 2016|access-date=December 19, 2016|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090414/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/amber-heard-domestic-violence-open-letter-porter-a7472426.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and in an [[op-ed]] for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in December 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ive-seen-how-institutions-protect-men-accused-of-abuse-heres-what-we-can-do/2018/12/18/71fd876a-02ed-11e9-b5df-5d3874f1ac36_story.html|title=Amber Heard: I spoke up against sexual violence — and faced our culture's wrath. That has to change.|first=Amber|last=Heard|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 18, 2019|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-date=April 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412184930/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ive-seen-how-institutions-protect-men-accused-of-abuse-heres-what-we-can-do/2018/12/18/71fd876a-02ed-11e9-b5df-5d3874f1ac36_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2019, ''[[The New York Times]]'' published an op-ed written by Heard on the subject of [[revenge porn]].<ref name=NYTop-ed>{{cite news|title=Amber Heard: Are We All Celebrities Now?|last=Heard|first=Amber|date=November 4, 2019|access-date=January 15, 2020|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/opinion/amber-heard-revenge-porn.html|archive-date=January 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115210859/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/opinion/amber-heard-revenge-porn.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She also made a [[public service announcement]] about domestic violence for the #GirlGaze Project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/amber-heard-domestic-violence-psa-video-1201927174/|title=Amber Heard Films Domestic Violence PSA: 'We Can Change This'|first=Seth|last=Kelley|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=November 26, 2016|access-date=December 19, 2016|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085906/https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/amber-heard-domestic-violence-psa-video-1201927174/|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to the [[2020 United States presidential election]], Heard appeared in an election ad created by artist [[Marilyn Minter]] in support of [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref name=artnet/><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
<br />
Heard publicly [[Coming out|came out]]<!--NOTE: Per WP:BLP, especially WP:BLPCAT, Heard is not to be added to the lesbian or bisexual category until she publicly identifies as either lesbian or bisexual. She has publicly identified as being a part of the LGBT community. While sources have identified her as lesbian or bisexual, she has yet to publicly specify her sexual orientation. See past talk page discussions about this. --> in 2010,<ref name="Halterman">{{cite web|last=Halterman|first=J.|title=EXCLUSIVE: Amber Heard talks about being out in Hollywood|publisher=[[AfterEllen.com]]|date=December 4, 2010|access-date=October 10, 2014|url=http://www.afterellen.com/exclusive-amber-heard-talks-about-being-out-in-hollywood/12/2010/|archive-date=October 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015082705/http://www.afterellen.com/exclusive-amber-heard-talks-about-being-out-in-hollywood/12/2010/|url-status=live}}</ref> but has stated, "I don't label myself one way or another—I have had successful relationships with men and now a woman. I love who I love; it's the person that matters."<ref name="Frize">{{cite news|author=Sam Frize|title=5 Things You Should Know About Amber Heard|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=January 19, 2014|access-date=September 6, 2017|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2014/01/19/5-things-you-should-know-about-amber-heard/|archive-date=March 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323211008/http://entertainment.time.com/2014/01/19/5-things-you-should-know-about-amber-heard/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Heard revealed that she had been warned not to come out as bisexual, as it could negatively impact her career.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Patalay|first1=Ajesh|date=November 30, 2018|title=HIGH TIDE With Amber Heard|work=[[Porter (magazine)|Porter]]|url=https://www.net-a-porter.com/en-ae/porter/article-114a2d3689a487a0/cover-stories/cover-stories/amber-heard|access-date=June 27, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Heard was raised [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] but began identifying as [[Atheism|atheist]] at 16 when her best friend died in a car crash.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amber Heard will be heard - USATODAY.com|url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2007-05-29-amber-heard_N.htm|access-date=2021-07-24|website=usatoday30.usatoday.com}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Heard was in a relationship with photographer [[Tasya van Ree]] from 2008 to 2012.<ref name="Halterman" /><ref name="LAtimesengagement">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-johnny-depp-amber-heard-engagement-rumors-engaged-20140117-story.html|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard spark engagement rumors|last=Saad|first=Nardine|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 17, 2014|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=August 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826195327/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-johnny-depp-amber-heard-engagement-rumors-engaged-20140117-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, Heard was arrested in [[state of Washington|Washington]] for misdemeanor domestic violence, after allegedly grabbing van Ree and hitting her arm, but was never charged. The arrest only became public knowledge during Heard's divorce proceedings from Johnny Depp in 2016, after which van Ree issued a statement that Heard had been "wrongfully" accused and that the incident had been "misinterpreted and over-sensationalized".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Puente|first1=Maria|title=Amber Heard arrested in 2009 on charge of hitting girlfriend|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/06/07/amber-heard-arrested-2009-charge-hitting-girlfriend/85563338/ |access-date=February 18, 2020|work=[[USA Today]]|date=June 8, 2016 |archive-date=April 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423211350/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/06/07/amber-heard-arrested-2009-charge-hitting-girlfriend/85563338/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hill|first1=Libby|title=Amber Heard was accused of domestic violence by a former girlfriend in 2009|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-amber-heard-girlfriend-domestic-violence-20160607-snap-story.html |access-date=February 18, 2020|work=Los Angeles Times|date=June 7, 2016 |archive-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218084040/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-amber-heard-girlfriend-domestic-violence-20160607-snap-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2014, Heard was one of the victims of the [[iCloud leaks of celebrity photos]], in which her private nude photos were hacked and distributed without her consent.<ref name=NYTop-ed/><br />
<br />
Following her divorce from actor [[Johnny Depp]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/amber-heard-meet-the-new-mrs-johnny-depp-737427|title= Amber Heard: Meet the New Mrs Johnny Depp|website= NDTV|language=en |access-date=2015-02-06}}</ref> Heard dated tech entrepreneur [[Elon Musk]] for a year, until early 2018.<ref name=THRDec2018/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/06/elon-musk-breaks-up-with-amber-heard-report-says/|title=Tesla CEO Elon Musk breaks up with Amber Heard, report says|date=August 6, 2017|access-date=June 6, 2020|archive-date=September 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912212523/http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/06/elon-musk-breaks-up-with-amber-heard-report-says/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elon Musk and Amber Heard Call it Quits ... Again|url=https://people.com/movies/elon-musk-amber-heard-call-quits-again/|access-date=February 28, 2021|website=People|language=en|archive-date=March 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301193214/https://people.com/movies/elon-musk-amber-heard-call-quits-again/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, she began dating cinematographer Bianca Butti.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amber Heard and Girlfriend Bianca Butti: Everything We Know About the New Couple|url=https://people.com/movies/amber-heard-and-girlfriend-bianca-butti-everything-we-know-about-the-new-couple/|access-date=2021-07-04|website=PEOPLE.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2021, Heard announced that she had welcomed a daughter, Oonagh Paige Heard (born April 8, 2021), via [[surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/amber-heard-welcomed-baby-april|title=Amber Heard reveals she welcomed a baby girl in April: 'She’s the beginning of the rest of my life'|work=Fox News|first=Nate|last=Day|date=July 1, 2021|accessdate=July 1, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Relationship with Johnny Depp===<br />
{{anchor|Depp}}<br />
{{see also|Johnny Depp#Relationship with Amber Heard|Depp v News Group Newspapers Ltd}}<br />
<br />
Heard and Depp began dating in 2012 and were married in a civil ceremony in February 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard: A Timeline of Their Tempestuous Relationship|url=https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-divorce-settlement-1201837685/|first1=Lamarco|last1=McClendon|first2=Maria|last2=Cavassuto|first3=Lawrence|last3=Yee|date=August 19, 2016|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=February 21, 2021|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127083059/https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-divorce-settlement-1201837685/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=courtdocument>{{cite web|url=http://documents.latimes.com/amber-heard-and-johnny-depps-court-declarations-regarding-allegations-domestic-violence/|title=Amber Heard and Johnny Depp's court declarations regarding allegations of domestic violence|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 27, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=March 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304030720/http://documents.latimes.com/amber-heard-and-johnny-depps-court-declarations-regarding-allegations-domestic-violence/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard Tie the Knot: Source|url=http://www.people.com/article/johnny-depp-amber-heard-marry-wedding-civil-ceremony-los-angeles|work=People|access-date=February 4, 2015|archive-date=February 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206221803/https://people.com/article/johnny-depp-amber-heard-marry-wedding-civil-ceremony-los-angeles|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2015, Heard breached Australia's [[biosecurity]] laws when she failed to declare her and Depp's two dogs to the [[Australian Customs Service|customs]] when they flew into [[Queensland]], where he was working on a film.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johnny Depp's dogs face death in Australia|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-32732313|access-date=April 18, 2016|work=BBC News|date=May 14, 2015|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406142739/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-32732313|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Amber Heard charged with illegally bringing dogs to Australia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jul/16/amber-heard-charged-with-taking-dogs-to-australia-johnny-depp|access-date=April 18, 2016|work=The Guardian|date=July 16, 2015|archive-date=June 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626204825/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jul/16/amber-heard-charged-with-taking-dogs-to-australia-johnny-depp|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard pleaded guilty to falsifying quarantine documents, stating that she had made a mistake due to sleep deprivation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johnny Depp's dogs: Amber Heard pleads guilty over Boo and Pistol quarantine document|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-18/johnny-depp-and-amber-heard-gold-coast-court-dogs/7333662|access-date=April 18, 2016|work=ABC News|date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=June 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626204822/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-18/johnny-depp-and-amber-heard-gold-coast-court-dogs/7333662|url-status=live}}</ref> She was placed on a $1,000 one-month [[Discharge (sentence)#Australia|good behavior bond]] for producing a false document;<ref name=guardianterriers>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/18/johnny-depps-wife-amber-heard-pleads-guilty-over-bringing-dogs-to-australia|title=Charges dropped against Amber Heard for bringing dogs to Australia with Johnny Depp|first=Joshua|last=Robertson|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|date=April 18, 2016|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=April 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414191308/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/18/johnny-depps-wife-amber-heard-pleads-guilty-over-bringing-dogs-to-australia|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard and Depp also released a video in which they apologized for their behavior and urged people to adhere to the biosecurity laws.<ref name=guardianterriers/> ''[[The Guardian]]'' called the case the "highest profile criminal quarantine case" in Australian history.<ref name=guardianterriers/><br />
<br />
Heard filed for divorce from Depp in May 2016, and obtained a [[restraining order|temporary restraining order]] against him, alleging in her court declaration that he had been verbally and physically abusive throughout their relationship, usually while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.<ref name=cnn>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/16/entertainment/amber-heard-johnny-depp-timeline/|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard Settle Divorce|publisher=[[CNN]]|location=Atlanta, Georgia|first=Lisa Respers|last=France|date=August 16, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411215238/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/16/entertainment/amber-heard-johnny-depp-timeline/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=wright>{{cite web|url=http://www.refinery29.com/2016/06/113149/domestic-violence-911-call-famous-friend|title=Why I Called 911|last=Wright|first=iO Tillett|website=[[Refinery29]]|date=June 8, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=October 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004154126/https://www.refinery29.com/2016/06/113149/domestic-violence-911-call-famous-friend|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-amber-heard-bruise-photos-20160601-snap-story.html|title=New photos of Amber Heard show bruised eye and bloody lip|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|location=Los Angeles, California|date=June 1, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|first=Libby|last=Hill|archive-date=March 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315024551/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-amber-heard-bruise-photos-20160601-snap-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Variety2019">{{cite magazine|first=Jordan|last=Moreau|title=Amber Heard Claims Johnny Depp Threatened to Kill Her During Years of Abuse|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/amber-heard-johnny-depp-abuse-threatened-kill-1203187472/|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|location=Los Angeles, California|access-date=April 19, 2019|date=April 11, 2019|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205513/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/amber-heard-johnny-depp-abuse-threatened-kill-1203187472/|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp claimed that she was "attempting to secure a premature financial resolution".<ref name=cnn/><ref name=guardiancarroll>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/aug/16/amber-heard-assault-allegations-johnny-depp-divorce|title=Amber Heard settles domestic abuse case against Johnny Depp|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|first=Rory|last=Carroll|date=August 16, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=February 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222165524/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/aug/16/amber-heard-assault-allegations-johnny-depp-divorce|url-status=live}}</ref> A settlement was reached in August 2016,<ref name=NYT>{{cite web|url=http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/08/19/amber-heard-to-give-7m-johnny-depp-divorce-settlement-to-charity/|title=Amber Heard To Give $7M Johnny Depp Divorce Settlement To Charity|work=[[The New York Times]]|location=London, England|date=August 19, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=December 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212121140/http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/08/19/amber-heard-to-give-7m-johnny-depp-divorce-settlement-to-charity/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the divorce was finalized in January 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38621519|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard Finalise Divorce|date=January 14, 2017|access-date=January 14, 2017|publisher=[[BBC]]|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328005741/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38621519|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard dismissed the restraining order, and they issued a joint statement saying that their "relationship was intensely passionate and at times volatile, but always bound by love. Neither party has made false accusations for financial gain. There was never any intent of physical or emotional harm."<ref name=NYT/> Depp paid Heard a settlement of US$7&nbsp;million, which she pledged to donate to the ACLU<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/actress-amber-heard-donates-millions-support-aclu-and-its-work-fighting-violence|title=Actress Amber Heard Donates Millions to Support the ACLU and Its Work Fighting Violence Against Women|publisher=[[American Civil Liberties Union]]|date=August 19, 2016|access-date=May 23, 2017|archive-date=May 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528021633/https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/actress-amber-heard-donates-millions-support-aclu-and-its-work-fighting-violence|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Children's Hospital Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Amber Heard Honored for 7-Figure Donation to Children's Hospital Following Johnny Depp Divorce|url=http://people.com/movies/amber-heard-makes-7-figure-donation-childrens-hospital-after-johnny-depp-divorce/|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|publisher=[[Meredith Corporation]]|location=New York City|first=Mike|last=Miller|date=April 9, 2018|access-date=May 4, 2018|archive-date=January 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129115105/https://people.com/movies/amber-heard-makes-7-figure-donation-childrens-hospital-after-johnny-depp-divorce/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Heard's legal team stated that she had been "delayed in that goal because Mr. Depp filed a lawsuit against her, and consequently, she has been forced to spend millions of dollars defending Mr. Depp’s false accusations against her."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Patten|first1=Dominic|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/johnny-depp-abuse-lawsuit-amber-heard-charitable-donations-disputed-divorce-1234667028/|title=Johnny Depp Making 'Desperate Attempt' To Malign Amber Heard, 'Aquaman' Star's Lawyer Says; Admits Promised $7M Charitable Donations "Delayed"|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=March 3, 2021|date=January 7, 2021 |archive-date=March 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205531/https://deadline.com/2021/01/johnny-depp-abuse-lawsuit-amber-heard-charitable-donations-disputed-divorce-1234667028/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In June 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Russian|first=Ale|date=June 4, 2018|title=Johnny Depp Sues U.K. Tabloid for Defamation Over Story Slamming Him and J.K. Rowling|url=https://people.com/movies/johnny-depp-sues-u-k-tabloid-for-defamation-over-story-slamming-him-and-j-k-rowling/|url-status=live|access-date=April 14, 2021|website=People|language=en|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414004358/https://people.com/movies/johnny-depp-sues-u-k-tabloid-for-defamation-over-story-slamming-him-and-j-k-rowling/}}</ref> Depp brought [[Depp v News Group Newspapers Ltd|a libel lawsuit]] in the UK against [[News Group Newspapers]] (NGN), the company publishing ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'', which had called him a "wife beater" in an April 2018 article.<ref name="guardiannovembersecond">{{cite news|last1=Bowcott|first1=Owen|last2=Davies|first2=Caroline|date=November 2, 2020|title=Johnny Depp loses libel case against Sun over claims he beat ex-wife Amber Heard|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/johnny-depp-loses-libel-case-against-sun-over-claims-he-beat-ex-wife-amber-heard|access-date=November 2, 2020|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205514/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/johnny-depp-loses-libel-case-against-sun-over-claims-he-beat-ex-wife-amber-heard|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBCnovembersecond">{{cite news|date=November 2, 2020|title=Depp loses libel case against The Sun newspaper|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-54779430|access-date=November 2, 2020|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505190012/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-54779430|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard was a key witness for NGN during the highly publicized trial in July 2020.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walawalkar|first1=Aaron|date=November 2, 2020|title=London high court to deliver ruling on Johnny Depp libel case|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/london-high-court-to-deliver-ruling-on-johnny-depp-libel-case|access-date=November 2, 2020|archive-date=November 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102062313/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/london-high-court-to-deliver-ruling-on-johnny-depp-libel-case|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
In November 2020, the [[High Court of Justice]] ruled that Depp had lost his claim and that "the great majority of alleged assaults of Ms Heard by Mr Depp [12 out of the 14] have been proved to the civil standard", rejecting any notion of a hoax against him.<ref name="guardiannovembersecond" /><ref name="BBCnovembersecond" /> The verdict also found that Heard's career and activism had been negatively affected by making the abuse public.<ref name="guardiannovembersecond" /><ref name="BBCnovembersecond" /> Depp's appeal to overturn the verdict was rejected in March 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 25, 2021|title=Johnny Depp loses bid to overturn ruling in libel case|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/mar/25/johnny-depp-loses-bid-to-overturn-ruling-in-libel-case|access-date=March 25, 2021|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325102805/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/mar/25/johnny-depp-loses-bid-to-overturn-ruling-in-libel-case|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In early 2019, Depp sued Heard for defamation over an [[op-ed]] she wrote about her experiences of leaving an abusive relationship, which was published by ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in December 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Griffith|first1=Janelle|title=Johnny Depp sues ex-wife Amber Heard for $50&nbsp;million for allegedly defaming him|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/johnny-depp-sues-ex-wife-amber-heard-50-million-allegedly-n978976|date=March 4, 2019|publisher=[[NBC News]]|location=New York City|access-date=April 12, 2019|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205616/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/johnny-depp-sues-ex-wife-amber-heard-50-million-allegedly-n978976|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="varietymarch2019">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-defamation-washington-post-op-ed-50-million-1203153857/amp/|title=Johnny Depp Reportedly Sues Amber Heard for $50M Over Washington Post Op-Ed|last=Nyren|first=Erin|date=March 2, 2019|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|location=Los Angeles, California|access-date=March 3, 2019|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505190114/https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-defamation-washington-post-op-ed-50-million-1203153857/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp also alleged that Heard had been the abuser, and that her allegations constituted a hoax against him.<ref name="varietymarch2019" /> The case is scheduled to go to trial in [[Fairfax County, Virginia]] in April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Patten|first=Dominic|date=February 24, 2021|title=Delayed Again! Johnny Depp's $50M Defamation Trial Against Amber Heard Pushed To Next Year|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/johnny-depp-trial-amber-heard-delayed-2022-murder-case-1234700180/|access-date=March 12, 2021|work=Deadline Hollywood|language=en-US|archive-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318231509/https://deadline.com/2021/02/johnny-depp-trial-amber-heard-delayed-2022-murder-case-1234700180/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the verdict in the ''Depp v NGN'' case, a [[Change.org]] petition asking for Heard to be fired from ''[[Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom]]'' reached over one million supporters.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharf |first1=Zack |title=‘Aquaman 2’ Petition to Remove Amber Heard Exceeds 1.6 Million Signees After Depp ‘Fantastic Beasts’ Exit |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/11/amber-heard-petition-exit-aquaman-2-million-signatures-1234601436/ |website=IndieWire |access-date=10 May 2021 |language=en |date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amber Heard Blasts To Petitions To Remove Her From "Aquaman 2" |url=https://guardian.ng/life/amber-heard-responds-to-petitions-to-remove-her-from-aquaman-2/ |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |access-date=10 May 2021 |date=13 November 2020}}</ref> In August 2020, Heard countersued Depp, alleging that he had coordinated "a harassment campaign via Twitter and [by] orchestrating online petitions in an effort to get her fired from ''Aquaman'' and L'Oreal".<ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Depp Seeks Defamation Trial Delay Because of 'Fantastic Beasts 3' Filming|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-seeks-defamation-trial-delay-because-of-fantastic-beasts-3-filming|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=November 8, 2020|date=August 31, 2020 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101221757/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-seeks-defamation-trial-delay-because-of-fantastic-beasts-3-filming |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Depp seeks delay to US defamation trial due to Fantastic Beasts 3 filming|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-53983386|publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=November 8, 2020|date=September 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108080603/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-53983386 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Film===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable"| Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2004 || ''[[Friday Night Lights (film)|Friday Night Lights]]''|| Maria ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2005 || ''Side FX''|| Shay ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Drop Dead Sexy]]''|| Candy ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[North Country (film)|North Country]]''|| Young Josey Aimes ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2006 || ''Price to Pay''|| Trish ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Alpha Dog]]''|| Alma ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[All the Boys Love Mandy Lane]]''|| Mandy Lane ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2007 || ''[[Spin (2007 film)|Spin]]''|| Amber ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''Day 73 with Sarah''|| Mary || Short film<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Remember the Daze]]''|| Julia Ford ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2008 ||''[[Never Back Down]]''|| Baja Miller ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|Informers|dab=2008 film}}''|| Christie ||<br />
|-<br />
||''[[Pineapple Express (film)|Pineapple Express]]''|| Angie Anderson ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|2009 || ''[[ExTerminators (film)|ExTerminators]]''|| Nikki ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|Joneses}}'' || Jenn Jones ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Zombieland]]''|| 406 ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|Stepfather|dab=2009 film}}''|| Kelly Porter ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2010 || ''[[And Soon the Darkness (2010 film)|And Soon the Darkness]]''|| Stephanie || Also co-producer<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|River Why|dab=film}}'' || Eddy ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|Ward|dab=film}}''|| Kristen ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2011 || ''[[Drive Angry]]'' || Piper ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|Rum Diary|dab=film}}'' || Chenault ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2013 || ''[[Syrup (film)|Syrup]]'' || Six || Also executive producer<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Paranoia (2013 film)|Paranoia]]'' || Emma Jennings ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Machete Kills]]'' || Miss San Antonio ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || ''[[3 Days to Kill]]'' || Agent Vivi Delay ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|2015 || ''[[The Adderall Diaries (film)|The Adderall Diaries]]'' || Lana Edmond ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[One More Time (2015 film)|One More Time]]'' || Jude ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Magic Mike XXL]]'' || Zoe ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[The Danish Girl (film)|The Danish Girl]]'' || [[Ulla Poulsen|Ulla Paulson]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2017 || ''[[I Do... Until I Don't]]'' || Fanny ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Justice League (film)|Justice League]]'' || [[Mera (comics)|Mera]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2018 || ''[[Her Smell]]'' || Zelda E. Zekiel ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[London Fields (film)|London Fields]]'' || Nicola Six || Filmed in 2013<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Aquaman (film)|Aquaman]]'' || Mera ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Gully (film)|Gully]]'' || Joyce ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2021 || ''[[Zack Snyder's Justice League]]'' || rowspan="2" | Mera ||<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom]]''<br />
|Filming<br />
|-<br />
<!--|-<br />
|2022<br />
|Aquaman 2<br />
|Mera<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
--><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable"| Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2004 || ''[[Jack & Bobby]]''|| Liz|| Episode: "Pilot"<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|Mountain|dab=TV series}}''|| Riley|| Episode: "A Piece of the Rock"<br />
|-<br />
| 2005 || ''{{sortname|The|O.C.}}''|| Salesgirl|| Episode: "Mallpisode"<br />
|-<br />
| 2006 || ''[[Criminal Minds]]''|| Lila Archer|| Episode: "Somebody's Watching"<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2007 || ''[[Californication (TV series)|Californication]]''|| Amber|| Episode: "California Son"<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Hidden Palms]]''|| Greta Matthews|| 8 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || ''[[The Cleveland Show]]'' || Herself (voice) || Episode: "Beer Walk!"<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2011 || ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]''|| Herself|| Episode: "Episode #16.5"<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|Playboy Club}}''||Bunny Maureen|| 7 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2| 2015 || ''[[Overhaulin'#Season 9|Overhaulin']]''|| Herself|| Episode: "In Too Depp"<br />
|-<br />
|| ''{{sortname|The|Prince|nolink=1}}'' || Serena || Television film<br />
|-<br />
| 2020–2021 || ''[[The Stand (2020 miniseries)|The Stand]]'' || Nadine Cross || 7 episodes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Music videos===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Artist<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| "[[There Goes My Life]]"<br />
| [[Kenny Chesney]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| "I Wasn't Prepared" <small>(Version 1)</small><br />
| [[Eisley]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- "<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Work<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| [[Young Hollywood Awards]]<br />
| [[Young Hollywood Awards|Breakthrough of the Year]]<br />
| Herself<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| [[Detroit Film Critics Society|Detroit Film Critics Society Awards]]<br />
| rowspan=2|Best Ensemble<br />
| rowspan=2|''[[Zombieland]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2010<br />
| [[Scream Awards]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dallas International Film Festival]]<br />
| [[Dallas International Film Festival|Dallas Star Award]]<br />
| Herself<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[Hollywood Film Festival]]<br />
| [[Hollywood Film Festival|Spotlight Award]]<br />
| ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[Texas Film Hall of Fame]]<br />
| [[Texas Film Hall of Fame|Inductee]]<br />
| Herself<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|2019<br />
| [[39th Golden Raspberry Awards|Golden Raspberry Awards]]<br />
| [[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress|Worst Actress]]<br />
| ''[[London Fields (film)|London Fields]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 MTV Movie & TV Awards|MTV Movie & TV Awards]]<br />
| [[MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss|Best Kiss]]<br />
| rowspan=3|''[[Aquaman (film)|Aquaman]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[45th Saturn Awards|Saturn Awards]]<br />
| [[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy Movie Actress<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Sister project links |wikt=no |commons=Category:Amber Heard |b=no |n=no |q=no |s=no |v=no |species=no |display=Amber Heard|voy=no|d=Q229166}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|1720028|Amber Heard}}<br />
* {{Allrovi name|418732|Amber Heard}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name}}<br />
* {{Instagram|amberheard}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
<!-- NOTE: Per WP:BLPCAT, Heard is not to be added to the lesbian or bisexual category until she publicly identifies as either lesbian or bisexual. She has publicly identified as being a part of the LGBT community. While sources have identified her as lesbian or bisexual, she has yet to publicly specify her sexual orientation. See past talk page discussions about this. --><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Heard, Amber}}<br />
[[Category:1986 births]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Austin, Texas]]<br />
[[Category:American film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American women activists]]<br />
[[Category:American atheists]]<br />
[[Category:Atheists]]<br />
[[Category:LGBT actresses]]<br />
[[Category:LGBT entertainers from the United States]]<br />
[[Category:LGBT people from Texas]]<br />
[[Category:LGBT rights activists from the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Johnny Depp]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Alekhkumarr&diff=138553User:Alekhkumarr2021-08-19T14:53:16Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>hi i am bharatpedia editor thankyou<br />
{{User Proud Indian}}<br />
[[File:Spinning Ashoka Chakra.gif|right|200px]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scarlett_Johansson&diff=138534Scarlett Johansson2021-08-19T06:45:59Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|American actress}} {{Featured article}} {{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=September 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}} {{Infobo..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|American actress}}<br />
{{Featured article}}<br />
{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Scarlett Johansson<br />
| image = Scarlett Johansson by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped, 2).jpg<!-- NOTE: This image was chosen as the lead image as the result of a discussion in August 2019. If you want to use a different lead image, please discuss the matter on the article talk page. --><br />
| caption = Johansson at the 2019 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]<br />
| birth_name = Scarlett Ingrid Johansson<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|11|22}}<br />
| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.<!--As per WP:LINKDIRECT and Template:infobox person, birthplace indicates city, state, then country. No need to spell out "United States"; 'U.S.' is fine.--><br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer}}<br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United States|Denmark}}<br />
| education = [[Professional Children's School]]<br />
| works = [[Scarlett Johansson on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| years_active = 1994–present<br />
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Ryan Reynolds]]|2008|2011|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Romain Dauriac|2014|2017|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Colin Jost]]|2020}}}}<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relatives = [[Ejner Johansson]] (grandfather)<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Scarlett Johansson|Full list]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Scarlett Ingrid Johansson''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|oʊ|ˈ|h|æ|n|s|ən|}}; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. She was the world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, and has featured multiple times on the [[Forbes Celebrity 100|''Forbes'' Celebrity 100]] list. Her films have grossed over {{US$|14.3|long=no}}&nbsp;billion worldwide, making Johansson the [[List of highest grossing actors|ninth-highest-grossing box office star of all time]]. She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Scarlett Johansson|various accolades]], including a [[Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play]] and a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]], as well as nominations for two [[Academy Awards]] and five [[Golden Globe Awards]].<br />
<br />
Born and raised in [[Manhattan]], New York City, Johansson aspired to be an actress from a young age and first appeared on stage in an [[Off-Broadway]] play as a child actor. She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy ''[[North (1994 film)|North]]'' (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in ''[[Manny & Lo]]'' (1996), ''[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|The Horse Whisperer]]'' (1998), and ''[[Ghost World (film)|Ghost World]]'' (2001). Johansson shifted to adult roles in 2003 with her performances in [[Sofia Coppola]]'s ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]],'' which won her a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]], and ''[[Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)|Girl with a Pearl Earring]]''. She was nominated for [[Golden Globe Awards]] for these films, and for playing a troubled teenager in the drama ''[[A Love Song for Bobby Long]]'' (2004), and a seductress in [[Woody Allen]]'s psychological thriller ''[[Match Point]]'' (2005). Other works during this period include [[Christopher Nolan]]'s ''[[The Prestige (film)|The Prestige]]'' (2006) and Allen's ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]'' (2008), and the albums ''[[Anywhere I Lay My Head]]'' (2008) and ''[[Break Up (album)|Break Up]]'' (2009), both of which charted on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<br />
<br />
In 2010, Johansson debuted on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in a revival of ''[[A View from the Bridge]]'', which won her a [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress]], and began portraying [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Black Widow]] in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]], a role for which she received critical acclaim and global recognition, beginning with ''[[Iron Man 2]]'' (2010) and most recently with ''[[Black Widow (2021 film)|Black Widow]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web|last=White|first=Abbey|date=October 30, 2020|title=The Black Widow scene that had its lead actresses sweating bullets|url=https://www.looper.com/270289/the-black-widow-scene-that-had-its-lead-actresses-sweating-bullets/|access-date=December 24, 2020|website=Looper.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Johansson went on to star in the science fiction films ''[[Her (film)|Her]]'' (2013), ''[[Under the Skin (2013 film)|Under the Skin]]'' (2013), ''[[Lucy (2014 film)|Lucy]]'' (2014), and [[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|''Ghost in the Shell'']] (2017). She received critical acclaim and two Academy Award nominations for playing an actress going through a divorce in [[Noah Baumbach]]'s drama ''[[Marriage Story]],'' and a single mother in [[Nazi Germany]] in [[Taika Waititi]]'s satire ''[[Jojo Rabbit]]'' (both 2019).<br />
<br />
As a public figure, Johansson is a prominent brand endorser and supports various charities. She has been labeled a [[sex symbol]] by media outlets.<!--NOTE: This is supported by various reliable sources and is mentioned in the Public image section below. Attributing the line to one author doesn't work because various authors have said that she is a sex symbol.--> Divorced from actor [[Ryan Reynolds]] and businessman Romain Dauriac, Johansson has been married to comedian [[Colin Jost]] since 2020. She has two children, one with Dauriac and another with Jost.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
[[File:Lee Strasberg Institute 115 East 15th Street.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]], where Johansson learned to act as a child|alt=A red-brick three-story building with a tree outside it.]]<br />
<br />
Scarlett Ingrid Johansson was born on November 22, 1984,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb3f264dd |title=Scarlett Johansson |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=November 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117133615/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb3f264dd |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> in the [[Manhattan]] borough of New York City.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson: 'La monogamia es antinatural' |url=http://www.eitb.eus/es/television/programas/la-noche-de/detalle/4731594/curiosidades-secretos-vida-actriz-scarlett-johansson/ |publisher=[[EITB]] |access-date=October 6, 2017 |language=es-ES |date=March 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006211645/http://www.eitb.eus/es/television/programas/la-noche-de/detalle/4731594/curiosidades-secretos-vida-actriz-scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name=PBS>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/video/finding-your-roots-season-four-official-trailer-hdf5ii/ |title=Season 4 Official Trailer |work=[[Finding Your Roots]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=September 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908111325/http://www.pbs.org/video/finding-your-roots-season-four-official-trailer-hdf5ii/ |archive-date=September 8, 2017}}</ref> Her father, Karsten Olaf Johansson, is an architect originally from [[Copenhagen]], Denmark. Her paternal grandfather, [[Ejner Johansson]], was an art historian, screenwriter, and film director, whose own father was Swedish.<ref name=tirti>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2012/0427/1224315215457.html |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=April 27, 2012 |title='I'm not anything like her...' |access-date=April 16, 2013 |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427065747/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2012/0427/1224315215457.html}}</ref><ref name=fdr1>Stated on ''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', [[PBS]], October 31, 2017.</ref> Scarlett's mother, Melanie Sloan, a New Yorker, has worked as a producer. She comes from an [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi Jewish]] family from Poland and Russia, originally surnamed Schlamberg,<ref name=fdr1/> and Scarlett has described herself as Jewish.<ref name="femau1">{{cite news|last=Fischer|first=Paul|title=Scarlett Johansson The Spirit Interview|url=https://www.female.com.au/scarlett-johansson-the-spirit-interview.htm|publisher=Female.com|date=2008|access-date=September 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507225417/https://www.female.com.au/scarlett-johansson-the-spirit-interview.htm|archive-date=May 7, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ashref">{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson's a Jew, too |url=https://www.jta.org/2008/03/23/news-opinion/scarlett-johanssons-a-jew-too |publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |date=March 23, 2008 |access-date=March 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101172646/http://www.jta.org/news/article/2008/03/23/107668/johanssonportman |archive-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Paul |last=Whitington |title=Scarlett Johansson: from starlet to sci-fi queen |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/scarlett-johansson-from-starlet-to-scifi-queen-35580595.html |work=[[Irish Independent]] |date=April 2, 2017 |access-date=May 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506104441/https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/scarlett-johansson-from-starlet-to-scifi-queen-35580595.html|archive-date=May 6, 2018|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web |first=Karen |last=Kaplan |title=DNA ties Ashkenazi Jews to group of just 330 people from Middle Ages |url=https://latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-ashkenazi-jews-dna-diseases-20140909-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 9, 2014 |access-date=May 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506025036/http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-ashkenazi-jews-dna-diseases-20140909-story.html|archive-date=May 6, 2018|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web |first=Natalie |last=Stone |title=Scarlett Johansson Fights Back Tears as She Learns Members of Her Family Died in the Warsaw Ghetto |url=http://people.com/tv/scarlett-johansson-learns-members-family-lost-warsaw-ghetto/ |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=October 27, 2017 |access-date=May 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506104342/http://people.com/tv/scarlett-johansson-learns-members-family-lost-warsaw-ghetto/|archive-date=May 6, 2018|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web |last=Hoggard |first=Liz |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/scarlett-johansson-sex-and-the-maiden-6230947.html |title=Scarlett Johansson: Sex and the maiden |work=[[The Independent]] |date=October 15, 2006 |access-date=October 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207170957/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/scarlett-johansson-sex-and-the-maiden-420118.html |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |url-status=dead}}<br />{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson has Belarusian roots |url=http://belsat.eu/en/news/7982/ |date=April 18, 2012 |access-date=October 11, 2017 |publisher=[[Belsat TV]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010211909/http://belsat.eu/en/news/7982/ |archive-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref> She has an older sister, Vanessa, also an actress; an older brother, Adrian; and a twin brother, Hunter.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heller |first1=Corinne |title=Scarlett Johansson Shows Post-Baby Body, Walks Red Carpet With Twin |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/599412/scarlett-johansson-shows-slim-post-baby-body-again-walks-red-carpet-with-twin-brother-hunter-watch |publisher=[[E! News]] |access-date=October 9, 2017 |date=November 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719143043/http://www.eonline.com/news/599412/scarlett-johansson-shows-slim-post-baby-body-again-walks-red-carpet-with-twin-brother-hunter-watch |archive-date=July 19, 2017}}</ref> Johansson also has an older half-brother, Christian, from her father's first marriage. She holds dual American and Danish citizenship.<ref name=recordd>{{cite news |last=Rehlin |first=Gunnar |title=Scarlett Johansson: Scandinavia is part of my heritage |work=[[Scandinavian Traveler]] |date=March 4, 2016 |url=https://scandinaviantraveler.com/dk/node/4817 |access-date=March 3, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303201738/https://scandinaviantraveler.com/dk/node/4817 |archive-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Ben |title=Mary Stuart reigns again – in Ireland |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/apr/27/scotland.ireland |access-date=October 5, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 26, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012532/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/apr/27/scotland.ireland |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref> She discovered that her maternal great-grandfather's family died during [[the Holocaust]] in the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] on a 2017 episode of [[PBS]]'s ''[[Finding Your Roots]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schleier|first=Curt|title=Watching 'Finding Your Roots,' family learns they are related to Scarlett Johansson|url=https://www.jweekly.com/2017/11/03/watching-finding-roots-family-learns-related-scarlett-johansson/|date=November 3, 2017|access-date=30 March 2021|website=The Jewish News of Northern California}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson attended [[PS 41]], an elementary school in [[Greenwich Village]], Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scoopy's Notebook |work=[[The Villager (Manhattan)|The Villager]] |url=https://www.thevillager.com/2008/06/scoopys-notebook-222/ |volume=78 |number=3 |date=June 18, 2008 |access-date=July 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108143834/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_268/scoopysnotebook.html |archive-date=January 8, 2009}}</ref> Her parents divorced when she was 13.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson: Her Life So Far |url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/scarlett-johansson-picture-photo-gallery |access-date=October 4, 2017 |work=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]] |date=January 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029182302/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/scarlett-johansson-picture-photo-gallery|archive-date=October 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson's dad collapses |url=https://nypost.com/2011/02/25/scarlett-johanssons-dad-collapses/ |access-date=October 4, 2017 |work=[[New York Post]] |date=February 25, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005050801/http://nypost.com/2011/02/25/scarlett-johanssons-dad-collapses/ |archive-date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> Johansson was particularly close to her maternal grandmother, Dorothy Sloan, a bookkeeper and schoolteacher; they often spent time together and Johansson considered Sloan her best friend.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Anthony |title=The Scarlett Grandma |url=http://www.forward.com:80/articles/the-scarlett-grandma/ |access-date=October 4, 2017 |work=[[The Forward]] |date=April 7, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018190128/http://www.forward.com/articles/the-scarlett-grandma/ |archive-date=October 18, 2006}}</ref> Interested in a career in the spotlight from an early age, she often put on song-and-dance routines for her family. She was particularly fond of musical theater and [[jazz hands]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson: Actress (1984) |url=https://www.biography.com/people/scarlett-johansson-13671719 |publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[A&E Networks]]) |access-date=October 3, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004035020/https://www.biography.com/people/scarlett-johansson-13671719 |archive-date=October 4, 2017}}</ref><ref name="localfav">{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/film/local-favourite/2007/09/16/1189881329353.html |title=Local favourite |last=Ryzik |first=Melena |date=September 17, 2007 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=October 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831230146/http://www.smh.com.au/news/film/local-favourite/2007/09/16/1189881329353.html|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> She took lessons in [[tap dance]], and states that her parents were supportive of her career choice. She describes her childhood as very ordinary.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson: Shades of Scarlett |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/scarlett-johansson-shades-of-scarlett-221175.html |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=May 13, 2005 |url-status=live |quote=[my childhood] was filled with things that I loved to do, and also very normal things: I lived in New York, I have a family life and went to a regular school. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171200/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/scarlett-johansson-shades-of-scarlett-221175.html |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
As a child, Johansson practiced acting by staring in the mirror until she made herself cry, wanting to be [[Judy Garland]] in ''[[Meet Me in St. Louis]]''.<ref name="nymag" /> At age seven, she was devastated when a talent agent signed one of her brothers instead of her, but she later decided to become an actress anyway. She enrolled at the [[Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute]], and began auditioning for commercials, but soon lost interest: "I didn't want to promote Wonder Bread."<ref name="nymag">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Sanjiv |title=Scarlett in Bloom |url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/shopping/fashion/spring04/n_9843/ |access-date=October 3, 2017 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024010621/http://nymag.com/nymetro/shopping/fashion/spring04/n_9843/ |archive-date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> She shifted her focus to film and theater,<ref name="peoplebio">{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson Biography |url=http://www.people.com/people/scarlett_johansson/biography/0,,,00.html |access-date=October 3, 2017 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307041129/http://www.people.com/people/scarlett_johansson/biography/0,,,00.html |archive-date=March 7, 2011}}</ref> making her first stage appearance in the [[Off-Broadway]] play ''Sophistry'' with [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/theater/theaterspecial/16scarlett.html |title=Definitely Didn't Get Lost in Translation |last=Isherwood |first=Charles |date=May 12, 2010 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410150006/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/theater/theaterspecial/16scarlett.html |archive-date=April 10, 2014}}</ref> in which she had two lines.<ref name="peoplebio" /> Around this time, she began studying at [[Professional Children's School]] (PCS), a private educational institution for aspiring child actors in Manhattan. At age nine, Johansson made her film debut as [[John Ritter]]'s daughter in the fantasy comedy ''[[North (1994 film)|North]]'' (1994).<ref name="peoplebio" /> She says that when she was on the film set, she knew intuitively what to do.<ref name="nymag" /> Johansson later played minor roles such as the daughter of [[Sean Connery]]'s and [[Kate Capshaw]]'s characters in the mystery thriller ''[[Just Cause (film)|Just Cause]]'' (1995), and an art student in ''[[If Lucy Fell]]'' (1996).<ref name="Thomson2010">{{cite book |last=Thomson |first=David |author-link=David Thomson (film critic) |title=The New Biographical Dictionary of Film 5Th Ed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heVvObIz9BwC&pg=PT1017 |year=2010 |publisher=[[Little, Brown Book Group]] |isbn=978-0-7481-0850-3 |page=1017|access-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029182302/https://books.google.com/books?id=heVvObIz9BwC&pg=PT1017|archive-date=October 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting career==<br />
{{see also|Scarlett Johansson on screen and stage|List of awards and nominations received by Scarlett Johansson}}<br />
===1996–2002: Early work===<br />
Johansson's first leading role was as Amanda, the younger sister of a pregnant teenager who runs away from her [[Foster care|foster home]] in ''[[Manny & Lo]]'' (1996) alongside [[Aleksa Palladino]] and her brother, Hunter. Her performance received positive reviews: one written for the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' noted, "[the film] grows on you, largely because of the charm of&nbsp;... Scarlett Johansson,"<ref>{{cite news |title=Many things to like about "Manny & Lo' |first=Barbara |last=Shulgasser |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/e/a/1996/08/09/WEEKEND6031.dtl |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=August 9, 1996 |access-date=July 26, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413072341/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fe%2Fa%2F1996%2F08%2F09%2FWEEKEND6031.dtl |archive-date=April 13, 2010}}</ref> while critic [[Mick LaSalle]], writing for the same paper, commented on her "peaceful aura", and believed, "If she can get through puberty with that aura undisturbed, she could become an important actress."<ref>{{cite news |title=Two Girls, a Condo and One Kidnapped Mom |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1996/08/09/DD66424.DTL |date=August 9, 1996 |access-date=July 26, 2009 |first=Mick |last=Lasalle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225110351/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F1996%2F08%2F09%2FDD66424.DTL |archive-date=December 25, 2004}}</ref> Johansson earned a nomination for the [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Female]] for the role.<ref>{{cite news |title=From child star to Ghost in the Shell: Scarlett Johansson's life and career, in pictures |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/scarlett-johansson-life-movies-pictures/manny-lo-1996/ |access-date=October 5, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006172657/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/scarlett-johansson-life-movies-pictures/manny-lo-1996/ |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
After appearing in minor roles in ''[[Fall (1997 film)|Fall]]'' and ''[[Home Alone 3]]'' (both 1997), Johansson attracted wider attention for her performance in the film ''[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|The Horse Whisperer]]'' (1998), directed by [[Robert Redford]].<ref name="peoplebio" /><ref name="variety" /> The drama film, based on the 1995 [[The Horse Whisperer (novel)|novel of the same name]] by [[Nicholas Evans]], tells the story of a trainer with a gift for understanding horses, who is hired to help an injured teenager played by Johansson. The actress received an "introducing" credit on this film, although it was her seventh role. On Johansson's maturity, Redford described her as "13 going on 30".<ref name="Delmar2016">{{cite book |last=Delmar |first=Peter |title=Scarlett Johansson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojTMDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 |year=2016 |publisher=Raintree |isbn=978-1-4747-2338-1 |pages=12|access-date=October 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009202651/https://books.google.com/books?id=ojTMDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|archive-date=October 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Todd McCarthy of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' commented that Johansson "convincingly conveys the awkwardness of her age and the inner pain of a carefree girl suddenly laid low by horrible happenstance".<ref>{{cite news |last1=McCarthy |first1=Todd |title=The Horse Whisperer – Redford Lassos Powerful Saga |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/the-horse-whisperer-redford-lassos-powerful-saga-1200453807/ |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=May 4, 1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021859/http://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/the-horse-whisperer-redford-lassos-powerful-saga-1200453807/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> For the film, she was nominated for the [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] Award for Most Promising Actress.<ref name="CFCA CS-T">{{cite news |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB423E8C6BDEF67&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Chicago Critics List Best Films |date=January 19, 1999 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=August 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609123114/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB423E8C6BDEF67&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|archive-date=June 9, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> She believed that the film changed many things in her life, realizing that acting is the ability to manipulate one's emotions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Chris |title=Scarlett Johansson...That Voice |url=http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a32552/esq0205scarlett-64/ |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=October 7, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430105012/http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a32552/esq0205scarlett-64/ |archive-date=April 30, 2016}}</ref> On finding good roles as a teenager, Johansson said it was hard for her as adults wrote the scripts and they "portray kids like mall rats and not seriously&nbsp;... Kids and teenagers just aren't being portrayed with any real depth".<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview of Scarlett Johansson |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/95439%7C174381/Scarlett-Johansson/ |publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]] |access-date=October 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006015249/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/95439%7C174381/Scarlett-Johansson/ |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson later appeared in ''[[My Brother the Pig]]'' (1999) and in the [[neo-noir]], [[Coen brothers]] film ''[[The Man Who Wasn't There (2001 film)|The Man Who Wasn't There]]'' (2001). Her breakthrough came playing a cynical [[outcast (person)|outcast]] in [[Terry Zwigoff]]'s black comedy ''[[Ghost World (film)|Ghost World]]'' (2001), an adaptation of [[Daniel Clowes]]' [[Ghost World (comics)|graphic novel of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barna |first1=Daniel |last2=Bell |first2=Gabriel |title=We Had No Idea This Is What Made Jennifer Lawrence Famous |url=http://www.refinery29.com/2014/03/64664/celebrities-breakout-roles#slide-37 |publisher=[[Refinery29]] |access-date=October 6, 2017 |date=November 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021534/http://www.refinery29.com/2014/03/64664/celebrities-breakout-roles#slide-37 |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> Johansson auditioned for the film via a tape from New York, and Zwigoff believed her to be "a unique, eccentric person, and right for that part".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hoffman |first1=Jordan |title=Ghost World Director Terry Zwigoff Has Learned to Expect the Worst from Hollywood |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/05/terry-zwigoff-ghost-world-bad-santa-interview |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=May 18, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009202651/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/05/terry-zwigoff-ghost-world-bad-santa-interview |archive-date=October 9, 2017}}</ref> The film premiered at the 2001 [[Seattle International Film Festival]]; it was a box office failure, but has since developed a [[cult film|cult status]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adams |first1=Jacob |title='Ghost World' Revisited |url=https://popmatters.com/post/145647-ghost-world-revisited/ |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[PopMatters]] |date=August 4, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620140001/http://www.popmatters.com/post/145647-ghost-world-revisited/ |archive-date=June 20, 2017}}</ref> Johansson was credited with "sensitivity and talent [that] belie her age" by an ''[[Austin Chronicle]]'' critic, and won a [[Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her performance.<ref>{{cite news |first=Marjorie |last=Baumgarten |title=Ghost World |work=[[Austin Chronicle]] |url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Calendar/Film?Film=oid%3A141399 |date=August 24, 2001 |access-date=July 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805075532/http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Calendar/Film?Film=oid%3A141399 |archive-date=August 5, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Past Award Winners – Toronto Film Critics Association |url=http://torontofilmcritics.com/past-award-winners/ |publisher=[[Toronto Film Critics Association]] |access-date=October 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715181549/http://torontofilmcritics.com/past-award-winners/ |archive-date=July 15, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
With [[David Arquette]], Johansson appeared in the horror comedy ''[[Eight Legged Freaks]]'' (2002), about a collection of spiders that are exposed to toxic waste, causing them to grow to gigantic proportions and begin killing and harvesting.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=Eight Legged Freaks Movie Review (2002) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/eight-legged-freaks-2002 |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=July 17, 2002 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007022043/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/eight-legged-freaks-2002 |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> After graduating from [[Professional Children's School]] that year, she applied to New York University's [[Tisch School of the Arts]]; she decided to focus on her film career when she was rejected.<ref name="Leslie2011">{{cite book |author=Larry Z. Leslie |title=Celebrity in the 21st Century: A Reference Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9V7Y48DLxkC |year=2011 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1-59884-484-9 |pages=128|access-date=October 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009202651/https://books.google.com/books?id=u9V7Y48DLxkC|archive-date=October 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2003–2004: Transition to adult roles===<br />
[[File:Scarlett Johansson 2003.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Johansson attending the premiere of ''[[Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)|Girl with a Pearl Earring]]'' at the [[2003 Toronto International Film Festival]]|alt=A picture of Scarlett Johansson wearing a black dress and a pearl necklace.]]<br />
<br />
Johansson transitioned from teen to adult roles with two films in 2003: the romantic comedy-drama ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]'' and the drama ''[[Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)|Girl with a Pearl Earring]]''.<ref name="UtusanAdultRoles">{{cite web |url=http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2003&dt=0906&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=Entertainment&pg=en_10.htm |title=Toronto film fest puts on the ritz with promising movie lineup |date=June 9, 2003 |work=[[Utusan Malaysia]] |access-date=May 21, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617031627/http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2003&dt=0906&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=Entertainment&pg=en_10.htm |archive-date=June 17, 2011}}</ref> In the former, directed by [[Sofia Coppola]], she plays Charlotte, a listless and lonely young wife, opposite [[Bill Murray]]. Coppola had first noticed Johansson in ''Manny & Lo'', and compared her to a young [[Lauren Bacall]]; Coppola based the film's story on the relationship between Bacall and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in ''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'' (1946).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stern |first1=Marlow |title=Sofia Coppola Discusses 'Lost in Translation' on Its 10th Anniversary |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/sofia-coppola-discusses-lost-in-translation-on-its-10th-anniversary |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=September 12, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729132523/http://www.thedailybeast.com/sofia-coppola-discusses-lost-in-translation-on-its-10th-anniversary |archive-date=July 29, 2017}}</ref> Johansson found the experience of working with a female director different because of Coppola's ability to empathize with her.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hirschberg |first1=Lynn |title=The Coppola Smart Mob |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/31/magazine/the-coppola-smart-mob.html |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 31, 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722164515/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/31/magazine/the-coppola-smart-mob.html |archive-date=July 22, 2017}}</ref> Made on a budget of $4{{nbsp}}million, the film grossed $119{{nbsp}}million at the box office and received critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lost in Translation (2003) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lostintranslation.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803173556/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lostintranslation.htm |archive-date=August 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lost in Translation |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lost_in_translation/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830074636/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lost_in_translation |archive-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] was pleased with the film and described the lead actors' performances as "wonderful",<ref>{{cite news |last=Ebert |first=Roger |title=Lost in Translation |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=September 12, 2003 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030912/REVIEWS/309120302/1023 |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104191510/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20030912%2FREVIEWS%2F309120302%2F1023 |archive-date=January 4, 2011}}</ref> and ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote of Johansson's "embracing, restful serenity".<ref>{{cite news |last=Schwarzbaum |first=Lisa |title=Lost in Translation |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 10, 2003 |url=https://ew.com/ew/article/0,,479937,00.html |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427094550/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,479937,00.html |archive-date=April 27, 2009}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised Johansson, aged 17 at the time of filming, for playing an older character.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Elvis |title=An American in Japan, Making a Connection |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/12/movies/film-review-an-american-in-japan-making-a-connection.html |date=September 12, 2003 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523223020/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/12/movies/film-review-an-american-in-japan-making-a-connection.html |archive-date=May 23, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Peter Webber]]'s ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'', which is based on [[Girl with a Pearl Earring (novel)|the novel of the same name]] by [[Tracy Chevalier]], Johansson played Griet, a young 17th-century servant in the household of the Dutch painter [[Johannes Vermeer]] (played by [[Colin Firth]]). Webber interviewed 150 actors before casting Johansson.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davies |first=Hugh |title=Small pearl takes on the Bafta blockbusters |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1452111/Small-pearl-takes-on-the-Bafta-blockbusters.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=January 20, 2004 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926003018/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1452111/Small-pearl-takes-on-the-Bafta-blockbusters.html |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> Johansson found the character moving, but did not read the novel, as she thought it was better to approach the story with a fresh start.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2003/dec/14/entertainment/ca-kristin14 |title=Imagining an elusive Dutch painter's world |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |first=Kristin |last=Hohenadel |date=December 14, 2003 |access-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022111409/http://articles.latimes.com/2003/dec/14/entertainment/ca-kristin14 |archive-date=October 22, 2015}}</ref> ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'' received positive reviews and was profitable.<ref>{{cite web |title=Girl with a Pearl Earring (2003) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=girlwithapearlearring.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=September 25, 2017 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926041138/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=girlwithapearlearring.htm |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> In his review for ''[[The New Yorker]]'', [[Anthony Lane]] thought that her presence kept the film "alive", writing, "She is often wordless and close to plain onscreen, but wait for the ardor with which she can summon a closeup and bloom under its gaze; this is her film, not Vermeer's, all the way."<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Anthony |last=Lane |author-link=Anthony Lane |title=Girl with a Pearl Earring |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/girl_with_a_pearl_earring_webber |date=December 22, 2003 |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218203102/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/girl_with_a_pearl_earring_webber |archive-date=December 18, 2008}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''Entertainment Weekly'' noted her "nearly silent performance", remarking, "The interplay on her face of fear, ignorance, curiosity, and sex is intensely dramatic."<ref>{{cite journal |first=Owen |last=Gleiberman |author-link=Owen Gleiberman |url=https://ew.com/ew/article/0,,535689,00.html |title=Girl With a Pearl Earring (2003) |journal=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=December 3, 2003 |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425172244/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,535689,00.html |archive-date=April 25, 2009}}</ref> She was nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]] and Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress{{efn|Johansson was nominated for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical|Best Actress in a Motion Picture Comedy or Musical]] for ''Lost in Translation'' and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Drama]] for ''Girl with a Pearl Earring''.<ref name="GGlobe">{{cite web |title=HFPA – Scarlett Johansson 4 Nominations |url=http://www.hfpa.org/browse/?param=/member/30173 |publisher=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220214714/http://www.hfpa.org/browse/?param=%2Fmember%2F30173 |archive-date=February 20, 2014}}</ref>}} for both films in 2003, winning the former for ''Lost in Translation''.<ref name="bafta">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?year=2003&category=Film&award=Actress+in+a+Leading+Role |title=Actress in a Leading Role 2003 |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411091019/http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?year=2003&category=Film&award=Actress+in+a+Leading+Role |archive-date=April 11, 2010 |url-status=live |access-date=July 29, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
In ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s opinion, Johansson's roles in ''Lost in Translation'' and ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'' established her as among the most versatile actresses of her generation.<ref name="variety">{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson |url=https://variety.com/exec/scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=October 8, 2017 |work=Variety |date=October 5, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708203523/http://variety.com/exec/scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=July 8, 2017}}</ref> Johansson had five releases in 2004, three of which—the teen heist film ''[[The Perfect Score]]'', the drama ''[[A Love Song for Bobby Long]]'', and the drama ''[[A Good Woman (film)|A Good Woman]]''—were critical and commercial failures.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=scarlettjohansson.htm |title=Scarlett Johansson Movie Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=September 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829102754/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=scarlettjohansson.htm |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Co-starring with [[John Travolta]], Johansson played a discontented and suspicious teenager in ''A Love Song for Bobby Long'', which is based on the novel ''Off Magazine Street'' by Ronald Everett Capps. David Rooney of ''Variety'' wrote that Johansson's and Travolta's performances rescued the film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rooney |first1=David |title=Review: 'A Love Song for Bobby Long' |url=https://variety.com/2004/film/awards/a-love-song-for-bobby-long-1200531262/ |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=Variety |date=September 7, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042308/http://variety.com/2004/film/awards/a-love-song-for-bobby-long-1200531262/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> Johansson earned a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama]] nomination for the film.<ref name="GGlobe" /><br />
<br />
In her fourth release in 2004, the [[live-action animated film|live-action animated]] comedy ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', Johansson voiced Princess Mindy, the daughter of [[Neptune (mythology)|King Neptune]]. She agreed to the project because of her love for cartoons and ''[[The Ren & Stimpy Show]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kirschling |first1=Gregory |title=How the ''SpongeBob'' movie snagged Scarlett Johansson |url=https://ew.com/article/2004/04/09/how-spongebob-movie-snagged-scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=April 9, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042052/http://ew.com/article/2004/04/09/how-spongebob-movie-snagged-scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> The film was her most commercially successful release that year.<ref name="BOM" /> She followed it with ''[[In Good Company (2004 film)|In Good Company]]'', a comedy-drama in which she complicates the life of her father when she dates his much younger boss. Reviews of the film were generally positive, describing it as "witty and charming".<ref>{{cite web |title=In Good Company (2004) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/in_good_company/ |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830134624/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/in_good_company |archive-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> Roger Ebert was impressed with Johansson's portrayal, writing that she "continues to employ the gravitational pull of quiet fascination".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=In Good Company Movie Review & Film Summary (2005) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/in-good-company-2005 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=January 13, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926191039/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/in-good-company-2005 |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> She would then reprise her role as Mindy in the [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (video game)|video game adaptation]] of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-first-look/1100-6103444/|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie First Look|access-date=October 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528232337/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-first-look/1100-6103444/|archive-date=May 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
===2005–2009: Collaborations with Woody Allen===<br />
Johansson played Nola, an aspiring actress who begins an affair with a married man (played by [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]]) in [[Woody Allen]]'s drama ''[[Match Point]]'' in 2005. After replacing [[Kate Winslet]] with Johansson for the role, Allen changed the character's nationality from British to American.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Garfield |first1=Simon |title=Why I love London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/aug/08/features.review |access-date=September 26, 2017 |work=[[The Observer]] |date=August 8, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926191008/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/aug/08/features.review |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> An admirer of Allen's films, Johansson liked the idea of working with him, but felt nervous her first day on the set.<ref>{{cite web |title=IndieLondon: Match Point – Scarlett Johansson interview – Your London Reviews |url=http://www.indielondon.co.uk/Film-Review/match-point-scarlett-johansson-interview |publisher=IndieLondon |access-date=September 26, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926195533/http://www.indielondon.co.uk/Film-Review/match-point-scarlett-johansson-interview |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' was impressed with the performances of Johansson and Rhys Meyers,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2005/12/28/movies/28matc.html |title=Match Point (2005) |first=A. O. |last=Scott |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 28, 2005 |access-date=July 31, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718003125/http://movies.nytimes.com/2005/12/28/movies/28matc.html |archive-date=July 18, 2012}}</ref> and Mick LaSalle, writing for the ''San Francisco Chronicle'', stated that Johansson "is a powerhouse from the word go", with a performance that "borders on astonishing".<ref>{{cite news |first=Mick |last=LaSalle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/01/06/DDG4SGHCJP1.DTL |title=Advantage Allen. Woody has done well to leave New York for London. He's back in the game with 'Match Point.' |date=January 6, 2006 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817092903/http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F01%2F06%2FDDG4SGHCJP1.DTL |archive-date=August 17, 2007}}</ref> The film, a box office success,<ref>{{cite web |title=Match Point (2005) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=matchpoint.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=September 26, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701235048/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=matchpoint.htm |archive-date=July 1, 2017}}</ref> earned Johansson nominations for the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Golden Globe]] and the [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref name= GGlobe /><ref name="nytawards">{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson profile |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/200222/Scarlett-Johansson/awards |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224112556/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/200222/Scarlett-Johansson/awards |archive-date=February 24, 2009}}</ref> Also that year, Johansson underwent a [[tonsillectomy]], after which she starred with [[Ewan McGregor]] in [[Michael Bay]]'s science fiction film ''[[The Island (2005 film)|The Island]]'', in dual roles as Sarah Jordan and her clone, Jordan Two Delta. Johansson found her filming schedule exhausting: she had to shoot for 14 hours a day, and she hit her head and injured herself.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett the action hero |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3644873/Scarlett-the-action-hero.html |access-date=October 4, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=July 8, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005050635/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3644873/Scarlett-the-action-hero.html |archive-date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews and grossed $163{{nbsp}}million against a $126{{nbsp}}million budget.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Island (2005) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/island |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304223911/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/island/ |archive-date=March 4, 2009}}<br />{{cite web |title=The Island (2005) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=island05.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=July 31, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723024226/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=island05.htm |archive-date=July 23, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Scarlett Johansson (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson on the set of ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]'' in 2007|alt=Scarlett Johansson with tousled medium length blonde hair loosely around her shoulders and face, looking to her right.]]<br />
<br />
Two of Johansson's films in 2006 explored the world of stage magicians, both opposite [[Hugh Jackman]]. Allen cast her opposite Jackman and himself in the film ''[[Scoop (2006 film)|Scoop]]'' (2006), in which she played a journalism student. The film was a modest worldwide box office success, but polarized critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=scoop.htm |title=Scoop |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 2, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727003003/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=scoop.htm |archive-date=July 27, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/scoop |title=Scoop (2006) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 2, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215000005/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/scoop/ |archive-date=February 15, 2009}}</ref> Ebert was critical of the film, but found Johansson "lovely as always",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=Scoop Movie Review & Film Summary (2006) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/scoop-2006 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928010008/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/scoop-2006 |archive-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> and Mick LaSalle noted the freshness she brought to her part.<ref name="sfgate">{{cite news |last=LaSalle |first=Mick |title='Scoop' is Allen's funniest film in years |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=July 28, 2006 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/07/28/DDGG5K5KIL1.DTL |access-date=September 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524194408/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F07%2F28%2FDDGG5K5KIL1.DTL |archive-date=May 24, 2011}}</ref> She also appeared in [[Brian De Palma]]'s ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]'', a [[film noir]] shot in Los Angeles and Bulgaria. Johansson later said she was a fan of De{{nbsp}}Palma and had wanted to work with him on the film, but thought that she was unsuitable for the part.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.about.com/od/theblackdahlia/a/dahliasj091306.htm |publisher=[[About.com]] |title=Scarlett Johansson Talks About The Black Dahlia |last=Murray |first=Rebecca |year=2006 |access-date=October 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213004251/http://movies.about.com/od/theblackdahlia/a/dahliasj091306.htm |archive-date=December 13, 2013}}</ref> [[Anne Billson]] of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' likewise found her miscast.<ref name="interesting" /> However, [[CNN]] said that she "takes to the pulpy period atmosphere as if it were oxygen".<ref>{{cite news |first=Owen |last=Gleiberman |title=Black Dahlia a stylish misfire |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Movies/09/15/ew.mov.blackdahlia/ |publisher=CNN |date=September 15, 2006 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103030029/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Movies/09/15/ew.mov.blackdahlia/ |archive-date=November 3, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Also in 2006, Johansson starred in the short film ''When the Deal Goes Down'' to accompany [[Bob Dylan]]'s song "When the Deal Goes Down..." from the album ''[[Modern Times (Bob Dylan album)|Modern Times]]''.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Scarlett Johansson Stars in 'When The Deal Goes Down' Film Directed by Bennett Miller Set to New Bob Dylan Song |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/scarlett-johansson-stars-in-when-the-deal-goes-down-film-directed-by-bennett-miller-set-to-new-bob-dylan-song-56282272.html |publisher=[[PR Newswire]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |date=August 31, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174217/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/scarlett-johansson-stars-in-when-the-deal-goes-down-film-directed-by-bennett-miller-set-to-new-bob-dylan-song-56282272.html |archive-date=March 31, 2014}}</ref> Johansson had a supporting role of assistant and lover of Jackman's character, an [[aristocratic]] magician, in [[Christopher Nolan]]'s mystery thriller ''[[The Prestige (film)|The Prestige]]'' (2006). Nolan thought Johansson possessed "ambiguity" and "a shielded quality".<ref name="esquire">{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson Is the Sexiest Woman Alive, 2006 |url=http://www.esquire.com/women/the-sexiest-woman-alive/scarlett-johansson-pics |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |first=A.J. |last=Jacobs |date=October 31, 2006 |archive-date=September 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906004443/http://www.esquire.com/women/the-sexiest-woman-alive/scarlett-johansson-pics |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="casting">{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Carle |title=Casting The Prestige |publisher=IGN |date=October 12, 2006 |url=http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/738/738782p1.html |access-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903025734/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/738/738782p1.html |archive-date=September 3, 2009}}</ref> She was fascinated with Nolan's directing methods and liked working with him.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fischer |first=Paul |title=Interview: Scarlett Johansson for "Scoop" |url=http://www.darkhorizons.com/features/1039/scarlett-johansson-for-scoop |publisher=[[Dark Horizons]] |date=July 26, 2006|access-date=March 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219140636/http://www.darkhorizons.com/features/1039/scarlett-johansson-for-scoop|archive-date=February 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a critical and box office success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://metacritic.com/film/titles/prestige |title=The Prestige (2006) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214233227/http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/prestige |archive-date=February 14, 2009}}<br />{{cite web |title=The Prestige |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=prestige.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621000309/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=prestige.htm |archive-date=June 21, 2009}}</ref> recommended by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' as "an adult, provocative piece of work".<ref>{{cite news |first=Kenneth |last=Turan |title=The Prestige |url=http://www.calendarlive.com/printedition/calendar/cl-et-prestige20oct20,0,1454799.story |date=October 20, 2006 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105020523/http://www.calendarlive.com/printedition/calendar/cl-et-prestige20oct20,0,1454799.story |archive-date=January 5, 2007 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Some critics were skeptical of her performance: Billson again judged her miscast, and Dan Jolin of ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' criticized her English accent.<ref name="interesting">{{cite news |last1=Billson |first1=Anne |author-link=Anne Billson |title=How Scarlett Johansson got interesting |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10458053/How-Scarlett-Johansson-got-interesting.html |access-date=September 27, 2017 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=November 19, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928060039/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10458053/How-Scarlett-Johansson-got-interesting.html |archive-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jolin |first1=Dan |title=The Prestige |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/prestige/review/ |access-date=September 27, 2017 |work=Empire |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805225820/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/prestige/review/ |archive-date=August 5, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson's sole release of 2007 was the critically panned comedy-drama ''[[The Nanny Diaries (film)|The Nanny Diaries]]'' alongside [[Chris Evans (actor)|Chris Evans]] and [[Laura Linney]], in which she played a college graduate working as a nanny. Reviews of her performance were mixed; ''Variety'' wrote, "[She] essays an engaging heroine",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/the-nanny-diaries-1200557099/ |title=The Nanny Diaries |first=Lael |last=Loewenstein |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=August 17, 2007 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906004923/http://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/the-nanny-diaries-1200557099/ |archive-date=September 6, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''The New Yorker'' criticized her for looking "merely confused" while "trying to give the material a plausible emotional center".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2007/09/03/070903crci_cinema_denby |title=Eastern, Western |first=David |last=Denby |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=September 3, 2007 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5msSPZ7Ou?url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2007/09/03/070903crci_cinema_denby |archive-date=January 18, 2010}}</ref> In 2008, Johansson starred, with [[Natalie Portman]] and [[Eric Bana]], in ''[[The Other Boleyn Girl (2008 film)|The Other Boleyn Girl]]'', which also earned mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Other Boleyn Girl |url=https://metacritic.com/film/titles/otherboleyngirl |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524081240/http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/otherboleyngirl/ |archive-date=May 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/m/other_boleyn_girl |title=The Other Boleyn Girl (2008) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627174425/http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/m/other_boleyn_girl/ |archive-date=June 27, 2009}}</ref> Promoting the film, Johansson and Portman appeared on the cover of ''[[W (magazine)|W]]'', discussing with the magazine the public's reception of them.<ref>{{cite news |title='Boleyn Girls' Natalie Portman & Scarlett Johansson Talk Monogamy |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20177666,00.html |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=February 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308081158/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20177666,00.html |archive-date=March 8, 2011}}</ref> In ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', [[Pete Travers]] criticized the film for "[moving] in frustrating herks and jerks", but thought that the duo were the only positive aspect of the production.<ref>{{cite web |last=Travers |first=Peter |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/14584631/review/18947849/other_boleyn_girl |title=Other Boleyn Girl |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=March 20, 2008 |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504132955/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/14584631/review/18947849/other_boleyn_girl |archive-date=May 4, 2009 }}</ref> ''Variety'' credited the cast as "almost flawless&nbsp;... at the top of its game", citing "Johansson's quieter Mary&nbsp;... as the [film's] emotional center".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Other Boleyn Girl |first=Derek |last=Elley |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 18, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&id=2478&reviewid=VE1117936222 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326235657/http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&id=2478&reviewid=VE1117936222 |archive-date=March 26, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
In her third collaboration with Woody Allen, the romantic comedy-drama ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]'' (2008), which was filmed in Spain, Johansson plays one of the love interests of [[Javier Bardem]]'s character alongside [[Penélope Cruz]].<ref name="usatoday807">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-08-21-scarlett-johansson-cover_N.htm |title=Hollywood enters the era of Scarlett Johansson |last=Stinson |first=Jeffrey |date=August 22, 2007 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=September 19, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030192546/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-08-21-scarlett-johansson-cover_N.htm |archive-date=October 30, 2007}}</ref> The film was one of Allen's most profitable and received favorable reviews.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vicky Cristina Barcelona |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=vickycristinabarcelona.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924084515/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=vickycristinabarcelona.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2009}}</ref><ref name="mctop08">{{cite web |url=https://metacritic.com/film/awards/2008/toptens.shtml |title=Metacritic: 2008 Film Critic Top Ten Lists |publisher=Metacritic |access-date=January 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227063722/http://www.metacritic.com/film/awards/2008/toptens.shtml |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A reviewer in ''Variety'' described Johansson as "open and malleable" compared to the other actors.<ref>{{cite news |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |title=Vicky Cristina Barcelona |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=May 19, 2008 |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&reviewid=VE1117937165&cs=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330071440/http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&reviewid=VE1117937165&cs=1 |archive-date=March 30, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She also played the ''[[femme fatale]]'' Silken Floss in ''[[The Spirit (film)|The Spirit]]'', based on the newspaper [[comic strip]] of [[Spirit (comics)|the same name]] by [[Will Eisner]]. It received poor reviews from critics, who deemed it melodramatic, unoriginal, and sexist.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/the_spirit |title=The Spirit (2008) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321173043/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_spirit/ |archive-date=March 21, 2009}}</ref> Johansson's only role in 2009 was as Anna Marks, a yoga instructor, in the ensemble comedy-drama ''[[He's Just Not That Into You (film)|He's Just Not That into You]]'' (2009). The film was released to tepid reviews, but was a box office success.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hesjustnotthatintoyou.htm |title=He's Just Not That into You |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809094956/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hesjustnotthatintoyou.htm |archive-date=August 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=He's Just Not That into You (2009) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/hes_just_not_that_into_you |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529125520/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hes_just_not_that_into_you/ |archive-date=May 29, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2010–2013: Marvel Cinematic Universe and stage work===<br />
[[File:Scarlett Johansson SDCC 2013 by Gage Skidmore 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson at the 2013 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
<br />
Johansson had aspired to appear on Broadway since childhood. She made her debut in a 2010 revival of [[Arthur Miller]]'s drama ''[[A View from the Bridge]]''.<ref name="GMUK">{{cite web |url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2010/06/14/scarlett-johansson-wins-best-actress-tony-award |title=Scarlett Johansson wins Best Actress Tony Award |date=June 14, 2010 |work=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331160715/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2010/06/14/scarlett-johansson-wins-best-actress-tony-award |archive-date=March 31, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadway.com/buzz/scarlett-johansson-makes-her-broadway-debut-opposite-tony-winner-liev-schreiber-view-bridge/ |title=Scarlett Johansson to Make Her Broadway Debut Opposite Liev Schreiber in A View from the Bridge |date=October 26, 2009 |publisher=[[Key Brand Entertainment|Broadway.com]] |access-date=February 3, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327090703/http://www.broadway.com/buzz/scarlett-johansson-makes-her-broadway-debut-opposite-tony-winner-liev-schreiber-view-bridge/ |archive-date=March 27, 2010}}</ref> Set in the 1950s, in an Italian-American neighborhood in New York, it tells the tragic tale of Eddie (played by [[Liev Schreiber]]), who has an inappropriate love for his wife's orphaned niece, Catherine (played by Johansson). After some reservations about playing a teenage character, Johansson agreed to the play when a friend convinced her to take on the part.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Isherwood |first1=Charles |title=Scarlett Johansson Made Broadway Look Easy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/theater/theaterspecial/16scarlett.html |access-date=October 3, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 12, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044004/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/theater/theaterspecial/16scarlett.html |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> [[Ben Brantley]] of ''The New York Times'' wrote of Johansson's performance that she "melts into her character so thoroughly that her nimbus of celebrity disappears".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brantley |first1=Ben |author-link=Ben Brantley |title=Theater Review – 'A View From the Bridge' – Arthur Miller's Tragic View From Brooklyn, at Cort Theater |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/25/theater/reviews/25view.html |access-date=September 28, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 25, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000926/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/25/theater/reviews/25view.html |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> ''Variety''{{'}}s David Rooney was impressed with the play and Johansson in particular, describing her as the chief performer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rooney |first1=David |title=A View From the Bridge |url=https://variety.com/2010/legit/reviews/a-view-from-the-bridge-1117941959/ |access-date=September 28, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=January 25, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000836/http://variety.com/2010/legit/reviews/a-view-from-the-bridge-1117941959/ |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> She won the 2010 [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/14/theater/theaterspecial/14tony.html |title='Red' and 'Memphis' Win Top Tony Awards |last=Healy |first=Patrick |date=June 14, 2010 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045201/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/14/theater/theaterspecial/14tony.html |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> Some critics and Broadway actors criticized the award committee's decision to reward the work of mainstream Hollywood actors, including Johansson. In response, she said that she understood the frustration, but had worked hard for her accomplishments.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Evans |first1=Suzy |title=Broadway Backlash Against Hollywood Stars Heats Up as Tony Awards Approach |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/broadway-backlash-hollywood-stars-heats-193117 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=May 30, 2011 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025190216/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/broadway-backlash-hollywood-stars-heats-193117 |archive-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson played [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Black Widow]] in [[Jon Favreau]]'s ''[[Iron Man 2]]'' (2010),<ref>{{cite web |author1=Finke, Nikki |title=Another 'Iron Man 2' Deal: Scarlett Johannson To Replace Emily Blunt As Black Widow For Lousy Lowball Money |url=https://deadline.com/2009/03/another-iron-man-2-exclusive-scarlett-johannson-will-replace-emily-blunt-in-iron-man-2-8763/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=April 28, 2015 |date=March 11, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501213236/http://deadline.com/2009/03/another-iron-man-2-exclusive-scarlett-johannson-will-replace-emily-blunt-in-iron-man-2-8763/ |archive-date=May 1, 2015}}</ref> a part of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU).<ref name=MCU>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/marvel-cinematic-universe-ranked-2/ |publisher=[[/Film]] |title=Heroes, Villains, Rejects, and A-Holes: The Marvel Cinematic Universe Ranked |date=May 10, 2017 |access-date=September 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001031417/http://www.slashfilm.com/marvel-cinematic-universe-ranked-2/ |archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref> Before she secured the role, she dyed her hair red to convince Favreau that she was right for the part, and undertook stunt and [[strength training]] to prepare for the role.<ref>{{cite web |first=Rebecca |last=Murray |title=Scarlett Johansson Interview – 'Iron Man 2' |url=http://movies.about.com/od/ironman2/a/scarlett-johansson.htm |publisher=About.com |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6A5VQqK4u?url=http://movies.about.com/od/ironman2/a/scarlett-johansson.htm |archive-date=August 21, 2012}}</ref> Johansson said the character resonated with her, and she admired the superhero's human traits.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/people/celebrities/2015/02/scarlett-johansson-new-mom-the-avengers/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Is Nobody's Baby |last=Hirschberg |first=Lynn |work=[[W (magazine)|W]] |date=February 9, 2015 |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6WQ0WepJM?url=http://www.wmagazine.com/people/celebrities/2015/02/scarlett-johansson-new-mom-the-avengers/ |archive-date=February 17, 2015}}</ref> The film earned $623.9{{nbsp}}million against its $200{{nbsp}}million budget, and received generally positive reviews from critics, although reviewers criticized how her character was written.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ironman2.htm |title=Iron Man 2 |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=July 4, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602032832/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ironman2.htm |archive-date=June 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/iron_man_2 |title=Iron Man 2 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=July 4, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625102736/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/iron_man_2/ |archive-date=June 25, 2012}}</ref> Tim Robey of ''The Daily Telegraph'' and Matt Goldberg thought that she had little to do but look attractive.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robey |first1=Tim |title=Iron Man 2, review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/7652746/Iron-Man-2-review.html |access-date=September 28, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=April 29, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623181745/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/7652746/Iron-Man-2-review.html |archive-date=June 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldberg |first1=Matt |title=Iron Man 2 Review |url=https://collider.com/iron-man-2-review-movie/ |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=September 28, 2017 |date=May 6, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000950/http://collider.com/iron-man-2-review-movie/ |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> In 2011, Johansson played the role of Kelly, a zookeeper in the family film ''[[We Bought a Zoo]]'' alongside [[Matt Damon]]. The film got mainly favorable reviews, and Anne Billson praised Johansson for bringing depth to a rather uninteresting character.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/we_bought_a_zoo |title=We Bought a Zoo |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=July 5, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630075847/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/we_bought_a_zoo/ |archive-date=June 30, 2012}}</ref><ref name="interesting" /> Johansson earned a [[Teen Choice Award]] for Choice Movie Actress: Drama nomination for her performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1690174/teen-choice-awards-winners-list/ |title=Teen Choice Awards 2012: Complete Winners List |date=July 22, 2012 |publisher=[[MTV]] |access-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702121854/http://www.mtv.com/news/1690174/teen-choice-awards-winners-list/ |archive-date=July 2, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson learned some Russian from a former teacher on the phone for her role as Black Widow in ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Frost |first1=Caroline |title=Interview: Scarlett Johansson On Buffing Up For Avengers, Speaking Russian And Trying To Look Sexy... |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/09/13/interview-scarlett-johansson-avengers-assemble-marvel_n_1880147.html |access-date=September 29, 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=September 13, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929183431/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/09/13/interview-scarlett-johansson-avengers-assemble-marvel_n_1880147.html |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> another entry from the MCU.<ref name=MCU /> The film received mainly positive reviews and broke many box office records, becoming the third highest-grossing film both in the United States and worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Marvel's The Avengers (2012) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=June 30, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630071806/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers/ |archive-date=June 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-avengers-number-three-332331 |title=Box Office Milestone: 'The Avengers' Becomes No. 3 Pic of All Time With $1.331 Billion |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |date=June 2, 2012 |access-date=June 30, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsxwZv7E?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-avengers-number-three-332331 |archive-date=November 2, 2012}}</ref> For her performance, she was nominated for two [[Teen Choice Awards]] and three [[People's Choice Awards]].{{efn|She was nominated for Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy and Choice Summer Movie Star: Female, and People's Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actress, Favorite On-Screen Chemistry (shared with [[Jeremy Renner]]) and Favorite Face of Heroism.<ref name="AccoTeenChoice">{{cite web |url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/pdf/TEENCHOICE2012WaveOneNoms.pdf |title=First Wave of 'Teen Choice 2012' Nominees Announced |publisher=[[Teen Choice Awards]] |date=May 18, 2012 |access-date=May 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67lBFxFbN?url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/pdf/TEENCHOICE2012WaveOneNoms.pdf |archive-date=May 18, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="PeoplesChoice">{{cite web |title=The People's Choice Awards nominees are ... |url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2013 |publisher=[[People's Choice Awards]] |access-date=September 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6SejTNyCN?url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2013 |archive-date=September 17, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Later that year, Johansson portrayed actress [[Janet Leigh]] in [[Sacha Gervasi]]'s ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', a behind-the-scenes drama about the making of [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s 1960 film ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kroll |first=Justin |url=https://variety.com/article/VR1118050966 |title=Scarlett Johansson to star in 'Making of Psycho' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=March 1, 2012 |access-date=March 29, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404210722/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118050966 |archive-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref> Roger Ebert wrote that Johansson did not look much like Leigh, but conveyed her spunk, intelligence, and sense of humor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=Hitchcock Movie Review & Film Summary (2012) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/hitchcock-2012 |access-date=September 29, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=November 20, 2012 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231502/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/hitchcock-2012 |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Don Jon 09 (9725727751) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Johansson at the [[2013 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
<br />
In January 2013, Johansson starred in a Broadway revival of ''[[Cat on a Hot Tin Roof]],'' directed by [[Rob Ashford]]. Set in the [[Mississippi Delta]], it examines the relationships within the family of Big Daddy (played by [[Ciarán Hinds]]), primarily between his son Brick (played by [[Benjamin Walker (actor)|Benjamin Walker]]) and Maggie (played by Johansson).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/170231-Benjamin-Walker-Debra-Monk-and-Ciaran-Hinds-Will-Join-Scarlett-Johansson-in-Broadways-Cat-on-a-Hot-Tin-Roof |title=Benjamin Walker, Debra Monk and Ciaran Hinds Will Join Scarlett Johansson in Broadway's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof |last=Hetrick |first=Adam |date=September 20, 2012 |work=[[Playbill]] |access-date=November 28, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103134414/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/170231-Benjamin-Walker-Debra-Monk-and-Ciaran-Hinds-Will-Join-Scarlett-Johansson-in-Broadways-Cat-on-a-Hot-Tin-Roof |archive-date=January 3, 2013}}</ref> Her performance received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.eonline.com/news/379889/scarlett-johansson-in-cat-on-a-hot-tin-roof-early-reviews-surface-critics-not-so-hot-about-broadway-revival |title=Scarlett Johansson in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Early Reviews Surface, Critics Not So Hot About Broadway Revival |last=Grossberg |first=Josh |date=January 18, 2013 |publisher=E! News |access-date=January 18, 2013}}</ref> ''Entertainment Weekly''{{'}}s Thom Geier wrote, "Scarlett Johansson brings a fierce fighting spirit" to her part,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Geier |first=Thom |date=February 1, 2013 |title=Cat on a Hot Tin Roof |journal=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |page=123}}</ref> but Joe Dziemianowicz from ''[[The Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' called her performance "alarmingly one-note".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/theater-review-cat-hot-tin-roof-article-1.1241257 |title=Theater review: 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' |last=Dziemianowicz |first=Joe |date=January 16, 2013 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=March 9, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423113720/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/theater-review-cat-hot-tin-roof-article-1.1241257 |archive-date=April 23, 2013}}</ref> The [[2013 Sundance Film Festival]] hosted the premiere of [[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]]'s directorial debut, ''[[Don Jon]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |title=Joseph Gordon-Levitt directorial debut sells for $4m |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/22/joseph-gordon-levitt-directorial-debut |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=February 18, 2013 |date=January 22, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172720/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/22/joseph-gordon-levitt-directorial-debut |archive-date=October 2, 2013}}</ref> In this romantic comedy-drama, she plays a woman perplexed by the [[Pornography addiction|pornography-addicted]] title character. Gordon-Levitt wrote the role for Johansson, who had previously admired his acting work.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Breznican |first1=Anthony |title='Don Jon': How Joseph Gordon-Levitt wooed Scarlett Johansson |url=https://ew.com/article/2013/09/27/don-jon-how-joseph-gordon-levitt-wooed-scarlett-johansson-for-his-porn-obsession-satire/ |access-date=September 29, 2017 |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 27, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929183521/http://ew.com/article/2013/09/27/don-jon-how-joseph-gordon-levitt-wooed-scarlett-johansson-for-his-porn-obsession-satire/ |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> The film received positive reviews and Johansson's performance was highlighted by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/don_jon |title=Don Jon |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=September 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001061853/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/don_jon/ |archive-date=October 1, 2013}}</ref> Claudia Puig of ''[[USA Today]]'' considered it to be one of her best performances.<ref>{{cite web |last=Puig |first=Claudia |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/26/don-jon-review/2711907 |title='Don Jon' weaves porn and comedy with unexpected charm |work=[[USA Today]] |date=September 27, 2013 |access-date=September 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928025528/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/26/don-jon-review/2711907/ |archive-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013, Johansson voiced the character Samantha, an intelligent computer operating system, in [[Spike Jonze]]'s film ''[[Her (film)|Her]],'' replacing [[Samantha Morton]] in the role.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vulture.com/2013/06/spike-jonze-replaced-samantha-morton-with-scarjo.html |title=Exclusive: Scarlett Johansson Replaced Samantha Morton in Spike Jonze's New Film, Her |last=Buchanan |first=Kyle |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=June 21, 2013 |access-date=December 25, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102014900/http://www.vulture.com/2013/06/spike-jonze-replaced-samantha-morton-with-scarjo.html |archive-date=January 2, 2014}}</ref> The film premiered at the 8th [[Rome Film Festival|Rome International Film Festival]], where Johansson won Best Actress; she was also nominated for the [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Henry |title=Scarlett Johansson voted best actress for voice-only role in Her |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/18/scarlett-johansson-her-best-actress |access-date=February 13, 2015 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 18, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007170851/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/18/scarlett-johansson-her-best-actress |archive-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/critics-choice-movie-awards-nominees-full-list-652803/ |title=American Hustle, 12 Years A Slave Lead BFCA's Critics Choice Movie Awards Nominations |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=September 29, 2017 |date=December 17, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6SoTeknMn?url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/critics-choice-movie-awards-nominees-full-list-652803/ |archive-date=September 23, 2014}}</ref> Johansson was intimidated by the role's complexity, and found her recording sessions for the role challenging but liberating.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Chris |title=Scarlett Johansson found her Siri-esque character in 'Her' liberating |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2013/nov/01/entertainment/la-et-mn-ca-sneaks-scarlett-johansson-her-20131103 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 1, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302144039/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/nov/01/entertainment/la-et-mn-ca-sneaks-scarlett-johansson-her-20131103 |archive-date=March 2, 2017}}</ref> Peter Travers believed Johansson's voice in the film was "sweet, sexy, caring, manipulative, scary [and] award-worthy".<ref>{{cite web |last=Travers |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Travers |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/her-20131218 |title='Her' Movie Review |newspaper=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=December 18, 2013 |access-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929001025/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/her-20131218 |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's [[Richard Corliss]] called her performance "seductive and winning",<ref name="TIME">{{Cite journal |last=Corliss |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Corliss |url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/12/spike-jonzes-her-falling-in-love-with-the-it-girl/ |title=Spike Jonze's 'her': Falling in Love With the IT Girl |journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 12, 2013 |access-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309042627/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/12/spike-jonzes-her-falling-in-love-with-the-it-girl/ |archive-date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> and ''Her'' was rated as one of the best films of 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 Film Critic Top 10 Lists |url=https://metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-10-lists-best-movies-of-2013 |publisher=Metacritic |access-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102162352/http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-10-lists-best-movies-of-2013 |archive-date=January 2, 2014}}</ref><br />
She also won the [[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress]] at the [[40th Saturn Awards]] in 2014 for her performance. Johansson was cast in the role of an alien who preys on men in Scotland in [[Jonathan Glazer]]'s science fiction film ''[[Under the Skin (2013 film)|Under the Skin]]'' (2013). The project, an adaptation of [[Michel Faber]]'s [[Under the Skin (novel)|novel of the same name]], took nine years to complete.<ref name="UTS">{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2013/08/scarlett-johansson-under-the-skin-trailer |title=Alien Scarlett Johansson Seduces Scottish Men (but Not Early Critics) in Under the Skin, Her Sexy Hitchhiker Movie |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |first=Julie |last=Miller |date=September 3, 2013 |access-date=September 8, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905205257/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2013/08/scarlett-johansson-under-the-skin-trailer |archive-date=September 5, 2013}}</ref> For the role, she learned to drive a van and speak in an English accent.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/mar/06/under-the-skin-director-jonathan-glazer-scarlett-johansson |title=Under the Skin: why did this chilling masterpiece take a decade? |last1=Leigh |first1=Danna |date=March 6, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=April 29, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604192026/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/mar/06/under-the-skin-director-jonathan-glazer-scarlett-johansson |archive-date=June 4, 2014}}</ref> Johansson improvised conversations with non-professional actors on the street, who did not know they were being filmed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-26559813 |title=Scarlett Johansson on playing 'unscripted' scavenging alien |last1=Jones |first1=Emma |date=March 16, 2014 |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |access-date=March 17, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316214649/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-26559813 |archive-date=March 16, 2014}}</ref> It was released to generally positive reviews, with particular praise for Johansson.<ref name="UTS" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/under_the_skin_2013/ |title=Under the Skin (2013) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=April 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404153404/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/under_the_skin_2013/ |archive-date=April 4, 2014}}</ref> Erin Whitney, writing for ''[[HuffPost|The Huffington Post]]'', considered it to be her finest performance to that point, and noted that it was her first [[Nudity in film|fully nude]] role.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/03/scarlett-johansson-under-the-skin_n_5083880.html |title=Scarlett Johansson Opens Up About Her First Fully Nude Role In 'Under The Skin' |last=Whitney |first=Erin |date=April 4, 2014 |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=September 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205120446/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/03/scarlett-johansson-under-the-skin_n_5083880.html |archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Author Maureen Foster wrote, "How much depth, breadth, and range Johansson mines from her character's very limited allowance of emotional response is a testament to her acting prowess that is, as the film goes on, increasingly stunning."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Alien in the Mirror: Scarlett Johansson, Jonathan Glazer, and Under the Skin|last=Foster|first=Maureen|publisher=McFarland & Co., Inc.|year=2019|isbn=9781476670423|location=North Carolina|pages=44}}</ref> It earned Johansson a [[BIFA Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a British Independent Film]] nomination.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bifa.film/awards/nominations/2013 |title=Nominations Awards 2013 |work=[[British Independent Film Awards]] |access-date=September 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930180007/https://www.bifa.film/awards/nominations/2013 |archive-date=September 30, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2014–present: Blockbuster films and critical acclaim===<br />
[[File:Scarlett Johansson Césars 2014.jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson at the [[39th César Awards|2014 César Awards]]|alt=Scarlett Johansson, wearing a dark blue coat, smiles to her left.]]<br />
<br />
Continuing her work in the MCU, Johansson reprised her role as Black Widow in ''[[Captain America: The Winter Soldier]]'' (2014). In the film, she joins forces with [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Captain America]] (Chris Evans) and [[Sam Wilson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Falcon]] ([[Anthony Mackie]]) to uncover a conspiracy within [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]], while facing a mysterious assassin known as the [[Winter Soldier (comics)|Winter Soldier]]. Johansson and Evans wrote their own dialogue for several scenes they had together.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Earp |first1=Catherine |title=Captain America stars contributed to script |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/captain-america/news/a590809/captain-america-actors-contributed-to-winter-soldier-script/ |work=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=October 2, 2017 |date=August 16, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002220351/http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/captain-america/news/a590809/captain-america-actors-contributed-to-winter-soldier-script/ |archive-date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> Johansson was attracted to her character's way of doing her job, employing her feminine wiles and not her physical appeal.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Radish |first1=Christina |title=Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Samuel L. Jackson and Kevin Feige Talk Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Evolution of Black Widow, and Much More |url=https://collider.com/chris-evans-scarlett-johansson-captain-america-winter-soldier-interview/ |publisher=Collider |access-date=October 2, 2017 |date=March 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003025826/http://collider.com/chris-evans-scarlett-johansson-captain-america-winter-soldier-interview/ |archive-date=October 3, 2017}}</ref> The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $714{{nbsp}}million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/captain_america_the_winter_soldier_2014/ |title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=April 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726040718/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/captain_america_the_winter_soldier_2014/ |archive-date=July 26, 2015}}</ref> Critic Odie Henderson saw "a genuine emotional shorthand at work, especially from Johansson, who is excellent here".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Henderson |first1=Odie |title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier Movie Review (2014) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/captain-america-the-winter-soldier-2014 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=April 3, 2014 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002220315/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/captain-america-the-winter-soldier-2014 |archive-date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> The role earned her a [[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress]] nomination.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Emily |title=2015 Saturn Awards: 'Captain America: Winter Soldier,' 'Walking Dead' lead nominees |url=https://ew.com/article/2015/03/04/saturn-awards-captain-america-walking-dead/ |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 4, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822191124/http://ew.com/article/2015/03/04/saturn-awards-captain-america-walking-dead/ |archive-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson played a supporting role in the film ''[[Chef (2014 film)|Chef]]'' (2014), alongside [[Robert Downey, Jr.]], [[Sofía Vergara]], and director Jon Favreau. It grossed over $45{{nbsp}}million at the box office and was well received by critics. The ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' writer [[Richard Roeper]] found the film "funny, quirky and insightful, with a bounty of interesting supporting characters".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/movies/27402577-421/chef-a-funny-story-then-a-long-dinner-break.html |title='Chef': A funny story, then a long dinner break |date=May 15, 2014 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |first=Richard |last=Roeper |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529123900/http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/movies/27402577-421/chef-a-funny-story-then-a-long-dinner-break.html |archive-date=May 29, 2014}}</ref> In [[Luc Besson]]'s science fiction action film ''[[Lucy (2014 film)|Lucy]]'' (2014), Johansson starred as the title character, who gains psychokinetic abilities when a nootropic drug is absorbed into her bloodstream.<ref name="hollywoodreporter2">{{cite web |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/scarlett-johansson-star-luc-bessons-446576 |title=Scarlett Johansson to Star in Luc Besson's Latest Action Movie (Exclusive) |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=April 22, 2013 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822103821/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/scarlett-johansson-star-luc-bessons-446576 |archive-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref> Besson discussed the role with several actresses, and cast Johansson based on her strong reaction to the script and her discipline.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucy Production Notes |work=[[Universal Pictures]] |access-date=August 11, 2014 |url=http://www.lucymovie.com/pdf/lucy_production_notes.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801123339/http://lucymovie.com/pdf/lucy_production_notes.pdf |archive-date=August 1, 2014}}</ref> Critics generally praised the film's themes, visuals, and Johansson's performance; some found the plot nonsensical.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lombardi |first=Ken |title='Lucy,' 'Hercules' both get strength from critics |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=July 25, 2014 |access-date=September 8, 2014 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lucy-hercules-both-get-strength-from-critics/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910200221/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/lucy-hercules-both-get-strength-from-critics/ |archive-date=September 10, 2014}}<br />{{cite web |last=Sims |first=David |title=Is 'Lucy' Being Criticized as Dumb Because It's About Being Smart? |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=July 25, 2014 |access-date=July 25, 2014 |url=http://www.thewire.com/entertainment/2014/07/is-lucy-being-criticized-as-dumb-because-its-about-being-smart/375053/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725173824/http://www.thewire.com/entertainment/2014/07/is-lucy-being-criticized-as-dumb-because-its-about-being-smart/375053/ |archive-date=July 25, 2014}}<br />{{cite web |last=Gettell |first=Oliver |title='Lucy': 5 reasons the Scarlett Johansson film ruled the box office |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 22, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-lucy-5-reasons-scarlett-johansson-ruled-the-box-office-20140728-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826153932/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-lucy-5-reasons-scarlett-johansson-ruled-the-box-office-20140728-story.html |archive-date=August 26, 2014}}</ref> [[IGN]]'s Jim Vejvoda attributed the film's success to her acting and Besson's style.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vejvoda |first=Jim |title=Lucy Review |publisher=IGN |date=July 23, 2014 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |url=https://ign.com/articles/2014/07/23/lucy-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905235500/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/07/23/lucy-review |archive-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> The film grossed $458{{nbsp}}million on a budget of $40{{nbsp}}million to become [[2014 in film|the 18th highest-grossing film of 2014]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 Yearly Box Office Results |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2014&p=.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=October 2, 2017 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914071826/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2014&p=.htm |archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref><!-- NOTE: Before adding material about ''Lucy'' taking the spot for the third highest-grossing opening for a female-driven action film, behind ''Wanted'' and ''Lara Croft: Tomb Raider'', see the discussion from the Lucy (2014 film) talk page about this matter.--><br />
<br />
In 2015 and 2016, Johansson again played Black Widow in the MCU films ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''. During filming of the former, a mixture of close-ups, concealing costumes, stunt doubles and visual effects were used to hide her pregnancy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/07/18/avengers-age-of-ultron-scarlett-johanssons-pregnancy/ |title=How 'Avengers: Age of Ultron' will hide Scarlett Johansson's pregnancy |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=July 18, 2014 |access-date=July 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6RAdLPGJO?url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/07/18/avengers-age-of-ultron-scarlett-johanssons-pregnancy/ |archive-date=July 19, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Both films earned more than $1.1{{nbsp}}billion, ranking among the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing films of all time]].<ref name="all time">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office Grosses |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=October 2, 2017 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102025933/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref> For ''Civil War'', Johansson earned her second nomination for [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie]] and her fourth for Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kilday |first1=Gregg |title='La La Land,' 'Arrival,' 'Moonlight' Top Critics' Choice Nominations |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/lists/critics-choice-awards-2016-film-nomination-complete-list-951822 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=December 1, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228013612/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/critics-choice-awards-2016-film-nomination-complete-list-951822 |archive-date=February 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bryant |first1=Jacob |title='Star Wars,' 'Mad Max,' 'Walking Dead' Lead Saturn Awards Nominations |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/saturn-awards-nominations-2016-star-wars-mad-max-1201713942/ |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 24, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507141412/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/saturn-awards-nominations-2016-star-wars-mad-max-1201713942/ |archive-date=May 7, 2016}}</ref> Earlier in 2016, Johansson had featured in the [[Coen brothers]]' well-received comedy film ''[[Hail, Caesar!]]'' about a "fixer" working in the classical Hollywood cinema, trying to discover what happened to a cast member who vanished during the filming of a biblical epic; Johansson plays an actress who becomes pregnant while her film is in production.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/hail_caesar_2016/ |title=Hail, Caesar! (2016) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=October 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830120540/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hail_caesar_2016 |archive-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> She also voiced [[Kaa]] in Jon Favreau's live-action adaptation of [[Walt Disney Pictures|Disney's]] ''[[The Jungle Book (2016 film)|The Jungle Book]]'', and Ash in the animated musical comedy film ''[[Sing (2016 American film)|Sing]]'' (both 2016).<ref>{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/scarlett_johansson |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=October 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830071454/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/scarlett_johansson |archive-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> That year she also narrated an audiobook of [[Lewis Carroll]]'s children's novel ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Listen to Scarlett Johansson Narrate Alice in Wonderland, Directed by Her Sister |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/01/scarlett-johansson-alice-in-wonderland |access-date=April 15, 2020 |magazine=Vanity Fair |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426171717/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/01/scarlett-johansson-alice-in-wonderland |archive-date=April 26, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Ghost In The Shell World Premiere Red Carpet, Scarlett Johansson (cropped).JPG|thumb|left|upright|Johansson at the premiere of ''[[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' in 2017]]<br />
<br />
Johansson played [[Motoko Kusanagi]] in [[Rupert Sanders]]'s 2017 [[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|film adaptation]] of the ''[[Ghost in the Shell]]'' franchise. The film was praised for its visual style, acting, and cinematography, but was the subject of controversy for [[Whitewashing in film|whitewashing]] the cast, particularly Johansson's character, a cyborg who was meant to hold the memories of a Japanese woman.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/16/dreamworks-scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-the-shell-whitewashing |title=DreamWorks accused of 'whitewashing' Ghost in the Shell by casting Scarlett Johansson |last=Child |first=Ben |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 16, 2015 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527022409/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/16/dreamworks-scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-the-shell-whitewashing |archive-date=May 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/15/petition-scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-shell_n_6481288.html |title=Petition Calls For Recast of Scarlett Johansson's Role In 'Ghost in the Shell' |work=[[HuffPost]] |last=Sieczkowski |first=Cavan |date=January 15, 2015 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322203429/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/15/petition-scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-shell_n_6481288.html |archive-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref> Responding to the backlash, the actress asserted she would never play a non-white character, but wanted to take the rare opportunity to star in a female-led franchise.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hauser |first1=Brooke |title=Scarlett Johansson on Politics, Motherhood, and 'Ghost in a Shell'|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a25191/scarlett-johansson-march-2017-cover/ |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Marie Claire]] |date=February 6, 2017 }}</ref> ''Ghost in the Shell'' grossed $169.8{{nbsp}}million worldwide against a production budget of $110{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ghostintheshell2017.htm |title=The Ghost in the Shell (2017) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906213024/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ghostintheshell2017.htm |archive-date=September 6, 2017}}</ref> In March 2017, Johansson hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' for the fifth time, making her the 17th person, and the fourth woman,{{efn|After [[Candice Bergen]], [[Drew Barrymore]], and former cast member [[Tina Fey]].<ref name="billboard">{{cite web |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/television/7718236/scarlett-johansson-saturday-night-live |title=Watch Scarlett Johansson Join the Five-Timers' Club on 'Saturday Night Live' |last=Tarnoff |first=Brooke |work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=March 12, 2017 |access-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312222146/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/television/7718236/scarlett-johansson-saturday-night-live |archive-date=March 12, 2017}}</ref>}} to enter the [[NBC]] sketch comedy's prestigious [[Five-Timers Club]].<ref name="billboard" /> Johansson's next 2017 film was the comedy ''[[Rough Night]]'', where she played Jess Thayer, one of the five friends—alongside [[Kate McKinnon]], [[Jillian Bell]], [[Ilana Glazer]], and [[Zoë Kravitz]]—whose bachelorette party goes wrong after a male stripper dies. The film had a mixed critical reception and moderate box office returns.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hughes |first1=Mark |title='Wonder Woman' Powering To Super $550+ Million This Weekend |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/markhughes/2017/06/15/wonder-woman-powering-to-super-550-million-this-weekend/ |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=June 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008233835/https://www.forbes.com/sites/markhughes/2017/06/15/wonder-woman-powering-to-super-550-million-this-weekend/ |archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Johansson voiced show dog Nutmeg in [[Wes Anderson]]'s stop-motion animated film ''[[Isle of Dogs (film)|Isle of Dogs]]'', released in March,<ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Mekado |title=Making the Dogs of 'Isle of Dogs' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/movies/isle-of-dogs-behind-the-scenes-wes-anderson.html |access-date=March 30, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330033613/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/movies/isle-of-dogs-behind-the-scenes-wes-anderson.html|archive-date=March 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and reprised her MCU role as Black Widow in ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'', which followed the next month.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avengers_infinity_war |title=Avengers: Infinity War (2018) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=April 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427004733/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avengers_infinity_war |archive-date=April 27, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson was due to star in ''Rub & Tug'', a biographical film in which she would have played [[Dante "Tex" Gill]], a [[transgender]] man who operated a massage parlor and prostitution ring in the 1970s and 1980s. She dropped out of the project following backlash over the casting of a [[cisgender]] woman to play a transgender man.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Galuppo |first1=Mia |title=Scarlett Johansson Drops Out of 'Rub & Tug' Trans Film Following Backlash |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/scarlett-johansson-drops-trans-film-rub-tug-backlash-1127003 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=July 13, 2018 |date=July 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713185655/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/scarlett-johansson-drops-trans-film-rub-tug-backlash-1127003 |archive-date=July 13, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019, Johansson once again reprised her role as Black Widow in ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'', which is the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing film]] of all time.<ref name="all time" /> She next starred in [[Noah Baumbach]]'s [[Netflix]] film ''[[Marriage Story]]'', in which [[Adam Driver]] and she played a warring couple who file for divorce. Johansson found a connection with her character, as she was amid her own divorce proceedings at the time.<ref name="thr19">{{cite news |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |title=The Season of Scarlett Johansson: Two Hot Films, Her Marvel Future, Woody Allen and a Pick for President |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/scarlett-johansson-talks-woody-allen-elizabeth-warren-black-widow-1235618 |access-date=January 7, 2020 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190905020759/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/scarlett-johansson-talks-woody-allen-elizabeth-warren-black-widow-1235618 |archive-date=September 5, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Peter Bradshaw]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' commended her "brilliantly textured" performance in it.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Bradshaw |title=Marriage Story review: Adam Driver v Scarlett Johansson in devastating divorce drama |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/aug/29/marriage-story-review-adam-driver-scarlett-johansson-divorce-comedy-drama-noah-baumbach |access-date=August 30, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829232723/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/aug/29/marriage-story-review-adam-driver-scarlett-johansson-divorce-comedy-drama-noah-baumbach |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> She also took on the supporting role of a young boy's mother who shelters a Jewish girl in [[Nazi Germany]] in [[Taika Waititi]]'s satire ''[[Jojo Rabbit]]''. Waititi modeled the character on his own mother, and cast Johansson to provide her a rare opportunity to perform comedy.<ref name="thr19"/> The film received polarizing reviews, but [[Stephanie Zacharek]] labeled her the "lustrous soul of the movie."<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Adam |title=Jojo Rabbit dubbed a 'self-congratulatory' 'hipster Nazi comedy' in mixed first reviews |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jojo-rabbit-review-toronto-film-festival-taika-waititi-hitler-comedy-a9097186.html |access-date=September 10, 2019 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=September 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910214057/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jojo-rabbit-review-toronto-film-festival-taika-waititi-hitler-comedy-a9097186.html |archive-date=September 10, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Zacharek |first=Stephanie |title=Jojo Rabbit Is a Tender Black Comedy About Dark Times |url=https://time.com/5709376/jojo-rabbit-movie-review/ |access-date=January 7, 2020 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216111927/https://time.com/5709376/jojo-rabbit-movie-review/ |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Johansson received her first two [[Academy Award]] nominations, for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] and [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] for her performances in ''Marriage Story'' and ''Jojo Rabbit'', respectively, becoming the eleventh performer to be [[List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year|nominated for two Oscars in the same year]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Vary|first=Adam B.|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/awards/scarlett-johansson-two-oscar-nominations-1203463697/|title=Scarlett Johansson Joins Elite Oscars Two-Timers Club With Double Nominations|work=Variety|date=January 13, 2020|access-date=January 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113142500/https://variety.com/2020/film/awards/scarlett-johansson-two-oscar-nominations-1203463697/|archive-date=January 13, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> She also received two BAFTA nominations for these films, and a Golden Globe nomination for the former.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/2020-golden-globes-nominations-list-nominees-1203426905/|title=Golden Globes 2020: The Complete Nominations List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209155211/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/2020-golden-globes-nominations-list-nominees-1203426905/|archive-date=December 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ritman|first=Alex|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bafta-awards-2020-nominations-unveiled-1267114|title='Joker' Leads BAFTA 2020 Nominations|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 6, 2020|access-date=January 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107092213/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bafta-awards-2020-nominations-unveiled-1267114|archive-date=January 7, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson reprised her role as Black Widow in her own [[Black Widow (2021 film)|solo prequel film]] directed by [[Cate Shortland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-widow-movie-be-directed-by-cate-shortland-1126708 |title='Black Widow' Movie Finds Director in Cate Shortland (Exclusive) |last=Kit |first=Borys |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=July 12, 2018 |access-date=July 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/70riB79jH?url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-widow-movie-be-directed-by-cate-shortland-1126708 |archive-date=July 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson also served as an executive producer on the film.<ref name="ExecutiveProducer2021">{{Cite web |last=Couch |first=Aaron |date=2021-07-07 |title=Kevin Feige and 'Black Widow' Team on Straddling Marvel's Past and Future |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/black-widow-movie-kevin-feige-scarlett-johansson-1234978262/ |access-date=2021-07-13 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> On July 29, 2021, Johansson filed a lawsuit against [[Disney]] claiming the company's release of the film simultaneously on [[Disney+]] and in theaters was a breach of contract. Johansson's contract included a portion of her salary being tied into the box office performance of the film. She alleged that the release on Disney+ impacted her salary she could earn from the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson Sues Disney Over 'Black Widow' Streaming Release |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/scarlett-johansson-sues-disney-over-black-widow-streaming-release-11627579278|first1=Joe|last1=Flint|first2=Erich|last2=Schwartzel|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=July 29, 2021|access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref> In response, Disney said her lawsuit showed a "callous disregard for the horrific and prolonged global effects of the COVID-19 pandemic." The company also stated that Johansson already received $20 million for the film and that "the release of {{'}}''Black Widow''{{'}} on Disney+ with Premier Access has significantly enhanced her ability to earn additional compensation on top of the $20M she has received to date."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lang|first=Brent|title= Disney Fires Back at Scarlett Johansson, Calls 'Black Widow' Lawsuit 'Sad and Distressing'|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-scarlett-johansson-black-widow-lawsuit-response-pandemic-1235030837/|date=July 29, 2021|access-date=July 30, 2021|magazine=Variety}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Music career==<br />
{{See also|Scarlett Johansson discography}}<br />
[[File:Scarlett Johansson 2016 TIFF Premiere.jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson attending the premiere of ''[[Sing (2016 American film)|Sing]]'' at the [[2016 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
<br />
In 2006, Johansson sang the track "[[Summertime (George Gershwin song)|Summertime]]" for ''[[Unexpected Dreams]]{{snd}}Songs From the Stars'', a non-profit collection of songs recorded by Hollywood actors. She performed with [[the Jesus and Mary Chain]] for a [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival|Coachella]] reunion show in [[Indio, California]], in April 2007.<ref name="coachella">{{cite news |first=Jeff |last=Leeds |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=Coachella: Scarlett Johansson Joins Jesus and Mary Chain |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/04/28/coachella-scarlett-johansson-joins-jesus-and-mary-chain |date=April 28, 2007 |access-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503084432/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/04/28/coachella-scarlett-johansson-joins-jesus-and-mary-chain/ |archive-date=May 3, 2007}}</ref> The following year, Johansson appeared as the leading lady in [[Justin Timberlake]]'s music video, for "[[What Goes Around... Comes Around]]", which was nominated for an [[MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year]].<ref name="MTV video">{{cite web |date=August 8, 2007 |title=Justin Timberlake, Beyonce lead MTV Video Music Awards with 7 nods each |access-date=August 23, 2007 |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/s_521050.html |work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119093343/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/s_521050.html |archive-date=January 19, 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2008, Johansson released her debut album ''[[Anywhere I Lay My Head]]'', which consists of one original song and ten cover versions of [[Tom Waits]] songs, and features [[David Bowie]] and members from the [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] and [[Celebration (2000s band)|Celebration]].<ref name="observer" /> Reviews of the album were mixed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anywhere I Lay My Head by Scarlett Johansson |url=https://metacritic.com/music/artists/johanssonscarlett/anywhereilaymyhead |publisher=Metacritic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525225345/http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/johanssonscarlett/anywhereilaymyhead |archive-date=May 25, 2008 |access-date=December 6, 2019 }}</ref> ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' was not particularly impressed with Johansson's singing.<ref name="SMW">{{cite web |url=http://www.spin.com/reviews/scarlett-johansson-anywhere-i-lay-my-head-atco |title=Scarlett Johansson, 'Anywhere I Lay My Head' (ATCO) Bombshell actress coos coyly behind hipster sound sculptor. |last=Wood |first=Mikael |date=May 29, 2008 |work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |access-date=May 8, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213165648/http://www.spin.com/reviews/scarlett-johansson-anywhere-i-lay-my-head-atco |archive-date=February 13, 2012}}</ref> Some critics found it to be "surprisingly alluring",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/16/popandrock2 |first=Dorian |last=Lynskey |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Scarlett Johansson, Anywhere I Lay My Head |date=May 16, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305150045/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/16/popandrock2 |archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> "a bravely eccentric selection",<ref name="observer">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/18/popandrock.shopping18 |title=Scarlett Johansson, Anywhere I Lay My Head |last=Hoskyns |first=Barney |date=May 18, 2008 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 11, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172931/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/18/popandrock.shopping18 |archive-date=October 2, 2013}}</ref> and "a brilliant album" with "ghostly magic".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/scarlett-johansson/9660 |first=Priya |last=Elan |title=Scarlett Johansson&nbsp;– Anywhere I Lay My Head |work=[[NME]] |date=May 2, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423081735/http://www.nme.com/reviews/scarlett-johansson/9660 |archive-date=April 23, 2009}}</ref> ''[[NME]]'' named the album the "23rd best album of 2008", and it peaked at number{{nbsp}}126 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.nme.com/photos/top-50-albums-of-2008-1411175 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |date=December 10, 2008 |title=NME's Top 50 Albums of 2008&nbsp;– Year-End List |journal=NME |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511082048/http://www.nme.com/photos/top-50-albums-of-2008-1411175 |archive-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anywhere I Lay My Head (2008) |url={{BillboardURLbyName |artist=scarlett johansson |chart=all}}|work=Billboard|access-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref> Johansson started listening to Waits when she was 11 or 12 years old,<ref>{{cite web |first=Stephen |last=Mooallem |title=Scarlett Johansson |url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/scarlett-johansson/2 |work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]] |date=November 30, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520054511/http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/scarlett-johansson/2 |archive-date=May 20, 2009}}</ref> and said of him, "His melodies are so beautiful, his voice is so distinct and I had my own way of doing Tom Waits songs."<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Jackson |title=Scarlett Johansson and David Sitek talk Tom Waits Album |work=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]] |date=February 13, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |url=https://pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/02/scarlett-johansson-and-david-sitek-talk-tom-waits.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210203631/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/02/scarlett-johansson-and-david-sitek-talk-tom-waits.html |archive-date=February 10, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2009, Johansson and singer-songwriter [[Pete Yorn]] released a collaborative album, ''[[Break Up (album)|Break Up]]'', inspired by [[Serge Gainsbourg]]'s duets with [[Brigitte Bardot]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Edna |last=Gundersen |title=Listen as Yorn, Johansson 'Break Up' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2009-05-21-break-up-album_N.htm |work=[[USA Today]] |date=May 12, 2009 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804180239/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2009-05-21-break-up-album_N.htm |archive-date=August 4, 2009}}</ref> The album reached number 41 in the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/pete-yorn-mn0000844043/awards |title=Pete Yorn – Awards |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=October 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317203825/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pete-yorn-mn0000844043/awards |archive-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref> In 2010, [[Steel Train]] released ''Terrible Thrills Vol.{{nbsp}}1'', which includes their favorite female artists singing songs from their [[Steel Train (album)|self-titled album]]. Johansson is the first artist on the album, singing "Bullet".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americansongwriter.com/2010/06/scarlett-johansson-tegan-and-sara-stump-for-steel-train |title=Scarlett Johansson, Tegan And Sara Stump For Steel Train |work=[[American Songwriter]] |date=June 4, 2010 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707133204/http://www.americansongwriter.com/2010/06/scarlett-johansson-tegan-and-sara-stump-for-steel-train/ |archive-date=July 7, 2011}}</ref> Johansson sang "One Whole Hour" for the 2011 soundtrack of the documentary film ''[[Wretches & Jabberers]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/wretches-jabberers-soundtrack/id413744014 |title="Wretches & Jabberers Soundtrack", by J. Ralph Featuring Various Artists, iTunes web site |publisher=[[iTunes Store]] |date=January 11, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118064622/http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/wretches-jabberers-soundtrack/id413744014 |archive-date=January 18, 2011}}</ref> and in 2012 sang on a J.{{nbsp}}Ralph track entitled "Before My Time" for the end credits of the climate documentary ''[[Chasing Ice]]'' (2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-207_162-57563553/hear-5-oscar-nominees-for-best-original-song |title=Hear 5 Oscar nominees for Best Original Song |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=January 12, 2013 |access-date=March 30, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327003441/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-207_162-57563553/hear-5-oscar-nominees-for-best-original-song/ |archive-date=March 27, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2015, Johansson formed a band called the Singles with Este Haim from [[Haim (band)|HAIM]], Holly Miranda, Kendra Morris, and Julia Haltigan. The group's first single was called "Candy".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/58565-scarlett-johansson-recruits-este-haim-for-girl-group-the-singles-shares-candy/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Recruits Este Haim for Girl Group the Singles, Shares 'Candy' |author1=Corban Goble |date=February 20, 2015 |work=Pitchfork |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221184249/http://pitchfork.com/news/58565-scarlett-johansson-recruits-este-haim-for-girl-group-the-singles-shares-candy/ |archive-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> Johansson was issued a cease and desist order from the lead singer of the Los Angeles-based rock band the Singles, demanding she stop using their name.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/scarlett-johanssons-new-band-faces-cease-and-desist-20150225 |title=Scarlett Johansson's New Band Faces Cease-and-Desist |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=February 25, 2015 |access-date=March 23, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318120806/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/scarlett-johanssons-new-band-faces-cease-and-desist-20150225 |archive-date=March 18, 2015}}</ref> In 2016, she performed "[[Trust in Me (The Python's Song)|Trust in Me]]" for [[The Jungle Book (2016 film)#Music|''The Jungle Book'' soundtrack]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-modernizing-jungle-book-20160414-story.html?dlvrit=95867 |title='Jungle Book' director Jon Favreau keeps the 19th century Kipling tone but updates the classic for modern times |author=Rebecca Keegan |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 15, 2016 |access-date=October 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901030456/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-modernizing-jungle-book-20160414-story.html?dlvrit=95867 |archive-date=September 1, 2017}}</ref> and "Set It All Free" and "I Don't Wanna" for ''[[Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sing (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Various Artists on Apple Music |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/sing-original-motion-picture/id1175498183 |publisher=iTunes Store |access-date=October 5, 2017 |date=December 9, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006055749/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/sing-original-motion-picture/id1175498183 |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Johansson collaborated with Pete Yorn again for an EP titled ''Apart'', released June 1.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/life-style/music/scarlett-johansson-returns-to-music-with-apart-1.2231168 |title=Scarlett Johansson returns to music with 'Apart' |agency=AFP |date=June 4, 2018 |work=GulfNews|access-date=June 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604140729/https://gulfnews.com/life-style/music/scarlett-johansson-returns-to-music-with-apart-1.2231168|archive-date=June 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Public image==<br />
Johansson has been called "ScarJo" by the media and fans, but dislikes the nickname,<ref name="Spero">{{cite web |last=Spero |first=Jesse |title=Scarlett Johansson Slams Own Nickname |url=https://celebrity.yahoo.com/news/scarlett-johansson-slams-own-nickname-161439029.html |publisher=[[Yahoo!]] |date=April 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131814/https://celebrity.yahoo.com/news/scarlett-johansson-slams-own-nickname-161439029.html |archive-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref> finding it lazy, flippant and insulting.<ref name="Morning Herald">{{cite news |first=Livia |last=Gamble |title=Scarlett Johansson's fuse shorts out over nickname |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=November 19, 2017 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/scarlett-johanssons-fuse-shorts-out-over-nickname-20140409-36cmx.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202074452/http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/scarlett-johanssons-fuse-shorts-out-over-nickname-20140409-36cmx.html|archive-date=December 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> She does not have any social media accounts, stating she does not see the need "to continuously share details of [her] everyday life."<ref>{{cite news |first=Arianna |last=Huffington |title=Scarlett Johansson |work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]] |date=November 22, 2011 |access-date=November 19, 2017 |url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/scarlett-johansson-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316010504/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/scarlett-johansson-1|archive-date=March 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson is described as a [[sex symbol]] by the media.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Anita |title=Scarlett Johansson: Women actresses are victims of Hollywood ageism |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/2547469/Scarlett-Johansson-Women-actresses-are-victims-of-Hollywood-ageism.html |access-date=October 12, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 12, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717065431/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/2547469/Scarlett-Johansson-Women-actresses-are-victims-of-Hollywood-ageism.html |archive-date=July 17, 2017}}</ref> ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' describes Johansson as "the embodiment of male fantasy".<ref name="localfav" /> During the filming of ''[[Match Point]]'', director Woody Allen commented on her attractiveness, calling her "beautiful" and "sexually overwhelming".<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Hill |first1=Logan |title=And God Created Scarlett |url=https://nymag.com/nymag/features/17409/ |access-date=October 9, 2017 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=July 3, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022192535/http://nymag.com/nymag/features/17409/|archive-date=October 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' film critic [[Anthony Lane]] wrote that "she is evidently, and profitably, aware of her sultriness, and of how much, down to the last inch, it contributes to the contours of her reputation."<ref name="NYer">{{cite news |first=Anthony |last=Lane |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/03/24/her-again |title=Her Again |date=March 24, 2014 |department=Onward and Upward with the Arts |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=56–63 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706115014/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/03/24/her-again |archive-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> Johansson said that she disliked being sexualized, and that a preoccupation with a person's attractiveness does not last.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gay |first1=Jason |title=Scarlett Johansson Opens Up |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/scarlett-johansson-opens-up-1395672967 |access-date=October 7, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url-access=subscription |date=March 24, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234612/https://www.wsj.com/articles/scarlett-johansson-opens-up-1395672967 |archive-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> She lost the lead role of [[Lisbeth Salander]] in ''[[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)|The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo]]'' (2011), as the film's director, [[David Fincher]], thought she was "too sexy" for the part.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Powers |first1=Lindsay |title=David Fincher: Scarlett Johansson Too Sexy for 'Girl With Dragon Tattoo' |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/david-fincher-scarlett-johansson-sexy-girl-with-dragon-tattoo-vogue-rooney-mara-249848 |access-date=October 18, 2017 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=October 18, 2011 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019065155/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/david-fincher-scarlett-johansson-sexy-girl-with-dragon-tattoo-vogue-rooney-mara-249848 |archive-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson ranks highly in several beauty listings. ''[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]'' included her in their Hot 100 from 2006 to 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2014/05/27/Scarlett-Johansson-makes-Maxims-Hot-100-dislikes-being-an-object-of-desire/6161401207884/ |title=Scarlett Johansson makes Maxim's Hot 100, dislikes 'being an object of desire' |last=Linares |first=Veronica |date=May 27, 2014 |work=[[United Press International]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171046/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2014/05/27/Scarlett-Johansson-makes-Maxims-Hot-100-dislikes-being-an-object-of-desire/6161401207884/|archive-date=October 7, 2017|url-status=live|access-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> She has been named "Sexiest Woman Alive" twice by ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' (2006 and 2013),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/29/AR2006092900856.html |title=Esquire: Scarlett Johansson 'Sexiest' |date=September 29, 2006 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 29, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721050225/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/29/AR2006092900856.html |archive-date=July 21, 2013 |url-status=live}}<br /><br />
{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-207_162-57606279/scarlett-johansson-named-sexiest-woman-alive |title=Scarlett Johansson Named Sexiest Woman Alive |date=October 7, 2013 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906004451/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/scarlett-johansson-named-sexiest-woman-alive/ |archive-date=September 6, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> and has been included in similar listings by ''[[Playboy]]'' (2007),<ref name="BTPB07">{{cite news |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/news/iron-man-2-scarlett-johansson-fever-strikes-again-14782051.html |title=Iron Man 2: Scarlett Johansson fever strikes again. |date=April 27, 2010 |work=[[The Belfast Telegraph]] |access-date=May 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430044558/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/news/iron-man-2-scarlett-johansson-fever-strikes-again-14782051.html|archive-date=April 30, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]'' (2011),<ref>{{cite web |title=The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time |url=http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time |work=[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]] |access-date=January 3, 2012 |year=2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69zudLdqP?url=http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time |archive-date=August 18, 2012}}</ref> and ''[[FHM]]'' (since 2005).<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson – Fulsome fantasy |url=http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/scarlett-johansson |access-date=May 4, 2012 |work=FHM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511221059/http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/scarlett-johansson |archive-date=May 11, 2012}}</ref> She was named ''[[GQ]]''{{'}}s Babe of the Year in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Derschowitz |first1=Jessica |title=Scarlett Johansson: GQ's Babe of the Year |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scarlett-johansson-gqs-babe-of-the-year/ |publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=October 8, 2017 |date=November 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009043613/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scarlett-johansson-gqs-babe-of-the-year/|archive-date=October 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Madame Tussauds New York]] museum installed a wax sculpture of her in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.madametussauds.com/new-york/en/whats-inside/a-list-party/scarlett-johansson/ |title=Scarlett Johansson |publisher=[[Madame Tussauds New York]] |access-date=October 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028144955/https://www.madametussauds.com/new-york/en/whats-inside/a-list-party/scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=October 28, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:5 Dec. 2016 CJCS USO Holiday Tour - Incirlik Air Base 161205-D-PB383-041 (30659661853) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson attending the USO Holiday Tour at [[Incirlik Air Base]], [[Adana|Adana, Turkey]] in 2016]]<br />
<br />
Johansson was invited to join the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] in June 2004.<ref name="Oscars">{{cite news |url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2004/04.06.28.html |title=Academy Invites 127 to Membership |date=June 28, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111195816/http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2004/04.06.28.html |archive-date=January 11, 2008 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref> In 2006, Johansson appeared on ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} [[Celebrity 100]], and again in 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blakeley |first1=Kiri |last2=Goldman |first2=Lea |title=The Celebrity 100 |url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/06/12/06celebrities_money-power-celebrities-list_land.html |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=June 16, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729115112/https://www.forbes.com/2006/06/12/06celebrities_money-power-celebrities-list_land.html |archive-date=July 29, 2017 }}<br />{{cite news |last1=Robehmed |first1=Natalie |title=Why There Are So Few Women on the Global Celebrity 100 List |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2015/06/29/why-there-are-so-few-women-on-the-global-celebrity-100-list/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=June 29, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007172340/https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2015/06/29/why-there-are-so-few-women-on-the-global-celebrity-100-list/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017 }}<br />{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Ashley |title=Beyonce, LeBron James, Dr. Dre Top Forbes' Celebrity 100 List |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/forbes-celebrity-100-list-2014-715695 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 30, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301144245/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/forbes-celebrity-100-list-2014-715695 |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }}<br />{{cite magazine |title=The World's Highest-Paid Celebrities |url=https://www.forbes.com/celebrities/list/2/#tab:overall |access-date=October 18, 2018 |magazine=[[Forbes]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825012437/https://www.forbes.com/celebrities/list/3/#tab:overall |archive-date=August 25, 2018 |language=en }}<br />{{cite web |title=Chris Hemsworth Beats Robert Downey Jr, Scarlett Johansson in Forbes' Top 100 Celebrity List |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/chris-hemsworth-beats-robert-downey-jr-scarlett-johansson-in-forbes-celebrity-100-list-2227985.html |publisher=[[News18]] |access-date=July 19, 2019 |date=July 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713142255/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/chris-hemsworth-beats-robert-downey-jr-scarlett-johansson-in-forbes-celebrity-100-list-2227985.html |archive-date=July 13, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Johansson received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in May 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson gets Walk of Fame star |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-17934778/scarlett-johansson-receives-star-on-the-hollywood-walk-of-fame |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |access-date=October 11, 2017 |date=May 3, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232729/http://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-17934778/scarlett-johansson-receives-star-on-the-hollywood-walk-of-fame |archive-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref> In 2014, 2015, and 2016, ''Forbes'' ranked her among the world's highest-paid actresses, with annual earnings of $17{{nbsp}}million, $35.5{{nbsp}}million, and $25{{nbsp}}million, respectively.<ref name="ghost2017">{{cite news |last1=Robehmed |first1=Natalie |title=Scarlett Johansson |page=9 |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45efgmh/3-scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171803/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45efgmh/3-scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pomerantz |first1=Dorothy |title=Scarlett Johansson |page=7 |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45ekhif/scarlett-johansson-2/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007173239/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45ekhif/scarlett-johansson-2/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}<br />{{cite news |last1=Robehmed |first1=Natalie |title=Scarlett Johansson |page=3 |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45eddhj/2-scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171546/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45eddhj/2-scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> The magazine ranked her as the world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, with respective earnings of $40.5{{nbsp}}million and $56{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Robehmed|first=Natalie|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2018/08/16/the-worlds-highest-paid-actresses-2018-scarlett-johansson-steals-the-spotlight-with-40-5-million/?sh=3b2b2cf53667|title=The World's Highest-Paid Actresses 2018: Scarlett Johansson Steals The Spotlight With $40.5 Million|work=Forbes|date=August 16, 2018|access-date=August 16, 2018}}<br/>{{cite news|last=Berg|first=Madeline|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2019/08/23/highest-paid-actresses-scarlett-johansson/?sh=5ee7884b4b4d|title=The Highest-Paid Actresses 2019: Scarlett Johansson Leads With $56 Million|work=Forbes|date=August 23, 2019|access-date=August 23, 2019}}</ref> She was the highest-grossing actor of 2016, with a total of $1.2{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{cite news |author=Robehmed, Natalie |date=December 27, 2016 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2016/12/27/scarlett-johansson-is-the-top-grossing-actor-of-2016/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Is The Top-Grossing Actor of 2016 |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917215038/https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2016/12/27/scarlett-johansson-is-the-top-grossing-actor-of-2016/ |archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> As a result, [[IndieWire]] praised her for taking on risky roles.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharf |first1=Zack |title=Scarlett Johansson Makes History, Is Highest Grossing Actress Ever |url=https://indiewire.com/2016/06/scarlett-johansson-highest-grossing-actress-ever-1201701339/ |publisher=IndieWire |access-date=October 8, 2017 |date=June 30, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128183158/http://www.indiewire.com/2016/06/scarlett-johansson-highest-grossing-actress-ever-1201701339/ |archive-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> {{as of|2019|09}}, her films have grossed over {{US$|5.2|long=no}}&nbsp;billion in North America and over {{US$|14.3|long=no}}&nbsp;billion worldwide,<ref name="BOM" /> making Johansson the third-highest-grossing box-office star of all time both domestically and worldwide as well as the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/people/?view=Actor&sort=sumgross&p=.htm |title=People Index |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529100444/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/?view=Actor&sort=sumgross&p=.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson has appeared in advertising campaigns for [[Calvin Klein]], [[Dolce & Gabbana]], [[L'Oréal]], and [[Louis Vuitton]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The Scarlett L'Oreal |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/01/04/the-scarlett-loreal |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |access-date=April 28, 2015 |date=January 4, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090835/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/01/04/the-scarlett-loreal |archive-date=May 18, 2015}}<br />{{cite news |last1=Niven |first1=Lisa |title=Dolce & Gabbana's Hollywood Love Story |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/dolce-and-gabbana-the-one-scarlett-johansson-matthew-mcconaughey |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |date=November 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054441/http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/dolce-and-gabbana-the-one-scarlett-johansson-matthew-mcconaughey|archive-date=October 10, 2017|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web |title=Louis Vuitton Turns Scarlett |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/12/14/louis-vuitton-turns-scarlett |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |access-date=April 28, 2015 |date=December 14, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216224107/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/12/14/louis-vuitton-turns-scarlett |archive-date=February 16, 2016}}</ref> and has represented the Spanish brand [[Mango (clothing)|Mango]] since 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bumpus |first1=Jessica |title=Turning Scarlett |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/scarlett-johansson-for-mango |access-date=October 20, 2017 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |date=May 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021004607/http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/scarlett-johansson-for-mango |archive-date=October 21, 2017}}</ref> Johansson was the first Hollywood celebrity to represent a champagne producer, appearing in advertisements for [[Moët & Chandon]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Leach |first1=Ben |title=Scarlett Johansson pictured as new face of Moet & Chandon |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/5093299/Scarlett-Johansson-pictured-as-new-face-of-Moet-and-Chandon.html |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=April 2, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727123022/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/5093299/Scarlett-Johansson-pictured-as-new-face-of-Moet-and-Chandon.html |archive-date=July 27, 2012}}</ref> In January 2014, the Israeli company [[SodaStream]], which makes home-carbonation products, hired Johansson as its first global brand ambassador, a relationship that commenced with a television commercial during [[Super Bowl XLVIII]] on February 2, 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/business/1.568108 |title=Israeli firm SodaStream hires Scarlett Johansson as its new face |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=January 12, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112194611/http://www.haaretz.com/business/1.568108 |archive-date=January 12, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> This created some controversy, as SodaStream at that time operated a plant in Israeli-occupied territory in the [[West Bank]].<ref name=Sky.com>{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1200393/scarlett-johansson-criticised-over-sodastream |title=Scarlett Johansson Criticised Over SodaStream |date=January 24, 2014 |publisher=[[Sky plc]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204041033/http://news.sky.com/story/1200393/scarlett-johansson-criticised-over-sodastream |archive-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
While attending PCS, Johansson dated classmate [[Jack Antonoff]] from 2001 to 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/16135 |title=Alex Morris, "Scarlett's Ex Carries a Torch Song" |last=Morris |first=Alex |date=March 6, 2006 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=March 30, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928223608/http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/16135/ |archive-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref> She dated her ''Black Dahlia'' co-star [[Josh Hartnett]] for about two years until the end of 2006. Hartnett said they split because their busy schedules kept them apart.<ref name="hartnettsplit">{{cite news |url=http://people.com/movies/inside-scarlett-johansson-ups-and-downs-in-love/ |title=Inside Scarlett Johansson's Ups and Downs in Love |date=January 25, 2017 |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030544/http://people.com/movies/inside-scarlett-johansson-ups-and-downs-in-love/ |archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> Johansson began a relationship with Canadian actor [[Ryan Reynolds]] in 2007.<ref name="rreynold">{{cite news |url=https://people.com/celebrity/scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-step-out-in-nyc/ |title=Scarlett Johansson & Ryan Reynolds Step Out in NYC |last=Messer |first=Lesley |date=April 7, 2007 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=September 19, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507052402/https://people.com/celebrity/scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-step-out-in-nyc/ |archive-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref> They became engaged in May 2008,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://people.com/celebrity/scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-engaged/ |title=Scarlett Johansson & Ryan Reynolds Engaged! |last=Chiu |first=Alexis |date=May 5, 2008 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=October 11, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509171804/https://people.com/celebrity/scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-engaged/ |archive-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> married in September 2008 on [[Vancouver Island]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson, Ryan Reynolds purchase $2.8&nbsp;million LA home |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-purchase-28-million-la-home-1422936 |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=August 13, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171711/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-purchase-28-million-la-home-1422936 |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> separated in December 2010 and divorced in July 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bailey |first1=Alyssa |title=This Is How Blake Lively Won Ryan Reynolds' Heart |url=http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a36958/ryan-reynolds-blake-lively-crush-2011-interview/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |date=June 9, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008000005/http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a36958/ryan-reynolds-blake-lively-crush-2011-interview/ |archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2012, Johansson started dating Frenchman Romain Dauriac, the owner of an advertising agency.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/things-scarlett-johanssons-fiance-romain-dauriac/story?id=20164656 |title=5 Things to Know About Scarlett Johansson's Fiance |author1=Luchina Fisher |date=September 5, 2013 |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=June 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606210439/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/things-scarlett-johanssons-fiance-romain-dauriac/story?id=20164656 |archive-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eonline.com/photos/9710/scarlett-johansson-romain-dauriac-romance-rewind/310369 |title=Scarlett Johansson & Romain Dauriac: Romance Rewind |publisher=E! News |access-date=June 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606230347/http://www.eonline.com/photos/9710/scarlett-johansson-romain-dauriac-romance-rewind/310369 |archive-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref> They became engaged the following September.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/05/showbiz/scarlett-johansson-engaged/ |title=Actress Scarlett Johansson is engaged |date=September 5, 2013 |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911221635/http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/05/showbiz/scarlett-johansson-engaged/ |archive-date=September 11, 2017}}</ref> The pair divided their time between New York City and Paris.<ref>{{cite episode |title=Scarlett Johannson/John Grant |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-s8KY7fDX4 |series=[[Late Show with David Letterman]] |network=[[CBS]] |quote=I decided to take the plunge and move to Paris and it's great, I love it |airdate=January 8, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514001807/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-s8KY7fDX4 |archive-date=May 14, 2014}}</ref> In 2014, she gave birth to their daughter, Rose Dorothy Dauriac.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Toomey |first1=Alyssa |title=Scarlett Johansson Welcomes a Baby Girl! |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/566521/scarlett-johansson-gives-birth-actress-welcomes-baby-girl-with-fiance-romain-dauriac-find-out-her-name |publisher=E! News |access-date=October 7, 2017 |date=September 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407064913/http://www.eonline.com/news/566521/scarlett-johansson-gives-birth-actress-welcomes-baby-girl-with-fiance-romain-dauriac-find-out-her-name |archive-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> Johansson and Dauriac married that October in [[Philipsburg, Montana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-scarlett-johansson-married-romain-dauriac-20141201-story.html |title=Scarlett Johansson is married! Hush-hush wedding happened in Montana |last=Saud |first=Nardine |date=December 1, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=February 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215173922/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-scarlett-johansson-married-romain-dauriac-20141201-story.html |archive-date=February 15, 2015}}</ref> They separated in mid-2016<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-steps-out-following-news-of-split-from-husband-romain-dauriac/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Steps Out Following News of Split from Husband Romain Dauriac |journal=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=October 7, 2017 |date=January 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831220433/http://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-steps-out-following-news-of-split-from-husband-romain-dauriac/ |archive-date=August 31, 2017}}</ref> and divorced in September 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2017/09/13/scarlett-johansson-single-again-divorce-finalized/663656001/ |title=Scarlett Johansson is single again as divorce is finalized |date=September 13, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=September 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914161539/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2017/09/13/scarlett-johansson-single-again-divorce-finalized/663656001/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson began a relationship with ''Saturday Night Live'' co-head writer and ''[[Weekend Update]]'' co-host [[Colin Jost]] in May 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-red-carpet-photos_us_5a21787be4b0a02abe90d1ee |title=Introducing ScarJost: Scarlett Johansson And Colin Jost Go Public |last=Sieczkowski |first=Cavan |date=December 1, 2017 |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |access-date=May 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517210100/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-red-carpet-photos_us_5a21787be4b0a02abe90d1ee|archive-date=May 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, Johansson and Jost were engaged.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-engaged/ |title=Scarlett Johansson and SNL's Colin Jost Are Engaged After Two Years of Dating |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Karen |last=Mizoguchil |date=May 19, 2019 |access-date=May 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520081855/https://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-engaged/ |archive-date=May 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> They married in October 2020, at their New York home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-marry-private-ceremony-snl-black-widow-b1432035.html|title=Scarlett Johansson and Colin Jost wed in private ceremony|date=October 29, 2020|first=Clémence|last=Michallon|work=The Independent|access-date=October 29, 2020}}</ref> She gave birth to their son, Cosmo, in August 2021.<ref>{{cite news|last=VanHoose|first=Benjamin|last2=Leonard|first2=Elizabeth|url=https://people.com/parents/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-welcome-first-baby-together/|title=Scarlett Johansson and Husband Colin Jost Welcome First Baby Together|work=People|date=August 18, 2021|access-date=August 18, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818211717/https://people.com/parents/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-welcome-first-baby-together/|archive-date=August 18, 2021}}</ref> {{As of|2018|10}}, Johansson resided in [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Los Angeles]], California.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=David|first=Mark|title= Scarlett Johansson Snaps Up Secluded Home in New York State Celebrity Enclave|url=https://variety.com/2018/dirt/real-estalker/scarlett-johansson-snedens-landing-1202977564/|date=October 11, 2018|access-date=December 7, 2020|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson has criticized the media for promoting an image that causes unhealthy diets and eating disorders among women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiner |first1=Jess |title=Body Peace Award: Scarlett Johansson |url=http://www.seventeen.com/health/advice/a6549/scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Seventeen (American magazine)|Seventeen]] |date=January 12, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008075927/http://www.seventeen.com/health/advice/a6549/scarlett-johansson/|archive-date=October 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In an essay she wrote for ''The Huffington Post'', she encouraged people to maintain a healthy body.<ref>{{cite news |last=Johansson |first=Scarlett |title=The Skinny |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-skinny_b_186233 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=The Huffington Post |date=July 21, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726001528/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-skinny_b_186233 |archive-date=July 26, 2017}}</ref> She posed nude for the March 2006 cover of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' alongside actress [[Keira Knightley]] and fully clothed fashion designer [[Tom Ford]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Table of Contents, March 2006 |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/toc/contents-200603 |access-date=November 28, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128025813/http://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/toc/contents-200603 |archive-date=November 28, 2010}}</ref> This sparked some controversy, as some believed the photo demonstrated that women are forced to flaunt their sexuality more often than men.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dockterman |first1=Eliana |title=Keira Knightley Posed Topless to Show How She Looks Without Photoshop |url=http://time.com/3559286/keira-knightley-topless-photoshop/ |access-date=October 28, 2017 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=November 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313131738/http://time.com/3559286/keira-knightley-topless-photoshop/ |archive-date=March 13, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2011, nude photographs of Johansson hacked from her cellphone were leaked online. Following an [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] investigation, the hacker was arrested, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to ten years in prison. Johansson said the pictures had been sent to her then-husband, Ryan Reynolds, three years before the incident.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/christopher-chaney-so-called-hollywood-hacker-gets-10-years-for-posting-celebrities-personal-photos-online/ |title=Christopher Chaney, so-called Hollywood hacker, gets 10 years for posting celebrities' personal photos online |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=December 18, 2012 |access-date=October 11, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026073448/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/christopher-chaney-so-called-hollywood-hacker-gets-10-years-for-posting-celebrities-personal-photos-online/ |archive-date=October 26, 2015}}</ref> In 2014, Johansson won a lawsuit against French publisher [[JC Lattès]] over defamatory statements about her relationships in the novel ''The First Thing We Look At'' by [[Grégoire Delacourt]]. She was awarded $3,400; she had claimed $68,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-scarlett-johansson-wins-case-against-bestselling-french-novelist-20140707-story.html |title=Scarlett Johansson wins case against bestselling French novelist |date=July 7, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=October 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010210430/http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-scarlett-johansson-wins-case-against-bestselling-french-novelist-20140707-story.html |archive-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other ventures==<br />
===Philanthropy===<br />
Johansson has supported various charitable organizations, including [[Aid Still Required]], [[Cancer Research UK]], [[Stand Up To Cancer]], Too Many Women (which works against breast cancer), and [[USA Harvest]], which provides food for people in need.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aidstillrequired.org/programs/awareness-campaigns/ |title=Awareness Campaigns |publisher=[[Aid Still Required]] |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618223911/http://www.aidstillrequired.org/programs/awareness-campaigns/ |archive-date=June 18, 2017 }}<br />{{Cite pr |url=https://standuptocancer.org/press/channel-4-cancer-research-uk-to-launch-stand-up-to-cancer-in-the-uk/ |title=Channel 4 & Cancer Research UK To Launch 'Stand Up To Cancer' In The UK |date=August 23, 2012 |publisher=[[Stand Up To Cancer]] |access-date=July 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723210831/https://standuptocancer.org/press/channel-4-cancer-research-uk-to-launch-stand-up-to-cancer-in-the-uk/ |archive-date=July 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last1=Milligan |first1=Lauren |title=Too Many Women |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/too-many-women-charity-gwyneth-sienna-scarlett |access-date=October 12, 2017 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |date=May 26, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013950/http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/too-many-women-charity-gwyneth-sienna-scarlett |archive-date=October 13, 2017 }}<br />{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson helps feed the hungry |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/41877811/ns/us_news-giving/t/scarlett-johansson-helps-feed-hungry/ |publisher=[[NBC News]] |access-date=October 11, 2017 |language=en |date=April 14, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012045414/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41877811/ns/us_news-giving/t/scarlett-johansson-helps-feed-hungry/ |archive-date=October 12, 2017 }}</ref> In 2005, Johansson became a global ambassador for the aid and development agency [[Oxfam]].<ref name="Oxfam">{{cite news |url=http://www.oxfam.org/en/news/ambassadors/scarlett_johansson |title=Scarlett Johansson, Oxfam Ambassador |archive-date=October 12, 2007 |publisher=[[Oxfam]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012115042/http://oxfam.org/en/news/ambassadors/scarlett_johansson |date=July 2007 |access-date=February 12, 2008}}</ref> In 2007, she took part in the anti-[[poverty]] campaign [[ONE Campaign|ONE]], which was organized by [[U2]]'s lead singer [[Bono]].<ref name="localfav" /> In March 2008, a UK-based bidder paid £20,000 on an eBay auction to benefit Oxfam, winning a hair and makeup treatment, a pair of tickets, and a chauffeured trip to accompany her on a 20-minute date to the world premiere of ''[[He's Just Not That Into You (film)|He's Just Not That into You]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7295871.stm |title=Fan pays £20,000 to date Scarlett |date=March 14, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103011945/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7295871.stm |archive-date=January 3, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, Johansson resigned from her Oxfam position after criticism of her promotion of SodaStream, whose main factory was based in [[Mishor Adumim]], an [[Israeli settlement]] in the [[West Bank]]; Oxfam opposes all trade with such Israeli settlements.<ref name="Sky.com" /><ref name="NewYorkTimes">{{cite web |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/23/scarlett-johanssons-sodastream-endorsement-deal-conflicts-with-charity-work-aid-group-says |title=Scarlett Johansson's SodaStream Endorsement Deal Conflicts With Charity Work, Aid Group Says |date=January 23, 2014 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125232511/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/23/scarlett-johanssons-sodastream-endorsement-deal-conflicts-with-charity-work-aid-group-says/ |archive-date=January 25, 2014}}</ref> Oxfam stated that it was thankful for her contributions in raising funds to fight poverty.<ref name="oxfam">{{cite press release |url=http://oxf.am/wdo |title=Oxfam accepts resignation of Scarlett Johansson |publisher=Oxfam |date=January 30, 2014}}</ref><ref name="blogs.telegraph.co.uk">{{Cite news |author1=O'Neil, Brendan |url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/brendanoneill2/100257423/three-cheers-for-scarlett-johanssons-stand-against-the-ugly-illiberal-boycott-israel-movement/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303230945/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/brendanoneill2/100257423/three-cheers-for-scarlett-johanssons-stand-against-the-ugly-illiberal-boycott-israel-movement/ |archive-date=March 3, 2014 |title=Three cheers for Scarlett Johansson's stand against the ugly, illiberal Boycott Israel movement |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=January 30, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Together with her ''Avengers'' costars, Johansson raised $500,000 for the victims of [[Hurricane Maria]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Orange |first1=B. Alan |title=Marvel All-Stars Raise $500,000 for Puerto Rico Hurricane Relief |url=https://movieweb.com/marvel-cast-scarlett-johansson-our-town-puerto-rico-relief/ |publisher=[[MovieWeb]] |access-date=February 24, 2018 |date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225064827/https://movieweb.com/marvel-cast-scarlett-johansson-our-town-puerto-rico-relief/|archive-date=February 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2018, she collaborated with 300 women in Hollywood to set up the [[Time's Up (organization)|Time's Up]] initiative to protect women from harassment and discrimination.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zimmerman |first1=Amy |title='Time's Up on Silence': How Hollywood Women Are Fighting Back in 2018 |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/times-up-on-silence-how-hollywood-women-are-fighting-back-in-2018 |access-date=March 3, 2018 |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=January 3, 2018 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110084540/https://www.thedailybeast.com/times-up-on-silence-how-hollywood-women-are-fighting-back-in-2018|archive-date=January 10, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson took part in the [[2018 Women's March|Women's March]] in Los Angeles in January 2018, where she spoke on topics such as abuses of power, sharing her own experience. She received backlash for calling out fellow actor [[James Franco]] on [[James Franco#Sexual misconduct accusations and lawsuit|allegations of sexual misconduct]] as in the past she had defended working with [[Woody Allen]] amid an accusation by his daughter [[Dylan Farrow]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/scarlett-johansson-under-fire-for-attacking-james-franco-at-womens-march-after-defending-woody-allen|title=Scarlett Johansson under fire for attacking James Franco at Women's March after defending Woody Allen|work=Fox News|date=January 21, 2018|access-date=March 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/scarlett-johansson-cops-a-backlash-over-woody-allen-comments/news-story/ffd26f7b0f70a275aa8f20f07e52220f|title=Scarlett Johansson cops a backlash over Woody Allen comments|work=News.com.au|date=January 23, 2018|access-date=March 3, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Politics===<br />
[[File:Scarlett Johansson at Women's March on Washington (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson at the [[2017 Women's March]]]]<br />
<br />
Johansson was registered as an [[Independent (voter)|independent]], at least through 2008,<ref name="T-IND">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1577733/Scarlett-Johansson-supports-Barack-Obama.html |title=Scarlett Johansson supports Barack Obama |last=Elsworth |first=Catherine |date=February 5, 2008 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=May 9, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507231600/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1577733/Scarlett-Johansson-supports-Barack-Obama.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009}}</ref> and campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic candidate]] [[John Kerry]] in the [[2004 United States presidential election]].<ref name="localfav" /> When [[George W. Bush]] was re-elected in 2004, she said she was disappointed.<ref name="cmusic2">{{cite news |title=Johansson: Americans disappointed by Bush's re-election |publisher=[[Contactmusic.com]] |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/johansson%20americans%20disappointed%20by%20bushs%20re-election |date=August 23, 2005 |access-date=July 18, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421221952/http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/johansson%20americans%20disappointed%20by%20bushs%20re-election |archive-date=April 21, 2006}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2008, her campaign for Democratic candidate [[Barack Obama]] included appearances in [[Iowa]] targeted at younger voters,<ref name="DTKJ">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/15/politics/uwire/main3718699.shtml |title=Impact of Student Voters Questioned |last=Johnson |first=Katelyn |date=January 15, 2008 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=May 9, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121194245/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/15/politics/uwire/main3718699.shtml |archive-date=November 21, 2010}}</ref> an appearance at [[Cornell College]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Actress Scarlett Johansson appears |url=http://webapps.cornellcollege.edu/events/2008/01/02/1319/ |publisher=[[Cornell College]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |date=January 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717222140/http://webapps.cornellcollege.edu/events/2008/01/02/1319/ |archive-date=July 17, 2015}}</ref> and a speaking engagement at [[Carleton College]] in [[Northfield, Minnesota]], on [[Super Tuesday, 2008]].<ref name="MIND">{{cite web |url=http://minnesotaindependent.com/3082/scarlett-johansson-sprinkles-a-little-stardust-at-carleton |title=Scarlett Johansson sprinkles a little stardust at Carleton |last=Fecke |first=Jeff |date=February 5, 2008 |work=[[The Minnesota Independent]] |access-date=July 20, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714152502/http://minnesotaindependent.com/3082/scarlett-johansson-sprinkles-a-little-stardust-at-carleton |archive-date=July 14, 2010}}</ref> Johansson appeared in the music video for rapper [[will.i.am]]'s song, "[[Yes We Can (will.i.am song)|Yes We Can]]" (2008), directed by [[Jesse Dylan]]; the song was inspired by Obama's speech after the [[New Hampshire primary, 2008|2008 New Hampshire primary]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN0519585420080207 |title=Musicians rock for Barack on Super Tuesday |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 5, 2008 |access-date=July 25, 2009}}</ref> In February 2012, Johansson and [[Anna Wintour]] hosted a fashion launch of pro-Obama clothing, bags, and accessories, the proceeds of which went to the President's re-election campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/295274/20120208/obama-runway-win-2012-fashion-line-features.htm |title=Obama 'Runway to Win' 2012 Photos: Fashion Line Features Marc Jacobs, Derek Lam |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=February 8, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210094536/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/295274/20120208/obama-runway-win-2012-fashion-line-features.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref> She addressed voters at the [[2012 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] in September 2012, calling for Obama's re-election and for more engagement from young voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0912/80868.html |title=Scarlett Johansson DNC speech (text, video) |agency=[[Politico]] |date=September 6, 2012 |access-date=September 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906004540/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0912/80868.html |archive-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref> She encouraged women to vote for Obama and condemned [[Mitt Romney]] for his opposition to [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Spillius, Alex |title=US election: Scarlett Johansson urges women to vote for Barack Obama |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-election/9612344/US-election-Scarlett-Johansson-urges-women-to-vote-for-Barack-Obama.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=October 16, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111095022/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-election/9612344/US-election-Scarlett-Johansson-urges-women-to-vote-for-Barack-Obama.html |archive-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johansson publicly endorsed and supported [[Manhattan Borough President]] [[Scott Stringer]]'s 2013 run for New York City Comptroller by hosting a series of fundraisers.<ref>{{cite web |author=Colvin, Jill |url=http://www.dnainfo.com/20120313/manhattan/scarlett-johansson-host-another-fundraiser-for-scott-stringer |title=Scarlett Johansson to Host Another Fundraiser for Scott Stringer |work=[[DNAinfo]] |date=March 13, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418000031/http://www.dnainfo.com/20120313/manhattan/scarlett-johansson-host-another-fundraiser-for-scott-stringer |archive-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref> To encourage people to vote in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], in which Johansson endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://hollywoodlife.com/2016/10/11/scarlett-johansson-supports-hillary-clinton-voting-candidate-president/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Voting For Hillary Clinton: She Has Stamina, Integrity & Is Very Clever |work=Hollywood Life |date=October 11, 2016 |access-date=September 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923162547/https://hollywoodlife.com/2016/10/11/scarlett-johansson-supports-hillary-clinton-voting-candidate-president/|archive-date=September 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> she appeared in a commercial alongside her Marvel Cinematic Universe co-star [[Robert Downey Jr.]], and [[Joss Whedon]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson, Hollywood's 'collective wisdom,' Hillary Clinton support mocked in new ad |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/oct/3/scarlett-johansson-hollywoods-collective-wisdom-hi/ |access-date=October 15, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Times]] |date=October 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016013758/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/oct/3/scarlett-johansson-hollywoods-collective-wisdom-hi/ |archive-date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> In 2017, she spoke at the [[2017 Women's March|Women's March on Washington]], addressing [[Presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump's presidency]] and stating that she would support the president if he works for women's rights and stops withdrawing federal funding for [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=McNamara |first1=Mary |title=Women's marches live updates: Millions march in L.A. and around the world following Trump's inauguration |url=https://latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-womens-march-live-scarlett-johansson-to-donald-trump-i-1485026397-htmlstory.html |access-date=October 8, 2017 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 21, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420110844/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-womens-march-live-scarlett-johansson-to-donald-trump-i-1485026397-htmlstory.html |archive-date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> In the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020 Democratic presidential primaries]], Johansson endorsed [[Elizabeth Warren]], referring to Warren as "thoughtful and progressive but realistic".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-supports-elizabeth-warren-2020-election/|title=Scarlett Johansson Supports Elizabeth Warren for President: She's 'Thoughtful and Progressive'|date=September 4, 2019|publisher=People|last=Fernandez|first=Alexis|access-date=January 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217194407/https://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-supports-elizabeth-warren-2020-election/|archive-date=February 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In December 2020, three members of the [[Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights]], an Egyptian civil rights organization, were released from prison in [[Egypt]], after Johansson had described their detention circumstances and demanded the trio's release.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-civil-rights-scarlett-johansson-eipr-leaders-release-free-karim-ennarah/ |title=Egypt frees civil rights leaders in "extremely odd" move, and many are thanking Scarlett Johansson |website=CBS News |date=December 4, 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Biography|Film}}<br />
* [[List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year]]<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|25em}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Chris |year=2007 |title=Scarlett Johansson: Portrait of a Rising Star |location=London |publisher=Carlton Books |edition=Hardcover |isbn=978-1-84442-399-6 |oclc=440517789}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Scarlett Johansson}}<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
* {{IBDB name}}<br />
* {{AllMovie name}}<br />
<br />
{{Scarlett Johansson}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Scarlett Johansson|Awards for Scarlett Johansson]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary César}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Fight}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayFeaturedActress}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actress in a Feature Film}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Johansson, Scarlett}}<br />
[[Category:Scarlett Johansson| ]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American women singers]]<br />
[[Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from New York City]]<br />
[[Category:American child actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Danish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Swedish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American women film producers]]<br />
[[Category:Atco Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Danish people of Polish-Jewish descent]]<br />
[[Category:Danish people of Russian-Jewish descent]]<br />
[[Category:Danish people of Swedish descent]]<br />
[[Category:Female models from New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:Fraternal twin actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Jewish American actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Jewish singers]]<br />
[[Category:Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Method actors]]<br />
[[Category:People from Manhattan]]<br />
[[Category:Theatre World Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Twin people from the United States]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Depp&diff=138533Johnny Depp2021-08-19T06:42:09Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|American actor, producer, and musician (born 1963)}} {{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=April 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}} {{I..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American actor, producer, and musician (born 1963)}}<br />
{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Johnny Depp<br />
| image = Johnny Depp-2757 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Depp at the [[70th Berlin International Film Festival|2020 Berlin International Film Festival]]<br />
| birth_name = John Christopher Depp II<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|6|9}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Owensboro, Kentucky]], U.S.<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|producer|[[musician]]}}<br />
| years_active = 1984–present<br />
| works = [[Johnny Depp filmography|Full list]]<br />
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Lori Allison|1983|1985|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Amber Heard]]|2015|2017|reason=divorced}}}}<br />
| partner = {{ubl|[[Sherilyn Fenn]]<br />(1985–1988)|[[Winona Ryder]]<br />(1989–1993)|[[Kate Moss]]<br />(1994–1998)|[[Vanessa Paradis]]<br />(1998–2012)}}<br />
| children = 2, including [[Lily-Rose Depp|Lily-Rose]]<br />
| signature = Johnny Depp's signature.svg<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Johnny Depp|Full list]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes<br />
| genre = {{hlist|[[Alternative rock]]|[[Hard rock]]}}<br />
| instrument = Guitar<!--- If you think an instrument should be listed, a discussion to reach consensus is needed first per: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_musical_artist#instrument---><br />
| label = {{hlist|[[Republic Records|Republic]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]}}<br />
| associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Rock City Angels]]|[[P (band)|P]]|[[Hollywood Vampires (band)|Hollywood Vampires]]}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''John Christopher Depp II''' (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, producer, and musician. He is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Johnny Depp|various accolades]], including a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[Screen Actors Guild Award]], in addition to nominations for three [[Academy Awards]] and two [[British Academy Film Awards]].<br />
<br />
Depp made his debut in the horror film ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street]]'' (1984), before rising to prominence as a teen idol on the television series ''[[21 Jump Street]]'' (1987–1990). In the 1990s, Depp acted mostly in independent films, often playing eccentric characters. These included ''[[What's Eating Gilbert Grape]]'' (1993), ''[[Benny and Joon]]'' (1993), ''[[Dead Man]]'' (1995), ''[[Donnie Brasco (film)|Donnie Brasco]]'' (1997) and ''[[Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (film)|Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas]]'' (1998). Depp also began collaborating with director [[Tim Burton]], starring in ''[[Edward Scissorhands]]'' (1990), ''[[Ed Wood (film)|Ed Wood]]'' (1994) and ''[[Sleepy Hollow (film)|Sleepy Hollow]]'' (1999)''.<br />
<br />
In the 2000s, Depp became one of the most commercially successful film stars by playing [[Jack Sparrow]] in the [[swashbuckler film]] series ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)|Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' (2003–present). He received critical praise for '' [[Finding Neverland (film)|Finding Neverland]]'' (2004), and continued his commercially successful collaboration with Tim Burton with the films ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]'' (2005), ''[[Corpse Bride]]'' (2005), ''[[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)|Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street]]'' (2007), and ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' (2010). In 2012, Depp was one of the world's biggest film stars,<ref name="Labrecque">{{cite web|last=Labrecque|first=Jeff|date=June 8, 2012|title=Tom Cruise, Johnny Depp, and the state of the modern Movie Star|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/06/08/johnny-depp-will-smith-movie-star-2012/|work=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=December 11, 2019|archive-date=March 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331005013/https://ew.com/article/2012/06/08/johnny-depp-will-smith-movie-star-2012/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NBC4 Washington">{{cite web|title=Johnny Depp May Now Be The Biggest Movie Star Of All Time|url=http://www.nbcwashington.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Johnny-Depp-May-Now-Be-The-Biggest-Movie-Star-Of-All-Time-94928899.html|work=NBC4 Washington|access-date=July 27, 2014|archive-date=May 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522111117/https://www.nbcwashington.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Johnny-Depp-May-Now-Be-The-Biggest-Movie-Star-Of-All-Time-94928899.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and was listed by the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' as the world's highest-paid actor, with earnings of US$75 million.<ref>{{cite web |last=Erenza |first=Jen |title=Justin Bieber, Miranda Cosgrove, & Lady Gaga Are Welcomed Into 2012 Guinness World Records |url=http://ryanseacrest.com/2011/09/14/justin-bieber-miranda-cosgrove-lady-gaga-are-welcomed-into-2012-guinness-world-records/ |publisher=RyanSeacrest.com |access-date=September 16, 2011 |date=September 14, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925171516/http://ryanseacrest.com/2011/09/14/justin-bieber-miranda-cosgrove-lady-gaga-are-welcomed-into-2012-guinness-world-records/ |archive-date=September 25, 2011}}</ref> During the 2010s, Depp began producing films through his company, [[Infinitum Nihil]], and formed the rock [[Supergroup (music)|supergroup]] [[Hollywood Vampires (band)|Hollywood Vampires]] with [[Alice Cooper]] and [[Joe Perry (musician)|Joe Perry]].<br />
<br />
==Early life and ancestry==<br />
John Christopher Depp II was born on June 9, 1963, in [[Owensboro, Kentucky]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Monitor |journal=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=June 14, 2013 |issue=1263 |page=40}}</ref><ref name=peoplebio>{{cite web |url = http://www.people.com/people/johnny_depp/biography |title = Celebrity Central: Johnny Depp |work = [[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date = June 19, 2012 |archive-date = June 8, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120608042454/http://www.people.com/people/johnny_depp/biography |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Barraclough|first=Leo|date=2020-07-06|title=7 Things You Need to Know About Johnny Depp’s U.K. Trial|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/global/johnny-depp-sun-trial-amber-heard-1234698986/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|quote=...over the case brought by John Christopher Depp II against Rupert Murdoch's News Group Newspapers...}}</ref> the youngest of four children of waitress Betty Sue Palmer ({{née}} Wells)<ref>{{cite web |first=Philiana |last=Ng |url=http://www.etonline.com/news/189599_johnny_depp_mother_betty_sue_palmer_dead/ |title=Johnny Depp's Mother Dies After Long Illness |website=Etonline.com |date=May 25, 2016 |access-date=March 3, 2017 |archive-date=March 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318044632/http://www.etonline.com/news/189599_johnny_depp_mother_betty_sue_palmer_dead/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and civil engineer John Christopher Depp.{{sfn|Blitz|Krasniewicz|2007}}<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pLBnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22BETTY+SUE%22+%22WELLS%22+%22DEPP%22 The Genealogist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626204824/https://books.google.com/books?id=pLBnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22BETTY+SUE%22+%22WELLS%22+%22DEPP%22 |date=June 26, 2019 }}, "Richard T. Oren Depp (1879–1912); m. Effie America Palmore. 9th gen. Oren Larimore Depp; m. Violet Grinstead. 10th gen. John Christopher Depp; m. Betty Sue Wells. 11th gen John Christopher Depp II (Johnny Depp), b. 9 June 1963, Owensboro. See Warder Harrison, "Screen Star, Johnny Depp, Has Many Relatives in Ky.", Kentucky Explorer (Jackson, Ky), July–August 1997, 38–39. 247 Barren Co."</ref> Depp's family moved frequently during his childhood, eventually settling in [[Miramar, Florida]] in 1970.<ref name=tca>Stated on ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', 2002</ref> His parents divorced in 1978 when he was 15,<ref name=tca/><ref name=people1999>{{cite journal |title = Keeping His Head |first = Kyle |last = Smith |journal = [[People (magazine)|People]] |date = December 13, 1999 |url=https://people.com/archive/keeping-his-head-vol-52-no-23/ |access-date = December 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622035739/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20130037,00.html |archive-date = June 22, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> and his mother later married Robert Palmer, whom Depp has called "an inspiration".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/5635464/Johnny-Depp-interview-for-Public-Enemies.html|title=Johnny Depp interview for Public Enemies|last=Hiscock|first=John|date=June 25, 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=UK|access-date=May 23, 2011|archive-date=January 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129143611/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/5635464/Johnny-Depp-interview-for-Public-Enemies.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/02/15/johnny-depps-grammy-song-toast-his-late-stepfather/80424092/|title=Johnny Depp's Grammy song is a toast to his late stepfather|last=Alexander|first=Bryan|date=February 16, 2016|work=USA TODAY|access-date=August 8, 2019|archive-date=August 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807223243/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/02/15/johnny-depps-grammy-song-toast-his-late-stepfather/80424092/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Depp was gifted a guitar by his mother when he was 12 years old, and began playing in various bands.<ref name=tca/> He dropped out of [[Miramar High School]] aged 16 in 1979 to become a rock musician. He attempted to go back to school two weeks later, but the principal told him to follow his dream of being a musician.<ref name=tca/> In 1980, Depp began playing guitar in a band called The Kids. After modest local success in Florida, the band moved to Los Angeles in pursuit of a record deal, changing their name to Six Gun Method. In addition to the band, Depp worked a variety of odd jobs, such as in telemarketing. In December 1983, Depp married make-up artist Lori Anne Allison,<ref name=peoplebio /> the sister of his band's bassist and singer. The Kids split up before signing a record deal in 1984, and Depp subsequently began collaborating with the band [[Rock City Angels]].<ref name="sleaze">{{cite web|title=Sleaze Roxx |work=ROCK CITY ANGELS |url=http://www.sleazeroxx.com/bands/rockcityangels/rockcityangels.shtml |access-date=July 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508015710/http://www.sleazeroxx.com/bands/rockcityangels/rockcityangels.shtml |archive-date=May 8, 2006}}</ref> He co-wrote their song "Mary", which appeared on their debut [[Geffen Records]] album ''Young Man's Blues''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rock City Angels – Mary|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJ8uQTVx3iw|publisher=YouTube|access-date=August 13, 2013|archive-date=April 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091108/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJ8uQTVx3iw|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp and Allison divorced in 1985.<ref name=peoplebio /><br />
<br />
Depp is primarily of English descent, with some French, German, Irish and African ancestry.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Johnny Depp: A Modern Rebel|last=Robb|first=Brian J.|publisher=Plexus Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-0859653855|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/johnnydeppmodern0000robb}}</ref> His surname comes from a French [[Huguenot]] immigrant (Pierre Dieppe, who settled in [[Virginia]] around 1700). He is also descended from colonial freedom fighter [[Elizabeth Key Grinstead]] (1630–1665), daughter of an English planter and his African slave.<ref name="ancestry.com">{{Cite web|url=http://corporate.ancestry.com:80/press/press-releases/2013/7/Unmasking-The-Lone-Rangers-Leading-Men--Finding-the-Real-Life-Heroes-in-Hammer-and-Depps-Family-Trees-/|title=Ancestry.com|date=July 23, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723194044/http://corporate.ancestry.com/press/press-releases/2013/7/Unmasking-The-Lone-Rangers-Leading-Men--Finding-the-Real-Life-Heroes-in-Hammer-and-Depps-Family-Trees-/|archive-date=July 23, 2013|access-date=July 29, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Meilke2004">{{cite book |last = Meilke |first = Denis |title = Johnny Depp: A Kind of Illusion |year = 2004 |publisher = Reynolds & Hearn |edition = Second |location = Richmond |isbn = 978-1-905287-04-8 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YXim2-rOhJIC |access-date = July 27, 2010 |archive-date = May 20, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080252/https://books.google.com/books?id=YXim2-rOhJIC |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="USA TODAY">{{Cite web |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2013/06/26/depp-hammer-roots-justice-freedom-fighters/2458909/ |title='Lone Ranger' stars have roots in historic figures |website=USA TODAY |language=en |access-date=July 29, 2018 |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608121342/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2013/06/26/depp-hammer-roots-justice-freedom-fighters/2458909/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In interviews in 2002 and 2011, Depp claimed to have Native American ancestry, stating, "I guess I have some Native American somewhere down the line. My great-grandmother was quite a bit of Native American, she grew up [[Cherokee]] or maybe [[Muscogee|Creek Indian]]. Makes sense in terms of coming from Kentucky, which is rife with Cherokee and Creek Indian."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgvgO5f0nSw |title=Inside The Actors Studio&nbsp;– Johnny Depp |publisher=YouTube |access-date=October 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216160607/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgvgO5f0nSw |archive-date=February 16, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="EW">{{Cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2011/05/08/johnny-depp-tonto-lone-ranger/ |title=Johnny Depp on 'The Lone Ranger' |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |date=May 8, 2011 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=August 8, 2011 |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708131555/http://www.ew.com/article/2011/05/08/johnny-depp-tonto-lone-ranger |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CanadaTonto">{{Cite news |url=http://www.canada.com/entertainment/Johnny+Depp+Tonto+leader+Lone+Ranger+follower/8576134/story.html |title=Johnny Depp's Tonto a leader not a Lone Ranger follower |date=June 25, 2013 |newspaper=Canada.com |access-date=August 1, 2013 |last1=Thompson |first1=Bob |archive-date=January 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121054226/http://www.canada.com/entertainment/Johnny+Depp+Tonto+leader+Lone+Ranger+follower/8576134/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Depp's claims came under scrutiny when ''[[Indian Country Today]]'' stated that Depp had never inquired about his heritage nor was he recognized as a member of the [[Cherokee Nation]].<ref name=exploiting/> This led to criticism from the Native American community, as Depp has no documented Native ancestry,<ref name=exploiting>{{cite web|title=Disney Exploiting Confusion About Whether Depp Has Indian Blood|url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/06/17/disney-exploiting-confusion-about-whether-depp-has-indian-blood-149941|date=June 17, 2013|access-date=August 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705002853/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/06/17/disney-exploiting-confusion-about-whether-depp-has-indian-blood-149941|archive-date=July 5, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Native community leaders refer to him as "a non-Indian".<ref name=exploiting/><ref name=AIFT>{{cite web|title= Sonny Skyhawk on Johnny Depp, Disney, Indian Stereotypes and White Film Indians|url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/06/11/sonny-skyhawk-johnny-depp-disney-indian-stereotypes-and-white-film-indians-149841 |last=Toensing |first=Gale Courney |date=June 11, 2013|access-date=May 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715084025/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/06/11/sonny-skyhawk-johnny-depp-disney-indian-stereotypes-and-white-film-indians-149841 |archive-date= July 15, 2013|url-status=dead|quote=Yet [Disney] has the gall and audacity to knowingly cast a non-Native person in the role of an established Native character. ... American Indians in Film and Television's argument is not so much with Johnny Depp, a charlatan at his best, as it is with the machinations of Disney proper. The controversy that will haunt this endeavor and ultimately cause its demise at the box office is the behind-the-scenes concerted effort and forced manipulation by Disney to attempt to sell Johnny Depp as an American Indian. American Indians, as assimilated and mainstream as they may be today, remain adamantly resistant to anyone who falsely claims to be one of theirs.}}</ref> Depp's choice to portray Tonto, a Native American character, in ''[[The Lone Ranger (2013 film)|The Lone Ranger]]'' was criticized,<ref name=exploiting/><ref name=AIFT/> along with his choice to name his rock band "Tonto's Giant Nuts".<ref name="ICTnuts">{{cite web|title=Is 'Tonto's Giant Nuts' a Good Name for Johnny Depp's Band?|work=[[Indian Country Today Media Network]]|date=May 22, 2013|url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/05/22/tontos-giant-nuts-good-name-johnny-depps-band-149470|access-date=May 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524200540/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/05/22/tontos-giant-nuts-good-name-johnny-depps-band-149470|archive-date=May 24, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ICTybarra">{{cite web |last=ICTMN Staff |url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/06/12/video-tito-ybarra-greets-indian-country-phat-johnny-depp-149865 |title=Tito Ybarra Greets Indian Country as 'Phat Johnny Depp' |work=[[Indian Country Today Media Network]] |date=June 12, 2013 |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725211948/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/06/12/video-tito-ybarra-greets-indian-country-phat-johnny-depp-149865 |archive-date=July 25, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Keene1">{{cite web |last=Keene |first=Adrienne |url=http://nativeappropriations.com/2012/12/native-video-round-up-johnny-depp-identity-and-poetry.html |title=Native Video Round-Up: Johnny Depp, Identity, and Poetry |work=Native Appropriations |date=December 3, 2012 |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-date=February 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222155500/http://nativeappropriations.com/2012/12/native-video-round-up-johnny-depp-identity-and-poetry.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bogado1">{{cite web |last=Bogado |first=Aura |url=http://colorlines.com/archives/2013/11/five_things_to_celebrate_about_indian_country.html |title=Five Things to Celebrate About Indian Country (Humor) |work=[[ColorLines]] |date=November 25, 2013 |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-date=January 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131191716/http://colorlines.com/archives/2013/11/five_things_to_celebrate_about_indian_country.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the promotion for ''The Lone Ranger'', Depp was adopted as an honorary son by [[LaDonna Harris]], a member of the [[Comanche Nation]], making him an honorary member of her family but not a member of any tribe.<ref name="Eonline">{{cite web | last = Gornstein | first = Leslie | title = Why Can Johnny Depp Play Tonto, but Ashton Kutcher and Sacha Baron Cohen Get Slammed? | publisher = E! Online | date = May 23, 2012 |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/ask_the_answer_bitch/why_can_johnny_depp_play_tonto_ashton/318280 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525214251/https://www.eonline.com/news/ask_the_answer_bitch/why_can_johnny_depp_play_tonto_ashton/318280 | archive-date = May 25, 2012 | access-date = February 22, 2019 | url-status=live | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Critical response to his claims from the Native community increased after this, including satirical portrayals of Depp by Native comedians.<ref name="ICTybarra" /><ref name="Keene1" /><ref name="Bogado1" /> An ad featuring Depp and Native American imagery, by [[Christian Dior (fashion house)|Dior]] for the fragrance "Sauvage", was pulled in 2019 after being accused of [[cultural appropriation]] and racism.<ref name=GuardianSauvage>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/aug/30/diors-fragrance-ad-draws-criticism-for-featuring-native-american-tropes|title=Dior perfume ad featuring Johnny Depp criticized over Native American tropes - Video for 'Sauvage' fragrance has been called 'deeply offensive and racist' and the fashion brand has removed it from social media|last=Singh|first=Maanvi|date=August 30, 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=August 31, 2019|archive-date=August 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830235648/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/aug/30/diors-fragrance-ad-draws-criticism-for-featuring-native-american-tropes|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Dior1>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/dior-sauvage-johnny-depp-campaign-1.5266287|title=Dior pulls ad for Sauvage perfume amid criticism over Indigenous imagery|work=CBC News|access-date=August 31, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831012134/https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/dior-sauvage-johnny-depp-campaign-1.5266287|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Dior2>{{Cite news|url=https://worldofwonder.net/dior-is-accused-of-racism-and-cultural-appropriation-over-new-native-american-themed-sauvage-ad/|title=Dior Is Accused of Racism and Cultural Appropriation Over New Native American-Themed Sauvage Ad|work=The WOW Report|access-date=August 31, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831181300/https://worldofwonder.net/dior-is-accused-of-racism-and-cultural-appropriation-over-new-native-american-themed-sauvage-ad/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Dior3>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/dior-deletes-johnny-depp-sauvage-ad-backlash-native-american-depiction-1235733|title=Dior Deletes Johnny Depp Sauvage Ad Amidst Backlash for Native American Depiction|work=Hollywood Reporter|access-date=August 31, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831022144/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/dior-deletes-johnny-depp-sauvage-ad-backlash-native-american-depiction-1235733|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===1984–1989: Early roles and ''21 Jump Street''===<br />
[[File:President Ronald Reagan greets Johnny Depp while Nancy Reagan looks on.jpg|thumb|Depp greeting President [[Ronald Reagan]] at a [[White House]]&nbsp;benefit for The Nancy Reagan Drug Abuse Fund in 1988]]<br />
<br />
In the early 1980s, Depp's then-wife Lori Ann Allison introduced him to actor [[Nicolas Cage]], who advised him to pursue an acting career.<ref name=tca/> Depp has also credited [[James Dean]] as the catalyst that made him want to become an actor.<ref>{{cite web |title= Hooked on Dean, says Johnny Depp |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/09_september/26/depp.shtml |website=bbc.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> Depp's first film role was in the horror film ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street]]'' (1984), in which he played the boyfriend of the main character and one of [[Freddy Krueger]]'s victims.<ref name=tca/> After a starring role in the comedy ''[[Private Resort]]'' (1985), Depp was cast in the lead role of the skating drama ''[[Thrashin']]'' (1986) by the film's director, but the decision was later overridden by its producer.<ref name="ReferenceA"><br />
{{cite AV media |title= [[Thrashin' (film)|Thrashin']] |orig-year= 1986 |last=Winters |first=David |author-link=David Winters (choreographer) |type=Commentary track |publisher=MGM Home Video |year= 2003}}</ref><ref name="Adam Tyner">{{cite web| url = https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/7178/thrashin/#supplements| title = Thrashin'| access-date = September 29, 2008| first = Adam| last = Tyner| date = August 5, 1993| quote = something that (the) cast found so astonishing that they apparently called Depp's girlfriend in the middle of the commentary to find out if it is actually true.| archive-date = June 6, 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110606105624/http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/7178/thrashin/#supplements| url-status = live}}</ref> Instead, Depp appeared in a minor supporting role as a Vietnamese-speaking private in [[Oliver Stone]]'s [[Vietnam War]] drama ''[[Platoon (film)|Platoon]]'' (1986). Depp became a [[teen idol]] during the late 1980s, when he starred as an undercover police officer in a high school operation in the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] television series ''[[21 Jump Street]]'', which premiered in 1987.<ref name=tca/> He accepted this role to work with actor [[Frederic Forrest]], who inspired him. Despite his success, Depp felt that the series "forced [him] into the role of product".<ref name="reuters">{{cite news |agency=Reuters |title=It's a pirates life for Johnny Depp |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/it-s-a-pirates-life-for-johnny-depp-news-hollywood-kkfvj7chfdisi.html |publisher=[[Sify]] |date=July 4, 2006 |access-date=March 23, 2017 |archive-date=March 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324000855/http://www.sify.com/movies/it-s-a-pirates-life-for-johnny-depp-news-hollywood-kkfvj7chfdisi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
===1990–2002: Independent films and first collaborations with Tim Burton===<br />
Disillusioned by his experiences as a teen idol in ''21 Jump Street'', Depp began choosing roles which he found more interesting, rather than those he thought would succeed at the box office.<ref name="reuters" /><ref name="moviesonline" /> His first film release in 1990 was [[John Waters]]' ''[[Cry-Baby]]'', a musical comedy set in the 1950s. Although it was not a box office success upon its initial release,<ref name="mojo">{{mojo title|cry-baby|Cry-Baby}}</ref> over the years it has gained [[cult film|cult classic]] status.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2010/09/16/cry-baby-depp-makes-the-girls-swoon/|title="Cry-Baby" Depp makes the girls swoon|work=[[The Denver Post]]|first=Michael|last=Booth|date=September 16, 2010|access-date=June 26, 2018|archive-date=June 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627062323/https://www.denverpost.com/2010/09/16/cry-baby-depp-makes-the-girls-swoon/|url-status=live}}</ref> Also in 1990, Depp played the title character in [[Tim Burton]]'s romantic fantasy film ''[[Edward Scissorhands]]'' opposite [[Dianne Wiest]] and [[Winona Ryder]]. The film was a commercial and critical success with a domestic gross of $53 million.<ref>{{AFI film|id=58487|title=Edward Scissorhands}}</ref> In preparation for the role, Depp watched many [[Charlie Chaplin]] films to study the idea of creating sympathy without dialogue.<ref>{{cite news | title = Tim Burton's latest film | work = [[Entertainment Weekly]] | date = December 14, 1990 | url = https://ew.com/article/1990/12/14/tim-burtons-latest-film/ | access-date = March 25, 2021 | archive-date = February 27, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227183210/https://ew.com/article/1990/12/14/tim-burtons-latest-film/ | url-status = live }}</ref> [[Peter Travers]] of ''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]'' praised Depp's performance stating that he "artfully expresses the fierce longing in gentle Edward; it's a terrific performance",<ref>{{cite web|title=Edward Scissorhands|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/edward-scissorhands-19901214|newspaper=[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]|date=December 14, 1990|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=May 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516020611/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/edward-scissorhands-19901214|url-status=live}}</ref> while Rita Kempley of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' stated that he "brings the eloquence of the silent era to this part of few words, saying it all through bright black eyes and the tremulous care with which he holds his horror-movie hands.<ref>{{cite web|title='Edward Scissorhands'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/edwardscissorhandspg13kempley_a0a0bf.htm|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 14, 1990|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=October 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008151527/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/edwardscissorhandspg13kempley_a0a0bf.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp earned his first [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Golden Globe]] nomination for the film.<br />
<br />
[[File:Johnny Depp Cannes nineties.jpg|thumb|upright|Depp at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]]]]<br />
<br />
Depp had no film releases in the following two years, with the exception of a brief cameo in ''[[Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare]]'' (1991), the sixth installment in the ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)|A Nightmare of Elm Street]]'' franchise. He appeared in three films in 1993. In the romantic comedy ''[[Benny and Joon]]'', he played an eccentric and illiterate silent film fan who befriends a mentally ill woman and her brother; it became a [[sleeper hit]]. [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote that Depp "may look nothing like [[Buster Keaton]], but there are times when he genuinely seems to become the Great Stone Face, bringing Keaton's mannerisms sweetly and magically to life".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/16/movies/review-film-he-s-his-sister-s-keeper-and-what-a-job-that-is.html | title=He's His Sister's Keeper, and What a Job That Is | work=[[The New York Times]] | author-link=Janet Maslin | first=Janet | last=Maslin | date=April 16, 1993 | access-date=September 29, 2011 | archive-date=May 26, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526091905/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/16/movies/review-film-he-s-his-sister-s-keeper-and-what-a-job-that-is.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Depp received a second Golden Globe nomination for the performance. His second film of the year was [[Lasse Hallström]]'s ''[[What's Eating Gilbert Grape]]'' (1993), a drama about a dysfunctional family in which he starred alongside [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] and [[Juliette Lewis]]. It did not perform well commercially, but received positive notices from the critics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=gilbertgrape.htm|title=What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993)|publisher=Box Office Mojo|access-date=December 30, 2008|archive-date=September 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902053547/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=gilbertgrape.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Although most of the reviews focused on DiCaprio, who was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance, Todd McCarthy of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote that "Depp manages to command center screen with a greatly affable, appealing characterization".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117902133.html?categoryid=31&cs=1|title=What's Eating Gilbert Grape Review|last=McCarthy|first=Todd|date=December 6, 1993|work=Variety|access-date=December 30, 2008|archive-date=June 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618164434/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117902133.html?categoryid=31&cs=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp's final 1993 release was [[Emir Kusturica]]'s [[surrealist]] comedy-drama ''[[Arizona Dream]]'', which opened to positive reviews, and won the [[Silver Bear]]&nbsp;at Berlin Film Festival.<br />
<br />
In 1994, Depp reunited with director Tim Burton, playing the title role in ''[[Ed Wood (film)|Ed Wood]]'', a biographical film about one of history's most inept film directors. Depp later stated that he was at the time depressed about films and filmmaking, but that "within 10 minutes of hearing about the project, I was committed."<ref name="Arnold, Gary">{{cite news |last=Arnold |first=Gary |title=Depp sees promise in cult filmmaker Ed Wood's story |work=The Washington Times |date=October 2, 1994}}</ref> He found that the role gave him a "chance to stretch out and have some fun" and that working with [[Martin Landau]], who played [[Bela Lugosi]], "rejuvenated my love for acting".<ref name="Arnold, Gary" /> Although it did not earn back its production costs, ''Ed Wood'' received a positive reception from the critics, with Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' writing that Depp had "proved himself as an established, certified great actor" and "captured all the can-do optimism that kept Ed Wood going, thanks to an extremely funny ability to look at the silver lining of any cloud."<ref>{{cite news |first = Janet |last = Maslin |author-link = Janet Maslin |title = Film Festival Review; Ode to a Director Who Dared to Be Dreadful |newspaper = [[The New York Times]] |date = September 23, 1994}}</ref> Depp was nominated for a third time for a Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe for his performance.<br />
<br />
[[File:Johnny Depp Jim Jarmusch Cannes 1995.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Depp with director [[Jim Jarmusch]] at the [[1995 Cannes Film Festival]]]]<br />
<br />
The following year, Depp starred in three films. He played opposite [[Marlon Brando]] in the box-office hit ''[[Don Juan DeMarco]]'', as a man who believes he is [[Don Juan]], the world's greatest lover. He then starred in [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s ''[[Dead Man]]'', a [[Western (genre)|Western]] shot entirely in black-and-white; it was not a commercial success and had mixed critical reviews. Depp's final film of the year was in the financial and critical failure ''[[Nick of Time (film)|Nick of Time]]'', a thriller in which he played an accountant who is told to kill a politician to save his kidnapped daughter.<br />
<br />
In 1997, Depp starred alongside [[Al Pacino]] in the crime drama ''[[Donnie Brasco (film)|Donnie Brasco]]'', directed by [[Mike Newell (director)|Mike Newell]]. He portrayed [[Joseph D. Pistone]], an undercover FBI Agent who assumes the name 'Donnie Brasco' in order to infiltrate [[American Mafia|the mafia]] in New York City. To prepare for the role, Depp spent time with the real-life Joe Pistone, on whose memoirs the film was based. ''Donnie Brasco'' was a commercial and critical success, and is considered to contain one of Depp's finest performances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2012/06/the-essentials-the-5-best-johnny-depp-performances-109702/|title=The Essentials: The 5 Best Johnny Depp Performances|last=Lyttelton|first=Oliver|date=June 9, 2012|work=IndieWire|access-date=December 12, 2020|archive-date=December 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203044708/https://www.indiewire.com/2012/06/the-essentials-the-5-best-johnny-depp-performances-109702/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-lists/15-best-and-worst-johnny-depp-roles-from-scissorhands-to-sparrow-56536/best-donnie-brasco-1997-70735/|title=15 Best and Worst Johnny Depp Roles: From Scissorhands to Sparrow|last=Ehrlich|first=David|date=September 16, 2015|work=Rolling Stone|access-date=December 12, 2020|archive-date=May 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080329/https://videoevents.outbrain.com/events/recordjp?json=%7B%22eventType%22%3A%22VIDGET_VIEWABILITY%22%2C%22abTestVal%22%3A%228838-27421%22%2C%22adBlocker%22%3Afalse%2C%22configuredNative%22%3A%22never%22%2C%22configuredProvidersCount%22%3A3%2C%22configuredReloadCount%22%3A8%2C%22consentData%22%3A%22%22%2C%22currentReload%22%3A1%2C%22description%22%3A%22viewability%20percentage%20threshold%3A%2050%22%2C%22docId%22%3A2017830342%2C%22externalCampaignId%22%3Anull%2C%22featureFlag%22%3A%22GA%22%2C%22gdpr%22%3A0%2C%22iframe%22%3Afalse%2C%22isNative%22%3Afalse%2C%22localTime%22%3A%22Thu%20May%2020%202021%2008%3A03%3A27%20GMT%2B0000%20(GMT)%22%2C%22mediaOrientation%22%3Anull%2C%22obRecsAbtestAndVars%22%3A%22784-2488%2C833-2565%2C386-1123%2C852-2628%2C822-2522%2C902-2790%2C792-2661%2C841-2598%2C859-2649%2C699-2184%2C811-2474%22%2C%22orientation%22%3A%22PORTRAIT%22%2C%22partner%22%3A%225dfa1d8b775faf0004d55434%22%2C%22placementType%22%3A%22footer%22%2C%22playerLocation%22%3A%22inWidget%22%2C%22pauseOutOfView%22%3Anull%2C%22playMode%22%3A%22AUTO_PLAY%22%2C%22playingType%22%3A%22OUTSTREAM%22%2C%22prebid%22%3Atrue%2C%22provider%22%3A%22VIDAZOO%22%2C%22providerIndex%22%3A1%2C%22publisherId%22%3A28377%2C%22runningWidgetIdx%22%3A%220%22%2C%22screenResolution%22%3A%221000x1600%22%2C%22sessionId%22%3A%2290708a6e-79e7-95c3-0213-054ba478c338%22%2C%22sourceDocUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-lists%2F15-best-and-worst-johnny-depp-roles-from-scissorhands-to-sparrow-56536%2F%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A5854137%2C%22sourcePvId%22%3A%22a222bd8e5fcb14a2f9ac06412edbf18b%22%2C%22sourceRequestId%22%3A%22a222bd8e5fcb14a2f9ac06412edbf18b%22%2C%22sourceSubWidgetId%22%3Anull%2C%22sourceWidgetId%22%3A%22AR_1%22%2C%22sticky%22%3A%22none%22%2C%22subPlatform%22%3Anull%2C%22timeSinceFirstEvent%22%3A27281%2C%22timeSincePreviousEvent%22%3A27281%2C%22trafficType%22%3A7%2C%22version%22%3A%22v5.63.0%22%2C%22videoBitRate%22%3Anull%2C%22videoClickUrl%22%3Anull%2C%22videoDuration%22%3A5.217%2C%22videoHeight%22%3Anull%2C%22videoMediaUrl%22%3Anull%2C%22videoPlayerId%22%3A%22Vidazoo%22%2C%22videoProgress%22%3A0%2C%22videoVastUrl%22%3Anull%2C%22videoViewablePixels%22%3A0%2C%22videoWidth%22%3A550%2C%22viewability%22%3A100%2C%22waterfall%22%3A%22Vidazoo%2COPA%2CAniview%22%2C%22widgetIdx%22%3A0%7D&callback=OB_VidgetAuditCallback|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1997, Depp also debuted as a director and screenwriter with ''[[The Brave (film)|The Brave]]''. He starred in it as a poor Native American man who accepts a proposal from a wealthy man, played by Marlon Brando, to appear in a [[snuff film]] in exchange for money for his family. It premiered at the [[1997 Cannes Film Festival]] for generally negative reviews.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Brave (1997) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10001126-brave |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007052936/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10001126-brave |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Variety'' dismissed the film as "a turgid and unbelievable neo-western",<ref>{{cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |title=The Brave |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/the-brave-1117329721/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=May 25, 1997 |access-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114072629/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/the-brave-1117329721/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] stated that there's nothing inherently wrong with the film but that "besides the implausibilities, the direction has two fatal flaws: it's both tediously slow and hugely narcissistic as the camera focuses repeatedly on Depp's bandana'd head and rippling torso."<ref>{{cite web |date=February 9, 2006 |title=The Brave |url=https://www.timeout.com/movies/the-brave |website=[[Time Out (magazine)]] |access-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225142338/https://www.timeout.com/movies/the-brave |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to the negative reviews, Depp decided not to release ''The Brave'' formally in the United States, neither in theaters nor on home media.<ref name="filmink">{{cite web |last=Free |first=Erin |title=Movies You Might Not Have Seen: The Brave (1997) |url=https://www.filmink.com.au/movies-you-might-not-have-seen-the-brave-1997/ |website=filmink.com.au |access-date=February 6, 2019 |archive-date=February 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072300/https://www.filmink.com.au/movies-you-might-not-have-seen-the-brave-1997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="latimes">{{cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997-05-19/entertainment/ca-60345_1_johnny-depp |title=The Sad, Strange Journey of Johnny Depp's 'The Brave' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=May 19, 1997 |access-date=February 6, 2019 |archive-date=October 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012025124/http://articles.latimes.com/1997-05-19/entertainment/ca-60345_1_johnny-depp |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Depp was a fan and friend of writer [[Hunter S. Thompson]], and played his alter ego [[Raoul Duke]] in ''[[Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (film)|Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas]]'' (1998), [[Terry Gilliam]]'s film adaptation of Thompson's pseudobiographical [[Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas|novel of the same name]].{{efn| Depp accompanied Thompson as his road manager on one of the author's last book tours.<ref name="contactmusic">{{cite web |work=ContactMusic |title=Depp was ray for thompson book tour |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/depp%20was%20ray%20for%20thompson%20book%20tour_1001455 |access-date=July 3, 2006 |date=July 3, 2006 |archive-date=March 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315173941/http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/depp%20was%20ray%20for%20thompson%20book%20tour_1001455 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2006, he contributed a foreword to ''Gonzo: Photographs by Hunter S. Thompson'', a posthumous collection of photographs of and by Thompson, and in 2008 narrated the documentary film ''[[Gonzo: The Life and Work of Dr. Hunter S. Thompson]]''. Following Thompson's suicide in 2005, Depp paid for most of his memorial event in his hometown of [[Aspen, Colorado]]. Following Thompson's wishes, fireworks were set off and his ashes were shot from a cannon.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |publisher=BBC News Entertainment |title=Thompson's ashes fired into sky |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4168266.stm |access-date=June 22, 2007 |date=August 21, 2005 |archive-date=October 10, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010020116/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4168266.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>}} It was a box office failure,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fearandloathinginlasvegas.htm|title=''Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas''|work=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 24, 2008|archive-date=October 1, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001044030/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fearandloathinginlasvegas.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and polarized critics.<ref>{{rotten-tomatoes|fear_and_loathing_in_las_vegas|Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas}}</ref> Later that year, Depp made a brief cameo in [[Mika Kaurismäki]]'s ''[[L.A. Without a Map]]'' (1998).<br />
<br />
Depp appeared in three films in 1999. The first was the sci-fi thriller ''[[The Astronaut's Wife]]'', co-starring [[Charlize Theron]], which was not a commercial or critical success. The second, [[Roman Polanski]]'s ''[[The Ninth Gate]]'', which starred Depp as a seller of old books who becomes entangled in a mystery, was moderately more successful with audiences but received mixed reviews. Depp's third film of 1999 was Tim Burton's [[Sleepy Hollow (film)|adaptation]] of ''[[The Legend of Sleepy Hollow]]'', where Depp played [[Ichabod Crane]] opposite [[Christina Ricci]] and [[Christopher Walken]]. For his performance, Depp took inspiration from [[Angela Lansbury]], [[Roddy McDowall]] and [[Basil Rathbone]], stating that he "always thought of Ichabod as a very delicate, fragile person who was maybe a little too in touch with his feminine side, like a frightened little girl."{{sfn|Burton|Salisbury|2006|pp=177–178}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Johnny Depp on playing Ichabod Crane in ''Sleepy Hollow'' |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=May 2007 |url=https://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20039648,00.html#20056052 |access-date=December 25, 2007 |archive-date=July 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704025641/http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20039648,00.html#20056052 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Sleepy Hollow'' was a commercial and critical success.<br />
<br />
Depp's first film release of the new millennium was British-French drama ''[[The Man Who Cried]]'' (2000), directed by [[Sally Potter]]&nbsp;and starring him as a [[Romani people|Roma]] horseman opposite Christina Ricci, [[Cate Blanchett]]&nbsp;and [[John Turturro]]. It was not a critical success. Depp also had a supporting role in [[Julian Schnabel]]'s critically acclaimed ''[[Before Night Falls]]'' (2000). Depp's final film for the year was Lasse Hallström's critically and commercially successful ''[[Chocolat (2000 film)|Chocolat]]'' (2000), in which he played a Roma man and the love interest of the main character, [[Juliette Binoche]]. Depp's next roles were both based on historical persons. In ''[[Blow (film)|Blow]]'' (2001), he starred as cocaine smuggler [[George Jung]], who was part of the [[Medellín Cartel]] in the 1980s. The film underperformed in the box office<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Blow#tab=summary|title=''Blow'' (2001)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|publisher=Nash Information Services|access-date=July 26, 2016|archive-date=August 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816125352/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Blow#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> and received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/blow/ |title=''Blow'' (2001) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]] |access-date=July 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030213246/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/blow/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/blow|title=''Blow'' Reviews|website=[[Metacritic]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|access-date=June 27, 2016|archive-date=June 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630024816/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/blow|url-status=live}}</ref> In the comic book adaptation ''[[From Hell (2001 film)|From Hell]]'' (2001), Depp portrayed inspector Frederick Abberline, who investigated the [[Jack the Ripper]]&nbsp;murders in the 1880s London. The film was not liked by the critics<ref>{{cite web |title=From Hell Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/from-hell?ftag=MCD-06-10aaa1c |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=September 7, 2020 |archive-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080255/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/from-hell?ftag=MCD-06-10aaa1c |url-status=live }}</ref> but was a moderate commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fromhell.htm|title=From Hell (2010)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=August 27, 2019|archive-date=October 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005112015/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fromhell.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2003–2011: ''Pirates of the Caribbean'', commercial and critical success===<br />
[[File:Johnny Depp as Captain Jack Sparrow in Queensland, Australia.jpg|thumb|upright|Depp in costume as [[Jack Sparrow|Captain Jack Sparrow]]. He is pictured here on the set of ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales]]'' in 2015.]]<br />
<br />
In 2003, Depp starred in the [[Walt Disney Pictures]] adventure film ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl]]'', which was a major box office success.<ref name="moviesonline" /> He earned widespread acclaim for his comic performance as pirate [[Jack Sparrow|Captain Jack Sparrow]], and received [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Academy Award]], Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations and won a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role|Screen Actor's Guild Award for Best Actor]] as well as an [[MTV Movie Award for Best Actor in a Movie|MTV Movie Award]]. Depp has said that Sparrow is "definitely a big part of me",<ref name="abc">{{cite web|publisher=ABC |title=Johnny Depp Finds Himself, And Success, As Captain Jack Sparrow |url=http://abclocal.go.com/wjrt/story?section=news/entertainment&id=4319945 |access-date=June 29, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224104422/http://abclocal.go.com/wjrt/story?section=news%2Fentertainment&id=4319945 |archive-date=February 24, 2009 }}</ref> and that he modeled the character after [[The Rolling Stones]] guitarist [[Keith Richards]]<ref name="torontostar">{{cite news |last=Howell |first=Peter |work=[[Toronto Star]] |title=Depp thoughts; Reluctant superstar Johnny Depp returns in a Pirates of the Caribbean sequel, but vows success won't stop him from making movies his way |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/439003907.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+23%2C+2006&author=Howell%2C+Peter&pub=Toronto+Star&edition=&startpage=C.01&desc=Depp+thoughts%3B+Reluctant+superstar+Johnny+Depp+returns+in+a+Pirates+of+the+Caribbean+sequel%2C+but+vows+success+won%27t+stop+him+from+making+movies+his+way%2C+writes+Peter+Howell |page=C.01 |date=June 23, 2006 |access-date=March 23, 2017 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=March 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324084340/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/439003907.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+23%2C+2006&author=Howell%2C+Peter&pub=Toronto+Star&edition=&startpage=C.01&desc=Depp+thoughts%3B+Reluctant+superstar+Johnny+Depp+returns+in+a+Pirates+of+the+Caribbean+sequel%2C+but+vows+success+won%27t+stop+him+from+making+movies+his+way%2C+writes+Peter+Howell |url-status=live }}</ref> and cartoon skunk [[Pepé Le Pew]].<ref name="Newsweek 26 June 2006">{{cite web|title=A Pirate's Life|url=http://www.newsweek.com/pirates-life-111141|last=Smith|first=Sean|date=June 26, 2006|work=[[Newsweek]]|access-date=April 26, 2015|archive-date=January 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110083047/http://www.newsweek.com/pirates-life-111141|url-status=live}}</ref> Studio executives had at first been ambivalent about Depp's portrayal,<ref>{{cite news |last=Derschowitz |first=Jessica |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20024110-10391698.html |title=Johnny Depp: Disney Hated My Jack Sparrow |work=CBS News |date=November 30, 2010 |access-date=March 6, 2011 |archive-date=March 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315192210/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20024110-10391698.html |url-status=live }}</ref> but the character became popular with audiences.<ref name="moviesonline" /> In his other film release in 2003, [[Robert Rodriguez]]' action film ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mexico]]'', Depp played a corrupt [[CIA]] agent. A moderate box-office success,<ref>{{cite web|title=Once Upon a Time in Mexico|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=onceuponatimeinmexico.htm|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=August 22, 2013|archive-date=September 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912043352/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=onceuponatimeinmexico.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> it received average to good reviews, with Depp's performance in particular receiving praise.<ref>{{cite web |title= Once upon a Time in Mexico (2003) |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/once_upon_a_time_in_mexico/ |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date= January 29, 2020 |archive-date= November 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114151851/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/once_upon_a_time_in_mexico |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Once Upon a Time in Mexico|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/once-upon-a-time-in-mexico|work=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=June 19, 2015|archive-date=July 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716193002/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/once-upon-a-time-in-mexico|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Depp next starred as an author with [[writer's block]] in the thriller ''[[Secret Window]]'' (2004), based on a short story by [[Stephen King]]. It was a moderate commercial success but received mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/secret_window|title=Secret Window (2004)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media]]|access-date=October 5, 2019|archive-date=May 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519135002/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/secret_window/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/secret-window|title=Secret Window Reviews|website=[[Metacritic]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|access-date=October 5, 2019|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805105218/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/secret-window|url-status=live}}</ref> Released around the same time, the British-Australian independent film ''[[The Libertine (2004 film)|The Libertine]]'' (2004) saw Depp portray the seventeenth-century poet and rake, the [[Earl of Rochester]]. It had only limited release, and received mainly negative reviews. Depp's third film of 2004, ''[[Finding Neverland (film)|Finding Neverland]]'', was more positively received by the critics, and earned him his second Academy Award nomination as well as Golden Globe, BAFTA, and SAG nominations for his performance as Scottish author [[J. M. Barrie]]. Depp also made a brief cameo appearance in the French film ''[[Happily Ever After (2004 film)|Happily Ever After]]'' (2004).<br />
<br />
Depp continued his box-office success with a starring role as [[Willy Wonka]] in Tim Burton's adaptation of ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]'' (2005). It also had a positive critical reception,<ref>{{cite web |title=Charlie and the Chocolate Factory |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/charlie_and_the_chocolate_factory/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=May 17, 2008 |archive-date=May 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508030014/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/charlie_and_the_chocolate_factory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Charlie and the Chocolate Factory |url=https://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/charlieandthechocolatefactory |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=May 17, 2008 |archive-date=April 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430184635/http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/charlieandthechocolatefactory |url-status=live }}</ref> with Depp being nominated again for the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Comedy or Musical.<ref name="torontostar" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/26011 |title=Charlie and the Chocolate Factory |work=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] |access-date=July 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215211716/http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/26011 |archive-date=December 15, 2009}}</ref> ''Chocolate Factory'' was followed by another Burton project, stop-motion animation ''[[Corpse Bride]]'' (2005), in which Depp voiced the main character, Victor Van Dort.<ref>{{cite web|last=Papamichael|first=Stella|title=Corpse Bride (2005)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/10/10/corpse_bride_2005_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|date=October 21, 2005|access-date=August 13, 2013|archive-date=April 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414093933/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/10/10/corpse_bride_2005_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp reprised the role of Jack Sparrow in the ''Pirates'' sequels ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest|Dead Man's Chest]]'' (2006) and ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End|At World's End]]'' (2007), both of which were major box office successes.<ref name="abcnews">{{cite web|work=ABC News |title=Depp's Pirates Plunders Record $132M |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=2170743 |access-date=July 12, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209030107/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=2170743 |archive-date=February 9, 2008 }}</ref> He also voiced the character in the video game ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow]]''.<ref name="gamasutra">{{cite web |website=Gamasutra |title=Round Up: PAX, Depp In Pirates Game, Kuma\War |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=9842 |access-date=June 23, 2006 |archive-date=September 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919135948/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=9842 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a survey taken by [[Fandango (ticket service)|Fandango]], Depp in the role of Jack Sparrow was the main reason for many cinema-goers to see a ''Pirates'' film.<ref>{{cite news |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2006-07-10-depp-main_x.htm |title=Crazy for Johnny, or Captain Jack? |work=USA Today |date=July 10, 2006 |access-date=September 2, 2017 |archive-date=May 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503083954/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2006-07-10-depp-main_x.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2007, Depp collaborated with Burton for their sixth film together, this time playing murderous barber [[Sweeney Todd]] in the musical ''[[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)|Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street]]'' (2007). Depp cited [[Peter Lorre]]'s performance in ''[[Mad Love (1935 film)|Mad Love]]'' (1935), in which Lorre played a "creepy but sympathetic" surgeon, as his main influence for the role.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gold|first=Sylviane|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/movies/moviesspecial/04gold.html|title=Demon Barber, Meat Pies and All, Sings on Screen|work=The New York Times|date=November 4, 2007|access-date=November 2, 2020|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124205939/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/movies/moviesspecial/04gold.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Sweeney Todd'' was the first film in which Depp had been required to sing. Instead of hiring a qualified vocal coach, he prepared for the role by recording demos with his old bandmate Bruce Witkin. The film was a commercial and critical success. ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''{{'}}s Chris Nashawaty stated that "Depp's soaring voice makes you wonder what other tricks he's been hiding... Watching Depp's barber wield his razors... it's hard not to be reminded of ''Edward Scissorhands'' frantically shaping hedges into animal topiaries 18 years ago... and all of the twisted beauty we would've missed out on had [Burton and Depp] never met."<ref>{{cite news |last=Nashawaty |first=Chris |title=Johnny Depp and Tim Burton: A DVD Report Card |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=April 4, 2008 |url=https://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20186999_6,00.html |access-date=July 8, 2008 |archive-date=September 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920031025/http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20186999_6,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Depp won the Golden Globe for Best Musical or Comedy Actor for the role, and was nominated for the third time for an Academy Award.<br />
<br />
[[File:Johnny Depp (July 2009) 2.jpg|thumb|upright|Depp at the Paris premiere of ''[[Public Enemies (2009 film)|Public Enemies]]'' in 2009]]<br />
<br />
In 2009, Depp portrayed real-life gangster [[John Dillinger]] in [[Michael Mann]]'s 1930s crime film ''[[Public Enemies (2009 film)|Public Enemies]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Smooth criminal|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/entertainment/film/smooth-criminal/2009/07/23/1247941995088.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1|newspaper=The Age|access-date=July 30, 2018|last=Walker-Mitchell|first=Donna|date=July 24, 2009|location=Melbourne|archive-date=August 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825074142/http://www.theage.com.au/news/entertainment/film/smooth-criminal/2009/07/23/1247941995088.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1|url-status=live}}</ref> It was commercially successful<ref name="bog">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeguru.com/intl.htm |title=Worldwide Box Office Grosses |publisher=Boxofficeguru.com |date=March 28, 2010 |access-date=April 2, 2010 |archive-date=July 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721024940/http://www.boxofficeguru.com/intl.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and gained moderately positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10009526_public_enemies |title= Public Enemies |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date= April 20, 2014 |archive-date= August 30, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830075407/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10009526_public_enemies |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/publicenemies?q=public%20enemies |title=Public Enemies reviews |work=Metacritic |access-date=April 2, 2010 |archive-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080254/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/public-enemies |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] stated in his review that "This Johnny Depp performance is something else. For once an actor playing a gangster does not seem to base his performance on movies he has seen. He starts cold. He plays Dillinger as a fact."<ref>{{cite news | author-link = Roger Ebert | first = Roger | last = Ebert | url = http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090629/REVIEWS/906299997 | title = Public Enemies | publisher = Chicago Sun Times | access-date = April 2, 2010 | archive-date = April 14, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100414001931/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090629%2FREVIEWS%2F906299997 | url-status = live }}</ref> Depp's second film of 2009, ''[[The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus]]'', reunited him with director Terry Gilliam. Depp, [[Jude Law]], and [[Colin Farrell]] each played the character initially portrayed by their friend [[Heath Ledger]], who had died before the film was completed. All three actors gave their salaries to Ledger's daughter, Matilda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Salter |first=Jessica |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2578354/Heath-Ledgers-daughter-given-wages-of-stars-in-Terry-Giliams-Dr-Parnassus.html |title=Heath Ledger's daughter given wages of stars in Terry Gilliam's Dr Parnassus |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=August 18, 2008 |location=London |access-date=April 3, 2018 |archive-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513032102/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2578354/Heath-Ledgers-daughter-given-wages-of-stars-in-Terry-Giliams-Dr-Parnassus.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Depp began the 2010s with another collaboration with Tim Burton, ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' (2010), in which he played the [[The Hatter|Mad Hatter]] opposite [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Anne Hathaway]] and [[Alan Rickman]]. Despite mixed reviews, it earned US$1.025 billion in the box office, thus becoming the [[2010 in film|second-highest-grossing film of 2010]]<ref name="2010 Yearly Box Office Results">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=2010&p=.htm |title=2010 Yearly Box Office Results |work=Box Office Mojo |publisher=IMDb |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113000534/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=2010&p=.htm |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> and one of the highest-grossing films of all time.<ref>Corliss, Richard (May 13, 2012). [http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/13/the-avengers-storms-the-billion-dollar-club-in-just-19-days/ "''The Avengers'' Storms the Billion Dollar Club — In Just 19 DaysP"] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsyHiPir?url=http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/13/the-avengers-storms-the-billion-dollar-club-in-just-19-days/ |date=November 3, 2012 }}. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.</ref> Depp's second film release of 2010 was the romantic thriller ''[[The Tourist (2010 film)|The Tourist]]'', in which he starred opposite [[Angelina Jolie]]. It was commercially successful, although panned by critics.<ref name=mojo2>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=tourist.htm |title=The Tourist (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |date=March 10, 2011 |access-date=July 6, 2011 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629204955/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=tourist.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Regardless, he received Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy Golden Globe nominations for both films.<br />
<br />
Depp's first 2011 film release was the animation ''[[Rango (2011 film)|Rango]]'', in which he voiced the title character, a lizard. It was a major critical and commercial success.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/07/06/paramount-pictures-animation/ |title=Riding high off the success of 'Rango,' Paramount Pictures to launch in-house animation division |first=Aly |last=Semigran |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=July 6, 2011 |access-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-date=July 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709034611/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/07/06/paramount-pictures-animation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Scott |first=A.O |title=There's a New Sheriff in Town, and He's a Rootin'-Tootin' Reptile |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/03/04/movies/04rango.html |access-date=August 13, 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 3, 2011 |archive-date=May 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504105630/http://movies.nytimes.com/2011/03/04/movies/04rango.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His second film of the year, the fourth installment in the ''Pirates'' series, ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides|On Stranger Tides]]'', was again a box office hit,<ref name="abcnews"/> becoming the [[2011 in film|third-highest-grossing film of 2011]].<ref name="worldwide">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |title=WORLDWIDE GROSSES |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=May 2, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726070111/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=July 26, 2013 }}</ref><br />
Later in 2011, Depp released the first two projects co-produced by his company, Infinitum Nihil. The first was a [[The Rum Diary (film)|film adaptation]] of the novel ''[[The Rum Diary (novel)|The Rum Diary]]'' by Hunter S. Thompson and starred Depp.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|title=The Rum Diary – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/nov/10/the-rum-diary-film-review|access-date=August 13, 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=November 10, 2011|archive-date=April 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428220841/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/nov/10/the-rum-diary-film-review|url-status=live}}</ref> It failed to bring back its production costs<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rumdiary.htm | title=The Rum Diary (2011) | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date=November 1, 2011 | archive-date=November 5, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105000254/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rumdiary.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/10/box-office-puss-in-boots-in-time-rum-diary.html | title=Movie Projector: 'Puss in Boots' to stomp on competition | last=Kaufman | first=Amy | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | publisher=[[Tribune Company]] | date=October 27, 2011 | access-date=October 27, 2011 | archive-date=June 21, 2012 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68ZnHH20u?url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/10/box-office-puss-in-boots-in-time-rum-diary.html | url-status=live }}</ref> and received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_rum_diary_2011? | title = The Rum Diary (2011) | work = [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | publisher = [[Fandango (company)|Fandango]] | access-date = August 19, 2019 | archive-date = September 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200925150423/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_rum_diary_2011 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-rum-diary | title = The Rum Diary Reviews | publisher = [[CBS Interactive]] | work = [[Metacritic]] | access-date = August 19, 2019 | archive-date = November 10, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111110174031/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-rum-diary | url-status = live }}</ref> The company's second undertaking, [[Martin Scorsese]]'s ''[[Hugo (film)|Hugo]]'' (2011), garnered major critical acclaim and several awards nominations, but similarly did not perform well in the box office. In 2011, Depp also made a brief cameo in the [[Adam Sandler]] film ''[[Jack and Jill (2011 film)|Jack and Jill]]''.<br />
<br />
===2012–present: Career setbacks===<br />
In 2012, Depp was one of the world's biggest film stars,<ref name="Labrecque" /><ref name="NBC4 Washington" /> and was listed by the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' as the world's highest-paid actor, with earnings of US$75 million.<ref>{{cite web |last=Erenza |first=Jen |title=Justin Bieber, Miranda Cosgrove, & Lady Gaga Are Welcomed Into 2012 Guinness World Records |url=http://ryanseacrest.com/2011/09/14/justin-bieber-miranda-cosgrove-lady-gaga-are-welcomed-into-2012-guinness-world-records/ |work=RyanSeacrest.com |access-date=September 16, 2011 |date=September 14, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925171516/http://ryanseacrest.com/2011/09/14/justin-bieber-miranda-cosgrove-lady-gaga-are-welcomed-into-2012-guinness-world-records/ |archive-date=September 25, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2012, Depp and his ''21 Jump Street'' co-stars [[Peter DeLuise]] and [[Holly Robinson Peete|Holly Robinson]] reprised their roles in cameo appearances in the series' [[21 Jump Street (film)|feature film adaptation]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Rosen|first=Christopher|title=Johnny Depp '21 Jump Street' Cameo: Inside The Star's Appearance In Big Screen Reboot|url=http://news.moviefone.com/2012/03/19/johnny-depp-21-jump-street-cameo/|access-date=August 13, 2013|publisher=moviefone.com|date=March 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820063020/http://news.moviefone.com/2012/03/19/johnny-depp-21-jump-street-cameo|archive-date=August 20, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Depp also starred in his eighth film with Tim Burton, ''[[Dark Shadows (film)|Dark Shadows]]'' (2012), alongside Helena Bonham Carter, [[Michelle Pfeiffer]], and [[Eva Green]]. The film was based on a 1960s Gothic television soap opera [[Dark Shadows|of the same name]], which had been one of his favorites as a child. Depp also co-produced the film.<ref name="mad">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/filmNews/idUSTRE48N9HA20080925 |title=Depp to play Tonto, Mad Hatter in upcoming films |work=Reuters |date=September 25, 2008 |access-date=September 25, 2008 |archive-date=September 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928052245/http://www.reuters.com/article/filmNews/idUSTRE48N9HA20080925 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's poor reception in the United States brought Depp's star appeal into question.<ref name=LAT_2012>{{Cite web |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/05/johnny-depp-dark-shadows-tim-burton-box-office.html |title='Dark Shadows': Has America fallen out of love with Johnny Depp? |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-date=May 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531232342/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/05/johnny-depp-dark-shadows-tim-burton-box-office.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:JohnnyDeppHWOFJune2013.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Depp at the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
<br />
Depp's next starring role, as [[Tonto]] in ''[[The Lone Ranger (2013 film)|The Lone Ranger]]'' (2013), was also not well received by the public or the critics.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=The Lone Ranger (2013)|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20483133_20687796,00.html|access-date=August 13, 2013|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=July 19, 2013|archive-date=August 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805223622/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20483133_20687796,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His casting as a Native American brought accusations of [[whitewashing in film|whitewashing]], and the film was a box office bomb that caused [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] to take a US$190 million loss.<ref name=Variety16>{{cite news|last=Lang|first=Brent|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/box-office/johnny-depp-box-office-1201785126/|title=Johnny Depp: Anatomy of a Fallen Movie Star|access-date=April 28, 2021|newspaper=Variety|date=May 29, 2016|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121050935/https://variety.com/2016/film/box-office/johnny-depp-box-office-1201785126/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Fonseca|first=Felicia|title=Disney's Tonto Offensive To Some In Upcoming 'Lone Ranger' Film |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/12/disney-tonto-offensive-lone-ranger-film_n_3263071.html|agency=Associated Press |access-date=June 22, 2013|work=Huffington Post|date=May 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609145738/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/12/disney-tonto-offensive-lone-ranger-film_n_3263071.html |archive-date=June 9, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Shaw |first=Lucas |title='The Lone Ranger' to Cost Disney $160-$190M in Q4 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/lone-ranger-cost-disney-160-190m-q4-earnings-108876 |access-date=August 7, 2013 |newspaper=The Wrap |date=August 6, 2013 |archive-date=August 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810044624/http://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/lone-ranger-cost-disney-160-190m-q4-earnings-108876 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=deadline2013>{{cite news |last=Lieberman |first=David |title=Disney Expects To Write Down As Much As $190M For 'Lone Ranger' |url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/08/disney-expects-to-write-down-as-much-as-190m-for-lone-ranger/ |access-date=August 7, 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=August 6, 2013 |archive-date=August 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807235801/http://www.deadline.com/2013/08/disney-expects-to-write-down-as-much-as-190m-for-lone-ranger/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 2013, Depp made a brief cameo in the independent film ''[[Lucky Them]]''. His next starring role as an [[AI]]-studying scientist in the sci-fi thriller ''[[Transcendence (2014 film)|Transcendence]]'' (2014) was yet another commercial failure,<ref name=deadline2014>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2014/04/alcons-johnny-depp-failure-transcendence-what-the-hell-happened-717698/ |title=Alcon's Johnny Depp Failure 'Transcendence;' What The Hell Happened? |author=Mike Fleming Jr. |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=April 21, 2014 |access-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015021/https://deadline.com/2014/04/alcons-johnny-depp-failure-transcendence-what-the-hell-happened-717698/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transcendence.htm |title=Transcendence (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=July 20, 2014 |archive-date=July 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719203222/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transcendence.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> with mainly negative reviews.<ref name=Variety16/><ref name="rt">{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/transcendence_2014/ | title=Transcendence | work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | access-date=June 14, 2015 | archive-date=November 29, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129230602/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/transcendence_2014/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/transcendence | title=Transcendence Reviews | work=[[Metacritic]] | access-date=April 22, 2014 | archive-date=March 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320142829/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/transcendence | url-status=live }}</ref> His other roles in 2014 were a minor supporting part as [[Big Bad Wolf|The Wolf]] in the [[Into the Woods|musical adaptation]] ''[[Into the Woods (film)|Into the Woods]]'', and a more substantial appearance as eccentric [[French-Canadian]] ex-detective in [[Kevin Smith]]'s horror comedy ''[[Tusk (2014 film)|Tusk]]'', in which he was credited by the character's name, Guy LaPointe.<br />
<br />
In 2015, Depp released his fifth co-production for Infinitum Nihil, comedy-thriller ''[[Mortdecai (film)|Mortdecai]]'', in which he starred opposite [[Gwyneth Paltrow]]. It was a critical and commercial failure and earned the main stars [[Golden Raspberry]] nominations.<ref name=Variety16/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mortdecai.htm | title=Mortdecai (2014) | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] | publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]] | access-date=November 2, 2015 | archive-date=October 21, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021094258/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mortdecai.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mortdecai (2015)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mortdecai|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=November 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114043202/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mortdecai|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/mortdecai|title=Mortdecai Reviews|work=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=May 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080313/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/mortdecai|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp's second film released in 2015, ''[[Black Mass (film)|Black Mass]]'', in which he played Boston crime boss [[Whitey Bulger]], was better received.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/black_mass_2015|title=Black Mass (2015)|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=April 4, 2020|archive-date=October 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030071327/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/black_mass_2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/black-mass|title=Black Mass reviews|website=Metacritic|access-date=November 25, 2015|archive-date=November 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108062753/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/black-mass|url-status=live}}</ref> Critics from ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' and ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' called it one of his best performances to date,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/black-mass/review/820013|title='Black Mass': Venice Review|first=Todd|last=McCarthy|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=September 4, 2015|access-date=September 9, 2015|archive-date=September 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054009/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/black-mass/review/820013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/black-mass-review-johnny-depp-whitey-bulger-1201570428|title=Venice Film Review: Johnny Depp in 'Black Mass'|first=Scott|last=Foundas|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 4, 2015|access-date=September 9, 2015|archive-date=September 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906221557/http://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/black-mass-review-johnny-depp-whitey-bulger-1201570428/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the role earned Depp his third nomination for the [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor SAG award]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Johnny Depp signs on to play infamous criminal Whitey Bulger in 'Black Mass' |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/johnny-depp-play-whitey-bulger-biopic-article-1.1606355 |location=New York |work=Daily News |access-date=March 27, 2014 |archive-date=March 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327234357/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/johnny-depp-play-whitey-bulger-biopic-article-1.1606355 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the film failed to bring back its production costs.<ref name=Variety16/> Depp also made a cameo appearance in the critically panned ''[[London Fields (film)|London Fields]]'', starring his then-wife Amber Heard, which was to be released in 2015, but its general release was delayed by litigation until 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moviethatmatters.com/johnny-depp-making-cameo-amber-heards-movie-london-fields/ |title=Johnny Depp Making Cameo in Amber Heard's Movie London Fields |date=November 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408160832/http://www.moviethatmatters.com/johnny-depp-making-cameo-amber-heards-movie-london-fields/ |website=Movie That Matters |archive-date=April 8, 2014 |access-date=March 23, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/09/amber-heard-london-fields-lawsuit-settled-release-date-1202000657/|title=Amber Heard and 'London Fields' Team End Controversial Legal Battle, Movie to Open After Three-Year Delay|website=[[IndieWire]]|first=Zack|last=Sharf|date=September 5, 2018|access-date=November 17, 2018|archive-date=September 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906112727/https://www.indiewire.com/2018/09/amber-heard-london-fields-lawsuit-settled-release-date-1202000657/|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to his work in films in 2015, French luxury fashion house [[Dior]] signed Depp as the face of their men's fragrance, Sauvage,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/johnny-depp-dior-fragrance-10139875/|title=Johnny Depp to Front Dior Scent|website=[[Women's Wear Daily]]|first=Jennifer|last=Weil|date=June 3, 2015|access-date=March 17, 2021|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430000120/https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/johnny-depp-dior-fragrance-10139875/|url-status=live}}</ref> and he was inducted as a [[Disney Legends|Disney Legend]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Terry|title=Johnny Depp Makes Surprise Appearance at Disney's D23 Expo|url=https://variety.com/2015/scene/news/johnny-depp-disney-george-lucas-disney-legend-honorees-1201569849/|access-date=August 14, 2015|work=Variety|date=August 14, 2015|archive-date=August 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815105312/http://variety.com/2015/scene/news/johnny-depp-disney-george-lucas-disney-legend-honorees-1201569849/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The first film featuring Depp to be released in 2016 was Kevin Smith's critically panned horror-comedy ''[[Yoga Hosers]]'', in which Depp and his daughter, [[Lily-Rose Depp]], reprised their roles from ''Tusk''. Next, Depp appeared as businessman and presidential candidate [[Donald Trump]] in a [[Funny or Die]] satire film entitled ''[[Donald Trump's The Art of the Deal: The Movie]]'', released during the run-up to the [[2016 United States presidential election|US presidential election]]. He earned praise for the role, with a headline from ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' declaring, "Who knew Donald Trump was the comeback role Johnny Depp needed?"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.avclub.com/review/who-knew-donald-trump-was-comeback-role-johnny-dep-232041 |title=Who knew Donald Trump was the comeback role Johnny Depp needed? |last1=Adams |first1=Erik |date=February 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date=February 11, 2016 |archive-date=February 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213021057/http://www.avclub.com/review/who-knew-donald-trump-was-comeback-role-johnny-dep-232041 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also announced that Depp had been cast in a new franchise role as [[Griffin (The Invisible Man)|Dr. Jack Griffin/The Invisible Man]] in [[Universal Studios]]' planned shared film universe entitled the [[Universal monsters#Dark Universe|Dark Universe]], a rebooted version of their [[Universal monsters|classic Universal Monsters franchise]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/the-invisible-man-johnny-depp-universal/ |title=Johnny Depp Cast In The Invisible Man Remake At Universal |website=Screenrant.com |date=July 1, 1927 |access-date=March 3, 2017 |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405231454/http://screenrant.com/the-invisible-man-johnny-depp-universal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Depp reprised the role of the Mad Hatter in Tim Burton's ''[[Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)|Alice Through the Looking Glass]]'' (2016), the sequel to ''Alice in Wonderland''. In contrast to the first film's success, the sequel lost Disney approximately US$70 million.<ref name=hr2016>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2016s-biggest-box-office-bombs-958780/item/box-office-bombs-gods-egypt-959603|title='Ben Hur' to 'BFG': Hollywood's Biggest Box-Office Bombs of 2016|first1=Pamela|last1=McClintock|first2=Mia|last2=Galuppo|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=September 8, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2018|archive-date=July 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713171444/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2016s-biggest-box-office-bombs-958780/item/box-office-bombs-gods-egypt-959603|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Variety16/> It also gained Depp two Golden Raspberry nominations. Depp had also been secretly cast to play [[Magic in Harry Potter#Dark Arts|dark wizard]] [[Gellert Grindelwald]] in a cameo appearance in ''[[Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film)|Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them]]'' (2016), the first installment of the ''Fantastic Beasts'' franchise. His name was not mentioned in the promotional materials and his cameo was only revealed at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Douglas|first1=Edward|title=Fantastic Beasts Producer David Heyman Explains Why They Cast Johnny Depp|url=https://collider.com/fantastic-beasts-johnny-depp-grindelwald-explained/|access-date=November 20, 2016|work=Collider|date=November 20, 2016|archive-date=November 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121082232/http://collider.com/fantastic-beasts-johnny-depp-grindelwald-explained/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Fantastic Beasts 2': Johnny Depp Confirmed as Grindelwald; Setting Revealed|newspaper=Collider|date=November 8, 2016|first=Adam|last=Chitwood|url=https://collider.com/fantastic-beasts-2-johnny-depp-grindelwald/|access-date=April 17, 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109083602/http://collider.com/fantastic-beasts-2-johnny-depp-grindelwald/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Johnny Depp Alice Through the Looking Glass premiere.jpg|thumb|upright|Depp at the premiere of ''[[Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)|Alice Through the Looking Glass]]'' in 2016]]<br />
<br />
In 2017, Depp appeared alongside other actors and filmmakers in ''[[The Black Ghiandola]]'', a short film made by a terminally ill teenager through the non-profit [[Make a Film Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/2016/11/prweb13864616.htm|title=With Help of Hollywood Make A Film Foundation Grants Film Wish to 16-year-old Fighting Cancer|work=PRWeb|access-date=March 16, 2017|archive-date=March 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054536/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2016/11/prweb13864616.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/make-a-film-foundation-johnny-depp-sam-raimi-others-1201863923/|title=Johnny Depp, Sam Raimi & Others Contribute To Film By 16-Year Old Cancer Patient|last=Lincoln|first=Ross A.|date=December 3, 2016|work=Deadline|access-date=March 16, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=March 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305020657/http://deadline.com/2016/12/make-a-film-foundation-johnny-depp-sam-raimi-others-1201863923/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://makeafilmfoundation.org/la-benefit-premiere-of-anthonys-contis-the-black-ghiandola-april-22nd/ |title=LA Benefit Premiere of Anthony's Conti's THE BLACK GHIANDOLA – April 22nd |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612055426/http://makeafilmfoundation.org/la-benefit-premiere-of-anthonys-contis-the-black-ghiandola-april-22nd/ |archive-date=June 12, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also reprised his role as Captain Jack Sparrow in the fifth installment of the ''Pirates'' series, ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales|Dead Men Tell No Tales]]'' (2017). In the US, it was less popular with audiences than the previous installments,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/07/dunkirk-movie-christopher-nolan-international-box-office-results-opening-weekend-global-1202134249/|title='Dunkirk' Takes Box Office By Storm With $55.4M No. 1 Spot For $105M+ Global Opening; 'Valerian' $23.5M Start|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 23, 2017|access-date=July 24, 2017|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6sBZxlm1B?url=http://deadline.com/2017/07/dunkirk-movie-christopher-nolan-international-box-office-results-opening-weekend-global-1202134249/|archive-date=July 24, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and Depp was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards for worst actor and for worst screen combo with "his worn-out drunk routine".<ref name="Razzies2017">{{cite web|last=Perez|first=Lexy|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/razzie-awards-2018-complete-winners-list-1078488|title=Razzie Awards: 'Emoji Movie' Named Worst Picture of the Year|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 3, 2018|access-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032651/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/razzie-awards-2018-complete-winners-list-1078488|archive-date=November 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the film had a good box office return internationally, especially in China, Japan and Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/pirates-of-the-caribbean-box-office-1202453369/ |title='Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales' Crosses $500 Million at Global Box Office |last=Kelley |first=Seth |work=Variety |date=June 4, 2017 |access-date=June 4, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604173914/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/pirates-of-the-caribbean-box-office-1202453369/ |archive-date=June 4, 2017 }}</ref> Depp's last film release in 2017 was the [[Agatha Christie]] adaptation ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (2017 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'', in which he was part of an ensemble cast led by director-star [[Kenneth Branagh]].<br />
<br />
In 2018, Depp voiced the title character Sherlock Gnomes in the animated movie ''[[Sherlock Gnomes|Gnomeo & Juliet: Sherlock Gnomes]]''. Although moderately commercially successful, it was critically panned<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sherlock_gnomes|title=Sherlock Gnomes (2018)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=August 8, 2020|archive-date=November 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129073352/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sherlock_gnomes/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/sherlock-gnomes|title=Sherlock Gnomes Reviews|work=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=August 8, 2020|archive-date=April 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405163320/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/sherlock-gnomes|url-status=live}}</ref> and earned Depp two Golden Raspberry nominations, one for his acting and another for his "fast-fading film career".<ref name="Razzies2018">{{cite AV Media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSTHbwqpSd8 |title= 39th Razzie Nominations! |format= video |via= [[YouTube]] |publisher= Razzie Channel |access-date= January 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131030132/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSTHbwqpSd8 |archive-date= January 31, 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> Depp then starred in two independent films, both produced by him and his company, Infinitum Nihil. The first was ''[[City of Lies]]'', in which he starred as [[Russell Poole]], an LAPD detective who attempts to solve the murders of rappers [[Murder of Tupac Shakur|Tupac Shakur]] and [[Murder of Christopher Wallace|The Notorious B.I.G.]] It was originally set for release in September 2015, but was pulled from the release schedule after a crew member sued Depp for assault.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/city-of-lies-pulled-johnny-depp-1202897208/ |title=Johnny Depp's Notorious B.I.G. Film 'City of Lies' Pulled From Release Schedule |work=Variety |date=November 17, 2018 |access-date=November 13, 2018 |archive-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114060416/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/city-of-lies-pulled-johnny-depp-1202897208/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The second film was the comedy-drama ''[[Richard Says Goodbye]]'', in which Depp played a professor with terminal cancer. It premiered at the [[Zurich Film Festival]] in October 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-depps-richard-says-goodbye-gets-world-premiere-at-zurich-festival-1142539|title=Johnny Depp's 'Richard Says Goodbye' to World Premiere at Zurich Film Festival|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Scott|last=Roxborough|date=September 12, 2018|access-date=September 12, 2018|archive-date=September 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912170144/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-depps-richard-says-goodbye-gets-world-premiere-at-zurich-festival-1142539|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp's last film release of 2018 was ''[[Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald]]'', the sequel to ''Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them'', in which he reprised his role as Grindelwald. Depp's casting received criticism from fans of the series due to the domestic violence allegations against him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/12/8/16746844/jk-rowling-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-fan-backlash|title=J.K. Rowling is "genuinely happy" Johnny Depp is in the Fantastic Beasts films. Fans are not.|work=Vox|access-date=December 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211041202/https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/12/8/16746844/jk-rowling-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-fan-backlash|archive-date=December 11, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/jk-rowling-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts_us_5a2988bfe4b0b185e53a3000|title=J.K. Rowling Defends Johnny Depp's Role In 'Fantastic Beasts'|last=Blumberg|first=Antonia|date=December 7, 2017|work=Huffington Post|access-date=December 12, 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212194917/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/jk-rowling-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts_us_5a2988bfe4b0b185e53a3000|archive-date=December 12, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp also experienced other career setbacks around this time, as Disney confirmed that they would not be casting him in new ''Pirates'' installments<ref name=ind_Disney>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/johnny-depp-pirates-caribbean-dropped-disney-reboot-captain-jack-sparrow-release-a8695916.html|title=Johnny Depp officially dropped from Pirates of the Caribbean, Disney producer confirms|last=Stolworthy|first=Jacob|website=[[The Independent]]|date=December 22, 2018|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=November 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121184042/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/johnny-depp-pirates-caribbean-dropped-disney-reboot-captain-jack-sparrow-release-a8695916.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and he was reported to no longer be attached to Universal's Dark Universe franchise.<ref name=reviews>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/the-mummy-reviews-roundup-1202457392/|title='The Mummy' Reviews: What the Critics Are Saying|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607223217/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/the-mummy-reviews-roundup-1202457392/|archive-date=June 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/universal-elisabeth-moss-invisible-man-1203153172/ |title=Elisabeth Moss Circling Universal's 'Invisible Man' (EXCLUSIVE) |last=Kroll |first=Justin |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |archive-date=March 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302001003/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/universal-elisabeth-moss-invisible-man-1203153172/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His only film release in 2019 was ''[[Waiting for the Barbarians (film)|Waiting for the Barbarians]]'', based on a novel by [[J.M. Coetzee]].<br />
<br />
Depp portrayed photographer [[W. Eugene Smith]] in the independent film drama ''[[Minamata (film)|Minamata]]'', which premiered at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] in early 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Johnny Depp to Play War Photographer W. Eugene Smith in 'Minamata' |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/markets-festivals/johnny-depp-photographer-minamata-1202989438/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=January 6, 2019 |date=October 23, 2018 |archive-date=February 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216071548/https://variety.com/2018/film/markets-festivals/johnny-depp-photographer-minamata-1202989438/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Depp was set to return as Grindelwald in the [[Untitled third Fantastic Beasts film|untitled third ''Fantastic Beasts'' film]],<ref>{{cite web|date=October 9, 2018|title=Johnny Depp on 'The Crimes of Grindelwald' and His Most Iconic Roles|url=https://collider.com/johnny-depp-interview-fantastic-beasts-2/#tim-burton|access-date=November 17, 2018|website=Collider|archive-date=December 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211195554/http://collider.com/johnny-depp-interview-fantastic-beasts-2/#tim-burton|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lieberman|first=David|date=October 15, 2014|title=Warner Bros' Kevin Tsujihara Outlines Major Film & TV Push Amid Cost Cuts: Time Warner Investor Day|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|url=https://deadline.com/2014/10/kevin-tsujihara-time-warner-investor-day-warner-bros-ceo-presentation-851823/|url-status=live|access-date=November 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925200524/http://deadline.com/2014/10/kevin-tsujihara-time-warner-investor-day-warner-bros-ceo-presentation-851823/|archive-date=September 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Khatchatourian|first1=Maane|last2=McNary|first2=Dave|date=October 13, 2016|title='Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them' to Be Five-Film Franchise|work=Variety|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/fantastic-beasts-and-where-to-find-them-five-movies-1201888226/|url-status=live|access-date=November 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029012408/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/fantastic-beasts-and-where-to-find-them-five-movies-1201888226/|archive-date=October 29, 2016}}</ref> but stepped down after a request by [[Warner Bros.]] in November 2020, following his loss in a [[Depp v News Group Newspapers Ltd|UK libel case]] that found allegations of domestic violence committed by him to be "substantially true".<ref name=varietynov20>{{cite web|last=Rubin|first=Rebecca|date=November 6, 2020|title=Johnny Depp Exits 'Fantastic Beasts' Franchise|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/johnny-depp-exhits-fantastic-beasts-franchise-1234824564/|access-date=November 6, 2020|work=Variety|archive-date=November 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106162655/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/johnny-depp-exhits-fantastic-beasts-franchise-1234824564/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Reichert|first=Corinne|title=Johnny Depp leaves Fantastic Beasts films on Warner Bros' request|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/johnny-depp-leaves-fantastic-beasts-films-on-warner-bros-request/|access-date=November 6, 2020|website=CNET|language=en|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505190748/https://www.cnet.com/news/johnny-depp-leaves-fantastic-beasts-films-on-warner-bros-request/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Benjamin |last1=Lee |title=Johnny Depp says he has been asked to resign from Fantastic Beasts franchise |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/06/johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-resign-franchise-statement |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=November 7, 2020 |date=November 6, 2020 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106224740/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/06/johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-resign-franchise-statement |url-status=live }}</ref> He was replaced by [[Mads Mikkelsen]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Sharf|first1=Zack|date=November 25, 2020|title=Mads Mikkelsen Replacing Johnny Depp as Grindelwald in 'Fantastic Beasts 3'|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/11/mads-mikkelsen-replace-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-3-1234598075/|access-date=December 9, 2020|website=IndieWire|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124103414/https://www.indiewire.com/2020/11/mads-mikkelsen-replace-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-3-1234598075/|url-status=live}}</ref> Multiple news publications subsequently wrote that Depp's career was in crisis, with ''The Hollywood Reporter'' calling him "persona non-grata" in the film industry.<ref name=hr2020>{{cite web|last=Siegel|first=Tatiana|date=December 6, 2020|title="He's Radioactive": Inside Johnny Depp's Self-Made Implosion|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/hes-radioactive-inside-johnny-depps-self-made-implosion|access-date=November 6, 2020|work=The Hollywood Reporter|archive-date=December 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211195252/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/hes-radioactive-inside-johnny-depps-self-made-implosion|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Freeman/><ref name=ITV2020>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=November 2, 2020|title=Will 'wife-beater' libel loss be the end of Johnny Depp's career?|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2020-11-02/will-wife-beater-libel-loss-be-the-end-of-johnny-depps-career?fbclid=IwAR1cCBq4V7nW4hgEsv-cqOXKPbztDwDQMlVJq2FxG9AnaBDu7Hg7vVENDME|access-date=November 6, 2020|work=[[ITV News]]|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122193006/https://www.itv.com/news/2020-11-02/will-wife-beater-libel-loss-be-the-end-of-johnny-depps-career?fbclid=IwAR1cCBq4V7nW4hgEsv-cqOXKPbztDwDQMlVJq2FxG9AnaBDu7Hg7vVENDME|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In late November 2020, Depp received an award for his career at the Polish [[Camerimage]] film festival.<ref>{{cite web|last=Giardina|first=Caroly|date=October 27, 2020|title=Johnny Depp to Be Honored at Camerimage|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/johnny-depp-to-be-honored-at-camerimage|access-date=March 15, 2021|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125162353/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/johnny-depp-to-be-honored-at-camerimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Both ''Minamata''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-depp-film-minamata-sells-wide|title=Johnny Depp Film 'Minamata' Sells Wide|website=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Scott|last=Roxborough|date=October 8, 2020|access-date=October 8, 2020|archive-date=October 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009080715/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-depp-film-minamata-sells-wide/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/johnny-depp-minimata-acquired-mgm-american-international-pictures-japan-mercury-poisoning-scandal-february-5-release-1234606473/|title=Johnny Depp Drama 'Minimata' Acquired By MGM; February 5 Release Set Through American International Pictures Label For Japan-Set Mercury Poisoning Scandal|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Mike Jr.|last=Fleming|date=October 30, 2020|access-date=October 30, 2020|archive-date=May 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080254/https://deadline.com/2020/10/johnny-depp-minamata-acquired-mgm-american-international-pictures-japan-mercury-poisoning-scandal-february-5-release-1234606473/|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''City of Lies'' were released in early 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/city-of-lies-wojnarowicz-last-call-specialty-box-office-preview-streaming-1234716550/|title='City Of Lies' Finally Lands In Theaters; 'Wojnarowicz' Docu Spotlights Iconic Queer Artist; 'Last Call' Debuts – Specialty Preview|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Dino-Ray|last=Ramos|date=March 19, 2021|access-date=April 26, 2021|archive-date=April 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426100209/https://deadline.com/2021/03/city-of-lies-wojnarowicz-last-call-specialty-box-office-preview-streaming-1234716550/|url-status=live}}</ref> By March 2021, an online petition to bring Depp back to the ''Pirates'' franchise, begun four months earlier, had reached its goal of 500,000 signatures.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reyes|first=Mike|date=March 3, 2021|title=The Petition To Bring Johnny Depp Back For More Pirates Of The Caribbean Finally Reached Its Goal... Then Moved The Benchmark|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2563740/the-petition-to-bring-johnny-depp-back-for-more-pirates-of-the-caribbean-finally-reached-its-goal-then-moved-the-benchmark|url-status=live|access-date=March 12, 2021|website=CinemaBlend|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309195013/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2563740/the-petition-to-bring-johnny-depp-back-for-more-pirates-of-the-caribbean-finally-reached-its-goal-then-moved-the-benchmark}}</ref><br />
<br />
In August 2021, Depp said that he was being boycotted by the [[Hollywood]] industry and called his fall from Hollywood as an "absurdity of media mathematics."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Drury |first1=Sharareh |title=Johnny Depp Says He’s Being Boycotted by Hollywood |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/johnny-depp-boycotted-hollywood-1234998032/ |access-date=16 August 2021 |work=[[Hollywood Reporter]] |date=16 August 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other ventures==<br />
In 2004, Depp founded film production company [[Infinitum Nihil]] to develop projects where he will serve as actor or producer. He serves as its CEO, while his sister, Christi Dembrowski, serves as president.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/johnny-depp-moves-production-company-to-disney-exclusive-1200562176/|magazine=Variety|title=Johnny Depp Moves Production Company to Disney|first1=Marc|last1=Graser|date=July 12, 2013|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-date=January 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101194516/https://variety.com/2013/film/news/johnny-depp-moves-production-company-to-disney-exclusive-1200562176/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|title=Johnny Depp-Produced 'Muscle Shoals' Among 5 Series In Works At IM Global TV|url=https://deadline.com/2016/04/johnny-depp-muscle-shoals-series-planetoid-lesser-dead-im-global-tv-1201746064/|work=Deadline|date=April 28, 2016|access-date=April 17, 2020|archive-date=February 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223002735/https://deadline.com/2016/04/johnny-depp-muscle-shoals-series-planetoid-lesser-dead-im-global-tv-1201746064/|url-status=live}}</ref> The company's first two film releases were ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary]]'' (2011) and ''[[Hugo (film)|Hugo]]'' (2011).<ref>{{cite news|title=Update: That's Not Johnny Depp on the Set of 'Hugo Cabret'|url=http://www.hollywood.com/news/movies/7778287/update-that-s-not-johnny-depp-on-the-set-of-hugo-cabret?page=all|access-date=August 13, 2013|publisher=hollywood.com|date=March 28, 2011|archive-date=November 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111113813/http://www.hollywood.com/news/movies/7778287/update-that-s-not-johnny-depp-on-the-set-of-hugo-cabret?page=all|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Depp co-owned the nightclub [[The Viper Room]] in Los Angeles in 1993–2003,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m5072/is_47_27/ai_n15933833|title=Nightclub coils to strike in trademark infringement suits|first=Amanda|last=Bronstad|work=Los Angeles Business Journal|date=November 21, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015074344/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m5072/is_47_27/ai_n15933833|access-date=November 3, 2020|archive-date=October 15, 2007}}</ref> and the restaurant-bar [[Man Ray (bar)|Man Ray]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/paris/N25308.html |title=Man Ray {{!}} Bar/Club Review {{!}} Paris |work=[[Frommer's]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501054138/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/paris/N25308.html |archive-date=May 1, 2008 |access-date=March 23, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Depp and [[Douglas Brinkley]] edited folk singer [[Woody Guthrie]]'s novel ''House of Earth'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Depp Co-Editing Lost Woody Guthrie Novel|url=http://rollingstone.co.za/musicrev/item/1149-johnny-depp-co-editing-lost-woody-guthrie-novel|work=Rolling Stone|access-date=July 11, 2012|date=July 10, 2012|archive-date=May 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507023747/http://rollingstone.co.za/musicrev/item/1149-johnny-depp-co-editing-lost-woody-guthrie-novel|url-status=live}}</ref> which was published in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Woody Guthrie's Dust Bowl Novel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/books/review/woody-guthries-dust-bowl-novel.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 11, 2012|first1=Douglas|last1=Brinkley|first2=Johnny|last2=Depp|date=July 9, 2012|archive-date=July 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712193556/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/books/review/woody-guthries-dust-bowl-novel.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Music===<br />
[[File:HollywoodVampsSSe200618-126 (42513694350) (Cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Depp performing with the [[Hollywood Vampires (band)|Hollywood Vampires]] at [[Wembley Arena]] in 2018]]<br />
<br />
Prior to his acting career, Depp was a guitarist, and has later featured on songs by [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], [[Shane MacGowan]], [[Iggy Pop]], Vanessa Paradis, [[Aerosmith]], [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]], and [[The New Basement Tapes]], among others. He also performed with Manson at the [[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]] Golden Gods Awards in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2012/04/johnny-depp-marilyn-manson-golden-gods-awards.html |work=Los Angeles Times |title=Johnny Depp jams with Marilyn Manson at Golden Gods Awards |date=April 20, 2012 |access-date=May 30, 2012 |first1=August |last1=Brown |archive-date=June 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607034704/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2012/04/johnny-depp-marilyn-manson-golden-gods-awards.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Depp played guitar on the soundtrack of his films ''[[Chocolat (2000 film)|Chocolat]]'' and ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mexico]]'', and has appeared in music videos for [[Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers]], [[The Lemonheads]], [[Avril Lavigne]] and [[Paul McCartney]]. In the 1990s, he was also a member of [[P (band)|P]], a musical group featuring [[Butthole Surfers]] singer [[Gibby Haynes]], [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] bassist [[Flea (musician)|Flea]] and [[Sex Pistols]] guitarist [[Steve Jones (musician)|Steve Jones]].<br />
<br />
In 2015, Depp formed the [[supergroup (music)|supergroup]] [[Hollywood Vampires (band)|Hollywood Vampires]] with [[Alice Cooper]] and [[Joe Perry (musician)|Joe Perry]]; the band also includes Bruce Witkin, his friend from his 1980s band, The Kids. Hollywood Vampires released their [[Hollywood Vampires (Hollywood Vampires album)|self-titled debut studio album]] in September 2015. It featured eleven classic rock [[cover version|covers]], as well as three original songs (all co-written by Depp).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itun.es/gb/o0W58|title=Hollywood Vampires|work=iTunes|access-date=September 12, 2015|archive-date=May 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080301/https://music.apple.com/gb/album/hollywood-vampires/1440835039|url-status=live}}</ref> The band made their live debut at [[Roxy Theatre (West Hollywood)|The Roxy]] in Los Angeles in September 2015,<ref name="RTTNews">{{cite web|url=http://www.rttnews.com/2541518/alice-cooper-johnny-depp-joe-perry-supergroup-announce-first-live-dates.aspx|title=Alice Cooper, Johnny Depp, Joe Perry Supergroup Announce First Live Dates|website=RTTNews|access-date=October 14, 2018|archive-date=October 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014204045/http://www.rttnews.com/2541518/alice-cooper-johnny-depp-joe-perry-supergroup-announce-first-live-dates.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> and has since done two world tours in 2016<ref>{{cite web | title=Hollywood Vampires Announce 2016 Touring | url=http://loudwire.com/hollywood-vampires-2016-touring/ | date=April 3, 2016 | website=[[Loudwire]] | access-date=October 14, 2018 | archive-date=November 17, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117200945/http://loudwire.com/hollywood-vampires-2016-touring/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and 2018.<ref>{{cite web | title=Hollywood Vampires Announce 2018 Tour Dates | url=http://loudwire.com/hollywood-vampires-announce-2018-tour-dates/ | date=March 28, 2018 | website=[[Loudwire]] | access-date=October 14, 2018 | archive-date=October 22, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022055256/http://loudwire.com/hollywood-vampires-announce-2018-tour-dates/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loudwire.com/watch-hollywood-vampires-johnny-depp-sing-david-bowie-bad-wolves-public-image-ltd-more/|title=Watch Hollywood Vampires' Johnny Depp Sing David Bowie|website=Loudwire|language=en|access-date=May 30, 2018|archive-date=May 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530160539/http://loudwire.com/watch-hollywood-vampires-johnny-depp-sing-david-bowie-bad-wolves-public-image-ltd-more/|url-status=live}}</ref> Their second studio album, ''Rise'', was released in June 2019 and consists mostly of original material, including songs written by Depp. The album also features a cover version of David Bowie's "Heroes", sung by Depp.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/hollywood-vampires-feat-alice-cooper-johnny-depp-joe-perry-rise-album-due-in-june/ |title=Hollywood Vampires Feat. Alice Cooper, Johnny Depp, Joe Perry: 'Rise' Album Due In June |website=Blabbermouth.com |date=April 17, 2019 |access-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418033020/http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/hollywood-vampires-feat-alice-cooper-johnny-depp-joe-perry-rise-album-due-in-june/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, Depp released a cover of [[John Lennon]]'s "[[Isolation (John Lennon song)|Isolation]]" with guitarist [[Jeff Beck]], and stated that they would be releasing more music together in the future.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/jeff-beck-and-johnny-depp-team-up-to-reimagine-john-lennons-isolation |title=Jeff Beck and Johnny Depp team up to reimagine John Lennon's Isolation |website=Loudersound.com |date=April 16, 2020 |access-date=April 17, 2020 |archive-date=August 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802203753/https://www.loudersound.com/news/jeff-beck-and-johnny-depp-team-up-to-reimagine-john-lennons-isolation |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception and public image==<br />
In the 1990s, Depp was seen as a new type of male film star that rejected the norms of that role.<ref name=Freeman>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/03/the-fall-of-johnny-depp-how-the-worlds-most-beautiful-movie-star-turned-very-ugly|title=The fall of Johnny Depp: how the world's most beautiful movie star turned very ugly|first=Hadley|last=Freeman|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|date=November 3, 2020|access-date=March 13, 2021|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309003209/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/03/the-fall-of-johnny-depp-how-the-worlds-most-beautiful-movie-star-turned-very-ugly|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Everett>{{cite book|last1= Everett |first1= Anna |editor1-last= Everett |editor1-first= Anna |chapter= Johnny Depp and Keanu Reeves |title= Pretty People: Movie Stars of the 1990s |year= 2012 |publisher= Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-5244-6 }}</ref> After becoming a teen idol in ''21 Jump Street'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chang|first=Joyce|date=March 2, 2021|title=From the 90s to now: Here are Johnny Depp's most iconic roles|url=https://filmdaily.co/reviews/wtn/johnny-depp-roles/|access-date=March 26, 2021|website=Film Daily|language=en-US|archive-date=March 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316204047/https://filmdaily.co/reviews/wtn/johnny-depp-roles/|url-status=live}}</ref> he publicly protested against the image, and with his subsequent film and PR choices began to cultivate a new public persona.<ref name=Freeman/><ref name=Everett/> According to journalist [[Hadley Freeman]]:<br />
{{quote|"Along with [[River Phoenix|Phoenix]] and [[Keanu Reeves]], he was part of a holy trinity of [[grunge]] heart-throbs. They were the opposite of the [[Beverly Hills 90210]] boys, or [[Brad Pitt]] and DiCaprio, because they seemed embarrassed by their looks, even resentful of them. ...This uninterest in their own prettiness made them seem edgy, even while their prettiness softened that edge. They signified not just a different kind of celebrity, but a different kind of masculinity: desirable but gentle, manly but girlish. Depp in particular was the cool pinup it was safe to like, and the safe pinup it was cool to like. We fans understood that there was more to Depp, Phoenix and Reeves than handsomeness. They were artistic—they had bands!—and they thought really big thoughts, which they would ramble on about confusingly in interviews. If we dated them, we understood that our role would be to understand their souls."<ref name=Freeman/>}}<br />
<br />
Similarly, film scholar Anna Everett has described Depp's 1990s films and public persona as "anti-macho" and "gender-bending", going against the conventions of a Hollywood leading man.<ref name=Everett/> After ''21 Jump Street'', Depp chose to work in independent films, often taking on quirky roles that sometimes even completely obscured his looks, such as ''Edward Scissorhands''.<ref name=Freeman/><ref name=Everett/> Critics often described Depp's characters as "iconic loners"<ref name="moviesonline">{{cite web|work=MoviesOnline |title=Interview: Johnny Depp |url=http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_9211.html |access-date=July 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705061408/http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_9211.html |archive-date=July 5, 2006}}</ref> or "gentle outsiders".<ref name=Everett/> According to Depp, his agent, Tracey Jacobs of the [[United Talent Agency]] (UTA), had to take "a lot of heat over the years" for his role choices; Depp characterized higher-ups at the UTA as thinking, "Jesus Christ! When does he do a movie where he kisses the girl? When does he get to pull a gun out and shoot somebody? When does he get to be a [fucking] man for a change? When is he finally going to do a blockbuster?"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tyrangiel|first=Josh|date=March 9, 2004|title=Doing It Depp's Way|language=en-US|work=Time|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040315-598528,00.html|access-date=March 15, 2021|issn=0040-781X|archive-date=December 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225090515/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040315-598528,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp also cultivated the image of a bad boy. According to Everett, his "rule-breaking" roles matched with the "much publicized rebelliousness, unconventionality, and volatility ascribed to Depp's own personal life throughout the decade. From reports of his repeated confrontations with the police, trashing of a hotel room, chain smoking, drinking, and drug use, to his multiple engagements to such glamorous women as supermodel Kate Moss and Hollywood starlet Winona Ryder and others, we clearly see a perfect fit between his non-conformist star image and his repertoire of outsider characters."<ref name=Everett/><br />
<br />
[[File:JohnnyDeppJerryBruckheimerTomCruiseHWOFJune2013.jpg|thumb|left|Depp with [[Tom Cruise]] and producer [[Jerry Bruckheimer]] in 2013]]<br />
<br />
After a decade of appearing mainly in independent films with varying commercial success, Depp became one of the biggest box office draws in the 2000s with his role as Captain Jack Sparrow in [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]]' ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' franchise.<ref name=Lennard>{{cite book |last1= Lennard|first1= Dominic |editor1-last= Pomerance |editor1-first= Murray |chapter=Wonder Boys – Matt Damon, Johnny Depp and Robert Downey Jr. |title= Shining in Shadows : Movie Stars of the 2000s |year= 2012 |publisher= Rutgers University Press |isbn= }}</ref> The five films in the series have earned US$4.5 billion as of 2021. In addition to the ''Pirates'' franchise, Depp also made further four films with Tim Burton that were major successes, with one, ''Alice in Wonderland'' (2010), becoming the biggest commercial hit of Depp's career and one of the highest-grossing films in history (as of 2021).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aliceinwonderland10.htm |title=Alice in Wonderland |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 21, 2013 |archive-date=February 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218045346/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aliceinwonderland10.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
According to film scholar Murray Pomerance, Depp's collaboration with Disney "can be seen to purport and herald a new era for Johnny Depp, one in which he is, finally, as though long-promised and long-expected, the proud proprietor of a much-accepted career; not only a star but a middle-class hero".<ref name=Lennard/> In 2003, the same year as the first film in the ''Pirates'' series was released, Depp was named "World's Sexiest Man" by ''[[People (magazine)|People]]''; he would receive the title again in 2009.<ref name=Lennard/> During the decade and into the 2010s, Depp was one of the biggest and most popular film stars in the world<ref name="Labrecque"/><ref name="NBC4 Washington"/> and was named by public vote as “Favorite Male Movie Star” at the [[People's Choice Awards]] every year for 2005 through 2012. In 2012, Depp became the most highly paid actor in the American film industry, earning at best $75 million per film,<ref>{{cite web |last=Erenza |first=Jen |title=Justin Bieber, Miranda Cosgrove, & Lady Gaga Are Welcomed Into 2012 Guinness World Records |url=http://ryanseacrest.com/2011/09/14/justin-bieber-miranda-cosgrove-lady-gaga-are-welcomed-into-2012-guinness-world-records/ |publisher=RyanSeacrest.com |access-date=September 16, 2011 |date=September 14, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925171516/http://ryanseacrest.com/2011/09/14/justin-bieber-miranda-cosgrove-lady-gaga-are-welcomed-into-2012-guinness-world-records/ |archive-date=September 25, 2011 }}</ref> and as of 2020, is the tenth highest-grossing actor worldwide, with his films having [[gross (economics)|grossed]] over US$3.7 [[billion]] at the United States box office and over US$10 billion worldwide.<ref name="The Numbers">{{Cite news|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-star-records/worldwide/lifetime-acting/top-grossing-leading-stars|title=Top 100 Stars in Leading Roles at the Worldwide Box Office|work=The Numbers|access-date=November 4, 2018|archive-date=November 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104125958/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-star-records/worldwide/lifetime-acting/top-grossing-leading-stars|url-status=live}}</ref> Although a mainstream favorite with the audiences, critics' views on Depp changed in the 2000s, becoming more negative as he was seen to conform more to the Hollywood ideal.<ref name=Lennard/> Regardless, Depp continued to eschew more traditional leading-man roles until towards the end of the 2000s, when he starred as John Dillinger in ''Public Enemies'' (2009).<ref name=Lennard/><br />
<br />
In the 2010s, Depp's films have been less successful, with many big-budget studio films such as ''[[Dark Shadows (film)|Dark Shadows]]'' (2012), ''[[The Lone Ranger (2013 film)|The Lone Ranger]]'' (2013), and ''[[Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)|Alice Through the Looking Glass]]'' (2016) underperforming at the box office and gaining Depp nominations for [[Golden Raspberry Award]]s.<ref name=Variety16/><ref name=LAT_2012/><ref name=deadline2013/><ref name=deadline2014/> Depp also received much negative publicity due to allegations of domestic violence, substance abuse, and poor on-set behavior as well as the loss of his US$650 million fortune.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/feature/the-trouble-with-johnny-depp-666010/|title=The Trouble With Johnny Depp|first=Stephen|last=Rodrick|work=[[The Rolling Stone]]|date=June 21, 2018|access-date=March 15, 2021|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308194405/https://www.rollingstone.com/feature/the-trouble-with-johnny-depp-666010/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/johnny-depp-rolling-stone-650m-film-fortune-almost-all-gone-report-1202415197/|title=Johnny Depp's $650M Film Fortune "Almost All Gone", New Rolling Stone Exposé Says|first=Greg|last=Evans|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=June 21, 2018|access-date=March 15, 2021|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326084923/https://deadline.com/2018/06/johnny-depp-rolling-stone-650m-film-fortune-almost-all-gone-report-1202415197/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/johnny-depp-a-star-crisis-insane-story-his-missing-millions-1001513|title=Johnny Depp: A Star in Crisis and the Insane Story of His "Missing" Millions|first1=Stephen|last1=Galloway|first2=Ashley|last2=Cullins|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=May 10, 2017|access-date=March 15, 2021|archive-date=February 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218044124/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/johnny-depp-a-star-crisis-insane-story-his-missing-millions-1001513|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Variety2019">{{cite magazine|first=Jordan|last=Moreau|title=Amber Heard Claims Johnny Depp Threatened to Kill Her During Years of Abuse|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/amber-heard-johnny-depp-abuse-threatened-kill-1203187472/|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|location=Los Angeles, California|access-date=April 19, 2019|date=April 11, 2019|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205513/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/amber-heard-johnny-depp-abuse-threatened-kill-1203187472/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Freeman/> Disney, with whom Depp collaborated extensively in 2003–2017, has ended their association with him,<ref name=ind_Disney/> and after losing a highly publicized libel trial against the publishers of ''The Sun'', Depp was asked to resign from Warner Bros.' ''Fantastic Beasts'' franchise.<ref name=varietynov20/> Subsequently, many publications wrote that Depp would most likely struggle to find further work in major studio productions.<ref name=hr2020/><ref name=Freeman/><ref name=ITV2020/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/johnny-depp-career-could-be-over-after-losing-libel-suit-2020-12|title=Insiders say Johnny Depp may never work in Hollywood again after losing 'wife beater' libel suit|first=Merle|last=Ginsberg|work=[[Insider Inc.|Insider]]|date=December 29, 2020|access-date=March 15, 2021|archive-date=January 1, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210101054719/https://www.insider.com/johnny-depp-career-could-be-over-after-losing-libel-suit-2020-12|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
===Relationships===<br />
Depp and makeup artist Lori Anne Allison were married from 1983 until 1985.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/feb/05/johnny-depp-and-amber-heard-marry|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard marry|date=February 5, 2015|access-date=February 28, 2021|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=February 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208231739/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/feb/05/johnny-depp-and-amber-heard-marry|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 1980s, he was engaged to actresses [[Jennifer Grey]] and [[Sherilyn Fenn]] before proposing in 1990 to his ''[[Edward Scissorhands]]'' {{nowrap|co-star}} [[Winona Ryder]], for whom he tattooed "WINONA FOREVER" on his right arm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/03/the-fall-of-johnny-depp-how-the-worlds-most-beautiful-movie-star-turned-very-ugly|title=The fall of Johnny Depp: how the world's most beautiful movie star turned very ugly|date=November 3, 2020|access-date=February 28, 2021|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Hadley|last=Freeman|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309003209/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/03/the-fall-of-johnny-depp-how-the-worlds-most-beautiful-movie-star-turned-very-ugly|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
In 1994–1997, he was in a relationship with English model [[Kate Moss]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/kate-moss-breakdown-and-johnny-depp-heartbreak-vanity-fair-interview|title=Kate Moss' Breakdown And Heartache|date=October 31, 2012|access-date=February 28, 2021|work=[[British Vogue|Vogue (UK)]]|first=Ella|last=Alexander|archive-date=May 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080255/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/kate-moss-breakdown-and-johnny-depp-heartbreak-vanity-fair-interview|url-status=live}}</ref> Following his breakup from Moss, Depp began a relationship with French actress and singer [[Vanessa Paradis]], whom he met while filming ''[[The Ninth Gate]]'' in France in 1998. They have two children, daughter [[Lily-Rose Depp|Lily-Rose Melody Depp]] (born 1999<!-- year only, see WP:DOB -->) and son John Christopher "Jack" Depp III (born 2002<!-- year only, see WP:DOB -->).<ref name=children&BBC>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1938099.stm |title=Baby boy for Depp and Paradis |work=BBC News |date=September 18, 2002 |access-date=November 21, 2008 |archive-date=July 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727044922/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1938099.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Depp stated that having children has given him a "real foundation, a real strong place to stand in life, in work, in everything. ...You cannot plan the kind of deep love that results in children. Fatherhood was not a conscious decision. It was part of the wonderful ride I was on. It was destiny. All the math finally worked."<ref name="abc" /> Depp and Paradis announced that they had separated in June 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Depp & Vanessa Paradis Officially Split|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20562667,00.html|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=June 19, 2012|access-date=June 19, 2012|archive-date=October 17, 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BTc0BRhb?url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20562667,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Relationship with Amber Heard====<br />
{{see also|Amber Heard#Relationship with Johnny Depp|Depp v News Group Newspapers Ltd}}<br />
Following the end of his relationship with Vanessa Paradis, Depp began dating actress [[Amber Heard]], with whom he had co-starred in ''The Rum Diary'' (2011).<ref>{{cite web |last=Finn |first=Natalie |title=Is Amber Heard Engaged to Johnny Depp: Exclusive Ring Pics! |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/499499/is-amber-heard-engaged-to-johnny-depp-actress-is-wearing-a-massive-ring-see-exclusive-photos |website=E!&nbsp;Online |access-date=April 29, 2019 |date=January 14, 2014 |archive-date=November 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115122647/https://www.eonline.com/news/499499/is-amber-heard-engaged-to-johnny-depp-actress-is-wearing-a-massive-ring-see-exclusive-photos |url-status=live }}</ref> They were married in a civil ceremony in February 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard: A Timeline of Their Tempestuous Relationship|url=https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-divorce-settlement-1201837685/|first1=Lamarco|last1=McClendon|first2=Maria|last2=Cavassuto|first3=Lawrence|last3=Yee|date=August 19, 2016|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127083059/https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-divorce-settlement-1201837685/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=courtdocument>{{cite web|url=http://documents.latimes.com/amber-heard-and-johnny-depps-court-declarations-regarding-allegations-domestic-violence/|title=Amber Heard and Johnny Depp's court declarations regarding allegations of domestic violence|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 27, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=March 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304030720/http://documents.latimes.com/amber-heard-and-johnny-depps-court-declarations-regarding-allegations-domestic-violence/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard Tie the Knot: Source|url=http://www.people.com/article/johnny-depp-amber-heard-marry-wedding-civil-ceremony-los-angeles|work=People|access-date=February 4, 2015|archive-date=February 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206221803/https://people.com/article/johnny-depp-amber-heard-marry-wedding-civil-ceremony-los-angeles|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard filed for divorce in May 2016 and obtained a [[restraining order|temporary restraining order]] against Depp, alleging in her court declaration that he had been verbally and physically abusive throughout their relationship, usually while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.<ref name=cnn>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/16/entertainment/amber-heard-johnny-depp-timeline/|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard Settle Divorce|website=[[CNN]]|location=Atlanta, Georgia|first=Lisa Respers|last=France|date=August 16, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411215238/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/16/entertainment/amber-heard-johnny-depp-timeline/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=wright>{{cite web|url=http://www.refinery29.com/2016/06/113149/domestic-violence-911-call-famous-friend|title=Why I Called 911|last=Wright|first=iO Tillett|website=[[Refinery29]]|date=June 8, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=October 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004154126/https://www.refinery29.com/2016/06/113149/domestic-violence-911-call-famous-friend|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-amber-heard-bruise-photos-20160601-snap-story.html|title=New photos of Amber Heard show bruised eye and bloody lip|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=June 1, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|first=Libby|last=Hill|archive-date=March 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315024551/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-amber-heard-bruise-photos-20160601-snap-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Variety2019"/> Depp denied this and alleged that she was "attempting to secure a premature financial resolution".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lyons|first=Izzy|date=March 25, 2021|title=Johnny Depp refused permission to appeal High Court 'wife beater' ruling|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/03/25/johnny-depp-find-can-appeal-high-courts-wife-beater-ruling/|access-date=March 26, 2021|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325183710/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/03/25/johnny-depp-find-can-appeal-high-courts-wife-beater-ruling/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnn/><ref name=guardiancarroll>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/aug/16/amber-heard-assault-allegations-johnny-depp-divorce|title=Amber Heard settles domestic abuse case against Johnny Depp|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|first=Rory|last=Carroll|date=August 16, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=February 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222165524/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/aug/16/amber-heard-assault-allegations-johnny-depp-divorce|url-status=live}}</ref> A settlement was reached in August 2016,<ref name=NYT>{{cite web|url=http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/08/19/amber-heard-to-give-7m-johnny-depp-divorce-settlement-to-charity/|title=Amber Heard To Give $7M Johnny Depp Divorce Settlement To Charity|work=[[The New York Times]]|location=London, England|date=August 19, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=December 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212121140/http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/08/19/amber-heard-to-give-7m-johnny-depp-divorce-settlement-to-charity/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the divorce was finalized in January 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38621519|title=Johnny Depp and Amber Heard Finalise Divorce|date=January 14, 2017|access-date=January 14, 2017|website=[[BBC]]|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328005741/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38621519|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard dismissed the restraining order, and they issued a joint statement saying that their "relationship was intensely passionate and at times volatile, but always bound by love. Neither party has made false accusations for financial gain. There was never any intent of physical or emotional harm."<ref name=NYT/> Depp paid Heard a settlement of US$7&nbsp;million, which she pledged to donate<ref>{{cite web |last1=Patten |first1=Dominic |url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/johnny-depp-abuse-lawsuit-amber-heard-charitable-donations-disputed-divorce-1234667028/ |title=Johnny Depp Making "Desperate Attempt" To Malign Amber Heard, 'Aquaman' Star's Lawyer Says; Admits Promised $7M Charitable Donations "Delayed" |website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |access-date=March 3, 2021 |date=January 7, 2021 |archive-date=March 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205531/https://deadline.com/2021/01/johnny-depp-abuse-lawsuit-amber-heard-charitable-donations-disputed-divorce-1234667028/ |url-status=live }}</ref> to the ACLU<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/actress-amber-heard-donates-millions-support-aclu-and-its-work-fighting-violence|title=Actress Amber Heard Donates Millions to Support the ACLU and Its Work Fighting Violence Against Women|publisher=[[American Civil Liberties Union]]|date=August 19, 2016|access-date=May 23, 2017|archive-date=May 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528021633/https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/actress-amber-heard-donates-millions-support-aclu-and-its-work-fighting-violence|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Children's Hospital Los Angeles]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Lyons|first1=Izzy|last2=Davies|first2=Gareth|date=March 18, 2021|title=Johnny Depp appeal: Amber Heard claim she donated £5.5m divorce settlement a 'calculated lie'|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/03/18/johnny-depp-appeal-amber-heard-claim-donated-55m-divorce-settlement/|access-date=March 26, 2021|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325100510/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/03/18/johnny-depp-appeal-amber-heard-claim-donated-55m-divorce-settlement/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amber Heard Honored for 7-Figure Donation to Children's Hospital Following Johnny Depp Divorce|url=http://people.com/movies/amber-heard-makes-7-figure-donation-childrens-hospital-after-johnny-depp-divorce/|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|location=New York City|first=Mike|last=Miller|date=April 9, 2018|access-date=May 4, 2018|archive-date=January 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129115105/https://people.com/movies/amber-heard-makes-7-figure-donation-childrens-hospital-after-johnny-depp-divorce/|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, a US judge ruled that the ACLU must disclose documents to determine if Heard donated the $7 million to the charity, after Depp’s lawyer claimed her donation promise was a lie.<ref>https://eu.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/07/30/johnny-depp-granted-request-aclu-confirm-amber-heard-donation/5438287001/</ref><ref>https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/08/johnny-depp-gets-permission-for-the-records-hes-looking-for</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Russian|first=Ale|date=June 4, 2018|title=Johnny Depp Sues U.K. Tabloid for Defamation Over Story Slamming Him and J.K. Rowling|url=https://people.com/movies/johnny-depp-sues-u-k-tabloid-for-defamation-over-story-slamming-him-and-j-k-rowling/|url-status=live|access-date=April 14, 2021|website=PEOPLE.com|language=en|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414004358/https://people.com/movies/johnny-depp-sues-u-k-tabloid-for-defamation-over-story-slamming-him-and-j-k-rowling/}}</ref> Depp brought a [[Depp v News Group Newspapers Ltd|libel lawsuit]] in the UK against [[News Group Newspapers]] (NGN), the company publishing the ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|Sun]]'', which had called him a "wife beater" in an April 2018 article.<ref name="guardiaNovembersecond">{{cite news|last1=Bowcott|first1=Owen|last2=Davies|first2=Caroline|date=November 2, 2020|title=Johnny Depp loses libel case against Sun over claims he beat ex-wife Amber Heard|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/johnny-depp-loses-libel-case-against-sun-over-claims-he-beat-ex-wife-amber-heard|access-date=November 2, 2020|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205528/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/johnny-depp-loses-libel-case-against-sun-over-claims-he-beat-ex-wife-amber-heard|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBCnovembersecond">{{cite news|date=November 2, 2020|title=Depp loses libel case against The Sun newspaper|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-54779430|access-date=November 2, 2020|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505190012/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-54779430|url-status=live}}</ref> The case had a highly publicized trial in July 2020, with both Depp and Heard testifying for several days.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walawalkar|first1=Aaron|date=November 2, 2020|title=London high court to deliver ruling on Johnny Depp libel case|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/london-high-court-to-deliver-ruling-on-johnny-depp-libel-case|access-date=November 2, 2020|archive-date=November 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102062313/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/london-high-court-to-deliver-ruling-on-johnny-depp-libel-case|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2020, the [[High Court of Justice]] ruled that 12 of the 14 incidents of violence claimed by Heard were ”substantially true”.<ref name="guardiaNovembersecond" /><ref name="BBCnovembersecond" /> The court rejected Depp's claim of a hoax<ref>{{cite web|date=November 25, 2020|title=Johnny Depp libel case appeal bid turned down|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/uk-55079825|access-date=March 24, 2021|work=BBC|archive-date=December 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203051347/https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/uk-55079825|url-status=live}}</ref> and accepted that the allegations Heard had made against Depp "have had a negative effect on her career as an actor and activist".<ref name="guardiaNovembersecond" /><ref name="BBCnovembersecond" /> Following the verdict, Depp resigned from the role of [[List of supporting Harry Potter characters|Gellert Grindelwald]] in the ''[[Fantastic Beasts]]'' franchise, after being asked to do so by its production company, [[Warner Bros.]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|date=November 6, 2020|title=Johnny Depp says he has been asked to resign from Fantastic Beasts franchise|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/06/johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-resign-franchise-statement|access-date=December 9, 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=December 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209200012/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/06/johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-resign-franchise-statement|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp's appeal to overturn the verdict was rejected by the [[Court of Appeal (England and Wales)|Court of Appeal]] in March 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 25, 2021|title=Johnny Depp loses bid to overturn ruling in libel case|work=The Guardian|first=Sarah|last=Marsh|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/mar/25/johnny-depp-loses-bid-to-overturn-ruling-in-libel-case|access-date=March 25, 2021|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325102805/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/mar/25/johnny-depp-loses-bid-to-overturn-ruling-in-libel-case|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In early 2019, Depp sued Heard for defamation over an [[op-ed]] she wrote about her experiences of leaving an abusive relationship, which was published by the ''[[The Washington Post|Washington Post]]'' in December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Patten|first=Dominic|date=February 24, 2021|title=Delayed Again! Johnny Depp's $50M Defamation Trial Against Amber Heard Pushed To Next Year|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/johnny-depp-trial-amber-heard-delayed-2022-murder-case-1234700180/|access-date=March 26, 2021|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318231509/https://deadline.com/2021/02/johnny-depp-trial-amber-heard-delayed-2022-murder-case-1234700180/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Griffith|first1=Janelle|title=Johnny Depp sues ex-wife Amber Heard for $50&nbsp;million for allegedly defaming him|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/johnny-depp-sues-ex-wife-amber-heard-50-million-allegedly-n978976|date=March 4, 2019|website=[[NBC News]]|location=New York City|access-date=April 12, 2019|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205616/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/johnny-depp-sues-ex-wife-amber-heard-50-million-allegedly-n978976|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="varietymarch2019">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-defamation-washington-post-op-ed-50-million-1203153857/amp/|title=Johnny Depp Reportedly Sues Amber Heard for $50M Over Washington Post Op-Ed|last=Nyren|first=Erin|date=March 2, 2019|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|location=Los Angeles, California|access-date=March 3, 2019|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505190114/https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-defamation-washington-post-op-ed-50-million-1203153857/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp alleged that Heard had been the abuser and that her allegations constituted a hoax against him.<ref name="varietymarch2019" /> Heard denied Depp's claims.<ref name="Variety2019" /> The case is scheduled to go to trial in [[Fairfax County, Virginia]] in April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Patten|first=Dominic|date=February 24, 2021|title=Delayed Again! Johnny Depp's $50M Defamation Trial Against Amber Heard Pushed To Next Year|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/johnny-depp-trial-amber-heard-delayed-2022-murder-case-1234700180/|access-date=March 12, 2021|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318231509/https://deadline.com/2021/02/johnny-depp-trial-amber-heard-delayed-2022-murder-case-1234700180/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In August 2020, Heard countersued Depp, alleging that he had coordinated "a harassment campaign via Twitter and [by] orchestrating online petitions in an effort to get her fired from ''[[Aquaman (film)|Aquaman]]'' and [[L'Oréal|L'Oreal]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Johnny Depp Seeks Defamation Trial Delay Because of 'Fantastic Beasts 3' Filming |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-seeks-defamation-trial-delay-because-of-fantastic-beasts-3-filming |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=November 8, 2020 |date=August 31, 2020 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101221757/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-seeks-defamation-trial-delay-because-of-fantastic-beasts-3-filming |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Johnny Depp seeks delay to US defamation trial due to Fantastic Beasts 3 filming |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-53983386 |website=[[BBC]] |access-date=November 8, 2020 |date=September 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108080603/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-53983386 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On August 17, 2021, a judge in the U.S. state of [[Virginia]] allowed Depp to file a libel case against Heard in spite of the legal loss in the United Kingdom. The judge based his decision on "key differences" between the two cases in the two different countries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=Eriq |title=Johnny Depp Allowed Libel Suit Against Amber Heard Despite U.K. Ruling |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/johnny-depp-allowed-libel-suit-against-amber-heard-despite-u-k-ruling-1234998895/ |access-date=18 August 2021 |work=[[Hollywood Reporter]] |date=18 August 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Alcohol and drug use===<br />
Depp has struggled with [[alcoholism]] and [[Substance dependence|addiction]] for much of his life. He has stated that he began using drugs by taking his mother's "nerve pills" at the age of 11, was smoking at age 12 and by the age of 14 had used "every kind of drugs there were".<ref name=people>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/celebrity/johnny-depps-history-with-alcohol-drugs-hillbilly-rage-in-his-own-words/|title=Drinking, Drugs and 'Hillbilly Rage': Johnny Depp's Own Words About His Troubled Past|work=People.com|first=Lindsay|last=Kimble|date=June 7, 2016|access-date=June 26, 2018|archive-date=June 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626083036/https://people.com/celebrity/johnny-depps-history-with-alcohol-drugs-hillbilly-rage-in-his-own-words/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=guardianjuly>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/jul/07/johnny-depps-barrister-tells-court-amber-heard-invented-abuse-claims-libel-case|title=Johnny Depp admits heavy drinking but denies abuse of Amber Heard|first=Owen|last=Bowcott|date=July 7, 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=November 3, 2020|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111093059/https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/jul/07/johnny-depps-barrister-tells-court-amber-heard-invented-abuse-claims-libel-case|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 1997 interview, Depp acknowledged past abuse of alcohol during the filming of ''[[What's Eating Gilbert Grape?]]'' (1993).<ref name=people/> In a 2008 interview, Depp stated that he had "poisoned" himself with alcohol "for years".<ref name=people/> In 2013, Depp declared that he had [[Teetotalism|stopped drinking alcohol]], adding that he "pretty much got everything [he] could get out of it"; Depp also said, "I investigated wine and spirits thoroughly, and they certainly investigated me as well, and we found out that we got along beautifully, but maybe too well."<ref name=huffpostalcohol>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/20/johnny-depp-alcohol_n_3472555.html|title=Johnny Depp And Alcohol: Actor Reveals 'I Don't Have The Physical Need For The Drug'|work=Huffington Post|date=June 20, 2013|access-date=June 26, 2018|archive-date=April 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430041043/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/20/johnny-depp-alcohol_n_3472555.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Regarding his breakup with longtime partner Vanessa Paradis, Depp said that he "definitely wasn't going to rely on the drink to ease things or cushion the blow or cushion the situation...[because] that could have been fatal."<ref name=huffpostalcohol /><br />
<br />
According to his ex-wife Amber Heard, Depp "plunged into the depths of paranoia and violence after bingeing on drugs and alcohol" during their relationship in 2013–2016.<ref name="Variety2019"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/28/johnny-depp-became-delusional-and-aggressive-after-bingeing-on-d/|title=Johnny Depp became 'delusional and aggressive' after bingeing on drugs and alcohol, says Amber Heard|work=Telegraph (UK)|first=Nick|last=Allen|date=May 28, 2016|access-date=June 26, 2018|archive-date=June 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627143451/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/28/johnny-depp-became-delusional-and-aggressive-after-bingeing-on-d/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NYT/> In a 2018 ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' profile of Depp, reporter Stephen Rodrick wrote that he had used [[hashish]] in his presence and described him as "alternately hilarious, sly and incoherent"; Depp also said that the allegation made by his former business managers that he had spent US$30,000 per month on wine was "insulting" because he had spent "far more" than that amount.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/johnny-depp-lawsuit-marriage-w521671 |title=The Trouble With Johnny Depp |work=Rolling Stone |first=Stephen |last=Rodrick |date=June 21, 2018 |access-date=June 26, 2018 |archive-date=June 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625192135/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/johnny-depp-lawsuit-marriage-w521671 |url-status=live }}</ref> During his 2020 libel trial, Depp admitted to having been addicted to [[Roxicodone]] and alcohol as well as used other substances such as [[MDMA]] and [[cocaine]] during his relationship with Heard.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jul/08/johnny-depp-assaulted-amber-heard-laughed-tattoo-court-told-libel-sun|work=The Guardian|title=Johnny Depp accused of suffering 'blackouts' over violent behaviour|first=Owen|last=Bowcott|date=July 8, 2020|access-date=November 3, 2020|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101073018/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jul/08/johnny-depp-assaulted-amber-heard-laughed-tattoo-court-told-libel-sun|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/johnny-depp-lifestyle-laid-bare-amber-heard|work=The Guardian|title=Cocaine binges and $30,000 wine bills: Johnny Depp's lifestyle laid bare|first=Owen|last=Bowcott|date=November 2, 2020|access-date=November 3, 2020|archive-date=November 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103045448/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/02/johnny-depp-lifestyle-laid-bare-amber-heard|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cbc_closing>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/eu-britain-johnny-depp-1.5664153|title=Tabloid lawyer claims Johnny Depp was misogynistic abuser in closing arguments|first=Jill|last=Lawson|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=July 27, 2020|access-date=March 23, 2021|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325185102/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/eu-britain-johnny-depp-1.5664153|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53347044|title=Johnny Depp accuses Amber Heard of severing finger tip|first=|last=|work=[[BBC]]|date=July 9, 2020|access-date=March 23, 2021|archive-date=March 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170733/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53347044|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Legal dealings===<br />
Depp was arrested in [[Vancouver]] in 1989 for assaulting a security guard after the police were called to end a loud party at his hotel room.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/03/09/Teen-heart-throb-Johnny-Depp-who-plays-an-undercover-policeman/8389605422800/ |title=Teen heart-throb Johnny Depp, who plays an undercover policeman... |date=March 9, 1989 |access-date=December 19, 2016 |work=[[UPI]] |archive-date=August 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807131359/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/03/09/Teen-heart-throb-Johnny-Depp-who-plays-an-undercover-policeman/8389605422800 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also arrested in New York City in 1994 after causing significant damage to his room at [[The Mark Hotel]], where he was staying with [[Kate Moss]], his then-girlfriend. The charges were dropped against him after he agreed to pay US$9,767 in damages.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/14/style/chronicle-236659.html|title=Chronicle|first=Nadine|last=Brozan|date=September 14, 1994|access-date=December 19, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-date=May 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510082221/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/14/style/chronicle-236659.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Depp was arrested again in 1999 for brawling with paparazzi outside a restaurant while dining in London with Paradis.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/269156.stm |title=Depp arrested after scuffle |work=BBC News |date=January 31, 1999 |access-date=July 28, 2010 |archive-date=May 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517010933/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/269156.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2012, disabled [[UC Irvine]] medical professor Robin Eckert sued Depp and three security firms, claiming to have been attacked by his bodyguards at a concert in Los Angeles in 2011. During the incident, she was allegedly hand-cuffed and dragged 40 feet across the floor, resulting in injuries including a dislocated elbow.<ref name=LAT>{{cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/11/johnny-depp-uc-irvine-professor-damages.html |title=UC Irvine prof can seek damages from Johnny Depp in concert scuffle |work=Los Angeles Times |last=Williams |first=L. |date=November 2, 2012 |access-date=June 23, 2013 |archive-date=July 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722105316/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/11/johnny-depp-uc-irvine-professor-damages.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She argued in court that, as the security guards' direct manager, Depp failed to intervene, even though he did not actively take part in the battery.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-15|title=Judge: Woman can sue Johnny Depp for punitive damages over injuries at Iggy Pop concert|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/judge-woman-can-sue-johnny-depp-for-punitive-damages-over-injuries-at-iggy-pop-concert/|website=www.cbsnews.com|archive-date=May 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515031306/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/judge-woman-can-sue-johnny-depp-for-punitive-damages-over-injuries-at-iggy-pop-concert/|url-status=live}}</ref> Before the case went to trial, Depp settled with Eckert for an undisclosed sum, according to TMZ.<ref name=EckertSettle>{{cite news|title=Johnny Depp Settles Up In 'Concert Brawl' Lawsuit|url=https://www.tmz.com/2014/01/03/johnny-depp-settles-lawsuit-concert-iggy-pop-bodyguards/?vtest=100|access-date=December 24, 2018|work=TMZ|date=January 3, 2014|archive-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225034915/https://www.tmz.com/2014/01/03/johnny-depp-settles-lawsuit-concert-iggy-pop-bodyguards/?vtest=100|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2015, Depp's then-wife Amber Heard breached Australia's [[biosecurity]] laws when she failed to declare her and Depp's two dogs to the [[Australian Customs Service|customs]] when they flew into [[Queensland]], where he was working on a film.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johnny Depp's dogs face death in Australia|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-32732313|access-date=April 18, 2016|work=BBC News|date=May 14, 2015|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406142739/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-32732313|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Amber Heard charged with illegally bringing dogs to Australia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jul/16/amber-heard-charged-with-taking-dogs-to-australia-johnny-depp|access-date=April 18, 2016|work=The Guardian|date=July 16, 2015|archive-date=June 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626204825/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jul/16/amber-heard-charged-with-taking-dogs-to-australia-johnny-depp|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard pleaded guilty to falsifying quarantine documents, stating that she had made a mistake due to sleep deprivation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johnny Depp's dogs: Amber Heard pleads guilty over Boo and Pistol quarantine document|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-18/johnny-depp-and-amber-heard-gold-coast-court-dogs/7333662|access-date=April 18, 2016|work=ABC News|date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=June 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626204822/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-18/johnny-depp-and-amber-heard-gold-coast-court-dogs/7333662|url-status=live}}</ref> She was placed on a $1,000 one-month [[Discharge (sentence)#Australia|good behavior bond]] for producing a false document;<ref name=guardianterriers>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/18/johnny-depps-wife-amber-heard-pleads-guilty-over-bringing-dogs-to-australia|title=Charges dropped against Amber Heard for bringing dogs to Australia with Johnny Depp|first=Joshua|last=Robertson|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|date=April 18, 2016|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=April 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414191308/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/18/johnny-depps-wife-amber-heard-pleads-guilty-over-bringing-dogs-to-australia|url-status=live}}</ref> Heard and Depp also released a video in which they apologized for their behavior and urged people to adhere to the biosecurity laws.<ref name=guardianterriers/> ''[[The Guardian]]'' called the case the "highest profile criminal quarantine case" in Australian history.<ref name=guardianterriers/><br />
<br />
In March 2016, Depp cut ties with his management company, The Management Group (TMG), and sued them in January 2017 for allegedly improperly managing his money and leaving him over $40 million in debt.<ref name=BBCtmg>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44857708|title=Johnny Depp settles lawsuit with former management|work=BBC|date=July 17, 2018|access-date=November 3, 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109024504/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44857708|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/johnny-depp-sues-business-managers-accuses-them-of-fraud-1484354022 |title=Johnny Depp Sues Business Managers, Accuses Them of Fraud |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=January 13, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2017 |first1=Erich |last1=Schwartzel |first2=Ben |last2=Fritz |first3=Scott |last3=Patterson |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322211109/https://www.wsj.com/articles/johnny-depp-sues-business-managers-accuses-them-of-fraud-1484354022 |url-status=live }}</ref> TMG stated that Depp was responsible for his own fiscal mismanagement and countersued him for unpaid fees.<ref name=BBCtmg/><ref>{{cite web |first=Ashley |last=Cullins |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-hit-countersuit-by-business-managers-970719 |title=Johnny Depp Lives $2M-a-Month Lifestyle, Claim Ex-Managers in Lawsuit |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=January 31, 2017 |access-date=March 3, 2017 |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210204246/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-hit-countersuit-by-business-managers-970719 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a related suit, Depp also sued his lawyers, Bloom Hergott, in January 2017.<ref name=HollywoodReporterBloom>{{cite web |first=Eriq |last=Gardner |title=Johnny Depp Settles Dispute With Jake Bloom's Law Firm |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-settles-dispute-jake-blooms-law-firm-1251285 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=October 30, 2019 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116011804/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-settles-dispute-jake-blooms-law-firm-1251285 |url-status=live }}</ref> Both lawsuits were settled, the former in 2018 and the latter in 2019.<ref name=HollywoodReporterBloom/><ref>{{cite web |first=Eriq |last=Gardner |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-settles-blockbuster-lawsuit-business-managers-1127342 |title=Johnny Depp Settles Blockbuster Lawsuit Against Business Managers |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=July 16, 2018 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117231441/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/johnny-depp-settles-blockbuster-lawsuit-business-managers-1127342 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=BBCtmg/><br />
<br />
In 2018, two of Depp's former bodyguards sued him for unpaid fees and unsafe working conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/05/johnny-depp-bodyguards-lawsuit-unpaid-wages-working-conditions-1202380549/|title=Johnny Depp Hit In Unpaid Bodyguards Suit; Claims Of Drug Use & "Chaos"|first=Dominic|last=Patten|work=Deadline|date=May 1, 2018|access-date=November 3, 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109000849/https://deadline.com/2018/05/johnny-depp-bodyguards-lawsuit-unpaid-wages-working-conditions-1202380549/|url-status=live}}</ref> The suit was settled in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1003064/johnny-depp-quietly-settles-lawsuit-with-former-bodyguards|title=Johnny Depp Quietly Settles Lawsuit With Former Bodyguards|first=Mike|last=Vulpo|work=E!News|date=January 8, 2019|access-date=November 3, 2020|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127133313/https://www.eonline.com/news/1003064/johnny-depp-quietly-settles-lawsuit-with-former-bodyguards|url-status=live}}</ref> Also in 2018, Depp was sued for allegedly hitting and verbally insulting a crew member while under the influence of alcohol on the set of ''[[City of Lies]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44778997|title=Depp 'punched crew member in drunken tirade'|date=July 10, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=July 10, 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=July 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716134516/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44778997|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Political and religious views===<br />
Depp stated to the German magazine ''[[Stern (magazine)|Stern]]'' in 2003 that "America is dumb, is something like a dumb puppy that has big teeth—that can bite and hurt you, aggressive."<ref name="Hindu" /> Although he later asserted that the magazine misquoted him and his words were taken out of context, ''Stern'' stood by its story, as did [[CNN]] in its coverage of the interview. CNN added his remark that he would like his children "to see America as a toy, a broken toy. Investigate it a little, check it out, get this feeling and then get out."<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2003/SHOWBIZ/Movies/09/03/depp.us.reax.reut/ Johnny Depp: U.S. is like a stupid puppy] CNN.</ref><ref name="Silverman2003-09-03"><br />
{{cite magazine<br />
| last = Silverman<br />
| first = Stephen M.<br />
| date = September 3, 2003<br />
| title = Johnny Depp Calls U.S. a 'Dumb Puppy'<br />
| magazine=People<br />
|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,626682,00.html<br />
| access-date =July 28, 2010<br />
}}</ref> Depp has also disagreed with subsequent media reports that perceived him as a "European wannabe", saying that he liked the anonymity and simplicity of living in France while in a relationship with Paradis.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |work=The Hindu |title=Media perception is exaggerated: Johnny Depp |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200606190921.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109002305/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200606190921.htm |archive-date=November 9, 2006 |access-date=June 22, 2006 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Depp became a U.S. resident again in 2011, because France wanted him to become a permanent resident, which he said would require him to pay [[income tax]] in both countries.<ref>[http://blog.chron.com/celebritybuzz/2011/11/johnny-depp-moves-back-to-america-to-avoid-paying-taxes-in-france/ "Johnny Depp moves back to America to avoid paying taxes in France"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110134029/http://blog.chron.com/celebritybuzz/2011/11/johnny-depp-moves-back-to-america-to-avoid-paying-taxes-in-france/ |date=November 10, 2011 }}, ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'', November 11, 2011.</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2016, Depp joined the campaign Imprisoned for Art to call for the release of Ukrainian filmmaker [[Oleg Sentsov]], who was being held in custody in Russia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-depp-supports-ukrainian-director-oleg-sentsov-imprisoned-art-campaign-948212 |title=Johnny Depp Supports Ukrainian Director Oleg Sentsov in "Imprisoned for Art" Campaign |website=The Hollywood Reporter |first=Vladimir |last=Kozlov |date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=February 18, 2019 |archive-date=February 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219015618/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/johnny-depp-supports-ukrainian-director-oleg-sentsov-imprisoned-art-campaign-948212 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
At the [[Glastonbury Festival 2017]], Depp publicly asked: "When was the last time an actor assassinated a President? I want to clarify: I'm not an actor. I lie for a living. However, it's been a while and maybe it's time." He added, "I'm not insinuating anything". The comment seemed to refer to [[John Wilkes Booth]], the actor who [[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|assassinated Abraham Lincoln]]. Shawn Holtzclaw of the [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] told [[CNN]] that they were "aware" of Depp's comment, but said: "For security reasons, we cannot discuss specifically nor in general terms the means and methods of how we perform our protective responsibilities".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/22/entertainment/johnny-depp-trump-comment-glastonbury/index.html |title=Johnny Depp: 'When was the last time an actor assassinated a President?' |first=Madison |last=Park |author2=Lisa Respers France |work=[[CNN]] |date=June 23, 2016 |access-date=June 23, 2017 |archive-date=June 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623133607/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/22/entertainment/johnny-depp-trump-comment-glastonbury/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/johnny-depp-when-was-the-last-time-an-actor-assassinated-a-president-w489433|title=Johnny Depp: 'When Was the Last Time an Actor Assassinated a President?'|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|first=Ryan|last=Reed|date=June 23, 2016|access-date=September 2, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827060549/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/johnny-depp-when-was-the-last-time-an-actor-assassinated-a-president-w489433|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Depp apologized for making these remarks, saying: "It did not come out as intended, and I intended no malice. I was only trying to amuse, not to harm anyone."<ref>{{cite web |last=Stedman |first=Alex |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/johnny-depp-trump-assassination-apology-1202477242/ |title=Johnny Depp Apologizes for Donald Trump Assassination Joke |date=June 23, 2017 |work=Variety |access-date=June 24, 2017 |archive-date=June 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623204411/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/johnny-depp-trump-assassination-apology-1202477242/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography and accolades==<br />
{{main|Johnny Depp filmography|List of awards and nominations received by Johnny Depp}}<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! class="unsortable" |Songs<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
| ''[[The Snake (Shane MacGowan album)|The Snake]]''<br />{{small|by [[Shane MacGowan and The Popes|Shane MacGowan & The Popes]]}}<br />
| "That Woman's Got Me Drinking"<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
| ''[[P (album)|P]]''<br />{{small|by [[P (band)|P]]}}<br />
| {{small|Guitar, bass, & background vocals}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
| ''[[Be Here Now (album)|Be Here Now]]''<br />{{small|by [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]]}}<br />
| "Fade In-Out"<br />"Fade Away (Warchild Version)" (B-side)<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
| ''[[Avenue B (album)|Avenue B]]''<br />{{small|by [[Iggy Pop]]}}<br />
| "Hollywood Affair" (B-side)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2000<br />
| ''[[Bliss (Vanessa Paradis album)|Bliss]]''<br />{{small|by [[Vanessa Paradis]]}}<br />
| "St. Germain" {{small|—writing credit}},<br />"Bliss" {{small|—writing credit}},<br />"Firmaman" {{small|—guitar}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chocolat (2000 film)|Chocolat]]''<br />
| "Minor Swing",<br />"They're Red Hot",<br />"Caravan"<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mexico]]''<br />
| "Sands' Theme" {{small|—composer/producer}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street: The Motion Picture Soundtrack|Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street]]''<br />
| [[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street: The Motion Picture Soundtrack#Track listing|Various]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''Pandemonium Ensues''<br />{{small|by [[Glenn Tilbrook]] & The Fluffers}}<br />
| "Too Close to the Sun"<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2010<br />
| "[[I Put a Spell on You]]" (single)<br />{{small|by [[Shane MacGowan]] & Friends}}<br />
| {{small|Guitar}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ex-Maniac]]''<br />{{small|by [[Babybird]]}}<br />
| "Unloveable"<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"| 2011<br />
| ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary—Soundtrack]]''<br />{{small|by Various}}<br />
| "Kemp in the Village" {{small|—producer/composer/guitar}}<br />"Mermaid Song" {{small|—piano}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''From Gainsbourg to Lulu''<br />{{small|by Lulu Gainsbourg}}<br />
| "Ballade de Melody Nelson" {{small|—guitars, bass, drums, & duet with [[Vanessa Paradis]]}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Pleasures of Self Destruction]]''<br />{{small|by [[Babybird]]}}<br />
| "The Jesus Stag Night Club"<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"| 2012<br />
| ''[[Music from Another Dimension!|Aerosmith: Music from Another Dimension!]]''<br />{{small|by [[Aerosmith]]}}<br />
| "Freedom Fighter"<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Born Villain]]''<br />{{small|by [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]]}}<br />
| "You're So Vain"<br />
|-<br />
| ''Collective Bargaining''<br />{{small|by Jup & Rob Jackson}}<br />
| "Street Runners"<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[West of Memphis]]: Voices of Justice—Soundtrack''<br />{{small|Various}}<br />
| "Little Lion Man"<br />"Damien Echols Death Row Letter Year 16"<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"| 2013<br />
| ''[[Son of Rogues Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs & Chanteys]]''<br />{{small|by Various}}<br />
| "The Mermaid" by [[Patti Smith]] {{small|—guitar}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Steve |last=Leggett |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/son-of-rogues-gallery-pirate-ballads-sea-songs-chanteys-mw0002476575 |title=Son of Rogues Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs & Chanteys - Various Artists &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits |website=[[AllMusic]] |date=February 19, 2013 |access-date=March 3, 2017 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410194629/https://www.allmusic.com/album/son-of-rogues-gallery-pirate-ballads-sea-songs-chanteys-mw0002476575 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Manhattan Blues Project]]''<br />{{small|by [[Steve Hunter]]}}<br />
| "The Brooklyn Shuffle"<br />
|-<br />
| ''Love Songs''<br />{{small|by [[Vanessa Paradis]]}}<br />
| "New Year"<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Lone Ranger (soundtrack)|The Lone Ranger: Wanted (Music Inspired by the Film)]]''<br />{{small|by Various}}<br />
| "Poor Paddy on the Railway" {{small|—guitar}}<br />"Sweet Betsy from Pike" {{small|—arrangement}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2014<br />
| ''[[Lost on the River: The New Basement Tapes]]''<br />{{small|by [[The New Basement Tapes]]}}<br />
| "Kansas City"<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Into the Woods (soundtrack)|Into the Woods—Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''<br />
| "Hello, Little Girl"<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2015<br />
| ''[[Hollywood Vampires (Hollywood Vampires album)|Hollywood Vampires]]''<br />{{small|by [[Hollywood Vampires (band)|Hollywood Vampires]]}}<br />
| {{small|Guitar, backing vocals, keyboard & sound design}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Afraid of Ghosts]]''<br />{{small|by [[Butch Walker]]}}<br />
| "21+" {{small|—Guitar}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of people from Kentucky]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Blitz |first1=Michael |last2=Krasniewicz |first2=Louise |year=2007 |title=Johnny Depp: A Biography |location=Westport, Connecticut |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-34300-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cxAxufxMH0QC&pg=PA4 |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080255/https://books.google.com/books?id=cxAxufxMH0QC&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Burton |first1=Tim |last2=Salisbury |first2=Mark |year=2006 |title=Burton on Burton |edition=Second Revised |location=London |publisher=Faber and Faber |isbn=978-0-571-22926-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-GY9R1c_kKgC&pg=PP1 |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520080341/https://books.google.com/books?id=-GY9R1c_kKgC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1= Everett |first1= Anna |editor1-last= Everett |editor1-first= Anna |chapter= Johnny Depp and Keanu Reeves |title= Pretty People: Movie Stars of the 1990s |year= 2012 |publisher= Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-5244-6 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1= Lennard|first1= Dominic |editor1-last= Pomerance |editor1-first= Murray |chapter=Wonder Boys – Matt Damon, Johnny Depp and Robert Downey Jr. |title= Shining in Shadows : Movie Stars of the 2000s |year= 2012 |publisher= Rutgers University Press |isbn= }}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons|Johnny Depp}}<br />
{{wikiquote}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|136}}<br />
* {{Rotten-tomatoes-person|johnny_depp|Johnny Depp}}<br />
* {{Instagram|johnnydepp}}<br />
* {{people.com}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|3238}}<br />
* {{Guardian topic}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/d/johnny_depp}}<br />
* {{Worldcat id|lccn-n92-21949}}<br />
<br />
{{Johnny Depp}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Johnny Depp|Awards for Johnny Depp]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{Disney Legends Awards 2010s}}<br />
{{Empire Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Musical or Comedy}}<br />
{{Honorary César}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the Year}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Performance}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Villain}}<br />
{{People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward MaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{Teen Choice Award Choice Movie Villain}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Depp, Johnny}}<br />
[[Category:1963 births]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American musicians]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American musicians]]<br />
[[Category:American expatriate male actors in France]]<br />
[[Category:American male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male voice actors]]<br />
[[Category:American people of English descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of French descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of German descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent]]<br />
[[Category:American expatriates in Australia]]<br />
[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Film producers from Kentucky]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Vampires (band) members]]<br />
[[Category:Johnny Depp| ]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Florida]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Kentucky]]<br />
[[Category:Male Western (genre) film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Nightclub owners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Owensboro, Kentucky]]<br />
[[Category:People of African-American descent]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Downey_Jr.&diff=138532Robert Downey Jr.2021-08-19T06:38:42Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|American actor (born 1965)}} {{pp-blp|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=May 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Infobox person | name..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|American actor (born 1965)}}<br />
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Robert Downey Jr.<br />
| image = Robert Downey Jr 2014 Comic Con (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Downey in 2014<br />
| birth_name = Robert John Downey Jr.<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|4|4}}<br />
| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.<br />
| education = [[Santa Monica High School]]<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 1970–present<br />
| spouse = {{Plainlist|<br />
* {{marriage|[[Deborah Falconer]]|1992|2004|reason=div}}<br />
* {{marriage|[[Susan Downey|Susan Levin]]|2005}}<br />
}}<br />
| children = 3<br />
| partner = [[Sarah Jessica Parker]] (1984–1991)<br />
| parents = [[Robert Downey Sr.]] (father)<br />
| relatives = [[Jim Downey (comedian)|Jim Downey]] (uncle)<br />
| works = [[Robert Downey Jr. filmography|Full list]]<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Robert Downey Jr.|Full list]]<br />
| signature = Robert Downey Jr.'s signature.svg<br />
}}<br />
'''Robert John Downey Jr.''' (born April 4, 1965)<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Downey Jr. Biography|url=http://www.biography.com/people/robert-downey-jr-9542052#awesm=~oCxqtKtfHvhoGj|publisher=[[The Biography Channel]]|access-date=April 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115153523/http://www.biography.com/people/robert-downey-jr-9542052#awesm=~oCxqtKtfHvhoGj|archive-date=November 15, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> is an American actor. His career has been characterized by critical and popular success in his youth, followed by a period of [[substance abuse]] and legal troubles, before a resurgence of commercial success in middle age. In 2008, Downey was named by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine among the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]],<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2013/07/16/robert-downey-jr-tops-forbes-list-of-hollywoods-highest-paid-actors |title=Robert Downey Jr. Tops Forbes' List of Hollywood's Highest-Paid Actors |work=[[Forbes]] |date=July 16, 2013 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731081424/http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2013/07/16/robert-downey-jr-tops-forbes-list-of-hollywoods-highest-paid-actors/ |archive-date=July 31, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Robehmed>{{cite web|last1=Robehmed|first1=Natalie|title=The World's Highest-Paid Actors 2015: Robert Downey Jr. Leads With $80 Million Haul|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2015/08/04/the-worlds-highest-paid-actors-2015-robert-downey-jr-leads-with-80-million-haul/|website=forbes.com|access-date=August 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813124942/http://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2015/08/04/the-worlds-highest-paid-actors-2015-robert-downey-jr-leads-with-80-million-haul/|archive-date=August 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and from 2013 to 2015, he was listed by ''[[Forbes]]'' as Hollywood's highest-paid actor.<ref name="Forbes"/><ref name=Robehmed /><br />
<br />
At the age of five, he made his acting debut in [[Robert Downey Sr.]]'s film ''[[Pound (film)|Pound]]'' in 1970. He subsequently worked with the [[Brat Pack (actors)|Brat Pack]] in the teen films ''[[Weird Science (film)|Weird Science]]'' (1985) and ''[[Less Than Zero (film)|Less Than Zero]]'' (1987). In 1992, Downey portrayed the [[Charlie Chaplin|title character]] in the biopic ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'', for which he was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actor]] and won a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award]]. Following a stint at the [[California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison, Corcoran|Corcoran Substance Abuse Treatment Facility]] on drug charges, he joined the TV series ''[[Ally McBeal]]'', for which he won a [[58th Golden Globe Awards#Best Supporting Actor - Series, Miniseries or Television Film|Golden Globe Award]]. He was fired from the show in the wake of drug charges in 2000 and 2001. He stayed in a court-ordered drug treatment program and has maintained his sobriety since 2003.<br />
<br />
Initially, bond completion companies would not insure Downey, until [[Mel Gibson]] paid the insurance bond for the 2003 film ''[[The Singing Detective (film)|The Singing Detective]]''.<ref name="gibson">{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,99680,00.html |title=Mel Gibson's New 'Passion' Is Robert Downey Jr. |publisher=Fox News Channel |last=Friedman |first=Roger |date=October 14, 2003 |access-date=May 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424041304/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,99680,00.html |archive-date=April 24, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He went on to star in the black comedy ''[[Kiss Kiss Bang Bang]]'' (2005), the thriller ''[[Zodiac (film)|Zodiac]]'' (2007), and the action comedy ''[[Tropic Thunder]]'' (2008); for the latter he was nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]. Downey gained global recognition for starring as [[Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Tony Stark / Iron Man]] in ten films within the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]], beginning with ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'' (2008). He has also played the [[Sherlock Holmes|title character]] in [[Guy Ritchie]]'s ''[[Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' (2009), which earned him his second Golden Globe, and its sequel, ''[[Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows]]'' (2011).<br />
<br />
==Early life and family==<br />
Downey was born in [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], the younger of two children. His father, [[Robert Downey Sr.]], was an actor and filmmaker, while his mother, Elsie Ann (née Ford), was an actress who appeared in Downey Sr.'s films.<ref>{{cite web|first=Natalie|last=Finn|title=Robert Downey Jr.'s Mother Dies: Read His Moving, Candid Tribute to Elsie Ann Downey|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/583342/robert-downey-jr-s-mother-dies-read-his-moving-candid-tribute-to-elsie-ann-downey|publisher=[[E!]]|access-date=November 5, 2014|date=September 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030135231/http://www.eonline.com/news/583342/robert-downey-jr-s-mother-dies-read-his-moving-candid-tribute-to-elsie-ann-downey|archive-date=October 30, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Downey's father was of half [[History of the Jews in Lithuania|Lithuanian Jewish]], one-quarter [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Hungarian Jewish]], and one-quarter Irish descent,<ref>{{cite web|first=Erik|last=Hedegaard|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/to-hell-and-back-with-robert-downey-jr-20080821|title=To Hell and Back With Robert Downey Jr.|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=August 21, 2008|access-date=May 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013412/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/to-hell-and-back-with-robert-downey-jr-20080821|archive-date=May 9, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Roger|last=Friedman|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/10/14/mel-gibson-new-passion-is-robert-downey-jr.html|title=Mel Gibson's New 'Passion' Is Robert Downey Jr.|work=[[Fox News]]|date=October 14, 2003|access-date=May 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416073147/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/10/14/mel-gibson-new-passion-is-robert-downey-jr.html|archive-date=April 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Kevin|last=West|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/robert-downey-jr|title=Robert Downey, Jr? Call him Mr. Clean|work=[[W (magazine)|W]]|date=March 1, 2007|access-date=May 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184118/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/robert-downey-jr|archive-date=May 10, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Nate|last=Bloom|url=https://www.jweekly.com/2012/04/12/celebrity-jews-maggie-gyllenhaal-barbara-walters-larry-david-ben-stiller-mo/|title=Celebrity Jews: Maggie Gyllenhaal, Barbara Walters, Larry David, Ben Stiller & more|work=[[J. The Jewish News of Northern California]]|date=April 12, 2012|access-date=May 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141838/https://www.jweekly.com/2012/04/12/celebrity-jews-maggie-gyllenhaal-barbara-walters-larry-david-ben-stiller-mo/|archive-date=June 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> while Downey's mother had Scottish, German, and Swiss ancestry.<ref name="hgatesbookref1">{{cite book|last1=Gates|first1=Henry Louis|author-link1=Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|orig-year=First published 2014|chapter=Robert Downey Jr.|title=Finding Your Roots: The Official Companion to the PBS Series|edition=1st|publisher=UNC Press Books|year= 2014|isbn=978-1469618012|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDVcBAAAQBAJ&q=%22The+Ormay+family+gravestones%22&pg=PT187|access-date=March 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215102917/https://books.google.com/books?id=IDVcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT187&dq=%22The+Ormay+family+gravestones%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i14YVb-LOMOuggSFkoCYBw&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAA|archive-date=February 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="times1992">{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jamie |title=Film: Robert Downey Jr. Is Chaplin (on Screen) and a Child (Off) |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2DB1039F933A15751C1A964958260 |work=The New York Times |date=December 20, 1992 |access-date=February 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301180045/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2DB1039F933A15751C1A964958260 |archive-date=March 1, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Stated on ''Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates Jr.'', PBS, April 22, 2012</ref> Robert's original family name was Elias which was changed by his father to enlist in the [[United States Army|Army]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/robert-downey-jr-turns-50-fifty-things-you-should-know-about-him/story-IZwKKn7CRPq4BIdmBN2bTL.html|title=Robert Downey Jr turns 50! Fifty things you should know about him|date=April 4, 2015|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=January 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323062837/https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/robert-downey-jr-turns-50-fifty-things-you-should-know-about-him/story-IZwKKn7CRPq4BIdmBN2bTL.html|archive-date=March 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Downey and his older sister Allyson grew up in [[Greenwich Village]].<ref name="toughest">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/downey/profile.html |title=Actor's toughest role |publisher=CNN |access-date=May 1, 2008 |year=2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129152632/http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/downey/profile.html |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
As a child, Downey was "surrounded by drugs." His father, a drug addict, allowed Downey to use [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] at age six, an incident which his father later said he regretted.<ref name="toughest"/> Downey later stated that drug use became an emotional bond between him and his father: "When my dad and I would do drugs together, it was like him trying to express his love for me in the only way he knew how." Eventually, Downey began spending every night abusing alcohol and "making a thousand phone calls in pursuit of drugs".<ref name="Hitting Bottom">{{cite web|url=https://people.com/archive/hitting-bottom-vol-46-no-8/|title=Hitting Bottom|last=Gliatto|first=Tom|date=August 19, 1996|access-date=January 26, 2011|work=People|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102010030/http://people.com/archive/hitting-bottom-vol-46-no-8/|archive-date=January 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2014/09/robert-downey-jr-talks-about-addiction-and-passing-them-to-his-son|title=Robert Downey Jr. Talks About Addiction and Passing It to His Son|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=September 11, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
During his childhood, Downey had minor roles in his father's films. He made his acting debut at the age of five, playing a sick puppy in the [[Surreal humour|absurdist comedy]] ''[[Pound (film)|Pound]]'' (1970), and then at seven appeared in the [[surrealism|surrealist]] [[Western (genre)|Western]] ''[[Greaser's Palace]]'' (1972).<ref name="times1992" /> At the age of 10, he was living in England and studied [[classical ballet]] as part of a larger curriculum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/story/downey-jr-was-a-ballet-student |title=Robert Downey Jr – Downey Jr was a Ballet Student |publisher=Contact Music |access-date=January 1, 2010 |date=May 22, 2005 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65SvfYohH?url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/downey-jr-was-a-ballet-student |archive-date=February 15, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Downey, Jr. |url=https://offcamera.com/issues/robert-downey-jr/watch/#.W_QuvBNKhXg |website=Off Camera with Sam Jones |access-date=November 20, 2018 |date=February 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120221249/https://offcamera.com/issues/robert-downey-jr/watch/#.W_QuvBNKhXg |archive-date=November 20, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> He attended the [[Stagedoor Manor]] Performing Arts Training Center in upstate New York as a teenager. When his parents divorced in 1978, Downey moved to California with his father, but in 1982, he dropped out of [[Santa Monica High School]], and moved back to New York to pursue an acting career full-time.<ref name="CNN profile">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0208/17/pitn.00.html |title=CNN People in the News&nbsp;– Profile of Robert Downey Jr. |publisher=CNN |access-date=May 2, 2008 |date=August 17, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023015346/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0208/17/pitn.00.html |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Downey and [[Kiefer Sutherland]], who shared the screen in the 1988 drama ''[[1969 (film)|1969]]'', were roommates for three years when he first moved to Hollywood to pursue his career in acting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Room mate |url=http://xfinity.comcast.net/slideshow/entertainment-celebroommates/2/ |access-date=June 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517002602/http://xfinity.comcast.net/slideshow/entertainment-celebroommates/2/ |archive-date=May 17, 2012 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
===1983–1995: Beginnings and critical acclaim===<br />
Downey began building upon theater roles, including in the short-lived off-Broadway musical ''American Passion'' at the Joyce Theater in 1983, produced by [[Norman Lear]]. In 1985, he was part of the new, younger cast hired for ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', but following a year of poor ratings and criticism of the new cast's comedic talents, he and most of the new crew were dropped and replaced.<ref name="CNN profile" /> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine named Downey the worst ''SNL'' cast member in its entire run, stating that the "Downey Fail sums up everything that makes ''SNL'' great."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sheffield |first=Rob |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv/lists/saturday-night-live-all-141-cast-members-ranked-20150211/141-robert-downey-jr-20150211 |title=145. Robert Downey Jr. &#124; 'Saturday Night Live': All 145 Cast Members Ranked |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=February 11, 2015 |access-date=March 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219004334/http://www.rollingstone.com/tv/lists/saturday-night-live-all-141-cast-members-ranked-20150211/141-robert-downey-jr-20150211 |archive-date=February 19, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> That same year, Downey had a dramatic acting breakthrough when he played [[James Spader]]'s character's [[sidekick]] in ''[[Tuff Turf]]'' and then a bully in [[John Hughes (filmmaker)|John Hughes]]'s ''[[Weird Science (film)|Weird Science]]''. He was considered for the role of Duckie in John Hughes's film ''[[Pretty in Pink]]'' (1986),<ref>{{cite DVD notes |title=Pretty in Pink |orig-year=1986 |others=John Hughes |type=Special feature "Zoids and Richies" |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment |asin=B00006JY0R |year=2002}}</ref> but his first lead role was with [[Molly Ringwald]] in ''[[The Pick-up Artist (film)|The Pick-up Artist]]'' (1987). Because of these and other [[Coming-of-age film|coming-of-age]] films Downey did during the 1980s, he is sometimes named as a member of the [[Brat Pack (actors)|Brat Pack]].<ref name="CNN profile" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2002575504_downey23.html |title=Downey riding high on the comeback trail |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |first=David |last=Germain |access-date=May 2, 2008 |date=October 23, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629054425/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2002575504_downey23.html |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1987, Downey played Julian Wells, a drug-addicted rich boy whose life rapidly spirals out of his control, in the film version of the [[Bret Easton Ellis]] novel ''[[Less Than Zero (film)|Less Than Zero]]''. His performance, described by [[Janet Maslin]] in ''The New York Times'' as "desperately moving",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4DA1239F935A35752C1A961948260&sec=&spon= |title=Film: 'Less Than Zero,' Young Lives |work=The New York Times |last=Maslin |first=Janet |access-date=May 2, 2008 |date=November 6, 1987 |author-link=Janet Maslin}}</ref> was widely praised, though Downey has said that for him "the role was like the [[Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come|ghost of Christmas Future]]" since his drug habit resulted in his becoming an "exaggeration of the character" in real life.<ref name="skin deep">{{cite news |url=http://film.guardian.co.uk/interview/interviewpages/0,6737,1080388,00.html |title=More than skin deep |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=November 8, 2003 |first=Jon |last=Wilde |access-date=May 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828193924/http://film.guardian.co.uk/interview/interviewpages/0,6737,1080388,00.html |archive-date=August 28, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Zero'' drove Downey into films with bigger budgets and names, such as ''[[Chances Are (film)|Chances Are]]'' (1989) with [[Cybill Shepherd]] and [[Ryan O'Neal]], ''[[Air America (film)|Air America]]'' (1990) with [[Mel Gibson]], and ''[[Soapdish]]'' (1991) with [[Sally Field]], [[Kevin Kline]], and [[Whoopi Goldberg]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Roger|last=Ebert|title=''Chances Are'' Movie Review & Film Summary|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/chances-are-1989|publisher=Roger Ebert Online|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=March 10, 1989|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709042249/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/chances-are-1989|archive-date=July 9, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Ben|last=Child|title=Robert Downey Jr: Hollywood should forgive Mel Gibson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/oct/17/robert-downey-jr-mel-gibson|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=October 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106021918/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/oct/17/robert-downey-jr-mel-gibson|archive-date=November 6, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Roger|last=Ebert|title=''Soapdish'' Movie Review & Film Summary|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/soapdish-1991|publisher=Roger Ebert Online|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=May 31, 1991|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709004549/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/soapdish-1991|archive-date=July 9, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1992, he starred as [[Charlie Chaplin]] in ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'', a role for which he prepared extensively, learning how to play the violin as well as tennis left-handed. He had a personal coach in order to help him imitate Chaplin's posture, and a way of carrying himself.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE3D91E3EF932A25757C0A965958260 |title=Film: Once Again The Clowning Gets Physical |work=The New York Times |last=Hornaday|first=Anne |access-date=August 1, 2008 |date=April 11, 1993}}</ref> The role garnered Downey an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] at the [[65th Academy Awards|Academy Awards 65th ceremony]], losing to [[Al Pacino]] in ''[[Scent of a Woman (1992 film)|Scent of a Woman]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/blogs/traverstake/2008/03/the-strange-case-of-iron-man-r.php |title=The Strange Case of Iron Man Robert Downey Jr. |work=Rolling Stone |last=Travers |first=Peter |access-date=August 1, 2008 |date=March 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619105209/http://www.rollingstone.com/blogs/traverstake/2008/03/the-strange-case-of-iron-man-r.php |archive-date=June 19, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1993, he appeared in the films ''[[Heart and Souls]]'' with [[Alfre Woodard]] and [[Kyra Sedgwick]] and ''[[Short Cuts]]'' with [[Matthew Modine]] and [[Julianne Moore]], along with a documentary that he wrote about the 1992 presidential campaigns titled ''[[The Last Party (film)|The Last Party]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite web|first=Janet|last=Maslin|title=Heart and Souls (1993) Reviews/Film: A Yuppie Haunted (Really) By Other People's Problems|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE1DF1F38F930A2575BC0A965958260|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=August 13, 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907192823/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE1DF1F38F930A2575BC0A965958260|archive-date=September 7, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Peter|last=Travers|title=Short Cuts {{!}} Movie Review|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/short-cuts-19931003|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=October 3, 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715085201/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/short-cuts-19931003|archive-date=July 15, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Chris|last=Heath|title=Robert Downey Jr: 21 Years Ago|url=https://www.gq.com/entertainment/movies-and-tv/201305/robert-downey-jr-in-1992|work=[[GQ]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714220218/http://www.gq.com/entertainment/movies-and-tv/201305/robert-downey-jr-in-1992|archive-date=July 14, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> He starred in the 1994 films, ''[[Only You (1994 film)|Only You]]'' with [[Marisa Tomei]], and ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'' with [[Woody Harrelson]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Roger|last=Ebert|title=''Only You'' Movie Review & Film Summary|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/only-you-1994|publisher=Roger Ebert Online|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=October 7, 1994|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708231109/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/only-you-1994|archive-date=July 8, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Britt|last=Hayes|title=See the Cast of 'Natural Born Killers' Then and Now|url=https://screencrush.com/natural-born-killers-then-and-now/|publisher=Screen Crush|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717050018/http://screencrush.com/natural-born-killers-then-and-now/|archive-date=July 17, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> He then subsequently appeared in ''[[Restoration (1995 film)|Restoration]]'' (1995), ''[[Richard III (1995 film)|Richard III]]'' (1995), ''[[Two Girls and a Guy]]'' (1997),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/two-girls-and-a-guy-1998|author=Ebert, Roger|title=Two Girls and a Guy|website=RogerEbert.com|publisher=Chicago Sun-Times|date=April 24, 1998|access-date=November 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226102959/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/two-girls-and-a-guy-1998|archive-date=December 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> as Special Agent John Royce in ''[[U.S. Marshals (film)|U.S. Marshals]]'' (1998), and in ''[[Black and White (1999 drama film)|Black and White]]'' (1999).<ref>{{cite web|first=Janet|last=Maslin|title=Restoration (1994) Film Review: The King's Vet, Beard and Cuckolder|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9904EEDC1239F93AA15751C1A963958260|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=December 29, 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716121405/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9904EEDC1239F93AA15751C1A963958260|archive-date=July 16, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ian McKellen's Richard III {{!}} Notes |url=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/richard/notes.htm |publisher=McKellen.com |access-date=July 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430075105/http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/richard/notes.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Downey Jr. Turned Down Heather Graham|url=http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/41729/robert-downey-jr-turned-down-heather-graham|publisher=Entertainment Wise|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=April 15, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714153216/http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/41729/robert-downey-jr-turned-down-heather-graham|archive-date=July 14, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Roger|last=Ebert|title=''Black and White'' Movie Review & Film Summary|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/black-and-white-2000|publisher=Roger Ebert Online|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=April 5, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709003938/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/black-and-white-2000|archive-date=July 9, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===1996–2001: Career troubles===<br />
[[File:Robert Downey Jr.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Downey at the premiere of ''[[Air America (film)|Air America]]'', 1990]]<br />
From 1996 through 2001, Downey was arrested numerous times on charges related to drugs including [[cocaine]], [[heroin]], and marijuana.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,98373,00.html |title=Will Robert Downey Jr.'s Case Spark a Change in Drug Sentencing? |work=Time |last=Reaves |first=Jessica |access-date=May 1, 2008 |date=February 7, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826172534/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,98373,00.html |archive-date=August 26, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> He went through drug treatment programs unsuccessfully, explaining in 1999 to a judge: "It's like I have a shotgun in my mouth, and I've got my finger on the trigger, and I like the taste of the gun metal." He said he had been addicted to drugs since the age of eight, due to the fact that his father, also an addict, had been giving them to him.<ref name="bbc jail">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/413283.stm |title=Addicted Downey Jnr jailed |work=BBC News |access-date=May 1, 2008 |date=August 6, 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330114926/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/413283.stm |archive-date=March 30, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 1996, Downey was arrested for possession of heroin, cocaine, and an unloaded [[.357 Magnum]] handgun while he was speeding down [[Sunset Boulevard]]. A month later, while on parole, he trespassed into a neighbor's home while under the influence of a controlled substance, and fell asleep in one of the beds.<ref name="carrtimes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/movies/20carr.html?_r=1&ref=movies&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin |title=Been Up, Been Down. Now? Super. |work=The New York Times |last=Carr |first=David |access-date=May 1, 2008 |date=April 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525000357/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/movies/20carr.html?_r=1&ref=movies&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1731600-2,00.html |title=Robert Downey Jr.: Back from the Brink |work=Time |last=Winters Keegan |first=Rebecca |access-date=May 1, 2008 |date=April 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118135333/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1731600-2,00.html |archive-date=January 18, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He received three years' probation and was ordered to undergo compulsory drug testing. In 1997, he missed one of the court-ordered drug tests and had to spend six months in the Los Angeles County jail.<ref>{{cite web|first=Robert W.|last=Welkos|title=Actor Robert Downey Jr. Given 6-Month Jail Term|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1997/dec/09/local/me-62196|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=December 9, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714224120/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/dec/09/local/me-62196|archive-date=July 14, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
After Downey missed another required drug test in 1999, he was arrested again. Despite Downey's lawyer, [[Robert Shapiro (lawyer)|Robert Shapiro]], assembling the same team of lawyers that had successfully defended [[O. J. Simpson]] during his [[O. J. Simpson murder case|criminal trial for murder]],<ref name="bbc jail" /> Downey was sentenced to a three-year prison term at the [[California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison]] in [[Corcoran, California]]. At the time of the arrest, all of Downey's film projects had wrapped and were close to release. He had been hired to provide the voice of the devil on the [[NBC]] animated television series ''[[God, the Devil and Bob]]'', but was fired when he failed to attend rehearsals.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117750121.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 |title=Downey gets 3-year prison term for parole violations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |last=Ault |first=Susanne |access-date=August 8, 2008 |date=August 6, 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/375887.stm |title=Downey Jr back in jail |work=BBC News |access-date=August 8, 2008 |date=July 23, 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021108122740/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/375887.stm |archive-date=November 8, 2002 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
After spending nearly a year in the [[California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison, Corcoran|California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison]], Downey, on condition of posting a $5,000 bail, was unexpectedly freed when a judge ruled that his collective time in incarceration facilities (from the initial 1996 arrests) had qualified him for early release.<ref name="toughest"/> A week after his 2000 release, Downey joined the cast of the hit television series ''[[Ally McBeal]]'', playing a new love interest.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/875828.stm |title=Downey Jr lands McBeal role |work=BBC News |access-date=May 1, 2008 |date=August 11, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330113511/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/875828.stm |archive-date=March 30, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was nominated for the [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series]] and won the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,29375,00.html |title=Bada Bing! Sopranos Leads Emmy Pack |publisher=Fox News Channel |access-date=May 1, 2008 |date=July 12, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604005442/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,29375,00.html |archive-date=June 4, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1091051.stm |title=Downey Jr's Golden acting career |work=BBC News |access-date=May 1, 2008 |date=January 22, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330113204/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1091051.stm |archive-date=March 30, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also appeared as a writer and singer on [[Vonda Shepard]]'s ''Ally McBeal: For Once in My Life'' album, and sang with [[Sting (musician)|Sting]] a duet of "[[Every Breath You Take]]" in an episode of the series. Despite the apparent success, Downey claimed that his performance on the series was overrated and said, "It was my lowest point in terms of addictions. At that stage, I didn't give a fuck whether I ever acted again."<ref name="skin deep" /> In January 2001, Downey was scheduled to play the role of [[Prince Hamlet|Hamlet]] in a [[Los Angeles]] stage production directed by [[Mel Gibson]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/935383.stm|title=Gibson Downey Jr becomes Hamlet|work=BBC News|date=September 21, 2000|access-date=June 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115082537/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/935383.stm|archive-date=January 15, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Before the end of his first season on ''Ally McBeal'', over the [[Thanksgiving]] 2000 holiday, Downey was arrested when his room at [[Merv Griffin]]'s Hotel and Givenchy Spa in [[Palm Springs, California]], was searched by the police, who were responding to an anonymous 911 call. Downey was under the influence of a controlled substance and in possession of cocaine and [[Valium]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E0D6113BF934A25754C0A9679C8B63 |title=Boldface Names |last=Baron |first=James|work=The New York Times |access-date=May 1, 2008 |date=July 17, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://ew.com/article/2001/04/24/robert-downey-jr-arrested-la/|title=Robert Downey Jr. arrested in L.A.|last=Angulo|first=Sandra P.|work=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=October 2, 2019|date=April 24, 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020140606/https://ew.com/article/2001/04/24/robert-downey-jr-arrested-la/|archive-date=October 20, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the fact that, if convicted, he would have faced a prison sentence of up to four years and eight months, he signed on to appear in at least eight more ''Ally McBeal'' episodes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1171634.stm |title=Downey Jr signs McBeal deal |work=BBC News |access-date=May 11, 2008 |date=February 15, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330120605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1171634.stm |archive-date=March 30, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2001, while Downey was on parole, a Los Angeles police officer found him wandering barefooted in [[Culver City]]. He was arrested for suspicion of being under the influence of drugs, but was released a few hours later,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,15876,00.html |title=Robert Downey Jr. Fired From Ally McBeal After Another Arrest |agency=Associated Press |publisher=Fox News Channel |access-date=May 11, 2008 |date=April 25, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003025020/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,15876,00.html |archive-date=October 3, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> even though tests showed he had cocaine in his system.<ref name="wired drug">{{cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/news/2001/05/44194 |title=Robert Downey Jr.'s Drug 'Deal' |agency=Reuters |work=[[Wired (website)|Wired]] |access-date=May 11, 2008 |date=May 31, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110195743/http://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/news/2001/05/44194 |archive-date=January 10, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> After this last arrest, ''Ally McBeal'' executives ordered last-minute rewrites and reshoots and fired Downey, despite the fact that Downey's character had resuscitated ''Ally McBeal''{{'}}s ratings.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/18/business/this-season-to-be-last-for-ally-mcbeal.html?scp=1&sq=%20%22This%20Season%20to%20Be%20Last%20for%20%27Ally%20McBeal&st=cse |title=This Season to Be Last for 'Ally McBeal' |last=Carter |first=Bill |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 9, 2010 |date=April 18, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525000609/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/18/business/this-season-to-be-last-for-ally-mcbeal.html?scp=1&sq=%20%22This%20Season%20to%20Be%20Last%20for%20%27Ally%20McBeal&st=cse |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Culver City arrest also cost him a role in the high-profile film ''[[America's Sweethearts]]'',<ref name="wired drug" /> and the subsequent incarceration prompted Gibson to cancel his ''Hamlet'' production. In July 2001, Downey pleaded [[Nolo contendere|no contest]] to the Palm Springs charges, avoiding jail time. Instead, he was sent into drug rehabilitation and received three years of probation, benefiting from [[California Proposition 36 (2000)|California Proposition 36]], which had been passed the year before with the aim of helping nonviolent drug offenders overcome their addictions instead of sending them to jail.<ref name="toughest" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0107/16/se.03.html |title=Robert Downey Jr. to Enter Plea Agreement on Drug Charges |publisher=CNN |access-date=May 11, 2008 |date=July 16, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110111727/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0107/16/se.03.html |archive-date=January 10, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The book ''Conversations with Woody Allen'' reports that director [[Woody Allen]] wanted to cast Downey and [[Winona Ryder]] in his film ''[[Melinda and Melinda]]'' in 2005, but was unable to do so, because he could not get insurance on them, stating, "We couldn't get bonded. The [[completion guarantee|completion bonding]] companies would not bond the picture unless we could insure them. We were heartbroken because I had worked with Winona before [on ''[[Celebrity (film)|Celebrity]]''] and thought she was perfect for this and wanted to work with her again. And I had always wanted to work with Bob Downey and always thought he was a huge talent."<ref name="Conversations With Woody Allen">{{cite book|last1=Lax|first1=Eric|author-link1=Eric Lax|orig-year=First published 2007|chapter=Chapter 1: The Idea|title=Conversations With Woody Allen: His Films, the Movies, and Moviemaking. Updated and expanded.|type=E-book|edition=1st|location=New York|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]]|year= 2009|isbn=978-1400031498|lccn=2009012210|oclc=232980446|ol=23192563M}}</ref><br />
<br />
In a December 18, 2000, article for ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine entitled "Bad to Worse", Downey's stepmother Rosemary told author Alex Tresnlowski that Downey had been diagnosed with [[bipolar disorder]] "a few years ago" and added that this was "the reason he has a hard time staying sober. What hasn't been tried is medication and intensive [[psychotherapy]]".<ref name="BadToWorse">{{cite web|url=https://people.com/archive/cover-story-bad-to-worse-vol-54-no-26/|title=Bad to Worse|last=Tresnlowski|first=Alex|work=People|date=December 18, 2000|access-date=October 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808221202/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-bad-to-worse-vol-54-no-26/|archive-date=August 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same article, Dr. Manijeh Nikakhtar, a Los Angeles psychiatrist and co-author of ''Addiction or Self-Medication: The Truth'', claimed she received a letter from Downey in 1999, during his time at Corcoran II, asking for advice on his condition. She discovered that "no one had done a complete [psychiatric] evaluation [on him] ... I asked him flat out if he thought he was bipolar, and he said, 'Oh yeah. There are times I spend a lot of money and I'm hyperactive, and there are other times I'm down.'"<ref name="BadToWorse" /> In an article for the March 2007 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', Downey stated that he wanted to address "this whole thing about the bipolar" after receiving a phone call from "the Bipolar Association" asking him about being bipolar. When Downey denied he had ever said he was bipolar, the caller quoted the ''People'' article, to which Downey replied, "'No! ''Dr. Malibusian'' said [I said I was bipolar] ... ', and they go, 'Well, it's been written, so we're going to quote it.'"<ref name="EsquireMarch2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.esquire.com/features/ESQ0307downeyjr|title=May God Bless and Keep Robert Downey Jr.|last=Raab|first=Scott|work=Esquire|date=March 2007|access-date=November 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114215426/http://www.esquire.com/features/ESQ0307downeyjr|archive-date=January 14, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Downey flatly denied being "[[Major depressive disorder|depressed]] or [[Hypomania|manic]]" and that previous attempts to diagnose him with any kind of [[Mental disorder|psychiatric]] or [[mood disorder]] have always been skewed because "the guy I was seeing didn't know I was smokin' [[Crack cocaine|crack]] in his bathroom. You can't make a diagnosis until somebody's sober."<ref name="EsquireMarch2007" /><br />
<br />
===2001–2007: Career comeback===<br />
[[File:Robert Downey Jr at Comic Con 2007.jpg|thumb|upright|Downey at the 2007 [[San Diego Comic-Con International]] promoting ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'']]<br />
After five years of substance abuse, arrests, rehab, and relapse, Downey was ready to work toward a full recovery from drugs and return to his career. In discussing his failed attempts to control his addictive behavior in the past, Downey told [[Oprah Winfrey]] in November 2004 that "when someone says, 'I really wonder if maybe I should go to rehab?' Well, uh, you're a wreck, you just lost your job, and your wife left you. Uh, you might want to give it a shot."<ref name="OprahPartTwo">{{YouTube|0_K_3h1KBS8|''The Oprah Winfrey Show''}}, second segment, November 22, 2004. Retrieved March 16, 2013.</ref> He added that after his last arrest in April 2001, when he knew he would likely be facing another stint in prison or another form of incarceration such as court-ordered rehab, "I said, 'You know what? I don't think I can continue doing this.' And I reached out for help, and I ran with it. You can reach out for help in kind of a half-assed way and you'll get it and you won't take advantage of it. It's not that difficult to overcome these seemingly ghastly problems ... what's hard is to decide to do it."<ref name="OprahPartTwo" /><br />
<br />
Downey got his first post-rehabilitation acting job in August 2001, lip-syncing in the video for [[Elton John]]'s single "[[I Want Love]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445963/20010803/john_elton.jhtml |title=Elton John Casts Robert Downey Jr. In His New Video |access-date=May 3, 2008 |last=Schumacher-Rasmussen |first=Eric |date=August 3, 2001 |publisher=MTV News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315085700/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445963/20010803/john_elton.jhtml |archive-date=March 15, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Video director [[Sam Taylor-Wood]] shot 16 takes of the video and used the last one because, according to John, Downey looked completely relaxed and "The way he underplays it is fantastic".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/j/john_elton/news_feature_101201/ |title=Elton John: California Love (Interview) |access-date=May 3, 2008 |last=Rankin |first=Rebecca |publisher=MTV News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726214913/http://www.mtv.com/bands/j/john_elton/news_feature_101201/ |archive-date=July 26, 2008 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Downey was able to return to the big screen after [[Mel Gibson]], who had been a close friend to Downey since both had co-starred in ''Air America'', paid Downey's insurance bond for the 2003 film ''[[The Singing Detective (film)|The Singing Detective]]'' (directed by his ''Back to School'' co-star Keith Gordon).<ref name="gibson"/> Gibson's gamble paved the way for Downey's comeback and Downey returned to mainstream films in the mid-2000s with ''[[Gothika]]'', for which producer [[Joel Silver]] withheld 40% of his salary until after production wrapped as insurance against his addictive behavior. Similar clauses have become standard in his contracts since.<ref name="insurance">{{cite episode |title=Robert Downey Jr. |series=Shootout |series-link=Shootout (TV series) |network=[[AMC (TV network)|AMC]] |airdate=July 14, 2006}}</ref> Silver, who was getting closer to Downey as he dated his assistant [[Susan Downey|Susan Levin]], also got the actor the leading role in the comedy thriller ''[[Kiss Kiss Bang Bang]]'', the directorial debut of screenwriter [[Shane Black]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/lethal-weapon-wunderkind-party-boy-892186|title='Lethal Weapon' Wunderkind (and Former Party Boy) Shane Black Is Back ... and Still Looking for Action|access-date=May 13, 2016|last=Svetkey|first=Benjamin|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 13, 2016|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6mKuUWCRJ?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/lethal-weapon-wunderkind-party-boy-892186|archive-date=November 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
After ''[[Gothika]]'', Downey was cast in a number of leading and supporting roles, including well-received work in a number of semi-independent films: ''[[A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints]]'', ''[[Good Night, and Good Luck]]'', [[Richard Linklater]]'s dystopian, [[rotoscope]]d ''[[A Scanner Darkly (film)|A Scanner Darkly]]'' (in which Downey plays the role of a drug addict), and [[Steven Shainberg]]'s fictional biographical film of [[Diane Arbus]], ''[[Fur (film)|Fur]]'', where Downey's character represented the two biggest influences on Arbus's professional life, [[Lisette Model]] and [[Marvin Israel]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/10/AR2006111000293_pf.html |title=A 'Fur'-Fetched Portrait of Arbus? Precisely! Says the Filmmaker |work=The Washington Post |last=Frey |first=Jennifer |date=November 12, 2006 |access-date=May 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111131919/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/10/AR2006111000293_pf.html |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Downey also received great notice for his roles in more mainstream fare such as ''Kiss Kiss Bang Bang'' and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Disney's]] poorly received ''[[The Shaggy Dog (2006 film)|The Shaggy Dog]]''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mike |last=D'Angelo|title=Actors of the Year |page=7|url=http://www.esquire.com/features/the-screen/greatperformances1207-7|work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=November 20, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103121925/http://www.esquire.com/features/the-screen/greatperformances1207-7|archive-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On November 23, 2004, Downey released his debut musical album, ''[[The Futurist (Robert Downey Jr. album)|The Futurist]]'', on [[Sony Classical]], for which he designed the cover art and designed the track listing label on the CD with his son Indio.<ref name="AlbumCredits">As listed in the credits on the CD version of ''The Futurist''.</ref> The album received mixed reviews,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://media.www.bcheights.com/media/storage/paper144/news/2004/12/09/TheScene/Sound.Byte.Robert.Downey.The.Futurist-825969.shtml |title=Robert Downey Jr. The Futurist |work=[[The Heights (newspaper)|The Heights]] |first=Nicole |last=Pensiero |date=December 9, 2004 |access-date=August 6, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108053050/http://media.www.bcheights.com/media/storage/paper144/news/2004/12/09/TheScene/Sound.Byte.Robert.Downey.The.Futurist-825969.shtml |archive-date=January 8, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://music.msn.com/music/album-review/robert-downey-jr/the-futurist/ |title=The Futurist: Critic's Review |publisher=MSN Music |last=Collar |first=Matt |access-date=August 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616071434/http://music.msn.com/music/album-review/robert-downey-jr/the-futurist/ |archive-date=June 16, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but Downey stated in 2006 that he probably will not do another album, as he felt that the energy he put into doing the album was not compensated.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2006/mar/26/features.magazine37 |title=This Much I Know: Robert Downey Jr |work=The Observer |location=UK |last=Horkins |first=Tony |date=March 26, 2006 |access-date=May 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213142940/http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2006/mar/26/features.magazine37 |archive-date=February 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2006, Downey returned to television when he did [[voice acting]] on ''[[Family Guy]]'' in the episode "[[The Fat Guy Strangler]]". Downey had previously telephoned the show's production staff and asked if he could produce or assist in an episode creation, as his son Indio is a fan of the show. The producers of the show accepted the offer and created the character of [[Pewterschmidt family|Patrick Pewterschmidt]], [[Lois Griffin]]'s long lost, [[Mental disorder|mentally disturbed]] brother, for Downey.<ref name="Sheridan">{{cite AV media |people=Sheridan, Chris|year=2005|title=Family Guy season 4 DVD commentary for the episode 'The Fat Guy Strangler'|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox}}</ref><br />
<br />
Downey signed on with publishers [[HarperCollins]] to write a memoir, which in 2006, was already being billed as a "candid look at the highs and lows of his life and career". In 2008, however, Downey returned his advance to the publishers, and canceled the book without further comment.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/25801610/ns/today-books/ |title=Robert Downey Jr. postpones memoir |publisher=MSNBC |last=Italie |first=Hillel |date=July 30, 2008 |access-date=January 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000959/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/25801610/ns/today-books/ |archive-date=September 26, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2007, Downey appeared in [[David Fincher]]'s mystery thriller ''[[Zodiac (film)|Zodiac]]'', which was based on a true story. He played the role of ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' journalist [[Paul Avery]], who was reporting the [[Zodiac Killer]] case.<ref>{{cite web|first=Paul|last=Harris|title=So Who Was the Zodiac Killer?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/apr/15/usa.world|work=The Guardian|access-date=September 2, 2014|date=April 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710095041/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/apr/15/usa.world|archive-date=July 10, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2008–present: Iron Man, blockbuster films and further success===<br />
[[File:Robert Downey Jr-2008.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Downey promoting ''Iron Man'' in [[Mexico City]] in 2008]]<br />
With all of the critical success Downey had experienced throughout his career, he had not appeared in a [[blockbuster (entertainment)|"blockbuster" film]]. That changed in 2008 when Downey starred in two critically and commercially successful films, ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'' and ''[[Tropic Thunder]]''. In the article [[Ben Stiller]] wrote for Downey's entry in the 2008 edition of ''[[Time 100|The Time 100]]'', he offered an observation on Downey's commercially successful summer at the box office:<br />
<br />
{{quote|Yes, Downey is ''Iron Man'', but he really is Actor Man&nbsp;... In the realm where box office is irrelevant and talent is king, the realm that actually means something, he has always ruled, and finally this summer he gets to have his cake and let us eat him up all the way to the multiplex, where his mastery is in full effect. |Ben Stiller, The 2008 ''Time 100'', entry No. 60, "Robert Downey Jr."<ref name="2008Time100">{{cite news|last=Stiller|first=Ben|title=The 2008 Time 100, entry No. 60, 'Robert Downey Jr.'|work=Time|date=May 11, 2008|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1734629,00.html|access-date=April 17, 2009|author-link=Ben Stiller|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414111704/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1734629,00.html|archive-date=April 14, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
In 2007, Downey was cast as the [[Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|title character]] in the film ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'',<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.marvel.com/news/moviestories.666 |title=Robert Downey Jr. is Iron Man |publisher=Marvel News |date=September 29, 2006 |access-date=September 29, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525093422/http://www.marvel.com/news/moviestories.666 |archive-date=May 25, 2012 }}</ref> with director [[Jon Favreau]] explaining the choice by stating: "Downey wasn't the most obvious choice, but he understood what makes the character tick. He found a lot of his own life experience in 'Tony Stark'."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.list.co.uk/article/8139-robert-downey-jrs-heroic-comeback/ |title=Robert Downey Jr.'s heroic comeback |access-date=May 2, 2008 |last=O'Loughlin |first=Lucy |date=May 2, 2008 |work=[[The List (magazine)|The List]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505064610/http://www.list.co.uk/article/8139-robert-downey-jrs-heroic-comeback/ |archive-date=May 5, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Favreau insisted on having Downey as he repeatedly claimed that Downey would be to ''Iron Man'' what [[Johnny Depp]] is to the [[Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)|''Pirates of the Caribbean'' series]]: a lead actor who could both elevate the quality of the film and increase the public's interest in it.<ref name="carrtimes" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/movies/story/590521.html |title=Jon Favreau rose from obscurity to direct 'Iron Man' |access-date=May 2, 2008 |last=Anderson |first=John |date=April 16, 2008 |publisher=Kansas City.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503101342/http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/movies/story/590521.html |archive-date=May 3, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/04/28/DD5C107O20.DTL&type=movie |title=Indie cred gave 'Iron Man' filmmaker his shot |access-date=May 2, 2008 |last=Hartlaub |first=Peter |date=May 5, 2008 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321083121/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F04%2F28%2FDD5C107O20.DTL&type=movie |archive-date=March 21, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/30/AR2008043003729_pf.html |title=Nerve of Steel |access-date=May 2, 2008 |last=Anderson |first=John |date=May 1, 2008 |work=The Washington Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111131928/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/30/AR2008043003729_pf.html |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> For the role, Downey had to gain more than 20 pounds (9 kilograms) of muscle in five months to look like he "had the power to forge iron".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/movies/361415_downey02.html |title=Robert Downey Jr. has reforged his career in 'Iron Man' |access-date=May 1, 2008 |last=Masuda |first=Sylvia |date=May 2, 2008 |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Iron Man'' was globally released between April 30 and May 3, 2008, grossing over $585&nbsp;million worldwide<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ironman.htm |title=Iron Man (2008) |access-date=June 3, 2013 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531032559/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ironman.htm |archive-date=May 31, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and receiving rave reviews which cited Downey's performance as a highlight of the film.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/01/AR2008050103883.html?nav=rss_print/style |title='Iron Man' Shows Strength of Character |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 2, 2008 |date=May 2, 2008 |first=Ann |last=Hornaday |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111131940/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/01/AR2008050103883.html?nav=rss_print%2Fstyle |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/135033?from=rss |title=Putting the Irony in 'Iron Man' |work=Newsweek |date=May 1, 2008 |access-date=May 2, 2008 |first=David |last=Ansen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506063134/http://www.newsweek.com/id/135033?from=rss |archive-date=May 6, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=trilogy>{{cite news |author=Quint |title=Quint visits the Iron Man production offices! Art! Favreau speaks about sequels (?!?), casting and more!!! |publisher=[[Ain't It Cool News]] |date=February 9, 2007 |url=https://www.aintitcool.com/node/31525 |access-date=February 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212045133/http://www.aintitcool.com/node/31525 |archive-date=February 12, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> By October 2008, Downey had agreed to appear as Iron Man in two ''Iron Man'' sequels, as part of the [[Iron Man franchise]], as well as ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'', featuring the superhero team that Stark joins, based on Marvel's comic book series ''[[The Avengers (comics)|The Avengers]]''.<ref>{{cite news |first=Marc |last=Graser |title=Downey Jr. extends Marvel deal, Actor to star in 'Avengers,' 'Iron Man 3' |work=Variety |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117994793.html?categoryid=10&cs=1 |access-date=October 28, 2008 |date=October 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101031720/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117994793.html?categoryid=10&cs=1 |archive-date=November 1, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> He first reprised the role in a small appearance as Iron Man's alter ego Tony Stark in the 2008 film ''[[The Incredible Hulk (film)|The Incredible Hulk]]'', as a part of [[Marvel Studios]]' depicting the same [[Marvel Cinematic Universe|Marvel Universe]] on film by providing continuity among the movies.<ref>{{cite news |first=Larry |last=Carroll |title=William Hurt Says New Hulk Is More Heroic, Reveals Iron Man Crossover Scene |publisher=MTV News |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1579965/20080115/story.jhtml |access-date=April 22, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123032855/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1579965/20080115/story.jhtml |archive-date=January 23, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
After ''Iron Man'', Downey appeared alongside Ben Stiller and [[Jack Black]] in the Stiller-directed ''[[Tropic Thunder]]''. The three actors play a Hollywood archetype{{snd}}with Downey playing self-absorbed multi-Oscar-winning [[Australian nationality law|Australian]] method actor Kirk Lazarus{{snd}}as they star in an extremely expensive [[Vietnam War|Vietnam-era]] film called ''Tropic Thunder''. Lazarus undergoes a "controversial skin pigmentation procedure" in order to take on the role of [[African Americans|African-American]] platoon sergeant Lincoln Osiris, which required Downey to wear dark makeup and a wig. Both Stiller and Downey feared Downey's portrayal of the character could become controversial:<br />
<br />
{{quote|Stiller says that he and Downey always stayed focused on the fact that they were skewering insufferable actors, not African Americans. "I was trying to push it as far as you can within reality", Stiller explains. "I had no idea how people would respond to it". Stiller screened a rough cut of the film [in March 2008] and it scored high with African Americans. He was relieved at the reaction. "It seems people really embrace it", he said.<ref name=ew>{{cite news |first=Adam B. |last=Vary |title=First Look: Stiller's new movie |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=March 5, 2008 |url=https://ew.com/article/2008/03/09/first-look-stillers-new-movie/ |access-date=October 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111015309/https://ew.com/article/2008/03/09/first-look-stillers-new-movie/ |archive-date=November 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
When asked by Harry Smith on CBS's ''The Early Show'' who his model was for Lazarus, Downey laughed before responding, "Sadly, my sorry-ass self."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EU_vi6QgeY|title=Robert Downey Jr. on 'Thunder'|publisher=CBS|date=August 18, 2008|access-date=August 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802065746/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EU_vi6QgeY|archive-date=August 2, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Released in the United States on August 13, 2008, ''Tropic Thunder'' received good reviews with 83% of reviews positive and an average normalized score of 71, according to the review aggregator websites [[Rotten Tomatoes]] and [[Metacritic]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropic Thunder (2008)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tropic_thunder/|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617105502/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tropic_thunder/|archive-date=June 17, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tropic Thunder Reviews|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/tropic-thunder|publisher=Meta Critic|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117110415/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/tropic-thunder|archive-date=January 17, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It earned US$26&nbsp;million in its North American opening weekend and retained the number one position for its first three weekends of release. The film grossed $180&nbsp;million in theaters before its release on home video on November 18, 2008. Downey was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for his portrayal of Lazarus.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners|url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/81st-winners.html|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101405/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/81st-winners.html|archive-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:McAdamsDowneyJrSherlockHolmesCCJuly09.jpg|thumb|Downey with [[Rachel McAdams]] at the 2009 [[San Diego Comic-Con International]]]]<br />
Opening in late April 2009 was a film Downey finished in mid-2008, ''[[The Soloist]]''. The film was delayed from a November 2008 release by [[Paramount Pictures]] due to the studio's tight end-of-year release schedule.<ref name=TheSoloist>{{cite web |url=http://themovingpicture.net/the-soloist-delayed-until-march-2009 |title=The Soloist Delayed Until March 2009 |publisher=The Moving Picture |access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101609/http://themovingpicture.net/the-soloist-delayed-until-march-2009 |archive-date=July 24, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Critics who had seen the film in 2008 were mentioning it as a possible [[Academy Award]] candidate.<ref>{{cite web|title=2 high-wire performances that pandered to the academy but didn't even get a nomination.|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/the_oscars/2010/03/look_at_me_im_acting_here.html|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|access-date=May 12, 2014|first=Eric|last=Hynes|date=March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221608/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/the_oscars/2010/03/look_at_me_im_acting_here.html|archive-date=December 2, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Downey picked up an Academy Award nomination for the 2008 release year for his role in ''Tropic Thunder''.<ref>{{cite news |first=Todd |last=Leopold |title='Button' hooks 13 Oscar nominations |publisher=CNN |date=January 22, 2009 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/01/22/oscar.nominations/index.html |access-date=January 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123021901/http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/01/22/oscar.nominations/index.html |archive-date=January 23, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The first role Downey accepted after ''Iron Man'' was the [[Sherlock Holmes|title character]] in Guy Ritchie's ''[[Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)|Sherlock Holmes]]''. [[Warner Bros.]] released it on December 25, 2009.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jacques |last=Steinberg |title=Robert Downey Jr. to Play Sherlock Holmes' |work=The New York Times |date=June 11, 2008 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/11/arts/11arts-ROBERTDOWNEY_BRF.html?ref=arts |access-date=August 1, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311022341/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/11/arts/11arts-ROBERTDOWNEY_BRF.html?ref=arts |archive-date=March 11, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film set several box office records in the United States for a Christmas Day release, beating the previous record-holder, 2008's ''[[Marley & Me (film)|Marley & Me]]'', by nearly $10M, and finished second to ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' in a record-setting Christmas weekend box office. ''Sherlock Holmes'' ended up being the [[2009 in film#Highest-grossing films|8th highest-grossing film of 2009]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Grady|last=Smith|date=December 27, 2009|url=http://blog.theboxofficejunkie.com/2009/12/weekend-fix-avatar-and-sherlock-lead.html|title=Avatar, Sherlock Lead The Largest Weekend in Film History! Top 12 Earned $275 Million!|work=The Box Office Junkie|quote=The Top 12 grossed an astonishing $264&nbsp;million over the weekend frame – the largest weekend in film history|access-date=January 31, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231011638/http://blog.theboxofficejunkie.com/2009/12/weekend-fix-avatar-and-sherlock-lead.html|archive-date=December 31, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2009&wknd=52&p=.htm|title=December 25–27, 2009&nbsp;– Weekend Studio Estimates|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=January 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203153102/http://boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2009&wknd=52&p=.htm|archive-date=February 3, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> When Downey won the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy from the Hollywood Foreign Press Association for his role as Sherlock Holmes, he noted in his acceptance speech that he had prepared no remarks because "[[Susan Downey]] (his wife and ''Sherlock Holmes'' producer) told me that [[Matt Damon]] (nominated for his role in ''[[The Informant!]]'') was going to win so don't bother preparing a speech".<ref>{{cite AV media|title=Avengers Star Robert Downey Jr Wins Best Actor Motion Picture Musical or Comedy – Golden Globes 2010|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7f1PiHi9Uc|publisher=Dick Clark Productions|quote=First of all, I'd like to thank Susan Downey for telling me that Matt Damon was going to win so don't bother preparing a speech. That was at about 10&nbsp;am.|date=August 19, 2010|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524160649/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7f1PiHi9Uc|archive-date=May 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Sherlock Holmes figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Waxwork of Downey (as [[Sherlock Holmes]]) on display at [[Madame Tussauds London]]]]<br />
Downey returned as Tony Stark in the first of two planned sequels to ''Iron Man'', ''[[Iron Man 2]]'', which released in May 2010. ''Iron Man 2'' grossed over $623M worldwide, becoming the [[2010 in film#Highest-grossing films|7th highest-grossing film of 2010]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2010&p=.htm|title=2010 Worldwide Grosses|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=August 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222004148/http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2010&p=.htm|archive-date=February 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Downey's other commercial film release of 2010 was the comedy [[road movie|road film]], ''[[Due Date]]''. The movie, co-starring [[Zach Galifianakis]], was released in November 2010<ref>[http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2009/07/27/iron-man-robert-downey-jr-joins-zack-galifianakis-in-the-todd-phillips-comedy-due-date 'Iron Man' Robert Downey Jr. Joins Zack Galifianakis In The Todd Phillips Comedy 'Due Date'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409161755/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2009/07/27/iron-man-robert-downey-jr-joins-zack-galifianakis-in-the-todd-phillips-comedy-due-date |date=April 9, 2012 }}. [[MTV]]. Retrieved December 11, 2010.</ref> and grossed over $211M worldwide, making it the 36th highest-grossing movie of 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2010&p=.htm|title=2010 Yearly Box Office Results|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=December 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222004148/http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2010&p=.htm|archive-date=February 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Downey's sole 2011 film credit was the sequel to the 2009 version of ''[[Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)|Sherlock Holmes]]'', ''[[Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows]]'', which opened worldwide on December 16, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|first=Christina|last=Radish|title=Robert Downey Jr. 'Sherlock Holmes: A game of Shadows' Interview|url=https://collider.com/robert-downey-jr-interview-sherlock-holmes-2/|website=Collider|access-date=July 10, 2014|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714224043/http://collider.com/robert-downey-jr-interview-sherlock-holmes-2/|archive-date=July 14, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2012, Downey reprised the role of Tony Stark in ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]''. The film received positive reviews<ref>{{cite web |title=Marvel's The Avengers (2012) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=August 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826153317/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers/ |archive-date=August 26, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was highly successful at the box office, becoming the third highest-grossing film of all time both in the United States and worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-avengers-number-three-332331|title=Box Office Milestone: 'The Avengers' Becomes No. 3 Pic of All Time With $1.331 Billion|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Pamela|last=McClintock|date=June 2, 2012|access-date=August 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815033436/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-avengers-number-three-332331|archive-date=August 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> His film, the [[David Dobkin (director)|David Dobkin]]-directed dramedy ''[[The Judge (2014 film)|The Judge]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|title='Gossip Girl' Star Leighton Meester Joins Robert Downey Jr. in 'The Judge'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gossip-girl-star-leighton-meester-432915|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=April 16, 2013|date=April 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501231150/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gossip-girl-star-leighton-meester-432915|archive-date=May 1, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> a project co-produced by his production company [[Team Downey]], was the opening film at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=''#TIFF14 Opens With David Dobkin's The Judge''|url=http://www.tiff.net/whats-on/news-events/tiff14-david-dobkins-the-judge|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001855/http://www.tiff.net/whats-on/news-events/tiff14-david-dobkins-the-judge|archive-date=September 11, 2014}}</ref> Downey played Tony Stark again in ''[[Iron Man 3]]'' (2013),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2010/10/20/iron-man-3-villains/|title=''Iron Man 3'' Has A Release Date, But What About A Villain?|date=October 20, 2010|access-date=December 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105050349/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2010/10/20/iron-man-3-villains/|archive-date=November 5, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' (2015), ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' (2016), ''[[Spider-Man: Homecoming]]'' (2017),<ref name="Downey">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/robert-downey-jr-joins-spider-885829 |title=Robert Downey Jr. Joins 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' |last=Kit |first=Borys |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=April 21, 2016 |access-date=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421180921/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/robert-downey-jr-joins-spider-885829 |archive-date=April 21, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' (2018), ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019)<ref name="DowneyClarify">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/robert-downey-jr-joins-spider-885829 |title=Robert Downey Jr. Joins 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' |last=Kit |first=Borys |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=April 21, 2016 |access-date=April 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421180921/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/robert-downey-jr-joins-spider-885829 |archive-date=April 21, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> and three of his scenes from the first Avengers and ''Avengers: Endgame'' also appear in the first episode of ''[[Loki (TV series)|Loki]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-09|title='Loki' Director Kate Herron on Shooting New 'Avengers: Endgame'-Era Footage|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/loki-avengers-endgame-marvel-disney-1234965274/|access-date=2021-06-10|website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref><br />
<br />
Downey hosted ''[[The Age of A.I.]]'', a YouTube documentary series released in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/12/the-age-of-a-i-robert-downey-jr-hosts-youtube-documentary-series-watch-the-trailer-1202807411/|title='The Age Of A.I.': Robert Downey Jr. Hosts YouTube Documentary Series – Watch The Trailer|last1=Pedersen|first1=Erik|date=December 12, 2019|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=January 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231191546/https://deadline.com/2019/12/the-age-of-a-i-robert-downey-jr-hosts-youtube-documentary-series-watch-the-trailer-1202807411/|archive-date=December 31, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, he starred in [[Dolittle (film)|''Dolittle'']], playing the [[Doctor Dolittle|titular character]], depicted in the film as a 19th-century Welsh veterinarian who can communicate with animals. This was the second film from Team Downey. It was a [[Box-office bomb|box office disappointment]], and received negative reviews from critics, who called it "too long [and] lifeless."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/bad-boys-for-life-dolittle-1917-weekend-box-office-1202833726/|title='Bad Boys For Life' So Good With $68M+; 'Dolittle' Still A Dud With $30M+ – Box Office Update|last1=D'Alessandro|first1=Anthony|date=January 18, 2020|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=January 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120213703/https://deadline.com/2020/01/bad-boys-for-life-dolittle-1917-weekend-box-office-1202833726/|archive-date=January 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Upcoming projects===<br />
Downey will appear in the [[Sports film|sports]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film ''[[All-Star Weekend (film)|All-Star Weekend]]'', directed by [[Jamie Foxx]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/rambling-reporter/jamie-foxx-lebron-james-steph-curry-rivalry-directorial-debut-1130991|title=Jamie Foxx on Directorial Debut, LeBron-Curry Rivalry|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 6, 2018|language=en|access-date=January 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806191339/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/rambling-reporter/jamie-foxx-lebron-james-steph-curry-rivalry-directorial-debut-1130991|archive-date=August 6, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He will reprise his role as Holmes in a third film, scheduled for release on December 22, 2021 but it is put on hold indefinitely according to director [[Dexter Fletcher]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/sherlock-holmes-3-release-date-warner-bros-robert-downey-jr-jude-law-1202569424/|title='Sherlock Holmes 3' Moved Back By A Year To Christmas 2021|last=Pedersen|first=Erik|date=March 4, 2019|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|publisher=[[Penske Business Media]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305071633/https://deadline.com/2019/03/sherlock-holmes-3-release-date-warner-bros-robert-downey-jr-jude-law-1202569424/|archive-date=March 5, 2019|access-date=January 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/sherlock-holmes-3-movie-status-update-dexter-fletcher/|title=Sherlock Holmes 3 Is On Hold Despite 2021 Release Date|last= El Gafy|first=Fareid|date=October 20, 2020|website=[[Screenrant]]|language=en|access-date=July 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103130157/https://screenrant.com/sherlock-holmes-3-movie-status-update-dexter-fletcher/|archive-date= November 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On July 15, 2021, it was announced that Downey would co-star in the television adaptation of novelist [[Viet Thanh Nguyen]]’s novel, ''[[The Sympathizer]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/hbo-a24-partner-viet-thanh-nguyens-the-sympathizer-robert-downey-jr-1234793468/|title=Robert Downey Jr. To Co-Star In Drama Series Adaptation Of Viet Thanh Nguyen's 'The Sympathizer' For HBO And A24; Park Chan-wook Directing|last= Kroll|first=Justin|date=July 15, 2021|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en|access-date=July 15, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other ventures==<br />
<br />
===Music===<br />
Downey has sung on several soundtracks for his films, including for ''Chaplin'', ''[[Too Much Sun]]'', ''[[Two Girls and a Guy]]'', ''[[Friends & Lovers (film)|Friends and Lovers]]'', ''[[The Singing Detective (film)|The Singing Detective]]'', and ''Kiss Kiss Bang Bang''. In 2001, he appeared in the music video for [[Elton John]]'s song, "[[I Want Love]]." He released a CD in 2004 called ''[[The Futurist (Robert Downey Jr. album)|The Futurist]]'', and while promoting his film ''[[Tropic Thunder]]'', he and his co-stars [[Ben Stiller]] and [[Jack Black]] were back-up singers "The Pips" to [[Gladys Knight]] singing "[[Midnight Train to Georgia]]".<ref>{{cite web|first=Christian |last=Schaeffer|title=Hump Day Slow Jam of the Week: Gladys Knight & the Pips, "Midnight Train to Georgia"|url=http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/rftmusic/2009/02/hump_day_slow_jam_of_the_week_15.php|work=[[River Front Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=February 11, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714123758/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/rftmusic/2009/02/hump_day_slow_jam_of_the_week_15.php|archive-date=July 14, 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Downey's most commercially successful recording venture to date (combining sales and radio airplay) has been his remake of the 1973 [[Joni Mitchell]] Christmas song "[[River (Joni Mitchell song)|River]]", which was included on the ''Ally McBeal'' tie-in album ''Ally McBeal: A Very Ally Christmas'', released in 2000; Downey's character Larry Paul performs the song in the ''Ally McBeal'' episode "Tis the Season".<ref name="RDJRiver">{{YouTube|rbiutiptei0|excerpt from "Tis the Season"}}. Retrieved March 6, 2013.</ref><br />
<br />
===Production company===<br />
On June 14, 2010, Downey and his wife Susan opened their own production company called [[Team Downey]]. Their first project was ''[[The Judge (2014 film)|The Judge]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefilmstage.com/2010/06/15/downey-jr-launches-production-company-lines-up-steve-mcqueens-yucatan/|title=Downey Jr. Launches Production Company, Lines Up Steve Mcqueen Yucatan|work=The Film Stage|access-date=June 14, 2010|date=June 14, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619153033/http://thefilmstage.com/2010/06/15/downey-jr-launches-production-company-lines-up-steve-mcqueens-yucatan/|archive-date=June 19, 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
<br />
===Relationships and family===<br />
Downey started dating actress [[Sarah Jessica Parker]] in 1984 after meeting her on the set of ''[[Firstborn (1984 film)|Firstborn]]''. The couple later separated in 1991 due to his [[Substance dependence|drug addiction]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/4490720a5620.html |title=Drugs ruined my relationships, Downey says |work=[[Stuff.co.nz]] |date=April 22, 2008 |access-date=May 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424114351/http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/4490720a5620.html |archive-date=April 24, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
He married actress and singer [[Deborah Falconer]] on May 29, 1992, after a 42-day courtship.<ref name="Biography" /> Their son, Indio Falconer Downey, was born in September 1993.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Downey Jr. Biography|url=http://www.people.com/people/robert_downey_jr/biography/|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|quote=On September 7, 1993, the couple welcomes a son, Indio.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829073159/http://www.people.com/people/robert_downey_jr/biography/|archive-date=August 29, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The strain on their marriage from Downey's repeated trips to rehab and jail finally reached a breaking point; in 2001, in the midst of Downey's last arrest and sentencing to an extended stay in rehab, Falconer left Downey and took their son with her.<ref name="Biography">"Robert Downey Jr." episode of ''Biography'', 2007; viewed August 29, 2008.</ref> Downey and Falconer finalized their divorce on April 26, 2004.<br />
<br />
[[File:Robert Downey Jr. and Susan Downey @ 2010 Academy Awards.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Downey and his wife [[Susan Downey|Susan]] at the 2010 Academy Awards]]<br />
In 2003, Downey met producer [[Susan Downey|Susan Levin]], an Executive Vice President of Production at [[Joel Silver]]'s film company, [[Silver Pictures]] on the set of ''[[Gothika]]''.<ref name="gibson" /> Though Susan twice turned down his amorous advances, she and Downey did quietly strike up a romance during production.<ref name="Oprah3">{{YouTube|oaKhn9VrAjw|The Oprah Winfrey Show}}, third segment, November 22, 2004. Retrieved March 23, 2009.</ref> Despite Susan's worries that the romance would not last after the completion of shooting because "he's an actor; I have a real job",<ref name="Oprah3" /> the couple's relationship continued after production wrapped on ''Gothika'', and Downey proposed to Susan on the night before her thirtieth birthday.<ref name="Oprah3" /> In August 2005, the couple were married, in a [[Judaism|Jewish]] ceremony, at [[Amagansett, New York]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Katy|last=Hall|url=https://people.com/celebrity/robert-downey-jr-marries-girlfriend/|title=Robert Downey Jr. Marries Girlfriend|date=August 27, 2005|access-date=October 2, 2019|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507203843/https://people.com/celebrity/robert-downey-jr-marries-girlfriend/|archive-date=May 7, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Honie|last=Stevens|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/no-joke-actors-saved-by-love/story-e6frewt9-1111117213508|title=No joke: actors saved by love|access-date=January 23, 2009|date=August 17, 2008|publisher=NEWS.com.au}}</ref> A [[tattoo]] on one of his biceps reads "Suzie Q" in tribute to her.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://downeyunlimited.com/press/0newsweek03.htm|title=A Second Chance: Robert Downey Jr Interview|last=Barrett |first=Jennifer|magazine=Newsweek|date=November 15, 2003|access-date=November 2, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728082311/http://downeyunlimited.com/press/0newsweek03.htm|archive-date=July 28, 2013}}</ref> The Downeys’ first child, a son named Exton Elias, was born in February 2012,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/parents/robert-downey-jr-welcomes-son-exton-elias/|title=Robert Downey Jr. Welcomes Son Exton Elias|work=People |access-date=October 2, 2019}}</ref> and their second, a daughter named Avri Roel, was born in November 2014.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Yo. Susan. Me. Baby. Girl. November. Scorpio?|number=486969251559768064|first=Robert|last=Downey Jr|user=RobertDowneyJr|date=July 9, 2014|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Um. I don't know if it's a "man's world", but I'm certain women run it. Susan and I are therefore delighted to announce we are expecting a baby. Girl. November. rdj|url=https://www.facebook.com/robertdowneyjr/posts/315758295259309|publisher=Robert Downey Jr's Verified Facebook|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=July 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127133244/https://www.facebook.com/robertdowneyjr/posts/315758295259309|archive-date=January 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Elizabeth|last=Leonard|title=Robert Downey Jr. Welcomes Daughter Avri Roel|url=https://people.com/parents/robert-downey-jr-welcomes-daughter-avri-roel/|work=People|access-date=October 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106002224/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2014/11/05/robert-downey-jr-wife-susan-baby-girl/?xid=socialflow_facebook_peoplemag|archive-date=November 6, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Downey has been a close friend of [[Mel Gibson]] since they starred in ''Air America''. Downey defended Gibson during the controversy surrounding ''[[The Passion of the Christ]]'', and said "nobody's perfect" in reference to [[Mel Gibson DUI incident|Gibson's DUI]].<ref>[http://www.hollywoodgrind.com/2007/02/07/robert-downey-jr-stands-by-mel-gibson/ Robert Downey Jr. Stands by Mel Gibson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927154510/http://www.hollywoodgrind.com/2007/02/07/robert-downey-jr-stands-by-mel-gibson/ |date=September 27, 2007 }} February 7, 2007</ref> Gibson said of Downey: "He was one of the first people to call and offer the hand of friendship. He just said, 'Hey, welcome to the club. Let's go see what we can do to work on ourselves.'"<ref name="W">{{Cite book |title=Robert Downey Jr.? Call Him Mister Clean |first=Kevin |last=West |work=[[W (magazine)|W]] |date=March 2007 |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/2007/03/robert_downey_jr?currentPage=1 |access-date=February 19, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718072725/http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/2007/03/robert_downey_jr?currentPage=1 |archive-date=July 18, 2011 }}</ref> In October 2011, Downey was being honored at the 25th American Cinematheque Awards; Downey chose Gibson to present him with his award for his life's work and used his air time to say a few kind words about Gibson and explain why he chose him to present the award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/10666801-robert-downey-jr-stands-up-for-mel-gibson|access-date=June 20, 2013|title=Robert Downey Jr. Stands Up for Mel Gibson|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020085851/http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/10666801-robert-downey-jr-stands-up-for-mel-gibson|archive-date=October 20, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Sobriety===<br />
Downey says he has been drug-free since July 2003,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/movies/20carr.html?_r=2&pagewanted=2&8dpc&oref=slogin |title=With 'Iron Man,' Robert Downey Jr. Winks at his Past and Looks to Transcend it |work=The New York Times |date=April 20, 2008 |access-date=September 6, 2008 |first=David |last=Carr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516010350/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/movies/20carr.html?_r=2&pagewanted=2&8dpc&oref=slogin |archive-date=May 16, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and credited his wife with helping him overcome his drug and alcohol habits, along with his family, therapy, [[Buddhist meditation|meditation]], [[Twelve-step program|twelve-step recovery programs]], [[yoga]], and the practice of [[Wing Chun]] [[kung fu]],<ref name="skin deep" /> the martial art he learned from [[Eric Oram]], who is also a fight consultant in several of Downey's movies.<ref name="mf">{{cite web|url=http://www.mensfitness.com/life/entertainment/robert-downey-jr-he-was-skinny|title=Robert Downey Jr.: "He Was Skinny"|date=December 16, 2011|access-date=July 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710142818/http://www.mensfitness.com/life/entertainment/robert-downey-jr-he-was-skinny|archive-date=July 10, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="mensjournal.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/robert-downey-jr-s-cosmic-punishment-20121017|title=Robert Downey Jr.'s Cosmic Punishment|access-date=July 9, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630073010/http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/robert-downey-jr-s-cosmic-punishment-20121017|archive-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref> Oram was Downey's personal fight coordinator in ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref name="Burlingam">{{cite web|url=https://comicbook.com/amp/2015/10/03/robert-downey-jr-s-fight-coordinator-eric-oram-on-the-unique-cha/?client=ms-android-optus-au|title=Robert Downey Jr.'s Fight Coordinator Eric Oram on the Unique Challenges of Captain America: Civil War|publisher=Comic Book|first=Russ|last=Burlingam|date=March 10, 2015|access-date=December 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131024/http://comicbook.com/amp/2015/10/03/robert-downey-jr-s-fight-coordinator-eric-oram-on-the-unique-cha/?client=ms-android-optus-au|archive-date=December 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2015, Downey received a full and unconditional pardon from [[Governor of California]] [[Jerry Brown]] for his prior drug convictions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-robert-downey-jr-pardon-20151224-story.html|title=Gov. Jerry Brown pardons Robert Downey Jr. for 1990s drug offenses|work=The Los Angeles Times|first=Paige|last=St. John|date=December 24, 2015|access-date=December 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224215701/http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-robert-downey-jr-pardon-20151224-story.html|archive-date=December 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ca.gov/archive/gov39/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/12.24.15_Attested_Pardons.pdf |title=Pardon : Brian Keith Allison |website=Gov.ca.gov |access-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327203259/https://www.ca.gov/archive/gov39/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/12.24.15_Attested_Pardons.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Oram wrote a letter in support of Downey's pardon to Governor Brown.<ref name="Priyadarshi">{{cite news|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/2656739/robert-downey-jr-beat-drug-addiction-with-kung-fu|title=Robert Downey Jr beat drug addiction with kung fu|work=Inquisitr|first=Mohit|last=Priyadarshi|date=December 25, 2015|access-date=December 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305112014/http://www.inquisitr.com/2656739/robert-downey-jr-beat-drug-addiction-with-kung-fu/|archive-date=March 5, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> When asked why he was able to make his sobriety stick this time on ''[[The Oprah Winfrey Show]]'', Downey said, "It’s really not that difficult to overcome these seemingly ghastly problems. What’s hard is to decide to do it.”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winfrey |first1=Oprah |title=The Comeback Kid |url=http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/the-comeback-kid/all |newspaper=oprah.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Religious beliefs===<br />
Downey has described his religious beliefs as "[[Jewish Buddhist]]",<ref name="JewishBuddhist">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/21/arts/music/21devr.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1 |work=The New York Times |title=Robert Downey Jr.: The Album |date=November 21, 2004 |access-date=May 22, 2010 |first=Hilary |last=De Vries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422151731/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/21/arts/music/21devr.html?_r=1&pagewanted=2 |archive-date=April 22, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and he is reported to have consulted [[astrology|astrologers]].<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Celebs-seek-guidance-from-the-stars/articleshow/12731100.cms|title=Celebs seek guidance from the stars|work=The Times of India|first=Anjali|last=Muthanna|date=April 20, 2012|access-date=February 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109083231/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Celebs-seek-guidance-from-the-stars/articleshow/12731100.cms|archive-date=January 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In the past, Downey has been interested in Christianity and the [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]] movement.<ref name="JewishBuddhist" /><br />
<br />
===Political views===<br />
In a 2008 interview, Downey stated that his time in prison changed his political point of view somewhat, saying: "I have a really interesting political point of view, and it's not always something I say too loud at dinner tables here, but you can't go from a $2,000-a-night suite at La Mirage to a penitentiary and really understand it and come out a [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]]. You can't. I wouldn't wish that experience on anyone else, but it was very, very, very educational for me and has informed my proclivities and politics ever since."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/movies/20carr.html?_r=3&pagewanted=2&8dpc&oref=slogin |work=The New York Times |title=Been Up, Been Down. Now? Super. |first=David |last=Carr |date=April 20, 2008 |access-date=April 10, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209223025/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/movies/20carr.html?_r=3&pagewanted=2&8dpc&oref=slogin |archive-date=December 9, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, when asked about the quote in a 2015 interview to promote ''Avengers: Age of Ultron'', he denied that his previous statement reflected any longstanding beliefs on his part, and stated: "I wouldn't say that I'm a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] or a liberal or a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]."<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Downey Jr full interview: star walks out when asked about past |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALBwaO-rAsE&t=246 |publisher=Channel 4 News |date=April 22, 2015 |access-date=September 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626185818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALBwaO-rAsE&t=246 |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Downey serves on the board of the [[Anti-Recidivism Coalition]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Mara |last=O'Hara |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/20/scott-budnick-hollywood-producer-prison-reform |title=Scott Budnick, Hollywood blockbuster producer, gave it all up to reform prisons |work=The Guardian |date=June 20, 2015 |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919050414/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/20/scott-budnick-hollywood-producer-prison-reform |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2020, during the promotions of his film ''[[Dolittle (film)|Dolittle]]'', Downey announced that he had made the decision to adopt a vegan diet, in response to the debate about the climate crisis, stating that "I'm a one-man carbon footprint nightmare colossus"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pritchett|first=Liam|date=January 20, 2020|title=Robert Downey Jr. Goes Vegan|url=https://www.livekindly.co/robert-downey-jr-vegan/|access-date=June 19, 2020|website=LiveKindly|language=en-GB}}</ref> and believes he can do his part to contribute. Downey previously announced his opening of The Footprint Coalition, an organization he launched to reduce carbon footprints around the world using advanced technology.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Robert Downey Jr. Wants to Use Robotics and AI to Clean up the Earth|url=https://www.greenmatters.com/p/robert-downey-jr-footprint-coalition|access-date=June 19, 2020|website=Green Matters|language=en}}</ref> The Footprint Coalition promotes technologies that protect the environment such as French insect-farming startup Ynsect,<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 6, 2020|title=Insect-farming startup Ÿnsect extends Series C funding to $372m|url=https://sifted.eu/articles/ynsect-robert-downey-jr/|access-date=February 23, 2021|website=Sifted|language=en-US}}</ref> the bio-based alternative to plastic manufacturer RWDC,<ref>{{Cite web|title=RWDC|url=https://www.footprintcoalition.com/rwdc|access-date=February 23, 2021|website=Footprint Coalition|language=en}}</ref> and bamboo toilet paper manufacturer Cloud Paper.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cloud Paper|url=https://www.footprintcoalition.com/cloud-paper-1|access-date=February 23, 2021|website=Footprint Coalition|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=October 6, 2020|title=Insect Farm Lures Robert Downey Jr. in $224 Million Fundraising|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-06/insect-farm-lures-robert-downey-jr-in-224-million-fundraising|access-date=February 23, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography and awards==<br />
{{main|Robert Downey Jr. filmography|List of awards and nominations received by Robert Downey Jr.}}<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
<br />
===Studio album===<br />
* ''[[The Futurist (Robert Downey Jr. album)|The Futurist]]'' (2004)<br />
<br />
===Soundtrack appearances===<br />
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" |Year<br />
! scope="col" |Song<br />
! scope="col" |Soundtrack<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |1992<br />
|"[[Smile (Charlie Chaplin song)|Smile]]"<br />
|''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]] OST''<br />
|On ''[[The Futurist (Robert Downey Jr. album)|The Futurist]]''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |1993<br />
|"{{sortname|The|Star-Spangled Banner}}"<br />
|''[[Heart and Souls]] OST''<br />
|With [[B.B. King]]<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2000<br />
|"[[White Christmas (song)|White Christmas]]"<br />
|''[[Ally McBeal]]: A Very Ally Christmas''<br />
|With [[Vonda Shepard]]<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2000<br />
|"[[River (Joni Mitchell song)|River]]"<br />
|''Ally McBeal: A Very Ally Christmas''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2001<br />
|"[[Every Breath You Take]]"<br />
|''Ally McBeal: For Once in My Life featuring Vonda Shepard''<br />
|With [[Sting (musician)|Sting]]<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2001<br />
|"Chances Are"<br />
|''Ally McBeal: For Once in My Life featuring Vonda Shepard''<br />
|With Vonda Shepard<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2001<br />
|"Snakes"<br />
|''Ally McBeal: For Once in My Life featuring Vonda Shepard''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2003<br />
|"In My Dreams"<br />
|''[[The Singing Detective (film)|The Singing Detective]] OST''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2005<br />
|"Broken"<br />
|''[[Kiss Kiss Bang Bang]] OST''<br />
|On ''The Futurist''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Robert Downey, Jr.}}<br />
{{Wikiquote|Robert Downey Jr.}}<br />
* {{Twitter|RobertDowneyJr|Robert Downey Jr.}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|375}}<br />
* [http://www.latimesmagazine.com/2009/12/robert-downey-jrthe-games-afoot.html Robert Downey Jr. Interview: The Game's Afoot] at Los Angeles Times Magazine<br />
* [http://www.reviewgraveyard.com/00_interviews/09-02-03_robert-downey-j.htm Robert Downey, Jr interview] at www.reviewgraveyard.com<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Robert Downey Jr.|Awards for Robert Downey Jr.]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actor 1980-1999}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Disney Legends Awards 2010s}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActorMotionPictureMusicalComedy 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeSupportingActorTV 1990-2009}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Man of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the Year}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Hero}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Fight}}<br />
{{People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor}}<br />
{{Saturn Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward MaleTVComedy 1994-2009}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Downey, Robert Jr.}}<br />
[[Category:1965 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:American Buddhists]]<br />
[[Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:American male child actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male video game actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male voice actors]]<br />
[[Category:American people convicted of drug offenses]]<br />
[[Category:American people of German descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Scottish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Swiss descent]]<br />
[[Category:American prisoners and detainees]]<br />
[[Category:American Wing Chun practitioners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actor BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Film producers from California]]<br />
[[Category:Film producers from New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:Jewish American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Los Angeles County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from New York City]]<br />
[[Category:New York (state) Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Greenwich Village]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup winners]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Holland&diff=138531Tom Holland2021-08-19T06:36:36Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|English actor}} {{distinguish|Tom Hollander}} {{Other people}} {{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}} {{Use British English|date=July 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|English actor}}<br />
{{distinguish|Tom Hollander}}<br />
{{Other people}}<br />
{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Tom Holland<br />
| image = Tom Holland MTV 2018 (02).jpg<br />
| caption = Holland in 2018<br />
| birth_name = Thomas Stanley Holland<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|6|1}}<br />
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| nationality = <!-- "English" not required here, as it is indicated by his country of birth (England) --><br />
| education = {{ubl|[[Wimbledon College]]|[[BRIT School|BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology]]}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 2006–present<br />
| father = [[Dominic Holland]]<br />
| mother = Nicola Frost<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Thomas Stanley Holland''' (born 1 June 1996)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tom Holland biography and filmography {{!}} Tom Holland movies|url=https://www.tribute.ca/people/tom-holland/42348/|access-date=7 July 2021|website=Tribute|language=en-US}}</ref> is an English actor. A graduate of the [[BRIT School|BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology]] in [[London]], he began his acting career on [[London stage]] in the title role of ''[[Billy Elliot the Musical]]'' in the [[West End theatre]] from 2008 to 2010. He then starred in the disaster film ''[[The Impossible (2012 film)|The Impossible]]'' (2012), for which he received a [[London Film Critics Circle Awards 2012#Young British Performer of the Year|London Film Critics Circle Award for Young British Performer of the Year]].<br />
<br />
Holland achieved [[Breakthrough role|international fame]] for portraying [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Spider-Man]] in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] superhero films ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' (2016), ''[[Spider-Man: Homecoming]]'' (2017), ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' (2018), ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019), ''[[Spider-Man: Far From Home]]'' (2019) and the upcoming ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' (2021). In [[70th British Academy Film Awards|2017]], 20-year-old Holland won the [[BAFTA Rising Star Award]], as the second-youngest recipient at the time.<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
[[File:britoutside.jpg|thumb|200px|Tom Holland attended [[BRIT School|the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology]] in London]]<br />
Thomas Stanley Holland<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Holland: Who is the new Spider-Man? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-33248311 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=24 March 2021 |date=23 June 2015}}</ref> was born on 1 June 1996 in the London borough of [[Kingston upon Thames]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Famous birthdays for 1 June: Tom Holland, Heidi Klum|work=UPI|date=1 June 2018|access-date=31 May 2020|url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2018/06/01/Famous-birthdays-for-June-1-Tom-Holland-Heidi-Klum/5931527819297/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVH6-WKNM |title=Person Details for Thomas Stanley Holland, "England and Wales Birth Registration Index, 1837-2008" — FamilySearch.org |work=familysearch.org |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614094150/https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVH6-WKNM |archive-date=14 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> to Nicola Holland ({{nee|Frost}}), a photographer, and [[Dominic Holland]], a comedian and author.<ref name=est>[https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/meet-tom-holland-the-16yearold-star-of-the-impossible-8427023.html "Meet Tom Holland... the 16-year-old star of The Impossible"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701125828/http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/meet-tom-holland-the-16yearold-star-of-the-impossible-8427023.html |date=1 July 2015 }}, standard.co.uk, 20 December 2012.</ref><ref name=sct>[http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/film/schoolboy-actor-tom-holland-finds-himself-in-oscar-contention-for-role-in-tsunami-drama-1-2702253 "Schoolboy actor Tom Holland finds himself in Oscar contention for role in tsunami drama"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525223124/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/film/schoolboy-actor-tom-holland-finds-himself-in-oscar-contention-for-role-in-tsunami-drama-1-2702253 |date=25 May 2013 }}, ''The Scotsman'', 21 December 2012.</ref> He has three younger brothers.<ref name=est/><ref name=bww>[http://westend.broadwayworld.com/article/Holland-and-Pflueger-Are-West-Ends-Two-New-Billy-Elliots-20080828 "Holland and Pflueger Are West End's Two New 'Billy Elliots'"], BroadwayWorld.com, 28 August 2008.</ref><br />
<br />
Holland was educated at [[Donhead]], a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] preparatory school in [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] in South West London,<ref>[http://www.donhead.org.uk/assos_oldboysnews/Tom_Holland_to_play_Billy_Elliott.php "Tom Holland to play Billy Elliot"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723065115/http://www.donhead.org.uk/assos_oldboysnews/Tom_Holland_to_play_Billy_Elliott.php |date=23 July 2010 }}, donhead.org.uk; accessed 22 September 2014.</ref> followed by [[Wimbledon College]], a [[Voluntary aided school|voluntary aided]] Jesuit Roman Catholic comprehensive school (also in Wimbledon), up until December 2012. He was bullied in school for being a dancer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people.com/movies/spider-man-homecoming-tom-holland-talks-being-bullied |title=Spider-Man Homecoming Tom Holland Talks Being Bullied |access-date=19 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716071102/http://people.com/movies/spider-man-homecoming-tom-holland-talks-being-bullied/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> After Wimbledon College, he attended the [[BRIT School|BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology]] in [[Croydon]].<ref name=sct/> In his late teens, during a lull in his career, Holland briefly attended carpentry school in [[Cardiff]], Wales.<ref>{{Citation|title=How Tom Holland Drunkenly Saved Spider-Man|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-NPFORuPCw|language=en|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205223443/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-NPFORuPCw|archive-date=5 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting career==<br />
===2006–2010: Career beginnings and ''Billy Elliot the Musical'' ===<br />
[[File:Tom Holland Billy Elliot 2010 2b.jpg|thumb|180px|Holland (centre) performing at the fifth anniversary of ''[[Billy Elliot the Musical]]'' at the [[Victoria Palace Theatre]], London on 31 March 2010]]<br />
<br />
Holland began dancing at a [[Hip-hop dance|hip hop]] class at Nifty Feet Dance School in [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]]. He danced with his school group at the 2006 Richmond Dance Festival, where he was spotted by choreographer Lynne Page, an associate to [[Peter Darling]], choreographer of ''[[Billy Elliot]]'' and ''[[Billy Elliot the Musical]]''.<ref>[http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/3632880.New_Billy_Elliot_leaving_the_garage "New Billy Elliot leaving the garage"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415201048/http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/3632880.New_Billy_Elliot_leaving_the_garage/ |date=15 April 2009 }}, ichmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk, 31 August 2008.</ref><br />
<br />
After eight auditions and two subsequent years of training,<ref>Holland at {{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-omDVx5IEl4|title=Billy Elliot the Musical - Tom Holland - Billy|work=[[West End Theatre]]|date= 27 August 2009|access-date= 13 October 2020|medium=www.youtube.com|time=00:40|quote=It took me about two, two and a half years to actually get onto the stage.}}</ref> on 28 June 2008, Holland made his [[West End theatre|West End]] debut in ''Billy Elliot the Musical'' as Michael Caffrey, Billy's best friend.<ref>{{cite av media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-omDVx5IEl4 |title=Billy Elliot the Musical - Tom Holland - Billy |date=27 August 2009 |work=YouTube |access-date=9 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926222512/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-omDVx5IEl4 |archive-date=26 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He gave his first performance in the title role on 8 September 2008, receiving positive notices.<ref name="bww"/><ref>[http://valchess.livejournal.com/118653.html "A Tale of four Billys: Tom Holland"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109234543/http://valchess.livejournal.com/118653.html |date=9 January 2016 }}, valchess.livejournal.com, 28 August 2008.</ref> Holland first learned gymnastics during his time performing in the musical.<ref name="TomHollandGQ">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRK6fAiMQM4|title=Tom Holland Goes Undercover on Reddit, YouTube and Twitter <nowiki>|</nowiki> GQ|date=3 September 2019|type=YouTube|language=en|publisher=[[GQ]]|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905021845/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRK6fAiMQM4|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2008, Holland (together with co-star Tanner Pflueger) gave his first TV interview, on the news programme on channel [[Five (TV channel)|FIVE]]. The following 31 January, he was on the premiere of the [[ITV1]] show ''The Feel Good Factor,''<ref>[http://www.tvthrong.co.uk/tag/the-feel-good-factor "The Feel Good Factor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410140907/http://www.tvthrong.co.uk/tag/the-feel-good-factor |date=10 April 2018 }}, tvthrong.co.uk; accessed 22 September 2014.</ref> during which he performed a version of "Angry Dance" from ''Billy Elliot the Musical'', along with Pflueger and [[Layton Williams]], two other actors who were playing the title role, and was interviewed by host [[Myleene Klass]]. For the final ''The Feel Good Factor'' on 28 March 2009, he trained five British schoolboys for a dance routine.<ref>[http://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/4177255.Schoolboys_dance_for_The_Feelgood_Factor/ "Thames Christian College schoolboys join Myleene Klass for The Feelgood Factor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410072315/http://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/4177255.Schoolboys_dance_for_The_Feelgood_Factor/ |date=10 April 2018 }}, www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk, 5 March 2009.</ref><br />
<br />
On 8 March 2010, to mark the fifth anniversary of ''Billy Elliot the Musical'', Holland and three other current Billy Elliots were invited to [[10 Downing Street]] to meet [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Gordon Brown]].<ref>[http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/27460/government-launches-600-000-arts "Government launches £600,000 arts bursaries pilot"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611123724/http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/27460/government-launches-600-000-arts |date=11 June 2011 }}, thestage.co.uk, 8 March 2010.</ref><ref>[http://westend.broadwayworld.com/article/Photo_Flash_BILLY_ELLIOTS_Chapman_Holland_Gardner_JacksonKeen_Visit_Downing_Street_20100308 "BILLY's Chapman, Holland, Gardner & Jackson-Keen Visit Prime Minister"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209193903/http://westend.broadwayworld.com/article/Photo_Flash_BILLY_ELLIOTS_Chapman_Holland_Gardner_JacksonKeen_Visit_Downing_Street_20100308 |date=9 December 2010 }}, BroadwayWorld.com, 8 March 2010</ref> Holland was chosen to be a lead at the fifth-anniversary show on 31 March 2010.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8598634.stm "Elton John 'blown away' by Billy Elliot fifth birthday" (video with John's interview and fragments of Holland's performance)], BBC News, 1 April 2010.</ref> He rotated with three other performers in the title role of ''Billy Elliot the Musical'' until 29 May 2010.<ref>[http://www.newsonstage.co.uk/index.php/hop/latest/1/9442 "Being Billy Elliot"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120909135449/http://www.newsonstage.co.uk/index.php/hop/latest/1/9442|date=9 September 2012}}, NewsOnStage.co.uk, 29 March 2010.</ref><br />
<br />
===2011–2014: Breakthrough===<br />
<br />
In 2011, Holland was cast in the British dub of the animated fantasy film ''[[Arrietty]]'', produced by Japan's [[Studio Ghibli]]. He provided a voice for the principal character Sho.<ref>[http://www.firstnews.co.uk/discover/first-news-interviews-arriettys-tom-holland-i779 "First News interviews Arrietty's Tom Holland"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130420214537/http://www.firstnews.co.uk/discover/first-news-interviews-arriettys-tom-holland-i779 |date=20 April 2013 }} First News, 5 August 2011</ref> Holland made his feature film debut in ''[[The Impossible (2012 film)|The Impossible]]'' (2012), directed by [[Juan Antonio Bayona|J.A. Bayona]], alongside [[Naomi Watts]] and [[Ewan McGregor]]. The film premiered at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] on 9 September 2012 and was a critical and commercial success, earning $180.3 million worldwide. Holland received universal praise from critics and won several awards, including the [[National Board of Review Award for Breakthrough Performance]] and [[London Film Critics Circle Awards 2012#Young British Performer of the Year|London Film Critics Circle Award for Young British Performer of the Year]].<ref name="criticscircle.org.uk">{{cite web |title=33rd Critics' Circle Film Awards winners |url=http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/film/?ID=318&PID=4 |access-date=3 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110121007/http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/film/?ID=318&PID=4 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National Board of Review Current Awards |url=http://www.nbrmp.org/awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612165922/http://nbrmp.org/awards/ |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
He starred as Isaac in the drama film ''[[How I Live Now (film)|How I Live Now]]'', which was released in the UK on 4 October 2013, co-starring [[Saoirse Ronan]]. Holland also lent his voice in a supporting role for the drama film [[Locke (film)|''Locke'']] (2013), starring [[Tom Hardy]] and made a brief appearance in ''[[Billy Elliot the Musical Live]]'' (2014) to celebrate his role as a 'former Billy'.<br />
<br />
===2015–present: Worldwide recognition and Marvel Cinematic Universe===<br />
<br />
In 2015, Holland appeared in four episodes of [[BBC Two]]'s historical miniseries ''[[Wolf Hall (miniseries)|Wolf Hall]]'', as [[Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell|Gregory Cromwell]], son of the protagonist [[Thomas Cromwell]] played by [[Mark Rylance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3556920|title=Wolf Hall|access-date=20 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716191301/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3556920/|archive-date=16 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He also co-starred as [[Thomas Nickerson]] in the film ''[[In the Heart of the Sea (film)|In the Heart of the Sea]]'' (2015), directed by [[Ron Howard]].<ref>[https://www.deadline.com/2013/04/ron-howard-in-the-heart-of-the-sea-tom-holland-moby-dick "Ron Howard Whaling Tale 'In The Heart Of The Sea' Casts Tom Holland"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104103816/http://www.deadline.com/2013/04/ron-howard-in-the-heart-of-the-sea-tom-holland-moby-dick/ |date=4 November 2013 }}, Deadline.com, 10 April 2013.</ref><br />
<br />
On 23 June 2015, it was announced that Holland was cast as a teenage [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]],<ref name="Marvel.com">{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/24758/sony_pictures_and_marvel_studios_find_their_spider-man_star_and_director |title=Sony Pictures and Marvel Studios Find Their 'Spider-Man' Star and Director |work=Marvel.com |date=23 June 2015 |access-date=23 June 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZWEoSWCY?url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/24758/sony_pictures_and_marvel_studios_find_their_spider-man_star_and_director |archive-date=24 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> and his "life was flipped upside down", as he later tweeted,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://comicbook.com/marvel/2017/06/25/tom-holland-reflects-on-being-cast-as-spider-man |title=Tom Holland Reflects On Being Cast As Spider-Man |website=Marvel |access-date=14 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808064451/http://comicbook.com/marvel/2017/06/25/tom-holland-reflects-on-being-cast-as-spider-man |archive-date=8 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> as part of a six-picture deal with [[Marvel Studios]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wegotthiscovered.com/movies/tom-holland-movie-left-marvel-studios-contract/|title=Tom Holland Only Has One Movie Left On His Marvel Studios Contract|last=Campbell|first=Scott|date=5 July 2019|website=We Got This Covered|language=en-US|access-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031105757/https://wegotthiscovered.com/movies/tom-holland-movie-left-marvel-studios-contract/|archive-date=31 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> As part of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU), he first appeared as Spider-Man in ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' (2016).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/spider-man-finds-tom-holland-794761 |title='Spider-Man' Finds Tom Holland to Star as New Web-Slinger |last1=Kit |first1=Borys |last2=Siegel |first2=Tatiana |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=23 June 2015 |access-date=23 June 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZWEGg3hI?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/spider-man-finds-tom-holland-794761 |archive-date=24 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was a massive critical and commercial success, grossing over $1.1 billion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film of 2016,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=marvel2016.htm |title=Captain America: Civil War (2016) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=4 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728155019/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=marvel2016.htm |archive-date=28 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> with Holland receiving critical praise.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chang |first=Justin |date=13 April 2016 |title=Film Review: 'Captain America: Civil War' |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/captain-america-civil-war-review-1201752643/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=14 April 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6glgjZvmC?url=http://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/captain-america-civil-war-review-1201752643/ |archive-date=14 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Roeper |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Roeper |date=2 May 2016 |title='Captain America: Civil War' review: Choose your own avenger |url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment/captain-america-civil-war-review-choose-your-own-avenger/ |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=4 May 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6hFkfgBg5?url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment/captain-america-civil-war-review-choose-your-own-avenger/ |archive-date=4 May 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
[[File:Tom Holland by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Holland at the 2016 [[San Diego Comic-Con International]]]]<br />
In 2016, he played Bradley Baker in the film ''[[Edge of Winter (film)|Edge of Winter]]'', where he co-starred with [[Joel Kinnaman]] and [[Percy Hynes White]]. In 2017, Holland co-starred alongside [[Charlie Hunnam]] in the drama film ''[[The Lost City of Z (film)|The Lost City of Z]]'', directed by [[James Gray (film director)|James Gray]], and released in April, to positive critical reception.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lost-city-of-z |title=The Lost City of Z reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=20 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421054538/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lost-city-of-z |archive-date=21 April 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Holland also performed as the on-set stand-in for the character of The Monster as he would reunite with director J.A. Bayona in the film [[A Monster Calls (film)|''A Monster Calls'']] (2016). Actor Liam Neeson provided the voice for the character, while Holland was credited with a special thanks.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schwerdtfeger|first=Conner|title=The Strange Role Spider-Man Star Tom Holland Plays in 'A Monster Calls'|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1559479/the-strange-role-spider-man-star-tom-holland-plays-in-a-monster-calls|access-date=24 September 2016|work=Cinemablend|date=24 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925143100/http://www.cinemablend.com/news/1559479/the-strange-role-spider-man-star-tom-holland-plays-in-a-monster-calls|archive-date=25 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2017, the 20-year-old Holland won the [[BAFTA Rising Star Award]] at the [[70th British Academy Film Awards]], becoming the second-youngest winner of the award, after British actress [[Bukky Bakray]], who won it at 19.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 January 2017|title=EE British Academy Film Awards Winners in 2017|url=https://www.bafta.org/film/film-awards-winners-2017|access-date=3 April 2021|website=www.bafta.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=9 March 2021|title=2021 EE British Academy Film Awards: The Winners|url=https://www.bafta.org/film/awards/2021-nominations-winners|access-date=6 June 2021|website=www.bafta.org|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
He later co-starred alongside [[Richard Armitage (actor)|Richard Armitage]] and [[Jon Bernthal]] in the film ''[[Pilgrimage (2017 film)|Pilgrimage]]''. The film premiered on 23 April 2017 at the [[Tribeca Film Festival]], in its "Viewpoint" sections. Also that year, Holland played [[Samuel Insull]] alongside ''Avengers'' co-star [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] in [[Alfonso Gomez-Rejon]]'s ''[[The Current War]]'', which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/mary-magdalene-release-date-current-war-wind-river-premieres-1202046002/ |title='Mary Magdalene', 'Current War' & 'Wind River' Get 2017 Release Dates From Weinstein |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |first=Patrick |last=Hipes |date=17 March 2017 |access-date=17 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318084739/http://deadline.com/2017/03/mary-magdalene-release-date-current-war-wind-river-premieres-1202046002/ |archive-date=18 March 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Early reviews of ''The Current War'' were mixed, but Holland's performance received praise. In May 2017, Holland appeared with [[Zendaya]] on [[Paramount Network]]'s ''[[Lip Sync Battle]],'' during which he performed a dance number to [[Rihanna]]'s "[[Umbrella (song)|Umbrella]]".<ref name="usatoday">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2017/05/10/tom-holland-rihanna-performance-on-lip-sync-battle-umbrella/101503174/|title=This Tom Holland 'Lip Sync Battle' performance is downright incredible|work=[[USA Today]]|last=Lawler|first=Kelly|date=10 May 2017|access-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215212311/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2017/05/10/tom-holland-rihanna-performance-on-lip-sync-battle-umbrella/101503174/|archive-date=15 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
July 2017 brought the release of ''[[Spider-Man: Homecoming]]'', in which Holland reprised his role from ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''. ''Homecoming'' received positive reviews and Holland considerable praise, with his performance called "a star performance given by a born actor."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/peter-travers-spider-man-homecoming-really-is-amazing-w489822 |title='Spider-Man: Homecoming' Review: New Reboot of Marvel Webslinger Really Is Amazing |last=Travers |first=Peter |date=29 June 2017 |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=17 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716122338/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/peter-travers-spider-man-homecoming-really-is-amazing-w489822 |archive-date=16 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film grossed over $800 million worldwide. His performance earned Holland a ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' listing as the youngest actor to play a title role in the MCU.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guinness World Records 2018|publisher=Guinness World Records|date=29 August 2017|edition=2018|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqQoDwAAQBAJ&q=guinness+world+records+2018%2C+%22tom+holland%22&pg=PP11|isbn=9781912286188}}</ref><br />
<br />
Holland reprised Spider-Man in ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'', released on 27 April 2018, and then in that film's follow-up, ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'', released on 26 April 2019. He began shooting the sequel ''[[Spider-Man: Far From Home]]'' in July 2018, with production wrapping that October. The film was released worldwide on 2 July 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/spider-man-far-from-home-release-date/|title=Spider-Man: Far From Home Release Date Moves Up 3 Days|website=[[Screen Rant]]|last=Schaefer|first=Sandy|date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417185047/https://screenrant.com/spider-man-far-from-home-release-date/|archive-date=17 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The trailer was first shown at Sony's CCXP Brazil panel on 8 December 2018, with Holland and [[Jake Gyllenhaal]], who portrays [[Mysterio]], in attendance to promote the film.<br />
<br />
Holland next co-starred with [[Will Smith]] in the [[Blue Sky Studios]] animated film ''[[Spies in Disguise]]'', voicing the film's leads, which was released in December 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/will-smith-tom-holland-will-star-fox-animation-spies-disguise-1047143 |title=Will Smith, Tom Holland to Star in Fox Animation's 'Spies in Disguise' |work=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=10 October 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009200543/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/will-smith-tom-holland-will-star-fox-animation-spies-disguise-1047143 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, Holland voiced Jip, a dog, in the live-action film ''[[Dolittle (film)|Dolittle]]'', alongside his MCU co-star [[Robert Downey Jr.]]. He then had the lead voice role of Ian Lightfoot, an [[elf]], opposite ''Avengers'' co-star [[Chris Pratt]], in the [[Pixar]] animated film ''[[Onward (film)|Onward]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/12/onward-pixar-movie-chris-pratt-tom-holland-julia-louis-dreyfus-octavia-spencer-cast-1202518598/|title=Pixar's 'Onward' To Star Chris Pratt, Tom Holland, Julia Louis-Dreyfus & Octavia Spencer|website=Deadline|last=Hipes|first=Patrick|date=12 December 2018|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212221000/https://deadline.com/2018/12/onward-pixar-movie-chris-pratt-tom-holland-julia-louis-dreyfus-octavia-spencer-cast-1202518598/|archive-date=12 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Holland next starred in ''[[The Devil All the Time (film)|The Devil All the Time]]'', a psychological thriller set post-[[World War II]], alongside his ''Avengers'' co-star [[Sebastian Stan]]. The film, released in September 2020, was directed by [[Antonio Campos (director)|Antonio Campos]] and produced by Gyllenhaal.<br />
<br />
Holland headlined ''[[Chaos Walking (film)|Chaos Walking]]'', an adaptation of [[Patrick Ness]]'s best-selling science fiction series [[Chaos Walking|of the same name]] alongside [[Daisy Ridley]]. He plays [[Todd Hewitt]]. The film was directed by [[Doug Liman]] and is distributed by [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]]. After poor test screenings, he returned for reshoots,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://collider.com/chaos-walking-reshoots-tom-holland-daisy-ridley/|title=Tom Holland, Daisy Ridley Movie 'Chaos Walking' to Undergo Major Reshoots|last=Sneider|first=Jeff|date=24 April 2019|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/doug-liman-chaos-walking-reshoots-budget-1202127344/|title=Doug Liman's $100M 'Chaos Walking' Undergoes Reshoots After First Cut Deemed 'Unreleasable' — Report|last=Erbland|first=Kate|date=23 April 2019|website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> and the film was released on 5 March 2021.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://deadline.com/2020/12/chaos-walking-postpone-release-date-lionsgate-tom-holland-daisy-ridley-1234658254/| title=Lionsgate Pushes Tom Holland-Daisy Ridley Sci-Fi YA Pic 'Chaos Walking' To March |last1=Evans |first1=Greg |last2=D'Alessandro |first2=Anthony |work=Deadline |date=17 December 2020 |access-date=17 December 2020}}</ref> In March 2019, it was confirmed that Holland was cast as the [[Nico Walker|lead role]] in ''[[Cherry (2021 film)|Cherry]]'', based on the [[Cherry (novel)|novel of the same name]], reteaming him with his ''Avengers'' directors, the [[Russo brothers]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=11 March 2019|title=Tom Holland Reteams With Russo Brothers for 'Cherry' (EXCLUSIVE)|work=Variety|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/tom-holland-cherry-russo-brothers-1203159067/|url-status=live|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313093134/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/tom-holland-cherry-russo-brothers-1203159067/|archive-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> ''Cherry'' was released in theatres on 26 February 2021 and digitally on [[Apple TV+]] on 12 March 2021.<br />
<br />
====Upcoming projects and unrealised work====<br />
In October 2020, Holland worked on ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'', which wrapped filming at the end of March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/holland-spider-man-3-filming-wrap-2021/|title=Tom Holland Claims Spiser-Man 3 Filming Will Wrap in Early 2021|date=17 July 2020|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Perrie |first=Stewart |date=14 October 2020 |title=Spider-Man 3 Has Started Filming |url=https://www.ladbible.com/entertainment/latest-spider-man-3-has-started-filming-20201014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015100132/https://www.ladbible.com/entertainment/latest-spider-man-3-has-started-filming-20201014 |archive-date=15 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=[[LADbible]]}}</ref> Additionally, in May 2017, it was announced that he had been cast as a young [[Nathan Drake (Uncharted)|Nathan Drake]] in the 2022 [[Uncharted (film)|film adaptation]] of [[Naughty Dog]]'s [[Uncharted|''Uncharted'' video game series]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/tom-holland-uncharted-nathan-drake-movie-spider-man-homecoming-shawn-levy-1202099530/ |title='Uncharted' Reconfigured: 'Spider-Man Homecoming's Tom Holland To Play Young Nathan Drake For Shawn Levy |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=22 May 2017 |access-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024145234/http://deadline.com/2017/05/tom-holland-uncharted-nathan-drake-movie-spider-man-homecoming-shawn-levy-1202099530/ |archive-date=24 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began on 16 March 2020, shooting in [[Berlin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/uncharted-movie-filming-delay-tom-holland-updates/|title='Uncharted' Movie Shut Down On Tom Holland's First Day Of Shooting|last=Al-Ghamdi|first=Adbullah|work=Screen Rant|date=1 April 2020|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401221551/https://screenrant.com/uncharted-movie-filming-delay-tom-holland-updates/|archive-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> which wrapped in October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bishop |first=Rollin |date=29 October 2020 |title='Uncharted' Movie Officially Wraps Filming |url=https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/uncharted-movie-wrap-tom-holland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029144038/https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/uncharted-movie-wrap-tom-holland/ |archive-date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=Comicbook.com}}</ref> He is also cast as the lead role in the adaptation of ''Beneath the Scarlet Sky'' with [[Amy Pascal]] production company producing.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/beneath-a-scarlet-sky/267045/tom-holland-to-star-in-wwii-spy-movie-beneath-a-scarlet-sky |title=Tom Holland to Star in WWII Spy Movie Beneath a Scarlet Sky |work=Den of Geek |access-date=10 October 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010160853/http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/beneath-a-scarlet-sky/267045/tom-holland-to-star-in-wwii-spy-movie-beneath-a-scarlet-sky |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2016, Holland was cast in ''[[The Modern Ocean]]'', an experimental epic from writer-director [[Shane Carruth]]. Holland called it "the best script I’ve ever read".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://collider.com/tom-holland-the-modern-ocean-current-war-interview/|title=Tom Holland Says Shane Carruth's 'The Modern Ocean' Is the Best Script He's Ever Read|last=Chitwood|first=Adam|date=11 April 2017|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> The project has encountered development problems, with Holland set for a supporting role alongside an ensemble cast with [[Keanu Reeves]], [[Daniel Radcliffe]], [[Anne Hathaway]], [[Jeff Goldblum]], [[Chloë Grace Moretz]], [[Asa Butterfield]], [[Abraham Attah]], and [[Irrfan Khan]]. Since Carruth announced his retirement<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hotcorn.com/en/movies/news/shane-carruth-on-the-dead-center-and-why-hes-quitting-film-for-good/|title=Shane Carruth on The Dead Center and why he's quitting film for good|last=Pape|first=Stefan|date=10 October 2019|website=hotcorn.com}}</ref> and released the full script and the unfinished score, the project is unlikely to begin production anytime soon.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Raup|first=Jordan|date=17 June 2020|title=Shane Carruth Shares Full Script & Concept Trailer for The Modern Ocean|url=https://thefilmstage.com/shane-carruth-shares-full-script-concept-trailer-for-the-modern-ocean/|access-date=13 July 2021|website=The Film Stage|language=en-US}}</ref> Holland was also pushing for a lead role in [[Sam Mendes]]'s ''[[1917 (2019 film)|1917]]'' in September 2018, but ultimately was not involved as he was contractually obligated to do reshoots for ''Chaos Walking'' in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2018|title=Tom Holland In Talks To Star In Sam Mendes' WWI Drama 1917|url=https://screenrant.com/tom-holland-sam-mendes-1917-cast/|access-date=13 July 2021|website=ScreenRant|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Slavin|first=Michael|date=20 January 2020|title=Tom Holland May Have Almost Starred In ‘1917’|url=https://discussingfilm.net/2020/01/20/tom-holland-may-have-almost-starred-in-1917/|access-date=13 July 2021|website=DiscussingFilm|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2020, Holland claimed in a [[BBC Radio 1]] interview that he was approached by an unnamed producer about a possible reboot of the [[Back to the Future franchise|''Back to the Future'' franchise]] with him starring the lead role as [[Marty McFly]] (or a similar new character), but said he was reluctant to take up this offer as he described the existing films as 'perfect films', though he would be interested in re-creating scenes from the films in a [[Deepfake|deep fake]] homage video or short film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/back-future-movie-remake-reboot-tom-holland-talks/|title=Tom Holland Confirms Back To The Future Remake Talks Have Happened|date=28 February 2020|website=ScreenRant}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Robert Downey Jr and Tom Holland in Back to the future - This is heavy! [ deepfake ]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OJnkJqkyio|language=en|access-date=22 May 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Holland has said that he would like to "do some more franchises" and play "some meatier indie roles and eventually...transition to the other side of the camera and branch into directing."<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2017|title=Tom Holland might just be the most chipper superhero of all time|url=https://www.shortlist.com/news/tom-holland-spider-man-superhero|access-date=11 February 2020|website=Shortlist|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Holland resides in [[Kingston upon Thames]] in London, near the house of his parents and younger brothers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/849879/tom-holland-s-mom-tricks-him-into-staying-close-to-home |title=Tom Holland's Mom Tricks Him Into Staying Close to Home |work=[[E!]] |first=Zach |last=Johnson |date=10 May 2017 |access-date=30 September 2018 |publisher=[[E! Entertainment Television]], LLC. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515154650/http://www.eonline.com/news/849879/tom-holland-s-mom-tricks-him-into-staying-close-to-home |archive-date=15 May 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> He has a blue [[Staffordshire Bull Terrier]] named Tessa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mashable.com/2015/06/23/spider-man-tom-holland/ |title=5 things to know about your new Spider-Man: Tom Holland |first=Yohana |last=Desta |work=[[Mashable]] |date=23 June 2015 |access-date=30 September 2018 |publisher=[[Ziff Davis, LLC]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115183339/https://mashable.com/2015/06/23/spider-man-tom-holland/ |archive-date=15 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was diagnosed with [[dyslexia]] at age seven.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dominicholland.co.uk/dyslexia-is-in-the-news/ |title=Dyslexia is in the news… |work=DominicHolland.co.uk |first=Dominic |last=Holland |author-link=Dominic Holland |date=26 February 2014 |access-date=30 September 2018 |publisher=MMB Creative |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817075352/http://www.dominicholland.co.uk/dyslexia-is-in-the-news/ |archive-date=17 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting credits==<br />
<br />
===Film===<br />
[[File:Tom Holland Billy Elliott 2010 1.jpg|thumb|Holland in 2010]]<br />
<!-- Please note: do NOT use "rowspans" per WP:FILMOGRAPHY --><br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col"|Year<br />
!scope="col"|Title<br />
!scope="col"|Role<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|2010<br />
| ''[[Arrietty]]''<br />
| Shō (voice)<br />
| British English dub.<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|2012<br />
| {{Sort|Impossible|''[[The Impossible (2012 film)|The Impossible]]''}}<br />
| {{Sort|Bennett|[[Lucas Bennett]]}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Ford|first=Rebecca|date=21 December 2012|title='The Impossible': Tom Holland on Staying Afloat in his Film Debut|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/impossible-tom-holland-staying-afloat-405948|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209225121/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/impossible-tom-holland-staying-afloat-405948|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |2013<br />
| ''[[How I Live Now (film)|How I Live Now]]''<br />
| Isaac<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Jenkins|first=Mark|date=7 November 2013|title=The End Of The World, As She Knows It|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/11/07/243001105/the-end-of-the-world-as-she-knows-it|work=NPR|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812132434/https://www.npr.org/2013/11/07/243001105/the-end-of-the-world-as-she-knows-it|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Moments''<br />
| Boy<br />
| Short film<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Locke (film)|Locke]]''<br />
| Eddie (voice)<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Hans|first=Simran|date=30 March 2020|title=My streaming gem: why you should watch Locke|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/mar/30/my-streaming-gem-locke-tom-hardy|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=9 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209135920/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/mar/30/my-streaming-gem-locke-tom-hardy|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|2014<br />
| ''[[Billy Elliot the Musical Live]]''<br />
| Former Billy<br />
| Cameo; Live stage recording of the 2005 [[West End theatre|West End]] [[Billy Elliot the Musical|musical of the same name]]<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2015<br />
| ''[[In the Heart of the Sea (film)|In the Heart of the Sea]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Nickerson|[[Thomas Nickerson]]}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Denham|first=Jess|date=21 December 2015|title=In the Heart of the Sea: Tom Holland describes nausea-inducing whale scene as ‘like being born over and over again’|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/in-the-heart-of-the-sea-tom-holland-describes-nausea-inducing-whale-scene-as-like-being-born-over-a6778966.html|work=Independent|location=London|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311021929/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/in-the-heart-of-the-sea-tom-holland-describes-nausea-inducing-whale-scene-as-like-being-born-over-a6778966.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Tweet''<br />
| Himself<br />
| Short film<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="4" scope="row" |2016<br />
| ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Parker|[[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]]}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Sava|first=Oliver|date=7 July 2017|title=What Tom Holland has that other Spider-Mans haven’t|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/7/15724258/tom-holland-best-spider-man-dance-training|work=Vox|location=New york City|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=11 November 2017|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6utIad8wR?url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/7/15724258/tom-holland-best-spider-man-dance-training|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Edge of Winter (film)|Edge of Winter]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Baker|Bradley Baker}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Chesire|first=Godfrey|date=12 August 2016|title=Edge of Winter|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/edge-of-winter-2016|work=RogerEbert.com|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123170046/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/edge-of-winter-2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[A Monster Calls (film)|A Monster Calls]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Monster|Monster}}<br />
| Stand-in for [[Liam Neeson]]<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Schwerdtfeger|first=Conner|title=The Strange Role Spider-Man Star Tom Holland Plays in 'A Monster Calls'|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1559479/the-strange-role-spider-man-star-tom-holland-plays-in-a-monster-calls|access-date=24 September 2016|work=Cinemablend|date=24 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Siegel|first=Tatiana|date=22 September 2016|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/rambling-reporter/spider-man-star-tom-holland-s-surprising-role-monster-stand-931176|title='Spider-Man' Star Tom Holland’s Surprising Role: Monster Stand-In |publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{Sort|Lost City of Z|''[[The Lost City of Z (film)|The Lost City of Z]]''}}<br />
| {{Sort|Fawcett|Jack Fawcett}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Berman|first=Eliza|date=14 April 2017|title=The True Story Behind The Lost City of Z|url=https://time.com/4735505/the-lost-city-of-z-true-story/|work=Time|location=New York City|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116031843/https://time.com/4735505/the-lost-city-of-z-true-story/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |2017<br />
| ''[[Pilgrimage (2017 film)|Pilgrimage]]''<br />
| The Novice / Brother Diarmuid<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Scheck|first=Frank|date=9 August 2017|title='Pilgrimage': Film Review|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/pilgrimage-1028031|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029090054/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/pilgrimage-1028031|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Spider-Man: Homecoming]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Parker|Peter Parker / Spider-Man}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Spiegel|first=Josh|date=9 July 2017|title=How 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' Beat the Reboot Curse|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/spider-man-homecoming-beat-reboot-curse-thanks-tom-holland-1018843|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=8 June 2020|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126220014/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/spider-man-homecoming-beat-reboot-curse-thanks-tom-holland-1018843|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{Sort|Current War|''[[The Current War]]''}}<br />
| {{Sort|Insull|[[Samuel Insull]]}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Jaworowski|first=Ken|date=24 October 2019|title=‘The Current War’ Review: Edison vs. Westinghouse, Down to the Wire|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/24/movies/the-current-war-review.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=16 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916173751/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/24/movies/the-current-war-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|2018<br />
| ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" | {{Sort|Parker|Peter Parker / Spider-Man}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Travis|date=6 August 2018|title='Avengers: Infinity War' directors confirmed Spider-Man actor Tom Holland is terrible at keeping secrets and avoiding spoilers|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/infinity-war-directors-on-spider-man-actor-tom-holland-and-spoilers-2018-8|work=Business Insider|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307001245/https://www.businessinsider.com/infinity-war-directors-on-spider-man-actor-tom-holland-and-spoilers-2018-8|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |2019<br />
| ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]''<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Olivia|date=10 May 2019|title=Tom Holland thought that one of the most heartbreaking scenes in 'Avengers: Endgame' was a wedding|url=https://www.insider.com/avengers-endgame-tom-holland-thought-funeral-scene-was-wedding-kimmel-video-2019-5|work=Insider|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307001254/https://www.insider.com/avengers-endgame-tom-holland-thought-funeral-scene-was-wedding-kimmel-video-2019-5|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Spider-Man: Far From Home]]''<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Child|first=Ben|date=4 July 2019|title=Spider-Man: Far from Home leaves Marvel in its darkest place yet – discuss with spoilers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jul/04/spider-man-far-from-home-discuss-with-spoilers|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=9 June 2020|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224234425/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jul/04/spider-man-far-from-home-discuss-with-spoilers|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Spies in Disguise]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Beckett|Walter Beckett}}<br />
| rowspan="3" |Voice role<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Walsh|first=Katie|date=23 December 2019|title=Review: Will Smith and Tom Holland embrace gentler conflict resolution in ‘Spies in Disguise’|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-12-23/spies-in-disguise-review|work=The Los Angeles Times|access-date=9 June 2020|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117032522/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-12-23/spies-in-disguise-review|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |2020<br />
| ''[[Dolittle (film)|Dolittle]]''<br />
| Jip<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Collis|first=Clark|date=14 January 2020|title=Dolittle star Robert Downey Jr. explains why he wanted to talk to the animals|url=https://ew.com/movies/2020/01/14/dolittle-robert-downey-jr-tom-holland/|work=Entertainment Weekly|location=Los Angeles|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205032236/https://ew.com/movies/2020/01/14/dolittle-robert-downey-jr-tom-holland/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Onward (film)|Onward]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Lightfoot|Ian Lightfoot}}<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Jackson|first=Angelique|date=19 February 2020|title=Tom Holland and Chris Pratt Show Off Real-Life Bond at Pixar’s ‘Onward’ Premiere|url=https://variety.com/2020/scene/news/onward-tom-holland-chris-pratt-disney-pixar-marvel-1203508163/|work=Variety|location=Los Angeles|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302203006/https://variety.com/2020/scene/news/onward-tom-holland-chris-pratt-disney-pixar-marvel-1203508163/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Devil All the Time (film)|The Devil All the Time]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Russell|Arvin Russell}}<br />
| <br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=14 February 2019|title=Sebastian Stan Replaces Chris Evans in Netflix’s ‘The Devil All the Time’|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/sebastian-stan-chris-evans-netflix-devil-all-the-time-1203140218/|work=Variety|location=Los Angeles|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193909/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/sebastian-stan-chris-evans-netflix-devil-all-the-time-1203140218/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |2021<br />
| ''[[Cherry (2021 film)|Cherry]]''<br />
| [[Nico Walker|Cherry]]<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=variety|first=variety|date=23 July 2020|title=Sequel of spiderman far from home delayed|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/spider-man-far-from-home-sequel-delayed-1234715451/|work=Collider|access-date=24 August 2020|archive-date=24 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724015431/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/spider-man-far-from-home-sequel-delayed-1234715451/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chaos Walking (film)|Chaos Walking]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Hewitt|[[List of Chaos Walking characters#Todd Hewitt|Todd Hewitt]]}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2020/12/chaos-walking-postpone-release-date-lionsgate-tom-holland-daisy-ridley-1234658254/ |title=Lionsgate Pushes Tom Holland-Daisy Ridley Sci-Fi YA Pic 'Chaos Walking' To March |last1=Evans |first1=Greg |last2=D'Alessandro |first2=Anthony |work=Deadline |date=17 December 2020 |access-date=17 December 2020 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220202444/https://deadline.com/2020/12/chaos-walking-postpone-release-date-lionsgate-tom-holland-daisy-ridley-1234658254/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]''{{dagger}}<br />
| {{Sort|Parker|Peter Parker / Spider-Man}}<br />
| Post-production<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonzalez |first=Umberto |date=13 June 2017 |title=Tom Holland (Accidentally) Reveals Spider-Man Solo Movie Is First in a Trilogy |url=https://www.thewrap.com/tom-holland-reveals-spider-man-solo-trilogy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613192653/https://www.thewrap.com/tom-holland-reveals-spider-man-solo-trilogy/ |archive-date=13 June 2017 |access-date=13 June 2017 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |2022<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ''[[Uncharted (film)|Uncharted]]''{{dagger}}<br />
| {{Sort|Drake|[[Nathan Drake (Uncharted)|Nathan Drake]]}}<br />
| Post-production<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|date=22 May 2017|title=‘Uncharted’ Reconfigured: ‘Spider-Man Homecoming’s Tom Holland To Play Young Nathan Drake For Shawn Levy|url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/tom-holland-uncharted-nathan-drake-movie-spider-man-homecoming-shawn-levy-1202099530/|work=Deadline|location=Los Angeles|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=24 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024145234/https://deadline.com/2017/05/tom-holland-uncharted-nathan-drake-movie-spider-man-homecoming-shawn-levy-1202099530/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Denotes films that have not yet been released}}<br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col"| Year<br />
!scope="col"|Title<br />
!scope="col"|Role<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|2015<br />
| ''[[Wolf Hall (miniseries)|Wolf Hall]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Cromwell|[[Gregory Cromwell]]}}<br />
| Miniseries (6 episodes)<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Who are the royal subjects?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02g3n38/p02g3lj7|work=BBC|location=London|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=6 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306235950/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02g3n38/p02g3lj7|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|2017<br />
| ''[[Lip Sync Battle]]''<br />
| Himself / [[Rihanna]]<br />
| Episode: "Tom Holland vs. [[Zendaya]]"<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paramountnetwork.com/episodes/x04nby/lip-sync-battle-zendaya-vs-tom-holland-season-3-ep-22|title=Lip Sync Battle: "Tom Holland vs. Zendaya"|website=Paramount Network|date=5 July 2017|accessdate=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044229/https://www.paramountnetwork.com/episodes/x04nby/lip-sync-battle-zendaya-vs-tom-holland-season-3-ep-22|archive-date=6 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|''The Crowded Room''<br />
|[[Billy Milligan]]<br />
|Main role; also executive producer<br />
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|last=White|first=Peter|date=8 April 2021|title=Tom Holland To Star In Apple Anthology Series ‘The Crowded Room’ From Akiva Goldsman & New Regency|url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/tom-holland-to-star-apple-anthology-series-the-crowded-room-akiva-goldsman-1234729874/|access-date=10 April 2021|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Theatre===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col"|Year<br />
!scope="col"|Title<br />
!scope="col"|Role<br />
!scope="col"|Venue<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row| 2008–2010<br />
| ''[[Billy Elliot the Musical]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Elliot|Billy Elliot / Michael}} Caffrey<br />
| [[Victoria Palace Theatre]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite av media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-omDVx5IEl4 |title=Billy Elliot the Musical - Tom Holland - Billy |date=27 August 2009 |work=YouTube |access-date=9 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926222512/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-omDVx5IEl4 |archive-date=26 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/3632880.New_Billy_Elliot_leaving_the_garage "New Billy Elliot leaving the garage"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415201048/http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/3632880.New_Billy_Elliot_leaving_the_garage/ |date=15 April 2009 }}, ichmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk, 31 August 2008.</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Theme park attractions===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col"|Year<br />
!scope="col"|Title<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Role<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Theme Park<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="2" | 2021<br />
| ''[[Avengers Campus]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Disney California Adventure]], [[Walt Disney Studios Park]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Avengers Campus: Here's Everything You Need to Know About The New Land at the Disneyland Resort|url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/culture-lifestyle/avengers-campus-disneyland-overview|access-date=11 June 2021|website=Marvel Entertainment|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Web Slingers: A Spider-Man Adventure]]''<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Avengers Campus: Behind-The-Scenes Details on the New Spider-Man Attraction|url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/culture-lifestyle/avengers-campus-web-slingers-spider-man-attraction|access-date=11 June 2021|website=Marvel Entertainment|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Accolades==<br />
<!--Please note: do NOT add rowspan parameter to other columns besides "year" per WP:ACCESS--><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Nominated work<br />
! Result<br />
! class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | 2012<br />
| [[Hollywood Film Awards]]<br />
| Spotlight Award<br />
| rowspan="20" | ''[[The Impossible (2012 film)|The Impossible]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards 2012|Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards]]<br />
| [[Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Breakthrough Performance|Best Youth Performance]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[St. Louis Film Critics Association]]<br />
| Special Merit (shared with [[Naomi Watts]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Samuel Joslin]], and Oaklee Pendergast)<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2012|Chicago Film Critics Association Awards]]<br />
| Most Promising Performer<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2012/12/ptas-master-leads-chicago-film-critics-nominations-updated-houston-and-indiana-critics-nominations-200367/ |title=PTA's 'Master' Leads Chicago Film Critics Nominations, UPDATED: Houston and Indiana Critics Nominations |publisher=IndieWire |date=17 December 2012 |first=Beth |last=Hanna |access-date=2 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213090327/http://www.indiewire.com/2012/12/ptas-master-leads-chicago-film-critics-nominations-updated-houston-and-indiana-critics-nominations-200367/ |archive-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards<br />
| Best Youth Performance in a Lead or Supporting Role - Male<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Nevada Film Critics Society<br />
| Best Youth Performance<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="13" | 2013<br />
| Central Ohio Film Critics Association<br />
| Breakthrough Film Artist<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[National Board of Review]]<br />
| [[National Board of Review Award for Breakthrough Performance|Breakthrough Performance - Male]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Critics' Choice Awards]]<br />
| [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer|Best Young Actor/Actress]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[London Film Critics Circle Awards 2012|London Film Critics' Circle Awards]]<br />
| [[London Film Critics Circle Awards 2012#Young British Performer of the Year|Young British Performer of the Year]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name="criticscircle.org.uk"/><br />
|-<br />
| Online Film & Television Association<br />
| Best Youth Performance<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Online Film & Television Association<br />
| Best Breakthrough Performance - Male<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Online Film & Television Association<br />
| Most Cinematic Moment (shared with [[Naomi Watts]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Samuel Joslin]], Oaklee Pendergast)<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Cinema Writers Circle Awards<br />
| Best New Actor<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Goya Awards]]<br />
| [[Goya Award for Best New Actor|Best New Actor]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominaciones Goya 2013 Telecinco Cinema – ENG |url=http://www.mediaset.es/inversores/en/NominacionesGoya2013TelecincoCinema-ENG_MDSFIL20130111_0003.pdf |publisher=Mediaset.es |access-date=3 February 2013 |date=8 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105310/http://www.mediaset.es/inversores/en/NominacionesGoya2013TelecincoCinema-ENG_MDSFIL20130111_0003.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Gold Derby Awards<br />
| Best Breakthrough Performer<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Empire Awards]]<br />
| [[Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer|Best Male Newcomer]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Jameson Empire Film Awards: Martin Freeman wins best actor for performance in The Hobbit |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jameson-empire-film-awards-martin-freeman-wins-best-actor-for-performance-in-the-hobbit-8547600.html |access-date=24 March 2013 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |first=Luke |last=Blackall |date=24 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325052604/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jameson-empire-film-awards-martin-freeman-wins-best-actor-for-performance-in-the-hobbit-8547600.html |archive-date=25 March 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Young Artist Awards]]<br />
| [[Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film|Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actor]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name="Young Artist Awards 3">{{cite web |url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms34.html |title=34th Annual Young Artist Awards |access-date=5 May 2013 |work=YoungArtistAwards.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6FaZ1wnUQ?url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms34.html |archive-date=2 April 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Saturn Awards]]<br />
| [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Best Performance by a Younger Actor]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| CinEuphoria Awards<br />
| Best Actor - International Competition<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2016<br />
| [[Young Artist Awards]]<br />
| Best Performance in a Feature Film - Supporting Young Actor (14-21)<br />
| ''[[In the Heart of the Sea (film)|In the Heart of the Sea]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Golden Schmoes Awards<br />
| Breakthrough Performance of the Year<br />
| rowspan="4" | ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Scene Stealer|Choice Movie: Scene Stealer]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/771305/teen-choice-awards-2016-captain-america-civil-war-leads-second-wave-of-nominations |title=Teen Choice Awards 2016—Captain America: Civil War Leads Second Wave of Nominations |website=E! Online |date=9 June 2016 |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6iCCGl4MZ?url=http://www.eonline.com/news/771305/teen-choice-awards-2016-captain-america-civil-war-leads-second-wave-of-nominations |archive-date=11 June 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | 2017<br />
| [[Empire Awards]]<br />
| [[Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer|Best Male Newcomer]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saturn Awards]]<br />
| [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Best Performance by a Younger Actor]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/saturn-awards-nominations-2017-rogue-one-walking-dead-1202000833/ |title=Saturn Awards Nominations 2017: 'Rogue One,' 'Walking Dead' Lead |last=McNary |first=Dave |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=2 March 2017 |access-date=2 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303065009/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/saturn-awards-nominations-2017-rogue-one-walking-dead-1202000833/ |archive-date=3 March 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[British Academy Film Awards]]<br />
| [[BAFTA Rising Star Award|Rising Star Award]]<br />
| Himself<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/bafta-film-award-nominations-race-1201955906/|title=BAFTA Film Award Nominations: 'La La Land' Leads Race|date=10 January 2017|work=Variety|access-date=10 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110195052/http://variety.com/2017/film/awards/bafta-film-award-nominations-race-1201955906/|archive-date=10 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[London Film Critics Circle Awards 2017|London Film Critics' Circle Awards]]<br />
| Young British/Irish Performer of the Year<br />
| ''[[The Lost City of Z (film)|The Lost City of Z]]'' / ''[[Spider-Man: Homecoming]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/three-billboards-leads-nominees-for-critics-circle-film-awards/ |title=Three Billboards Leads Nominees for Critics' Circle Film Awards |last=Cline |first=Rich |website=The Critics' Circle |date=9 December 2017 |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220074937/http://www.criticscircle.org.uk/three-billboards-leads-nominees-for-critics-circle-film-awards/ |archive-date=20 December 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| Choice Breakout Movie Star<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Spider-Man: Homecoming]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/866031/teen-choice-awards-2017-reveal-second-wave-of-nominations |title=Teen Choice Awards 2017 Reveal "Second Wave" of Nominations |website=[[E! Online]] |last=Vulpo |first=Mike |date=12 July 2017 |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712220210/http://www.eonline.com/news/866031/teen-choice-awards-2017-reveal-second-wave-of-nominations |archive-date=12 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Teen Choice Awards<br />
| Choice Summer Movie Actor<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2018<br />
| [[44th Saturn Awards|Saturn Awards]]<br />
| [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Best Performance by a Younger Actor]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/saturn-awards-winners-black-panther-blade-runner-2049-shape-of-water-get-out-1202418606/|title='Black Panther' Tops 44th Saturn Awards With Five; 'Blade Runner 2049' , 'Shape Of Water', 'Get Out' Also Score|last=Hammond|first=Pete|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=27 June 2018|access-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628130417/https://deadline.com/2018/06/saturn-awards-winners-black-panther-blade-runner-2049-shape-of-water-get-out-1202418606/|archive-date=28 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| Choice Action Movie Actor<br />
| ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/943773/teen-choice-awards-2018-avengers-infinity-war-black-panther-and-riverdale-among-top-nominees |title=Teen Choice Awards 2018: Avengers: Infinity War, Black Panther and Riverdale Among Top Nominees |website=[[E! Online]] |last=Cohen |first=Jess |date=13 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613220922/https://www.eonline.com/news/943773/teen-choice-awards-2018-avengers-infinity-war-black-panther-and-riverdale-among-top-nominees |archive-date=13 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2019<br />
| [[45th Saturn Awards|Saturn Awards]]<br />
| [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Best Performance by a Younger Actor]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Spider-Man: Far From Home]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]]<br />
| Choice Summer Movie Actor<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=https://www.comicbook.com/marvel/amp/2019/08/12/teen-choice-awards-spider-man-far-from-home-choice-summer-movie/<br />
|title=Teen Choice Awards: Spider-Man Far From Home Wins Choice Summer Movie<br />
|website=www.comicbook.com<br />
|last=Zuniga<br />
|first=Lorgan<br />
|access-date=14 August 2019<br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814035428/https://comicbook.com/marvel/amp/2019/08/12/teen-choice-awards-spider-man-far-from-home-choice-summer-movie/<br />
|archive-date=14 August 2019<br />
|url-status=live<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| [[2020 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]]<br />
| Favorite Superhero (as [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]])<br />
| ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' / ''[[Spider-Man: Far From Home]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kids' Choice Awards 2020: Complete List of Winners|url=https://www.etonline.com/kids-choice-awards-2020-complete-list-of-winners-145789|access-date=6 August 2020|website=Entertainment Tonight|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2021<br />
| [[1st Critics' Choice Super Awards|Critics' Choice Super Awards]]<br />
| Best Voice Actor in an Animated Movie<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Onward (film)|Onward]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Pete |title='Palm Springs', 'Lovecraft Country' Top Movie And Series Nominations For Inaugural Critics Choice Super Awards; Netflix Lands 35 Nods |url=https://deadline.com/2020/11/palm-springs-lovecraft-country-lead-critcs-choice-super-awards-nominations-1234618498/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=23 December 2020 |date=19 November 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[48th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<br />
| [[Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production|Voice Acting in a Feature Production]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|last=Pedersen|first=Erik|date=17 April 2021|title='Soul' Edges 'Wolfwalkers' For Most Trophies At Annie Awards; Three For TV's 'Hilda' Leads Field – Winners List|url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/annie-awards-2021-winners-list-livestream-animation-1234734559/|access-date=21 April 2021|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{Refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Eclipsed: How Tom Holland Eclipsed His 'Celebrity' Dad |last=Holland |first=Dominic |year=2017}} [https://domhollandbooks.myshopify.com]<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Tom Holland (actor)|Tom Holland}}<br />
* {{Allmovie name|734485|Tom Holland}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|4043618}}<br />
* {{Twitter|Tomholland1996}}<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Tom Holland<br />
|list =<br />
{{BAFTA Rising Star Award}}<br />
{{Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Breakthrough Performance}}<br />
{{Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor}}<br />
{{Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|England|Film|London|Theatre|United Kingdom}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holland, Tom}}<br />
[[Category:1996 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA Rising Star Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:British male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male child actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male musical theatre actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male stage actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male voice actors]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Irish descent]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Manx descent]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from London]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at the BRIT School]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Wimbledon College]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kingston upon Thames]]<br />
[[Category:People with dyslexia]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Branson&diff=138527Richard Branson2021-08-19T06:23:19Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|British business magnate, investor and philanthropist}} {{Distinguish|text=Richard Bronson or Richard Brandon}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} {..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British business magnate, investor and philanthropist}}<br />
{{Distinguish|text=[[Richard Bronson]] or [[Richard Brandon]]}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} <br />
{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]<br />
| name = Richard Branson<br />
| post-nominals = <br />
| image = Richard Branson March 2015 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Branson at [[Chatham House]] in March 2015<br />
| birth_name = {{nowrap|Richard Charles Nicholas Branson}}<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1950|7|18}}<ref name=whoswho>{{Who's Who | surname = Branson | othernames = Sir Richard (Charles Nicholas) | id = U8562 | volume = 2014 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Blackheath, London]], England<br />
| occupation = Businessman and author<br />
| known_for = Founder of the [[Virgin Group]]<br />
| years_active = 1966–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Kristen Tomassi|1972|1979|end=div}}<br>{{marriage|Joan Templeman|1989}}<br />
| children = 3 (1 deceased)<br />
| father = Ted Branson<br />
| mother = [[Eve Branson]]<br />
| relatives = [[G. A. H. Branson]] (grandfather)<br>[[Vanessa Branson]] (sister)<br />
| nationality = British<br />
| signature = Richard Branson signature SVG.svg<br />
|}}<br />
'''Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson''' (born 18 July 1950)<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2019/07/18/Famous-birthdays-for-July-18-Vin-Diesel-Kristen-Bell/8771563155558/|title=Famous birthdays for July 18: Vin Diesel, Kristen Bell|work=[[United Press International]]|date=18 July 2019|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-date=19 July 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190719181941/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2019/07/18/Famous-birthdays-for-July-18-Vin-Diesel-Kristen-Bell/8771563155558/|url-status=live|quote=Businessman Richard Branson in 1950 (age 69)}}</ref> is an English [[business magnate]], investor, and author.<ref>[http://www.flixens.com/director/richard-charles-nicholas-branson List of Companies related to Richard Branson]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828104000/http://www.flixens.com/director/richard-charles-nicholas-branson |date=28 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|date=2021-07-11|title=Branson Completes Virgin Galactic Flight, Aiming to Open Up Space Tourism|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/11/science/richard-branson-virgin-galactic-space.html|access-date=2021-07-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="NBC">{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/amazons-jeff-bezos-makes-history-civilian-suborbital-flight-rcna1436|title=Amazon's Jeff Bezos makes history with all-civilian suborbital flight|first=Denise|last=Chow|work=NBC News|date=20 July 2021|accessdate=21 July 2021}}</ref> In the 1970s he founded the [[Virgin Group]], which today controls more than 400 companies in various fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard-home/article-23897620-londons-1000-most-influential-people-2010-tycoons-and-retailers.do |title=London's 1000 most influential people 2010: Tycoons & Retailers |work=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |date=26 November 2010 |access-date=11 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303202728/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard-home/article-23897620-londons-1000-most-influential-people-2010-tycoons-and-retailers.do |archive-date= 3 March 2011 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson expressed his desire to become an entrepreneur at a young age. His first business venture, at the age of 16, was a magazine called ''Student''. In 1970, he set up a mail-order record business. He opened a chain of record stores, [[Virgin Records]]—later known as [[Virgin Megastores]]—in 1972. Branson's Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s, as he started [[Virgin Atlantic]] airline and expanded the Virgin Records [[music label]]. In 1997, Branson founded the [[Virgin Rail Group]] to bid for [[Passenger rail franchising in Great Britain|passenger rail franchises]] during the [[privatisation of British Rail]]. The [[Virgin Trains]] brand operated the [[InterCity West Coast]] franchise from 1997 to 2019, the [[Virgin CrossCountry|InterCity CrossCountry]] franchise from 1997 to 2007, and the [[Virgin Trains East Coast|InterCity East Coast]] franchise from 2015 to 2018. In 2004, he founded spaceflight corporation [[Virgin Galactic]], based at [[Mojave Air and Space Port]] in California, noted for the [[SpaceShipTwo]] [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|suborbital]] [[spaceplane]] designed for [[space tourism]].<br />
<br />
In March 2000, Branson was [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom|knighted]] at [[Buckingham Palace]] for "services to entrepreneurship".<ref>{{cite news|title=Virgin tycoon is knighted|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/695511.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=3 January 2016|access-date=15 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030109105904/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/695511.stm|archive-date=9 January 2003|url-status=live}}</ref> For his work in retail, music and transport (with interests in land, air, sea and space travel), his taste for adventure and for his humanitarian work, he has become a prominent global figure.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Barling|first1=Julian|title=The Sage Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Volume Two: Macro Approaches|publisher=Sage|page=383}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Thirty of the very best of British|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/10050832/Thirty-of-the-very-best-of-British.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=13 November 2016|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409095024/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/10050832/Thirty-of-the-very-best-of-British.html|archive-date=9 April 2018}}</ref> In 2007, he was placed in the [[Time 100|''Time'' 100 Most Influential People in the World]] list. In July 2021, ''[[Forbes]]'' listed Branson's estimated net worth at US$5.7&nbsp;billion.<ref name=FSB>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/richard-branson/ |title=Richard Branson|access-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420132945/https://www.forbes.com/profile/richard-branson/ |archive-date=20 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 11 July 2021, Branson travelled as a passenger onboard [[Virgin Galactic Unity 22]] at the [[outer space|edge of space]], a suborbital test flight for his spaceflight company Virgin Galactic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-11|title=Richard Branson successfully completes flight to space with Virgin Galactic|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/space-trip-virgin-branson-live-b1882125.html|access-date=2021-07-11|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-11|title=Billionaire Richard Branson reaches space in his own ship|url=https://apnews.com/article/virgin-galactic-launch-richard-branson-37fd721264b1421f8a1223ee5e5626e3|access-date=2021-07-11|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> The mission lasted approximately one hour, reaching a peak altitude of {{convert|53.5|mi|km}}. At 71, Branson is the [[List of spaceflight records|third oldest person]] to fly to space.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kurkowski|first=Seth|date=2021-07-11|title=Live Blog: Virgin Galactic to launch Richard Branson and Unity22 crew to space|url=https://spaceexplored.com/2021/07/11/live-blog-virgin-galactic-to-launch-richard-branson-and-unity22-crew-to-space/|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Space Explored|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Branson was born in [[Blackheath, London]], to [[Eve Branson]] (''née'' Evette Huntley Flindt; 1924–2021), a former ballet dancer and air hostess, and Edward James Branson (1918–2011), a [[barrister]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/law-obituaries/8501350/Edward-Branson.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Edward Branson | date=8 May 2011 | access-date=4 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408073321/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/law-obituaries/8501350/Edward-Branson.html | archive-date=8 April 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}<br />– "Births", ''[[The Times]]'', 12 July 1950, p. 1</ref><ref name="fdnr1">[https://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/finding-my-roots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215161224/https://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/finding-my-roots |date=15 February 2016 }} ''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', 2 February 2016, PBS</ref> He has two younger sisters, Lindy Branson and [[Vanessa Branson]].<ref name=SagaMar13>{{cite news|url=https://www.saga.co.uk/saga-magazine/2013/march/eve-branson.aspx|title=Like mother, like son|author=Nina Myskow|date=13 March 2013|work=Saga magazine|access-date=5 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105104205/https://www.saga.co.uk/saga-magazine/2013/march/eve-branson.aspx|archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref> His grandfather, [[G. A. H. Branson|Sir George Arthur Harwin Branson]], was a judge of the [[High Court of Justice]] and a [[Privy Councillor]].<ref>"Forthcoming Marriages", ''[[The Times]]'', 22 June 1949, p. 7.</ref><br />
<br />
His third great-grandfather, John Edward Branson, left England for [[India]] in 1793; John Edward's father, Harry Wilkins Branson, later joined him in [[Madras]]. From 1793, four generations of his family were at [[Cuddalore]] [[Tamilnadu]]. On the show ''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', Branson was shown to have 3.9% South Asian (Indian) DNA, likely through intermarriage.<ref name=fdnr1/> Later, he stated that one of his great-great-great-grandmothers was an Indian named Ariya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Billionaire Richard Branson Reveals India Connection In Insta Post|url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/billionaire-richard-branson-reveals-india-connection-in-insta-post-2147792|access-date=24 September 2020|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson was educated at [[Scaitcliffe School]], a [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|prep school]] in [[Surrey]], before briefly attending Cliff View House School in [[Sussex]].<ref name=TimesSep98>Richard Branson. "At school I was dyslexic and a dunce.", ''The Times'', London, 11 September 1998, p. 19</ref> He attended [[Stowe School]], an [[Independent school (United Kingdom)|independent school]] in [[Buckinghamshire]] until the age of sixteen.<ref name=TimesSep98/><br />
<br />
Branson has [[dyslexia]], and had poor academic performance; on his last day at school, his headmaster, [[Robert Drayson]], told him he would either end up in prison or become a millionaire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defeat-dyslexia.com/2015/07/famous-dyslexics-richard-branson-entrepreneur/|title=Famous Dyslexics: Richard Branson (entrepreneur)|date=9 July 2015|website=Defeat Dyslexia}}</ref><ref name=TimesSep98/> Branson's parents were supportive of his endeavours from an early age.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shavinina|first=Larisa V|title=Micro-social factors in the development of entrepreneurial giftedness: the case of Richard Branson|journal=High Ability Studies|date=December 2006|volume=17|issue=2|pages=225–235|doi=10.1080/13598130601121482|s2cid=145055396}}</ref> His mother was an entrepreneur; one of her most successful ventures was building and selling wooden tissue boxes and wastepaper bins.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Virgin Way: Everything I know about leadership|last=Branson|first=Richard|publisher=Portfolio/Penguin|year=2014|location=New York}}</ref> In London, he started off [[squatting]] from 1967 to 1968.<ref><br />
{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/jul/21/3|title=Famous faces who took rent-free route|date=21 July 1999|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906161721/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/jul/21/3|archive-date=6 September 2018|url-status=live}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
== Early business career ==<br />
After failed attempts to grow and sell both [[Christmas tree]]s and [[budgerigar]]s, Branson launched a magazine named ''Student'' in 1966 with [[Nik Powell]]. The first issue of ''Student'' appeared in January 1968, and a year later, Branson's net worth was estimated at £50,000. The office for the venture was situated in the crypt of St. John's Church, off [[Bayswater Road]], in London.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How an Anglican Church Bootstrapped Virgin Records|url=https://www.garlandpollard.com/how-the-anglican-church-bootstrapped-virgin-records/|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.garlandpollard.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Though not initially as successful as he hoped, the magazine later became a vital component of the mail-order record business Branson started from the same church he used for ''Student''. Branson used the magazine to advertise popular albums, driving his record sales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-fails-virgin-companies-that-went-bust-2012-4?op=1|title=Richard Branson's Fails: 14 Virgin Companies That Went Bust|author=Mallory Russell|date=21 April 2012|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913202138/http://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-fails-virgin-companies-that-went-bust-2012-4?op=1|archive-date=13 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> He interviewed several prominent personalities of the late 1960s for the magazine including [[Mick Jagger]] and [[R. D. Laing]].<ref name="Branson2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWxnDythozIC|title=Losing My Virginity|author=Richard Branson|year=2011|publisher=Ebury Publishing|isbn=978-1446483343}}</ref> Branson took over full direction of ''Student'' after successfully bluffing to Powell that the workers at the magazine opposed Powell's plans to turn the magazine into a cooperative.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.currentaffairs.org/2021/01/how-billionaires-see-themselves|title= How Billionaires See Themselves |year=2021|first=Robinson |last=Nathan |publisher= Current Affairs|quote=He had left a draft of a memo, which he was writing to the staff. It was a plan to get rid of me as publisher and editor, to take editorial and financial control of Student, and to turn it into a cooperative. I would become just part of the team, and everyone would share equally in the editorial direction of the magazine. I was shocked. I felt that Nik, my closest friend, was betraying me… I decided to bluff my way through the crisis… [If the staff were] undecided, then I could drive a wedge between Nik and the rest of them and cut Nik out.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-26|title=Remembering Nik Powell, Virgin Records co-founder and film producer|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nik-powell-death-businessman-film-producer-virgin-records-richard-branson-a9202766.html|access-date=2021-08-13|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
His business sold records for considerably less than the "High Street" outlets, especially the chain [[WHSmith]]. Branson once said, "There is no point in starting your own business unless you do it out of a sense of frustration."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-interview-hurricane-irma-failure-mums-2017-11|title=Richard Branson: Your business will fail unless you know your customers and 'experience their pain'|first=Kieron|last=Johnson|website=Business Insider}}</ref> At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit [[retail price maintenance]].<ref group=note>Another example was the [[Net Book Agreement]], which limited the ability of book outlets, including discount book clubs, to offer deep discounts.</ref><br />
<br />
Branson eventually started a record shop in [[Oxford Street]] in [[London]]. In 1971, he was questioned in connection with the selling of records declared export stock. The matter was never brought before a court because Branson agreed to repay any unpaid [[purchase tax]] of 33% and a £70,000 fine. His parents re-mortgaged the family home to help pay the settlement.<ref name="Branson2011" /><br />
<br />
==Virgin==<br />
{{Main|Virgin Group|Timeline of Richard Branson's business ventures}}<br />
<br />
===1972–1980: Founding of Virgin Records===<br />
[[File:The Manor Studios (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[The Manor Studio]], Richard Branson's recording studio in the [[manor house]] at the village of [[Shipton-on-Cherwell]] in [[Oxfordshire]]]]<br />
In 1972, using money earned from his record store, Branson launched the record label [[Virgin Records]] with [[Nik Powell]]. The name "Virgin" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.<ref name="ReferenceA">Richard Branson – ''Losing my Virginity''</ref> Branson bought a country estate north of [[Oxford]] in which he installed a residential recording studio, [[The Manor Studio]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.biography.com/people/richard-branson-9224520|title=Richard Branson Biography|access-date=16 September 2014|website=The Biography.com website|publisher=[[A&E Television Networks]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902042020/http://www.biography.com/people/richard-branson-9224520|archive-date=2 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> He leased studio time to fledgling artists, including multi-instrumentalist [[Mike Oldfield]], whose debut album ''[[Tubular Bells]]'' (1973) was the first release for Virgin Records and became a chart-topping best-seller.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03cw8g0|title=Tubular Bells: The Mike Oldfield Story|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407044710/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03cw8g0|archive-date=7 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Virgin signed controversial bands such as the [[Sex Pistols]], which other companies were reluctant to sign. Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the [[Rolling Stones]], [[Peter Gabriel]], [[XTC]], [[Japan (band)|Japan]], [[UB40]], [[Steve Winwood]] and [[Paula Abdul]], and to become the world's largest independent record label.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197616|title=Richard Branson The P.T. Barnum of British Business|year=2008|access-date=23 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817003928/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197616|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It also won praise for exposing the public to such lesser known avant-garde music as [[Faust (band)|Faust]] and [[Can (band)|Can]]. Virgin Records also introduced [[Culture Club]] to the music world.<br />
<br />
Branson's net worth was estimated at £5&nbsp;million by 1979, and a year later, Virgin Records went international.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}<br />
<br />
=== 1981–1987: Package holiday industries and Virgin Atlantic Airways success ===<br />
[[File:Virgin Atlantic A340-600 (G-VWEB) arrives London Heathrow 7Jun2015 arp.jpg|thumb|[[Virgin Atlantic]] [[Airbus A340]] approaching [[Heathrow Airport|London Heathrow]] in June 2015]]<br />
Branson's first successful entry into the airline industry was during a trip to Puerto Rico. His flight was cancelled, so he decided to charter his own plane the rest of the way and offered a ride to the rest of the stranded passengers for a small fee to cover the cost.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-entrepreneur-visionary-2011-5/|title=Richard Branson: How a Cancelled Flight Led to the World's Greatest Travel Empire|last=Zeveloff|first=J|date=May 2011|access-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204170124/http://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-entrepreneur-visionary-2011-5|archive-date=4 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1982, Virgin purchased the gay nightclub [[Heaven (nightclub)|Heaven]]. In 1991, in a consortium with [[David Frost]], Branson made an unsuccessful bid for three [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] franchises under the [[CPV-TV]] name. The early 1980s also saw his only attempt as a producer—on the novelty record "[[Baa, Baa, Black Sheep]]", by Singing Sheep in association with Doug McLean and Grace McDonald. The recording was a series of sheep baa-ing along to a drum-machine-produced track and reached number 42 in the UK charts in 1982.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epnofny.com/epnmag/blog/2012/12/02/entrepreneur-guru-sir-richard-branson/ |title=Entrepreneur Guru Sir Richard Branson |publisher=EPN |date=2 December 2012 |access-date=22 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024148/http://epnofny.com/epnmag/blog/2012/12/02/entrepreneur-guru-sir-richard-branson/ |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson formed [[Virgin Atlantic]] and Virgin Cargo in 1984. He formed [[Virgin Holidays]] in 1985.<br />
<br />
=== 1988–2000: Telecoms ventures, railways, and worldwide impact ===<br />
[[File:Lichfield Trent Valley railway station MMB 05 390XXX.jpg|thumb|[[Virgin Trains West Coast]] [[British Rail Class 390|Class 390 ''Pendolino'']] at [[Lichfield Trent Valley railway station|Lichfield]] in August 2011]]<br />
In 1992, to keep his airline company afloat, Branson sold the Virgin label to [[EMI]] for £500&nbsp;million.<ref name="bbcprofile">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3693588.stm|title=Profile: Richard Branson|date=27 September 2004|access-date=3 May 2010|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201185905/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3693588.stm|archive-date=1 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Branson said that he wept when the sale was completed because the record business had been the very start of the Virgin empire. He created [[V2 Records]] in 1996 to re-enter the music business, owning 5% himself.<ref name="solarnav">{{cite web|url=http://www.solarnavigator.net/sponsorship/richard_branson.htm|title=Richard Branson and Virgin-Probably Britains best known Entrepreneur|publisher=Solar Navigator.net|access-date=3 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328062442/http://www.solarnavigator.net/sponsorship/richard_branson.htm|archive-date=28 March 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Virgin also acquired European [[short-haul]] airline Euro Belgian Airlines and renamed it [[Virgin Express]]. In 1997, Branson took what many saw as being one of his riskier business exploits by entering into the railway business during the [[privatisation of British Rail]] in the late 1990s. [[Virgin Rail Group]] won the [[Virgin CrossCountry|InterCity CrossCountry]] and [[InterCity West Coast]] franchises, beginning operations in January and March 1997 respectively.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/virgin-to-run-crosscountry-trains-1352306.html "Virgin to run CrossCountry trains"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055841/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/virgin-to-run-crosscountry-trains-1352306.html |date=7 November 2017 }} ''The Independent'' 14 November 1996</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/virgin-pledges-tilt-trains-for-west-coast-1286084.html "Virgin pledges tilt trains for West Coast"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820034655/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/virgin-pledges-tilt-trains-for-west-coast-1286084.html |date=20 August 2017 }} ''The Independent'' 31 January 1997</ref> Both franchises were scheduled to run for 15 years.<ref>Branson's Virgin Group wins CrossCountry Trains for 15 years ''[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]'' issue 294 18 December 1996, p. 6</ref><ref>Virgin to tackle IC West Coast ''[[Rail Business Intelligence|Rail Privatisation News]]'' issue 48, 20 February 1997, p. 1</ref><br />
<br />
A series of disputes in the early 1990s caused tension between Virgin Atlantic and [[British Airways]], which viewed Virgin as an emerging competitor. Virgin subsequently accused British Airways of poaching its passengers, [[hacker (computer security)|hacking]] its computers, and leaking stories to the press that portrayed Virgin negatively. After the so-called campaign of [[Dirty Tricks (British Airways scandal)|"dirty tricks"]], British Airways settled the case, giving £500,000 to Branson, a further £110,000 to his airline, and had to pay legal fees of up to £3&nbsp;million. Branson distributed his compensation (the so-called "BA bonus") among his staff.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/aug/02/theairlineindustry.britishairways|title=Row over dirty tricks led to decade of hostilities|author=Lee Glendinning|date=2 August 2007|work=The Guardian|access-date=31 August 2011|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831222332/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/aug/02/theairlineindustry.britishairways|archive-date=31 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson launched [[Virgin Mobile]] in 1999, and airline [[Virgin Australia|Virgin Blue]] in Australia in 2000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130102000006/http://www.virginaustralia.com/au/en/about-us/media/2000/D_019608/ Virgin Blue To Fly The Aussie Skies] Virgin Blue 5 February 2000</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2001–2007: Entry into space travel and Virgin Media ===<br />
On 25 September 2004, Branson announced the signing of a deal under which a new [[space tourism]] company, [[Virgin Galactic]], will license the technology behind [[SpaceShipOne]]—funded by [[Microsoft]] co-founder [[Paul Allen]] and designed by aeronautical engineer [[Burt Rutan]]—to take paying passengers into [[suborbital]] [[outer space]]. Virgin Galactic plans to make flights available to the public with tickets priced at US$200,000 using the [[Scaled Composites White Knight Two]].<ref name=sn20131111><br />
{{cite news |last=Klotz|first=Irene |title=Profile : Sir Richard Branson, Founder, Virgin Galactic |url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/features/38109profile-sir-richard-branson-founder-virgin-galactic |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131127123945/http://www.spacenews.com/article/features/38109profile-sir-richard-branson-founder-virgin-galactic |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2013 |access-date=27 November 2013 |newspaper=Space News |date=11 November 2013 }}</ref> The spacecraft, [[SpaceShipTwo]], is manufactured by [[The Spaceship Company]], which was founded by Branson and Rutan and is now solely owned by Virgin Galactic. In 2013, Branson said that he planned to take his two children, 31-year-old Holly and 28-year-old Sam, on a trip to outer space when they ride the SpaceShipTwo rocket plane on its first public flight, then planned for 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=Boyle|first=Alan|title=First family of space: Richard Branson and kids will blaze new trail|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/science/first-family-space-richard-branson-kids-will-blaze-new-trail-8C11566225|work=NBC News|access-date=4 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203203834/http://www.nbcnews.com/science/first-family-space-richard-branson-kids-will-blaze-new-trail-8C11566225|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> As part of his promotion of the firm, Branson has added a variation of the Virgin Galactic livery to his personal business jet, the [[Dassault Falcon 900EX]] "Galactic Girl" (G-GALX).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://gadling.com/2008/08/04/sir-richard-bransons-private-jet/ |title= Sir Richard Branson's Private Jet |date= 4 August 2008 |author= Grant Martin |publisher= Gadling |access-date= 10 December 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151211093429/http://gadling.com/2008/08/04/sir-richard-bransons-private-jet/ |archive-date= 11 December 2015 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Windows Seat |url= http://www.traveldaily.com.au/photos/window-seat-2/194910 |date= 29 January 2011 |work= Window Seat |access-date= 10 December 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151211112204/http://www.traveldaily.com.au/photos/window-seat-2/194910 |archive-date= 11 December 2015 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
He was ninth in [[Sunday Times Rich List|''The Sunday Times'' Rich List 2006]] of the wealthiest people or families in the UK, worth slightly more than £3&nbsp;billion. Branson wrote in his autobiography of the decision to start an airline.<br />
<br />
{{quote|My interest in life comes from setting myself huge, apparently unachievable challenges and trying to rise above them ... from the perspective of wanting to live life to the full, I felt that I had to attempt it.|sign=|source=}}<br />
<br />
In 2006, the airline was merged with [[SN Brussels Airlines]] forming [[Brussels Airlines]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/virgin-express-creates-brussels-airline-566542.html|title=Virgin Express creates Brussels airline|date=17 March 2004|work=The Independent|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504233912/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/virgin-express-creates-brussels-airline-566542.html|archive-date=4 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It also started a national airline based in Nigeria, called [[Virgin Nigeria]], which ceased operations in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8089858.stm|title=Virgin to sell Nigerian airline|date=8 June 2009|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> Another airline, [[Virgin America]], began flying out of [[San Francisco International Airport]] in August 2007.<br />
<br />
Branson's next venture with the Virgin group was [[Virgin Fuels]], which was set up to respond to [[global warming]] and exploit the recent spike in fuel costs by offering a revolutionary, cheaper fuel for automobiles and, in the near future, aircraft. Branson has stated that he was formerly a [[Climate change denial|global warming sceptic]] and was influenced in his decision by a breakfast meeting with [[Al Gore]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=2477400 |title=Breakfast With Al Gore Persuades Branson to Pledge Billions to Global Warming |work=ABC News |date=22 September 2006 |access-date=14 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021033349/https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=2477400 |archive-date=21 October 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 21 September 2006, Branson pledged to invest the profits of Virgin Atlantic and Virgin Trains in research for environmentally-friendly fuels. The investment is estimated to be worth $3&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=1&subID=770 | title=Come fly with me, come give it away | access-date=23 September 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229152134/http://www.theweek.co.uk/index.php?menuID=1&subID=770 | archive-date=29 February 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://renewableenergyaccess.com/rea/news/story?id=46071<br />
|title = Virgin Group to Invest $3&nbsp;Billion in Renewable Energy<br />
|access-date = 12 October 2006<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120203043509/http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/home<br />
|archive-date = 3 February 2012<br />
|df = dmy-all<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 4 July 2006, Branson sold his [[Virgin Mobile]] company to UK cable TV, broadband, and telephone company NTL:Telewest for £900million. A new company was launched with much fanfare and publicity on 8 February 2007, under the name [[Virgin Media]]. The decision to merge his Virgin Media Company with NTL was to integrate both companies' compatible parts of commerce. Branson used to own three-quarters of Virgin Mobile, whereas now he gets paid £8.5million each year for the use of the Virgin brand name. He does not own any part of Virgin Media.<ref name="Perry">{{Cite news| last = Fryer| first = Pat| title = Uma Thurman to promote Virgin Media| publisher = earthtimes.org| date = 23 January 2007| url = http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/23001.html| access-date = 2 February 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071010095924/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/23001.html| archive-date = 10 October 2007| url-status=live| df = dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2006, Branson formed [[Virgin Comics]] and Virgin Animation, an entertainment company focused on creating new stories and characters for a global audience. The company was founded with author [[Deepak Chopra]], filmmaker [[Shekhar Kapur]], and entrepreneurs [[Sharad Devarajan]] and [[Gotham Chopra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jan/07/pressandpublishing.virginrichardbranson|title=Branson launches Virgin Comics with India appeal|last=Teather|first=David|date=7 January 2006|website=The Guardian|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505070503/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jan/07/pressandpublishing.virginrichardbranson|archive-date=5 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Branson also launched the [[Virgin Health Bank]] on 1 February 2007, offering parents-to-be the opportunity to store their baby's [[umbilical cord]] blood [[stem cells]] in private and public stem-cell banks.<br />
In June 2006, a tip-off from Virgin Atlantic led both UK and US competition authorities to investigate price-fixing attempts between Virgin Atlantic and British Airways. In August 2007, British Airways was fined £271&nbsp;million over the allegations. Virgin Atlantic was given immunity for tipping off the authorities and received no fine—a controversial decision the Office of Fair Trading defended as being in the public interest.<ref>{{cite news |author=Ruth Sunderland |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/airlines/story/0,,2141647,00.html |title=OFT defends 'snitch' policy |date=5 August 2007|access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Alberto Hazan and Richard Branson 2007.jpg|thumb|right|Branson with Alberto Hazan in June 2007 helping launch [[Virgin Radio Italia]]]]<br />
On 9 February 2007, Branson announced the setting up of a new global science and technology prize—The [[Virgin Earth Challenge]]—in the belief that history has shown that prizes of this nature encourage technological advancements for the good of mankind. The Virgin Earth Challenge was to award $25&nbsp;million to the individual or group who are able to demonstrate a commercially viable design that will result in the net removal of anthropogenic, atmospheric greenhouse gases each year for at least ten years without countervailing harmful effects. This removal must have long-term effects and contribute materially to the stability of the Earth's climate. Branson also announced that he would be joined in the adjudication of the prize by a panel of five judges, all world authorities in their respective fields: [[Al Gore]], [[Sir Crispin Tickell]], [[Tim Flannery]], [[James E. Hansen]], and [[James Lovelock]].<br />
<br />
In July 2007, Branson purchased his Australian home, [[Makepeace Island]], in [[Noosa]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sir Richard Branson's paradise island|url=http://www.cnngo.com/sydney/visit/richard-bransons-paradise-island-rent-269659|publisher=CNN|date=20 July 2011|access-date=23 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615192531/http://www.cnngo.com/sydney/visit/richard-bransons-paradise-island-rent-269659|archive-date=15 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2007, Branson announced that he bought a 20-percent stake in Malaysia's [[AirAsia X]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2813816/Virgin-Group-buys-AirAsia-X-stake.html | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London | title=Virgin Group buys AirAsia X stake | first=Emma | last=Thelwell | date=10 August 2007 | access-date=22 May 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519152533/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2813816/Virgin-Group-buys-AirAsia-X-stake.html | archive-date=19 May 2010 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 October 2007, Branson's Virgin Group sought to add [[Northern Rock]] to its empire after submitting an offer that would result in Branson personally owning 30% of the company and changing the company's name from Northern Rock to [[Virgin Money]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Teather|first1=David|last2=Finch|first2=Julia|last3=Wearden|first3=Graeme|url=http://money.guardian.co.uk/news_/story/0,,2190411,00.html|title=Branson dangles offer for Northern Rock|work=The Guardian|date=13 October 2007|access-date=14 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119121420/http://money.guardian.co.uk/news_/story/0,,2190411,00.html|archive-date=19 January 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ran a campaign against his bid; [[Vince Cable]], financial spokesperson for the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]], suggested in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] that Branson's criminal conviction for tax evasion might be felt by some as a good enough reason not to trust him with public money.<ref>{{cite news |author=Phillip Inman |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/dec/13/northernrock.creditcrunch |title=Northern Rock bidder threatens to pull out unless takeover date set, Business |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=12 December 2007 |access-date=14 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220210351/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/dec/13/northernrock.creditcrunch |archive-date=20 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2008–2019: Hotels, healthcare and charitable influence ===<br />
On 10 January 2008, [[Virgin Care|Virgin Healthcare]] announced that it would open a chain of health care clinics that would offer conventional medical care alongside homeopathic and complementary therapies, a development that was welcomed by [[Ben Bradshaw]], the UK's health minister.<ref>{{cite web |last1= Barker |first1= Alex |last2= Timmins |first2= Nick |date= 10 January 2008 |title= Branson launches healthcare business |url= http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7f5d8f32-bfa0-11dc-8052-0000779fd2ac.html |work= [[Financial Times]] |access-date= 7 April 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120718190945/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7f5d8f32-bfa0-11dc-8052-0000779fd2ac.html |archive-date= 18 July 2012 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
Plans where GPs could be paid for referring [[National Health Service]] (NHS) patients to private Virgin services were abandoned in June 2008. The BMA warned the plan would "damage clinical objectivity", there would be a financial incentive for GPs to push patients toward the Virgin services at the centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.healthcarerepublic.com/news/829970 |title=Virgin amends its profit plans |publisher=/ Healthcare Republic |date=11 July 2008 |access-date=14 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116210526/http://www.healthcarerepublic.com/news/829970 |archive-date=16 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Plans to take over an NHS Practice in Swindon were abandoned in late September 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nursinginpractice.com/default.asp?title=VirgindropsGPpracticeplans&page=article.display&article.id=13581 |title=Virgin drops GP practice plans |publisher=Nursing in Practice |date=22 September 2008 |access-date=14 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615035946/http://www.nursinginpractice.com/default.asp?title=VirgindropsGPpracticeplans&page=article.display&article.id=13581 |archive-date=15 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:RichardBransonBoardVAOCApr09.jpg|thumb|left|Branson in April 2009 at the launch of Virgin America in [[Orange County, California]]]]<br />
In February 2009, Branson's Virgin organisation was reported as bidding to buy the former [[Honda in Formula One|Honda Formula One]] team. Branson later stated an interest in [[Formula One]], but claimed that, before the Virgin brand became involved with Honda or any other team, Formula One would have to develop a more economically efficient and environmentally responsible image. At the start of the [[2009 Formula One World Championship|2009 Formula One season]] on 28 March, it was announced that Virgin would be sponsoring the new [[Brawn GP]] team,<ref>[http://www.crash.net/f1/News/144459/1/bransons_virgin_group_to_sponsor_brawn_gp.html Branson's Virgin Group to sponsor Brawn GP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712044915/http://www.crash.net/f1/News/144459/1/bransons_virgin_group_to_sponsor_brawn_gp.html |date=12 July 2013 }}, www.crash.net</ref> with discussions also under way about introducing a less "dirty" fuel in the medium term.<ref>[http://bleacherreport.com/articles/146360-virgin-become-brawn-gps-title-sponsor Virgin Become Brawn Gp's Title Sponsor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627141900/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/146360-virgin-become-brawn-gps-title-sponsor |date=27 June 2012 }}, Bleacher Report</ref> After the end of the season and the subsequent purchase of Brawn GP by [[Mercedes-Benz]], Branson invested in an 80% buyout of Manor Grand Prix,<ref name="F1News">{{cite web |url=http://formula-1.updatesport.com/news/article/1244801351/formula_one/F1headlines/FIA-release-2010-entry-list/view.html |title=UpdateF1 >> Formula 1 News > FIA release 2010 entry list |publisher=Formula-1.updatesport.com |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=1 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728053711/http://formula-1.updatesport.com/news/article/1244801351/formula_one/F1headlines/FIA-release-2010-entry-list/view.html |archive-date=28 July 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/76653 |title=Virgin set for Manor GP move |work=Autosport |access-date=14 September 2010 |date=3 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513202037/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/76653 |archive-date=13 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> with the team being renamed [[Virgin Racing]].<br />
<br />
In 2010, [[Virgin Hotels]] was launched under the Virgin Group. In February 2018, Branson announced the first Virgin hotel in the UK would open in Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/richard-branson-chooses-edinburgh-for-first-uk-virgin-hotel-1-4679167|title=Richard Branson chooses Edinburgh for first UK Virgin hotel|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620101302/https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/richard-branson-chooses-edinburgh-for-first-uk-virgin-hotel-1-4679167|archive-date=20 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson and [[Tony Fernandes]], owner of [[Air Asia]] and [[Lotus F1 Racing]], had a bet for the [[2010 Formula One World Championship|2010 F1 season]] where the losing team's boss should work on the winner's airline during a charity flight dressed as a stewardess. Fernandes escaped as the bet winner, as Lotus Racing ended tenth in the championship, while Virgin Racing ended twelfth and last. Branson kept his word after losing the bet, as he served his duty as a stewardess on an [[Air Asia]] flight between [[Perth Airport|Perth]] and [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur]] on 12 May 2013.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-22499827 Virgin's Sir Richard Branson turns stewardess after losing bet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420045502/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-22499827 |date=20 April 2017 }}, BBC News</ref><br />
[[File:5.3.10RichardBransonByDavidShankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Branson at the [[Time (magazine)|Time 100 Gala]] in May 2010. Known for his informal dress code,<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] (2003), [[Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew]]. [[Palgrave Macmillan]]. {{ISBN|978-1403917232|978-1403938695}} [http://www.palgrave.com/br/book/9781403917232] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412005718/https://www.palgrave.com/br/book/9781403917232 |date=12 April 2019 }}: "Richard Branson prefers jumpers to suits". p. 110</ref> this was a rare occasion he didn't wear an open shirt.]]<br />
In 2010, Branson became patron of the UK's [[Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning|Gordon Bennett]] 2010 gas balloon race, which has 16 hydrogen balloons flying across Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gordonbennett2010.com |title=Welcome!, 54th Coupe Aéronautique Gordon Bennett 2010 Official Site |publisher=Gordonbennett2010.com |access-date=14 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002183128/http://www.gordonbennett2010.com |archive-date=2 October 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2012, Virgin Care commenced a five-year contract for provision of a range of health services which had previously been under the aegis of NHS Surrey, the local primary care trust.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/9176733/NHS-patients-to-be-treated-by-Virgin-Care-in-500m-deal.html|title=NHS patients to be treated by Virgin Care in £500m deal|date=30 March 2012|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403025122/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/9176733/NHS-patients-to-be-treated-by-Virgin-Care-in-500m-deal.html|archive-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> By March 2015, Virgin Care was in charge of over 230 services nationwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Services/Trusts/Overview/DefaultView.aspx?id=89552|title=Overview – Virgin Care Ltd – NHS Choices|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133545/http://www.nhs.uk/Services/Trusts/Overview/DefaultView.aspx?id=89552|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2012, Branson announced plans to build an [[orbital space launch]] [[Air launch to orbit|system]], designated [[LauncherOne]].<ref name=bbc20120711><br />
{{cite news |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |title=Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic to launch small satellites |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18801180 |access-date=13 July 2012 |work=BBC News|date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713034917/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18801180 |archive-date=13 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
Four [[private spaceflight|commercial]] customers have already contracted for launches and two companies are developing standardised [[satellite bus]]es optimised to the design of LauncherOne, in expectation of business opportunities created by the new ''smallsat'' launcher.<ref name=nsj20120711><br />
{{cite news |title=Virgin Galactic relaunches its smallsat launch business |url=http://www.newspacejournal.com/2012/07/11/virgin-galactic-relaunches-its-smallsat-launch-business/ |access-date=11 July 2012 |newspaper=NewSpace Journal |date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715235055/http://www.newspacejournal.com/2012/07/11/virgin-galactic-relaunches-its-smallsat-launch-business/ |archive-date=15 July 2012 |url-status=live }}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
In August 2012, when re-tendered the [[InterCity West Coast]] franchise was awarded to [[FirstGroup]] after a competitive tender process overseen by the [[Department for Transport]]. Branson had expressed his concerns about the tender process and questioned the validity of the business plan submitted by FirstGroup. When Virgin Rail lost the contract, Branson said he was convinced the civil servants had "got their maths wrong". In October, after an investigation into the bidding process, the deal was scrapped. The [[Secretary of State for Transport|Transport Secretary]] [[Patrick McLoughlin]] announced there were "significant technical flaws" in the process and mistakes had been made by transport staff. Virgin Rail continued to operate the West Coast line until 7 December 2019, when it was replaced by [[Avanti West Coast]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19809717|title=West Coast Main Line deal scrapped after contract flaws discovered|work=BBC News|date=3 October 2012|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319064711/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19809717|archive-date=19 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2014, Branson announced his investment in drone company [[3D Robotics]] stating, "It's amazing to see what a little flying object with a [[GoPro]] attached can do. Before they came along the alternative was an expensive helicopter and crew. I'm really excited about the potential 3D Robotics sees in drones. They can do a lot of good in the world, and I hope this affordable technology will give many more people the chance to see our beautiful planet from such a powerful perspective."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-invests-in-3d-robotics-2014-9|title=Richard Branson Explains Why He Just Invested in Drones|access-date=15 September 2014|work=Business Insider|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919012437/http://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-invests-in-3d-robotics-2014-9|archive-date=19 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2014, Branson launched the "Foodpreneur" food and drink-focused start-up competition. Winners were provided with mentorship from Branson, legal support, and brand counseling.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://startups.co.uk/winners-of-richard-bransons-foodpreneur-competition-announced/|title=Winners of Richard Branson's "Foodpreneur" competition announced|access-date=5 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075246/https://startups.co.uk/winners-of-richard-bransons-foodpreneur-competition-announced/|archive-date=6 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2014 winners included Proper Beans, Killer Tomato, Sweetpea Pantry and Sweet Virtues. In 2015, the competition expanded to the Virgin StartUp's Foodpreneur Festival. The 2015 winners were given the opportunity to pitch [[Target Corporation]] buyers. The 2015 winners included Pip & Nut, Double Dutch Drinks, Harry Bromptons, Cauli Rice and Mallow and Marsh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/richard-branson-announces-2015-foodpreneur-festival-winners|title=Virgin StartUp's Foodpreneur Festival whet the appetite of hundreds of food and drink entrepreneurs across the UK last Friday as the Festival brought them together for a series of insightful workshops and seminars from the industry's best and brightest|access-date=5 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075459/https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/richard-branson-announces-2015-foodpreneur-festival-winners|archive-date=6 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2015, [[Virgin Trains East Coast]] commenced operating the InterCity East Coast franchise; the company was a joint venture between Stagecoach (90%) and Virgin Group (10%).<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/more-seats-more-services-and-new-trains-for-east-coast-passengers More seats, more services and new trains for East Coast passengers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205053949/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/more-seats-more-services-and-new-trains-for-east-coast-passengers |date=5 December 2014 }} Department for Transport 27 November 2014</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-30222458 Stagecoach and Virgin win East Coast mainline rail franchise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128143803/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-30222458 |date=28 November 2014 }} ''BBC News'' 27 November 2014</ref> Due to the line performing below VTEC's expectations, it was announced in May 2018 that the contract would be terminated early by the government. VTEC ceased operating on 23 June 2018 and operations passed to a government-owned operator, [[London North Eastern Railway]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-44142258?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c9edzkwe7xrt/stagecoach&link_location=live-reporting-story|title=East Coast train line to be put into public control|date=2018-02-12|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-05-16|language=en-GB|archive-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114150417/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-44142258?intlink_from_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fc9edzkwe7xrt%2Fstagecoach&link_location=live-reporting-story|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2015, Branson announced the addition of Moskito Island to the Virgin Limited Edition portfolio. This resort, The Branson Estate on Moskito Island, offers 11 bedrooms for 22 guests.<ref>{{cite web|last1=McLennan|first1=Leah|title=Inside Richard Branson's new $66,000 a night luxury island hideaway|url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-ideas/best-of-travel/inside-richard-bransons-new-66000-a-night-luxury-island-hideaway/news-story/c2a9a1efd6633c2e63ea221de972e0c4|website=News.com.au|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117213406/http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-ideas/best-of-travel/inside-richard-bransons-new-66000-a-night-luxury-island-hideaway/news-story/c2a9a1efd6633c2e63ea221de972e0c4|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
[[File:MMRichardBranson.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Branson and [[Argentina]]'s President [[Mauricio Macri]], 22 January 2016]]<br />
In 2017, Virgin Group invested in [[Hyperloop One]], developing a strategic partnership between the two. Branson joined the board of directors,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2017/10/12/hyperloop-one-virgin-group-richard-branson/|title=Hyperloop One Is Now 'Virgin Hyperloop One' Thanks to Richard Branson's Investment|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=12 October 2017|access-date=31 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013012601/http://fortune.com/2017/10/12/hyperloop-one-virgin-group-richard-branson/|archive-date=13 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and in December 2017, became its chairman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hyperloop-one.com/blog/new-chairman-new-funding-new-speed-records|title=New Chairman, New Funding, & New Speed Records|website=Hyperloop One|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051021/https://hyperloop-one.com/blog/new-chairman-new-funding-new-speed-records|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The announced winner of the 2017 Virgin StartUp's Foodpreneur prize was [[The Snaffling Pig Co]]., which won a six-week rental space at Intu Lakeside, the retail center with the highest foot traffic in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/virgin-startup-reveals-virgin-foodpreneur-2017-winner|title=Virgin StartUp and Intu have named The Snaffling Pig Co as the winners of Virgin Foodpreneur 2017.|access-date=5 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075051/https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/virgin-startup-reveals-virgin-foodpreneur-2017-winner|archive-date=6 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In October 2017, Branson appeared on the Season 9 Premiere of ''[[Shark Tank]]'' as a guest investor,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/being-shark-day|title=Being a shark on shark day|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173829/https://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/being-shark-day|archive-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> where he invested in Locker Board,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://heavy.com/news/2017/10/locker-board-skateboards-shark-tank-products-episodes-new-season-premiere-9/|title=Locker Board on 'Shark Tank': A Look Inside the Skateboard that Fits in a Locker|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173830/https://heavy.com/news/2017/10/locker-board-skateboards-shark-tank-products-episodes-new-season-premiere-9/|archive-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> a sustainable line of [[skateboard]]s invented by 11-year-old, Carson Kropfl.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/302158|title=How an Actual Elevator Pitch Led This 12-Year-Old Entrepreneur to Appear on Shark Tank and Partner With Richard Branson|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173440/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/302158|archive-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Branson told the young business man that he reminded him of himself.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/portable-skateboard-for-your-locker-on-shark-tank-locker_us_59d4df98e4b08c2a000ddd39|title=Portable Skateboard for Your Locker on Shark Tank – Locker Board|first=Jeremy|last=Alexander|date=4 October 2017|access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref> Branson became the richest Shark to have appeared on the show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tellmenothing.com/2017/03/27/shark-tank-net-worth-all-sharks/|title=Shark Tank: Net Worth of All Sharks on the Show Till Date|website=Tell Me Nothing|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812081333/http://tellmenothing.com/2017/03/27/shark-tank-net-worth-all-sharks/|archive-date=12 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2018, Branson announced the acquisition of the [[Las Vegas]] based [[Hard Rock Cafe|Hard Rock Casino-Hotel]] with plans to re-brand the property under his [[Virgin Hotels]] business.<ref>{{cite news|title=Business Mogul Richard Branson Buys Las Vegas Casino-Hotel|url=https://www.casinoreviews.co.uk/news/casino/business-mogul-richard-branson-buys-las-vegas-casino-hotel.html|date=12 April 2018|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001220536/https://www.casinoreviews.co.uk/news/casino/business-mogul-richard-branson-buys-las-vegas-casino-hotel.html|archive-date=1 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Virgin Hotels Las Vegas]] opened on March 25, 2021.<br />
<br />
In May 2018, it was announced that he would become a partner in a private equity fund that will be co-managed by Metric Capital. The fund will seek out consumer goods firms to invest in.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43989709|title=Richard Branson to launch investment fund|date=3 May 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503224334/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-43989709|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/richard-branson-makes-his-first-move-into-private-equity-1.3482899|title=Richard Branson makes his first move into private equity|work=The Irish Times|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503173534/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/richard-branson-makes-his-first-move-into-private-equity-1.3482899|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2018, Branson took part in his fourth Virgin Strive Challenge, where he and a core team travelled more than 2,000&nbsp;km from [[Cagliari]] in [[Sardinia]] to the summit of [[Mont Blanc]] entirely under human and sail power. It was a gruelling month-long challenge where they hiked, biked and kayaked across Europe and had a near-miss on Mont Blanc when a rockfall rained down on them as they crossed the perilous [[Grand Couloir (Mont Blanc)|Gouter Couloir]]. They raised more than £1m for Holly and Sam Branson's charity Big Change, which supports young people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/sir-richard-branson-seconds-from-death-on-charity-mont-blanc-climb-11513576|title=Sir Richard Branson 'seconds from death' on charity Mont Blanc climb|publisher=Sky News|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029152028/https://news.sky.com/story/sir-richard-branson-seconds-from-death-on-charity-mont-blanc-climb-11513576|archive-date=29 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2019, Branson helped organise an international benefit concert, [[Venezuela Aid Live]], to bring worldwide attention to the [[Crisis in Venezuela|humanitarian crisis]] and raise funds for humanitarian aid. The concert took place on 22 February in [[Cúcuta]], Colombia, on the [[Colombia–Venezuela border|Venezuelan border]].<br />
<br />
=== 2020–present: COVID-19 pandemic difficulties and further space ambitions ===<br />
[[File:Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo "Unity" rollout 19Feb2016, FAITH hangar, Mojave, California.jpg|thumb|right|[[Virgin Galactic]]'s [[SpaceShipTwo]] [[VSS Unity|''Unity'']] in 2016]]<br />
In March 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] which saw a dramatic decline in international air travel of around 60% globally,<ref>{{Cite news|last=correspondent|first=Fiona Harvey Environment|date=19 May 2020|title=Lockdowns trigger dramatic fall in global carbon emissions|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/19/lockdowns-trigger-dramatic-fall-global-carbon-emissions|access-date=26 May 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Branson and Virgin attracted criticism by asking staff to take eight weeks' unpaid leave.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dawkins |first1=David |title=Bad Times For Billionaire Branson – Staff At Virgin Atlantic Asked To Take Unpaid Leave As Coronavirus Cripples Air Travel |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/03/16/bad-times-for-billionaire-bransonstaff-at-virgin-atlantic-asked-to-take-unpaid-leave-as-coronavirus-cripples-air-travel/#4d9f5cea58ef |access-date=21 March 2020 |work=Forbes |date=16 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321065553/https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/03/16/bad-times-for-billionaire-bransonstaff-at-virgin-atlantic-asked-to-take-unpaid-leave-as-coronavirus-cripples-air-travel/#4d9f5cea58ef |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to the global pandemic, Branson put his luxury [[Necker Island (British Virgin Islands)|Necker Island]] up as collateral for a commercial loan to save [[Virgin Atlantic]] from going bust.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Read|first=Simon|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52354865|title=Branson offers Caribbean island to secure bailout|date=20 April 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=20 April 2020|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420203612/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52354865|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Branson said: "Over the five decades I have been in business, this is the most challenging time we have ever faced... From a business perspective, the damage to many is unprecedented and the length of the disruption remains worryingly unknown."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-branson-warns-airlines-will-collapse-without-government-cash-11975836|title=Coronavirus: Sir Richard Branson offers tropical island home to secure Virgin rescue|work=Sky News|last=Sillars|first=James|date=21 April 2020|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> On 5 May 2020, it was announced that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the airline would lay off 3000 staff, reduce the fleet size to 35 by the summer of 2022, retire the [[Boeing 747-400]]s<ref>{{Cite web|title=Virgin Atlantic Leaving Gatwick, Retiring 747s|url=https://onemileatatime.com/virgin-atlantic-future/|date=2020-05-05|website=One Mile at a Time|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref> and would not resume operations from Gatwick following the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52542038|title=Virgin Atlantic to cut 3,000 jobs and quit Gatwick|date=5 May 2020|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 11 July 2021, Richard Branson took a flight with [[Beth Moses]], [[Sirisha Bandla]] and [[Colin Bennett (astronaut)|Colin Bennett]] and reached edge of [[Outer space|space]] (86 kilometers or 53 miles) on a Virgin Galatic spacecraft called [[VSS Unity|VSS ''Unity'']]. This made him the first billionaire founder of a space company to travel to the edge of space.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jackie Wattles|title=Everything you need to know about Richard Branson going to space|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/09/tech/richard-branson-virgin-galactic-space-flight-walkup-scn/index.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=CNN}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Failed business ventures ==<br />
Branson has been involved in a number of failed business ventures, such as [[Virgin Cola]], [[Virgin Cars]], Virgin Publishing, Virgin Clothing and <!-- A retailer selling bridal wear. -->Virgin Brides.<ref name="Bower2017">{{cite news|last=Bower|first=Tom|author-link=Tom Bower|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news-review/virgins-robinson-crusoe-is-desperate-to-be-adored-g3bg6qcr3|title=Virgin's Robinson Crusoe is desperate to be adored|work=The Sunday Times|date=12 February 2017|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212014630/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news-review/virgins-robinson-crusoe-is-desperate-to-be-adored-g3bg6qcr3|archive-date=12 February 2017|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/six-memorable-virgin-fails|title=Six memorable Virgin fails|first=Jack|last=Preston|date=18 January 2016|publisher=virgin.com|access-date=29 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130133738/https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/six-memorable-virgin-fails|archive-date=30 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Branson holds an optimistic view of failure. He has written: "I suppose the secret to bouncing back is not only to be unafraid of failures but to use them as motivational and learning tools... There's nothing wrong with making mistakes as long as you don't make the same ones over and over again."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Like a Virgin|last=Branson|first=Richard|publisher=Virgin Books|year=2013|isbn=978-0753519929|location=Great Britain|pages=62}}</ref><br />
<br />
==World record attempts==<br />
[[File:Virgin Atlantic Flyer.jpg|thumb|The capsule from the Virgin Atlantic Flyer balloon on display at the [[Imperial War Museum]], [[Duxford]], England]]<br />
[[File:Balloon crash Hawaii.jpg|thumb|A 1998 attempt at an around-the-world balloon flight by Branson, Fossett, and Lindstrand ends in the Pacific Ocean on 25 December 1998.]]<br />
Branson made several world record-breaking attempts after 1985, when in the spirit of the [[Blue Riband]] he attempted the fastest Atlantic Ocean crossing by [[ship]]. His first attempt in the Virgin Atlantic Challenger led to the boat capsizing in British waters and a rescue by RAF helicopter, which received wide media coverage. Some newspapers called for Branson to reimburse the government for the rescue cost. In 1986, in his Virgin Atlantic Challenger II, he beat the record by two hours with sailing expert Daniel McCarthy.<ref name=":0">McKenzie, Sheena (25 April 2013) "[http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/25/business/richard-branson-virgin-atlantic-challenger-ii/ Back to the future for Richard Branson's retro 80s speedboat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502001047/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/25/business/richard-branson-virgin-atlantic-challenger-ii/ |date=2 May 2014 }}". CNN. Retrieved 30 April 2014.</ref> A year later his [[hot air balloon]] Virgin Atlantic Flyer crossed the Atlantic.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-07-03/news/mn-1079_1_hot-air-balloon |title=Hot-Air Balloonists Crossing Atlantic Break Record |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=3 July 1987 |access-date=10 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195843/http://articles.latimes.com/1987-07-03/news/mn-1079_1_hot-air-balloon |archive-date=10 September 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 1991, Branson crossed the Pacific from Japan to [[Arctic Canada]], {{convert|6700|mi|km}}, in a balloon of {{convert|2600000|cuft|m3}}. This broke the record, with a speed of {{convert|145|mph|km/h}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-23-sp-638-story.html |last=Roberts |first=Rich |date=23 January 1991 |title=Floating into a Nightmare : Two Barely Survive 6,700-Mile Flight Across Pacific in 220-Foot Balloon |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007121239/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-23-sp-638-story.html |archive-date=7 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Between 1995 and 1998, Branson, [[Per Lindstrand]], [[Vladimir Dzhanibekov]], [[Larry Newman (aviator)|Larry Newman]], and [[Steve Fossett]] made attempts to circumnavigate the globe by balloon. In late 1998, they made a record-breaking flight from Morocco to Hawaii but were unable to complete a global flight before [[Bertrand Piccard]] and [[Brian Jones (aeronaut)|Brian Jones]] in ''[[Breitling Orbiter 3]]'' in March 1999.<br />
<br />
In March 2004, Branson set a record by travelling from [[Dover]] to [[Calais]] in a [[Gibbs Aquada]] in 1 hour, 40 minutes and 6 seconds, the fastest crossing of the [[English Channel]] in an [[amphibious vehicle]]. The previous record of six hours was set by two Frenchmen.<ref name="Rick">{{cite news| last = BBC News| title = Branson sets cross-Channel record|work=BBC News| date = 14 June 2004| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/coventry_warwickshire/3805275.stm| access-date = 13 June 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070831132114/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/coventry_warwickshire/3805275.stm| archive-date = 31 August 2007| url-status=live| df = dmy-all}}</ref><br />
The cast of ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]'', [[Jeremy Clarkson]], [[James May]] and [[Richard Hammond]], attempted to break this record in an amphibious vehicle which they had constructed and, while successfully crossing the channel, did not break Branson's record. After being intercepted by the Coast Guard and asked what their intentions were, Clarkson remarked "...our intentions are to go across the Channel faster than 'Beardy' Branson!". The Coast Guard wished them 'Good luck and Bon Voyage'.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVjo6YOT3Zg | title=Crossing the Channel in Car Boats! (HQ) – Top Gear – Series 10 – BBC | access-date=17 July 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723170802/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVjo6YOT3Zg | archive-date=23 July 2014 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2008, Branson and his children made an unsuccessful attempt at an eastbound record crossing of the Atlantic Ocean under sail in the {{convert|99|ft|m|adj=on}} [[sloop]] ''Virgin Money''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=158 |title=Richard Branson sets out to crack transatlantic sail record |publisher=meeja.com.au |date=3 September 2008 |access-date=3 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216184602/http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=158 |archive-date=16 February 2012 }}</ref> The boat, also known as ''Speedboat'', is owned by [[NYYC]] member Alex Jackson, who was a co-skipper on this passage, with Branson and Mike Sanderson. After two days, four hours, winds of [[Beaufort scale|force]] 7 to 9 (strong gale), and seas of {{convert|40|ft|m}}, a 'monster wave' destroyed the [[spinnaker]], washed a ten-man life raft overboard and severely ripped the mainsail. The sloop eventually continued to [[St. George's, Bermuda]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyyc.org/archives_public/|title=Virgin Money Is Attempting to Break Transatlantic Passage Record|publisher=nyyc.org|date=23 October 2008|access-date=23 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223022340/http://nyyc.org/archives_public/|archive-date=23 December 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Television, film and print==<br />
[[File:ETalk2008-Sir Richard Branson.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Branson at the [[2008 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
Branson has guest starred, usually playing himself, on several television shows, including ''[[Friends]]'', ''[[Baywatch]]'', ''[[Birds of a Feather (TV series)|Birds of a Feather]]'', ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]'', ''[[The Day Today]]'', a special episode of the comedy ''[[Goodness Gracious Me (BBC)|Goodness Gracious Me]]'' and ''[[Tripping Over]]''. Branson made several appearances during the 1990s on the [[BBC]] Saturday morning show ''[[Live & Kicking]]'', where he was referred to as 'the pickle man' by comedy act [[Trev and Simon]] (in reference to [[Branston Pickle]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saturdaymornings.co.uk/bbccatalogueprog.shtml?show=livekicking&number=LCKW533F |title=on |publisher=Saturdaymornings.co.uk |access-date=14 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104401/http://www.saturdaymornings.co.uk/bbccatalogueprog.shtml?show=livekicking&number=LCKW533F |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson also appears in a cameo early in [[XTC]]'s "Generals and Majors" video. He was also the star of a reality television show on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] called ''[[The Rebel Billionaire: Branson's Quest for the Best]]'' (2004), in which sixteen contestants were tested for their entrepreneurship and sense of adventure and only lasted one season.<ref name="Bower2017"/><br />
<br />
His high public profile often leaves him open as a figure of satire—the [[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]] series ''[[Zenith (comic)|Zenith]]'' features a parody of Branson as a [[super villain]], as the comic's publisher and favoured distributor and the Virgin group were in competition at the time. He is also caricatured in ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Monty Can't Buy Me Love]]" as the tycoon Arthur Fortune, as the ballooning [[Narcissistic personality disorder|megalomaniac]] Richard Chutney (a pun on Branson, as in [[Branston Pickle]]) in ''[[Believe Nothing]]'', and voiced himself in "[[The Princess Guide (The Simpsons)|The Princess Guide]]". The character Grandson Richard 39 in [[Terry Pratchett]]'s Wings is modelled on Branson.<br />
<br />
He has a [[cameo appearance]] in several films: ''[[Around the World in 80 Days (2004 film)|Around the World in 80 Days]]'' (2004), where he played a hot-air balloon operator, and ''[[Superman Returns]]'' (2006), where he was credited as a 'Shuttle Engineer' and appeared alongside his son, Sam, with a [[Virgin Galactic]]-style commercial suborbital shuttle at the centre of his storyline. He also has a cameo in the [[James Bond]] film ''[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]]'' (2006). Here, he is seen as a passenger going through [[Miami Airport]] security check-in and being frisked – several Virgin Atlantic planes appear soon after. British Airways edited out Branson's cameo in their in-flight screening of the movie.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6579839.stm |title=BA cuts Branson from Bond movie |work=BBC News|date=21 April 2007 |access-date=14 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110142152/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6579839.stm |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> He makes a number of brief and disjointed appearances in the documentary ''[[Derek and Clive Get the Horn]]'' (1979), which follows the exploits of [[Peter Cook]] and [[Dudley Moore]] recording their final comedy album. Branson and his mother were also featured in the documentary film ''Lemonade Stories''. On the TV series ''[[Rove (TV series)|Rove Live]]'' in early 2006, [[Rove McManus]] and Sir Richard pushed each other into a swimming pool fully clothed live on TV during a "Live at your house" episode.<br />
<br />
Branson is a ''[[Star Trek]]'' fan and named his new spaceship [[VSS Enterprise|VSS ''Enterprise'']] in honour of the ''Star Trek'' spaceships, and in 2006, reportedly offered actor [[William Shatner]] a ride on the inaugural space launch of Virgin Galactic. In an interview in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, published on 10 August 2009, Shatner claimed that Branson approached him asking how much he would pay for a ride on the spaceship. In response, Shatner asked "how much would you pay ''me'' to do it?"<br />
<br />
In August 2007, Branson announced on ''[[The Colbert Report]]'' that he had named a new aircraft Air Colbert. He later doused political satirist and talk show host [[Stephen Colbert]] with water from his mug. Branson subsequently took a retaliatory splash from Colbert. The interview quickly ended, with both laughing<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.comedycentral.com/motherload/index.jhtml?ml_video=91955<br />
|title=Colbert Report – Richard Branson<br />
|publisher=Comedy Central<br />
|date=26 May 2011<br />
|access-date=11 June 2011<br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226002957/http://www.comedycentral.com/motherload/index.jhtml?ml_video=91955<br />
|archive-date=26 December 2007<br />
|url-status=live<br />
}}<br />
</ref> as shown on the episode aired on [[Comedy Central]] on 22 August 2007. The interview was promoted on ''The Report'' as the ''Colbert-Branson Interview Trainwreck''. Branson then made a cameo appearance in ''[[The Soup]]'', playing an intern working under [[Joel McHale]] who had been warned against getting into water fights with Stephen Colbert, and being subsequently fired.<br />
<br />
In March 2008, he launched [[Virgin Mobile]] in India; during that period, he made a cameo appearance in [[Bollywood]] film ''[[London Dreams]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20080304-2.html |title=Neha Dhupia swept off her feet by Richard Branson : Bollywood News |publisher=ApunKaChoice.Com |date=4 March 2008 |access-date=14 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513211035/http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20080304-2.html |archive-date=13 May 2011 }}</ref> In July 2010, Branson narrated Australian sailor [[Jessica Watson]]'s documentary about her solo sailing trip around the world.<br />
<br />
In April 2011, Branson appeared on [[CNN]]'s Mainsail with [[Kate Winslet]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://edition.cnn.com/CNNI/Programs/main.sail | title=Show Pages – MainSail | date=31 May 2011 | access-date=25 April 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427092633/http://edition.cnn.com/CNNI/Programs/main.sail/ | archive-date=27 April 2011 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Together they re-enacted a famous scene from the 1997 film ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' for the cameras.<ref>{{cite web |author=TheHyperbot1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf9W7w_9T1U |title=Branson, Winslet – Titanic Scene |via=YouTube |date=22 April 2011 |access-date=11 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710001712/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf9W7w_9T1U |archive-date=10 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=YouTube is not an ideal source.|date=November 2018}} On 17 August 2011, he was featured in the premier episode of [[Hulu]]'s first long-form original production entitled, ''[[A Day in the Life (2011 TV series)|A Day in the Life]]''.<ref name=MSADITL>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/17/morgan-spurlock-a-day-in-the-life_n_929008.html|title=Morgan Spurlock 'A Day in the Life': Original Series Premieres on Hulu |format=video|access-date=8 September 2011|date=17 August 2011|work=[[HuffPost]]|first=Gazelle|last=Emami|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007194238/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/17/morgan-spurlock-a-day-in-the-life_n_929008.html|archive-date=7 October 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the 2012 [[Pride of Britain Awards]] on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] on 30 October, Branson, along with [[Michael Caine]], [[Elton John]], [[Simon Cowell]] and [[Stephen Fry]], recited [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s poem "[[If—]]" in tribute to the 2012 British [[Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic]] and [[Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Paralympics|Paralympics]] athletes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Britain's biggest stars record iconic poem 'If' as tribute to Olympic heroes|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/britains-biggest-stars-record-iconic-poem-tribute-olympic-111750818.html|publisher=Yahoo!|date=10 November 2014|access-date=22 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123055658/https://www.yahoo.com/news/britains-biggest-stars-record-iconic-poem-tribute-olympic-111750818.html|archive-date=23 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1998, Branson released his autobiography, titled ''[[Losing My Virginity]]'', an international best-seller.<ref><br />
{{cite web|url=http://www.bestsellersreviews.com/losing-my-virginity-how-ive-survived-had-fun-and-made-a-fortune-doing-business-my-way-richard-branson-1999|title=Losing My Virginity – How I've Survived, Had Fun, And Made a Fortune Doing Business My Way|date=3 July 2010|publisher=Bestsellersreviews.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707230308/http://www.bestsellersreviews.com/losing-my-virginity-how-ive-survived-had-fun-and-made-a-fortune-doing-business-my-way-richard-branson-1999|archive-date=7 July 2011|access-date=11 June 2011}}<br />
</ref> Branson was deeply saddened by the disappearance of fellow adventurer [[Steve Fossett]] in September 2007; the following month he wrote an article for [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]], titled "My Friend, Steve Fossett".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1670216,00.html|title=My Friend, Steve Fossett|last=Branson|first=Richard|date=10 October 2007|work=Time|access-date=14 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213205333/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1670216,00.html|archive-date=13 December 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Humanitarian initiatives==<br />
In the late 1990s, Branson and musician [[Peter Gabriel]] discussed with [[Nelson Mandela]] their idea of a small group of leaders working to solve difficult global conflicts.<ref name = prelders>[http://www.looktothestars.org/news/6353-help-free-the-children-with-richard-branson Help Free The Children With Richard Branson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831220741/http://www.looktothestars.org/news/6353-help-free-the-children-with-richard-branson |date=31 August 2011 }}, www.looktothestars.org</ref> On 18 July 2007, in [[Johannesburg]], South Africa, Mandela announced the formation of a new group, [[The Elders (organization)|The Elders]]. [[Kofi Annan]] served as Chair of The Elders and [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]] as Deputy Chair. The Elders is funded by a group of donors, including Branson and Gabriel.<br />
<br />
[[File:ICMEC Board.jpg|thumb|300px|Richard Branson with his mother Eve, and the board of directors of the [[International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children]], April 2014]]<br />
In 1999, Branson became a founding sponsor of the [[International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children]] ("ICMEC"), the goal of which is to help find missing children, and to stop the exploitation of children, as his mother Eve became a founding member of ICMEC's board of directors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icmec.org/missingkids/servlet/NewsEventServlet?LanguageCountry=en_X1&PageId=4888 |title=International Children's Organization Expands Global Reach With Four New Board Members |access-date=2 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029054446/http://www.icmec.org/missingkids/servlet/NewsEventServlet?LanguageCountry=en_X1&PageId=4888 |archive-date=29 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Eve Branson|title=Mum's the Word: The High-Flying Adventures of Eve Branson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdBNBdYKNC4C&pg=PA207|year=2013|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1477245811|page=207}}</ref><br />
<br />
Through the Carbon War Room, founded in 2009, the entrepreneur sought solutions for global warming and the energy crisis. "We all have a part to play, but I believe entrepreneurs will have a really significant role to play in bringing investment and commercial skills to help develop the new technologies needed to grow a post-carbon economy", he said in his interview with ''[[Vision (magazine)|Vision]]''. Through Carbon War Room initiative he has focused efforts on finding sustainable alternatives for three industry sectors: shipping, energy efficiency and aviation and renewable jet fuels.<ref name="vision.ae">{{cite web|url=http://vision.ae/focus/exclusive_interview_sir_richard_branson|title=Sir Richard Branson interview – Vision Magazine|access-date=2 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527110825/http://vision.ae/focus/exclusive_interview_sir_richard_branson|archive-date=27 May 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
He also launched Virgin Startup, an official delivery partner for the UK's Start Up Loans programme. Through this new organisation, he provided loans to entrepreneurs between the ages of 18 and 30 UK-wide. A pilot of the scheme, which ran over 11 months, injected £600,000 into 100 businesses.<ref name="vision.ae"/><br />
<br />
Branson's other work in South Africa includes the [[Branson School of Entrepreneurship]], set up in 2005 as a partnership between [[Virgin Unite]], the non-profit foundation of Virgin, and entrepreneur [[Taddy Blecher]], the founder of [[CIDA City Campus]], a university in [[Johannesburg]]. The school aims to improve economic growth in South Africa by supporting start-ups and micro-enterprises with skills, mentors, services, networks and finance arrangements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virginunite.com/Templates/News.aspx?nid=96e9b78a-cc3b-4c6e-b4e4-bc0ba18184c1&cid=f010e54f-209d-4736-8586-0a24ae2f35b2&id=85b159fd-d3cd-482f-b2a4-fd47945eb87a/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205141252/http://www.virginunite.com/Templates/News.aspx?nid=96e9b78a-cc3b-4c6e-b4e4-bc0ba18184c1&cid=f010e54f-209d-4736-8586-0a24ae2f35b2&id=85b159fd-d3cd-482f-b2a4-fd47945eb87a/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2013 |title=Virgin Unite |publisher=Virgin Unite |access-date=14 September 2010 }}</ref><ref name="Telegraph 2009">{{cite news|last1=Ruddick|first1=Graham|title=Sir Richard Branson teaches African entrepreneurs Dragons' Den-style|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/supportservices/5906838/Sir-Richard-Branson-teaches-African-entrepreneurs-Dragons-Den-style.html|access-date=3 July 2014|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=25 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228012455/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/supportservices/5906838/Sir-Richard-Branson-teaches-African-entrepreneurs-Dragons-Den-style.html|archive-date=28 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Fundraising activity to support the school is achieved by [[Sunday Times Fast Track 100|''The Sunday Times'' Fast Track 100]], sponsored by [[Virgin Group]], at its yearly event, where places to join Richard Branson on trips to South Africa to provide coaching and mentoring to students are auctioned to attendees. In 2009, Jason Luckhurst and Boyd Kershaw of Practicus, Martin Ainscough of the Ainscough Group and Matthew Riley of Daisy Communications helped raise £150,000 through the auction.<ref>[http://www.athletepromotions.com/celebrity/Richard-Branson-appearance-booking-agent.php Richard Branson appearances booking agent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124073633/http://www.athletepromotions.com/celebrity/Richard-Branson-appearance-booking-agent.php |date=24 November 2011 }}, www.athletepromotions.com</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2008, Branson hosted an environmental gathering at his private island, [[Necker Island (British Virgin Islands)|Necker Island]], in the Caribbean with several prominent entrepreneurs, celebrities, and world leaders. They discussed global warming-related problems facing the world, hoping that the meeting would be a precursor to future discussions regarding similar problems. Former British Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]], Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]], and [[Larry Page]] of Google were in attendance.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/22/business/worldbusiness/22deal.html "Thinking Green While Sifting Through the Sand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327012423/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/22/business/worldbusiness/22deal.html |date=27 March 2017 }} ''The New York Times'' article published 22 March 2008</ref><br />
<br />
On 8 May 2009, Branson took over [[Mia Farrow]]'s [[hunger strike]] for three days in protest of the Sudanese government expulsion of aid groups from the [[Darfur]] region.<ref>{{cite press release| title= Farrow ends Darfur protest fast| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8041777.stm| publisher= BBC| date= 9 May 2009| access-date= 4 January 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090516061007/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8041777.stm| archive-date= 16 May 2009| url-status=live| df= dmy-all}}</ref> In 2010, he and the Nduna Foundation (founded by [[Amy Robbins (philanthropist)|Amy Robbins]]), and Humanity United (an organization backed by Pam Omidyar, the wife of [[eBay]] founder [[Pierre Omidyar]]) founded Enterprise Zimbabwe.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/business/global/21branson.html?_r=0 New York Times: "Branson Charity Focuses Aid Effort on Zimbabwe" By Stephanie Strom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909010314/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/business/global/21branson.html|date=9 September 2017 }} 20 September 2010</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Richard Branson UN Conference on Sustainable Development 2012.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Branson at the [[United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development]] in 2012]]<br />
Branson is a signatory of [[Global Zero (campaign)|Global Zero]] campaign, a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|title=Group Offers Plan to Eliminate Nukes by 2030 |url=http://www.globalzero.org/files/pdf/NYT_Jun29_09_AP_Syndicated.pdf |work=The New York Times |date=29 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513205939/http://www.globalzero.org/files/pdf/NYT_Jun29_09_AP_Syndicated.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2011 }}</ref> Since its launch in Paris in December 2008,<ref>{{cite news|last=Corera|first=Gordon|title=Group seeks nuclear weapons ban|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7774584.stm|publisher=BBC|date=10 December 2008|access-date=30 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728005425/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7774584.stm|archive-date=28 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Global Zero has grown to 300 leaders, including current and former heads of state, national security officials and military commanders, and 400,000 citizens worldwide; developed a practical step-by-step plan to eliminate nuclear weapons; launched an international student campaign with 75 campus chapters in eight countries; and produced a documentary film, ''[[Countdown to Zero]]'', in partnership with [[Lawrence Bender]] and [[Participant Media]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Clift|first=Eleanor|title=A Good Start: 'Global Zero' reminds us that eradicating nuclear weapons should still be our ultimate goal|url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/236133|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=30 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413113211/http://www.newsweek.com/id/236133|archive-date=13 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Since 2010, Branson has served as a Commissioner on the [[Broadband Commission for Digital Development]], a UN initiative which promotes universal access to broadband services.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.broadbandcommission.org/commissioners.html <br />
|title=Commissioners <br />
|publisher=Broadbandcommission.org <br />
|access-date=11 June 2011 |url-status=dead <br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514094219/http://www.broadbandcommission.org/commissioners.html <br />
|archive-date=14 May 2010 }}</ref> In 2011, Branson served on the [[Global Commission on Drug Policy]] with former political and cultural leaders of Latin America and elsewhere, "in a bid to boost the effort to achieve more humane and rational drug laws."<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
|url=http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/2011/jan/26/exworld_leaders_form_global_drug<br />
|title=Ex-World Leaders Form Global Drug Policy Commission<br />
|last=Smith<br />
|first=Phillip<br />
|publisher=stopthedrugwar.org<br />
|date=27 January 2011<br />
|access-date=12 July 2011<br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629173534/http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/2011/jan/26/exworld_leaders_form_global_drug<br />
|archive-date=29 June 2011<br />
|url-status=live<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
In December 2013, Branson urged companies to boycott [[Uganda]] because of its "anti-homosexuality bill". Branson stated that it would be "against my conscience to support this country...governments must realize that people should be able to love whoever they want."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/131226/richard-branson-condemns-uganda-over-anti-gay-bill |title=Richard Branson condemns Uganda over anti-gay bill |work=Global Post |date=26 December 2013 |access-date=4 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105012712/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/131226/richard-branson-condemns-uganda-over-anti-gay-bill |archive-date=5 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2014, Branson joined forces with [[African Wildlife Foundation]] and partner WildAid for the "Say No" Campaign, an initiative to bring public awareness to the issues of wildlife poaching and trafficking.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.awf.org/projects/say-no-campaign | title=Say No Campaign | publisher=African Wildlife Foundation | access-date=8 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005202253/http://www.awf.org/projects/say-no-campaign | archive-date=5 October 2014 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson is an opponent of the death penalty, stating: "the death penalty is always cruel, barbaric and inhumane. It has no place in the world."<ref>{{cite news|title=The death penalty has no place in the world|url=http://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/the-death-penalty-has-no-place-in-the-world-0|publisher=Virgin.com|date=30 September 2015|access-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001044657/http://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/the-death-penalty-has-no-place-in-the-world-0|archive-date=1 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The US is one of the few countries that practises the death penalty, and on 30 September 2015, Branson released a letter in support of American inmate [[Richard Glossip]] on the day he was due to be executed, buying an ad in ''[[The Oklahoman]]'' newspaper which had advocated the execution.<ref name="death penalty">{{cite news|title=Pope Francis and Sir Richard Branson appeal for Oklahoma inmate's life|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/sep/30/richard-glossip-oklahoma-execution|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=30 September 2015|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215100348/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/sep/30/richard-glossip-oklahoma-execution|archive-date=15 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Branson stated the evidence against Glossip was flawed and that "every person is deserving of a fair trial", adding: "Your state is about to execute a man whose guilt has not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt."<ref name="death penalty"/><br />
<br />
In October 2018, Branson spoke out for [[Jamal Khashoggi]], a Saudi journalist allegedly killed by Saudi authorities in the Saudi consulate in [[Istanbul]], Turkey by suspending his advisory role from [[Saudi Arabia]]'s biggest Red Sea tourism project. He issued a statement saying, "The disappearance of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, if proved true, would clearly change the ability of any of us in the West to do business with the [[Saudi Government]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/11/business/branson-saudi-khashoggi/index.html|title=Richard Branson temporarily suspends ties with Saudi government|publisher=CNN|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012010643/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/11/business/branson-saudi-khashoggi/index.html|archive-date=12 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 1 December 2020 [[Virgin Orbit]] launched [[Patti Grace Smith|The Patti Grace Smith]] Fellowship, designed to offer paid work experience and mentorship in the aerospace industry for 'extraordinary Black students.'<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patti Grace Smith Fellowship|url=https://www.pgsfellowship.org/|access-date=29 December 2020|website=Patti Grace Smith Fellowship|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Climate change pledge===<br />
[[File:Secretary Kerry Sits With Sir Richard Branson for a Discussion on Climate Change in Davos (24413230022).jpg|thumb|right|Branson discusses climate change with the [[United States Secretary of State]] [[John Kerry]] in 2016]]<br />
In 2006, Branson made a high-profile pledge to invest $3&nbsp;billion toward addressing [[global warming]] over the course of the following decade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5368194.stm |title=Branson makes $3bn climate pledge |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306215648/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5368194.stm |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/21/science/22warmcnd.html |title=Branson Pledges Billions to Fight Global Warming |website=The New York Times |access-date=29 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702141403/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/21/science/22warmcnd.html |archive-date=2 July 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, author and activist [[Naomi Klein]] has criticised Branson for contributing "well under $300&nbsp;million" as of 2014, far below the originally stated goal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/13/richard-branson-failed-climate-change-pledge |title=Richard Branson failed to deliver on $3bn climate change pledge |website=The Guardian |access-date=29 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074122/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/13/richard-branson-failed-climate-change-pledge |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, Klein says Virgin airlines' [[greenhouse gas emissions]] increased considerably in the years following his pledge.<ref>{{cite book |last=Klein |first=Naomi |author-link=Naomi Klein |date=2014 |title=This Changes Everything}}{{ISBN?}}{{Page needed|date=July 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
In the 1980s, Branson was briefly given the post of "litter Tsar" by [[Margaret Thatcher]]—charged with "keeping Britain tidy".<ref>{{Cite news |first=David |title=Britsaver – an accident waiting to happen. |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/columnists/article745236.ece |access-date=27 August 2007 |work=The Times |location=London |date=3 December 2005 |last=Byers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612162246/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/columnists/article745236.ece |archive-date=12 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Heintke |first=Martina |title=Sir Richard Branson |url=http://www.pointmade.co.uk/news_letters_6.htm |access-date=27 August 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070817055553/http://www.pointmade.co.uk/news_letters_6.htm |archive-date = 17 August 2007}}</ref> During the BBC Coverage of the [[1997 UK General Election]], Branson was interviewed at the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour party]] celebrations at the [[Royal Festival Hall]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoL_tT046tI|title=BBC 1997 General Election – Part One|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> In 2005, he declared that there were only negligible differences between the two main parties on economic matters.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/frontpage/4450641.stm | title=Labour and Tories same – Branson | access-date=23 September 2006 |work=BBC News| date=15 April 2005 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051121181918/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/frontpage/4450641.stm | archive-date=21 November 2005 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> He was suggested as a candidate for [[Mayor of London]] before the [[2000 London mayoral election|first 2000 election]], with polls indicating he would be a viable candidate, but he did not express interest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Do Blacks Need a New London Mayor? |url=http://www.thechronicle.demon.co.uk/archive/londmayo.htm |access-date=27 August 2007 |format= [https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=intitle%3ADo+Blacks+Need+a+New+London+Mayor%3F&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&btnG=Search Scholar search]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061003034349/http://www.thechronicle.demon.co.uk/archive/londmayo.htm |archive-date = 3 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Londoners snub politicians for mayor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/london_referendum/84708.stm |access-date=27 August 2007 |work=BBC News|date=28 April 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040720003108/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/london_referendum/84708.stm |archive-date=20 July 2004 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Who's in the running for mayor? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/london_referendum/73363.stm |access-date=27 August 2007 |work=BBC News|date=10 April 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070912175200/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/london_referendum/73363.stm |archive-date=12 September 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2015, Branson said that almost all drug use should be decriminalised in the UK, following [[Drug policy of Portugal|the example of Portugal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/03/uk-should-begin-decriminalising-drugs-richard-branson-nick-clegg|title=UK should begin decriminalising drugs, say Richard Branson and Nick Clegg|author=Patrick Wintour|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603010831/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/03/uk-should-begin-decriminalising-drugs-richard-branson-nick-clegg|archive-date=3 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson has supported continuing British membership of the [[European Union]] and was opposed to the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|2016 referendum]].<ref>Stadlen, Matthew. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/10406991/An-EU-vote-ridiculous.html "An EU vote? ridiculous"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123154401/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/10406991/An-EU-vote-ridiculous.html |date=23 November 2018 }}. ''The Telegraph''. 26 October 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</ref> On 28 June 2016, interviewed for ITV's ''[[Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)|Good Morning Britain]]'', he said that his company had lost a third of its value as a result of the referendum result and that a planned venture, employing over 3,000 people, which he had announced before the referendum, had been shelved. He gave his backing for a [[Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement|second referendum]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/video/2016/jun/28/richard-branson-virgin-group-lost-a-third-of-value-since-brexit-vote-video|title=Richard Branson: Virgin Group lost a third of value since Brexit vote |format= video|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 June 2016|access-date=28 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628161703/https://www.theguardian.com/business/video/2016/jun/28/richard-branson-virgin-group-lost-a-third-of-value-since-brexit-vote-video|archive-date=28 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Branson endorsed Democratic candidate [[Hillary Clinton]] in the run-up for the [[2016 US presidential election]].<ref>Branson, R. [https://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/i-want-entrepreneur-become-president-one-day-just-not-donald-trump Virgin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417180445/https://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/i-want-entrepreneur-become-president-one-day-just-not-donald-trump |date=17 April 2019 }} 14 October 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
==Honours and awards==<br />
[[File:Madame Tussaud - London (2326697247).jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Branson at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
* In 1992, Branson received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business}}</ref><br />
* In 1993, Branson was awarded an honorary degree of [[Doctor of Technology]] from [[Loughborough University]].<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.keynotes.org/speaker/RichardBranson| title=Keynote Speaker Videos on Trend Hunter| access-date=17 December 2015| publisher=keynotes.org| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222164253/http://www.keynotes.org/speaker/RichardBranson| archive-date=22 December 2015| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
* In the [[2000 New Year Honours|New Years Honours list]] dated 30 December 1999, [[Elizabeth II]] signified her intention to confer the honour of [[Knight Bachelor]] on him for his "services to entrepreneurship".<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/55710/supplements/1 Official announcement knighthood] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522155019/http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/55710/supplements/1 |date=22 May 2013 }}. ''[[The London Gazette]]''. 30 December 1999.</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/12/99/new_years_honours/584131.stm | title=New Years Honours | access-date=23 September 2006 |work=BBC News| date=31 December 1999 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113021546/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/12/99/new_years_honours/584131.stm | archive-date=13 January 2007 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> <br />
* He was knighted by [[Charles, Prince of Wales]] on 30 March 2000 at an investiture in [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/695511.stm | title=Virgin tycoon is knighted | access-date=15 January 2011 |work=BBC News| date=30 March 2000 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030109105904/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/695511.stm | archive-date=9 January 2003 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> <br />
* Also in 2000, Branson received the [[Tony Jannus Award]] for his accomplishments in commercial air transportation.<br />
* In 2000, Branson was inducted into the [[International Air & Space Hall of Fame]] at the [[San Diego Air & Space Museum]].<ref>Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. ''These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame''. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. {{ISBN|978-1578643974}}.{{page needed|date=July 2021}}</ref><br />
* Branson appears at No. 85 on the 2002 list of [[100 Greatest Britons]] on the [[BBC]] and voted for by the public. Branson was also ranked in 2007's ''[[Time magazine]]''{{'s}} list of the [[Time 100|100 Most Influential People in The World]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/completelist/0,29569,1595326,00.html|title=The 2007 Time 100|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211031402/http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/completelist/0%2C29569%2C1595326%2C00.html|archive-date=11 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 December 2007, United Nations Secretary General [[Ban Ki-Moon]] presented Branson with the [[United Nations Correspondents Association]] Citizen of the World Award for his support for environmental and humanitarian causes.<ref>{{Cite news|title= United Nations Correspondents Association (UNCA) Awards Citizen of the World to Richard Branson and Honours Other Leading Journalists|url= http://www.maximsnews.com/107mnundecember06unitednationscorrespondentsassociationdinner.htm|publisher= MaximsNews Network|date= 7 December 2007|access-date= 12 December 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071209181834/http://www.maximsnews.com/107mnundecember06unitednationscorrespondentsassociationdinner.htm|archive-date= 9 December 2007|url-status=live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><br />
* On 24 January 2011, Branson was awarded the German Media Prize (organised by "[[Media Control Charts]]"), previously handed to former US president [[Bill Clinton]] and the [[Dalai Lama]]. <br />
* On 14 November 2011, Branson was awarded the ISTA Prize by the International Space Transport Association in The Hague for his pioneering achievements in the development of suborbital transport systems with "Virgin Galactic".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/voyages/la-premiere-assurance-pour-les-voyageurs-de-l-espace-voit-le-jour-14-11-2011-1721019.php|title=La première assurance pour les voyageurs de l'espace voit le jour|date=14 November 2011|work=[[Le Parisien]]|language=fr|access-date=1 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619045653/http://www.leparisien.fr/voyages/la-premiere-assurance-pour-les-voyageurs-de-l-espace-voit-le-jour-14-11-2011-1721019.php|archive-date=19 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* On 11 February 2012, Branson was honoured with the [[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]]' President's Merit Award for his contributions to the music industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/news/the-recording-academy-clive-davis-partner-for-pre-grammy-gala|title=The Recording Academy, Clive Davis Partner For Pre-GrammyGala|work=The Grammys |access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403134918/http://www.grammy.com/news/the-recording-academy-clive-davis-partner-for-pre-grammy-gala|archive-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* On 2 June 2013, Branson received an honorary degree of [[Doctor Honoris Causa]] from [[Kaunas Technology University]] in [[Kaunas]], Lithuania.<ref>[http://en.ktu.lt/content/news/sir-richard-branson-will-be-awarded-title-honorary-doctor-ktu Sir Richard Branson Awarded the Title of Honorary Doctor of KTU | Kaunas University of Technology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102040409/http://en.ktu.lt/content/news/sir-richard-branson-will-be-awarded-title-honorary-doctor-ktu |date=2 November 2014 }}. En.ktu.lt. Retrieved 18 July 2013.</ref> <br />
* On 15 May 2014, Branson received the 2014 Business for Peace Award, awarded annually by [[the Business for Peace Foundation]] in Oslo, Norway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://businessforpeace.no/announcing-the-2014-business-for-peace-honourees/ |title=Meet the 2014 Honourees &#124; Business for Peace Foundation |publisher=Businessforpeace.no |date=11 April 2014 |access-date=26 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214410/http://businessforpeace.no/announcing-the-2014-business-for-peace-honourees/ |archive-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
* On 21 September 2014, Branson was recognized by ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' as the most admired business person over the last five decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1339457/richard-branson-tops-most-admired-boss-poll|title=Richard Branson Tops 'Most Admired' Boss Poll|publisher=Sky News|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603090715/http://news.sky.com/story/1339457/richard-branson-tops-most-admired-boss-poll|archive-date=3 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
* On 9 October 2014, Branson was named as the No. 1 LGBT ally by the OUTstanding organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/3528e7e2-495d-11e4-9d7e-00144feab7de.html|title=LGBT ally Branson leads OUTstanding Allies rankings|work=Financial Times|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152902/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/3528e7e2-495d-11e4-9d7e-00144feab7de.html#axzz3KbI4TbwZ|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
* On 29 October 2015, Branson was listed by UK-based company Richtopia at number 1 in the list of 100 Most Influential British Entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://richtopia.com/inspirational-people/100-influential-british-entrepreneurs|title=British Entrepreneurs Top 100: From Lord Sugar to Victoria Beckham, These Are the Most Influential Entrepreneurs in the UK|work=Richtopia|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609191820/http://richtopia.com/inspirational-people/100-influential-british-entrepreneurs|archive-date=9 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
* In October 2015, Branson received the International Crisis Group Chairman's Award at the United Nations Development Programme's in Pursuit of Peace Awards Dinner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/speeches/2015/10/26/helen-clark-speech-presenting-sir-richard-branson-with-the-international-crisis-group-chairman-s-award-in-pursuit-of-peace-awards-dinner.html|title=Helen Clark: Speech presenting Sir Richard Branson with the International Crisis Group Chairman's Award "In Pursuit of Peace" Awards Dinner|work=UNDP|access-date=21 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145607/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/speeches/2015/10/26/helen-clark-speech-presenting-sir-richard-branson-with-the-international-crisis-group-chairman-s-award-in-pursuit-of-peace-awards-dinner.html|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Controversies==<br />
===Tax evasion===<br />
In 1971, Branson was convicted and briefly jailed for tax evasion, having fraudulently obtained export documents for records to be sold on the domestic market to avoid paying [[Purchase Tax]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/business/how_failure_breeds_success/2014/05/richard_branson_tax_fraud_how_a_youthful_indiscretion_helped_create_a_billionaire.html|title=A Portrait of the Billionaire as a Young Tax Cheat|first=Jordan|last=Weissmann|date=27 May 2014|access-date=5 May 2018|work=Slate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602080756/http://www.slate.com/articles/business/how_failure_breeds_success/2014/05/richard_branson_tax_fraud_how_a_youthful_indiscretion_helped_create_a_billionaire.html|archive-date=2 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guardianlv.com">{{cite web|url=http://guardianlv.com/2014/05/richard-branson-from-tax-fraud-to-billionaire/|title=Richard Branson : From Tax Fraud to Billionaire · Guardian Liberty Voice|date=29 May 2014|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205072332/http://guardianlv.com/2014/05/richard-branson-from-tax-fraud-to-billionaire/|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Customs officials caught onto the scheme and executed a [[sting operation]], marking records bought for the international market with [[invisible ink]] and subsequently buying them on the domestic market. Branson was advised of the sting by an anonymous tip-off and attempted to dispose of the evidence, but this was unsuccessful.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="guardianlv.com"/><br />
<br />
Branson's business empire is owned by a complicated series of [[offshore trust]]s and companies. ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' stated that his wealth is calculated at £3&nbsp;billion; if he were to retire to his Caribbean island and liquidate all of this, he would pay relatively little in tax.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sunday-times-rich-list-sir-richard-branson-net-worth-bnfsdrlkx|title=The Sunday Times Rich List 2019: Sir Richard Branson net worth|last=Times|first=The Sunday|date=12 May 2019|access-date=5 September 2019|issn=0140-0460|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730211811/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sunday-times-rich-list-sir-richard-branson-net-worth-bnfsdrlkx|archive-date=30 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Branson has been criticised for his business strategy, and has been accused of being a [[carpetbagger#United Kingdom|carpetbagger]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/21/richard-branson-northern-rock|title=Is Richard Branson all he's cracked up to be?|last=Chakrabortty|first=Aditya|date=21 November 2011|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=7 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172732/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/21/richard-branson-northern-rock|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=live}} Branson's reply is here [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/23/nonsense-virgin-success-dependent-on-state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213002248/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/23/nonsense-virgin-success-dependent-on-state |date=13 February 2017 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/24/richard-branson-defence-virgin-trains|title=Don't be fooled by Richard Branson's defence of Virgin trains|author=Aditya Chakrabortty|date=24 June 2013|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001061234/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/24/richard-branson-defence-virgin-trains|archive-date=1 October 2013|url-status=live}} Branson's response is here [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/20/virgin-trains-handouts-track] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213002543/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/20/virgin-trains-handouts-track |date=13 February 2017 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Aditya Chakrabortty|date=10 June 2013|title=The truth about Richard Branson's Virgin Rail profits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/10/truth-richard-branson-virgin-rail-profits|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823214900/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/10/truth-richard-branson-virgin-rail-profits|archive-date=23 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Branson responded that he is living on Necker for health rather than tax reasons.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/oct/13/richard-branson-tax-exile-virgin |title=Richard Branson denies being a tax exile |last1=Garside |first1=Juliette |date=13 October 2013 |work=The Guardian |access-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014024733/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/oct/13/richard-branson-tax-exile-virgin |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013, Branson described himself as a "tax exile", having saved millions in tax by ending his mainland British residency and living in the [[British Virgin Islands]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/10376341/Ive-been-a-tax-exile-for-seven-years-says-Branson.html|title=I've been a tax exile for seven years, says Branson|first=Roland|last=Gribben|date=13 October 2013|access-date=5 May 2018|work=The Daily Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507073052/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/10376341/Ive-been-a-tax-exile-for-seven-years-says-Branson.html|archive-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> This was echoed by [[Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer]], Labour's [[John McDonnell]], in 2016, amid calls for his knighthood to be revoked.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/704616/sir-richard-branson-jeremy-corbyn-virgin-knighthood-tax-exile-john-mcdonnell|title='Tax exile' Richard Branson facing calls for his knighthood to be scrapped|first=Jack|last=Fenwick|date=28 August 2016|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205072151/https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/704616/sir-richard-branson-jeremy-corbyn-virgin-knighthood-tax-exile-john-mcdonnell|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Promotion of SeaWorld ===<br />
Branson has been criticised by the Whale and Dolphin Conservation organisation for profiting from selling trips to [[SeaWorld]] and similar themed parks that hold dolphins, whales and other sea life in captivity for entertainment purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/10664715/Richard-Branson-criticised-for-selling-SeaWorld-trips.html|title=Richard Branson criticised for selling SeaWorld trips|website=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=9 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908193051/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/10664715/Richard-Branson-criticised-for-selling-SeaWorld-trips.html|archive-date=8 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.whales.org/campaigns/stop-selling-trips-to-seaworld-sir-richard-branson|title=Stop Selling Trips to Seaworld Richard Branson |website=uswhales.org|publisher=WDC|access-date=9 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195754/http://us.whales.org/campaigns/stop-selling-trips-to-seaworld-sir-richard-branson|archive-date=10 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Assault claim===<br />
In November 2017, singer Antonia Jenae, a backing singer for [[Joss Stone]], claimed Branson sexually assaulted her at Necker Island by "putting his head between her cleavage and making boat engine noises", a practice that, when performed consensually, is known as [[motorboating (sexual act)|motorboating]].<ref name=":2" /> A spokesperson for Branson confirmed to ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' newspaper that members of the band had been invited for a party on the island in 2010, but that he and friends and family in attendance had "no recollection" of the events and that "there would never have been any intention to offend or make anyone feel uncomfortable. Richard apologises if anyone felt that way."<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/25/sir-richard-branson-has-no-recollection-alleged-incident-necker/|title=Sir Richard Branson has 'no recollection' of alleged incident at Necker Island|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=25 November 2017|access-date=22 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323092402/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/25/sir-richard-branson-has-no-recollection-alleged-incident-necker/|archive-date=23 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/news/a843901/sir-richard-branson-joss-stone-antonia-jenae-alleges-assault/|title=Richard Branson apologises after singer alleges assault|date=25 November 2017|work=Digital Spy|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103210139/http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/news/a843901/sir-richard-branson-joss-stone-antonia-jenae-alleges-assault/|archive-date=3 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Branson married Kristen Tomassi in 1972 and divorced her in 1979. He has a daughter Holly (b. 1981) and a son Sam (b. 1985) with his second wife, Joan Templeman, whom he met in 1976. They were married in 1989 on Necker Island.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Richard Branson Has Been Married for 30 Years – These Are His Secrets to a Lasting Romance|url=https://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-tips/celebrity-travel/richard-branson-shares-romance-tips|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Travel + Leisure|language=EN}}</ref> He stated in an interview with [[Piers Morgan]] that he and Joan also had a daughter named Clare Sarah, who died when she was four days old in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.babychums.com/2009/02/richard-bransons-baby-death-talks-to-piers-morgan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012210520/http://www.babychums.com/2009/02/richard-bransons-baby-death-talks-to-piers-morgan/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2009 |title=Piers Morgan interviews Richard Branson, Richard talks about death of baby |publisher=Baby Chums |date=22 February 2009 |access-date=14 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.virgin.com/news/65-things-youve-always-wanted-to-know-about-richard-branson|title=65 things you've always wanted to know about Richard Branson|date=17 July 2015|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316151957/https://www.virgin.com/news/65-things-youve-always-wanted-to-know-about-richard-branson|archive-date=16 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2007 Branson was ordained as a minister by the [[Universal Life Church Monastery]] to conduct an on-flight wedding as part of a marketing effort for domestic flights in the USA on [[Virgin America]] airline.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=0dfe492e-8f7f-4226-baaf-6543f54570fb|title=If This Were Anyone Else, It Would All Be Very Strange|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073436/http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=0dfe492e-8f7f-4226-baaf-6543f54570fb|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
From 2013 to 2017 Branson served as President of the Old Stoic Society of [[Stowe School]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/londoners-diary/old-stoics-have-birthday-teese-8881545.html|title=Old Stoics have birthday Teese|date=15 October 2013|work=London Evening Standard|access-date=23 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023205705/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/londoners-diary/old-stoics-have-birthday-teese-8881545.html|archive-date=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stowe.co.uk/school/old-stoics/about|title=About|website=Stowe School – Old Stoics|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904161228/https://www.stowe.co.uk/school/old-stoics/about|archive-date=4 September 2019|access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson is also an experienced [[kitesurf]]er, holding some world records in the sport.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-kent-18664278|title=Branson sets kitesurfing record|date=1 July 2012|access-date=5 May 2018|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517072247/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-kent-18664278|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-kite-surf-world-record-2014-10|title=Branson: How 3 Bikini-Clad Women Helped Me Set Another Guinness World Record|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173537/http://www.businessinsider.com/richard-branson-kite-surf-world-record-2014-10|archive-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In August 2016 Branson was injured while riding his bicycle in the British Virgin Islands and suffered torn ligaments and a [[Zygomatic bone|cracked cheek]] as a result. He was taken to hospital in Miami for X-rays and scans.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37198354|title=Sir Richard Branson 'thought he would die in bike crash|work=BBC News|date=26 August 2016|access-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826161629/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37198354|archive-date=26 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2017 Branson's Necker Island home was left uninhabitable after [[Hurricane Irma]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-41224243|title=Hurricane Irma wrecks Sir Richard Branson's Necker Island home|work=BBC News|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222133708/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-41224243|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> It was the second time the Necker Island home had been severely damaged after the building caught fire when it was struck by [[lightning]] caused by [[Hurricane Irene]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14616123|title=Twenty people escape fire at Branson's holiday home|access-date=6 April 2018|date=August 2011|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130015540/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14616123|archive-date=30 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Branson's mother [[Eve Branson|Eve]] died from [[COVID-19]] complications in January 2021 at the age of 96. A celebration of her life was posted online by her son.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrating my mum, Eve Branson {{!}} Virgin|url=https://virgin.com/branson-family/richard-branson-blog/celebrating-my-mum-eve-branson|access-date=11 January 2021|website=Virgin.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Influences==<br />
Branson has stated in a number of interviews that he has been much influenced by non-fiction books. He most commonly mentions [[Nelson Mandela]]'s autobiography, [[Long Walk to Freedom (book)|''Long Walk to Freedom'']], explaining that Mandela was "one of the most inspiring men I have ever met and had the honour to call my friend." Owing to his interest in humanitarian and ecological issues, Branson also lists [[Al Gore]]'s best-selling book, ''[[An Inconvenient Truth (book)|An Inconvenient Truth]]'', and ''[[The Revenge of Gaia]]'' by [[James Lovelock]] amongst his favourites. According to Branson's book, ''Screw It, Let's Do It: Lessons in Life'', he is also a fan of [[Jung Chang]]'s ''[[Wild Swans]]'' and [[Antony Beevor]]'s ''[[Stalingrad (Beevor book)|Stalingrad]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Richard Branson's reading influences |url=http://www.infloox.com/person?id=7bb9503d |publisher=Infloox.com |access-date=26 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905035652/http://www.infloox.com/person?id=7bb9503d |archive-date=5 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Branson |first=Richard |year=2011 |orig-year=2006 |title=Screw It, Let's Do It: Lessons in Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8klTYCfVzEC&pg=PA105 |location=New York |publisher=Random House |page=105 |isbn=978-0753547458 |access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref> In fiction, Branson has long admired the character [[Peter Pan]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Branson |first=Richard |date=12 November 2012 |title=Richard Branson on How to Use Age to Your Advantage |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/224902 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201015724/http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/224902 |archive-date=1 December 2012 |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]] |access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref> and in 2006, he founded [[Liquid Comics|Virgin Comics LLC]], stating that Virgin Comics will give "a whole generation of young, creative thinkers a voice".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gardner |first=Chris |date=5 January 2006 |title=Branson Taking a Passage to India |url=https://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/branson-taking-a-passage-to-india-1117935558/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=30 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805102631/http://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/branson-taking-a-passage-to-india-1117935558/ |archive-date=5 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsarama.com/virgincomics/virgincomics.htm |title=Branson Enters Comics with Virgin Comics, Virgin Animation |access-date=7 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111162748/http://www.newsarama.com/virgincomics/virgincomics.htm |work=[[Newsarama]] |archive-date=11 January 2006 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Losing My Virginity: How I've Survived, Had Fun, and Made a Fortune Doing Business My Way<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mJUVkgAACAAJ<br />
| year = 1998<br />
| publisher = Virgin Books<br />
| isbn = 978-0-7535-1955-4<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Screw It, Let's Do It<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=moYGODR04iIC<br />
| year = 2006<br />
| publisher = Virgin Books<br />
| isbn = 978-0-7535-1149-7<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Let's Not Screw It, Let's Just Do it: New Lessons for the Future<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=c09k-5Tu6loC<br />
| year = 2007<br />
| publisher = Random House Australia<br />
| isbn = 978-1-7416-6688-5<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Business Stripped Bare<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WkVy6_BIhNwC<br />
| year = 2008<br />
| publisher = Virgin Books<br />
| isbn = 978-0-7535-1503-7<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Arctic Diary: Surviving on Thin Ice<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hB_6MgAACAAJ<br />
| year = 2008<br />
| publisher = Virgin Books<br />
| isbn = 978-0-7535-1536-5<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Reach for the Skies: Ballooning, Birdmen and Blasting into Space<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E15L9Wnxxg4C<br />
| year = 2010<br />
| publisher = Virgin Books<br />
| isbn = 978-1-905264-91-9<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Globalisation Laid Bare: Lessons in International Business<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HO3iQwAACAAJ<br />
| year = 2010<br />
| publisher = Gibson Square Books<br />
| isbn = 978-1-90614-272-8<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Screw Business as Usual<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8xFbl2Y9Ha0C<br />
| year = 2011<br />
| publisher = Portfolio/Penguin<br />
| isbn = 978-1-59184-434-1<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Like a Virgin: Secrets They Won't Teach You at Business School<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bc15LsEzPbMC<br />
| year = 2013<br />
| publisher = Virgin Books<br />
| isbn = 978-0-75351-992-9<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = The Virgin Way: How to Listen, Learn, Laugh and Lead<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Jkp1AgAAQBAJ<br />
| year = 2014<br />
| publisher = Virgin Books<br />
| isbn = 978-1-90526-490-2<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Branson | first = Richard<br />
| title = Finding My Virginity<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4TcnDwAAQBAJ<br />
| year = 2017<br />
| publisher = Ebury Publishing<br />
| isbn = 978-0-75355-108-0<br />
}}<br />
** Also published as: ''The Virgin Way: If It's Not Fun, It's Not Worth Doing''<ref>{{cite book|title=The Virgin Way: If It's Not Fun, It's Not Worth Doing|date=20 October 2015|publisher=Portfolio|isbn=978-1591847984}}</ref> and ''The Virgin Way: Everything I Know About Leadership''<ref>{{cite book|title=The Virgin Way: Everything I Know About Leadership|date=9 September 2014|publisher=Portfolio|isbn=978-1591847373}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Richard_Branson.ogg|date=8 May 2012}}<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [https://bailproject.org/team/richard-branson/ Sir Richard Branson] at [[The Bail Project]]<br />
* {{Twitter}}<br />
* [http://www.virgin.com/richard-branson Branson's blog on virgin.com]<br />
* {{TED speaker}}<br />
* [https://www.forbes.com/profile/richard-branson/ Branson's ''Forbes'' Profile]<br />
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mdsv Branson] interview on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'', 1990<br />
<br />
{{Virgin Group}}<br />
{{Virgin Galactic}}<br />
{{The Spaceship Company}}<br />
{{Shark Tank}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Branson, Richard}}<br />
[[Category:1950 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century British businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century British businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English writers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English writers]]<br />
[[Category:Britannia Trophy winners]]<br />
[[Category:British music industry executives]]<br />
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]<br />
[[Category:British technology company founders]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople awarded knighthoods]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from London]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople in aviation]]<br />
[[Category:English autobiographers]]<br />
[[Category:English aviators]]<br />
[[Category:English balloonists]]<br />
[[Category:English billionaires]]<br />
[[Category:English chief executives]]<br />
[[Category:English company founders]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English criminals]]<br />
[[Category:English investors]]<br />
[[Category:English male non-fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:English non-fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:English philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:Formula E team owners]]<br />
[[Category:Formula One team owners]]<br />
[[Category:Giving Pledgers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]<br />
[[Category:People with dyslexia]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Stowe School]]<br />
[[Category:People from Blackheath, London]]<br />
[[Category:People in the space industry]]<br />
[[Category:Rugby league chairmen and investors]]<br />
[[Category:Segrave Trophy recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Space advocates]]<br />
[[Category:Squatters]]<br />
[[Category:Virgin Group people]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from London]]<br />
[[Category:British aerospace businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:People who have flown in suborbital spaceflight]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Cruise&diff=138526Tom Cruise2021-08-19T06:19:08Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|American actor and producer}} {{about|the American actor|other people named Tom Cruise|Tom Cruise (disambiguation)}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Use mdy dates|date..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|American actor and producer}}<br />
{{about|the American actor|other people named Tom Cruise|Tom Cruise (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Tom Cruise<br />
| image = Tom Cruise by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg<br />
| caption = Cruise in 2019<br />
| birth_name = Thomas Cruise Mapother IV<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|7|3}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Syracuse, New York]], U.S.<br />
| height = {{height|m=1.70}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Celebrity Women Who Love Short Men|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/photos/celebrity-women-love-short-men-17508555/image-17508639|website=[[ABC News]]|accessdate=14 August 2021}}</ref><br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|producer}}<br />
| years_active = 1981–present<br />
| children = 3<br />
| website = {{URL|tomcruise.com}}<br />
| signature = Tom Cruise signature.svg<br />
| spouse = {{ubl<br />
|{{marriage|[[Mimi Rogers]]|1987|1990|reason=divorced}}<br />
|{{marriage|[[Nicole Kidman]]|1990|2001|reason=divorced}}<br />
|{{marriage|[[Katie Holmes]]|2006|2012|reason=divorced}}<br />
}}<br />
| works = [[Tom Cruise filmography|Full list]]<br />
| relatives = [[William Mapother]] (cousin)<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Tom Cruise|Full list]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Thomas Cruise Mapother IV''' (born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and producer.<!-- Do NOT list Scientology as an occupation. See the talk page section: Scientology not in first sentence because it's not an occupation. --> He has received [[List of awards and nominations received by Tom Cruise|various accolades]] for his work, including three [[Golden Globe Awards]] and three nominations for [[Academy Awards]]. He is one of the highest-paid actors in the world.<ref name=Block>{{cite book|editor1-last=Block|editor1-first=Alex Ben|editor2-last=Wilson|editor2-first=Lucy Autrey|year=2010|title=George Lucas's Blockbusting: A Decade-By-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=9780061778896|pages=[https://archive.org/details/georgelucassbloc00alex/page/616 616–617, 714–715, 824–825 & 832]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/georgelucassbloc00alex/page/616}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise filmography|His films]] have grossed over {{US$|4 billion|long=no}} in North America and over {{US$|10.1 billion|long=no}} worldwide,<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=tomcruise.htm|title=Tom Cruise Movie Box Office Results|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=August 16, 2019}}</ref> making him one of the highest-grossing box office stars of all time.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/?view=Actor&sort=sumgross&p=.htm|title=People Index|website= Box Office Mojo |access-date= August 16, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise began acting in the early 1980s and made his breakthrough with leading roles in the comedy film ''[[Risky Business]]'' (1983) and action drama film ''[[Top Gun]]'' (1986). Critical acclaim came with his roles in the drama films ''[[The Color of Money]]'' (1986), ''[[Rain Man]]'' (1988), and ''[[Born on the Fourth of July (film)|Born on the Fourth of July]]'' (1989). For his portrayal of [[Ron Kovic]] in the latter, he won a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama|Golden Globe Award]] and received a nomination for the [[Academy Award for Best Actor]]. As a leading Hollywood star in the 1990s, he starred in several commercially successful films, including the drama ''[[A Few Good Men]]'' (1992), the thriller ''[[The Firm (1993 film)|The Firm]]'' (1993), the horror film ''[[Interview with the Vampire (film)|Interview with the Vampire]]'' (1994), and the romance ''[[Jerry Maguire]]'' (1996). For his role in the latter, he won a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Golden Globe Award for Best Actor]] and received his second Academy Award nomination.<br />
<br />
Cruise's performance as a motivational speaker in the drama film ''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]'' (1999) earned him another [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor&nbsp;– Motion Picture|Golden Globe Award]] and a nomination for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]. As an action star, he has played [[Ethan Hunt]] in all six of the [[Mission: Impossible (film series)|''Mission: Impossible'' films]] from 1996 to 2018. He also starred in science fiction and action films, including ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' (2001), ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' (2002), ''[[The Last Samurai]]'' (2003), ''[[Collateral (film)|Collateral]]'' (2004), ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]'' (2005), ''[[Knight and Day]]'' (2010), ''[[Jack Reacher (film)|Jack Reacher]]'' (2012), ''[[Oblivion (2013 film)|Oblivion]]'' (2013), ''[[Edge of Tomorrow]]'' (2014), and ''[[The Mummy (2017 film)|The Mummy]]'' (2017).<br />
<br />
Cruise has been married to actresses [[Mimi Rogers]], [[Nicole Kidman]], and [[Katie Holmes]]. He has three children, two of whom were adopted during his marriage to Kidman and the other of whom is a biological daughter he had with Holmes. Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the [[Church of Scientology]] and its associated social programs, which he credits with helping him overcome [[dyslexia]]. In the 2000s, he sparked controversy with his Church-affiliated criticisms of [[psychiatry]] and anti-depressant drugs, his efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in [[Europe]], and a [[Project Chanology#Tom Cruise video|leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology]].<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Cruise was born on July 3, 1962, in [[Syracuse, New York]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tom-Cruise |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |title=Tom Cruise}}</ref> to electrical engineer Thomas Cruise Mapother III (1934–1984) and [[special education]] teacher Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer; 1936–2017).<ref>{{cite news|date=June 24, 2002|title=About Tom|work=Time|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1002716,00.html|url-status=dead|access-date=February 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824141456/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1002716,00.html|archive-date=August 24, 2013}}</ref> His parents were both from [[Louisville, Kentucky]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gloucesterhistory.com/tom_cruise_excerpt.pdf|title=If truth be told, Tom Cruise Mapother IV has always been something of a ladies' man|website=Gloucesterhistory.com|access-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> and had English, German, and Irish ancestry.<ref name="Tom Cruise's Irish Ancestry">{{cite web|title=Tom Cruise's Irish Ancestry| url= http://www.eneclann.ie/exhibitions/tomcruise/|date=March 28, 2013|website= Eneclann.ie|access-date=April 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wargs.com/other/mapother.html |title=Ancestry of Tom Cruise |work=Wargs.com |access-date= August 8, 2009}}</ref> Cruise has three sisters named Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass. One of his cousins, [[William Mapother]], is also an actor who has appeared alongside Cruise in five films.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.ew.com/gallery/stars-you-didnt-know-were-related/2266243_tom-cruise-and-william-mapother| title= Stars you didn't know were related|work= EW.com}}</ref> Cruise grew up in near [[poverty]] and had a Catholic upbringing. He later described his father as "a merchant of chaos",<ref name= parade>{{cite web|url=http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2006/edition_04-09-2006/Tom_Cruise_cover|title=I Can Create Who I Am|work=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]|date=April 9, 2006|access-date=February 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412060632/http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2006/edition_04-09-2006/Tom_Cruise_cover|archive-date=April 12, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> a "bully", and a "coward" who beat his children. He elaborated, "[My father] was the kind of person where, if something goes wrong, they kick you. It was a great lesson in my life—how he'd lull you in, make you feel safe and then, bang! For me, it was like, 'There's something wrong with this guy. Don't trust him. Be careful around him.'"<ref name= parade /><br />
<br />
Cruise spent part of his childhood in Canada. When his father took a job as a defense consultant with the [[Canadian Armed Forces]], his family moved in late 1971 to [[Beacon Hill, Ottawa|Beacon Hill]], [[Ottawa]].<ref name= Unauthorized_ex>{{cite book|url=http://i.usatoday.net/life/books/tom_cruise_excerpt.pdf | title= Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography| first= Andrew |last= Morton| series= Ch. 1| publisher= Macmillan| date= January 15, 2008| access-date= October 13, 2016| isbn= 9781429933902}}</ref> He attended the new [[Robert Hopkins Public School]] for his fourth and fifth grade education.<ref name= Unauthorized_ex /><ref>{{cite web| website= ocdsb.ca| publisher= Ottawa-Carleton District School Board| url= http://www.ocdsb.ca/sch/20102011%20Elementary%20School%20Profile/RHOP.pdf| title= Robert Hopkins School Profile| access-date= September 25, 2012| url-status=dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025444/http://www.ocdsb.ca/sch/20102011%20Elementary%20School%20Profile/RHOP.pdf| archive-date= January 17, 2013| df= mdy-all}}</ref> He first became involved in drama in fourth grade, under the tutelage of drama teacher George Steinburg. He and six other boys put on an improvised play to music called ''IT'' at the Carleton Elementary School drama festival.<ref name= Unauthorized_ex /> Drama organizer Val Wright, who was in the audience, later said that "the movement and improvisation were excellent ... it was a classic ensemble piece".<ref name= Unauthorized_ex /> In sixth grade, Cruise went to [[Henry Munro Middle School]] in Ottawa. That year, his mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sisters back to the United States.<ref name= Unauthorized_ex /> In 1978, she married Jack South.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/2019/04/carolyn-hax-after-acrimony-and-moms-death-how-to-tell-husband-i-dont-want-a-divorce-after-all.html |title = Carolyn Hax: After acrimony, and mom's death, how to tell husband I don't want a divorce after all|date = April 29, 2019}}</ref> Cruise's father died of cancer in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/tom-cruise-katie-holmes-upbringings-torn/story?id=16742057 |title= Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes: Very Different Upbringings| publisher= [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] | first= Luchina| last= Fisher| website= ABCNews.go.com |date= July 10, 2012| access-date= October 13, 2016}}</ref> Cruise briefly took a [[Catholic Church]] scholarship and attended the [[St. Francis Seminary (Ohio)|St. Francis Seminary]] in [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, Ohio]]; he aspired to become a [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|priest]] before being expelled from the seminary for drinking and becoming interested in acting.<ref>{{Cite web|last=WHITE|first=CHRIS|title=EXCLUSIVE: Tom Cruise started religious journey with Catholic Church — until he was booted from seminary for swiping booze, says old friend|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/cruise-considered-catholic-priesthood-kicked-seminary-article-1.1278436|access-date=2021-07-13|website=nydailynews.com}}</ref><ref name= Unauthorized>{{cite book| title= Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography| first= Andrew |last= Morton| publisher= Macmillan| date= January 15, 2008| isbn= 9781429933902}}</ref>{{rp|24–26}} In total, he attended 15 schools in 14 years.<ref name=FamousNJ>{{cite web|website= FamousNewJerseyans.com| url= http://www.famousnewjerseyans.com/entertainers.htm| title= New Jersey Entertainers| access-date= October 7, 2014}}</ref> In his senior year of high school, he played [[American football|football]] for the varsity team as a [[linebacker]], but was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game.<ref name= Unauthorized/>{{rp|47}} He went on to star in the school's production of ''[[Guys and Dolls]]''.<ref name="cnbc.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/27/mission-impossible--fallout-star-tom-cruises-childhood-jobs.html|title=These were 'Mission: Impossible — Fallout' star Tom Cruise's first jobs as a kid|first=Tom Huddleston|last=Jr|date=July 27, 2018|website=CNBC|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> In 1980, he graduated from [[Glen Ridge High School]] in [[Glen Ridge, New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2006-04-06-0604060155-story.html|title=Cruise tells of pain of bullies, abusive father|first=Chicago|last=Tribune|website=chicagotribune.com|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===Acting===<br />
[[File:1985 Tom Cruise.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Cruise in 1985 at a reception hosted by First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] at the [[White House]]]]<br />
At age 18,<ref name="foxnews.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/tom-cruise-biography-filmography|title=Tom Cruise Biography, Filmography|date=March 25, 2015|website=Fox News|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career.<ref name="cnbc.com"/> After working as a [[busboy]] in New York, he went to Los Angeles to try out for television roles. He signed with [[Creative Artists Agency|CAA]] and began acting in films.<ref name="foxnews.com"/> He first appeared in a [[bit part]] in the 1981 film ''[[Endless Love (1981 film)|Endless Love]]'', followed by a major supporting role as a crazed military academy student in ''[[Taps (film)|Taps]]'' later that year. In 1983, Cruise was part of the ensemble cast of ''[[The Outsiders (film)|The Outsiders]]''. That same year he appeared in ''[[All the Right Moves (film)|All the Right Moves]]'' and ''[[Risky Business]]'', which has been described as "A [[Generation X]] classic, and a career maker for Tom Cruise".<ref name="rottentomatoes">{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1017641-risky_business/ |title=Risky Business|publisher=Rottentomatoes.com |access-date=April 15, 2012}}</ref> He also played the male lead in the [[Ridley Scott]] film ''[[Legend (1985 film)|Legend]]'', released in 1985.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 9, 2015|title=Ridley Scott's beautiful dark twisted fantasy: the making of Legend|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/legend-ridley-scott/tom-cruise-making-of/}}</ref> By 1986's ''[[Top Gun]]'', his status as a [[superstar]] had been cemented.<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Tony Scott| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-19316140|access-date=October 9, 2015|newspaper=BBC News|date=August 20, 2012}}</ref><br />
[[File:Tom cruise 1989.jpg|thumb|upright|Tom Cruise at the 61st [[Academy Awards]] in 1989]]<br />
Cruise followed up ''Top Gun'' with ''[[The Color of Money]]'', which came out the same year, and which paired him with [[Paul Newman]]. 1988 saw him star in ''[[Cocktail (1988 film)|Cocktail]]'', which earned him a nomination for the [[Razzie Award for Worst Actor]]. Later that year he starred with [[Dustin Hoffman]] in ''[[Rain Man]]'', which won the [[Academy Award for Best Film]] and Cruise the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. Cruise portrayed real-life paralyzed [[Vietnam War]] veteran [[Ron Kovic]] in 1989's ''[[Born on the Fourth of July (film)|Born on the Fourth of July]]'', which earned him a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama]], the [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor]], the [[People's Choice Award]] for Favorite Motion Picture Actor, a nomination for [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]], and Cruise's first Best Actor Academy Award nomination.<br />
<br />
Cruise's next films were ''[[Days of Thunder]]'' (1990) and ''[[Far and Away]]'' (1992), both of which co-starred then-wife [[Nicole Kidman]] as his love interest, followed by the [[legal thriller]] ''[[The Firm (1993 film)|The Firm]]'', which was a critical and commercial success. In 1994, Cruise starred along with [[Brad Pitt]], [[Antonio Banderas]] and [[Christian Slater]] in [[Neil Jordan]]'s ''[[Interview with the Vampire (film)|Interview with the Vampire]]'', a gothic drama/horror film that was based on [[Anne Rice]]'s [[Interview with the Vampire|best-selling novel]]. The film was well-received, although Rice was initially quite outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film, as [[Julian Sands]] was her first choice. Upon seeing the film, however, she paid $7,740 for a two-page ad in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Daily Variety]]'' praising his performance and apologizing for her previous doubts about him.<ref>[https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,305073,00.html Go Figure], ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', December 30, 1994.</ref><br />
<br />
In 1996, Cruise appeared as superspy [[Ethan Hunt]] in the reboot of ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]'', which he produced. It was a box office success, although it received criticism regarding the Jim Phelps character being a villain despite being a protagonist of the original television series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117060/reviews?start=10|title=Mission: Impossible Reviews & Ratings – IMDb|work=IMDb|access-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1996, he took on the title role in ''[[Jerry Maguire]]'', for which he earned a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Golden Globe]] and his second nomination for an [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Academy Award]]. In 1999, Cruise costarred with Kidman in the erotic [[Stanley Kubrick]] film ''[[Eyes Wide Shut]]'', and took a rare [[Supporting actor|supporting role]], as a motivational speaker, Frank T.J. Mackey, in ''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]'', for which he received another [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Golden Globe]] and nomination for an [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Academy Award]].<br />
<br />
In 2000, Cruise returned as [[Ethan Hunt]] in the second installment of the ''Mission Impossible'' films, ''[[Mission: Impossible 2]]''. The film was helmed by Hong Kong director [[John Woo]] and branded with his [[gun fu]] style, and continued the series' blockbuster success at the box office, taking in almost $547M in worldwide figures. Like its predecessor, it was the highest-grossing film of the year, and had a mixed critical reception. Cruise received an [[MTV Movie Award]] for Best Male Performance for this film.<br />
<br />
His next five films were major critical and commercial successes.<ref name=boxofficemojotomcruise>{{cite web| url= https://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=tomcruise.htm |title=Tom Cruise |website=Boxofficemojo.com |access-date= April 15, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tom_cruise/ |title=Tom Cruise Movies, News, and Pictures on Rotten Tomatoes |website=Rottentomatoes.com |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> The following year Cruise starred in the romantic thriller ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' (2001) with [[Cameron Diaz]] and [[Penélope Cruz]]. In 2002, Cruise starred in the [[dystopia]]n science fiction action film ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' which was directed by [[Steven Spielberg]] and based on the science fiction short story by [[Philip K. Dick]].<br />
[[File:TomCruiseOct07.jpg|thumb|upright|Cruise at the 2007 [[London Film Festival]] for the premiere of ''[[Lions for Lambs]]'']]<br />
In 2003, he starred in [[Edward Zwick]]'s period action drama ''[[The Last Samurai]]'', for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for best actor. In 2004, Cruise received critical acclaim for his performance as Vincent in ''[[Collateral (film)|Collateral]]'', directed by [[Michael Mann]]. In 2005, Cruise worked again with Steven Spielberg in ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]'', a loose adaptation of the [[H. G. Wells]] [[The War of the Worlds|novel of the same name]], which became the fourth highest-grossing film of the year with US$591.4&nbsp;million worldwide. Also in 2005, he won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Movie Star and the MTV Generation Award. Cruise was nominated for seven [[Saturn Awards]] between 2002 and 2009, winning once. Nine of the ten films he starred in during the decade made over $100&nbsp;million at the box office.<ref name=boxofficemojotomcruise/><br />
<br />
In 2006, he returned to his role as Ethan Hunt in the third installment of the ''Mission Impossible'' film series, ''[[Mission: Impossible III]]''. The film was more positively received by critics than the previous films in the series, and grossed nearly $400&nbsp;million at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mi3.htm |title=Mission: Impossible III (2006) |website= Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref> In 2007, Cruise took a rare supporting role for the second time in ''[[Lions for Lambs]]'', which was a commercial disappointment. This was followed by an unrecognizable appearance as "Les Grossman" in the 2008 comedy ''[[Tropic Thunder]]'' with [[Ben Stiller]], [[Jack Black]], and [[Robert Downey Jr.]] This performance earned Cruise a [[Golden Globe]] nomination. Cruise played the central role in the historical thriller ''[[Valkyrie (film)|Valkyrie]]'' released on December 25, 2008 to box office success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=valkyrie.htm |title=Valkyrie (2008) |website= Box Office Mojo |date=April 16, 2009 |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2010, Cruise completed filming the action-comedy ''[[Knight and Day]]'', in which he re-teamed with former costar Cameron Diaz; the film was released on June 23, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knightanddaymovie.com/ |title=Knight and Day |website= Knightanddaymovie.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100819114931/http://www.knightanddaymovie.com/ |archive-date=August 19, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On February 9, 2010, Cruise confirmed that he would star in ''[[Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol]]'', the fourth installment in the ''[[Mission: Impossible (film series)|Mission: Impossible]]'' series. The film was released in December 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/cruise-star-mission-impossible-4-wbna35321981 |title=Cruise to star in 'Mission: Impossible 4' – Entertainment – Access Hollywood |publisher=Today.com |date=February 9, 2010 |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> to high critical acclaim<ref name=rt>{{cite web |url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mission_impossible_ghost_protocol/ |title=Mission: Impossible Ghost Protocol (2011) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=June 20, 2012}}</ref> and box office success.<ref name="ox">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mi4.htm |title=Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol (2011) |work=Box Office Mojo |access-date=April 13, 2012}}</ref> Unadjusted for ticket price inflation, it was Cruise's biggest commercial success to that date.<ref name="Overseas5">{{cite news|last=Subers|first=Ray|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'M:I-4' Passes $600 Million Worldwide| url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3364&p=.htm|access-date=February 13, 2012|newspaper= Box Office Mojo| date= February 7, 2012}}</ref><br />
[[File:Tom Cruise by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Cruise at the 2013 [[San Diego Comic-Con|San Diego Comic Con]]]]<br />
On May 6, 2011, Cruise was awarded a humanitarian award from the [[Simon Wiesenthal Center]] and its [[Museum of Tolerance]] for his work as a dedicated philanthropist.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=lsKWLbPJLnF&b=6765195 |title=Tom Cruise's Remarks on Receiving the Simon Wiesenthal Center's Humanitarian Award |publisher=Simon Wiesenthal Center |access-date= April 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210046/http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=lsKWLbPJLnF&b=6765195 |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In mid-2011, Cruise started shooting the movie ''[[Rock of Ages (2012 film)|Rock of Ages]]'', in which he played the character [[Stacee Jaxx]]. The film was released in June 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/tom-cruise-flaunts-abs-fake-tattoos-rock-ages-inspired-photo-shoot-w-magazine-article-1.1078665 | title=Tom Cruise flaunts his abs, fake tattoos in 'Rock of Ages'-inspired photo shoot for W magazine| first=Christina | last=Everett | work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York| date= May 15, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise starred as [[Jack Reacher]] in the [[Jack Reacher (film)|film adaptation]] of British author [[Lee Child]]'s 2005 novel ''[[One Shot (novel)|One Shot]].'' The film was released on December 21, 2012.<ref>{{cite news| last= Schwarzbaum |first= Lisa| title=Jack Reacher (2012)|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20483133_20620438,00.html|access-date= July 13, 2013| work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=January 3, 2013}}</ref> It met with positive reviews from critics and was a box office success grossing $217 million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Reacher |url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jack_reacher/|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=July 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Reacher |url= https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=oneshot.htm|website= Box Office Mojo|access-date=July 13, 2013}}</ref> In 2013, he starred in the science fiction film ''[[Oblivion (2013 film)|Oblivion]]'' based on director [[Joseph Kosinski]]'s graphic novel of the same name. The film met with mixed reviews and grossed $286 million worldwide. It also starred [[Morgan Freeman]] and [[Olga Kurylenko]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oblivion|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/oblivion|website=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=July 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oblivion|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=oblivion.htm|website= Box Office Mojo |access-date=July 13, 2013}}</ref> In 2014, Cruise starred in the science fiction-action film ''[[Edge of Tomorrow]]'', which received positive reviews<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/live_die_repeat_edge_of_tomorrow|title=Live Die Repeat: Edge of Tomorrow (2014)|website= Rotten Tomatoes |publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|access-date=November 17, 2020}}</ref> and grossed over $370 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=allyouneediskill.htm |title=Edge of Tomorrow |work=boxofficemojo.com |publisher= Box Office Mojo |date=September 11, 2014 |access-date=April 16, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160412045213/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=allyouneediskill.htm |archive-date=April 12, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2015, Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the fifth installment of the ''Mission: Impossible'' series, ''[[Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation]]'', which he also produced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=103854|title=Tom Cruise Signs to Star in Mission: Impossible 5|work=ComingSoon.net|date=May 7, 2013|access-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref> Returning cast members included [[Simon Pegg]] as Benji and [[Jeremy Renner]] as William Brandt, with [[Christopher McQuarrie]] as director. The film earned high critical acclaim<ref>{{cite web|title=Mission: Impossible Rogue Nation (2015)| url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mission_impossible_rogue_nation|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> and was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mi5.htm|title=Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation (2015)|work= Box Office Mojo }}</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise starred in the 2017 reboot of [[Boris Karloff]]'s 1932 horror movie ''[[The Mummy (1932 film)|The Mummy]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Mendelson|first= Scott|date= January 21, 2016 |title= Tom Cruise will officially star in the Mummy |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2016/01/21/tom-cruise-brings-star-power-to-universals-mummy-reboot/#2d447df71ccf|journal= Forbes|access-date= January 22, 2016}}</ref> The new film, also titled ''[[The Mummy (2017 film)|The Mummy]]'' received negative reviews and flopped at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/the-mummy-meltdown-tom-cruise-1202465742/|title=Inside 'The Mummy's' Troubles: Tom Cruise Had Excessive Control (EXCLUSIVE)|first1=Ramin Setoodeh,Brent|last1=Lang|first2=Ramin|last2=Setoodeh|first3=Brent|last3=Lang|date=June 14, 2017|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/movies/the-mummy-review-tom-cruise.html|title=Review: 'The Mummy,' With Tom Cruise, Deserves a Quick Burial|first=A. O.|last=Scott|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 7, 2017|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> In 2018, Cruise again reprised Ethan Hunt, in the sixth film in his franchise, ''[[Mission: Impossible – Fallout]]''. The film was more positively received by critics than the previous films in the series, and grossed over $791 million at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018) |url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mission_impossible_fallout|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref><ref name="BOM">{{cite web| title= Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=missionimpossible6.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=January 11, 2019}}</ref> Unadjusted for ticket price inflation, it is Cruise's biggest commercial success to date.<ref name="auto"/><br />
<br />
In May 2020, it was reported that Cruise would be starring and producing the first ever movie shot in [[outer space]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=May 26, 2020|title=Doug Liman to Direct Tom Cruise Movie That Will Shoot in Space|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/doug-liman-direct-tom-cruise-space-set-movie-1296052|access-date=2020-06-01|website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> [[Doug Liman]] would be directing, writing, and co-producing. Both will fly to the [[International Space Station]] as part of a future [[Axiom Space]] mission in a [[SpaceX]] [[SpaceX Dragon 2|Dragon 2]] spacecraft.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 September 2020|title=Tom Cruise is officially going to space for his next movie|url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/tom-cruise-is-officially-going-to-space-for-his-next-movie-2758685}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2021, Cruise protested against the [[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] (HFPA) by returning all three of his Golden Globe Awards in light of controversy surrounding the HFPA,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/tom-cruise-returns-his-3-golden-globes-in-protest-against-hfpa/|title= Tom Cruise Returns His 3 Golden Globes in Protest Against HFPA|first=Jeremy|last=Fulser|work=The Wrap|date=May 10, 2021|access-date=May 10, 2021}}</ref> particularly its lack of diversity, specifically no black members, and ethical questions related to financial benefits to some of its members.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Melas|first=Chloe|title=Tom Cruise returns Golden Globe Awards in protest of HFPA|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/10/entertainment/tom-cruise-scarlett-johansson-golden-globes/index.html|access-date=2021-05-12|publisher=CNN}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Producing===<br />
Cruise partnered with his former talent agent [[Paula Wagner]] to form [[Cruise/Wagner Productions]] in 1993,<ref name="MGM">{{cite news|title=MGM Partners With Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner to Form New United Artists |url= http://sev.prnewswire.com/entertainment/20061102/LATH10602112006-1.html |agency=PR Newswire |publisher=Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios |date=November 2, 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080929115013/http://sev.prnewswire.com/entertainment/20061102/LATH10602112006-1.html |archive-date= September 29, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the company has since co-produced several of Cruise's films, the first being ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]'' in 1996 which was also Cruise's first project as a producer.<br />
<br />
[[File:Jack Reacher- Never Go Back Japan Premiere Red Carpet- Tom Cruise (35338493152) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Cruise in 2016]]<br />
<br />
Cruise is noted as having negotiated some of the most lucrative film deals in Hollywood, and was described in 2005 by Hollywood economist [[Edward Jay Epstein]] as "one of the most powerful – and richest – forces in Hollywood." Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being [[George Lucas]], [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Jerry Bruckheimer]]) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar film franchise. Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess.<ref name="Epstein">{{cite web| last= Epstein |first=Edward Jay|author-link=Edward Jay Epstein|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2121617/ |title=Tom Cruise Inc. |website= Slate.com|date=June 27, 2005|access-date=October 31, 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise/Wagner Productions, Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on [[Erik Larson (author)|Erik Larson]]'s ''[[New York Times]]'' bestseller ''[[The Devil in the White City]]'' about a real-life serial killer, [[H. H. Holmes]], at Chicago's [[World's Columbian Exposition]]. [[Kathryn Bigelow]] is attached to the project to produce and helm. Meanwhile, [[Leonardo DiCaprio]]'s production company, [[Appian Way Productions|Appian Way]], is also developing a film about Holmes and the [[World's Fair]], in which DiCaprio will star.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thezreview.co.uk/comingsoon/d/devilinthewhitecitythe.htm |title=The Devil In The White City movie, trailer, review, pics, pictures, poster, news, DVD|website=Thezreview.co.uk |access-date=October 31, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080705065258/http://www.thezreview.co.uk/comingsoon/d/devilinthewhitecitythe.htm |archive-date = July 5, 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise has produced several films in which he appeared. He produced ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]'', ''[[Without Limits]]'', ''[[Mission: Impossible 2]]'', ''[[The Others (2001 film)|The Others]]'', ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' and many others.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000129/|title=Tom Cruise Production Credits|website=IMDb.com|access-date=January 22, 2016}}</ref><br />
[[File:Tom Cruise HWoF Star.jpg|left|thumb|Cruise's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame]]<br />
<br />
====Break with Paramount====<br />
On August 22, 2006, [[Paramount Pictures]] announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise. In the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', chairman of [[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]] (Paramount's parent company) [[Sumner Redstone]] cited the economic damage to Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://money.cnn.com/2006/08/22/news/newsmakers/cruise_paramount/index.htm?cnn=yes |title=CNN: Paramount Pictures cuts ties with Tom Cruise |publisher=CNN |date=August 23, 2006 |access-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_27267912.shtml |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015319/http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_27267912.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |title=Sumner Redstone Rebuke of Tom Cruise: Now What? |publisher=National Ledger |access-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref> Cruise/Wagner Productions responded that Paramount's announcement was a face-saving move after the production company had successfully sought alternative financing from [[private equity]] firms.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lieberman |first=David |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/media/2006-08-23-hedge-films-usat_x.htm |title=Cruise seeks financial backing from hedge funds |work=USA Today |date=August 24, 2006 |access-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
Industry analysts such as Edward Jay Epstein commented that the real reason for the split was most likely Paramount's discontent over Cruise/Wagner's exceptionally large share of DVD sales from the ''Mission: Impossible'' franchise.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ft.com/cms/s/d817b680-33a0-11db-981f-0000779e2340.html|title=Paramount vs Cruise: all down to the killer cut| work=Financial Times|date=August 24, 2006|access-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nicole |last=Sperling |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003052563 |title=Biz eyeing economics of Cruise-Par breakup: DVD slowdown forcing restraint |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=August 24, 2006 |access-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113093430/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003052563 |archive-date=January 13, 2009 }}</ref><br />
<br />
====Management of United Artists====<br />
In November 2006, Cruise and Paula Wagner announced that they had taken over the film studio [[United Artists]].<ref name="MGM"/> Cruise acts as a producer and star in films for United Artists, while Wagner serves as UA's chief executive.<br />
<br />
Production began in 2007 of ''[[Valkyrie (film)|Valkyrie]]'', a thriller based on the July 20, 1944 assassination attempt against [[Adolf Hitler]]. The film was acquired in March 2007 by United Artists. On March 21, 2007, Cruise signed to play [[Claus von Stauffenberg]], the [[protagonist]]. This project marked the second production to be greenlighted since Cruise and Wagner took control of United Artists. The first was its inaugural film, ''[[Lions for Lambs]]'', directed by [[Robert Redford]] and starring Redford, [[Meryl Streep]] and Cruise. ''Lambs'' was released on November 9, 2007,{{cn|date=February 2021}} opening to unimpressive box office revenue and critical reception.<br />
<br />
In August 2008, Wagner stepped down from her position at United Artists; she retains her stake in UA, which combined with Cruise's share amounts to 30 percent of the studio.<ref>[https://articles.latimes.com/2008/aug/14/business/fi-wagner14 Paula Wagner plans to step down at United Artists], an August 2008 article from the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
===Relationships and wealth===<br />
[[File:Tom Cruise & Katie Holmes WHCAD.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Cruise with then-wife [[Katie Holmes]] in May 2009]]<br />
Cruise splits his time between homes in [[Beverly Hills, California]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.celebhomes.net/tom-cruise/|title=Tom Cruise House – Beverly Hills {{!}} {{!}} Celebrity Homes|website=www.celebhomes.net|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> [[Clearwater, Florida]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://popculture.com/celebrity/2018/07/28/tom-cruise-new-florida-penthouse-scientology-headquarters/|title=Tom Cruise's New Florida Penthouse Near Scientology Headquarters Features 'Pool Garden and Kitchen'| website= Popculture.com |language=en|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> [[Dulwich|Dulwich, London]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/464290.stm|title= Star couple 'buy London home' |website=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> and [[East Grinstead|East Grinstead, West Sussex]].<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/12071605/Tom-Cruise-puts-4.95-million-East-Grinstead-mansion-up-for-sale.html |title= Tom Cruise puts £4.95 million East Grinstead mansion up for sale|journal=Daily Telegraph| date=December 28, 2015|access-date= April 27, 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> He had several relationships with women in the early-to-mid-1980s, including [[Rebecca De Mornay]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1502989/20050527/index.jhtml |title=Cruise Control |work=Vh1 |date=May 27, 2005 |access-date=June 5, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110629061048/http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1502989/20050527/index.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011}}</ref> [[Patti Scialfa]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/archive/cover-story-romancing-the-boss-vol-30-no-15/ |title= Romancing the Boss |website= People.com|language=EN|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> and [[Cher]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/cher-once-dated-tom-cruise/story-e6frfmqi-1111116193761 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100617043717/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/cher-once-dated-tom-cruise/story-e6frfmqi-1111116193761 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 17, 2010 |title=Cher reveals affair with Tom Cruise |work=NewsComAu |access-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise married actress [[Mimi Rogers]] on May 9, 1987.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20096360,00.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150919084109/http://www.people.com/people/article/0%2C%2C20096360%2C00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 19, 2015 |title=Now Married to Mimi Rogers, Tom's Cruising Days Are Over |work=People.com}}</ref> They divorced on February 4, 1990. Rogers introduced Cruise to [[Church of Scientology|Scientology]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Masters | first = Kim |date=September–October 2005 | title = The Passion of Tom Cruise|journal=[[Radar (magazine)|Radar]] }} as excerpted by ''Radar'' at [https://web.archive.org/web/20061019111857/http://www.radaronline.com/from-the-magazine/2005/08/the_passion_of_tom_cruise_excerpt.php RadarOnline.com]</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise met his second wife, actress [[Nicole Kidman]], on the set of their film ''[[Days of Thunder]]'' (1990). The couple married on December 24, 1990. They adopted two children: Isabella Jane (born 1992) and Connor Antony (born 1995). In February 2001, Cruise filed for divorce from Kidman while she was unknowingly pregnant. The pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. In 2007, Kidman clarified rumors of a miscarriage early in her marriage to Cruise, explaining that she had actually had an [[ectopic pregnancy]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Gordon |first=Meryl |url=http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity-lifestyle/celebrities/Nicole-Kidman-Interview-3 |title=Nicole Kidman Tells It Like It Is |work=Marie Claire |date=November 11, 2007 |access-date=July 23, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise was next romantically linked with [[Penélope Cruz]], his co-star in ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' (2001). Their three-year relationship ended in 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3570639.stm |title=Cruise and Cruz end relationship |work=BBC News|date=March 26, 2004|access-date=October 31, 2008}}</ref> An article in the October 2012 issue of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' stated that several sources have said that after the breakup with Cruz, Scientologist leaders launched a secret project to find Cruise a new girlfriend. According to those sources, a series of "auditions" of Scientologist actresses resulted in a short-lived relationship with British-Iranian actress [[Nazanin Boniadi]], who subsequently left Scientology.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tom Cruise's Scientology Marriages: The Secret Wife-Auditioning Process Before Katie Holmes, Revealed| url= https://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2012/09/tom-cruise-scientology-marriage-katie-holmes|date=September 1, 2012|access-date= September 5, 2012|work=Vanity Fair}}</ref> Scientology and Cruise's lawyers issued strongly worded denials and threatened to sue, accusing ''Vanity Fair'' of "shoddy journalism" and "religious bigotry".<ref>{{cite news |last= Adams |first= Guy |title= Scientology threatens Vanity Fair over Tom Cruise 'auditions' claims |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/scientology-threatens-vanity-fair-over-tom-cruise-auditions-claims-8122450.html<br />
|access-date= September 12, 2012 |newspaper= The Independent |date= September 11, 2012 |quote= Citing a mixture of "shoddy journalism" and "religious bigotry," the Church of Scientology is threatening to sue Vanity Fair over a recent article claiming that it helped "audition" young actresses to find a suitable girlfriend for Tom Cruise. |location= London}}</ref> Journalist [[Roger Friedman]] later reported that he received an email from director and ex-Scientologist [[Paul Haggis]] confirming the story.<ref>{{cite news|title=Exclusive: Oscar Winner Paul Haggis on Tom Cruise Scientology Girlfriend: 'I'm appalled that any church would treat its parishioners this way{{'-}}|url=http://www.showbiz411.com/2012/09/02/oscar-winner-paul-haggis-on-tom-cruise-scientology-girlfriend|date=September 2, 2012|access-date=September 5, 2012 |last= Friedman |first= Roger |website= Showbiz411.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tom Cruise lawyer on Vanity Fair expose: 'Tired old lies{{'-}} |url= http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-207_162-57506112/tom-cruise-lawyer-on-vanity-fair-expose-tired-old-lies/|work=[[CBS News]] |date= September 5, 2012|access-date=September 5, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2005, Cruise began dating actress [[Katie Holmes]]. On April 27 that year, Cruise and Holmes—dubbed ''[[Bennifer|TomKat]]'' by the media—made their first public appearance together in [[Rome]].<ref name="usatoday.com">Soriano, César G. (May 5, 2005). [https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-05-03-cruise-main_x.htm "Tom, Katie flying high on romance"]. ''USA Today''.</ref> A month later, Cruise publicly declared his love for Holmes on ''[[The Oprah Winfrey Show]]'', infamously jumping up and down on Winfrey's couch during the show.<ref>{{cite news| last= Lynch| first= Jason |date= June 6, 2005| url= http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20147743,00.html |title= Tom & Katie: Truly, Madly, Deeply| work= People.com}}</ref> Media coverage at the time implied that Oprah was somewhat taken aback by Cruise's overexuberent couch-outburst, which distracted from the intended promotion of Cruise's current film, [[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|''War of the Worlds'']]. On October 6, 2005, Cruise and Holmes announced they were expecting a child.<ref>{{cite news| last= Smith| first= Ryan E. |date= October 6, 2005| url= http://toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051006/ART09/51006019/-1/ART |title= Baby frenzy begins: Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise are expecting their first child together| work= [[The Blade (Toledo)|The Blade]]| place= Toledo}}</ref> In April 2006, their daughter Suri was born. On November 18, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century [[Odescalchi Castle]] in [[Bracciano]], in a Scientologist ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars.<ref>{{cite news |last=Soriano | first = César G | title =Mr. and Mrs. TomKat: Inside their fairy-tale wedding |work=USA Today | date = November 20, 2006 | url =https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-11-19-tomkat-highlights_x.htm |access-date =February 12, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061119/NEWS08/611190359 |title=Cruise, Holmes exchange vows in castle |work=Toledo Blade |date=November 19, 2006 |access-date=September 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203185150/http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20061119%2FNEWS08%2F611190359 |archive-date=February 3, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Their publicists said the couple had "officialized" their marriage in Los Angeles the day before the Italian ceremony.<ref>{{cite news| last= Sanminiatelli| first= Maria |date= November 19, 2006| title= Now they are one: The TomKat is officially united at long last| work= [[Orlando Sentinel]]}}</ref> There has been widespread speculation that their marriage was arranged by the Church of Scientology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/archive/katie_holmes|title=Holmes, Sweet Holmes| work= [[W (magazine)|W]]|date=August 2005|access-date=July 30, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130502020714/http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/archive/katie_holmes|archive-date=May 2, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2012/07/katie-holmes-cruise-has-left-the-building.html |title=An Inquiry Into the Very Public Private Marriage of Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise |work=Vulture|publisher=New York Media LLC |date=July 22, 2012|access-date=July 30, 2012}}</ref> [[David Miscavige]], the head of Scientology, served as Cruise's best man.<ref>{{cite news | title = Cruise and Holmes go on honeymoon |work=BBC News | date = November 19, 2006 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6160350.stm | access-date =February 10, 2007 }}</ref> On June 29, 2012, Holmes filed for divorce from Cruise.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes to divorce |url= http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/29/report-tom-cruise-katie-holmes-set-to-divorce/?|publisher=CNN Entertainment|date=June 29, 2012 |access-date=June 29, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Heyman|first=J.D.|title=Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes Are Divorcing |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20608003,00.html|work=People|date=June 29, 2012|access-date=June 29, 2012}}</ref> On July 9, the couple signed a divorce settlement worked out by their lawyers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Duke|first=Alan|title=Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes settle divorce|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/09/showbiz/cruise-holmes-divorce/index.html |publisher= CNN |access-date= July 9, 2012|date=July 10, 2012}}</ref> New York law requires all divorce documents remain sealed, so the exact terms of the settlement are not publicly available.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sternberg|first=Louis|title=Did Katie Holmes File for Divorce from Tom Cruise in New York to Protect Her Privacy?|url=http://www.louislsternberglaw.com/2012/07/14/did-katie-holmes-file-for-divorce-from-tom-cruise-in-new-york-to-protect-her-privacy/ | website= louislsternberglaw.com |date=July 14, 2012|access-date=July 14, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Scientology===<br />
[[File:Tom Cruise and Mimi Rogers.jpg|thumb|Cruise and Mimi Rogers at the 1989 Oscars]]<br />
Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the [[Church of Scientology]] and its associated social programs. Cruise was converted to Scientology by his first wife [[Mimi Rogers]] in 1986. His involvement in the religion was leaked by the tabloid ''[[Star (magazine)|Star]]'' in 1990, and he publicly admitted his faith in a 1992 interview with [[Barbara Walters]]. He is friends with the Church's chairman [[David Miscavige]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Wright|first=Lawrence|title=Going clear: Scientology, Hollywood, and the prison of belief|date=2013|isbn=978-0-307-70066-7|location=New York|oclc=818318033}}</ref> Cruise struggled with [[dyslexia]] at an early age<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20140587,00.html|title=Tom Cruise: My Struggle to Read|website=People.com|access-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref> and has said that Scientology, specifically the [[L. Ron Hubbard]] [[Study Tech]], helped him overcome dyslexia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cruise credits Scientology for his success| work=Today.com| date= May 24, 2005 |url= https://www.today.com/popculture/cruise-credits-scientology-his-success-wbna7968809| access-date= May 11, 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Advocacy of Scientology====<br />
In addition to promoting various programs that introduce people to Scientology, Cruise has campaigned for Scientology to be recognized as a religion in Europe. In 2005, the [[Council of Paris]] revealed that Cruise had lobbied French Interior Minister [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and Senate President [[Jean-Claude Gaudin]]. They described him as a militant spokesman for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.examiner.ie/breaking/story.asp?j=182470131&p=y8z47x994&n=182471074&x= |title=Paris snubs Scientology 'militant' Cruise |work=Irish Examiner|date=July 13, 2005 |access-date=April 15, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.prgparis.org/node/57 |language= fr| title= Tom Cruise ne sera pas citoyen d'honneur de Paris| place= Paris| agency= AFP| trans-title= Tom Cruise will not be an honorary citizen of Paris| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120425091546/http://www.prgparis.org/node/57 |archive-date=April 25, 2012 |date= July 12, 2005}}</ref> He also lobbied British Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] to recognize the church as a [[Nonprofit organization|tax-exempt nonprofit organization]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<br />
<br />
Cruise also personally lobbied [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]] officials on Scientology. In 2003 he convinced Deputy Secretary of State [[Richard Armitage (government official)|Richard Armitage]] and Vice Presidential Chief of Staff [[Scooter Libby]] to oppose the [[Scientology in Germany|non-recognition of Scientology]] in [[Germany]]. In 2004 he met Secretary of Education [[Rod Paige]] about endorsing Scientologist education methods as part of [[No Child Left Behind Act|No Child Left Behind]]. Former Scientologist [[Paul Haggis]] also claimed that Cruise attempted to convert celebrities such as [[James Packer]], [[Victoria Beckham|Victoria]] and [[David Beckham]], [[Jada Pinkett Smith|Jada Pinkett]] and [[Will Smith]], and [[Steven Spielberg]] to Scientology.<ref name=":0" /> <br />
<br />
Cruise co-founded and raised donations for [[Downtown Medical]] to offer New York City [[9/11]] rescue workers [[Purification Rundown|detoxification therapy]] based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard. This drew criticism from the medical profession<ref>{{cite news | last= O'Donnell| first= Michelle |date= October 4, 2003| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/04/nyregion/04DETO.html| title= Scientologist's Treatments Lure Firefighters| work= The New York Times}}</ref> and from firefighters.<ref>{{cite news|first=Roger |last=Friedman |title=Tom Cruise Can't Put Out These Fires |url= http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,238238,00.html#2 |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=December 22, 2006 |access-date=December 30, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070109070250/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C238238%2C00.html |archive-date=January 9, 2007 }}</ref> For such activities, Scientology leader [[David Miscavige]] created the Scientology Freedom Medal of Valor and awarded it to Cruise in late 2004.<ref name="vanity">{{cite web |title= What Katie Didn't Know |work= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date= October 2012 |first= Maureen |last= Orth |url= https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2012/10/katie-holmes-divorce-scientology}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Criticism of psychiatry====<br />
In January 2004, Cruise made the controversial statement: "I think psychiatry should be outlawed."<ref name=Desai>{{cite journal |last=Desai|first=Nimesh|title=Antipsychiatry: Meeting the challenge|journal=[[Indian Journal of Psychiatry]] |date=October–December 2005|volume=47|issue=4|pages=185–187|doi=10.4103/0019-5545.43048|pmid=20711302|pmc=2921130}}</ref> Further controversy erupted in 2005, after he openly criticized actress [[Brooke Shields]] for using the drug [[Paxil]] (paroxetine), an [[antidepressant]] to which she credits her recovery from [[postpartum depression]] after the birth of her first daughter in 2003. Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance and that psychiatry is a form of [[pseudoscience]]. In response, Shields argued that Cruise "should stick to saving the world from aliens and let women who are experiencing postpartum depression decide what treatment options are best for them".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Brooke Shields Lashes Out at Tom Cruise| url= http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1067822,00.html|date=June 2, 2005|work= People |location= New York City|access-date=July 8, 2018}}</ref> This led to a heated argument between [[Matt Lauer]] and Cruise on NBC's ''[[Today (NBC program)|Today]]'' on June 24, 2005.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8344309/ |title= In tense moment, Cruise calls Lauer 'glib'| website=[[NBC News]]| date= June 28, 2005}}</ref><br />
<br />
Medical authorities view Cruise's comments as furthering the social stigma of mental illness.<ref>{{cite journal| title= Psychotropic drugs: unhelpful and helpful comments| journal=[[The Lancet]] | publisher=[[Elsevier]]|location=London |volume=366| issue=9480| page=96| date= July 9, 2005 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66841-9 | pmid= 16010708| last1=The Lancet | s2cid=39293746 }}</ref> Shields herself called Cruise's comments "a disservice to mothers everywhere."<ref>{{cite news|last=Shields |first= Brooke |author-link=Brooke Shields |work= The New York Times|title=War of Words |date=July 1, 2005 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/opinion/01shields.html | access-date=January 20, 2009 }}</ref> In late August 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shields: Cruise apology was 'heartfelt' |url= https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-09-02-shields-cruise_x.htm|date=September 2, 2006|work=[[USA Today]]|agency=Associated Press |access-date=June 20, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
Scientology is well known for its [[Anti-psychiatry|opposition to mainstream psychiatry]] and the [[psychoactive drug]]s which are routinely prescribed for treatment.<ref name="vanity"/> It was reported that Cruise's anti-psychiatry actions led to a rift with director Steven Spielberg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.myway.com/celebgossip/pgsix/id/09_21_2005_1.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050930235723/http://entertainment.myway.com/celebgossip/pgsix/id/09_21_2005_1.html| title=Spielberg in Cruise Meltdown|archive-date=September 30, 2005|work=myway.com}}</ref> Spielberg had reportedly mentioned in Cruise's presence the name of a doctor friend who prescribed psychiatric medication. Shortly thereafter, the doctor's office was picketed by Scientologists, reportedly angering Spielberg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/24/hollywood-ending| title=Hollywood Ending|first= Ken |last= Auletta|date=July 24, 2006|work= [[The New Yorker]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
====YouTube video removal====<br />
{{main|Project Chanology#Tom Cruise video}}<br />
On January 15, 2008, a video produced by the Church of Scientology featuring an interview with Cruise was posted on [[YouTube]] by the [[Anonymous (hacker group)|Anonymous]]-linked group [[Project Chanology]], showing Cruise discussing what being a Scientologist means to him.<ref name="warne">{{cite news | last =Warne | first =Dan | title ='Anonymous' threatens to 'dismantle' Church of Scientology via internet | work=[[APC Magazine]] | publisher=[[National Nine News]] | date =January 24, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="knbc">{{cite news | title =Hacker Group Declares War On Scientology: Group Upset Over Church's Handling Of Tom Cruise Video | publisher=[[KNBC]] |location=Los Angeles| date =January 24, 2008 | url =http://www.knbc.com/news/15132759/detail.html | access-date =January 25, 2008 }}</ref> The Church of Scientology said the video had been "pirated and edited," and was taken from a three-hour video produced for members of Scientology.<ref name="knbc" /><ref name="Church of Scientology Slams German Tabloid">{{cite news | title =Report: Church of Scientology Slams German Tabloid for Publishing Comments Comparing Tom Cruise to Nazi Minister | publisher =[[Fox News]] | date =January 23, 2008 | url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,324885,00.html | access-date =January 25, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090605211418/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,324885,00.html | archive-date =June 5, 2009 | url-status=dead | df =mdy-all }}</ref> YouTube removed the Cruise video from their site under threat of litigation.<ref name="vamosi anonymous hackers">{{cite news | last =Vamosi | first =Robert | title =Anonymous hackers take on the Church of Scientology | work=[[CNET News]] | publisher=CNET Networks, Inc. | date =January 24, 2008 | url =http://www.news.com/8301-10789_3-9857666-57.html | access-date =January 25, 2008 }}</ref><br />
<br />
After YouTube investigated this claim, they found that the video did not breach copyright law, as it is covered by the [[fair use]] clause. It was subsequently reinstated on the site, and as of June 2020, the video has achieved over 15 million views. YouTube has declined to remove it again, due to the popularity of the video, and subsequent changes to copyright policy of the website.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFBZ_uAbxS0 |title= Tom Cruise Scientology Video – (Original UNCUT)| via= YouTube |date= January 17, 2008| access-date= July 1, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Scientology's purported influence on Cruise====<br />
In 2013, Cruise stated that ex-wife Katie Holmes divorced him in part to protect the couple's daughter Suri from Scientology. He also said that Suri is no longer a practicing member of the church.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tom Cruise Admits Katie Holmes Divorced Him To Protect Suri From Scientology|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/08/tom-cruise-katie-holmes-protect-suri-scientology_n_4240715.html?ir=Entertainment | work=[[The Huffington Post]] | first=Stephanie|last=Marcus|date=November 8, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2004, his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley, resigned. Cruise's next publicist was Lee Anne DeVette, Cruise's sister, who was herself a Scientologist. She served in that role until November 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117932447?categoryid=13&cs=1 |title=Cruise will go with pro|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Chris|last=Gardner|date= November 6, 2005|access-date=October 31, 2008}}</ref> DeVette was replaced with Paul Bloch from the publicity firm [[Rogers & Cowan|Rogers and Cowan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.tv.yahoo.com/entnews/eo/20051108/113151894008.html|title=Cruise Control Shifts Gears|date=November 8, 2005|work=Yahoo! Entertainment|archive-date=May 21, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060521205326/http://entertainment.tv.yahoo.com/entnews/eo/20051108/113151894008.html}}</ref> Such restructuring was seen as a move to curtail publicity of his views on Scientology, as well as the controversy surrounding his relationship with Katie Holmes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,1499693,00.html |title=What's eating Tom Cruise?|work=[[The Observer]] |location=London|first=Edward|last=Helmore |date= June 4, 2005|access-date=October 31, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/JustSaying/story?id=798031&page=1 |title=Is Tom's Love Life Cruisin' for a Bruisin'?|last=Oringer|first=Heidi|work=[[ABC News]]|date=May 31, 2005|access-date=October 31, 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Lawrence Wright]]'s 2013 book ''[[Going Clear (book)|Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief]]'' and [[Alex Gibney]]'s [[Going Clear (film)|2015 television documentary adaptation of the same name]] cast a spotlight on Cruise's role in Scientology. The book and the film both allege that the Church groomed romantic partners for Cruise and that Cruise used [[Sea Org]] and [[Rehabilitation Project Force]] workers as a source of free labor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/tom-cruises-secret-scientology-girlfriend-nazanin-boniadi-2015-3|title=Tom Cruise's secret Scientology girlfriend Nazanin Boniadi|date=April 1, 2015|work=Business Insider}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In the film, Cruise's former auditor [[Marty Rathbun]] claims that wife [[Nicole Kidman]] was wiretapped on Tom Cruise's suggestion, which Cruise's lawyer denies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/11370754/Scientology-leaders-ordered-Nicole-Kidman-wiretap-during-Tom-Cruise-marriage.html|title=Scientology leaders 'ordered Nicole Kidman wiretap' during Tom Cruise marriage|date=January 26, 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/618897/controversial-scientology-documentary-alleges-tom-cruise-wiretapped-nicole-kidman-s-phone-church-slams-claims|title=Controversial Scientology Documentary Alleges Tom Cruise Wiretapped Nicole Kidman's Phone, Church Slams Claims|work=E! Online|date=January 27, 2015}}</ref> Cruise's ex-girlfriend Nazanin Boniadi later compared the Church's auditioning of women to date Cruise and experiences with him to "[[white slavery]]."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-10|title=Nazanin Boniadi's FBI testimony: Cast as Tom Cruise's girlfriend by Scientology « The Underground Bunker|url=http://tonyortega.org/2017/05/10/nazanin-boniadi-fbi-testimony-cast-as-tom-cruises-girlfriend-by-scientology/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510133625/http://tonyortega.org/2017/05/10/nazanin-boniadi-fbi-testimony-cast-as-tom-cruises-girlfriend-by-scientology/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-05-10|access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
[[File:Cruise (cropped).JPG|thumb|upright|Cruise in 2010]]<br />
In 2006, ''Premiere'' ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor,<ref>{{cite web|title=The Power List 2006|url=http://www.premiere.com/best/2816/the-power-list-2006.html|work=Premiere|date=June 2006|access-date=July 29, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120121741/http://www.premiere.com/best/2816/the-power-list-2006.html|archive-date=January 20, 2007}}</ref> as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.premiere.com/newsletter/2851/the-power-list-2006-page13.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120122143/http://www.premiere.com/newsletter/2851/the-power-list-2006-page13.html | archive-date=January 20, 2007 | title=The Power List 2006 | work=Premiere | access-date=July 3, 2012}}</ref> The same year, ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine ranked him as the world's most powerful celebrity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/53/6YG2.html| title=Tom Cruise ranked 1 among The Top 100 Celebrities In 2006|work=Forbes |access-date=May 1, 2007|date=May 1, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617132837/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/53/6YG2.html|archive-date=June 17, 2006}}</ref> The founder of [[CinemaScore]] in 2016 cited Cruise and Leonardo DiCaprio as the "two stars, it doesn't matter how bad the film is, they can pull [the box office] up".<ref name="lawrence20160830">{{Cite news |url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/neon/las-vegan-s-polling-company-keeps-tabs-hollywood |title=Las Vegan's polling company keeps tabs on Hollywood |last=Lawrence |first=Christopher |date=August 30, 2016 |newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/tom-cruise-eyes-wide-shut-mission-impossible-top-gun-jack-reacher-a9177726.html|title=Why Tom Cruise is contemporary cinema's Peter Pan|date=October 31, 2019|website=The Independent|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
October 10, 2006, was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because of "his love for and close association with Japan."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/news/Cruise_Day_Declared_in_Japan/3563377 |title=Tom Cruise Day |website=Hollywood.com |access-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
While reviewing ''[[Days of Thunder]]'', film critic [[Roger Ebert]] noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/days-of-thunder-1990|title=Days Of Thunder movie review & film summary (1990) &#124; Roger Ebert|first=Roger|last=Ebert|website=www.rogerebert.com|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> Ebert listed nine key ingredients that make up the Tom Cruise Picture: the Cruise character, the mentor, the superior woman, the craft he must hone, the arena it takes place in, the arcana or knowledge he must learn, the trail or journey, the proto enemy, and the eventual enemy of the character. Some of Cruise's later films like ''[[A Few Good Men]]'' and ''[[The Last Samurai]]'' can also be considered to be part of this formula.<br />
<br />
''Widescreenings'' compares two of these Cruise characters in an article on the film ''[[A Few Good Men]]'',<blockquote><br />
[screenwriter] [[Aaron Sorkin]] interestingly takes the opposite approach of ''[[Top Gun]]'', where Cruise also starred as the protagonist. In ''Top Gun'', Cruise plays Mitchell who is a 'hot shot' military underachiever who makes mistakes because he is trying to outperform his late father. Where Maverick Mitchell needs to rein in the discipline, Daniel Kaffee needs to let it go, finally see what he can do.<ref name="widescreenings">{{cite web|url=http://www.widescreenings.com/few-good-men-analysis-review.html|title=Review and analysis: A Few Good Men|first=Inspired by R. Swanson and CrystalX by Vit|last=Dlouhy|website=Widescreenings.com|access-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Litigation==<br />
In 1998, Tom Cruise successfully sued the ''[[Daily Express]]'', a British tabloid which alleged that his marriage to Kidman was a [[sham marriage|sham]] designed to cover up his homosexuality.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/203779.stm |title=Cruise and Kidman win libel case |work=BBC News |date=October 29, 1998 |access-date=April 15, 2012}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In May 2001, Cruise filed a lawsuit against [[Gay pornography|gay porn]] actor Chad Slater. Slater had told the celebrity magazine ''[[Actustar]]'' that he had been involved in an affair with Cruise. This claim was strongly denied by Cruise,<ref>{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Simon|title=Cruise sues porn star over gay love claims|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1329163/Cruise-sues-porn-star-over-gay-love-claims.html|access-date=May 6, 2013|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=May 4, 2001|location=London}}</ref> and Slater was later ordered to pay $10&nbsp;million to Cruise in damages after Slater declared he could not afford to defend himself against the suit and would therefore default. Cruise requested a default judgment and, in January 2003, a Los Angeles judge decided against Slater after the porn actor said that his story was false.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/2664159.stm |title=Cruise wins 'gay' claims legal battle |work=BBC News |date=January 16, 2003 |access-date=April 15, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |first=Stephen|last=Silverman|url=https://people.com/celebrity/cruise-wins-10-million-in-gay-lawsuit/ |title=Cruise Wins $10 Million in Gay Lawsuit |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=January 16, 2003 |access-date=February 17, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Cruise also sued ''Bold Magazine'' publisher Michael Davis for $100&nbsp;million, because Davis had alleged (though never confirmed) that he had video that would prove Cruise was gay. The suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that the video was not of Cruise, and that Cruise was heterosexual.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/1686039.stm |title=Cruise gay claims dropped |work=BBC News |date=December 1, 2001 |access-date=April 15, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2006, Cruise sued [[cybersquatting|cybersquatter]] Jeff Burgar to obtain control of the TomCruise.com domain name. When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com. The decision to turn TomCruise.com over to Cruise was handed down by the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO) on July 5, 2006.<ref>{{cite web|author=Arbitration and Mediation Center |url=http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/decisions/html/2006/d2006-0560.html |title=WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2006-0560 |website=Arbiter.wipo.int |date=July 5, 2006 |access-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2009, Michael Davis Sapir filed a suit charging that his phone had been wiretapped at Cruise's behest. That suit was dismissed by a Central Civil West court judge in Los Angeles on the grounds that the [[statute of limitations]] had expired on Sapir's claim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celebuzz.com/2012-07-06/tom-cruise-accused-of-wiretap-conspiracy-with-convicted-criminal-anthony-pellicano-during-nicole-kidman-divorce-exclusive/|title=Tom Cruise Accused of Wiretap Conspiracy With Convicted Criminal Anthony Pellicano During Nicole Kidman Divorce|work=Celebuzz|date=July 6, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/tom-cruise-bert-fields-win-dismissal-wiretapping-suit-81691/|title=Tom Cruise, Bert Fields Win Dismissal of Pellicano Wiretapping Suit|work=TheWrap|date=March 18, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In October 2012, Cruise filed a lawsuit against ''[[In Touch Weekly|In Touch]]'' and ''[[Life & Style (magazine)|Life & Style]]'' magazines for [[defamation]] after they claimed Cruise had "abandoned" his six-year-old daughter.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.tmz.com/2012/10/24/tom-cruise-50-million-dollar-lawsuit-life-and-style-abandoned-suri/ | title=Tom Cruise Files $50 Mil Lawsuit Over Mag Claiming He Abandoned Suri | date=October 24, 2012 |work=TMZ | access-date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> During deposition, Cruise testified that due to his work load 110 days had passed without him seeing her. The suit was ultimately settled between the two parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/tom-cruise-settles-50m-lawsuit-reports-abandoned-suri-article-1.1554419|title=Tom Cruise settles $50M lawsuit over reports he 'abandoned' Suri|work=New York Daily News}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Tom Cruise: Mission: Impossible star seen filming latest movie on North York Moors |url=https://news.sky.com/story/tom-cruise-mission-impossible-star-seen-filming-latest-movie-on-north-york-moors-12281394 |work=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{{main|Tom Cruise filmography}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Tom Cruise}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Project Chanology#Tom Cruise video|Project Chanology § Tom Cruise video]]<br />
* [[Rock of Ages (2012 soundtrack)|''Rock of Ages'' soundtrack]] (2012)<br />
* [[Supercouple]]<br />
* ''[[Tom Cruise: Unauthorized]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Tom Cruise: All the World's a Stage]]'' (2006)<br />
* ''[[Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography]]'' (2008)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|group=n}}<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Tom Cruise|b=no|n=Tom Cruise|q=Tom Cruise|s=no|v=no|species=no|display=Tom Cruise}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.tomcruise.com|Tom Cruise}} – official site<br />
* {{AllMovie name|86295}}<br />
* {{Discogs artist|Tom Cruise}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|129}}<br />
* {{TCMDb name|id=41706|name=Tom Cruise}}<br />
* [https://www.yahoo.com/movies/tagged/tom-cruise Tom Cruise] on [[Yahoo! Movies]]<br />
* [http://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=worldcat_org_all&q=Tom+Cruise Tom Cruise] on [[WorldCat]] (libraries)<br />
<br />
{{Tom Cruise}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Tom Cruise|Awards for Tom Cruise]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor}}<br />
{{Empire Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Musical or Comedy}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Man of the Year}}<br />
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Performance}}<br />
{{People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actor Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Saturn Award for Best Actor}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cruise, Tom}}<br />
[[Category:Tom Cruise| ]]<br />
[[Category:1962 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Actors with disabilities]]<br />
[[Category:American aviators]]<br />
[[Category:American expatriates in Canada]]<br />
[[Category:American film producers]]<br />
[[Category:American male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:American people of English descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of German descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]<br />
[[Category:American Scientologists]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Scientology from Roman Catholicism]]<br />
[[Category:David di Donatello Career Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Former Roman Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:Glen Ridge High School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from New Jersey]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Ottawa]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Syracuse, New York]]<br />
[[Category:People from Glen Ridge, New Jersey]]<br />
[[Category:People from Syracuse, New York]]<br />
[[Category:People with dyslexia]]<br />
[[Category:Scientology and psychiatry]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Ghani&diff=138525Ashraf Ghani2021-08-19T06:16:50Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|President of Afghanistan (2014–2021)}} {{current person|date=August 2021}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} {{Infobox officeh..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|President of Afghanistan (2014–2021)}}<br />
{{current person|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| native_name = {{small|{{lang|ps|{{nq|اشرف غني}}}}}}<br />
| native_name_lang = pashto<br />
| image = Aschraf Ghani MSC 2017 2 (cropped modified).jpg<br />
| caption = Ashraf Ghani during the [[Munich Security Conference]], 2017<br />
| office = 14th [[President of Afghanistan]]<br />
| status = <br />
| vicepresident = *[[Abdul Rashid Dostum]], First Vice President (2014–2020)<br /> <br />
*[[Sarwar Danish]], Second Vice President (2014–)<br />
*[[Amrullah Saleh]], First Vice President (2020–) <br /><br />
| termstart = 29 September 2014<br />
| termend = 15 August 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[Hamid Karzai]]<br />
| successor = [[Amrullah Saleh]] (acting, claimed)<ref name="Saleh caretaker president">{{cite news |last1=Landay |first1=Jonathan |last2=Macfie |first2=Nick |last3=Boyle |first3=John |title=Afghan vice president says he is "caretaker" president |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/afghan-vice-president-says-he-is-caretaker-president-2021-08-17/ |access-date=17 August 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=17 August 2021}}</ref><br />
| 1blankname = {{nowrap|[[Chief Executive (Afghanistan)|Chief Executive]]}}<br />
| 1namedata = [[Abdullah Abdullah]] (2014–2020)<br />
| office2 = [[Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan)|Minister of Finance]]<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Hedayat Amin Arsala]]<br />
| president2 = [[Hamid Karzai]]<br />
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br />
| office1 = Chancellor of [[Kabul University]]<br />
| predecessor1 = Habibullah Habib<br />
| successor1 = [[Hamidullah Amin]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Anwar ul-Haq Ahady]]<br />
| birth_name = Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|05|19|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Logar Province|Logar]], [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| citizenship = [[Afghanistan]]<ref name="aspistrategist.org.au"/><br/>United States (1964–2009)<br />
| residence = [[Dubai]], [[Emirate of Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]]<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Rula Ghani]]|1975}}<br />
| relations = [[Hashmat Ghani Ahmadzai]] (brother)<br />
| children = 2, including [[Mariam Ghani|Mariam]]<br />
| education = [[American University of Beirut]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[Columbia University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])<br />
| term_start1 = 22 December 2004<br />
| term_end1 = 21 December 2008<br />
| term_start2 = 2 June 2002<br />
| term_end2 = 14 December 2004<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai''' ([[Pashto]]/[[Dari]]: {{lang|ps|{{nq|محمد اشرف غني احمدزی}}}}; born 19 May 1949) is an Afghan politician, academic, and economist who served as [[President of Afghanistan]] between September 2014 and August 2021. On 15 August 2021, the Taliban took control of [[Afghanistan]] and he fled the country to the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Graham|first=Natasha Turak,Emma|date=2021-08-18|title=Afghan President Ashraf Ghani resurfaces in UAE after fleeing Afghanistan, Emirati government says|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/18/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-is-in-uae-after-fleeing-afghanistan.html|access-date=2021-08-18|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-18|title=UAE says Afghanistan's Ghani is in Gulf Arab state|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/uae-says-afghanistans-ghani-is-gulf-arab-state-2021-08-18/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Reuters|language=en}}</ref> During his escape, the Afghanistan embassy in Tajikistan asked [[Interpol]] to apprehend him for embezzling public funds.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afghanistan Embassy in Tajikistan demands arrest of Ashraf Ghani over 'treasury theft'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/afghanistan-embassy-tajikistan-arrest-ashraf-ghani-treasury-theft-taliban-1842365-2021-08-18|access-date=2021-08-18|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ghani was first elected on 20 September 2014 and was re-elected on 28 September in the [[2019 Afghan presidential election|2019 presidential election]]. He was announced the winner after a protracted process in February 2020 and was sworn in for a second term on 9 March 2020. An [[Anthropology|anthropologist]] by education, he previously served as [[Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan)|Minister of Finance]] and the [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of [[Kabul University]].<br />
<br />
Before returning to [[Afghanistan]] in 2002, Ghani was a professor of anthropology at numerous institutions (mostly [[Johns Hopkins University]]), and later started working with the [[World Bank]]. As the Finance Minister of Afghanistan between July 2002 and December 2004, he led Afghanistan's attempted economic recovery after the collapse of the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Taliban government]].<br />
<br />
He is the [[co-founder]] of the [[Institute for State Effectiveness]], an organization set up in 2005 to improve the ability of states to serve their citizens. In 2005 he gave a [[TED talk]], in which he discussed how to rebuild a broken state such as [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/ashraf_ghani_on_rebuilding_broken_states|title=Ashraf Ghani: How to rebuild a broken state - TED Talk - TED.com|author=Ashraf Ghani|work=ted.com|access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor]], an independent initiative hosted by the [[United Nations Development Programme]]. In 2013 he was ranked 50th in an [[online poll]] to name [[FP Top 100 Global Thinkers|the world's top 100 intellectuals]] conducted by ''[[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]'' magazine and second in a similar poll run by ''[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/world-thinkers-2013/#.U5I875RdUQ4|title=World Thinkers 2013 – Prospect Magazine|work=prospectmagazine.co.uk|access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
An [[independent politician]], Ghani came in fourth in the [[2009 Afghan presidential election|2009 presidential election]], behind [[Hamid Karzai]], [[Abdullah Abdullah]], and [[Ramazan Bashardost]]. In the first round of the [[2014 Afghan presidential election|2014 presidential election]], Ghani secured 35% of the vote, second to Abdullah who secured 45% of the votes cast. However, in the second round Ghani secured around 55.3% of the votes while Abdullah secured around 44.7% of the votes cast. As a result, chaos ensued and the [[United States]] intervened to form a unity government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/28bd4a495dca4e508c2eafc3ce62deb3|title=Top 5 Afghan presidential candidates in Saturday's election|work=AP News|date=28 September 2019|first=Tameem|last=Akhgar|first2=Kathy|last2=Gannon}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ghani was re-elected when the final results of the [[2019 Afghan presidential election|2019 presidential elections]] were announced after a long delay on 18 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mashal|first=Mujib|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/world/asia/afghanistan-election-ashraf-ghani.html|title=After 5-Month Delay, Ashraf Ghani Is Named Winner of Afghan Election|date=18 February 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=18 February 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-election/ghani-named-winner-of-disputed-afghan-poll-rival-also-claims-victory-idUSKBN20C1PZ |title = Ghani named winner of disputed Afghan poll, rival also claims victory |access-date= 19 February 2020|newspaper = Reuters |date = 19 February 2020 }}</ref> He was sworn in as president for a second five-year term on 9 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Amid Controversy, Ghani Takes Oath of Office| work = TOLOnews| access-date = 9 March 2020| url = https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/amid-controversy-ghani-takes-oath-office}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Ghani was born on 19 May 1949 in the [[Logar Province]] in the [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]]. He belongs to the [[Ahmadzai (Ghilji clan)|Ahmadzai]] [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribe.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/biography/Ashraf-Ghani |title = Ashraf Ghani |publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date= 4 December 2015}}</ref><ref name ="Dawn">{{cite web |url= http://www.dawn.com/news/1097079 |title= Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai |publisher=Dawn |access-date= 4 December 2015|date= April 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
As a foreign exchange student, Ghani attended [[Lake Oswego High School]] in [[Lake Oswego, Oregon|Lake Oswego]], [[Oregon]] and graduated with the class of 1967. He initially wanted to study law but then changed his major to [[Cultural anthropology|cultural anthropology]]. Ghani attended the [[American University in Beirut]] where he earned his bachelor's degree in 1973, and after that, he won a government scholarship to attend [[Columbia University]], where he earned his master's degree in 1977. He only intended to be away for two years. However, after pro-Soviet forces came to power, most of the male members of his family were imprisoned, and Ghani stayed at [[Columbia University|Columbia]], earning a [[PhD]] degree in 1983. He met his future wife, [[Rula Ghani|Rula]], while studying there.<ref name="Britannica"/> His doctoral thesis was titled ‘Production and domination: Afghanistan, 1747-1901’.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani {{!}} World Leaders Forum|url=https://worldleaders.columbia.edu/directory/dr-mohammad-ashraf-ghani|access-date=2021-08-16|website=worldleaders.columbia.edu}}</ref> His thesis advisors included [[Conrad M. Arensberg]], [[Richard Bulliet]], [[Morton Fried]], and [[Robert F. Murphy (anthropologist)|Robert F. Murphy]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghani|first=Ashraf|date=1982|title=Production and domination: Afghanistan, 1747-1901|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.694.6197&rep=rep1&type=pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Academic career==<br />
Following his bachelor's degree, Ghani served on the faculty of [[Kabul University]] (1973–77) and [[Aarhus University]] in [[Denmark]] (1977). Following his PhD degree, he was invited to teach at [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1983, and then at [[Johns Hopkins University]] from 1983 to 1991. He has also attended the [[Harvard]]-[[INSEAD]] and [[World Bank]]-[[Stanford Graduate School of Business]]'s leadership training program. His academic research was on state-building and social transformation. In 1985, he completed a year of fieldwork researching [[Madrassas in Pakistan|Pakistani madrassas]] as a [[Fulbright Scholar]].<ref name="Britannica"/><br />
<br />
==World Bank==<br />
Ghani joined the [[World Bank]] in 1991, working on projects in [[East Asia|East]] and [[South Asia]] during the mid-1990s.<ref name="Britannica"/><br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
Returning to Afghanistan after 24 years in December 2001, Ghani left his posts at the UN and World Bank to join the new [[Politics of Afghanistan|Afghan government]] as the chief advisor to [[List of leaders of Afghanistan|President]] [[Hamid Karzai]] on 1 February 2002.<br />
<br />
After leaving Kabul University, Ghani co-founded the [[Institute for State Effectiveness]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isecenter.org|title=Institute for State Effectiveness|access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref> with [[Clare Lockhart]], of which he was chairman. The Institute put forward a framework proposing that the state should perform ten functions in order to serve its citizens. This framework was discussed by leaders and managers of post-conflict transitions at a meeting sponsored by the UN and World Bank in September 2005. The program proposed that double compacts between the international community, government and the population of a country could be used as a basis for organizing aid and other interventions, and that an annual sovereignty index to measure state effectiveness be compiled.<br />
<br />
Ghani was tipped as a candidate to succeed [[Kofi Annan]] as [[Secretary General of the United Nations]] at the end of 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unic.un.org.pl/sekretarz/wybory.php |title=Sekretarz generalny ONZ. Wybory 2006 |publisher=Unic.un.org.pl |access-date=29 March 2013}}</ref> in a front-page report in the ''[[Financial Times]]'' that quoted him as saying, "I hope to win, through ideas." Carlos Pascual of the Brookings Institution was also quoted, praising Ghani's "tremendous intellect, talent and capacity."<ref>{{cite web|title=Ghani joins race to succeed Annan|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/285df5a2-4673-11db-ac52-0000779e2340.html#axzz3IsFBjQMM|work=Financial Times|access-date=12 November 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2005, Ghani gave keynote speeches for meetings including the [[American Bar Association]]'s International Rule of Law Symposium, the Trans-Atlantic Policy Network, the annual meeting of the [[Norway|Norwegian]] Government's development staff, CSIS's meeting on UN reform, the UN–OECD–World Bank's meeting on Fragile States and TEDGlobal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://truetalk.typepad.com/truetalk/2005/07/ted_global__day_1.html|work=The TrueTalk Blog|title=Ted Global – Day 1|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004060320/http://truetalk.typepad.com/truetalk/2005/07/ted_global__day_1.html|archive-date=4 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> He contributed to the ''Financial Times'', ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', and ''[[The Washington Post]]''.<br />
<br />
===Finance Minister of Afghanistan===<br />
He carried out extensive reforms, including issuing a new currency, computerizing treasury operations, instituting a single treasury account, adopting a policy of balanced budgets and using budgets as the central policy instrument, centralizing revenue collection, tariff reform and overhauling customs. He instituted regular reporting to the cabinet, the public and international stakeholders as a tool of transparency and accountability, and required donors to focus their interventions on three sectors, improving accountability with government counterparts and preparing a development strategy that held Afghans more accountable for their own future development.<br />
<br />
Poverty eradication through wealth creation and the establishment of citizens' rights is the heart of Ghani's development approach. The [[Afghan National Solidarity Programme|National Solidarity Program]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nspafghanistan.org/|title=National Solidarity Program|access-date=14 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929075620/http://www.nspafghanistan.org/|archive-date=29 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> covers 13,000 of the country's estimated 20,000 villages.<br />
<br />
===2009 Presidential election===<br />
{{further|2009 Afghan presidential election}}<br />
[[File:Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai in July 2011.jpg|thumb|Ghani at a meeting in [[Panjshir Province]] in 2011]]<br />
<br />
In January 2009 an article by Ahmad Majidyar of the [[American Enterprise Institute]] included Ghani on a list of fifteen possible candidates in the [[2009 Afghan presidential election]].<ref name=AeiAfghanElections2009>{{cite news|url=http://www.aei.org/outlook/100003|title=Afghanistan's Presidential Election|quote=A world-renowned economist, Ahmadzai was a key figure in the formation of the post-Taliban government in Afghanistan. The chairman of the [[Institute for State Effectiveness]], he served as an adviser to the United Nations for the formation of the Bonn Agreement and as finance minister of Afghanistan from 2002 to 2004. His recent harsh criticism of Karzai’s government has prompted speculation that he may run for president. An ethnic Pashtun, Ahmadzai has not officially announced his candidacy.|date=January 2009|author=Ahmad Majidyar|publisher=[[American Enterprise Institute]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908041152/http://www.aei.org/docLib/20090129-No1MEO23850g.pdf|archive-date=8 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rashid |first1=Ahmed |title=Pakistan in the Brink |date=2012 |publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=9781846145858 |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 7 May 2009, Ashraf Ghani registered as a candidate in the [[2009 Afghan presidential election]]. Ghani's campaign emphasized the importance of: a representative administration; good governance; a dynamic economy and employment opportunities for the Afghan people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ashrafghani.af/campaign/archives/401 |title=Ashraf Ghani for President » Ashraf Ghani's registration for the 2009 Presidential Elections |publisher=Ashrafghani.af |access-date=29 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223210318/http://ashrafghani.af/campaign/archives/401 |archive-date=23 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unlike other major candidates, Ghani asked the [[Afghan diaspora]] to support his campaign and provide financial support.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.campaigncontribution.com/version6e/process/info.asp?id=7713A692-C078-4121-B961-7911606AA2D1 |title=Ashraf Ghani for President |publisher=Campaigncontribution.com |access-date=29 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223210327/https://www.campaigncontribution.com/version6e/process/info.asp?id=7713A692-C078-4121-B961-7911606AA2D1 |archive-date=23 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He appointed Mohammed Ayub Rafiqi as one of his vice president candidate deputies, and paid for the noted Clinton campaign chief strategist [[James Carville]] as a campaign advisor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=107006724 |title=James Carville Joins The Afghan Campaign Trail |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=29 July 2009 |access-date=29 March 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
Preliminary results placed Ghani fourth in a [[List of candidates in the Afghan presidential election, 2009|field of 38]], securing roughly 3% of the votes.<ref name="Sabawoon">{{cite news|date=20 August 2009|title=Preliminary Result of Afghanistan Presidential Contest|publisher=Sabawoon online|url=http://www.sabawoon.com/index.php?page=afghanelection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803012110/http://www.sabawoon.com/index.php?page=afghanelection|archive-date=3 August 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Reconstruction===<br />
On 28 January 2010, Ghani attended the [[International Conference on Afghanistan London 2010|International Conference on Afghanistan in London]], pledging his support to help rebuild their country. Ghani presented his ideas to Karzai as an example of the importance of cooperation among Afghans and with the international community, supporting Karzai's reconciliation strategy. Ghani said hearing Karzai's second inaugural address in November 2009 and his pledges to fight corruption, promote reconciliation and replace international security forces persuaded him to help.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-ariana.com/ariana/eariana.nsf/allDocs/36A56CC1685A5808872576BA0053F199?OpenDocument|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229163902/http://www.e-ariana.com/ariana/eariana.nsf/allDocs/36A56CC1685A5808872576BA0053F199?OpenDocument|url-status=dead|title=E-ariana.com|archive-date=29 February 2012|website=www.e-ariana.com|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Presidency==<br />
{{Further|2014 Afghan presidential election|Ghani cabinet}}<br />
[[File:Secretary Kerry meets Abdullah and Ghani 2014.jpg|thumb|left|President Ghani sitting with [[Abdullah Abdullah]] and [[John Kerry]] in July 2014]]<br />
[[File:Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai and Vladimir Putin, Ufa.jpg|thumb|Ghani with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] in [[Ufa]], Russia, 2015]]<br />
After announcing his candidacy for the 2014 elections, Ghani tapped General [[Abdul Rashid Dostum]], a prominent Uzbek politician and former military official in Karzai's government and Sarwar Danish, an ethnic Hazara, who also served as the Justice Minister in Karzai's cabinet, as his vice presidential candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ashrafghani.af/campaign/archives/1221 |title=Kick Out Karzai We Deserve a Second Chance |publisher=NPR |date=20 August 2009 |access-date=29 March 2013 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531154225/http://ashrafghani.af/campaign/archives/1221 |archive-date=31 May 2011 }}</ref> <br />
[[File:President Rouhani holding joint conference with Afghan President Ashraf Ghani in Saadabad Palace 01.jpg|thumb|Ghani meeting with Iranian President [[Hassan Rouhani]] in [[Saadabad Palace]]]]<br />
[[File:President Donald J. Trump and President Ashraf Ghani of Afghanistan at the United Nations General Assembly (36747065014).jpg|thumb|left|Ghani with U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] in October 2017]]<br />
[[File:200229-D-AP390-1129 (49603995457).jpg|thumb|Ghani with US Defense Secretary [[Mark Esper]] at the Dilkusha Mansion Garden of the [[Arg (Kabul)|Arg]] in Kabul]] <br />
[[File:President Joe Biden with President Ashraf Ghani and Chairman Abdullah Abdullah.jpg|thumb|Ghani with U.S. President [[Joe Biden]] in June 2021]]<br />
After none of the candidates managed to win more than 50% of the vote in the first round of the election, Ghani and Abdullah Abdullah, the two front runners from the first round, contested in a run-off election, which was held on 14 June 2014.<br />
<br />
Initial results from the run-off elections showed Ghani as the overwhelming favourite to win the elections. However, allegations of electoral fraud resulted in a stalemate, threats of violence and the formation of a parallel government by the camp of his opponent, Abdullah Abdullah. On 7 August 2014 US Secretary of State John Kerry flew to Kabul to broker a deal that outlined an extensive audit of nearly 8 million votes and formation of a national unity government with a new role for a [[Chief Executive Officer (Afghanistan)|chief executive officer]] who would carry out meaningful functions within the president's administration. After a three-month audit process, which was supervised by the United Nations with financial support from the U.S. government, the Independent Election Commission announced Ghani as President after Ghani agreed to a national unity deal. Initially, the election commission said it would not formally announce specific results. It later released a statement that said Ghani managed to secure 55.4% and Abdullah Abdullah secured 43.5% of the vote, although it declined to release the individual vote results. In September 2019, an explosion near an election rally attended by President Ashraf Ghani killed 24 people and injured 31 others, but Ghani was unhurt.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-election-blast-idUSKBN1W20UA|title=Blast kills 24 at Afghan election rally, aide says president unhurt|date=17 September 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=17 September 2019|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
At age 65, Ghani became the oldest inaugarated Afghan ruler since the foundation of the [[Durrani Empire]] in 1747. At his 2019 re-election, at age 70, he overtook [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]] to become the oldest incumbent president.<br />
<br />
=== Economy and trade ===<br />
During his tenure, Ghani has strengthened ties with [[Central Asia]]n countries such as Uzbekistan, with which it has made deals to increase mutual trading.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Putz |first1=Catherine |title=Ghani and Mirziyoyev Meet, Renew Afghan-Uzbek Ties |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/ghani-and-mirziyoyev-meet-renew-afghan-uzbek-ties/ |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=The Diplomat |date=6 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Uzbekistan, Afghanistan readying agreement on trade and cooperation in transit of goods |url=http://tashkenttimes.uz/economy/1038-uzbekistan-afghanistan-readying-agreement-on-trade-and-cooperation-in-transit-of-goods |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=The Tashkent Times |date=13 June 2017}}</ref> New trade routes have also been launched within the wider region. The [[Chabahar Port]] in Iran allows increased trading with India whilst avoiding Pakistani territory.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suba Chandran |first1=D. |title=India & Kabul play new round in Great Game: Chabahar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-kabul-play-new-round-in-great-game-chabahar-port-iran-pakistan-afghanistan-4914847/ |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=31 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> A railway line from [[Khaf, Iran|Khaf]] in Iran to [[Herat]] in Afghanistan is set to be opened in late 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Route of the Khaf – Herat railway {{!}} Railways of Afghanistan |url=http://www.andrewgrantham.co.uk/afghanistan/route-of-the-khaf-herat-railway/ |date=17 October 2017|website=andrewgrantham.co.uk |access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/region/135859.html |title= Khaf-Herat railroad to be launched in Iran soon |quote="Iran-Afghanistan railway networks through Khaf-Herat Railroad will be completed in the next few months," Yazdani said, according to Mehr news agency on August 3|date= 7 August 2018 }}</ref> In 2017, a railway line from Turkmenistan was extended to [[Aqina]] in Afghanistan, the precursor of the "Lapis Lazuli" transport corridor that was signed by Ghani that same year and would link Afghanistan to the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Black Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/business/122865.html|title=Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey create transport corridor|date=26 November 2017}}</ref> Other regional projects include the [[CASA-1000]] hydroelectricity transmission from Central Asia, and the [[Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline|TAPI]] gas pipeline, expected to be completed by 2018 and 2019 respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-tapi-pipeline-and-paths-to-peace-in-afghanistan|title=The TAPI Pipeline and Paths to Peace in Afghanistan|first=Barnett|last=Rubin|date=30 December 2015|work=The New Yorker|access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> In January 2018 at the inauguration of the Khan Steel iron [[smelting]] plant in Kabul, Ghani said that he is aiming for Afghanistan to become a [[steel]] exporter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/our-goal-turn-afghanistan-steel-exporter-ghani|title=Our Goal Is To Turn Afghanistan Into A Steel Exporter|publisher=[[TOLOnews]]}}</ref><br />
[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani.jpg|thumb|left|Ashraf Ghani with [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].]]<br />
In 2015, a survey conducted by the Afghan news channel [[TOLO News]] showed that the popularity of Ashraf Ghani in Afghanistan had fallen dramatically with only 27.5% of the respondents claiming that they were satisfied with his leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/01/ashraf-ghani-and-the-pashtun-dilemma/|title=Ashraf Ghani and the Pashtun Dilemma|date=18 January 2015|work=The Diplomat}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Relations with Pakistan===<br />
Since his election, Ghani wanted to improve relations with [[Pakistan]], which in turn could pave the way for peace talks with the Taliban. He made his first visit to Pakistan on 14 November 2014, meeting Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-islamabad-pakistan-taliban|title=Afghan president Ashraf Ghani arrives in Islamabad to build Pakistan ties|first=Agence France-Presse in|last=Islamabad|date=14 November 2014|website=the Guardian}}</ref> However, after many terror attacks in Afghanistan which were largely blamed on Pakistan, and failed Taliban peace talks, Ghani grew increasingly cold to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/183085-Ghani-and-Pakistan|title=Ghani and Pakistan|website=www.thenews.com.pk}}</ref> Ghani claimed that Pakistan had hit an "undeclared war of aggression" against Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-06/ghani-says-afghanistan-suffering-undeclared-war-from-pakistan|title=Ghani Says Afghanistan Hit by 'Undeclared War' From Pakistan|date=6 June 2017|work=Bloomberg|first=Eltaf|last=Najafizada|first2=Chris|last2=Kay|access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Following two deadly Taliban/[[Haqqani network|Haqqani]] attacks in Kabul in January 2018, Ghani called Pakistan the "center of the Taliban".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan/pakistan-center-taliban-ghani-tells-nation|title=Pakistan Is The Center Of Taliban, Ghani Tells The Nation|publisher=TOLOnews}}</ref> [[Tolo News]] while quoting an unnamed source alleged that Ashraf Ghani had refused to take a call from the Pakistani prime minister, instead he sent a [[National Directorate of Security|NDS]] delegation to hand over evidence that the terrorists were supported by Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/afghan-president-speaks-to-modi-not-to-pakistan-pm/articleshow/62724174.cms|title=Afghan President speaks to Modi, not to Pakistan PM|date=16 April 2018|via=The Economic Times|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064049/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/afghan-president-speaks-to-modi-not-to-pakistan-pm/articleshow/62724174.cms|archive-date=3 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, Afghan envoy [[Omar Zakhilwal]] rejected such reports regarding Ghani's phone call rejection with Pakistan prime minister. He stated that no phone call took place between the two leaders and that such reports are baseless.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ariananews.af/afghan-envoy-dismisses-reports-on-ghanis-phone-call-rejection-with-pak-pm-abbasi/|title=Afghan Envoy Dismisses Reports on Ghani's phone call Rejection with Pak PM Abbasi|work=Ariana News|date=31 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Relations with Taliban===<br />
In an interview with [[Vice News]], Ghani said that his 'heart breaks for Talibans'. He further stated that '[[Afghan Taliban|Talibans]] are Afghans and he is president of all Afghans'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ariananews.af/my-heart-breaks-for-taliban-they-are-afghans-ghani/|title='My Heart Breaks for Taliban, They Are Afghans' – Ghani|date=14 September 2018|work=Ariana News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914163337/https://ariananews.af/my-heart-breaks-for-taliban-they-are-afghans-ghani/|archive-date=14 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1tvnews.af/en/news/afghanistan/35798-ashraf-ghani-my-heart-breaks-for-taliban|title=Ashraf Ghani: 'My heart breaks for Taliban'|work=1TV News|date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916182832/http://www.1tvnews.af/en/news/afghanistan/35798-ashraf-ghani-my-heart-breaks-for-taliban|archive-date=16 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avapress.com/en/news/170781/ashraf-ghani-my-heart-breaks-for-taliban|title=Ashraf Ghani: 'My heart breaks for Taliban'|work=Afghan Voice Agency|date=15 September 2018}}</ref> Ashraf Ghani also said that he is willing to offer Afghan passports to the Taliban and to recognise them as a legitimate political group in Afghanistan, as an attempt to strike a peace deal with them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-01/afghanistan-offers-peace-talks-with-taliban/9495454|title=Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani offers passports to Taliban in bid to strike peace deal|work=Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)|date=1 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302015830/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-01/afghanistan-offers-peace-talks-with-taliban/9495454|archive-date=2 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2021, in an attempt to advance the peace talks, Ghani expressed his intentions of convincing the Taliban to hold fresh elections and allow forming of a new government through a democratic process.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shalizi |first1=Hamid |last2=Greenfield |first2=Charlotte |title=Afghan president says ready to discuss elections to advance talks with Taliban |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-politics-ghani/afghan-president-says-ready-to-discuss-elections-to-advance-talks-with-taliban-idUSKBN2AY0BI?il=0 |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=Reuters |date=6 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ghani blamed the Taliban for the [[2021 Kabul school bombing]], but Taliban spokesman [[Zabiullah Mujahid]] denied involvement in the attack, in a message released to the media.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jennifer|last=Hauser|title=At least 50 killed and over 100 wounded in blast near Kabul girls' school|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/08/asia/kabul-bomb-blast-school-intl/index.html|work=CNN|date=9 May 2021|access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Held|first1=Amy|last2=Nuyen|first2=Suzanne|date=May 9, 2021|title=Bombing Near Kabul School Kills At Least 50, Many Of Them Girls|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/08/995053653/bombing-near-kabul-school-kills-at-least-30-many-of-them-girls|url-status=live|website=NPR.org}}</ref> Many of the Kabul residents held Ghani responsible for the attack and raised loud chants against the Afghan government and security forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/9/afghans-grieve-after-deadly-blasts-target-school-girls-in-kabul|title=Grief and anger after deadly blasts target Afghan school|newspaper=Al Jazeera|date=9 May 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 2 August 2021, Ghani blamed the sudden [[Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)|withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan]] to the [[2021 Taliban offensive|advance of the Taliban]] and said the latter had not cut ties with terrorist organizations and had escalated attacks against women, which the Taliban denied.<ref>{{cite news |title=Afghan president blames worsening security situation on sudden U.S. pullout |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-blames-worsening-security-situation-sudden-us-pullout-2021-08-02/ |work=Reuters |date=2 August 2021}}</ref> On 11 August 2021, Ghani appealed to local warlords and private militias to fight the Taliban and also appealed to a popular uprising against the Taliban.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Omer Farooq |title=Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani tries to unite warlords as Taliban advance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/afghanistan-president-ashraf-ghani-tries-to-unite-warlords-as-taliban-advance/articleshow/85254373.cms |access-date=12 August 2021 |work=Times of India |date=12 August 2021}}</ref> On the same day, Pakistani Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]] reported that the Taliban would not negotiate or hold peace talks with the government as long as Ghani remains as the president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Imran Khan says Taliban won't talk to Afghan govt until Ashraf Ghani remains President |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/imran-khan-says-taliban-won-t-talk-to-aghan-govt-until-ashraf-ghani-remains-president-101628760415443.html |access-date=12 August 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 August 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Flight from Afghanistan===<br />
The Taliban took control of Afghanistan on 15 August.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=17 August 2021|title=Afghan women to have rights within Islamic law, Taliban says|language=|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58249952|access-date=17 August 2021}}</ref> That day, Ghani left Afghanistan with his wife and two close aides as the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Taliban captured Kabul]]. The [[Arg (Kabul)|Arg]], the presidential palace, was captured a few hours later by the group. Afghan officials stated that Ghani had left the presidential palace Sunday morning to go to the US embassy. He has since been described as the former president.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Rosenberg|first=Matthew|last2=Nossiter|first2=Adam|date=16 August 2021|title=After 7 Years of Failing to Fix Afghanistan, Ghani Makes a Hasty Escape|language=|work=[[New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/world/asia/afghanistan-president-ashraf-ghani.html|access-date=17 August 2021|issn=}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Dorman|first=John L|date=16 August 2021|title=Former Afghan President Ashraf Ghani said in May that the country's government could resist the Taliban 'forever' without US assistance|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/afghanistan-ashraf-ghani-confidence-taliban-resistance-us-troop-withdrawal-2021-8|url-status=live|access-date=17 August 2021|website=[[Business Insider]]|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-15|title=President Ashraf Ghani flees Afghanistan as Taliban enters Kabul|language=en|work=South China Morning Post|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3145084/joe-biden-approves-additional-us-forces-help-remove|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Trofimov|first=Yaroslav|date=August 15, 2021|title=Taliban Take Over Kabul as Afghan President Flees Country|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistans-taliban-seize-jalalabad-as-panic-grips-kabul-11629005282|access-date=August 15, 2021|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><br />
<br />
Later that day, Ghani wrote on his [[Facebook]] that he thought it was better for him to leave in order to avoid a bloodshed and called on the Taliban to protect civilians and said the Taliban now faced a "historic test".<ref>{{cite news |title=Afghan president says he left country to avoid bloodshed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-ghani-says-he-left-country-order-avoid-bloodshed-2021-08-15/ |access-date=15 August 2021 |agency=Reuters |date=15 August 2021}}</ref> On 18 August 2021, the United Arab Emirates acknowledged that Ghani and his family were in that country for "humanitarian considerations."<ref>{{cite news |title=Taliban violently disperse rare protest, killing 1 person |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-protest-kabul-jalalabad-61e4bfcc8027e3952ee85c448773299b |access-date=18 August 2021 |agency=Associated Press |date=18 August 2021}}</ref> He was granted stay by the government on humanitarian grounds.<ref>{{cite news |title=UAE says Afghanistan's Ghani is in Gulf Arab state |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/uae-says-afghanistans-ghani-is-gulf-arab-state-2021-08-18/ |access-date=18 August 2021 |agency=Reuters |date=18 August 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 17 August, the Taliban announced that they were actively working to form a government that would be announced over the coming days.<ref name=":0" /> The same day, first vice president [[Amrullah Saleh]] asserted that he was acting president, claiming that if the president is absent, escapes, resigns or dies then the first vice president becomes acting president.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|editor-last=Wertheimer|editor-first=Tiffany|title=Afghanistan crisis: Taliban give first press conference in Kabul|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-58219963|url-status=live|access-date=17 August 2021|website=[[BBC News]]|language=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Ghani is pro-modernist and a fond admirer of both [[Amanullah Khan|King Amanullah Khan]], who was a progressive Afghan monarch in the 1920s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://swn.af/english/Article.aspx?a=44826|title=Mohammad Ashraf Ghani joins presidential race|work=Salam Watandar|date=20 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2018/10/21/afghans-earned-democracy-under-ghazi-amanullah-khan-ghani|title=Afghans earned democracy under Ghazi Amanullah Khan: Ghani|date=21 October 2018|work=Pajhwok News}}</ref> and [[General]] ''[[Sardar]]'' [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]], a former [[Prime Minister of Afghanistan|Prime Minister]] of the [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]], who served as the first [[President of Afghanistan|President]] of the [[Republic of Afghanistan]] in the 1970s.<ref name="theglobepost">{{cite web|url=https://theglobepost.com/2018/11/07/afghanistan-daoud-ghani/|title=Daoud's Footprints: how Afghanistan's First President Influences Ghani|work=The Globe Post|date=7 November 2018|quote=Not surprisingly, as his popularity has been eroding among non-Pashtuns, the imitation of Daoud has served Ghani as a tool for promoting his profile amongst Pashtuns.}}</ref> Ghani also expressed anti-communist views when, in 2017, he compared the war against the Taliban "just like struggle back then against communism", and said that the jihad in Afghanistan had "helped liberate Eastern Europe from oppressive regimes".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Serdar Oguz |first1=Yuksel |title=Afghan president compares war against Taliban to Soviet invasion |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/afghan-president-compares-war-against-taliban-to-soviet-invasion/751098 |access-date=15 August 2021 |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=15 February 2017 |quote=On 28th anniversary of Soviet withdrawal, Ashraf Ghani says current struggle against terrorism is just like struggle back then against communism}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Afghan President Ashraf Ghani (15944769931).jpg|thumb|President Ghani at a conference in 2014]]<br />
Ashraf Ghani is married to [[Rula Ghani|Rula Saade]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014930142515254965|title=Afghan first lady in shadow of 1920s queen?|author=Tanya Goudsouzian|work=aljazeera.com|access-date=2 December 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122309/http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014930142515254965|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> who was born into a [[Christianity in Lebanon|Lebanese Christian]] family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2014/04/05/Afghanistan-s-next-first-lady-a-Christian-Lebanese-American-.html|title=Al Arabiya: Afghanistan's next first lady, a Christian Lebanese-American?|work=alarabiya.net|access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref> The couple married after they met during their studies at the [[American University of Beirut]], Lebanon during the 1970s.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/11127936/Ashraf-Ghani-inaugurated-Is-Afghanistan-ready-for-a-high-profile-first-lady.html|title=Ashraf Ghani inaugurated: Is Afghanistan ready for a high-profile first lady?|date=29 September 2014|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2 December 2015|last1=Alexander|first1=Harriet}}</ref> They eventually settled in the United States and obtained U.S. citizenship. However, Ghani [[renunciation of United States citizenship|renounced his U.S. citizenship]] in 2009 so he could run in Afghan elections.<ref name="aspistrategist.org.au">[http://www.aspistrategist.org.au/afghanistans-elections-ghani-vs-abdullah/ Afghanistan’s elections: Ghani vs Abdullah], by Brieana Marticorena. The Strategist. 19 August 2014.</ref><br />
<br />
Ashraf and Rula Ghani have two children, a daughter, [[Mariam Ghani|Mariam]], a [[Brooklyn]]-based visual artist,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/15/world/asia/as-afghan-first-lady-rula-ghani-steps-into-public-role-celebration-and-criticism.html|title=Jolting Some, Afghan Leader Brings Wife Into the Picture|first1=Declan|last1=Walsh|first2=Rod|last2=Nordland|date=14 October 2014|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> and a son, Tarek who was a National Security and Foreign Policy advisor to 2020 presidential candidate, [[Pete Buttigieg]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Tarek Ghani |url=https://www.c-span.org/person/?120956/TarekGhani |access-date=18 August 2021 |publisher=National Cable Satellite Corporation}}</ref>. Both were born in the United States and carry U.S. citizenship and passports. In an unusual move for a politician in Afghanistan, Ghani at his presidential inauguration in 2014 publicly thanked his wife, acknowledging her with an Afghan name, Bibi Gul.<ref name=telegraph /> "I want to thank my partner, Bibi Gul, for supporting me and Afghanistan," he said. "She has always supported Afghan women and I hope she continues to do so."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ghani-sworn-in-as-afghan-president-1411974821|title=Ghani Sworn In as Afghan President|first=Nathan|last=Hodge|first2=Margherita|last2=Stancati|date=29 September 2014|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ashraf Ghani also owns 200 acres of land in Surkhab area of [[Logar Province|Logar province]]. Abdul Baqi Ahmadzai, who is close to Ashraf Ghani, claims that Ashraf Ghani inherited a lot of land from his father. However, Ashraf Ghani bought this 200 acres of land separately in Logar province.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2019/01/22/taliban-collect-most-part-crop-harvest-ghani%E2%80%99s-land|title=Taliban collect most part of crop harvest from Ghani's land|date=22 January 2019|work=Pajhwok News}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ghani lost most of his stomach after suffering from [[cancer]] in the 1990s. It is said that Ghani wakes up every morning before five, and reads for two to three hours.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/04/ashraf-ghani-afghanistans-theorist-in-chief|title=Afghanistan's Theorist-in-Chief|first=George|last=Packer|authorlink=George Packer|magazine=The New Yorker|date=27 June 2016|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
He is the older brother of [[Hashmat Ghani Ahmadzai]], an [[Afghan]] [[politician]] who is the Grand Council Chieftain of the [[Kuchis]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fjJZAAAAIBAJ&pg=5720,4454552&dq=hashmat-ghani-ahmadzai+kuchi&hl=en|title=Poverty, violence put Kuchi nomads on road to nowhere|date=30 May 2006|work=[[Union Democrat]]|page=4B|access-date=13 May 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Controversy==<br />
On 2 February 2020, Ashraf Ghani made controversial remarks while talking about [[Timur]] and [[Muhammad of Ghor]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://8am.af/is-the-ethnic-look-correct-in-the-history-of-the-region/|title=Is the ethnic look correct in the history of the region?|newspaper=8am.af|lang=fa|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref> which angered the [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] population of Afghanistan.<ref name=remark2/> He made those remarks while delivering a speech to a group of Afghan students on History, Culture, and the National Identity.<ref name=remark2/><ref name=remark/> Ghani stated that Muhammad of Ghor destroyed Afghanistan’s central irrigation system while [[Genghis Khan]] demolished the irrigation system of the northern provinces. Ghani also referred to [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] conqueror [[Amir Timur]] by his Persian-origin epithet "Timur Lang" (Timur the Lame) and stated that Timur wiped-out the irrigation system for Sistan, [[Farah Province|Farah]], and [[Helmand]] provinces.<ref name=remark/> His remarks regarding Timur were considered offensive to Uzbeks, according to experts, and drew condemnation from Afghanistan's [[Uzbeks]] population.<ref name=remark2/><br />
<br />
Following his remarks, residents of [[Faryab province]] staged protests and demanded an apology from Ashraf Ghani. The protesters threatened that they would take serious action if Ghani did not apologize for his remarks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2189739958002031&id=1567827743526592|title=Faryab resident protest|lang=fa|date=2 February 2020|newspaper=Aamaj News}}</ref> [[Abdul Rashid Dostum]], former vice president of Afghanistan and an ethnic Uzbek, also demanded an apology from Ashraf Ghani. Bashir Ahmad Tahyanj, spokesperson of the National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan, said that "Ghani has a personal bias towards historic figures, honorable ethnicities, the history and culture of the people who live in Afghanistan. This is not his first time.”<ref name=remark2/> However, the Afghan government palace in a statement defended Ghani's remarks and stated that 'what Ghani said about Timur was not offensive or insulting'.<ref name=remark>{{cite news|url=https://www.khaama.com/ghanis-remarks-about-timur-gurkani-sparked-anger-among-afghanistans-uzbeks-789797909/|title=Ghani's remarks about Timur Gurkani spark anger among Afghanistan's Uzbeks|newspaper=Khaama Press|date=2 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=remark2>{{cite news|url=https://ariananews.af/insulting-any-tribe-ethnicity-group-is-offensive-by-law/|title=Insulting any tribe, ethnicity, group, is offensive by law|newspaper=Arina News|date=2 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://reporterly.net/live/newsfeed/sunday-february-2-2020/dustom-calls-on-president-ghani-to-apologize-for-his-remarks-about-uzbeks/|title=Dustom Calls on President Ghani to Apologize For His Remarks About Uzbeks|date=2 February 2020|publisher=Reporterly.net}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Afghanistan|Biography}}<br />
* [[Politics of Afghanistan]]<br />
* [[Economy of Afghanistan]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
{{Commons category|Ashraf Ghani}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100621015944/http://president.gov.af/ Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Office of the President]<br />
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8202387.stm Profile: Ashraf Ghani] – BBC News<br />
* [http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/116/article_4703.asp Afghan Elections Dossier – Ashraf Ghani, August 2009 – Radio France Internationale]<br />
* {{TED speaker}}<br />
* [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/04/ashraf-ghani-afghanistans-theorist-in-chief AFGHANISTAN’S THEORIST-IN-CHIEF; President Ashraf Ghani is an expert on failed states. Can he save his country from collapse?] 4 July 2016 ''[[The New Yorker]]'' issue by [[George Packer]]<br />
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04tcbd0 BBC Radio 4 Profile]<br />
* {{C-SPAN|ashrafghani}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-off}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Hedayat Amin Arsala]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan)|Minister of Finance]] | years=2002–2004}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Anwar ul-Haq Ahady]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Hamid Karzai]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of Afghanistan]] | years=2014–2021}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Amrullah Saleh]] <br> Acting, claimed}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Presidents of Afghanistan}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghani, Ashraf}}<br />
[[Category:1949 births]]<br />
[[Category:2000s in Afghanistan]]<br />
[[Category:2010s in Afghanistan]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Afghan politicians]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century anthropologists]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Afghan writers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century anthropologists]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century heads of state of Afghanistan]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan Sunni Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan anthropologists]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan anti-communists]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan expatriates in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan male writers]]<br />
[[Category:Afghan politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Center on International Cooperation]]<br />
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Finance Ministers of Afghanistan]]<br />
[[Category:Former United States citizens]]<br />
[[Category:Habibia High School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Kabul University faculty]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Pashtun people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Logar Province]]<br />
[[Category:People with acquired American citizenship]]<br />
[[Category:Presidents of Afghanistan]]<br />
[[Category:World Bank people]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neymar&diff=138524Neymar2021-08-19T06:12:21Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{For|the song by Capital Bra|Neymar (song)}}{{pp-blp|small=yes}} {{Pp-move-indef}} {{short description|Brazilian association football player}} {{EngvarB|date=May 2019}} {{Use..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{For|the song by Capital Bra|Neymar (song)}}{{pp-blp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{short description|Brazilian association football player}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=May 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{Portuguese name|first=|second=|suffix=Júnior}}{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Neymar<br />
| image = Bra-Cos (1) (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Neymar with [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]]<br />
| fullname = Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=FIFA World Cup Russia 2018: List of Players: Brazil |publisher=FIFA |page=4 |date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611000407/https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=11 June 2019}}</ref><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|2|5|df=y}}<ref name="achievements">{{cite web |title=Neymar |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2016-2017/neymar-jr |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=11 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812023551/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2016-2017/neymar-jr |archive-date=12 August 2017 }}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Mogi das Cruzes]], [[São Paulo state|São Paulo]], Brazil<ref>{{Cite web|title=Player Profile – Neymar Jr.|url=http://www.sportycious.com/player-profile-neymar-jr-91287/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621220136/http://www.sportycious.com/player-profile-neymar-jr-91287/|archive-date=21 June 2014|access-date=23 January 2021|website=www.sportycious.com}}</ref><br />
| height = 1.75 m<ref>{{cite web|title=2014 FIFA World Cup Squadlists|url=http://www.fifadata.com/document/fwc/2014/pdf/fwc_2014_squadlists.pdf|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=7 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Neymar|url=http://www.espnfc.com/player/132948/neymar|work=[[ESPN FC]]|access-date=7 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210234556/http://www.espnfc.com/player/132948/neymar|archive-date=10 February 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/neymar-jr "Neymar Jr. Profile"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424152715/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/neymar-jr |date=24 April 2014 }}. FC Barcelona.com. Retrieved 9 May 2014</ref><br />
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]<br />
| clubnumber = 10<br />
| youthyears1 = 1999–2003<br />
| youthclubs1 = [[Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos)|Portuguesa Santista]]<br />
| youthyears2 = 2003–2009<br />
| youthclubs2 = [[Santos FC|Santos]]<br />
| years1 = 2009–2013<br />
| clubs1 = [[Santos FC|Santos]]<br />
| caps1 = 177<!--LEAGUE AND STATE LEAGUE APPS, PER [[WP:FOOTY/Players]]--><br />
| goals1 = 107<!--LEAGUE AND STATE LEAGUE GOALS, PER [[WP:FOOTY/Players]]--><br />
| years2 = 2013–2017<br />
| clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]<br />
| caps2 = 123<!--ONLY LEAGUE APPS & GOALS--><br />
| goals2 = 68<!--ONLY LEAGUE APPS & GOALS--><br />
| years3 = 2017–<br />
| clubs3 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]<br />
| caps3 = 70<!--ONLY LEAGUE APPS & GOALS--><br />
| goals3 = 56<!--ONLY LEAGUE APPS & GOALS--><br />
| nationalyears1 = 2009<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-17 football team|Brazil U17]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = 3<br />
| nationalgoals1 = 1<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2011<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 7<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 9<br />
| nationalyears3 = 2012–2016<br />
| nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil Olympic]]<br />
| nationalcaps3 = 14<br />
| nationalgoals3 = 8<br />
| nationalyears4 = 2010–<br />
| nationalteam4 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]]<br />
| nationalcaps4 = 111<br />
| nationalgoals4 = [[List of international goals scored by Neymar|68]]<br />
| club-update = 23 May 2021<br />
| nationalteam-update = 10 July 2021<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|Football]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Country|{{fb|BRA}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|W|[[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013 Brazil]]|}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}}<br />
{{Medal|RU|[[2021 Copa América|2021 Brazil]]|}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team]]}}<br />
| module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes<br />
| signature = Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior signature.svg<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior''' (born 5 February 1992), known as '''Neymar''', is a Brazilian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Ligue 1]] club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] and the [[Brazil national football team|Brazil national team]]. He is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2020|title=Neymar is the most decisive player in the world|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/08/19/5f3c54a2268e3e9f428b4584.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819041802/https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/08/19/5f3c54a2268e3e9f428b4584.html|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 August 2020|website=MARCA in English|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2020|title=Neymar now back on track to replace Lionel Messi as the world's best player|url=https://www.squawka.com/en/neymar-stats-worlds-best-player-lionel-messi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927110022/https://www.squawka.com/en/neymar-stats-worlds-best-player-lionel-messi/|archive-date=27 September 2020|access-date=19 August 2020|website=Squawka|language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar came into prominence at [[Santos FC|Santos]], where he made his professional debut aged 17. He helped the club win two successive [[Campeonato Paulista]] championships, a [[Copa do Brasil]], and the [[2011 Copa Libertadores]]; the latter being Santos' first since 1963. Neymar was twice named the [[South American Footballer of the Year]], in [[2011 South American Footballer of the Year|2011]] and [[2012 South American Footballer of the Year|2012]], and soon relocated to Europe to join [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]. As part of Barcelona's attacking trio with [[Lionel Messi]] and [[Luis Suárez]], he won the [[Treble (association football)|continental treble]] of [[La Liga]], the [[Copa del Rey]], and the [[UEFA Champions League]], and finished third for the [[FIFA Ballon d'Or]] in [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2015]] for his performances. He then attained a [[Double (association football)|domestic double]] in the [[2015–16 FC Barcelona season|2015–16 season]]. In 2017, Neymar transferred to Paris Saint-Germain in a move worth €222 million, making him [[List of most expensive association football transfers|the most expensive player ever]].{{refn|group=note|Although Barcelona did not classify Neymar's €222 million buyout clause as a transfer fee, it was functionally identical to a transfer fee, since it cancelled his then-current contract with Barcelona (as in a typical transfer). The payment, provided by an unknown source, made him the most expensive football player.<ref name="FCB Neymar">{{cite press release|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|title=FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar Jr|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171515/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros|date=3 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>}} In France, Neymar won three league titles, three [[Coupe de France]], and two [[Coupe de la Ligue]], which included a domestic treble and being voted [[Ligue 1 Player of the Year]] in his debut season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neymar named Ligue 1 Player of Year as PSG dominate|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-named-ligue-1-player-of-the-year-as-psg-dominate/6nc1rt5tr1ug1g0sbb8gclr4w|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026115818/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-named-ligue-1-player-of-the-year-as-psg-dominate/6nc1rt5tr1ug1g0sbb8gclr4w|archive-date=26 October 2019|access-date=13 July 2018|work=Goal}}</ref> Neymar helped PSG attain a domestic [[List of association football teams to have won four or more trophies in one season|quadruple]] in the [[2019–20 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2019–20 season]], and led the club to its first ever [[2020 UEFA Champions League Final|Champions League Final]].<br />
<br />
With 68 goals in 111 matches for Brazil since debuting at age 18, Neymar is the [[Brazil national football team#Top goalscorers|second highest goalscorer]] for his national team, trailing only [[Pelé]]. He was a key player in Brazil's victories at the [[2011 South American Youth Championship]], where he finished as leading goalscorer, and the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]], where he won the [[Golden Ball (FIFA Confederations Cup)|Golden Ball]] as player of the tournament. His participation in the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] and [[2015 Copa América]] was cut short by injury and a suspension, respectively, before captaining Brazil to their first Olympic gold medal in [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|men's football]] at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]]. Two years later, having renounced the captaincy, he featured at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]], and after missing the [[2019 Copa América]] through injury, helped Brazil to a runner-up finish at the [[2021 Copa América|2021 tournament]].<br />
<br />
Off the pitch, Neymar ranks among the world's most prominent sportsmen. ''[[SportsPro]]'' named him the most marketable athlete in the world in 2012 and 2013, and [[ESPN]] cited him as the world's fourth-most famous athlete in 2016. In 2017, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' included him in its annual list of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2018, ''[[France Football]]'' ranked Neymar the world's third highest-paid footballer. The following year, ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked him the [[Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes|world's third highest-paid athlete]],<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news|title=Lionel Messi edges out Cristiano Ronaldo to head Forbes top 100 highest paid athletes|agency=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/48602166?isBumped=0&postFreq=0&isEmpty=0&isProfane=0&tooLong=0&charCount=0&isAwaitingProcessPreMod=0&isSubmitted=1&filter=none&initial_page_size=10&postId=135105092|url-status=live|access-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124023703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/48602166?isBumped=0&postFreq=0&isEmpty=0&isProfane=0&tooLong=0&charCount=0&isAwaitingProcessPreMod=0&isSubmitted=1&filter=none&initial_page_size=10&postId=135105092|archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref> dropping a spot to fourth in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 May 2020|title=The World's Highest-Paid Athletes 2020 - Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/athletes/#5f15680855ae|access-date=30 November 2020|website=Forbes}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior was born in [[Mogi das Cruzes]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], to Neymar Santos Sr. and Nadine da Silva. He inherited his name from his father, who is a former footballer and became his son's advisor as Neymar's talents began to grow.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.theage.com.au/sport/soccer/soccer-prodigy-neymar-is-at-home-in-brazil-20120710-21t7j.html | title = Soccer prodigy Neymar is at home in Brazil | work = The Age | access-date = 10 July 2012 | location = Melbourne | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131109123657/http://www.theage.com.au/sport/soccer/soccer-prodigy-neymar-is-at-home-in-brazil-20120710-21t7j.html | archive-date = 9 November 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Neymar comments on his father's role: "My father has been by my side since I was little. He takes care of things, my finances and my family."<ref name="Samba Star" /> Growing up, Neymar combined his love of [[futsal]] with [[street football]].<ref name="Back Page">{{cite web | url = http://backpagefootball.com/transfers/neymar-da-silva-santos-junior-the-world%E2%80%99s-hottest-property-2/ | title = Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior – The World's Hottest Property? | work = Back Page Football | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111117105022/http://backpagefootball.com/transfers/neymar-da-silva-santos-junior-the-world%E2%80%99s-hottest-property-2/ | archive-date = 17 November 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Neymar said that futsal had a massive influence on him growing up, helping him develop his technique, speed of thought and ability to perform moves in tight spaces.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Top 10 Pros Playing Today Who Started Off with Street Football and Futsal|url=https://urbanpitch.com/top-10-pros-playing-today-started-off-street-football/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813055959/https://urbanpitch.com/top-10-pros-playing-today-started-off-street-football/|archive-date=13 August 2020|access-date=15 January 2021|website=FutsalFeed}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2003, Neymar moved with his family to [[São Vicente, São Paulo|São Vicente]], where he began playing for youth side [[Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos)|Portuguesa Santista]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://m.globoesporte.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/noticia/2012/11/atuacao-brilhante-pelo-sub-12-da-briosa-quase-fez-neymar-ir-para-rival.html| title=Performance by the under-12 Briosa almost did Neymar hit with São Paulo| date=7 January 2013| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928144251/http://m.globoesporte.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/noticia/2012/11/atuacao-brilhante-pelo-sub-12-da-briosa-quase-fez-neymar-ir-para-rival.html| archive-date=28 September 2013| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Then, later in 2003, they moved to [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], where Neymar joined [[Santos FC]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://soccertalk.us/soccer-news/the-trajectory-of-a-soccer-star-neymar/| title=The Trajectory of a Soccer Star – Neymar| date=7 January 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613084109/http://soccertalk.us/soccer-news/the-trajectory-of-a-soccer-star-neymar| archive-date=13 June 2013| df=dmy-all| access-date=7 January 2013}}</ref> With the success of his youth career and added income, the family bought their first property, a house next to Vila Belmiro, Santos' home stadium. Their quality of family life improved, as at age 15, Neymar was earning 10,000 [[Brazilian real|reais]] per month and at 16, 125,000 reais per month. At 17, he signed his first full professional contract, was upgraded to the Santos first team, and began signing his first [[sponsor (commercial)|sponsor]]ship deals.<ref name="Merca Foot">{{cite news |url=http://mercafoot.com/page/neymar-el-barcelona-piensa-en-su-fichaje-pero-podria-ser-sin-pep-guardiola-en-el-banquillo.html |title=Neymar: without Pep Guardiola on the Barce bench |work=Merca Foot |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |archive-date=11 June 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Club career==<br />
===Santos===<br />
====Youth====<br />
Neymar began playing football at an early age and he was soon spotted by [[Santos FC]] who offered him a contract in 2003, where he was inducted into their [[Football academy|youth academy]], which has, in the past, produced Brazilian internationals like [[Antônio Wilson Vieira Honório|Coutinho]], [[Clodoaldo]], [[Diego (footballer, born 1985)|Diego]], [[Elano]] and [[Alex (footballer, born 1982)|Alex]]. He also joined the likes of [[José Macia|Pepe]], [[Pelé]] and [[Robinho]] in starting out his career at the club, nicknamed ''Peixe''.<ref name="Santos Player Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.santosfc.com.br/futebol/elenco/jogador.asp?i=2|title=Atacantes – Neymar|publisher=Santos Futebol Clube|language=pt|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121204183020/http://www.santosfc.com.br/futebol/elenco/jogador.asp?i=2|archive-date=4 December 2012}}</ref> While in the youth academy, Neymar met [[Paulo Henrique Ganso]], becoming good friends in the process. Aged 14, Neymar travelled to Spain for try outs with the [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] youth team, at the time when Real had stars like [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]], [[Zinedine Zidane]], [[David Beckham]], [[Roberto Carlos]] and Robinho. He did not stay in Madrid, however, as his father decided at the time that he preferred the young prodigy to keep growing up while playing at Santos.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/sports/soccer/neymar-soccer-prodigy-is-at-home-in-brazil.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 "Soccer Prodigy, at Home in Brazil"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805062720/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/sports/soccer/neymar-soccer-prodigy-is-at-home-in-brazil.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |date=5 August 2017 }}. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 22 May 2014</ref><ref>Neymar Sr.'s own words explaining the decision, as translated in the referred source: “We’re from a humble family, and in a humble family there is always the question of cultural values,” he said. “We thought he had to grow up in Brazil. That was the first serious choice we had to make.”</ref><br />
<br />
====2009: Debut season====<br />
Neymar made his professional debut on 7 March 2009, despite being only 17 years old. He was brought on for the last thirty minutes, in a 2–1 win against [[Oeste Futebol Clube|Oeste]].<ref name="Back Page"/> The following week he scored his first goal for Santos against [[Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube|Mogi Mirim]]. One month later, on 11 April, Neymar scored the decisive goal in a 2–1 win against [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]] in the [[Campeonato Paulista 2009#Semi-finals|2009 Campeonato Paulista semi-final first leg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/estaduais/2009/interna/0,,OI3697654-EI12403,00-Neymar+da+vantagem+ao+Santos+no+duelo+com+Palmeiras.html|title=Neymar dá vantagem ao Santos no duelo com Palmeiras|date=11 April 2009|publisher=Terra|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331074815/http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/estaduais/2009/interna/0%2C%2COI3697654-EI12403%2C00-Neymar%20da%20vantagem%20ao%20Santos%20no%20duelo%20com%20Palmeiras.html|archive-date=31 March 2012}}</ref> In the final, however, Santos suffered a 4–2 aggregate defeat to [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/estaduais/2009/interna/0,,OI3741998-EI12403,00-Invicto+Corinthians+segura+Santos+e+e+campeao+paulista.html|title=Invicto, Corinthians segura Santos e é campeão paulista|date=3 May 2009|publisher=Terra|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008005558/http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/estaduais/2009/interna/0%2C%2COI3741998-EI12403%2C00-Invicto%20Corinthians%20segura%20Santos%20e%20e%20campeao%20paulista.html|archive-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> In his first season, Neymar racked up 14 goals in 48 games.<ref name="Back Page"/><br />
<br />
====2010: Campeonato Paulista success====<br />
{{Quote box|width=26%|align=right|quote="The 18-year-old is a magnificent prospect. He is sleek and skilful, able to beat the defender on either side, capable of combining well, and full of tricks he can put to productive use in and around the penalty area."|source=—South American football journalist [[Tim Vickery]] on Neymar in 2010.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/timvickery/2010/08/neymar_hailed_for_premier_leag.html "Neymar hailed for Premier League snub"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |date=11 June 2015 }}. BBC Sport. Retrieved 14 January 2015</ref>}}<br />
Neymar continued his ascendancy in 2010, and, on 15 April 2010, he scored five goals for Santos in an 8–1 rout of [[Guarani FC|Guarani]] in the qualifying stages of the Brazilian Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsn.com/2010/04/15/football/match-summaries/brazil/brazilian-cup/santos-sp_vs_guarani-sp/|title=Santos SP vs Guarani SP|date=15 April 2010|publisher=wsn.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612042830/http://www.wsn.com/2010/04/15/football/match-summaries/brazil/brazilian-cup/santos-sp_vs_guarani-sp/|archive-date=12 June 2010}}</ref> Following the 2010 Campeonato Paulista in which Neymar scored 14 goals in 19 games,<ref name="Santos Player Profile"/> the club were crowned champions after a 5–5 aggregate win over [[Esporte Clube Santo André|Santo André]] in the finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2010/05/03/santos-take-the-paulista-%E2%80%93-but-only-just|title=Santos take the Paulista – but only just.|date=3 May 2010|publisher=Pitaco do Gringo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103014240/http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2010/05/03/santos-take-the-paulista-%E2%80%93-but-only-just/|archive-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Neymar was subsequently given the award for the best player in the competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Futebol/Campeonato_Paulista/0,,MUL1586454-9839,00.html|title=Meninos da Vila comandam a festa de encerramento do Paulistão 2010|date=4 May 2010|work=GloboEsporte|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507192041/http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Futebol/Campeonato_Paulista/0%2C%2CMUL1586454-9839%2C00.html|archive-date=7 May 2010}}</ref><br />
Neymar's performances for Santos have drawn comparisons to other Brazilians, including Robinho and Brazilian legend Pelé.<ref name="Neymar Scouting">{{cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/transfers/scout/0,24035,15198_6067212,00.html |title=Sky Sports Scout – Neymar |date=8 April 2010 |publisher=Sky Sports |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412080328/http://www.skysports.com/football/transfers/scout/0%2C24035%2C15198_6067212%2C00.html |archive-date=12 April 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2010, Santos rejected a £12&nbsp;million bid for him from English [[Premier League]] team [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 July 2010|title=West Ham chasing Brazilian Neymar|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/west-ham/7867750/West-Ham-chasing-Brazilian-Neymar.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109015311/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/west-ham/7867750/West-Ham-chasing-Brazilian-Neymar.html|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=Telegraph}}</ref> and later an offer from another English club, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], reported to be in the region of £20&nbsp;million.<ref name=chelseachase>[http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11668_6313845,00.html Chelsea continue Neymar chase] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817141919/http://www.skysports.com/story/0%2C19528%2C11668_6313845%2C00.html |date=17 August 2010 }} Sky Sports, 15 August 2010</ref> Despite Santos unwillingness to sell and Neymar himself insisting "I'm focused only on Santos",<ref name="Brazilians want Neymar">{{cite web|url=http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1228480&lang=eng_news&cate_img=145.jpg&cate_rss=news_Sports|title=Brazilians want young striker Neymar in World Cup|date=15 April 2010|work=Taiwan News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825192428/http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1228480&lang=eng_news&cate_img=145.jpg&cate_rss=news_Sports|archive-date=25 August 2013}}</ref> his agent, Wagner Ribeiro, indicated that Neymar's career was elsewhere, stating "He wants to become the best player in the world. The chances of him doing that while playing in Brazil are zero."<ref name="chelseachase"/> Although one year later Neymar admitted, in an interview with the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'', that he had been happy with Chelsea's interest in him as it was a "dream" of his "to play in Europe", while also stating that at the time it had been the right decision to stay in Brazil.<ref>[http://www.caughtoffside.com/2011/05/19/brazilian-starlet-neymar-makes-it-clear-he-wants-chelsea-move/ Brazilian Starlet Neymar Makes It Clear He Wants Chelsea Move] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830151005/http://www.caughtoffside.com/2011/05/19/brazilian-starlet-neymar-makes-it-clear-he-wants-chelsea-move/ |date=30 August 2011 }} caughtoffside</ref><br />
<br />
On 30 November 2010, Santos sold a 5% share of future transfer fees that he would receive to an investment group, Terceira Estrela Investimentos S.A. (TEISA), for [[Brazilian real|R$]] 3,549,900 (€1.5&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.santosfc.com.br/noticias/conteudo.asp?id=23416 |title=NOTA OFICIAL: Santos FC esclarece relação com a Terceira Estrela Investimentos S.A. |date=2 December 2010 |access-date=21 January 2011 |work=Santos FC |language=pt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120703024825/http://www.santosfc.com.br/noticias/conteudo.asp?id=23416 |archive-date=3 July 2012 }}</ref> The previous year, his family had sold a 40% stake in Neymar's sporting rights to the [[DIS Esporte|DIS Esporte group]] who had been a long-term strategic partner of Santos' football club.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Santos/0,,MUL1007192-9874,00.html|title=Parceiro do Peixe negocia compra de Neymar e garoto deve renovar vínculo|date=18 February 2009|access-date=5 June 2011|work=GloboEsporte|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112065350/http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Santos/0%2C%2CMUL1007192-9874%2C00.html|archive-date=12 November 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
Despite his first two seasons being highly successful, having ended the 2010 season with an impressive 42 goals in 60 games, problems had been identified, namely Neymar's apparent taste for diving when tackled, rather than attempting to continue his run, and his attitude. The latter came to the forefront during a match with [[Atlético Clube Goianiense|Atlético Goianiense]], on 15 September 2010, when the Santos' manager, [[Dorival Júnior]], appointed another player to take the penalty awarded for a foul on Neymar. His decision was based on the fact that Neymar had missed a crucial penalty during the [[Copa do Brasil 2010#Final phase|Copa do Brasil final]] of that year, even if Santos went on to win. Reacting to this, Neymar turned his back on his manager, had to be calmed down by a linesman and argued with his captain, [[Edu Dracena]]. The fallout from this event was that Dorival Júnior wished to have Neymar suspended for two weeks, but the board sided with the player and promptly sacked the manager. Despite Neymar's apologies over the incident, some doubts still remain about his attitude.<ref name="Back Page" /> In December 2010, aged just 18, Neymar came third for the [[2010 South American Footballer of the Year]], behind [[Andrés D'Alessandro]] and [[Juan Sebastián Verón]].<ref>[https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/30122010/2/d-alessandro-named-latin-america-player-year.html "D'Alessandro named Latin America player of the year"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523012746/https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/30122010/2/d-alessandro-named-latin-america-player-year.html |date=23 May 2014 }}. Reuters. Retrieved 22 May 2014</ref><br />
<br />
====2011: Puskás Award====<br />
[[File:Neymar Junior the Future of Brazil 2.jpg|right|thumb|Neymar playing for Santos against [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] in the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final]] in Yokohama, Japan]]<br />
<br />
Neymar scored six goals during Santos run to the [[2011 Copa Libertadores Finals]], tying him for third top goalscorer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/fse/libertadores/stats |title=Estadísticas Copa Santander Libertadores – Información de equipos al instante – Fox Deportes |work=Fox Sports |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309165341/http://msn.foxsports.com/fse/libertadores/stats |archive-date=9 March 2011 }}</ref> including the clinching goal of Santos' 4–3 aggregate win over [[Cerro Porteño]] in the semi-finals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102833.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909145558/http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102833.html|url-status=dead|title=Ficha del partido|archive-date=9 September 2011}}</ref> In the two-legged final, Santos faced Uruguayan side [[C.A. Peñarol|Peñarol]] and drew the first leg 0–0 in [[Montevideo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102835.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910043725/http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102835.html|url-status=dead|title=Ficha del partido|archive-date=10 September 2011}}</ref> At home in the second leg, Neymar opened the scoring in the 46th minute as Santos held on for a 2–1 win and Neymar won Man of the Match honours.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102836.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909073827/http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102836.html|url-status=dead|title=Ficha del partido|archive-date=9 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/60013/santos-futebol-clube-vs-pe%C3%B1arol/report |title=Santos take home Copa Libertadores crown |work=Goal.com |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015121802/http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/60013/santos-futebol-clube-vs-pe%C3%B1arol/report |archive-date=15 October 2012 }}</ref> The win brought Santos their first [[Copa Libertadores]] triumph since 1963, when Brazilian legend Pelé was playing for the club.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sturtridge |first=Tim |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/neymar-delivers-copa-libertadores-triumph-to-santos-2301529.html |title=Neymar delivers Copa Libertadores triumph to Santos – World Cup 2014 – Football |work=The Independent |date=23 June 2011 |access-date=19 March 2014 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220044921/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/neymar-delivers-copa-libertadores-triumph-to-santos-2301529.html |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6695349/neymar-helps-brazil-santos-wins-copa-libertadores |title=Neymar helps Brazil's Santos wins Copa Libertadores |publisher=ESPN |date=23 June 2011 |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225091618/http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6695349/neymar-helps-brazil-santos-wins-copa-libertadores |archive-date=25 February 2013 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2011, Santos club president Luís Ribeiro threatened to report Real Madrid to [[FIFA]] following reports that they had attempted to sign Neymar to a pre-contract agreement, and denied that such an agreement was in place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos president warns Real Madrid over Neymar deal |url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/transfer-news/Santos-president-Luis-Ribeiro-warns-Real-Madrid-over-Neymar-deal-article799457.html |work=Mirror Football |date=15 September 2011 |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918010134/http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/transfer-news/Santos-president-Luis-Ribeiro-warns-Real-Madrid-over-Neymar-deal-article799457.html |archive-date=18 September 2011 }}</ref> On 9 November 2011, Neymar and Santos agreed to a contract extension that would see the player stay with the club until after the [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014 World Cup]] in Brazil. The deal reportedly increased Neymar's wages by 50%, to the levels that top European clubs would be paying him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/981959/neymar-signs-new-contract-with-santos?cc=5901 |title=Neymar signs new contract with Santos – ESPN Soccernet |publisher=ESPN FC |date=9 November 2011 |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112093828/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/981959/neymar-signs-new-contract-with-santos?cc=5901 |archive-date=12 January 2012 }}</ref> On 14 December 2011, Neymar scored the opening goal for Santos as they defeated [[Kashiwa Reysol]] 3–1 in the semi-finals of the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup|FIFA Club World Cup]] at the [[Toyota Stadium (Japan)|Toyota Stadium]] in [[Toyota, Aichi|Toyota]], Japan, but failed to score against [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] in the final on 18 December 2011, where Santos were defeated 4–0, finishing as runners-up in the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=334214&cc=5901 |title=Report: Kashiwa Reysol v Santos FC – FIFA Club World Cup – ESPN Soccernet |publisher=ESPN FC |date=14 December 2011 |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |archive-date=11 June 2015 }}</ref> He won the 2011 [[FIFA Puskás Award]] for scoring a solo goal in the [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão Série A]] against [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]], in a 5–4 loss. On 31 December 2011, he won the [[2011 South American Footballer of the Year]] award for the first time, by a record margin, following in the footsteps of [[Diego Maradona]], [[Romário]], Pelé and [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]].<ref>[http://www.espnfc.com/blog/_/name/fiveaside/id/1099?cc=5739 "Neymar is Barca's latest Brazilian star"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523011407/http://www.espnfc.com/blog/_/name/fiveaside/id/1099?cc=5739 |date=23 May 2014 }}. ESPN. Retrieved 22 May 2014</ref><br />
<br />
====2012: South America's best player====<br />
On 5 February 2012, when he turned 20, Neymar scored his 100th goal as a professional football player, against Palmeiras in the [[2012 Campeonato Paulista|Campeonato Paulista]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar scores 100 career goals, gets abused with cake ingredients|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-dirty-tackle/neymar-scores-100-career-goals-gets-abused-cake-192326497.html|access-date=3 March 2012|newspaper=Yahoo! Sports|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213120203/http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-dirty-tackle/neymar-scores-100-career-goals-gets-abused-cake-192326497.html|archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar scores 100th career goal in Brazil|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20120205/neymar-brazil/|access-date=3 March 2012|newspaper=Sports Illustrated|date=5 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420234538/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20120205/neymar-brazil/|archive-date=20 April 2012}}</ref> On 25 February 2012 – he scored two goals, one of which was from 25-yards – and created two assists to help his side to a 6–1 win over [[Associação Atlética Ponte Preta|Ponte Preta]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 6 – 1 AA Ponte Preta|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=336661&cc=3888|access-date=25 February 2012|publisher=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> On 7 March 2012, Neymar netted a [[Hat-trick (association football)|hat-trick]] as Santos saw off Brazilian rivals [[Sport Club Internacional|Internacional]] 3–1 in the [[Copa Libertadores]] Group stage match.<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar treble lifts Santos to victory|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1596364.html|access-date=8 March 2012|publisher=FIFA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514051426/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid%3D1596364.html|archive-date=14 May 2012}}</ref> On 29 March, he scored a brace against [[Guaratinguetá Futebol|Guaratinguetá]] in a 5–0 victory.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 5 – 0 Guaratinguetá|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=336720&cc=3888|access-date=29 March 2012|publisher=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> In the fixture against [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] on 29 April 2012, Neymar scored a hat-trick with the match ending 3–1.<ref>{{cite news|title=São Paulo 1 – 3 Santos FC|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=341105&cc=3888|access-date=29 April 2012|publisher=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> Thereafter, he went on to score twice in the [[2012 Campeonato Paulista knockout phase#First leg|first]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Guarani 0 – 3 Santos FC |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/336762/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=5 May 2012 |publisher=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215557/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/336762/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> and [[2012 Campeonato Paulista knockout phase#Second leg|second legs]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 4 – 2 Guarani |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/336763/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=13 May 2012 |publisher=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215602/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/336763/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> in the [[2012 Campeonato Paulista knockout phase#Finals|2012 Campeonato Paulista Finals]] against [[Guarani FC|Guarani]], which ended 7–2 on aggregate. Neymar finished the [[2012 Campeonato Paulista]] with 20 goals and was voted the Best player and Best Forward, and Santos were crowned champions. He was joint top scorer in the [[2012 Copa Libertadores|Copa Libertadores]] with eight goals, after Santos were beaten over two legs by eventual champions Corinthians in the semi-finals.<br />
<br />
On 25 August 2012, he scored a brace in the 2–1 away win at Palmeiras.<ref>{{cite news|title=Palmeiras 1 – 2 Santos FC |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341402/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=25 August 2012 |publisher=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215642/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341402/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> On 3 November 2012, in the [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileiro Série A]] away fixture at [[Cruzeiro Esporte Clube|Cruzeiro]], Neymar scored a hat-trick and assisted [[Felipe Anderson]]'s goal, to help his side to a 4–0 win.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cruzeiro 0 – 4 Santos FC |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341555/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=3 November 2012 |publisher=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215647/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341555/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> Neymar finished off the 2012 season in style, first setting-up [[Victor Andrade]]'s equaliser, then scoring twice, to give Santos a 3–1 home win over Palmeiras on 1 December 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 3 – 1 Palmeiras |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341592/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=1 December 2012 |publisher=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230174730/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341592/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=30 December 2012 }}</ref> Neymar was voted the Best Player of the [[2012 Recopa Sudamericana]], with himself scoring in the second leg to win the title 2–0 on aggregate. He finished the 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A with 14 goals and being voted the Best forward. Neymar finished the 2012 season, being award the [[Bola de Ouro|Golden Ball]], Arthur Friedenreich Award and Armando Nogueira Trophy. He was one of three finalists in the 2012 [[FIFA Puskás Award]] and finished runners-up behind [[Miroslav Stoch]]. He won the [[2012 South American Footballer of the Year]], retaining his award and winning it ahead of the likes of [[Ronaldinho]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ovaciondigital.com.uy/121231/futinter-685408/futbolinternacional/seleccion-ideal-de-america/ |trans-title=The best eleven of America |title=Selección Ideal de América |publisher=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]] |date=31 December 2012 |access-date=7 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2013: Final season====<br />
Neymar started the [[2013 Campeonato Paulista]] scoring twice in the first match, which ended a 3–1 win over [[São Bernardo Futebol Clube|São Bernardo]] on 19 January 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sao Bernardo 1–3 Santos FC|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=360577&cc=3888|access-date=19 January 2013|publisher=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> Four days later on 23 January 2013, Neymar scored again against [[Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP)|Botafogo]] in a 3–0 win.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 3–0 Botafogo (RP)|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=360588&cc=3888|access-date=23 January 2013|publisher=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> On 3 February 2013, in the Paulista fixture against São Paulo, where Santos won 3–1, with Neymar scoring and making two assists.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 3–1 São Paulo|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=360619&cc=3888|access-date=3 February 2013|publisher=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> on 18 March 2013, Neymar told that he had a "dream of playing in Europe, for a big club like Barcelona, Real Madrid and Chelsea." But he went on to say, "There's no point in speculating when I'll leave Santos. I'll leave when I want to."<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar open to Chelsea move|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/198275.html|access-date=18 March 2013|publisher=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202203744/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/198275.html|archive-date=2 December 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar scored all four goals, had another disallowed and hit the post as Santos beat [[União Agrícola Barbarense Futebol Clube|União Barbarense]] 4–0 in the Paulista on 13 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barca zero-in on Neymar who nets four |url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/barca-zero-in-on-neymar-who-nets-four_759717.html |publisher=Zeenews |date=14 April 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142959/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/barca-zero-in-on-neymar-who-nets-four_759717.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref> On 25 April 2013, his agent and father revealed that Neymar intended to leave for Europe before the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1424891/neymar-europe-world-cup?cc=3436 |title=Neymar 'off to Europe after World Cup' |publisher=ESPN FC |date=25 April 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215646/http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1424891/neymar-europe-world-cup?cc=3436 |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> Ahead of his last match for Santos, on 26 May against Flamengo, Neymar was in tears during the national anthem.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/snap-kaka-pop-blog/2013/may/31/brazil-goodbye-neymar |title=Brazil says goodbye to Neymar, the 21-year-old who outgrew his home |first=Jack |last=Lang |work=Guardian Sport Network |date=31 May 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142021/http://www.theguardian.com/football/snap-kaka-pop-blog/2013/may/31/brazil-goodbye-neymar |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Barcelona===<br />
{{see also|Transfer (association football)#2013: Transfer of Neymar from Santos to Barcelona}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Neymar Barcelona presentation 1.jpg|thumb|right|190px|Neymar during his unveiling at Barcelona in June 2013]]<br />
<br />
On 24 May 2013, Santos announced that they had received two offers for Neymar. The following day, Neymar announced he would sign with Barcelona on 27 May 2013 and join the team after playing in the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]]. Neither Neymar nor the clubs released details on the transfer fee or personal terms, save to say he signed a five-year deal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 May 2013|title=Brazilian forward Neymar says he is joining Barcelona, will sign the contract on Monday|url=https://www.foxnews.com/sports/brazilian-forward-neymar-says-he-is-joining-barcelona-will-sign-the-contract-on-monday|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114084903/https://www.foxnews.com/sports/brazilian-forward-neymar-says-he-is-joining-barcelona-will-sign-the-contract-on-monday|archive-date=14 January 2021|access-date=14 January 2021|website=FOX News}}</ref> On 3 June 2013, Neymar was unveiled by Barcelona after passing medical tests and signing a contract that would keep him at the club through June 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/barcelona-transfer-news-neymar-unveiled-1929711|title=Brazilian Neymar unveiled by Barcelona as striker completes transfer in five-year deal|date=3 June 2013|work=Mirror|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808234049/http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/barcelona-transfer-news-neymar-unveiled-1929711|archive-date=8 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar was presented at the [[Camp Nou]] in front of 56,500 fans, a record turnout for a Brazilian player.<ref>{{cite web |author=FootballEspana&nbsp;–&nbsp;Tue, 4 June 2013 09:10 BST |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/liga-neymar-presentation-draws-56-500-fans-081003011.html |title=Liga – Neymar presentation draws 56,500 fans – Yahoo Eurosport UK |publisher=Yahoo! |date=4 June 2013 |access-date=19 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023205811/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/liga-neymar-presentation-draws-56-500-fans-081003011.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> Club vice-president [[Josep Maria Bartomeu]] initially said Neymar's transfer fee was €57.1&nbsp;million and his release clause set at €190&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/detail/article/detailed-figures-of-neymar-transfer |title=Detailed figures of Neymar transfer |publisher=FC Barcelona |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=25 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524082202/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/detail/article/detailed-figures-of-neymar-transfer |archive-date=24 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1959194.html|date=3 June 2013|publisher=UEFA|title=Neymar excited by Messi alliance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221113651/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D1959194.html|archive-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> Barcelona's doctor suggested he might need to gain weight to be able to cope physically in Spanish football.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-doctor-reveals-concerns-over-neymars-weight-8665661.html |title=Barcelona doctor reveals concerns over Neymar's weight |agency=Reuters |newspaper=The Independent |date=19 June 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142457/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-doctor-reveals-concerns-over-neymars-weight-8665661.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
====Transfer investigation====<br />
In January 2014, the prosecutor's office in [[Madrid]] began investigating the transfer fee that Barcelona paid for Neymar.<ref name="Staatsanwaltschaft untersucht Transfer von Neymar">{{cite news|title=Staatsanwaltschaft untersucht Transfer von Neymar|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/internationale-ligen/article123762443/Staatsanwaltschaft-untersucht-Transfer-von-Neymar.html|access-date=10 January 2014|newspaper=Die Welt|date=10 January 2014|language=de|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110195356/http://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/internationale-ligen/article123762443/Staatsanwaltschaft-untersucht-Transfer-von-Neymar.html|archive-date=10 January 2014}}</ref> The documents submitted to the authorities on request contained contradictory information.<ref name="Staatsanwaltschaft untersucht Transfer von Neymar"/> On 23 January 2014, [[Sandro Rosell|Rosell]] resigned from his position as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jan/23/sandro-rosell-resigns-barcelona-president-neymar |title=Sandro Rosell resigns as president of Barcelona with immediate effect |date=23 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211041628/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jan/23/sandro-rosell-resigns-barcelona-president-neymar |archive-date=11 December 2014 }}</ref> A day later, the details of the transfer were revealed by Barcelona; the transfer had in fact cost them €86.2&nbsp;million ([[Pound sterling|£]]71.5&nbsp;million),<ref name="BBC Real">{{cite web|title=Barcelona: Neymar deal has damaged brand of La Liga club|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/26512767|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=21 January 2016|date=10 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231534/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/26512767|archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="SkyReal">{{cite news |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/9132103/primera-division-barcelona-reveal-details-of-deal-to-sign-brazil-star-neymar |title=Barcelona reveal details of deal to sign Brazil star Neymar |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |publisher=Sky Sports |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211041519/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/9132103/primera-division-barcelona-reveal-details-of-deal-to-sign-brazil-star-neymar |archive-date=11 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-divisi%C3%B3n/story/1691847/barcelona-details-neymars-862m-euro-deal |title=Barcelona offers Neymar deal details |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=ESPN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024063025/http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-divisi%C3%B3n/story/1691847/barcelona-details-neymars-862m-euro-deal |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> with Neymar's parents confirmed to have received a €40&nbsp;million sum.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25887952 |title=Barcelona paid Neymar's parents £34m for Brazil striker |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127020255/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25887952 |archive-date=27 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jenson |first=Pete |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/barcelonas-neymar-saga-you-want-to-sign-our-sonthat-will-be-40-million-euros-please-9085538.html |title=Barcelona's Neymar saga: You want to sign our son? That will be 40 million euros, please |date=26 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=The Independent |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829074129/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/barcelonas-neymar-saga-you-want-to-sign-our-sonthat-will-be-40-million-euros-please-9085538.html |archive-date=29 August 2014 }}</ref> In the aftermath, Barcelona and Bartomeu were charged with [[tax fraud]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/9175433/primera-division-barcelona-charged-with-tax-fraud-over-neymar-signing |title=Barcelona charged with tax fraud over Neymar signing |date=20 February 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |publisher=Sky Sports |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211040749/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/9175433/primera-division-barcelona-charged-with-tax-fraud-over-neymar-signing |archive-date=11 December 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
====2013–14: Adapting to Spain====<br />
On 30 July 2013, Barcelona drew 2–2 against [[Lechia Gdańsk]] in a pre-season friendly; Neymar made his unofficial debut when he came on as a substitute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-substitute-neymar-denied-victory-barcelona-debut-212443344.html |title=Liga – Friendlies: Sub Neymar denied victory on Barcelona debut – Yahoo Eurosport UK |publisher=Yahoo! |date=30 July 2013 |access-date=19 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023205807/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-substitute-neymar-denied-victory-barcelona-debut-212443344.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> He scored his first goal for the club in a 7–1 win against a Thailand XI on 7 August. at the [[Rajamangala National Stadium]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/212015-neymar-bags-first-fc-barcelona-goal-in-7-1-thai-rout |title=Neymar bags first goal for FC Barcelona in 7–1 Thai rout |agency=Agence France-Presse |work=NDTV Sports |date=7 August 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610183906/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/212015-neymar-bags-first-fc-barcelona-goal-in-7-1-thai-rout |archive-date=10 June 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar made his competitive debut for Barcelona during the opening game of the [[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]] [[2013–14 La Liga|La Liga]] season as a 63rd-minute substitute for [[Alexis Sánchez]] in a 7–0 win against [[Levante UD|Levante]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/18/barcelona-levante-messi-goals_n_3776882.html|title=Barcelona Routs Levante 7–0: Messi Scores Two Goals, Neymar Debuts|date=18 August 2013|work=The Huffington Post|first=Chris|last=Greenberg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822065239/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/18/barcelona-levante-messi-goals_n_3776882.html|archive-date=22 August 2013}}</ref> On 21 August, he scored his first competitive goal for the club in the first leg of the [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]] [[Supercopa de España]] against [[Atlético Madrid]]: seven minutes after coming on as a substitute for [[Pedro (footballer, born July 1987)|Pedro]], he headed [[Dani Alves]]' cross to equalise in a 1–1 draw at the [[Vicente Calderón Stadium]] as Barcelona won on the [[away goals rule]] for his first trophy at the club.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/aug/22/neymar-david-villa-barcelona-atletico-madrid|title=Neymar cancels out David Villa as Barcelona held by Atlético Madrid|date=21 August 2013|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215070846/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/aug/22/neymar-david-villa-barcelona-atletico-madrid|archive-date=15 December 2016}}</ref> On 18 September, he made his [[UEFA Champions League]] debut, [[Assist (football)|assisting]] a [[Gerard Piqué]] goal as Barça beat [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] 4–0 in their opening match of the [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2013–14 tournament]].<br />
<br />
Six days later, Neymar scored his first goal in La Liga in Barcelona's 4–1 defeat of [[Real Sociedad]] at Camp Nou.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/24/sport/football/barceona-sociedad-liga-football/|title=Lionel Messi, Neymar lead Barcelona past Real Sociedad|date=24 September 2013|access-date=27 October 2013|publisher=CNN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928082837/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/24/sport/football/barceona-sociedad-liga-football/|archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> On 26 October, he made his first ''[[El Clásico]]'' appearance, scoring the opening goal and assisting the team's winning goal scored by Alexis Sánchez as Barcelona beat Real Madrid 2–1 at Camp Nou.<ref name=clasico>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24603052|title=Barcelona 2–1 Real Madrid|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026195023/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24603052|archive-date=26 October 2013}}</ref> On 11 December, Neymar recorded his first [[List of UEFA Champions League hat-tricks|three Champions League goals]] as he scored a [[Hat-trick (association football)|hat-trick]] in a 6–1 win over [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] in Barcelona's final [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League group stage#Group H|Group H]] match.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25303700|title=Barcelona 6–1 Celtic|date=21 December 2013|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211212109/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25303700|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2014–15: The treble and individual success====<br />
[[File:Neymar (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Neymar playing for Barcelona against [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] in La Liga, 1 February 2015. Neymar opened the scoring in Barcelona's 3–2 win.]]<br />
<br />
On 13 September 2014, after appearing as a substitute, Neymar scored his first two goals of the [[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15 season]], helping Barcelona beat [[Athletic Bilbao]] 2–0. On 27 September, he scored a hat-trick against [[Granada CF|Granada]] in a 6–0 win<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29311918 |title=Barcelona 6–0 Granada |date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |publisher=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928084412/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29311918 |archive-date=28 September 2014 }}</ref> and scored in his next three [[2014–15 La Liga|La Liga]] matches, including the opening goal in a 1–3 loss to Real Madrid at [[Estadio Santiago Bernabéu]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/oct/25/real-madrid-barcelona-la-liga-match-report|title=Real Madrid outclass Barcelona after Ronaldo's penalty turns tide|date=26 October 2014|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305033229/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/oct/25/real-madrid-barcelona-la-liga-match-report|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 24 January 2015, Neymar scored twice and assisted two more goals in a 6–0 win at [[Elche CF|Elche]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/24/elche-barcelona-la-liga-match-report|title=Barcelona hit Elche for six with Lionel Messi and Neymar doubles|date=25 January 2015|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305033212/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/24/elche-barcelona-la-liga-match-report|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> On 28 January, he scored his 20th goal of the season in a 3–2 [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] quarter-final win over Atlético Madrid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/11375834/Atletico-Madrid-2-Barcelona-3-match-report-Neymar-double-sees-of-nine-man-Atletico-in-Copa-del-Rey.html|title=Atletico Madrid 2 Barcelona 3, match report: Neymar double sees of nine-man Atletico in Copa del Rey|date=28 January 2015|access-date=15 February 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215084145/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/11375834/Atletico-Madrid-2-Barcelona-3-match-report-Neymar-double-sees-of-nine-man-Atletico-in-Copa-del-Rey.html|archive-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> On 4 March, Neymar scored twice in Barcelona's 3–1 Copa del Rey semi-final win over [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] to qualify the club for its 37th Spanish Cup [[2015 Copa del Rey Final|final]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/31721178|title=Villarreal 1–3 Barcelona|date=4 March 2015|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305172027/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/31721178|archive-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> On 21 April, Neymar took his tally to 30 goals for the season by scoring twice in Barcelona's 2–0 [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] quarter-final win over [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2015|title=Barcelona 2-0 Paris St-Germain (agg 5-1)|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/32380834|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027012557/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/32380834|archive-date=27 October 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=BBC}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May, the closing month of the season, Neymar scored the last goal in a 3–0 win against [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] in the first leg of the Champions League semi-final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/matches/round=2000551/match=2014428/postmatch/report/index.html|title=Messi double puts Barça in control against Bayern|date=6 May 2015|publisher=UEFA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509001803/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season%3D2015/matches/round%3D2000551/match%3D2014428/postmatch/report/index.html|archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> A week later, he scored both the team's goals in a 3–2-second leg defeat at the [[Allianz Arena]] to ensure ''Barça'' would qualify for the [[2015 UEFA Champions League Final]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32683310|title=Bayern Mun 3–2 Barcelona|date=12 May 2015|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512210015/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32683310|archive-date=12 May 2015}}</ref> He also opened the scoring with a header in a 2–0 league win versus Real Sociedad, a result which gave ''Barça'' a four-point lead over Real Madrid with only two matches remaining.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2441883/neymar-and-pedro-secure-vital-barcelona-win|title=Neymar and Pedro secure vital Barcelona win – ESPN FC|publisher=ESPN FC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512012143/http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2441883/neymar-and-pedro-secure-vital-barcelona-win|archive-date=12 May 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Barcelona fans - Champions league 2015 Berlin.JPG|thumb|left|Barcelona fans prior to the [[2015 UEFA Champions League Final]] in Berlin holding up pictures of the attacking trio, Messi, Suárez and Neymar (MSN)]]<br />
<br />
After securing the [[List of Spanish football champions|league title]] on 17 May with a 1–0 win over Atlético Madrid at the Vicente Calderón, Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 3–1 at Camp Nou in the [[2015 Copa del Rey Final]] on 30 May, with Neymar scoring the second goal for ''Barça''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32938036|title=Ath Bilbao 1–3 Barcelona|date=30 May 2015|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602025437/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32938036|archive-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> With Barcelona's victory likely, he performed tricks with the ball in the final stages of the game, which was deemed unsporting by opponent [[Andoni Iraola]]. Barcelona manager [[Luis Enrique (footballer)|Luis Enrique]] claimed that it had to be understood that such behaviour was acceptable in Brazil, while Neymar himself did not apologise.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraola: Neymar 'rainbow' unsporting|url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/iraola-neymar-rainbow-unsporting|access-date=20 June 2015|work=Four Four Two|date=31 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621021931/http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/iraola-neymar-rainbow-unsporting|archive-date=21 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 6 June 2015, Neymar scored the third goal for ''Barça'' in the 3–1 Champions League Final defeat of Italian champions [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] at Berlin's [[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], ensuring the club won its fifth [[European Champion Clubs' Cup|European Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/matches/round=2000552/match=2015227/postmatch/report/index.html|title=Barcelona see off Juventus to claim fifth title|date=6 June 2015|publisher=UEFA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608200023/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season%3D2015/matches/round%3D2000552/match%3D2015227/postmatch/report/index.html|archive-date=8 June 2015}}</ref> This made Barcelona the first club in history to win [[Treble (association football)|the treble]] of domestic league, domestic cup and European Cup twice.<ref name=triple>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/barca-make-history-with-second-treble|title=Barça make history with second treble!|date=6 June 2015|work=FC Barcelona|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607120500/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/barca-make-history-with-second-treble|archive-date=7 June 2015|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref> On a personal note, he became the eighth player in football's history to win both the [[Copa Libertadores]] and the UEFA Champions League, and the first player to score in final victories in both competitions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1716/champions-league/2015/06/07/12492922/neymar-joins-exclusive-libertadores-champions-league-club|title=Neymar joins exclusive Libertadores-Champions League club|date=7 June 2015|work=Goal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609201218/http://www.goal.com/en/news/1716/champions-league/2015/06/07/12492922/neymar-joins-exclusive-libertadores-champions-league-club|archive-date=9 June 2015}}</ref> Neymar ended the season with 39 goals in all competitions and 10 in the Champions League, making him joint highest scorer with [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] and teammate [[Lionel Messi]] in the latter competition.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.afp.com/en/news/hot-shot-neymar-realises-champions-league-dream|title=Hot-shot Neymar realises Champions League dream|date=6 June 2015|agency=Agence France-Presse|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610180743/http://www.afp.com/en/news/hot-shot-neymar-realises-champions-league-dream|archive-date=10 June 2015}}</ref> He was the first player apart from those two to top the competition's scoring list, since compatriot [[Kaká]] in [[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|2006–07]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar, Messi and Ronaldo top scoring charts|url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=2251883.html#three+joint+scorers|access-date=13 April 2016|publisher=UEFA|date=6 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205045913/http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid%3D2251883.html#three+joint+scorers|archive-date=5 December 2015}}</ref> Barcelona's attacking trio of Messi, [[Luis Suárez]] and Neymar, dubbed "MSN", ended with 122 goals, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/06/barcelona-luis-suarez-lionel-messi-juventus-champions-league-final|title=Barcelona's Luis Suárez, Leo Messi and Neymar too good for Juventus|date=6 June 2015|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103021240/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/06/barcelona-luis-suarez-lionel-messi-juventus-champions-league-final|archive-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2015–16: Domestic double====<br />
{{wikinews|Footballers Neymar, Zlatan, Nolito sign contracts}}<br />
Due to having the [[mumps]], Neymar was expected to miss the [[2015 UEFA Super Cup]] and the [[2015 Supercopa de España]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar: Barcelona striker out for two weeks with mumps|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33840933|access-date=9 August 2015|publisher=BBC Sport|date=9 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810073947/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33840933|archive-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> On 17 October, Neymar scored four goals in Barcelona's 5–2 home win over [[Rayo Vallecano]] in La Liga, taking his total to eight goals for the season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Barcelona 5–2 Rayo Vallecano|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34549230|publisher=BBC|date=17 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017064506/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34549230|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> On 21 November, Neymar scored one and provided a back heel assist for [[Andrés Iniesta]] in Barcelona's 4–0 away win against Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite news|title=Suarez scores twice as Barca thrash Real|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34849342|agency=BBC|access-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120223751/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34849342|archive-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> He scored twice in a 4–0 home win over Real Sociedad on 28 November, taking his La Liga total to 14 goals in 12 games.<ref>{{cite news|title=Barcelona 4–0 Real Sociedad|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34896736|publisher=BBC|date=1 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201050257/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34896736|archive-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> On 30 November, Neymar was shortlisted for the [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or]] alongside Messi and Ronaldo, and subsequently came third.<ref name="FIFA 2015">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/35285469 "Lionel Messi wins Ballon d'Or over Cristiano Ronaldo & Neymar"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112163607/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/35285469 |date=12 January 2016 }}. BBC Sport. Retrieved 12 January 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/news/y=2015/m=11/news=nominees-for-the-fifa-ballon-d-or-2015-awards-revealed-2735884.html|title=Nominees for the FIFA Ballon d'Or 2015 awards revealed|publisher=[[FIFA]]|date=30 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202214344/http://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/news/y%3D2015/m%3D11/news%3Dnominees-for-the-fifa-ballon-d-or-2015-awards-revealed-2735884.html|archive-date=2 December 2015}}</ref> On 22 May 2016, Neymar scored a late goal in Barcelona's 2–0 [[Overtime (sports)|extra time]] win over [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] in the [[2016 Copa del Rey Final]] at the Vicente Calderón, as the club celebrated winning the [[Double (association football)#Spain|domestic double]] for the second consecutive season, following their treble victory from the previous season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/eventos/marcador/futbol/2015_16/copa/final/bar_sev/|title=Messi sirve el doblete|trans-title=Messi hands out double|work=Marca|language=es|date=22 May 2016|access-date=23 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522121855/http://www.marca.com/eventos/marcador/futbol/2015_16/copa/final/bar_sev/|archive-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-spain-fcb-reaction-idUKKCN0YE1BQ|title=Barca's double double hailed in Spanish media|work=Reuters|author1=Adriana Garcia|date=23 May 2016|access-date=23 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617202314/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-spain-fcb-reaction-idUKKCN0YE1BQ|archive-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> The front three of Messi, Suárez and Neymar finished the season with 131 goals, breaking the record they had set the previous year for most goals by an attacking trio in a single season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Messi, Suárez and Neymar Jr end season with 131 goals|work=Barca Fan Club|url=https://www.barcafan-club.com/2016/05/messi-suarez-and-neymar-jr-end-season-with-131-goals/|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115134522/https://www.barcafan-club.com/2016/05/messi-suarez-and-neymar-jr-end-season-with-131-goals/|archive-date=15 January 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2016–17: Final season====<br />
{{Quote box|"While there is a 1% chance, we will have<br />99% faith."|— Neymar after the 4–0 loss against [[Paris Saint-Germain|PSG]]<br />on 15 February 2017<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 February 2017|title=Neymar says Barcelona have 1% chance of reaching Champions League quarters after 4-0 hammering by PSG|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/neymar-says-barcelona-1-chance-9824734|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930053148/https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/neymar-says-barcelona-1-chance-9824734|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Mirror}}</ref>}}<br />
In Barcelona's [[Barcelona 6–1 Paris Saint-Germain|6–1 victory]] over [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] in the [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Barcelona v Paris Saint-Germain|2016–17 UEFA Champions League round of 16]], Neymar scored two goals and assisted the decisive goal of [[Sergi Roberto]] during the closing seven-minute sequence.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ryan|first=Danny|date=30 March 2017|title=Neymar's seven defining minutes of unparalleled genius against Paris Saint-Germain|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/neymars-seven-defining-minutes-of-unparalleled-genius-against-paris-saint-germain/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626184442/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2017/03/30/neymars-seven-defining-minutes-of-unparalleled-genius-against-paris-saint-germain/|archive-date=26 June 2019|access-date=11 April 2018|work=[[These Football Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Dev|first=Sarthak|date=13 March 2018|title=Barcelona 6–1 PSG: When Neymar introduced anarchy in 7 minutes|url=https://www.footballparadise.com/barcelona-6-1-psg-neymar/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815065702/https://www.footballparadise.com/barcelona-6-1-psg-neymar/|archive-date=15 August 2020|access-date=14 March 2018|work=[[Football Paradise]]}}</ref> Overcoming the 4–0 loss to PSG in the first leg from 14 February 2017, this second leg match became the biggest comeback in Champions League history.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2017|title=Barcelona vs. Paris Saint-Germain – Football Match Report – March 8, 2017|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=469090|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229134950/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=469090|archive-date=29 December 2020|access-date=5 June 2018|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 2 April 2017, Neymar scored his 100th goal for Barcelona in his 177th appearance for the club, netting in a 4–1 win over [[Granada CF|Granada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/10823197/luis-enrique-hails-neymar-after-brazilian-scores-100th-barcelona-goal|title=Luis Enrique hails Neymar after Brazilian scores 100th Barcelona goal|publisher=Sky Sports|date=3 April 2017|access-date=3 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404044922/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/10823197/luis-enrique-hails-neymar-after-brazilian-scores-100th-barcelona-goal|archive-date=4 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/3094837/neymar-scores-100th-goal-for-barcelona-and-luis-enrique-hopes-he-nets-900-more|title=Neymar scores 100th Barcelona goal; Luis Enrique hopes for 'another 900'|website=ESPN|last=Marsden|first=Stuart|date=2 April 2017|access-date=3 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403145234/http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/3094837/neymar-scores-100th-goal-for-barcelona-and-luis-enrique-hopes-he-nets-900-more|archive-date=3 April 2017}}</ref> On 27 May, Neymar scored in the [[2017 Copa del Rey Final]], his 105th goal for the club, as Barcelona defeated [[Deportivo Alavés|Alavés]] 3–1 at the [[Vicente Calderón Stadium|Vicente Calderón]] in Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39909498|title=Barcelona 3 Alaves 1|date=27 May 2017|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=31 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530212245/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39909498|archive-date=30 May 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Paris Saint-Germain===<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = right<br />
| direction = horizontal<br />
| header =<br />
| header_align = left/right/center<br />
| header_background =<br />
| footer<br />
| footer_align = left/right/center<br />
| footer_background =<br />
| width =<br />
| image1 = Neymar Presentation.jpg<br />
| width1 = 160<br />
| caption1 = Neymar performing a [[keepie-uppie]] during his Paris Saint-Germain unveiling<br />
| alt1 =<br />
| image2 = Neymar Jr Presentation.jpg<br />
| width2 = 160<br />
| caption2 = Neymar with [[Nasser Al-Khelaifi]], the PSG chairman and chief executive officer<br />
| alt2 = photograph of two men standing next to each other on a football pitch<br />
}}<br />
On 3 August 2017, Barcelona announced that Neymar's legal representatives made a payment of €222&nbsp;million<ref>{{Cite web|last=champ|date=20 March 2019|title=10 Most Valuable Football Transfer Contracts So Far|url=https://sportycious.com/most-valuable-football-transfer-958846|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929115636/https://sportycious.com/most-valuable-football-transfer-958846|archive-date=29 September 2020|access-date=16 October 2019|website=Sportycious|language=en-US}}</ref> to the club, equal to the [[release clause]] of his contract, which constituted the [[List of most expensive association football transfers|most expensive transfer ever]]. The club informed UEFA so that they can determine any disciplinary responsibilities that may arise from this case.<ref name="FCB Neymar"/> According to the [[BBC]], in Spain, the release clause must be activated by the footballer himself. The situation was unusual, in that the fee was paid to the club directly, after [[La Liga]] had refused to receive the payment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40823628|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain's new signing said he left Barcelona for a new challenge|date=4 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC Sport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805102048/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40823628|archive-date=5 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar"/> Usually, the buyout clause is deposited with La Liga in order to release the player from his contract, and the league then passes the money to the selling club. However, La Liga rejected the payment—citing violation of Financial Fair Play (FFP) rules by PSG, who are backed by money from Gulf state [[Qatar]].<ref>{{cite news|date=3 August 2017|title=Neymar: Barcelona say Paris St-Germain target has paid his buyout clause|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40814854|url-status=live|access-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125171706/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40814854|archive-date=25 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar joined French club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] <!--for a [[List of most expensive association football transfers|world record transfer fee of €222&nbsp;million]], -->on a contract that would run until 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-signs-with-paris-saint-germain|title=Neymar Jr signs with Paris Saint-Germain!|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803205243/https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-signs-with-paris-saint-germain|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> He was offered the [[number 10 jersey]] by [[Javier Pastore]] as a "welcome gift".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/pastore-a-welcome-gift|title=Pastore: 'A welcome gift'|date=3 August 2017|access-date=14 September 2017|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain Football Club|website=PSG.fr|last=Guérin|first=Vincent|quote=Paris Saint-Germain midfielder Javier Pastore has offered his No.10 jersey to the neo-Parisian Neymar Jr.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805020236/https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/pastore-a-welcome-gift|archive-date=5 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-will-wear-the-no-10|title=Neymar Jr will wear the No.10|date=3 August 2017|access-date=14 September 2017|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain Football Club|website=PSG.fr|quote=Paris Saint-Germain's new forward Neymar Jr will wear the No.10 jersey.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220308/https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-will-wear-the-no-10|archive-date=14 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Contract breach lawsuit====<br />
On 27 August 2017, FC Barcelona filed a lawsuit against Neymar, demanding he return the contract renewal bonus he received as well as €8.5&nbsp;million in damages and an additional 10% for the arrears. They claimed they are owed money that Neymar received as part of a renewal bonus when he signed a new contract in 2016. The club also requested Paris Saint-Germain to take on the responsibility for the payment of the fees if the player cannot do so himself.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Barcelona statement {{!}} FC Barcelona|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-statement-22-08-2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111225007/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748300/fc-barcelona-statement|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=23 August 2017|website=FC Barcelona|language=en-US}}</ref> Neymar's lawyers announced that they would contest the case.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 August 2017|title=PSG's Neymar to contest Barcelona lawsuit over world-record move|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41014149|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206194758/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41014149|archive-date=6 December 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2017–18: Debut season and domestic treble====<br />
[[File:Edgar Ié vs Neymar.jpg|thumb|upright|Neymar playing for PSG against [[LOSC Lille|Lille]] in February 2018]]<br />
<br />
Neymar made his debut for ''Les Rouge-et-Bleu'' on 13 August 2017, scoring a goal and assisting another in a 3–0 away victory over [[En Avant de Guingamp|Guingamp]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40924357|title=Neymar feels 'more alive than ever' after scoring on PSG debut|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 August 2017|access-date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816015714/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40924357|archive-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> He added two more goals to his tally in the next [[Ligue 1]] fixture against [[Toulouse FC|Toulouse]].<ref>{{cite news|date=20 August 2017|title=Neymar at the double as PSG hit back to thump Toulouse|publisher=[[Eurosport]]|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/neymar-at-the-double-as-psg-hit-back-to-thump-toulouse_sto6295474/story.shtml|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> Forming a prolific attacking trio alongside teenage French prodigy [[Kylian Mbappé]] and Uruguayan striker [[Edinson Cavani]], Neymar scored one each in PSG's two opening games of the [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage]], with the team winning 5–0 at [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] and 3–0 at home over [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] respectively.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 September 2017|title=MBAPPE CREATES CHAMPIONS LEAGUE HISTORY WITH GOAL FOR PSG AGAINST CELTIC|work=Goal|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/mbappe-creates-champions-league-history-with-goal-for-psg/1fq7caitbaofg1npeqftd4n1e7|url-status=live|access-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018235427/https://www.goal.com/en/news/mbappe-creates-champions-league-history-with-goal-for-psg/1fq7caitbaofg1npeqftd4n1e7|archive-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2017|title=PSG 3 Bayern Munich 0: Kylian Mbappe, Edinson Cavani and Neymar star in Champions League heavyweight battle|work=London Evening Standard|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/psg-3-bayern-munich-0-champions-league-kylian-mbappe-edinson-cavani-neymar-star-a3645456.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108151300/https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/psg-3-bayern-munich-0-champions-league-kylian-mbappe-edinson-cavani-neymar-star-a3645456.html|archive-date=8 January 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
During a 3–0 defeat of rivals [[Olympique de Marseille]] on 25 February 2018, Neymar fractured the [[fifth metatarsal bone]] in his right foot. He travelled to [[Belo Horizonte]] and underwent a successful operation on his foot.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 March 2018|title=Neymar leaves hospital after 'successful' surgery on injured foot|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11273967/neymar-has-successful-surgery-on-injured-foot|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905211249/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11273967/neymar-has-successful-surgery-on-injured-foot|archive-date=5 September 2018|access-date=4 March 2018|work=SkySports}}</ref> He failed to make another appearance for PSG while recovering from the injury, and consequently ended [[2017–18 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|his first season]] in Paris with 28 goals in 30 matches.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 February 2018|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain's injured forward out for 'six to eight weeks'|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/43205895|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109004500/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/43205895|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=BBC Sport}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2018–19: Injury and league title====<br />
On 12 August 2018, Neymar scored PSG's opening league goal of the [[2018–19 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2018–19 season]] in a 3–0 win over [[Stade Malherbe Caen|Caen]] at Parc des Princes.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 August 2018|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain striker scores as his side open Ligue 1 season with 3–0 win over Caen|agency=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45163002|url-status=live|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020224533/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45163002|archive-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> Neymar scored from a penalty in his next game as PSG won 3–1 against [[En Avant de Guingamp|Guingamp]] in Ligue 1.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2018|title=Mbappe scores twice in Lique 1 return to seal PSG fight-back|agency=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45228476|url-status=live|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202235645/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45228476|archive-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> In the following league game, the front three of Neymar, Mbappé and Cavani all scored in a 3–1 win over [[Angers SCO|Angers]] at home, with Neymar scoring from Mbappé's cut back and setting up Cavani to score the opener.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 August 2018|title=Cavani, Mbappe & Neymar all score as PSG maintain 100% start|agency=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45310948|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211025811/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45310948|archive-date=11 December 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 3 October 2018, Neymar scored a hattrick in a 6–1 win over [[Red Star Belgrade]] in a [[2018–19 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] group stage fixture.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 October 2018|title=Neymar scores a hattrick as PSG beat Red Star Belgrade 6–1|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45737151|url-status=live|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626184440/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45737151|archive-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> He suffered a foot injury in late January 2019 that kept him out of his side's Champions League round of 16 tie against [[Manchester United F.C.]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Mather|first=Victor|date=28 January 2019|title=P.S.G.'s Neymar Joins Growing Champions League Injury List|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/sports/neymar-champions-league-psg.html|url-status=live|access-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108010844/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/sports/neymar-champions-league-psg.html|archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> After United eliminated PSG, Neymar went on Instagram insulting video review officials for awarding a stoppage-time penalty to United. UEFA banned Neymar for three matches for the insult.<ref name=APgoad/><br />
<br />
On 27 April 2019, Neymar scored in the [[2019 Coupe de France Final]] against Rennes, but Rennes made a comeback and won on penalties. After the match, Neymar was caught on video appearing to punch a spectator in the face.<ref name="goalpunch">{{cite web|last1=Bairner|first1=Robin|date=1 May 2019|title=Will Neymar be banned for fan punch? PSG star's possible sanctions|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/will-neymar-be-banned-for-fan-punch-psg-stars-possible/1etvzvcw0pp2f1b3nhc8z124zz|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504075248/https://www.goal.com/en/news/will-neymar-be-banned-for-fan-punch-psg-stars-possible/1etvzvcw0pp2f1b3nhc8z124zz|archive-date=4 May 2019|access-date=4 May 2019|website=[[goal.com]]}}</ref> The spectator had been filming and insulting PSG players. PSG said they supported Neymar "100 percent" over the incident.<ref name="APgoad">{{cite web|last1=Pugmire|first1=Jerome|title=Neymar appears to aim punch at fan goading him after defeat|url=https://www.apnews.com/f36fd5d49a0e4e6f83f3f5fb3ee3f7f5|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219103441/https://apnews.com/f36fd5d49a0e4e6f83f3f5fb3ee3f7f5|archive-date=19 December 2020|access-date=4 May 2019|website=[[Associated Press]]|date=28 April 2019}}</ref> Neymar admitted he was wrong, but argued that neither he nor anyone else could have stayed indifferent. PSG coach Thomas Tuchel responded: "It's not easy to climb the stairs after a defeat. If we lose, we must show respect. You can't come into conflict with a spectator."<ref name=goalpunch/><br />
<br />
====2019–20: Suspended season, European final====<br />
[[File:Neymar vs Lille.jpg|thumb|left|Neymar taking a penalty against Lille during a Ligue 1 match in 2020]]<br />
<br />
In July 2019, Neymar was absent from training with PSG, with the club talking disciplinary action.<ref>{{cite web|date=8 July 2019|title=Neymar: Brazil forward fails to attend PSG pre-season training|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48915199|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129025815/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48915199|archive-date=29 November 2020|access-date=8 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Prior to the transfer deadline in late August, Neymar agreed to stay at PSG after talks broke down over a return to Barcelona.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 September 2019|title=Neymar: Paris Saint-Germain forward agrees to stay after Barcelona talks break down|work=Sky Sports|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11799320/neymar-paris-saint-germain-forward-agrees-to-stay-after-barcelona-talks-break-down|url-status=live|access-date=6 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107233653/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11799320/neymar-paris-saint-germain-forward-agrees-to-stay-after-barcelona-talks-break-down|archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar made his first appearance for PSG in the [[2019–20 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2019–20 season]] on 14 September 2019, in a 1–0 victory over [[RC Strasbourg Alsace|Strasbourg]] in [[2019–20 Ligue 1|Ligue 1]]. He scored the winning goal in injury time in the second half from a [[bicycle kick]].<ref>{{cite news|date=14 September 2019|title=Last-gasp win!|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/last-gasp-win|url-status=live|access-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710000245/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/last-gasp-win|archive-date=10 July 2020}}</ref> One week later, he again scored a late winner, as PSG defeated [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] 1–0 at the [[Parc Olympique Lyonnais]].<ref>{{cite web|date=23 September 2019|title=Lyon 0–1 Paris St-Germain|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49783196|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814174359/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49783196|archive-date=14 August 2020|access-date=25 July 2020|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar suffered a hamstring injury in October while on international duty with Brazil,<ref>{{cite web|date=14 October 2019|title=Neymar out 4 Weeks with Hamstring Injury; Expected to Miss PSG's Next 6 Matches|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2857855-neymar-out-4-weeks-with-hamstring-injury-expected-to-miss-psgs-next-6-matches|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725172027/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2857855-neymar-out-4-weeks-with-hamstring-injury-expected-to-miss-psgs-next-6-matches|archive-date=25 July 2020|access-date=25 July 2020|publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> and returned to play for PSG during their [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League group stage|Champions League]] group match against Real Madrid on 26 November in a 2–2 draw. On 18 February 2020, in the [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Borussia Dortmund v Paris Saint-Germain|Champions League Round of 16]] against [[Borussia Dortmund]], he scored a crucial away goal in the first leg at [[Westfalenstadion|Signal Iduna Park]], as PSG lost 2–1. In the second leg, Neymar's side defeated Dortmund and made a comeback of their own in the Champions League, winning the match 2–0 (3–2 on aggregate). He scored a header from a corner taken by Ángel Di María and also made a play which lead to his teammate, [[Juan Bernat]], scoring the second goal.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 March 2020|title=PSG 2–0 Borussia Dortmund|agency=UEFA|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2027130--paris-vs-dortmund/?referrer=%2Fuefachampionsleague%2Fseason%3D2020%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2001141%2Fmatch%3D2027130%2Findex|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar won his third league title after PSG were awarded [[Ligue 1]] as the season finished early due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news|date=30 April 2020|title=Ligue 1: Paris St-Germain awarded French title as season finished early|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/52484926|url-status=live|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107084148/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/52484926|archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> On 24 July 2020, in Paris Saint-Germain's first professional game back after the pandemic, Neymar scored his side's lone goal in a 1–0 win over [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]] in the [[2020 Coupe de France Final|Coupe de France Final]], winning his second Coupe de France title with the club.<ref name="CDF 2020"/> On 31 July, Paris Saint-Germain won the [[2020 Coupe de la Ligue Final]] 6–5 on [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalties]] over Lyon, following a 0–0 draw after [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]], which saw the side complete a domestic treble, with Neymar netting one of the penalties in the shoot-out.<ref name="BBC Sport">{{cite news|date=31 July 2020|title=Paris St-Germain beat Lyon in French League Cup final for another treble|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53617357|url-status=live|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116164005/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53617357|archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> In the Champions League quarter-final against [[Atalanta B.C.|Atalanta]] on 12 August, he assisted the equalising goal in injury time in an eventual 2–1 win.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 August 2020|title=Atalanta dealt cruelest of exits by PSG late show|url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/08/12/football/1597255022_750607.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208204706/https://en.as.com/en/2020/08/12/football/1597255022_750607.html|archive-date=8 December 2020|access-date=24 August 2020|publisher=AS.com}}</ref> In the semi-final against [[RB Leipzig]], he assisted one goal in a 3–0 victory, which saw PSG reach the [[2020 UEFA Champions League Final|Champions League final]] for the first time in its history;<ref>{{cite web|date=18 August 2020|title=RB Leipzig 0-3 Paris St-Germain: PSG reach first Champions League final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53759778|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904130058/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53759778|archive-date=4 September 2020|access-date=24 August 2020|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> PSG eventually lost out 1–0 to Bayern Munich on 23 August.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 August 2020|title=Bayern Munich beat Paris Saint-Germain to win Champions League|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=573698|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107084610/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=573698|archive-date=7 November 2020|access-date=23 August 2020|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2020–21: Contract extension ====<br />
Neymar missed out on the first match of the [[2020–21 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2020–21 season]] because he had tested positive for [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] a week earlier;<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 September 2020|title=Lens 'not favourites' against depleted PSG|url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/09/08/lens-not-favourites-psg-mbappe-neymar-covid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910182803/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/09/08/lens-not-favourites-psg-mbappe-neymar-covid|archive-date=10 September 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=Ligue 1}}</ref> PSG went on to lose the game against [[RC Lens|Lens]] by a score of 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2020|title=Lens 1-0 Paris Saint-Germain: Champions League finalists beaten by Ligue 1 newcomers|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/rc-lens-vs-psg/report/431369|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912212757/https://www.skysports.com/football/rc-lens-vs-psg/report/431369|archive-date=12 September 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=Sky Sports}}</ref> However, he returned to training before the match against [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] on 13 September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 September 2020|title=PSG: Neymar back as Tuchel complains about Le Classique|url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/09/12/football/1599939171_648394.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028214423/https://en.as.com/en/2020/09/12/football/1599939171_648394.html|archive-date=28 October 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=AS.com|language=en}}</ref> PSG lost ''[[Le Classique]]'' for the first time since 2011 as OM were victorious 1–0 in a match that had 14 [[Fouls and misconduct (association football)|yellow cards]] and 5 [[Fouls and misconduct (association football)|red cards]] handed out by the referee, including one of each to Neymar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2020|title=Neymar Among 5 Sent Off in PSG-Marseille, Alleges Racial Abuse|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2020/09/14/psg-marseille-fight-video-neymar-red-card-racist-abuse|access-date=18 September 2020|website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar scored his first two goals of the season in a 6–1 win against [[Angers SCO|Angers]] on 2 October.<ref>{{Cite web|last=da Silva|first=Michael|date=2 October 2020|title=NEYMAR GRABS TWO AS PSG ROUT ANGERS|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/ligue-1/2020-2021/psg-v-angers-ligue-1-live-updates_sto7919834/story.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026191438/https://www.eurosport.com/football/ligue-1/2020-2021/psg-v-angers-ligue-1-live-updates_sto7919834/story.shtml|archive-date=26 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> He entered the list of the [[List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics#All-time top scorers|top ten goal scorers in PSG history]] by doing so, scoring his 72nd for the club, which put him level with [[Raí]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 October 2020|title=Neymar rentre dans le top 10 des meilleurs buteurs de l'histoire du PSG|trans-title=Neymar enters the top 10 of the best scorers in the history of PSG|url=http://www.parisfans.fr/club/neymar-rentre-dans-le-top-10-des-meilleurs-buteurs-de-lhistoire-du-psg-491779.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024064151/http://www.parisfans.fr/club/neymar-rentre-dans-le-top-10-des-meilleurs-buteurs-de-lhistoire-du-psg-491779.html|archive-date=24 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|website=Paris Fans|language=fr}}</ref> On 28 October, Neymar suffered an adductor injury in a match against [[İstanbul Başakşehir F.K.|İstanbul Başakşehir]], leaving the pitch after 26 minutes of play.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=PSG's Neymar in 'discomfort' after adductor injury and will undergo further tests|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/psgs-neymar-in-discomfort-after-adductor-injury-and-will-undergo-further-tests/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101043118/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/psgs-neymar-in-discomfort-after-adductor-injury-and-will-undergo-further-tests/|archive-date=1 November 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|website=[[CBS Sports]]}}</ref> He made his return to action as a substitute in a 3–2 loss against [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]] on 20 November,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 November 2020|title=Monaco Beat PSG|url=https://bleacherreport.com/game/as-monaco-fc-vs-paris-saint-germain-fc-2020-11-22|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211190350/https://bleacherreport.com/game/as-monaco-fc-vs-paris-saint-germain-fc-2020-11-22|archive-date=11 December 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> and scored his first goal after recovering from his injury in a 1–0 win against [[RB Leipzig]] in the UEFA Champions League on 24 November.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 November 2020|title=PSG 1-0 RB LEIPZIG: NEYMAR FIRES PSG TO CRUCIAL WIN AGAINST RB LEIPZIG|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/champions-league/2020-2021/psg-v-rb-leipzig-live-champions-league-updates_sto8005067/story.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203143030/https://www.eurosport.com/football/champions-league/2020-2021/psg-v-rb-leipzig-live-champions-league-updates_sto8005067/story.shtml|archive-date=3 December 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=Eurosport}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 28 November, Neymar scored his 50th goal in Ligue 1, converting a penalty in PSG's 2–2 draw against [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]]. This made him the fastest player in the club's history to reach 50 league goals, doing so in only 58 matches.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 November 2020|title=Neymar reaches 50 Ligue 1 goals in record time in 21st century|url=https://www.beinsports.com/en/football/news/neymar-reaches-50-ligue-1-goals-in-record-t-1/1591744|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128220753/http://www.beinsports.com/en/football/news/neymar-reaches-50-ligue-1-goals-in-record-t-1/1591744|archive-date=28 November 2020|access-date=28 November 2020|website=[[beIN Sports]]}}</ref> Four days later, on 2 December, he scored two goals in a 3–1 Champions League victory against [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] at [[Old Trafford]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 December 2020|title=Man Utd beaten at home by PSG|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55135808|url-status=live|access-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206081114/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55135808|archive-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> In PSG's final group match, Neymar scored his third career Champions League hat-trick against [[İstanbul Başakşehir F.K.|İstanbul Başakşehir]], as his side won 5–1 and qualified for the knockout stage as group winners.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 December 2020|title=Hat-trick: Neymar Jr's gala performance on the Champions League|url=https://www.neymarjr.com/en/football/hat-trick-neymar-jr-gala-performance-on-the-champions-league|access-date=10 December 2020|website=www.neymarjr.com}}</ref> He became the first player in European Cup and Champions League history to score 20 goals for two different clubs, scoring 21 goals for Barcelona in 40 games, and 20 for PSG in 25 games.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zavala|first=Steve|date=10 December 2020|title=Neymar is the First Player Ever to Score 20 Champions League Goals for Two Different Teams|url=https://psgtalk.com/2020/12/neymar-is-the-first-player-ever-to-score-20-champions-league-goals-for-two-different-teams/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210101132/https://psgtalk.com/2020/12/neymar-is-the-first-player-ever-to-score-20-champions-league-goals-for-two-different-teams/|archive-date=10 December 2020|access-date=10 December 2020|website=PSG Talk|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In a 1–0 loss to [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] on 13 December, Neymar suffered an ankle injury after a tackle from [[Thiago Mendes]], and had to be stretchered off the field.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 December 2020|title=Neymar raises injury alarm bells after being stretchered off against Lyon {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/neymar-raises-injury-alarm-bells-after-being-stretchered-off/1bniqo4br68i01hvp8sunwz5x1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220111429/https://www.goal.com/en/news/neymar-raises-injury-alarm-bells-after-being-stretchered-off/1bniqo4br68i01hvp8sunwz5x1|archive-date=20 December 2020|access-date=14 December 2020|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> He avoided a fracture, but was ruled out of action for three weeks with a sprain.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barker|first=Gabby|date=15 December 2020|title=Neymar's fracture is ruled out, which points to three weeks KO|url=https://sportsfinding.com/neymars-fracture-is-ruled-out-which-points-to-three-weeks-ko/73944/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114151234/https://sportsfinding.com/neymars-fracture-is-ruled-out-which-points-to-three-weeks-ko/73944/|archive-date=14 January 2021|access-date=15 December 2020|website=Sports Finding|language=en-GB}}</ref> His return proved to be exactly one month after his injury, on 13 January 2021, in a 2–1 win over rivals Marseille in the [[Trophée des Champions]], with Neymar scoring the winning goal from a penalty.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoskin|first=Rob|date=13 January 2021|title=Neymar mocks Alvaro Gonzalez in celebration after terrible tackle during PSG vs Marseille|url=https://www.givemesport.com/1638008-neymar-mocks-alvaro-gonzalez-in-celebration-after-terrible-tackle-during-psg-vs-marseille|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115135649/https://www.givemesport.com/1638008-neymar-mocks-alvaro-gonzalez-in-celebration-after-terrible-tackle-during-psg-vs-marseille|archive-date=15 January 2021|access-date=14 January 2021|website=givemesport.com}}</ref> He sustained a left adductor injury in a 1–0 cup win over [[S.M. Caen|Caen]] on 10 February, ruling him out for four weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dknation.draftkings.com/2021/2/15/22278279/neymar-injury-update-uefa-champions-league-paris-vs-barcelona-round-of-16-match-status-backup|title=Neymar to miss Champions League Round of 16 first leg match vs. Barcelona|publisher=Draft Kings|date=15 February 2021}}</ref> On 21 March, he was back in action, coming on as a substitute in a 4–2 league win against Lyon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Football: Neymar makes PSG return from injury against Lyon|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/football-neymar-makes-psg-return-from-injury-against-lyon-14453924|access-date=2021-03-30|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2020–21 UEFA Champions League]], Paris Saint-Germain were eliminated by [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] in the semi-finals. Neymar was absent for PSG's defeat of Barcelona, but he was present in both matches of the quarter-finals against Bayern Munich and both semi-final confrontations against Man City. On 8 May, he extended his contract with PSG until 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-08|title=PSG's Neymar signs contract extension|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/4379755/psgs-neymar-signs-contract-extension-to-2025|access-date=2021-05-08|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==International career==<br />
[[File:Neymar.jpg|thumb|left|Neymar at a press conference for the [[Brazil national football team|Brazil national team]] in August 2010. He made his international debut that month aged 18.]]<br />
<br />
Following Neymar's performances for Santos in their successful early 2010 season, including winning the [[2010 Copa do Brasil]], in which Neymar was the top goalscorer, and the [[2010 Campeonato Paulista]], in which Neymar scored 14 goals, former Brazilian football players [[Pelé]] and [[Romário]] reportedly urged coach [[Dunga]] to take Neymar to the [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010 World Cup]].<ref name="Brazilians want Neymar" /> Although the widespread opinion that Neymar deserved a place in Dunga's squad went as far as a 14,000 signature petition,<ref name="Brazilians want Neymar"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/04/world-cup-watch-37-days-to-go|title=World Cup watch ... 37 days to go|date=4 May 2010|work=The Guardian|location=UK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305032643/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/04/world-cup-watch-37-days-to-go|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> and despite the huge pressure on Dunga to pick Neymar,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8669086.stm|title=Brazil coach Dunga faces World Cup selection challenge|date=7 May 2010|publisher=BBC Sport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> he was omitted from both the squad of 23,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8676077.stm|title=Ronaldinho left out of Brazil World Cup squad|date=11 May 2010|publisher=BBC Sport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805150705/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8676077.stm|archive-date=5 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/tim_vickery/05/14/brazil.roster/|title=Brazil's Dunga unfazed by critics|date=18 May 2010|publisher=CNN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521091201/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/tim_vickery/05/14/brazil.roster/|archive-date=21 May 2010}}</ref> and the stand-by list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2010/05/11/tottenham%E2%80%99s-sandro-ranieri-on-brazil%E2%80%99s-world-cup2010-reserve-list/|title=Tottenham Hotspur's Sandro Ranieri on Brazil's World Cup2010 reserve list|date=11 May 2010|publisher=Picato do Gringo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516235255/http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2010/05/11/tottenham%E2%80%99s-sandro-ranieri-on-brazil%E2%80%99s-world-cup2010-reserve-list/|archive-date=16 May 2010}}</ref> Although Dunga described Neymar as "extremely talented", he claimed that he had not been tested sufficiently on the international level to earn a World Cup spot and he had failed to impress enough while on international duty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/story/_/id/785217/ce/uk/?cc=5739&ver=global |title=Ronaldinho misses Brazil cut |date=11 May 2010 |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514091654/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/story/_/id/785217/ce/uk/?cc=5739&ver=global |archive-date=14 May 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:André Santos, Neymar and Ramires celebrate Neymars goal.jpg|thumb|right|Neymar [[Goal celebration|celebrates his goal]] for [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] against [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]], on 27 March 2011, with [[André Santos]] and [[Ramires]]]]<br />
<br />
On 26 July 2010, Neymar was selected for the first time in the [[Brazil national football team|Brazil senior team]] by new head coach [[Mano Menezes]] for a friendly match against the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]] to be played in [[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]. On 10 August 2010 he made his debut with the national team in that game, aged 18 years old, starting the match and wearing the number 11 jersey. He scored on his debut after 28 minutes, a header coming from an [[André Santos]] cross in a 2–0 win for Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=813452&sec=global&cc=5739|title=Neymar scores on Brazil debut|date=11 August 2010|work=ESPN Soccernet|access-date=13 August 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102085237/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=813452&sec=global&cc=5739|archive-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> On 1 March 2011, Neymar said: "Being on the Brazilian team is a privilege, There are some marvelous players and I'm very happy to be among them."<ref name="Samba Star" /> On 27 March 2011, he scored twice in a 2–0 win against [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] at the [[Emirates Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/scotland/9431234.stm|title=Scotland 0–2 Brazil|date=27 March 2011|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=29 March 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> During the match against [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]], a banana was thrown onto the pitch after he scored from the penalty spot, which led Neymar to complain about 'constant jeering and an atmosphere of racism', implying that Scottish fans exhibited racism.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/27/neymar-racism-brazil-scotland | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ewan | last=Murray | title=Brazil's Neymar answers back after banana is thrown in Scotland match | date=27 March 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305031551/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/27/neymar-racism-brazil-scotland | archive-date=5 March 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/International-friendly-Scotland-0-2-Brazil-Neymar-complains-that-banana-was-thrown-at-him-article717728.html |title=Brazil-Scotland friendly marred by Neymar banana incident |date=27 March 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=29 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728094347/http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/International-friendly-Scotland-0-2-Brazil-Neymar-complains-that-banana-was-thrown-at-him-article717728.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref> While Scottish officials explained that Neymar had been booed solely for perceived injury-feigning, a German student who was in the stadium amongst Brazil supporters said that he threw the banana with no racist intentions. This led to the [[Scottish Football Association]] asking the [[Brazilian Football Confederation]] for an apology for the accusations made to the Scottish fans.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/29/german-teenager-banana-brazil | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ewan | last=Murray | title=German teenager admits throwing banana during Brazil v Scotland match | date=29 March 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305032357/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/29/german-teenager-banana-brazil | archive-date=5 March 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/scotland/12925272.stm|title=Scottish FA seeks apology from Brazil over racism claim|date=31 March 2011|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=31 March 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> Neymar refused to apologise or retract his words, claiming he "did not accuse any person or any group of supporters".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/31/scottish-fa-apology-brazil-racism-neymar | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ewan | last=Murray | title=Scottish FA demands apology from Brazil over claims of racism | date=31 March 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305032254/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/31/scottish-fa-apology-brazil-racism-neymar | archive-date=5 March 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/apr/01/brazil-neymar-scotland-racism-claims | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Brazil's Neymar refuses to apologise to Scotland for racism claims | date=1 April 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305031830/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/apr/01/brazil-neymar-scotland-racism-claims | archive-date=5 March 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
===2011 South American Youth Championship and Copa América===<br />
Neymar was the leading goal scorer of the [[2011 South American Youth Championship]] with nine goals, including two in the final, in Brazil's 6–0 win against Uruguay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil hit heights once more|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2011/m=2/news=brazil-hit-heights-once-more-1382702.html|agency=FIFA.com|date=21 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305063735/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y%3D2011/m%3D2/news%3Dbrazil-hit-heights-once-more-1382702.html|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> He also took part at the [[2011 Copa América]] in [[Argentina]], where he scored two goals in the first-round game against [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]]. He was selected 'Man of the Match' in Brazil's first match against [[Venezuela national football team|Venezuela]], which ended a [[2011 Copa América Group B#Brazil v Venezuela|1–1]] draw. Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-finals in a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]] against [[Paraguay national football team|Paraguay]] (2–2 [[Overtime (association football)|a.e.t.]]), with Neymar being substituted in the 80th minute.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil v Paraguay – As it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/17/brazil-paraguay-live-copa-america|work=The Guardian|date=21 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810012754/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/17/brazil-paraguay-live-copa-america|archive-date=10 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2012 Summer Olympics and first hat-trick===<br />
[[File:Brazil at the 2012 Olympics.jpg|thumb|right|Neymar preparing to take a free-kick from 30 yards out against Belarus at [[Old Trafford]] in Manchester during the [[2012 Summer Olympics]]]]<br />
<br />
On 11 May 2012, Neymar was selected for the squad of the [[Brazil Olympic football team]] to participate in the [[London 2012 Olympic Games]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www1.skysports.com/olympics/football/ones-to-watch/21746/7060689/ |location=London |publisher=Sky Sports |title=Neymar Profile for 2012 Olympics |date=29 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623115348/http://www1.skysports.com/olympics/football/ones-to-watch/21746/7060689/ |archive-date=23 June 2012 }}</ref><br />
In Brazil's first warm-up match on 20 July 2012, against the host nation [[Great Britain national football team|Great Britain]] at [[Riverside Stadium]], Neymar was involved in both goals of a 2–0 win, first making an assist with a free-kick into the six-yard box for [[Sandro (footballer, born 1989)|Sandro]]'s header, before converting a penalty.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18929315 | location=London | publisher=BBC Sport | title=Team GB were outclassed by Neymar | date=20 July 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904210333/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18929315 | archive-date=4 September 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 26 July 2012, Neymar scored his first goal of the 2012 Summer Olympics in Brazil's opening fixture against [[Egypt national under-23 football team|Egypt]], which ended a 3–2 victory for Brazil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match=fbm400c02/doc=results.html |location=London |publisher=BBC Sport |title=Brazil 3–2 Egypt |date=26 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731223405/http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match%3Dfbm400c02/doc%3Dresults.html |archive-date=31 July 2012 }}</ref> In the following match against [[Belarus national under-23 football team|Belarus]] at [[Old Trafford]] in Manchester, Neymar scored a free-kick from 25-yards into the top-right corner of the goal and set up goals for [[Alexandre Pato]]'s header with a cross from the right and [[Oscar (footballer, born 1991)|Oscar]] with a back heel as Brazil secured their place in the quarter-finals with a 3–1 win. Afterwards he said: "I scored and made two assists so for me it was perfect".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1128175/men's-olympics:-neymar-lifts-brazil,-uruguay-stunned?cc=3888 | publisher=ESPN | title=Neymar lifts Brazil | date=29 July 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html | archive-date=11 June 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match=fbm400c03/index.html |location=London |publisher=BBC Sport |title=Brazil 3–1 Belarus |date=29 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730083726/http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match%3Dfbm400c03/index.html |archive-date=30 July 2012 }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 5 August 2012, in the quarter-final encounter against [[Honduras national under-23 football team|Honduras]], Neymar scored a penalty, his third goal of the tournament and assisted in [[Leandro Damião]]'s second goal on the match, to help Brazil to a 3–2 victory at [[St James' Park]] and book a place in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match=fbm400302/index.html |location=London |publisher=BBC Sport |title=Brazil 3–2 Honduras |date=4 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805013453/http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match%3Dfbm400302/index.html |archive-date=5 August 2012 }}</ref> On 11 August, Brazil lost 2–1 to [[Mexico national under-23 football team|Mexico]] in the final at [[Wembley Stadium]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mexico 2–1 Brazil: Olympic final match report|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/football/9469331/Mexico-2-1-Brazil-Olympic-final-match-report.html|issue=12 August 2012|work=The Telegraph|date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006211535/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/football/9469331/Mexico-2-1-Brazil-Olympic-final-match-report.html|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar scored his first full international hat-trick on 10 September 2012, in an 8–0 win over [[China national football team|China]] at the [[Estádio José do Rego Maciel]] in [[Recife]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Edwards|first1=Daniel|title=Brazil 8–0 China: Neymar nets hat trick in crushing victory|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/brazil-vs-china-pr/1377193/report?ICID=MP_MS_5|access-date=12 June 2014|work=Goal.com|date=10 September 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726091739/http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/brazil-vs-china-pr/1377193/report?ICID=MP_MS_5|archive-date=26 July 2014}}</ref> On 19 September, Neymar scored the winner against Argentina in a 2–1 win in the first leg of the [[2012 Superclásico de las Américas]] at the [[Estádio Serra Dourada]] in [[Goiânia]], Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=1939984.html |title=Brazil edge rivals Argentina |date=22 November 2012 |publisher=FIFA |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709012021/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid%3D1939984.html |archive-date=9 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===2013 Confederations Cup===<br />
[[File:Pique&neymar.jpg|thumb|Neymar playing against Spain's [[Gerard Piqué]] in the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Final]]]]<br />
<br />
Neymar was selected as part of [[Luiz Felipe Scolari]]'s Brazil squad for the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013 Confederations Cup]] on home soil. For the tournament he was assigned the number 10 shirt, having previously worn 11.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sports.inquirer.net/105255/football-neymar-renews-brazils-number-10-love-affair|title=Neymar renews Brazil's number 10 love affair|date=16 June 2013|access-date=18 June 2013|work=Inquirer|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620162230/http://sports.inquirer.net/105255/football-neymar-renews-brazils-number-10-love-affair|archive-date=20 June 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar scored the first goal of the tournament in a 3–0 win over [[Japan national football team|Japan]] at the [[Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha]] on 15 June.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2109892/index.html |title=Three and easy for Brazil |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522143826/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid%3D2109892/index.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref> In their second match, Neymar scored after nine minutes and crossed for [[Jô]]'s late goal to give Brazil a 2–0 win over [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20130619/brazil-mexico-neymar-confederations-cup.ap/ |title=Neymar, Brazil beat Mexico in Confederations Cup |agency=Associated Press |work=Sports Illustrated |date=19 June 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203004135/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20130619/brazil-mexico-neymar-confederations-cup.ap/ |archive-date=3 December 2013 }}</ref> He scored in his third consecutive match, with a powerful free kick from the edge of the penalty area, as Brazil beat [[Italy national football team|Italy]] 4–2, and received his third consecutive man-of-the-match award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=255199/match=300222457/summary.html |title=Fred brace sees Brazil top group |publisher=FIFA |date=22 June 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142913/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round%3D255199/match%3D300222457/summary.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/awards/manofthematch/ |title=Man of the match |publisher=FIFA |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522143319/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/awards/manofthematch/ |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 30 June, Neymar was involved in [[Fred (footballer, born 1983)|Fred]]'s opening goal and then subsequently scored Brazil's second in the 3–0 [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Final|final]] victory over [[Spain national football team|Spain]].<ref name="Brazil 3–0 Spain">{{cite web|author=Ben Smith|date=1 July 2013|title=Brazil 3–0 Spain|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23093784|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808215622/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23093784|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=2 September 2017|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Neymar's performances saw him receive the [[Golden Ball (FIFA Confederations Cup)|Golden Ball]] for player of the tournament.<ref name="prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com">{{cite news|url=http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2013/06/30/confederations-cup-awards-neymar-fernando-torres-brazil-spain-golden-ball-shoe-boot/|title=Neymar wins best player, and yes, Torres picks up another award|date=30 June 2013|work=NBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702160231/http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2013/06/30/confederations-cup-awards-neymar-fernando-torres-brazil-spain-golden-ball-shoe-boot/|archive-date=2 July 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2014 World Cup===<br />
<br />
On 5 March 2014, Neymar scored a hat-trick in a friendly win against [[South Africa national football team|South Africa]] in [[Johannesburg]]. He made headlines for his conduct after the final whistle when a South African boy ran onto the pitch. As security staff began to escort the boy from the field, Neymar intervened and introduced him to his Brazil teammates before they lifted him in the air during their celebrations.<ref name="South Africa">[https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/watch-heartwarming-moment-neymar-brazil-3211567 "Watch the heartwarming moment Neymar and Brazil embraced a jubilant young South African fan"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603195808/http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/watch-heartwarming-moment-neymar-brazil-3211567 |date=3 June 2014 }}. The Mirror. Retrieved 3 June 2014</ref><ref>[http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/03/neymar-brazil-south-africa-little-adorable-kid "An adorable kid ran on to the field during the Brazil-South Africa game"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204118/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/03/neymar-brazil-south-africa-little-adorable-kid |date=6 June 2014 }}. USA Today. Retrieved 3 June 2014</ref><br />
<br />
{{multiple image<br />
<!-- Essential parameters --><br />
| align = right<br />
| direction = vertical<br />
| header =<br />
| width = 210<br />
<!-- Image 1 --><br />
| image1 = Brazil and Croatia match at the FIFA World Cup 2014-06-12 (02).jpg<br />
| width1 =<br />
| alt1 = <br />
| caption1 = Neymar prepares to take a free kick during Brazil's opening match of the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] against Croatia<br />
<!-- Image 2 --><br />
| image2 = Brazil and Mexico match at the FIFA World Cup 2014-06-17 (19).jpg<br />
| width2 =<br />
| alt2 = <br />
| caption2 = Neymar evading a tackle against [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] at the 2014 World Cup<br />
}}<br />
On 2 June, Neymar was named in the Brazil squad for the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/brazil/10810176/Brazil-World-Cup-2014-squad.html|title=Brazil World Cup 2014 squad|date=2 June 2014|access-date=24 June 2014|work=The Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602213130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/brazil/10810176/Brazil-World-Cup-2014-squad.html|archive-date=2 June 2014}}</ref> Going into the tournament, as the team's star player Neymar was expected to lead Brazil to their sixth World Cup success, and first title on home soil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/Worldcup/Pele-worried-about-great-expectations-for-Neymar/-/925198/2344716/-/v87bysz/-/index.html|title=Pele worried about great expectations for Neymar|date=11 June 2014|access-date=24 June 2014|work=Daily Nation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231534/http://www.nation.co.ke/Worldcup/Pele-worried-about-great-expectations-for-Neymar/-/925198/2344716/-/v87bysz/-/index.html|archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> One week prior to the team's opening match, Neymar scored once and made two assists in a 4–0 friendly win over [[Panama national football team|Panama]].<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/neymar-leads-brazil-win-panama-23980985 "Neymar leads Brazil to 4–0 win over Panama"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605154953/https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/neymar-leads-brazil-win-panama-23980985 |date=5 June 2014 }}. ABC News. Retrieved 3 June 2014</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar earned his 50th international cap in the opening match of the tournament, on 12 June against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] in [[São Paulo]]. In the 26th minute, with Croatia leading 1–0, Neymar elbowed Croatian midfielder [[Luka Modrić]], after which Neymar was issued a [[Yellow card (association football)|yellow card]].<ref name="Squawka News Brazil Croatia">{{cite news |url=http://www.squawka.com/news/brazil-2-1-croatia-neymar-double-saves-selecao-embarrassment/123118 |title=Brazil 3–1 Croatia: Neymar and Oscar complete Brazil turnaround in Group A opener |work=Squawka News |last=Hamouda |first=Omar |date=12 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617134318/http://www.squawka.com/news/brazil-2-1-croatia-neymar-double-saves-selecao-embarrassment/123118 |archive-date=17 June 2014 }}</ref> Many critics agreed that Neymar's punishment was too lenient and that he should have been issued a [[Red card (association football)|red card]].<ref name="Japanese fans regret and 26th minute">{{cite news |url=http://tbo.com/ap/sports/japanese-fans-express-regret-over-nishimuras-call-ap_sportsacc2edcfdaa1487e8ac8f21b7c0e2901 |title=Japanese fans express regret over Nishimura's call |newspaper=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |agency=Associated Press |date=13 June 2014 |access-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140702111252/http://tbo.com/ap/sports/japanese-fans-express-regret-over-nishimuras-call-ap_sportsacc2edcfdaa1487e8ac8f21b7c0e2901 |archive-date=2 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Independent Online Brazil Croatia">{{cite news |url=http://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/cup-competitions/japan-fa-defends-ref-nishimura-1.1704070 |title=Japan FA defends ref Nishimura |work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]] |agency=[[South African Press Association]] |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622023340/http://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/cup-competitions/japan-fa-defends-ref-nishimura-1.1704070 |archive-date=22 June 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Firstpost Brazil Croatia">{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/brazil-live-in-japan-football-fans-ashamed-of-referee-nishimura-1566939.html |title=Brazil Live: In Japan football fans 'ashamed' of referee Nishimura |work=[[Firstpost]] |last=Perera |first=Ayeshea |date=13 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615155023/http://www.firstpost.com/world/brazil-live-in-japan-football-fans-ashamed-of-referee-nishimura-1566939.html |archive-date=15 June 2014 }}</ref> He equalised before half-time with a shot from outside the box and gave Brazil the lead in the second half with a penalty kick, following a [[List of 2014 FIFA World Cup controversies#Brazil vs Croatia|controversial decision]] by the referee, in an eventual 3–1 win.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil 3–1 Croatia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25285029|access-date=12 June 2014|publisher=BBC Sport|date=12 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708110046/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25285029|archive-date=8 July 2014}}</ref> In the third group match, he again scored twice as the ''Seleção'' defeated [[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] 4–1 to reach the [[2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285277|title=Cameroon 1–4 Brazil|date=23 June 2014|access-date=24 June 2014|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624000126/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285277|archive-date=24 June 2014}}</ref> In the [[2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Round of 16|round of 16]] against [[Chile national football team|Chile]], the match finished 1–1 after 120 minutes and was decided by a penalty shoot-out with Neymar scoring what proved to be the winning kick for Brazil.<ref name=beeb>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27952759 "Brazil 1–1 Chile"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709122914/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27952759 |date=9 July 2014 }}. BBC Sport. Retrieved 30 June 2014</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Quarter-finals|quarter-final]] defeat of [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]], while challenging for the ball, Neymar was kneed in the back by [[Juan Camilo Zúñiga]] and had to be removed from the pitch on a stretcher. A hospital scan revealed that Neymar had suffered a [[Spinal fracture|fractured vertebra]] in his spine and he missed the rest of the World Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28173132|title=Neymar: Injured Brazil forward ruled out of World Cup|date=4 July 2014|access-date=5 July 2014|publisher=BBC Sport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705001328/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28173132|archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> Earlier in the match, Neymar assisted [[Thiago Silva]]'s opening goal with a cross from a corner kick.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/world-cup-brazil-colombia-matchpack-can-brazil-stop-221213226--sow.html|title=World Cup – Neymar out of finals as Brazil overcome stubborn Colombia|date=4 July 2014|access-date=6 July 2014|work=Eurosport|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221159/https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/world-cup-brazil-colombia-matchpack-can-brazil-stop-221213226--sow.html|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> It was the second Neymar assist from a corner in the tournament, after creating [[David Luiz]]'s goal in the previous round against Chile.<ref name=beeb/> Without their injured talisman Neymar (and the suspended captain Thiago Silva), Brazil would ultimately lose in the semi-final in a stunning [[Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)|7–1 defeat to Germany]] on 8 July.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wallace|first=Sam|date=8 July 2014|title=Brazil vs Germany match report World Cup 2014: Utter humiliation for hosts as Thomas Muller and Toni Kroos help Germany hit seven past Selecao|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/brazil-vs-germany-match-report-world-cup-2014-utter-humiliation-for-brazil-as-germany-hit-seven-9593317.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102200311/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/brazil-vs-germany-match-report-world-cup-2014-utter-humiliation-for-brazil-as-germany-hit-seven-9593317.html|archive-date=2 January 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 11 July, Neymar was named on the 10-man shortlist for FIFA's [[2014 FIFA World Cup#Golden Ball|Golden Ball]] award for the tournament's best player.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28274011|title=World Cup 2014: Fifa announces Golden Ball shortlist|date=11 July 2014|access-date=12 July 2014|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712035351/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28274011|archive-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> He won the [[FIFA World Cup Golden Shoe#Golden Boot|Bronze Boot]] as the tournament's third top goalscorer and was named in the [[FIFA World Cup Golden Shoe#All-Star Team|World Cup All Star XI]].<ref>[https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html "adidas Golden Boot"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231163656/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html |date=31 December 2014 }}. FIFA. Retrieved 16 July 2014</ref><br />
<br />
===2015 Copa América===<br />
With captain [[Thiago Silva]] ruled out through injury, new coach [[Dunga]] decided to make Neymar captain and confirmed on 5 September that the forward would stay on as skipper on a permanent basis.<ref>[http://www.espnfc.com/brazil/story/2020716/neymar-confirmed-as-new-brazil-captain-by-dunga "Neymar replaces Thiago Silva as Brazil captain"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111035231/http://www.espnfc.com/brazil/story/2020716/neymar-confirmed-as-new-brazil-captain-by-dunga |date=11 November 2014 }}. ESPN. Retrieved 11 November 2014</ref> On 14 October 2014, Neymar scored four goals in one game for the first time in his international career, scoring all of Brazil's goals in 4–0 friendly win against Japan at the [[National Stadium, Singapore]].<ref name="Japan">{{cite news|title=Brazil 4–0 Japan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29619167|issue=14 October 2014|date=13 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018061146/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29619167|archive-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> At the age of just 22 years, Neymar had scored 40 goals in 58 internationals, and had become the [[Brazil national football team#Top goalscorers|fifth highest goalscorer]] for his national team.<ref name="Japan"/><ref name="RSSSF">[http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/braz-recintlp.html#goals "Goalscoring for Brazil National Team"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206104610/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/braz-recintlp.html |date=6 December 2011 }}. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 17 May 2014</ref> On 26 March 2015, Neymar scored Brazil's second goal in a 3–1 friendly win over [[France national football team|France]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=France 1–3 Brazil|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31945759|issue=26 March 2015|date=13 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31945759|archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 14 June 2015, in Brazil's opening [[2015 Copa América|Copa América]] fixture, Neymar scored the equaliser and assisted the stoppage-time winning goal by [[Douglas Costa]] as Brazil came from 0–1 down to beat [[Peru national football team|Peru]] 2–1 in [[Temuco]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33055416|title=Brazil 2–1 Peru|date=15 June 2015|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615181050/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33055416|archive-date=15 June 2015}}</ref> After Brazil's second match, a 0–1 loss to [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]] in [[Santiago]], Neymar was booked for handball, resulting in a suspension. After the final whistle, he was [[Ejection (sports)|red carded]] for deliberately kicking the ball at [[Pablo Armero]], and as a result was pushed over by Colombian striker [[Carlos Bacca]], who was also dismissed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/32832950|title=Copa America: FT: Brazil 0–1 Colombia|date=17 June 2015|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618010712/http://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/32832950|archive-date=18 June 2015}}</ref> [[CONMEBOL]] issued Neymar with a four-match ban, ruling him out for the remainder of the tournament, in addition to a $10,000 fine.<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar suspended for remainder of Copa America tournament|url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/story/2498461/neymar-suspended-for-remainder-of-copa-america|access-date=19 June 2015|publisher=ESPN|date=19 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620043609/http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/story/2498461/neymar-suspended-for-remainder-of-copa-america|archive-date=20 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2016 Summer Olympics===<br />
[[File:Brasil_conquista_primeiro_ouro_ol%C3%ADmpico_no_futebol_1039247-20082016-_mg_3424.jpg|thumb|right|Neymar preparing to strike the winning penalty kick for Brazil against Germany in the [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament#Gold medal match|Olympic final]]]]<br />
<br />
The CBF had wanted Neymar to play at the [[Copa América Centenario]] and the [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Olympics in Rio]] during the summer of 2016, but after a request from Barcelona manager Luis Enrique, he was rested from the first tournament.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Corrigan|first1=Dermot|title=Neymar absence for Brazil at Copa due to Luis Enrique's 'strong arguments'|url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/2869291/neymar-absence-for-brazil-at-copa-due-to-luis-enriques-strong-arguments|access-date=11 May 2016|publisher=ESPN|date=11 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511224534/http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/2869291/neymar-absence-for-brazil-at-copa-due-to-luis-enriques-strong-arguments|archive-date=11 May 2016}}</ref> In late June 2016, he was subsequently one of the three over-23 players to be included in [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads#Brazil|Brazil's squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics]] on home soil, and was named the team's captain by the Olympic side's manager [[Rogério Micale]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/brazil/story/2904522/neymar-and-douglas-costa-named-in-brazil-olympics-squad|title=Neymar, Douglas Costa named in Brazil Olympics squad|publisher=ESPN FC|date=29 June 2016|access-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809001325/http://www.espnfc.us/brazil/story/2904522/neymar-and-douglas-costa-named-in-brazil-olympics-squad|archive-date=9 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/brazil/story/2920200/neymar-to-captain-brazil-in-japan-friendly-rodrigo-micale-confirms|title=Neymar to captain Brazil in Japan friendly, Rodrigo Micale confirms|publisher=ESPN FC|date=29 July 2016|access-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809000814/http://www.espnfc.us/brazil/story/2920200/neymar-to-captain-brazil-in-japan-friendly-rodrigo-micale-confirms|archive-date=9 August 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
In Brazil's quarter-final clash with [[Colombia Olympic football team|Colombia]] on 13 August, Neymar scored Brazil's first goal of the match, from a [[direct free kick]], and also set up his nation's second goal in an eventual 2–0 win.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/olympics/36790173|title=Brazil 2–0 Colombia|agency=BBC|date=16 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817181625/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/olympics/36790173|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> In Brazil's semi-final clash with [[Honduras national under-23 football team|Honduras]] on 18 August, Neymar scored twice, Brazil's first and last goals of the match, in a 6–0 win.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rio Olympics 2016: Neymar scores after 14 seconds as Brazil reach final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/37111213|publisher=BBC|access-date=18 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818105100/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/37111213|archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the final against Germany at the [[Maracanã Stadium|Maracanã]] in Rio on 20 August, Neymar opened the scoring with a free-kick after 27 minutes. The game finished 1–1 after [[Max Meyer (footballer)|Max Meyer]] equalised in the second-half. Brazil beat Germany 5–4 on penalties, and Neymar scored the winning penalty to bring Brazil its first Olympic gold medal in men's football.<ref>{{cite web|title=Soccer: Neymar hands Brazil football gold medal|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-soccer-m-idUSKCN10V0VE|work=Reuters|author=Andrew Downie|date=20 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305094045/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-soccer-m-idUSKCN10V0VE|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rio Olympics 2016: Brazil beat Germany on penalties to win men's football gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36691461|publisher=BBC Sport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821120436/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36691461|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref> Both during and prior to the tournament, he had been subjected to criticism over his conduct on and off the pitch, with several former Brazil players suggesting that he was not fit to captain the national team.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dermot |last=Corrigan |title=Neymar not up to Brazil captaincy at Olympics |website=ESPN |date=10 August 2016 |url=http://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/17262123/neymar-not-brazil-captaincy-olympics-zico |access-date=21 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814223145/http://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/17262123/neymar-not-brazil-captaincy-olympics-zico |archive-date=14 August 2016 }}</ref> Neymar subsequently renounced the captaincy following their Olympic victory.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neymar stands down as Brazil captain after penalty clinches Olympic gold |website=ESPN |date=21 August 2016 |url=http://www.espn.in/football/brazil/story/2934482/neymar-stands-down-as-brazil-captain-after-penalty-clinches-olympic-gold |access-date=21 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822170036/http://www.espn.in/football/brazil/story/2934482/neymar-stands-down-as-brazil-captain-after-penalty-clinches-olympic-gold |archive-date=22 August 2016 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===2018 World Cup===<br />
[[File:Bra-Cos (13).jpg|thumb|right|Neymar [[Goal celebration|celebrates scoring]] against [[Costa Rica national football team|Costa Rica]] at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]]]]<br />
<br />
In May 2018, Neymar was named in [[Tite (football manager)|Tite]]'s final 23-man [[Brazil national football team|squad]] for the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]] in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2018|title=World Cup: Neymar named in Brazil's 23-man squad|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/amp/football/44116590|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116140842/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/amp/football/44116590|archive-date=16 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On 3 June 2018, he made his international comeback after a three-month absence from a foot injury and scored a goal in a 2–0 win over [[Croatia]] in a friendly match at [[Anfield]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Neymar makes spectacular return as Brazil beats Croatia|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/neymar-makes-spectacular-return-brazil-beats-croatia/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613003956/https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/neymar-makes-spectacular-return-brazil-beats-croatia/|archive-date=13 June 2018|access-date=3 June 2018|publisher=Sportsnet}}</ref> The following week, he became Brazil's joint-third highest goalscorer alongside [[Romário]] when he scored his 55th international goal in a 3–0 friendly win over [[Austria national football team|Austria]].<ref>{{cite news|date=10 June 2018|title=Neymar joins Romario in third on Brazil's all-time scoring chart|work=Four Four Two|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/neymar-joins-romario-third-brazils-all-time-scoring-chart|url-status=live|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031101802/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/neymar-joins-romario-third-brazils-all-time-scoring-chart|archive-date=31 October 2020}}</ref> In Brazil's second World Cup match, played against [[Costa Rica national football team|Costa Rica]] at the [[Krestovsky Stadium]], Saint Petersburg, on 22 June, Neymar scored the team's second goal in injury time as Brazil won 2–0.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 June 2018|title=Brazil 2-0 Costa Rica: Philippe Coutinho, Neymar seal dramatic late win for Tite's side|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12027/11413107/brazil-2-0-costa-rica-philippe-coutinho-neymar-seal-dramatic-late-win-for-tites-side|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206160541/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12027/11413107/brazil-2-0-costa-rica-philippe-coutinho-neymar-seal-dramatic-late-win-for-tites-side|archive-date=6 December 2019|access-date=14 January 2021|work=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> The goal, his 56th for Brazil, took him third in the all-time scoring chart behind only [[Pelé]] and [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]].<ref>{{cite news|date=23 June 2018|title=Willian, Neymar, and all the rest frustrate in Brazil's 2-0 win over Costa Rica|work=We Ain't Got No History|url=https://weaintgotnohistory.sbnation.com/2018/6/23/17495796/willian-neymar-and-all-the-rest-frustrate-in-brazils-2-0-win-over-costa-rica|url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623074341/https://weaintgotnohistory.sbnation.com/2018/6/23/17495796/willian-neymar-and-all-the-rest-frustrate-in-brazils-2-0-win-over-costa-rica|archive-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 2 July, Neymar scored his second goal of the World Cup in a 2–0 win over Mexico in the last 16, while also assisting [[Roberto Firmino]] for his goal.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 July 2018|title=Brazil beat Mexico to reach last 8|agency=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44597762|url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109043559/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44597762|archive-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> After the Mexico game, [[BBC Sport]] wrote that despite Neymar's "good performances" coming up top in several statistics at the World Cup, "there is still a sense that he remains widely unpopular among neutrals" due to his "petulance and the play-acting". Meanwhile, Brazilian newspaper ''[[O Globo]]'' wrote that "Neymar has charmed Brazil, but annoyed the whole world".<ref>{{cite web|date=2 July 2018|title=World Cup 2018: Divisive Neymar 'charms Brazil, but annoys whole world'|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44689926|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602173459/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44689926|archive-date=2 June 2019|access-date=7 July 2018|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> On 6 July, Brazil were eliminated after losing 2–1 against [[Belgium national football team|Belgium]] in the quarter-finals, with Neymar denied an injury time equaliser by a finger-tip save from Belgium goalkeeper [[Thibaut Courtois]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnston|first=Neil|date=6 July 2018|title=World Cup 2018: Belgium produce masterclass to knock out Brazil with 2–1 win|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44652178|url-status=live|access-date=7 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127153334/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44652178|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Lead up to the 2022 World Cup and 2021 Copa América===<br />
In May 2019, Neymar was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the [[2019 Copa América]] on home soil.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 May 2019|title=Brazil name Copa America squad|url=https://www.football-italia.net/138152/brazil-name-copa-america-squad|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106131142/https://www.football-italia.net/138152/brazil-name-copa-america-squad|archive-date=6 November 2020|access-date=21 May 2019|publisher=Football Italia}}</ref> On 5 June, however, he suffered an ankle injury in a 2–0 friendly win over [[Qatar national football team|Qatar]] and was ruled out of the tournament, with Neymar expected to miss four weeks due to the injury.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gallagher|first1=Jack|title=Paris Saint-Germain Confirm Neymar Will Be Out for 4 Weeks But Injury Will Not Require Surgery|url=https://www.90min.com/posts/6386708-paris-saint-germain-confirm-neymar-will-be-out-for-4-weeks-but-injury-will-not-require-surgery|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629130107/https://www.90min.com/posts/6386708-paris-saint-germain-confirm-neymar-will-be-out-for-4-weeks-but-injury-will-not-require-surgery|archive-date=29 June 2019|access-date=9 June 2019|website=90Min}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 August 2019|title=Neymar ruled out for four weeks with ankle injury - PSG|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/neymar-ruled-out-for-four-weeks-with-ankle-injury-psg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405164516/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/neymar-ruled-out-for-four-weeks-with-ankle-injury-psg|archive-date=5 April 2020|access-date=9 June 2019|website=SBS News|publisher=Special Broadcasting Service}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 10 October 2019, Neymar played his 100th match for Brazil in a friendly draw 1–1 with [[Senegal national football team|Senegal]] in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 October 2019|title=Neymar became the seventh man to win 100 caps for Brazil in a friendly draw with Senegal in Singapore|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50003195|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210084311/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50003195|archive-date=10 December 2019|access-date=14 January 2021|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On 13 October 2020, he scored a [[Hat-trick#Association football|hat-trick]] in a [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2022 FIFA World Cup qualifier]] against [[Peru national football team|Peru]], which Brazil won 4–2. He reached his 64th international goal and surpassed [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]] as the nation's second highest goalscorer of all time.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 October 2020|title=Neymar surpasses Ronaldo as Brazil's second-highest goalscorer|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/neymar-matches-ronaldo-as-brazils-second-highest-goalscorer/1a4io8y98nkeb1bm46se79l34k|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202152858/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/neymar-matches-ronaldo-as-brazils-second-highest-goalscorer/1a4io8y98nkeb1bm46se79l34k|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=Goal}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 June 2021, in Brazil's opening group match of the [[2021 Copa América]], which took place on home soil, Neymar scored his team's second goal from the penalty spot and later assisted another for [[Gabriel Barbosa]] in a 3–0 win over Venezuela.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=560522 |title=Brazil vs. Venezuela - Football Match Report - June 13, 2021 - ESPN |work=ESPN.com |date=13 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 }}</ref> In the following match on 17 June, he once again scored the second goal in an eventual 4–0 win over Peru.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2021/06/17/brazil-beats-peru-4-0-to-move-into-1st-in-copa-america-group.html |title=Brazil beats Peru 4-0 to move into 1st in Copa America group |work=thestar.com |date=17 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 }}</ref> On 23 June he assisted [[Casemiro]]'s match–winning goal from a corner in injury time of a 2–1 win over Colombia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57592206 |title=Casemiro gives Brazil controversial win |work=BBC Sport |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 }}</ref> On 2 July, he assisted [[Lucas Paquetá]]'s goal in a 1–0 win over Chile in the quarter-finals of the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12347711/copa-america-quarter-finals-brazil-edge-chile-peru-see-off-paraguay-on-penalties-in-thriller |title=Copa America quarter-finals: Brazil edge Chile, Peru see off Paraguay on penalties in thriller |publisher=Sky Sports |date=3 July 2021 |access-date=4 July 2021 }}</ref> Three days later, he once again assisted Paquetá for the only goal of the match in the semi-finals against Peru.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/article/brazil-shuts-peru-reach-final-copa-america/ |title=Brazil shuts out Peru to reach final of Copa America |publisher=www.sportsnet.ca |date=5 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 }}</ref> On 10 July, Brazil were defeated 1–0 by [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] in the [[2021 Copa América Final|final]].<ref name="Copa América final">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2021/jul/10/argentina-v-brazil-copa-america-final-live |title=Argentina 1-0 Brazil: Copa América final – live! |work=The Guardian |last1=Graham |first1=Bryan Armen |date=11 July 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021 }}</ref> Despite the loss, Neymar was named the player of the tournament alongside Argentina's Messi for his performances throughout the competition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leo Messi named player of tournament in Copa América|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/2187432/leo-messi-named-player-of-tournament-in-copa-america|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.fcbarcelona.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Player profile==<br />
===Style of play and reception===<br />
[[File:Messi with Neymar Junior the Future of Brazil.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Neymar (right) greets future teammate [[Lionel Messi]] after the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final]]. As a teenager, Neymar was inspired by Messi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 June 2013|title=I want to help Messi remain the best, Neymar says|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-spain-barcelona-neymar-idUKBRE95212E20130603?edition-redirect=uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204213/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-spain-barcelona-neymar-idUKBRE95212E20130603|archive-date=24 June 2018|access-date=14 January 2021|website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>]]<br />
<br />
Neymar primarily plays as either a [[Centre-forward|central striker]], [[second striker]], [[winger (association football)|winger]] or occasionally as an [[attacking midfielder]], and has been described as "a true phenomenon".<ref>{{cite news |title=Messi better than Neymar, says Dani Alves |url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/3277/la-liga/2012/07/12/3237559/messi-better-than-neymar-says-dani-alves |work=Goal.com |date=12 July 2012 |access-date=12 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716031159/http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/3277/la-liga/2012/07/12/3237559/messi-better-than-neymar-says-dani-alves |archive-date=16 July 2012 }}</ref><ref name=tuttomercatoweb.com>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/il-volto-nuovo/neymar-la-clonazione-e-permessa-143807|title=Neymar, la clonazione è permessa|work=Tutto Mercato|author1=Francesco Letizia|language=it|date=17 March 2009|access-date=15 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927035849/http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/il-volto-nuovo/neymar-la-clonazione-e-permessa-143807|archive-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> He often plays as a left sided forward for both club and country in the team's 4–3–3 formation, drifting infield, due to his energetic pace and [[Playmaker|playmaking]] skills; this position allows him to shoot with his stronger foot, or [[Assist (football)|create chances for teammates]].<ref name=tuttomercatoweb.com/> Neymar's [[Dribbling#Association football|dribbling]] skills, [[Association football tactics and skills|tricks]] and playmaking ability are reminiscent of compatriot [[Ronaldinho]]. His main traits are his creativity, vision, passing, finishing, dribbling, [[Dummy (football)#Association football|feints]], touch, and technique, being described as both "electric" and "explosive".<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil star Neymar goes green this summer |url=http://finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/112784_Brazil_star_Neymar_goes_green_this_summer/ |publisher=Financial |date=13 July 2012 |access-date=13 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130123112358/http://finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/112784_Brazil_star_Neymar_goes_green_this_summer/ |archive-date=23 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/spanish-primera-division/15/blog/post/3045359/luis-suarez-turns-30-and-has-gone-from-strength-to-strength-since-joining-barcelona|title=Luis Suarez at 30: Barcelona has made him better, and he's made Barca better|publisher=ESPN FC|author1=Graham Hunter|date=24 January 2017|access-date=2 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126123711/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/spanish-primera-division/15/blog/post/3045359/luis-suarez-turns-30-and-has-gone-from-strength-to-strength-since-joining-barcelona|archive-date=26 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Webb|first1=Tom|date=30 December 2015|title=Neymar Shows Off Outrageous Control as Barcelona Beat Real Betis|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2603806-neymar-shows-off-outrageous-control-as-barcelona-beat-real-betis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627212003/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2603806-neymar-shows-off-outrageous-control-as-barcelona-beat-real-betis|archive-date=27 June 2020|access-date=27 June 2020|publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> He is a notable exponent of the [[rainbow flick]].<ref>{{cite news|date=23 December 2014|title=Neymar pulls off ridiculous spinning rainbow flick to score in charity match|work=Independent|url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/leftfield/video-neymar-pulls-off-ridiculous-spinning-rainbow-flick-to-score-in-charity-match-30858750.html|url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223175828/http://www.independent.ie/sport/leftfield/video-neymar-pulls-off-ridiculous-spinning-rainbow-flick-to-score-in-charity-match-30858750.html|archive-date=23 December 2014}}</ref> A prolific goalscorer,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cox|first1=Michael|date=17 March 2016|title=Michael Cox: How Neymar's development is continuing to mirror Messi's|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/us/features/michael-cox-how-neymars-development-continuing-mirror-messis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627212333/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/us/features/michael-cox-how-neymars-development-continuing-mirror-messis|archive-date=27 June 2020|access-date=27 June 2020|publisher=FourFourTwo.com}}</ref> although naturally right-footed, he is capable of scoring with both feet, as well as with his head, and is an accurate [[Direct free kick|free-kick]] and [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty]] taker.<ref name=tuttomercatoweb.com/><ref name=generazioneditalenti.it>{{cite web|url=http://www.generazioneditalenti.it/neymar-1992-brasile/|title=NEYMAR: 1992 – BRASILE|publisher=Generazione Talenti|author1=Massimo Tanzillo|language=it|date=15 January 2011|access-date=15 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021451/http://www.generazioneditalenti.it/neymar-1992-brasile/|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> Neymar stated: "I'm always trying to perfect everything – dribbling, shooting, headers and control. You can always improve".<ref name="Samba Star">{{cite news | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/01/sport/football/football-neymar-santos-brazil/index.html | title = Work and play – Brazil's samba star Neymar has it all | publisher = CNN | date = 1 March 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120409170138/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/01/sport/football/football-neymar-santos-brazil/index.html | archive-date = 9 April 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> He has been inspired by [[Lionel Messi]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Andrés Iniesta]], [[Xavi]] and [[Wayne Rooney]].<ref>[http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/7585054/neymar-cools-messi-comparisons "Neymar cools Messi comparison"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210202838/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/7585054/neymar-cools-messi-comparisons |date=10 December 2013 }}. Sky Sports. Retrieved 9 May 2014</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Neymar 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|Neymar, playing for Brazil in 2011, has been compared to compatriots [[Pelé]] and [[Ronaldinho]]]]<br />
<br />
Considered to be a highly promising player in his youth,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Daniels|first1=Tim|date=25 May 2013|title=Neymar to Barcelona: Barca Officially Signs Brazilian Star|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1649197-neymar-to-barcelona-barca-reportedly-signs-brazilian-star|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111180953/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1649197-neymar-to-barcelona-barca-reportedly-signs-brazilian-star|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=27 June 2020|publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Brazilian playmaker Ronaldinho had also tipped Neymar on becoming the best player in the world, stating in 2013: "Neymar is young though, and I can't explain how special he will become. In the next two or three seasons he will become the best player."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/584/brazil/2013/02/05/3729583/ronaldinho-tips-neymar-to-become-worlds-best |title=Ronaldinho: Neymar will emulate Messi |work=Goal.com |date=5 February 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210030959/http://www.goal.com/en/news/584/brazil/2013/02/05/3729583/ronaldinho-tips-neymar-to-become-worlds-best |archive-date=10 February 2013 }}</ref> Another Brazilian star, retired World Cup winner [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]] also believed that Neymar could become the best in the world, commenting: "Logically, Messi is better right now but Neymar is a great talent who will show the world that he will be number one".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.givemesport.com/194801-ronaldo-neymar-can-be-better-than-messi |title=Ronaldo: Neymar can be better than Messi |work=GiveMeSport |access-date=30 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328103604/http://www.givemesport.com/194801-ronaldo-neymar-can-be-better-than-messi |archive-date=28 March 2014 }}</ref> Former Real Madrid sporting director [[Jorge Valdano]] has also praised Neymar, stating: "I like Neymar a lot. Many of his individual actions result in a goal and often it's a move that only seems to be happening with him on the pitch."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2892/transfer-zone/2013/05/24/4001245/signing-neymar-would-be-a-huge-coup-for-real-madrid-valdano |work=Goal.com |title=Signing Neymar would be a huge coup for Real Madrid – Valdano |date=26 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610082649/http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2892/transfer-zone/2013/05/24/4001245/signing-neymar-would-be-a-huge-coup-for-real-madrid-valdano |archive-date=10 June 2013 }}</ref> After joining Barcelona, Neymar consequently established himself as one of the best players in world football.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pettigrove|first=Jason|date=11 March 2015|title=Why Neymar Is the 3rd-Best Player in the World on Current Form|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2387319-why-neymar-is-the-third-best-player-in-the-world-on-current-form|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315033631/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2387319-why-neymar-is-the-third-best-player-in-the-world-on-current-form|archive-date=15 March 2015|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Bleacher Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Haisley|first=Billy|date=10 December 2020|title=Neymar Is Finally The Best Player In The World|url=https://defector.com/neymar-is-finally-the-best-player-in-the-world/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210205924/https://defector.com/neymar-is-finally-the-best-player-in-the-world/|archive-date=10 December 2020|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Defector}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Quote box|width=30%|align=left|quote="And so, circus Neymar arrived in Dortmund. The Brazilian’s moods, histrionics, petulance, and goalscoring prowess were on view in every fascinating and exasperating detail."|source=—''[[Forbes]]'' on some of the traits associated with Neymar following a Champions League game for PSG against Borussia Dortmund, February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kunti|first=Samindra|date=18 February 2020|title=Champions League: Petulant Neymar And PSG Toppled By Dortmund Prodigy Haaland|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samindrakunti/2020/02/18/champions-league-petulant-neymar-and-psg-toppled-by-dortmund-prodigy-haaland/?sh=2148c8464419|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114163042/https://www.forbes.com/sites/samindrakunti/2020/02/18/champions-league-petulant-neymar-and-psg-toppled-by-dortmund-prodigy-haaland/?sh=e5cf0e544192|archive-date=14 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>}}<br />
However, Neymar also has been known and criticised for his excessive [[Diving (association football)|diving]]<ref name="NYTimes2018">{{cite web|date=5 July 2018|title=Neymar and the Art of the Dive|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/sports/world-cup/neymar-brazil-diving.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105020938/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/sports/world-cup/neymar-brazil-diving.html|archive-date=5 January 2021|access-date=14 January 2021|work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Guardian2018">{{cite web|date=5 July 2018|title=Neymar can be the best in the world but he has to grow up first|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/03/neymar-best-in-the-world-grow-up-first|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109004730/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/03/neymar-best-in-the-world-grow-up-first|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="BleacherReport2018">{{cite web|date=5 July 2018|title=Neymar Dive in Mexico Game Enrages Twitter|url=https://bleacherreport.com/neymar-dive-in-mexico-game-enrages-twitter|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920205333/https://bleacherreport.com/neymar-dive-in-mexico-game-enrages-twitter|archive-date=20 September 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|work=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref><ref name="Deadspin2018">{{cite web|date=5 July 2018|title=Neymar Theatrical Diving Is Already Corrupting The Youth|url=https://deadspin.com/neymars-theatrical-diving-is-already-corrupting-the-you-1827360733|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925174434/https://deadspin.com/neymars-theatrical-diving-is-already-corrupting-the-you-1827360733|archive-date=25 September 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|work=[[Deadspin]]}}</ref> when tackled by another player for which Pelé has said, "[h]e is a player with a body that can't take a lot of hits. [...] A lot of times he will fall because he can't do anything else, but he was overdoing it." He continued: "Even when he is fouled, he can't make a spectacle out of it".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Pele-says-he-told-young-star-Neymar-to-stop-diving/articleshow/8957666.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Pele says he told young star Neymar to stop diving |date=23 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821001847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Pele-says-he-told-young-star-Neymar-to-stop-diving/articleshow/8957666.cms |archive-date=21 August 2012 }}</ref> During the 2018 World Cup, Neymar's antics inspired on social media the Neymar Challenge for dramatic dives.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hoffman|first1=Ashley|title=The 'Neymar Challenge' Is Spreading Laughter Across the World|url=http://time.com/5333146/neymar-challenge/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128154835/https://time.com/5333146/neymar-challenge/|archive-date=28 November 2020|access-date=4 May 2019|website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Allison|first1=Alexis|title=Fans diving into Neymar Challenge in dramatic fashion|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/worldcup/fans-diving-into-neymar-challenge-dramatic-fashion-1.4737655|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035758/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/worldcup/fans-diving-into-neymar-challenge-dramatic-fashion-1.4737655|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=4 May 2019|website=[[CBC Sports]]}}</ref> As the star player for Brazil (and PSG) he is often the most targeted player on the field; he was the most fouled player in Europe's top leagues in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 July 2018|title=PSG's Neymar the most fouled player in Europe's top leagues|agency=ESPN|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/paris-saint-germain/story/3394387/psgs-neymar-the-most-fouled-player-in-europes-top-leagues|url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109021613/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/paris-saint-germain/story/3394387/psgs-neymar-the-most-fouled-player-in-europes-top-leagues|archive-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> A divisive figure in the sport, he has been accused of exaggerating injury, with [[Eric Cantona]] stating Neymar is a "great actor", comparing him to a wheeled suitcase: "you barely touch it, and it turns round and round for hours."<ref>{{cite web|date=30 June 2018|title=Manchester United legend Eric Cantona issues Neymar warning|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/man-united-eric-cantona-neymar-14849353|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025221116/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/man-united-eric-cantona-neymar-14849353|archive-date=25 October 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=Manchester Evening News|publisher=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Stokes|first1=Aaron|title=Neymar: Brazil star BRUTALLY mocked again by former Man Utd star Eric Cantona|url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/982602/Neymar-Brazil-mocked-World-Cup-diving-Man-Utd-star-Eric-Cantona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050642/https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/982602/Neymar-Brazil-mocked-World-Cup-diving-Man-Utd-star-Eric-Cantona|archive-date=3 July 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|work=[[The Daily Express]]}}</ref> In response to the criticism over his petulance and histrionics, Neymar starred in a post 2018 World Cup commercial where he admitted to not being able to deal with his frustrations which contributed to theatrics while on the pitch and promised to change for the better.<ref>{{Citation|last=Gillette Brasil|title=Um Novo Homem Todo Dia {{!}} Gillette & Neymar Jr.|date=29 July 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJRjk0SGcqQ|access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref> He has also struggled with injuries throughout his career.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Castro|first1=Jorge|date=29 August 2019|title=Neymar ahead of Bale for time out through injury|url=https://en.as.com/en/2019/08/29/football/1567075330_718706.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813071016/https://en.as.com/en/2019/08/29/football/1567075330_718706.html|archive-date=13 August 2020|access-date=27 June 2020|publisher=AS.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Comparisons===<br />
The media have often drawn comparisons between Neymar and Brazilian legend [[Pelé]],<ref name="generazioneditalenti.it" /> as Neymar possesses similar attributes and also like Pelé came from the Santos Youth Academy and turned heads with his skill. Neymar has said that Pelé is his "role model" but also saying: "I don't like to make a comparison with Pelé".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://es.zinio.com/reader.jsp?issue=416228806&o=int&prev=sub&p=50 | work=FourFourTwo| title=Pelé – Neymar's role model | date=13 November 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html | archive-date=11 June 2015 | df=dmy-all | access-date=13 November 2012 }}</ref> He has also been compared to compatriot [[Ronaldinho]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2020/05/01/5eac3eb146163ff2558b45aa.html |title=Fabregas: Neymar is at Ronaldinho's level, Messi liked having him in his team |work=MARCA |date=1 May 2020 |access-date=27 June 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar's increasing reputation led both the media and former great players to draw comparisons between Neymar and Barcelona forward Lionel Messi, which Neymar has commented on saying: "Messi is above everyone, there is no use comparing me with him. He is the best player in the world and I always get inspired when I watch good football."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11827/7585054/Neymar-cools-Messi-comparisons | publisher=Sky Sports | title=Neymar cools Messi comparisons | date=10 March 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314165711/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11827/7585054/Neymar-cools-Messi-comparisons | archive-date=14 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Ronaldo stated: "Neymar is a great talent, the best we have in Brazil. He is very similar to Messi." [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]] said: "I see Neymar like a [Cristiano] Ronaldo or a Messi, the type who appears and makes things happen."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/8521834/Neymar-Brazils-Next-Big-Thing-could-still-be-the-answer-to-Chelseas-prayers.html | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Next Big Thing | date=19 May 2011 | location=London | first=Sam | last=Green | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124192531/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/8521834/Neymar-Brazils-Next-Big-Thing-could-still-be-the-answer-to-Chelseas-prayers.html | archive-date=24 January 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> After his hat-trick in a 3–1 victory against Internacional in the Copa Libertadores and Messi's five goals scored in the Champions League, Neymar said: "I am a Messi fan. I was told what he did today. I support him to score a lot of nice goals so I can keep copying and imitating him."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1032521/copa-libertadores:-hat-trick-hero-neymar-inspired-by-lionel-messi?cc=3888 | publisher=FIFA | title=Hat-trick hero Neymar inspired by Messi | date=8 March 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310214609/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1032521/copa-libertadores%3A-hat-trick-hero-neymar-inspired-by-lionel-messi?cc=3888 | archive-date=10 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Polden|first=Jake|date=10 October 2019|title=Neymar compares himself to Lionel Messi because he's "important"|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/neymar-compares-himself-lionel-messi-20551868|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010122326/https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/neymar-compares-himself-lionel-messi-20551868|archive-date=10 October 2019|access-date=10 October 2019|website=Mirror}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Outside football==<br />
===Personal life===<br />
[[File:Brasil conquista primeiro ouro olímpico nos penaltis 1039248-20082016- mg 0015cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|Neymar expresses his Christian faith after winning the gold medal with [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil]] at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]]]]<br />
<br />
Neymar has a son, Davi Lucca, born on 13 August 2011, with former girlfriend Carolina Dantas.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/taxman-nets-barcelona-striker-neymar-s-private-jet-and-yacht-in-33m-raid-a3181591.html | title=Taxman nets Barcelona striker Neymar's private jet and yacht in £33m raid | work=Evening Standard | date=16 February 2016 | access-date=4 August 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821213701/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/taxman-nets-barcelona-striker-neymar-s-private-jet-and-yacht-in-33m-raid-a3181591.html | archive-date=21 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> He has a very close [[sibling relationship]] with his sister Rafaella Beckran, and cemented this [[platonic love|platonic]] closeness by tattooing her face on his arm, while Beckran tattooed her brother's eyes on her arm.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/neymar-reveals-new-tattoo-of-his-sisters-face-on-his-arm-10345683.html "Neymar reveals new tattoo of his sister's face on his arm"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828230450/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/neymar-reveals-new-tattoo-of-his-sisters-face-on-his-arm-10345683.html |date=28 August 2015 }}. The Independent. Retrieved 1 August 2015</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar is a [[Christianity|Christian]],<ref>{{cite web|title=neymarjr|url=http://instagram.com/p/jgf7PgxtpQ/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728215425/http://instagram.com/p/jgf7PgxtpQ/|archive-date=28 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=neymarjr|url=http://instagram.com/p/jPcOdKRttJ/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728201305/http://instagram.com/p/jPcOdKRttJ/|archive-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> and follows the [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] branch of the religion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neymar's Religion Helps Ease Burden Amid Concern of Divisiveness|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-14/neymar-s-religion-helps-ease-burden-amid-concern-of-divisiveness.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109134214/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-14/neymar-s-religion-helps-ease-burden-amid-concern-of-divisiveness.html|archive-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> Neymar has spoken about his faith saying: "Life only makes sense when our highest ideal is to serve [[Jesus|Christ]]!"<ref>{{cite web|title=neymarjr|url=http://instagram.com/p/kRgc5SRtu5/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728181315/http://instagram.com/p/kRgc5SRtu5/|archive-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> Additionally, he has sometimes worn a headband with the words "100% Jesus".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierchristianity.com/Blog/The-Christian-faith-of-the-world-s-most-expensive-football-player |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809045010/https://www.premierchristianity.com/Blog/The-Christian-faith-of-the-world-s-most-expensive-football-player |archive-date=9 August 2017 }}</ref><br />
Neymar reportedly also [[tithe]]s (10%) his income to his church and has named [[Kaká]] as his religious role model.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.modernghana.com/sports/466431/2/barcelona-neymar-regularly-offers-10-of-his-earnin.html |title=Barcelona : Neymar regularly offers 10% of his earnings to the Church! |work=Modern Ghana |date=30 May 2013 |access-date=18 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180549/http://www.modernghana.com/sports/466431/2/barcelona-neymar-regularly-offers-10-of-his-earnin.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> Each year, Neymar organises a charity match with fellow Brazilian footballer [[Nenê (footballer, born 1981)|Nenê]] in Nenê's hometown of [[Jundiaí]], with the purpose of raising food for needy families.<ref>[http://www.lemeilleurdupsg.com/article-35595-nene-defie-neymar.html "L'ancien joueur du PSG a convié le néo-capitaine de la Seleçao Neymar pour les bienfaits de son match de bienfaisance Fome So de Bola."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214163650/http://www.lemeilleurdupsg.com/article-35595-nene-defie-neymar.html |date=14 February 2015 }}. PSG.com. Retrieved 3 September 2015</ref> In addition to his native [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], Neymar also speaks Spanish.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neymar: "Messi y Suárez son dos genios" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc1FkeSQ-vo |website=YouTube |publisher=La Liga |access-date=14 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Neymar Jr - Exclusive Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzgPmjR6alg |website=YouTube |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=14 June 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2019, police announced that a rape investigation against Neymar would be dropped due to insufficient evidence.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2019|title=Neymar rape case dropped over lack of evidence|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49160302|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629232207/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49160302|archive-date=29 June 2020|access-date=27 August 2019|work=BBC News}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 2 September 2020, it was reported that Neymar, along with PSG teammates [[Ángel Di María]] and [[Leandro Paredes]], tested positive for [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]]. The French sports newspaper ''[[L'Équipe]]'' said that the three players reportedly went on vacation in [[Ibiza]]. As a result, they were quarantined for one week, and the rest of the players and working staff were scheduled to take a coronavirus test within the same week.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 September 2020|title=PSG's Neymar tests positive for coronavirus - sources|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/paris-saint-germain/story/4171449/psgs-neymar-tests-positive-for-covid-19-sources|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103142926/https://www.espn.com/soccer/paris-saint-germain/story/4171449/psgs-neymar-tests-positive-for-covid-19-sources|archive-date=3 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 September 2020|title=Report: Neymar among positive COVID-19 tests at PSG|url=https://soccer.nbcsports.com/2020/09/02/neymar-covid-19-positive-test-psg-coronavirus/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124034917/https://soccer.nbcsports.com/2020/09/02/neymar-covid-19-positive-test-psg-coronavirus/|archive-date=24 November 2020|access-date=3 September 2020|publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref><br />
<br />
During a match between Paris Saint-Germain and [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]], Neymar reported being racially abused by [[Álvaro González (footballer, born 1990)|Álvaro González]], after being sent off for hitting him in the back of the head.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2020|title=Neymar regrets not hitting Alvaro in the face after red card|url=https://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/neymar-regrets-not-hitting-alvaro-in-the-face-after-red-card|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925131528/https://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/neymar-regrets-not-hitting-alvaro-in-the-face-after-red-card|archive-date=25 September 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=The World Game}}</ref> In the aftermath, Neymar hit back on [[social media]], as the Spanish defender denied saying any racist comments during the match.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2020|title=Álvaro denies Neymar's racism accusations|url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/09/14/football/1600061441_900177.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027014625/https://en.as.com/en/2020/09/14/football/1600061441_900177.html|archive-date=27 October 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=AS.com|language=en}}</ref> On 16 September, Neymar was handed a two-match ban for his actions; LaLiga also began an investigation into the alleged racist comments made by Álvaro.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2020|title=Neymar given ban as Ligue 1 release full set of sanctions from shocking brawl|url=https://talksport.com/football/760688/neymar-two-match-ban-slap-brawl-ligue-1-investigation-alleged-racism-paris-saint-germain-marseille/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930040526/https://talksport.com/football/760688/neymar-two-match-ban-slap-brawl-ligue-1-investigation-alleged-racism-paris-saint-germain-marseille/|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=talkSPORT}}</ref> Several days before the decision made by the French league, Spanish radio station [[Cadena SER]] claimed to have footage of Neymar racially abusing OM player [[Hiroki Sakai]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 September 2020|title='Chinese s**t': The video which could land Neymar in hot water for alleged racist insult|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/neymar-racist-insult-video-psg-vs-marseille-hiroki-sakai/news-story/c54c4abbf05d127aea41b7666ad6b2c0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202153153/https://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/neymar-racist-insult-video-psg-vs-marseille-hiroki-sakai/news-story/c54c4abbf05d127aea41b7666ad6b2c0?nk=d35640a9cdf87a4b91d19ac5d91c0fd8-1606923113|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=[[FOX Sports]]}}</ref> On 30 September, LaLiga decided that both Álvaro and Neymar would receive no suspensions, because proof of their wrongdoings were insufficient.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Neymar and Alvaro Gonzalez avoid disciplinary action following bust-up|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11800/12086388/neymar-and-alvaro-gonzalez-avoid-disciplinary-action-following-bust-up|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202152755/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11800/12086388/neymar-and-alvaro-gonzalez-avoid-disciplinary-action-following-bust-up|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Additionally, the day after the ruling, Sakai denied on social media that Neymar had made racist comments toward him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thomas|first=Josh|date=1 October 2020|title=Neymar defended by Marseille's Sakai over racism claim|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/neymar-defended-by-marseilles-sakai-over-racism-claim/1gmm44hy0nq1a10twwg7wnniik|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209164918/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/neymar-defended-by-marseilles-sakai-over-racism-claim/1gmm44hy0nq1a10twwg7wnniik|archive-date=9 December 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Wealth and sponsorships===<br />
Neymar has signed many sponsorship deals since his reputation began to grow from the age of 17. In March 2011, he signed an 11-year contract with American sportswear company [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]],<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/neymar_nets_long-term_deal_with_nike/ |title= Neymar nets long-term deal with Nike |publisher= Sports Pro Media |date= 24 March 2011 |access-date= 24 March 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110425202316/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/neymar_nets_long-term_deal_with_nike/ |archive-date= 25 April 2011 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> which ended in August 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 August 2020|title=Neymar, Nike part ways after 15 years|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/neymar-nike-part-ways-15-002831323.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029144527/https://sports.yahoo.com/neymar-nike-part-ways-15-002831323.html|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=30 August 2020|publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Neymar has since signed with German sportswear company [[Puma (brand)|Puma]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar Jr. Signs Long-Term Deal With Puma|agency=Sneaker News|url=https://sneakernews.com/2020/09/14/neymar-puma-deal/|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126161839/https://sneakernews.com/2020/09/14/neymar-puma-deal/|archive-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> Still in March 2011, [[Panasonic]] paid US$2.4&nbsp;million to secure Neymar's services for two years. Prior to signing for Barcelona, ''[[France Football]]'' had ranked Neymar 13th in its list of the world's richest players in 2012, with total earnings of $18.8&nbsp;million for the previous 12 months.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2012/03/19/2978603/messi-tops-football-rich-list-ahead-of-beckham-and-cristiano | title = Messi tops football rich list ahead of Beckham and Cristiano Ronaldo | date = 19 March 2012 | access-date = 19 March 2012 | website = goal.com | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120321095721/http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2012/03/19/2978603/messi-tops-football-rich-list-ahead-of-beckham-and-cristiano | archive-date = 21 March 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2012-04/16/content_25155637_8.htm | title = 13.Neymar – Top 20 highest-paid football players 2012 | date = 16 April 2012 | access-date = 16 April 2012 | publisher = china.org.cn | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120417141718/http://china.org.cn/top10/2012-04/16/content_25155637_8.htm | archive-date = 17 April 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> He has also signed other sponsorships from [[Volkswagen]], Tenys Pé Baruel, Lupo, [[Ambev]], [[Claro Americas|Claro]], [[Unilever]] and [[Santander Group|Santander]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sportspromedia.com/notes_and_insights/the_worlds_17th_most_marketable_athlete_-_neymar/ |title= The world's 17th most marketable athlete – Neymar |publisher= Sports Pro Media |date= 25 May 2011 |access-date= 25 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111119123021/http://www.sportspromedia.com/notes_and_insights/the_worlds_17th_most_marketable_athlete_-_neymar/ |archive-date= 19 November 2011 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://brazilianbubble.com/living-large-football-star-neymar-and-his-new-yacht/|title=Living Large: Football star Neymar and his new yacht|publisher=Brazilian Bubble|date=8 April 2012|access-date=8 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410191425/http://brazilianbubble.com/living-large-football-star-neymar-and-his-new-yacht/|archive-date=10 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://setantabetblog.com/vettel-asks-fans-to-vote-for-neymar/|title=Vettel asks fans to vote for Neymar|publisher=Setanta Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.lancenet.com.br/santos/Claro-Neymar-fecha-contrato-publicitario_0_601739889.html |title= Com Claro, Neymar fecha nono contrato publicitário |publisher= Lance Net |date= 2 December 2011 |access-date= 2 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111205034418/http://www.lancenet.com.br/santos/Claro-Neymar-fecha-contrato-publicitario_0_601739889.html |archive-date= 5 December 2011 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> By 2018, ''France Football'' ranked Neymar the third highest paid footballer in the world, earning €81.5m ($95m) for a calendar year in combined income from salaries, bonuses and endorsements deals.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=23 April 2018|title=Lionel Messi devance largement Cristiano Ronaldo au classement des joueurs les mieux payés au monde|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Lionel-messi-devance-largement-cristiano-ronaldo-au-classement-des-joueurs-les-mieux-payes-au-monde/895372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120075640/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Lionel-messi-devance-largement-cristiano-ronaldo-au-classement-des-joueurs-les-mieux-payes-au-monde/895372|archive-date=20 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=France Football}}</ref> In 2019, ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked Neymar the [[Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes|world's third highest-paid athlete]] (after Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo) with earnings of $105 million for the calendar year.<ref name="Forbes"/><br />
<br />
On 8 May 2013, Neymar was rated by ''[[SportsPro]]'' magazine as the most marketable athlete in the world, ahead of Lionel Messi (2nd) and Cristiano Ronaldo (8th).<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable/neymar/| title= 50 Most Marketable 2013 – Neymar| publisher= [[SportsPro]]| date= 8 May 2013| url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130607155536/http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable/neymar| archive-date= 7 June 2013| df= dmy-all}}</ref> The same month, Neymar launched the [[Nike Hypervenom]] football boot.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 May 2013|title=New Nike Hypervenom boots launched by Neymar in Rio|url=https://www.t3.com/news/new-nike-hypervenom-boots-launched-by-barca-bound-neymar-in-rio|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807124916/https://www.t3.com/news/new-nike-hypervenom-boots-launched-by-barca-bound-neymar-in-rio|archive-date=7 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018|website=T3|language=en}}</ref> In November 2012 advertising agency Loducca, created Neymar's own personal brand logo,<ref name="brand">{{cite news |url= http://www.footballboots.co.uk/8033-njr-the-new-brand-for-neymar.html |title= NJR – New Brand Logo for Neymar |publisher= FootballBoots.co.uk |date= 28 November 2012 |access-date= 29 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130209190426/http://www.footballboots.co.uk/8033-njr-the-new-brand-for-neymar.html |archive-date= 9 February 2013 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> featuring the N, J and R (Neymar Junior) with the N styled to match Neymar's shirt number 11.<ref name="brand"/> Neymar starred in a 2014 advert for [[Beats Electronics|Beats]] with other global football stars including [[Thierry Henry]] and [[Luis Suárez]], with the theme of 'The Game Before The Game' and the players pre-game ritual of listening to music.<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/neymar-thierry-henry-and-luis-suarez-star-in-thrilling-new-world-cup-advert-9495497.html "Neymar, Thierry Henry and Luis Suarez star in thrilling new World Cup advert"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609025641/http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/neymar-thierry-henry-and-luis-suarez-star-in-thrilling-new-world-cup-advert-9495497.html |date=9 June 2014 }}. ''London Evening Standard''. Retrieved 5 September 2014</ref><br />
<br />
===Media===<br />
[[File:Neymar visiting Red Bull Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Neymar at the [[Red Bull Arena (New Jersey)|Red Bull Arena]] in [[Harrison, New Jersey]] during a match between [[New York Red Bulls]] and [[LA Galaxy]] in 2011]]<br />
<br />
Neymar was featured on the front covers of the video games ''[[Pro Evolution Soccer 2012]]'' and ''[[Pro Evolution Soccer 2013]]'' on the North American version, after [[Konami]] Digital Entertainment announced that he had joined Pro Evolution Soccer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newgamenetwork.com/news/3284/pes-2012-cover-adds-neymar-in-north-america/|title=PES 2012 cover adds Neymar in North America|publisher=new game network|date=9 September 2011|access-date=9 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004134415/http://www.newgamenetwork.com/news/3284/pes-2012-cover-adds-neymar-in-north-america/|archive-date=4 October 2011}}</ref> Neymar joined [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] as a featured cover athlete.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.onlyproevolutions.com/2011/09/neymar-joins-ronaldo-on-pes-2012-cover.html|title=Neymar Joins Ronaldo on PES 2012 US Cover|publisher=only pro evolutions|date=8 September 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|last=Harvey|first=Mike|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207211724/http://www.onlyproevolutions.com/2011/09/neymar-joins-ronaldo-on-pes-2012-cover.html|archive-date=7 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.givemefootball.com/premier-league/pro-evolution-soccer-release-new-demo|title=Pro Evolution Soccer release new demo|publisher=GMF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831064002/http://www.givemefootball.com/premier-league/pro-evolution-soccer-release-new-demo|archive-date=31 August 2012}}</ref> Neymar also features in [[EA Sports]]' [[FIFA (video game series)|''FIFA'' video game series]], with the trailer for ''[[FIFA 18]]'' showing him in his PSG home jersey.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 June 2018|title=How to Sign Neymar on FIFA 18 and the Earliest PSG Are Willing to Negotiate|work=Sports Illustrated|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2017/09/25/video-how-sign-neymar-fifa-18-and-earliest-psg-are-willing-negotiate|url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206160559/https://www.si.com/soccer/2017/09/25/video-how-sign-neymar-fifa-18-and-earliest-psg-are-willing-negotiate|archive-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> He appears alongside Cristiano Ronaldo on the Champions and Ultimate Edition packs for ''[[FIFA 19]]'', where Neymar's "Hang Loose" [[goal celebration]] also features in the game.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 June 2018|title=FIFA 19 to include Champions League, new commentators – full details, direct from the development team|work=Four Four Two|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fifa-19-include-champions-league-new-commentators-full-details-direct-development-team|url-status=live|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408103207/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fifa-19-include-champions-league-new-commentators-full-details-direct-development-team|archive-date=8 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 September 2018|title=UPDATED FIFA 19 new celebrations and tutorial, ft Cristiano Ronaldo, Paul Pogba and Neymar|agency=Talksport|url=https://talksport.com/football/418292/fifa-19-new-celebrations-cristiano-ronaldo-paul-pogba-neymar|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210133956/https://talksport.com/football/418292/fifa-19-new-celebrations-cristiano-ronaldo-paul-pogba-neymar/|archive-date=10 December 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neymar appeared on the cover of ''[[TIME (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine in February 2013, the first Brazilian athlete to do so. The issue included an article by [[Bobby Ghosh]] entitled "The Next Pelé" and subtitled "How the career of Brazilian football star Neymar explains his country's economy".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sports.terra.com/soccer/neymar-featured-on-cover-of-time-magazine,98333ee00defc310VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html |title=Neymar featured on cover of Time Magazine |work=Terra Sports |date=21 February 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522141422/http://sports.terra.com/soccer/neymar-featured-on-cover-of-time-magazine%2C98333ee00defc310VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Controversy erupted because of a cover by Brazilian football magazine ''[[Placar]]'' that depicted Neymar on a cross. The title read "A Crucificação de Neymar" (the Crucifixion of Neymar) and subtitled: "the Brazilian ace turns scapegoat in a sport where everyone plays dirty".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caughtoffside.com/2012/10/01/image-brazil-prodigy-neymar-depicted-as-christ-on-the-cross-for-football-magazine/ |author=Dan Kilpatrick |title=Brazil Prodigy Neymar Depicted As Christ on the Cross For Football Magazine |publisher=CaughtOffside.com |date=1 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206095524/http://www.caughtoffside.com/2012/10/01/image-brazil-prodigy-neymar-depicted-as-christ-on-the-cross-for-football-magazine/ |archive-date=6 December 2013 |access-date=8 July 2013 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2013, Brazilian cartoonist [[Mauricio de Sousa]] released a ''[[Monica's Gang]]'' comic book featuring a younger version of Neymar (called ''Neymar Jr.'') as the main character.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.3news.co.nz/VIDEO-Brazlils-Neymar-becomes-comic-book-character/tabid/415/articleID/294882/Default.aspx| work= 3 News NZ| title= Neymar now a comic book character| date= 19 April 2013| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131206142058/http://www.3news.co.nz/VIDEO-Brazlils-Neymar-becomes-comic-book-character/tabid/415/articleID/294882/Default.aspx| archive-date= 6 December 2013| df= dmy-all| access-date= 19 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2013, ''SportsPro'' magazine named Neymar as the most marketable athlete on the planet for the second consecutive year. He topped the list ahead of [[Lionel Messi]], [[Rory McIlroy]], [[Usain Bolt]] and Cristiano Ronaldo, among other sportspeople.<ref name="SportsPro">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable/neymar |title=Neymar tops list of most marketable athletes in the world |work=SportsPro Media |date=8 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607155536/http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable/neymar |archive-date=7 June 2013 }}</ref> The list measures the monetary value, the age, the force in domestic markets, the charisma and their market potential in the next three years.<ref name="SportsPro"/> In March 2015, Neymar had the fourth highest social media rank in the world among sportspeople, behind Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi and David Beckham, with 52 million Facebook fans.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cristiano Ronaldo overtakes Shakira as Facebook's most 'liked' person|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/cristiano-ronaldo-overtakes-shakira-as-facebook-s-most--liked-person-085815659-soccer.html?pt=1/|publisher=Yahoo.com|date=10 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075400/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/cristiano-ronaldo-overtakes-shakira-as-facebook-s-most--liked-person-085815659-soccer.html?pt=1%2F|archive-date=11 February 2017}}</ref><ref>[https://pt-br.facebook.com/neymarjr?rf=109286749090310 "Neymar Jr. – Atleta"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231535/https://pt-br.facebook.com/neymarjr?rf=109286749090310 |date=22 January 2016 }}. Facebook. Retrieved 8 October 2014</ref> He has [[List of most-followed Instagram accounts|over 150 million Instagram followers]], the third highest for a sportsperson (after Cristiano Ronaldo and Messi), and inside the top 10 most followed people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialblade.com/instagram/top/100/followers|title=Top 100 Instagram Users by Followers- Socialblade Instagram Stats – Instagram Statistics|work=Socialblade|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref> In [[ESPN]]'s list of active sportspeople in 2016, Neymar was ranked the fourth most famous athlete in the world.<ref name="ESPN 100">{{cite news|title=ESPN World Fame 100|url=http://espn.go.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/15685581/espn-world-fame-100|publisher=ESPN|date=3 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713040749/http://espn.go.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/15685581/espn-world-fame-100|archive-date=13 July 2016}}</ref> In April 2017, Neymar was included in the [[Time 100]], ''Time'' magazine's list of the most influential people in the world.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://nesn.com/2017/04/neymar-included-on-times-100-most-influential-people-david-beckham-explains-why/ |title=Neymar Belongs on Time's '100 Most Influential People'; David Beckham Explains Why |date=20 April 2017 |work=NESN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421020228/http://nesn.com/2017/04/neymar-included-on-times-100-most-influential-people-david-beckham-explains-why/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 }}</ref> In 2019, ESPN again ranked him the world's fourth most famous athlete.<ref>{{cite news|title=World Fame 100 – 2019|work=ESPN|url=http://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/26113613/espn-world-fame-100-2019|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104113759/http://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/26113613/espn-world-fame-100-2019|archive-date=4 January 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
To mark the [[2014 FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] commencing in Brazil, in June 2014, Neymar appeared with supermodel [[Gisele Bündchen]] on the front cover of [[Vogue (magazine)|''Vogue'']]'s Brazilian edition.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 December 2017|title=Neymar And Gisele Bündchen Are The 'Dream Team' For Vogue Brazil|agency=Huffington Post|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/neymar-gisele-bundchen_n_5406336?ri18n=true&guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADUcEwmO0cufddGXZZ5OmAuwNHtmtbd_js5IZNzkjoR1FQ6cKC9hc-C5Y0nG3PvVWmbqkrCUXGNBtaJ8lkgzpSzQRiwRmV34medpJh1mJPun6Igi8vvwwEy5ink8HaKlNAwPBHWX9yjFriLnEw9PgBstNixlfsrWgqsb83j3GYsk|url-status=live|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115153730/https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=2_cc-session_4a3f4092-2080-42bb-93e1-39e25d2ccec1|archive-date=15 January 2021}}</ref> In November 2014, Neymar appeared in FIFA's "11 against [[Ebola virus disease|Ebola]]" campaign with a selection of top football players from around the world, including Cristiano Ronaldo, [[Gareth Bale]], [[Xavi]] and [[Didier Drogba]].<ref name="Ebola">[https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/media/news/newsid=2475755/ "Top players, FIFA, CAF and health experts unite against Ebola"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330054259/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/media/news/newsid%3D2475755/ |date=30 March 2015 }}. FIFA. Retrieved 4 March 2015</ref> Under the slogan "Together, we can beat Ebola", FIFA's campaign was done in conjunction with the [[Confederation of African Football]] and health experts, with the players holding up eleven messages to raise awareness of the disease and ways to combat it.<ref name="Ebola"/><ref>[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/neymar-pique-and-xavi-in-fifa-campaign-against-ebola "Neymar, Piqué and Xavi in FIFA campaign against Ebola"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316194609/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/neymar-pique-and-xavi-in-fifa-campaign-against-ebola |date=16 March 2015 }}. FC Barcelona. Retrieved 4 March 2015</ref><br />
<br />
===Music===<br />
Neymar has become an icon in promoting Brazilian modern pop music, particularly [[Música sertaneja]]. The video in which Neymar dances in the [[Santos FC|Santos]] [[locker room]] dancing in front of teammates carrying his recorder making the round of the players and making them react to the tune of [[Michel Teló]]'s hit "[[Ai se eu te pego!]]" went [[viral video|viral]]. He made a point of performing his dance antics to the song after scoring goals in football games and appeared live with Teló in one of the latter's concerts. He also supported sertanejo singer [[Gusttavo Lima]] performing live with Lima on renditions of the singer's hits "[[Balada (song)|Balada]]" and "Fazer Beber". In 2012, he made cameo appearances in the [[music video]] for yet another sertanejo hit "[[Eu Quero Tchu, Eu Quero Tcha]]" by [[João Lucas & Marcelo]]. In 2013, Neymar appeared on a rap music video, "País do Futebol" by [[MC Guimê]].<ref>[http://www.foxsports.com.br/noticias/139820-parca-de-neymar-mc-guime-explica-sucesso-de-pais-do-futebol "'Parça’ de Neymar, MC Guimê explica sucesso de ‘País do Futebol’"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015338/http://www.foxsports.com.br/noticias/139820-parca-de-neymar-mc-guime-explica-sucesso-de-pais-do-futebol |date=24 September 2015 }}. Fox Sports. Retrieved 22 May 2014</ref><br />
<br />
===Television and films===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" | Note(s)<br />
! scope="col" | Type<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| ''(fdp)''<br />
| Encanador<br />
| —<br />
| TV series (TV)<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''Os Parças''<br />
| Himself<br />
| —<br />
| Full-length film (FL)<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[XXX: Return of Xander Cage]]''<br />
| Himself<br />
| —<br />
| FL<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[Money Heist]]''<br />
| Monje Joao<br />
| —<br />
| TV<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Career statistics==<br />
===Club===<br />
{{updated|match played 23 May 2021.}}<ref>{{Soccerway|neymar-da-silva-santos-junior/102697|accessdate=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.espn.com/football/player/_/id/132948/Neymar | title = Neymar Stats, News, Bio | publisher = ESPN | access-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131022213548/http://espnfc.com/player/_/id/132948/neymar?cc=3888 | archive-date = 22 October 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Club<br />
!rowspan="2"|Season<br />
!colspan="3"|League<br />
!colspan="2"|National Cup<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes [[Copa do Brasil]], [[Copa del Rey]] and [[Coupe de France]]</ref><br />
!colspan="2"|State League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes [[Campeonato Paulista]]</ref><br />
!colspan="2"|Continental<br />
!colspan="2"|Other<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6"|[[Santos FC|Santos]]<br />
|[[2009 Santos FC season|2009]]<br />
|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]<br />
|33||10||3||1||12||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||48||14<br />
|-<br />
|[[2010 Santos FC season|2010]]<br />
|Série A<br />
|31||17||8||11||19||14||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CS">Appearance(s) in [[Copa Sudamericana]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||60||42<br />
|-<br />
|[[2011 Santos FC season|2011]]<br />
|Série A<br />
|21||13||colspan="2"|—||11||4||13<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CL">Appearance(s) in [[Copa Libertadores]]</ref>||6||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CWC">Appearance(s) in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]</ref>||1||47||24<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Santos FC season|2012]]<br />
|Série A<br />
|17||14||colspan="2"|—||16||20||12<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CL"/>||8||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="RES">Appearance(s) in [[Recopa Sudamericana]]</ref>||1||47||43<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 Santos FC season|2013]]<br />
|Série A<br />
|1||0||4||1||18||12||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||23||13<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!102!!54!!15!!13!!75!!53!!27!!14!!4!!2!!225!!136<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]<br />
|[[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]]<br />
|[[La Liga]]<br />
|26||9||3||1||colspan="2"|—||10<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UCL">Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||4||2<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearance(s) in [[Supercopa de España]]</ref>||1||41||15<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15]]<br />
|La Liga<br />
|33||22||6||7||colspan="2"|—||12<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UCL" />||10||colspan="2"|—||51||39<br />
|-<br />
|[[2015–16 FC Barcelona season|2015–16]]<br />
|La Liga<br />
|34||24||5||4||colspan="2"|—||9<ref name="UCL" group="lower-alpha" />||3||1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CWC"></ref>||0||49||31<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016–17 FC Barcelona season|2016–17]]<br />
|La Liga<br />
|30||13||6||3||colspan="2"|—||9<ref name="UCL" group="lower-alpha" />||4||0||0||45||20<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!123!!68!!20!!15!!colspan="2"|—!!40!!21!!3!!1!!186!!105<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=5|[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]<br />
|[[2017–18 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2017–18]]<br />
|[[Ligue 1]]<br />
|20||19||1||2||colspan="2"|—||7<ref name="UCL" group="lower-alpha" />||6||2<ref name="CDLL" group="lower-alpha">Appearance(s) in [[Coupe de la Ligue]]</ref><br />
|1||30||28<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018–19 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2018–19]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|17||15||3||2||colspan="2"|—||6<ref name="UCL" group="lower-alpha" />||5||2<ref group="lower-alpha">One appearance and one goal in [[Coupe de la Ligue]], one appearance in [[Trophée des Champions]]</ref>||1||28||23<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019–20 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2019–20]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|15||13||2||2||colspan="2"|—||7<ref name="UCL" group="lower-alpha" />||3||3<ref name="CDLL" group="lower-alpha" />||1||27||19<br />
|-<br />
|[[2020–21 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2020–21]]<br />
|Ligue 1<br />
|18||9||3||1||colspan="2"|—||9<ref name="UCL" group="lower-alpha" />||6||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearance in [[Trophée des Champions]]</ref>||1||31||17<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!70!!56!!9!!7!!colspan="2"|—!!29!!20!!8!!4!!116!!87<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="3"|Career total<br />
!295!!178!!44!!35!!75!!53!!95!!56!!15!!7!!528!!329<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br />
<br />
===International===<br />
[[File:Brazil_and_Croatia_match_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup_2014-06-12_(19).jpg|thumb|320x320px|Neymar against Croatia at 2014 FIFA World Cup. He scored two goals in the match.]]<br />
{{see also|List of international goals scored by Neymar}}<br />
<br />
{{updated|10 July 2021}}<ref name="IntStatistics2">{{cite web | url = http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/39625/Neymar.html | title = Neymar | website = National Football Teams | access-date = 26 March 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141021141052/http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/39625/Neymar.html | archive-date = 21 October 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |National team!! rowspan="2" |Year!! colspan="2" |Competitive!! colspan="2" |Friendly!! colspan="2" |Total<br />
|-<br />
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="12"|[[Brazil national football team|Brazil]]<br />
|2010||0||0||2||1||2||1<br />
|-<br />
|2011||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2011 Copa América]]</ref>||2||9||5||13||7<br />
|-<br />
|2012||0||0||12||9||12||9<br />
|-<br />
|2013||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]]</ref>||4||14||6||19||10<br />
|-<br />
|2014||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2014 FIFA World Cup]]</ref>||4||9||11||14||15<br />
|-<br />
|2015||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Two appearances and one goal in [[2015 Copa América]], two appearances in [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||1||5||3||9||4<br />
|-<br />
|2016||6<ref name="WCQ2018" group="lower-alpha">Appearance(s) in [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||4||0||0||6||4<br />
|-<br />
|2017||6<ref name="WCQ2018" group="lower-alpha" />||2||2||1||8||3<br />
|-<br />
|2018||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2018 FIFA World Cup]]</ref>||2||8||5||13||7<br />
|-<br />
|2019||0||0||5||1||5||1<br />
|-<br />
|2020||2<ref name="WCQ2022" group="lower-alpha">Appearance(s) in [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||3||0||0||2||3<br />
|-<br />
|2021||8<ref group="lower-alpha">Six appearances and two goals in [[2021 Copa América]], two appearances and two goals in [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||4||0||0||8||4<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!45!!26!!66!!42!!111!!68<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
===Club===<br />
'''Santos'''<ref name="achievements"/><br />
*[[Campeonato Paulista]]: [[2010 Campeonato Paulista|2010]], [[2011 Campeonato Paulista|2011]], [[2012 Campeonato Paulista|2012]]<br />
*[[Copa do Brasil]]: [[2010 Copa do Brasil|2010]]<br />
*[[Copa Libertadores]]: [[2011 Copa Libertadores|2011]]<br />
*[[Recopa Sudamericana]]: [[2012 Recopa Sudamericana|2012]]<br />
<br />
'''Barcelona'''<ref name="achievements"/><br />
<!-- Before adding the 2016 Supercopa title to Neymar's honours list, please discuss on the Talk Page --><br />
*[[La Liga]]: [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]]<br />
*[[Copa del Rey]]: [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]]<br />
*[[Supercopa de España]]: [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]]<br />
*[[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]]<br />
*[[FIFA Club World Cup]]: [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]]<br />
<br />
'''Paris Saint-Germain'''<br />
*[[Ligue 1]]: [[2017–18 Ligue 1|2017–18]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 April 2018|title=PSG wrap up Ligue 1 title with Monaco win &#124; Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-my/news/psg-clinch-ligue-1-title-by-thrashing-monaco/1ty70ovdroka415jkim9oc0zsj|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114200332/https://www.goal.com/en-my|archive-date=14 November 2020|access-date=15 April 2018|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> [[2018–19 Ligue 1|2018–19]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/psg-champions-as-lille-held-at-toulouse.htm|title=PSG Champions as Lille held at Toulouse|date=21 April 2019|access-date=21 April 2019|website=www.ligue1.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626220236/https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/psg-champions-as-lille-held-at-toulouse.htm|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[2019–20 Ligue 1|2019–20]]<br />
*[[Coupe de France]]: [[2017–18 Coupe de France|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite news|date=8 May 2018|title=Paris Saint-Germain set record with fourth straight Coupe De France crown|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/amp/news/paris-saint-germain-set-record-with-fourth-straight-coupe-de/1ubb1rik0lw6b1pwatka3l5nh6|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214105509/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/amp/news/paris-saint-germain-set-record-with-fourth-straight-coupe-de/1ubb1rik0lw6b1pwatka3l5nh6|archive-date=14 December 2020|access-date=8 May 2018|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> [[2019–20 Coupe de France|2019–20]],<ref name="CDF 2020">{{cite news|date=24 July 2020|title=PSG edge ASSE for Coupe de France win!|url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/07/25/psg-edge-asse-for-coupe-de-france-win|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103014938/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/07/25/psg-edge-asse-for-coupe-de-france-win|archive-date=3 November 2020|access-date=25 July 2020|website=ligue1.com}}</ref> [[2020–21 Coupe de France|2020–21]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Kylian Mbappé stars as PSG beat Monaco in Coupe de France final|url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2021/05/19/kylian-mbappe-stars-as-psg-beat-monaco-in-coupe-de-france-final|website=ligue1.com|date=19 May 2021|access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref><br />
*[[Coupe de la Ligue]]: [[2017–18 Coupe de la Ligue|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite web|date=31 March 2018|title=Mbappé stars as PSG beat Monaco to lift cup|url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/01/26/mbappe-stars-as-psg-beat-monaco-to-lift-cup|access-date=15 January 2021|publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> [[2019–20 Coupe de la Ligue|2019–20]]<ref name="BBC Sport"/><br />
*[[Trophée des Champions]]: [[2018 Trophée des Champions|2018]],<ref>{{cite web|date=4 August 2018|title=PSG thrash Monaco to win French Super Cup as Neymar plays 15 minutes|url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=511012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327164018/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=511012|archive-date=27 March 2020|access-date=4 August 2018|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> [[2020 Trophée des Champions|2020]]<ref>{{cite web|date=13 January 2021|title=Neymar and Icardi fire Pochettino to first title|url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/MATCH-REPORTS/2021/01/13/neymar-and-icardi-fire-pochettino-to-first-title|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115123105/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/MATCH-REPORTS/2021/01/13/neymar-and-icardi-fire-pochettino-to-first-title|archive-date=15 January 2021|access-date=13 January 2021|website=www.ligue1.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
===International===<br />
'''Brazil U20'''<ref name="achievements"/><br />
* [[South American Youth Football Championship|South American Youth Championship]]: [[2011 South American U-20 Championship|2011]]<br />
<br />
'''Brazil U23'''<br />
* [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]: [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2016]]; runner-up: [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2012]]<br />
<br />
'''Brazil'''<br />
* [[FIFA Confederations Cup]]: [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013]]<ref name="Brazil 3–0 Spain"/><br />
<br />
===Individual===<br />
[[File:Neymargoldenball.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Neymar with the Golden Ball award for best player at the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013 Confederations Cup]]]]<br />
<br />
'''Awards'''<br />
* [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year]]: [[2010 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2010]], [[2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2011]], [[2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2012]]<ref>{{cite web|date=6 December 2010|title=Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão|url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/temporeal/cobertura/livre/06-12-2010/premio-craque-do-brasileirao/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110073731/http://globoesporte.globo.com/temporeal/cobertura/livre/06-12-2010/premio-craque-do-brasileirao/|archive-date=10 November 2020|access-date=19 May 2009|publisher=Globo Esporte|language=pt}}</ref><ref name="prêmiocraquedobrasileirão2011">{{cite web |title=Os eleitos do Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão! |url=http://www.lanceactivo.com.br/www-lanceactivo-com-br-a-beira-do-campo/Blog/os-eleitos-do-premio-craque-do-brasileirao-/81551 |date=6 December 2011 |access-date=24 December 2011 |publisher=[[Lance!]] |language=pt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426071425/http://www.lanceactivo.com.br/www-lanceactivo-com-br-a-beira-do-campo/Blog/os-eleitos-do-premio-craque-do-brasileirao-/81551 |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Conheça os grandes vencedores do futebol brasileiro |trans-title=Meet the big winners of Brazilian football |url=http://www.cbf.com.br/Not%C3%ADcias/2012/11/23/Conhe%C3%A7a%20os%20grandes%20vencedores%20do%20futebol%20brasileiro |date=23 November 2012 |access-date=23 November 2012 |publisher=CBF |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130141048/http://www.cbf.com.br/Not%C3%ADcias/2012/11/23/Conhe%C3%A7a%20os%20grandes%20vencedores%20do%20futebol%20brasileiro |archive-date=30 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* [[Chuteira de Ouro]]: 2010, 2011, 2012<br />
* [[Bola de Prata (Brazil)|Bola de Prata]]: 2010, 2011<br />
* [[Bola de Ouro]]: [[Bola de Ouro#2011|2011]]<br />
* [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Best Player]]: [[2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2011]]<ref name="prêmiocraquedobrasileirão2011" /><br />
* [[World Soccer (magazine)|''World Soccer'' Young Player of the Year]]: [[World Soccer (magazine)#Young Player of the Year|2011]]<br />
* [[Copa Libertadores]] Most Valuable Player: [[2011 Copa Libertadores|2011]]<br />
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]] [[FIFA Club World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Bronze Ball]]: [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2011]]<br />
* [[South American Footballer of the Year]]: [[2011 South American Footballer of the Year|2011]], [[2012 South American Footballer of the Year|2012]]<br />
* [[FIFA Puskás Award]]: [[FIFA Puskás Award#2011|2011]]<br />
* [[Bola de Ouro]] Hors Concours: [[Bola de Ouro#2012|2012]]<br />
* [[FIFA Confederations Cup records and statistics#Awards|FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Ball]]: [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup#Awards|2013]]<br />
* [[FIFA Confederations Cup records and statistics#Awards|FIFA Confederations Cup Bronze Shoe]]: [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup#Awards|2013]]<br />
* [[FIFA Confederations Cup records and statistics#Awards|FIFA Confederations Cup Dream Team]]: [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup#Awards|2013]]<br />
* [[FIFA World Cup Bronze Boot]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Boot|2014]]<br />
* [[FIFA World Cup Dream Team]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup awards#Dream Team|2014]]<br />
* [[Samba Gold]]: 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/67568_neymar_wins_his_first_samba_gold.html |title=Neymar wins his first Samba Gold |website=Sambafoot |date=31 December 2014 |access-date=10 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924094358/http://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/67568_neymar_wins_his_first_samba_gold.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar wins the Samba Gold Award for the fourth time|url=https://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/neymar-wins-the-samba-gold-award-for-the-fourth-time|date=7 May 2021|access-date=7 May 2021|website=Sambafoot}}</ref><br />
* [[UEFA Champions League]] Squad of the Season: [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2014–15]],<ref>{{cite news |title=UEFA Champions League squad of the season |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2255077.html |publisher=UEFA |date=9 June 2015 |access-date=9 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html#uefa+champions+league+squad+season |archive-date=11 June 2015 }}</ref> [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2019–20]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 August 2020|title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season|publisher=UEFA|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0260-103d6b6179e6-7a1932c7a58c-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season|url-status=live|access-date=28 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114125542/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0260-103d6b6179e6-7a1932c7a58c-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season/|archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> [[2020–21 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2020–21]]<ref>{{cite news |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0269-12688c451cdd-b6efcb4ce948-1000--champions-league-all-star-squad/ |publisher=UEFA |date=31 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref><br />
* [[La Liga Best World Player]]: [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]]<ref>{{cite journal|date=30 November 2015|title=Messi beats Ronaldo to top prize at La Liga awards|url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/messi-beats-ronaldo-top-prize-la-liga-awards|journal=Four Four Two|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401183940/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/messi-beats-ronaldo-top-prize-la-liga-awards|archive-date=1 April 2019|access-date=8 March 2016}}</ref><br />
* [[La Liga Player of the Month]]: November 2015<ref name="lpotm november">[http://www.laliga.es/en/news/neymar-named-liga-bbva-player-of-the-month-for-november Neymar named Liga BBVA Player of the Month for November] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912234658/http://www.laliga.es/en/news/neymar-named-liga-bbva-player-of-the-month-for-november |date=12 September 2017 }}; LFP.es 8 December 2015</ref><br />
*[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] Ligue 1 [[Ligue 1 Player of the Year|Player of the Year]]: 2017–18<ref>{{cite news|title=Trophées UNFP : Neymar, Mbappé... Découvrez le palmarès 2018|publisher=RTL|url=http://www.rtl.fr/sport/football/trophees-unfp-neymar-mbappe-decouvrez-le-palmares-2018-7793373391|url-status=live|access-date=14 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106095424/https://www.rtl.fr/sport/football/trophees-unfp-neymar-mbappe-decouvrez-le-palmares-2018-7793373391|archive-date=6 January 2021}}</ref><br />
*[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] Ligue 1 [[Trophées UNFP du football#Team of the Year|Team of the Year]]: [[Trophées UNFP du football#2018|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Trophées UNFP : Neymar élu joueur de Ligue 1, Le PSG rafle tout ou presque|url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/actualites/la-ceremonie-des-trophees-unfp-en-direct-908921|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213021701/https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/actualites/la-ceremonie-des-trophees-unfp-en-direct-908921|archive-date=13 December 2020}}</ref> [[Trophées UNFP du football#2019|2018–19]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/mbappe-wins-awards-double.htm|title=Mbappé Wins Awards Double|website=www.ligue1.com|date=19 May 2019|access-date=19 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525011547/https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/mbappe-wins-awards-double.htm|archive-date=25 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Trophées UNFP du football#2021|2020–21]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Trophées UNFP : cinq Parisiens, deux Lillois et deux Lyonnais dans l'équipe type |trans-title=Trophées UNFP : five Parisiens, two Lillois and two Lyonnais in the typical team |url=https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/fil-info/trophees-unfp-cinq-parisiens-deux-lillois-et-deux-lyonnais-dans-l-equipe-type-1045019 |access-date=24 May 2021 |website=Le Figaro |date=24 May 2021 |language=fr}}</ref><br />
*[[UNFP Player of the Month|UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Month]]: December 2017,<ref name="UNFPPOTM">{{cite web|date=23 January 2018|title=Neymar et Cristisn Lopez, joueurs du mois de Décembre !|url=http://www.unfp.org/2018/01/neymar-jr-et-cristian-lopez-joueurs-du-mois-de-decembre/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722095644/https://www.unfp.org/2018/01/neymar-jr-et-cristian-lopez-joueurs-du-mois-de-decembre/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=25 January 2018|publisher=UNFP|language=fr}}</ref> January 2020<ref>{{cite web|date=20 February 2020|title=Neymar Jr, jouer du mois de Janvier !|url=https://www.unfp.org/2020/02/neymar-jr-joueur-du-mois-de-janvier/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031104640/https://www.unfp.org/2020/02/neymar-jr-joueur-du-mois-de-janvier/|archive-date=31 October 2020|access-date=21 February 2020|publisher=UNFP|language=fr}}</ref><br />
* [[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2015|2015]],<ref>{{cite news|date=8 January 2016|title=Team of the Year 2015|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2322451.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616091057/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d809ae6dd3b-3da0ae473003-1000--uefa-com-users-team-of-the-year-2015/?autoplay=true&referrer=%2fuefachampionsleague%2fnews%2fnewsid%3d2322451|archive-date=16 June 2020|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2020|2020]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/mediaservices/mediareleases/news/0265-1160a803540f-283794ce2b95-1000--uefa-com-fans-teams-of-the-year-2020-announced/ |title=UEFA.com fans' Team of the Year 2020 revealed |publisher=UEFA |date=20 January 2021 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref><br />
* [[FIFPro#FIFA FIFPro Men's World11|FIFA FIFPro World11]]: [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2015]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 January 2016|title=2015 FIFA FIFPro World XI revealed|url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/2015-fifa-fifpro-world-xi-revealed-2754606|access-date=15 January 2021|website=FIFA.com}}</ref> [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017#FIFA FIFPro World11|2017]]<ref>{{cite web|date=24 October 2017|title=HISTORY - THE FIFA FIFPRO WORLD 11 OF 2017|url=https://www.fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/history-the-fifa-fifpro-world-11-of-2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207161004/https://fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/history-the-fifa-fifpro-world-11-of-2017|archive-date=7 December 2020|access-date=15 January 2021|website=FIFPRO}}</ref><br />
* FIFA FIFPro World11 2nd team: [[2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2013]], [[2014 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2014]], [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2016|2016]], [[The Best FIFA Football Awards|2018]]<ref>{{cite web|date=15 January 2014|title=FifPro announces reserve Teams of the Year – but Luis Suarez and Arjen Robben won't be laughing while Iker Casillas is somehow named the second best goalkeeper of 2013|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/fifpro-announces-reserve-teams-of-the-year-but-luis-suarez-and-arjen-robben-wont-be-laughing-while-9062047.html#gallery|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009001616/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news/fifpro-announces-reserve-teams-year-luis-suarez-and-arjen-robben-won-t-be-laughing-while-iker-casillas-somehow-named-second-best-goalkeeper-2013-9062047.html|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2017|work=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-world-xi-the-reserve-teams/en/ |title=FIFA FIFPro World XI: the reserve teams – FIFPro World Players' Union |publisher=FIFPro.org |date=15 January 2015 |access-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414193942/https://fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-world-xi-the-reserve-teams/en/ |archive-date=14 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/2016-world-11-the-reserve-teams/en/ |title=2016 World 11: the reserve teams – FIFPro World Players' Union |publisher=FIFPro.org |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409090134/https://fifpro.org/news/2016-world-11-the-reserve-teams/en/ |archive-date=9 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/world-11-the-reserve-teams-for-2017-18/en/|title=World 11: The Reserve Team for 2017–18|publisher=FIFPro.org|date=24 September 2018|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626220246/https://fifpro.org/news/world-11-the-reserve-teams-for-2017-18/en/|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* FIFA FIFPro World11 nominee: 2019 (6th forward),<ref>{{cite web|date=23 September 2019|title=Rankings: How All 55 Male Players Finished|url=https://fifpro.org/news/rankings-how-all-55-male-players-finished/en/|website=FIFPro World Players' Union}}</ref> 2020 (6th forward)<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2020|title=THE FIFA FIFPRO MEN'S WORLD 11 OF 2019-2020|url=https://fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/the-fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-of-2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109190507/https://fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/the-fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-of-2020|archive-date=9 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021|website=FIFPRO}}</ref><br />
* [[IFFHS World's Best Playmaker]] Bronze award: 2017<ref>{{cite web|date=7 December 2017|title=THE WORLD'S BEST PLAYMAKER 2017 : ONE MORE FOR LIONEL MESSI|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/482|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115130234/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/482|archive-date=15 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021|publisher=IFFHS}}</ref><br />
* [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#IFFHS Men's World Team|IFFHS Men's World Team]]: 2017<ref>{{cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=THE IFFHS MEN WORLD TEAM 2017|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/480|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115130546/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/480|archive-date=15 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021|publisher=IFFHS}}</ref><br />
* [[IFFHS|IFFHS World's Best Man Player of the Decade 2011–2020]]: 4th place<ref>{{Cite web|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/954|access-date=13 February 2021|website=IFFHS}}</ref><br />
* [[European Sports Magazines#ESM Team of the Year|ESM Team of the Year]]: [[European Sports Magazines#2017–18|2017–18]]<ref name="AZ2018">{{cite work |title=ESM Top-Elf: Ein Bayern-Star in Europas Elite |work=Abendzeitung |language=ko |url=http://cafe.daum.net/ASMONACOFC/gAUc/1268375 |access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref><br />
* [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#IFFHS CONMEBOL Man Team of the Decade 2011–2020|IFFHS CONMEBOL Team of the Decade]]: 2011–2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/921 |title=IFFHS MAN TEAM - CONMEBOL - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020 |work=IFFHS |date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><br />
* [[Copa América]] Team of the Tournament: [[2021 Copa América#Team of the Tournament|2021]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://copaamerica.com/es/noticias/equipo-ideal-get-conmebol-copa-america-2021/ |website=Copa América |date=13 July 2021 |title=Uno por uno, el equipo ideal de la CONMEBOL Copa América 2021 elegido por el GET |access-date=13 July 2021 |language=es}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Performances'''<br />
* [[Copa do Brasil]] top scorer: [[2010 Copa do Brasil|2010]]<br />
* [[South American Youth Football Championship|South American Youth Championship]] top scorer: [[South American Youth Championship#Goalscorers|2011]]<br />
* [[Campeonato Paulista]] top scorer: [[2012 Campeonato Paulista#Top goalscorers|2012]]<br />
* [[Copa Libertadores]] top scorer: [[2012 Copa Libertadores#Top goalscorers|2012]] <sup>(tied with [[Matías Alustiza]])</sup><br />
* [[Copa Libertadores]] 2nd top assist provider: [[2012 Copa Libertadores#Top goalscorers|2012]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Copa Libertadores 2012 » Assists|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/assists/copa-libertadores-2012/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610001845/https://www.worldfootball.net/assists/copa-libertadores-2012/|archive-date=10 June 2020|access-date=15 January 2021|website=World Football}}</ref><br />
* [[Copa del Rey]] top scorer: [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Copa del Rey Top Scorer: 2014–15|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/goalgetter/esp-copa-del-rey-2014-2015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126190602/https://www.worldfootball.net/goalgetter/esp-copa-del-rey-2014-2015/|archive-date=26 November 2020|access-date=24 May 2016|publisher=World Football}}</ref><br />
* [[UEFA Champions League]] top scorer: [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League#Top goalscorers|2014–15]] <sup>(tied with [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] and [[Lionel Messi]])</sup><br />
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]] top assist provider: [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Club World Cup 2015 » Assists|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/assists/klub-wm-2015/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115131840/https://www.worldfootball.net/assists/klub-wm-2015/|archive-date=15 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021|website=World Football}}</ref><br />
* [[UEFA Champions League]] top assist provider: [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|2016–17]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Champions League 2016/2017 " Assists|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/assists/champions-league-2016-2017/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805142321/https://www.worldfootball.net/assists/champions-league-2016-2017/|archive-date=5 August 2020|access-date=25 October 2017|publisher=WorldFootball}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Association football|Brazil}}<br />
*[[List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps]]<br />
*[[List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals]]<br />
*[[List of most expensive association football transfers]]<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|pt}}<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180618003006/https://en.psg.fr/effectif/neymar-jr Neymar] at Paris Saint-Germain F.C.<br />
*{{BDFutbol}}<br />
*{{Soccerbase}}<br />
*{{Soccerway}}<br />
*{{NFT player}}<br />
*{{FIFA player}}<br />
*{{UEFA player}}<br />
*{{LFP}}<br />
*{{ESPN FC}}<br />
<br />
{{Paris Saint-Germain F.C. squad}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
| title = Brazil squads<br />
| bg = #FFDF00<br />
| fg = #008000<br />
| bordercolor = blue<br />
| list1 = <br />
{{Brazil squad 2011 Copa América}}<br />
{{Brazil men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}<br />
{{Brazil squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}}<br />
{{Brazil squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}<br />
{{Brazil squad 2015 Copa América}}<br />
{{Brazil men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics}}<br />
{{Brazil squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}}<br />
{{Brazil squad 2021 Copa América}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
| title = Awards<br />
| bg = gold<br />
| fg = navy<br />
| list1 = <br />
{{2014 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{2021 Copa América Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{FIFA Confederations Cup awards}}<br />
{{South American Youth Football Championship awards}}<br />
{{2015 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2020 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2010 South American Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2011 South American Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2012 South American Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2013 South American Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2010 Bola de Prata}}<br />
{{2011 Bola de Prata}}<br />
{{2010 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2017–18 Ligue 1 UNFP Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2018–19 Ligue 1 UNFP Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2020–21 Ligue 1 UNFP Team of the Year}}<br />
{{South American Footballer of the Year}}<br />
{{Bola de Ouro}}<br />
{{Craque do Brasileirão}}<br />
{{Ligue 1 Player of the Year}}<br />
{{UEFA Champions League top scorers}}<br />
{{Copa Libertadores top scorers}}<br />
{{Copa del Rey top scorers}}<br />
{{Copa do Brasil top scorers}}<br />
{{Campeonato Paulista top scorers}}<br />
{{Copa Santander Libertadores MVP Award}}<br />
{{FIFA Puskás Award winners}}<br />
{{Samba Gold}}<br />
{{Chuteira de Ouro}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Neymar}}<br />
[[Category:Neymar]]<br />
[[Category:1992 births]]<br />
[[Category:2011 Copa América players]]<br />
[[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:2015 Copa América players]]<br />
[[Category:2018 FIFA World Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:2021 Copa América players]]<br />
[[Category:African-Brazilian sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Association football forwards]]<br />
[[Category:Association football wingers]]<br />
[[Category:Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos) players]]<br />
[[Category:Brazil international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Brazil under-20 international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Brazil youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Brazilian Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Brazilian expatriate footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in France]]<br />
[[Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain]]<br />
[[Category:Brazilian footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Brazilian people of European descent]]<br />
[[Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in France]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Spain]]<br />
[[Category:FC Barcelona players]]<br />
[[Category:FIFA Century Club]]<br />
[[Category:FIFA Confederations Cup-winning players]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:La Liga players]]<br />
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic footballers of Brazil]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Brazil]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic medalists in football]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for Brazil]]<br />
[[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mogi das Cruzes]]<br />
[[Category:Santos FC players]]<br />
[[Category:South American Youth Championship players]]<br />
[[Category:UEFA Champions League winning players]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Messi&diff=138523Lionel Messi2021-08-19T06:09:36Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Argentine association football player}} {{redirect|Messi}}{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{use British English|date=September 2019}} {{use dm..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Argentine association football player}}<br />
{{redirect|Messi}}{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}<br />
{{pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{use British English|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{good article}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Lionel Messi<br />
| image = Lionel Messi 20180626.jpg<br />
| caption = Messi with [[Argentina National Football Team|Argentina]] at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]]<br />
| fullname = Lionel Andrés Messi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=FIFA World Cup Russia 2018: List of Players: Argentina |work=FIFA |page=1 |date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611000407/https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=11 June 2019}}</ref><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|6|24|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia: List of players: Argentina |work=FIFA |page=1 |date=15 July 2018 |access-date=13 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619164139/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=19 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Rosario, Santa Fe]], Argentina<br />
| height = 1.69 m<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lionel Messi|url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/effectif/lionel-messi|access-date=2021-08-16|website=PSG.FR|language=fr}}</ref><br />
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | clubnumber = 30<br />
| youthyears1 = 1992–1995 | youthclubs1 = Grandoli<br />
| youthyears2 = 1995–2000 | youthclubs2 = [[Newell's Old Boys]]<br />
| youthyears3 = 2000–2003 | youthclubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]<br />
| years1 = 2003–2004 | clubs1 = [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 5<br />
| years2 = 2004–2005 | clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] | caps2 = 22 | goals2 = 6<br />
| years3 = 2004–2021 | clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps3 = 520 | goals3 = 474<br />
| years4 = 2021– | clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps4 = 0 | goals4 = 0<br />
| nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentina national under-20 football team|Argentina U20]] | nationalcaps1 = 18 | nationalgoals1 = 14<br />
| nationalyears2 = 2008 | nationalteam2 = [[Argentina national under-23 football team|Argentina U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 2<br />
| nationalyears3 = 2005– | nationalteam3 = [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] | nationalcaps3 = 151 | nationalgoals3 = [[List of international goals scored by Lionel Messi|76]]<br />
| club-update = 23:37, 5 August 2021 (UTC)<br />
| nationalteam-update = 10 July 2021<br />
| medaltemplates = <!--MENTION HOST NATIONS FOR TEAM SPORTS-->{{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{fb|ARG}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|RU|[[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014 Brazil]]|}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Winner|[[2021 Copa América|2021 Brazil]]|}}<br />
{{Medal|RU|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|}}<br />
{{Medal|RU|[[2015 Copa América|2015 Chile]]|}}<br />
{{Medal|RU|[[Copa América Centenario|2016 United States]]|}}<br />
{{Medal|3rd|[[2019 Copa América|2019 Brazil]]|}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics#Men's tournament|Olympic Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing]]|[[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|U-23 Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Winner|[[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 Netherlands]]|[[Argentina national under-20 football team|U-20 Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[South American Youth Football Championship|South American U-20 Championship]]}}<br />
{{Medal|3rd|[[2005 South American U-20 Championship|2005 Colombia]]|}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Lionel Messi series}}<br />
<br />
'''Lionel Andrés Messi'''{{refn|group=note|According to FCBarcelona.com, and his authorised biography, ''Messi'' by [[Guillem Balagué]], his surname is the single "Messi", in accordance with Argentine customs.<ref name="BarcaProfile">{{cite web |title=Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi |publisher=FC Barcelona |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi |access-date=8 September 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=32–37}} Other sources, including a 2014 document by [[FIFA]], give his surname as the double "Messi Cuccittini".<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: List of Players |publisher=FIFA |date=10 June 2014 |page=2 |url=http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/36/33/44/fwc_2014_squadlists_neutral.pdf |access-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> After winning a libel case in 2017, Messi's own management company stated: "The football player Lionel Andres Messi Cuccittini has donated a total of €72,783.20 to the organisation [[Doctors Without Borders]]."<ref>{{cite news |last=Marsden |first=Sam |url=http://www.espn.in/football/barcelona/story/3255615/lionel-messi-donates-70k-to-charity-after-winning-libel-case-against-newspaper |title=Messi donates to charity after libel case win |publisher=ESPN |date=2 November 2017|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref>}} ({{IPA-es|ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi|-|Lionel Andrés Messi - Name.ogg}}; born 24 June 1987), also known as '''Leo Messi''', is an Argentine professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Ligue 1]] club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] and [[Captain (association football)|captains]] the [[Argentina national football team|Argentina national team]]. Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as<!-- based on consensus on the talk page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Cristiano_Ronaldo/Archive_14#Final_Resolution,_I'm_the_original_writer:_%22Often_considered_the_best_player_in_the_world_and_regarded_by_many_as_the_greatest_of_all_time%22); don't change. --> one of the greatest players of all time, Messi has won a record six [[Ballon d'Or]] awards,{{refn|group=note|In addition to four FIFA Ballons d'Or, Messi received ''[[France Football]]''{{'}}s [[Ballon d'Or]] and [[FIFA]]'s [[FIFA World Player of the Year|World Player of the Year award]] in 2009 prior to their incorporation; both organisations credited him with five (FIFA) Ballons d'Or.<ref>{{cite web |first=Rémy |last=Lacombe |title=Messi, le Cinquième Élément |magazine=France Football |date=11 January 2016 |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/news/messi-le-cinquieme-element/623615 |access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Messi, Lloyd, Luis Enrique and Ellis Triumph at FIFA Ballon d'Or 2015 |publisher=FIFA |date=11 January 2016 |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2016/m=1/news=messi-lloyd-luis-enrique-and-ellis-triumph-at-fifa-ballon-d-or-2015-2754944.html |access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref> In 2019, he received a sixth [[2019 Ballon d'Or|Ballon d'Or]] and won the [[The Best FIFA Men's Player|Best FIFA Men's Player]].}} a record six [[European Golden Shoe]]s, and in 2020 was named to the [[Ballon d'Or Dream Team#First Team|Ballon d'Or Dream Team]]. Until leaving the club in 2021, he had spent his entire professional career with [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]], where he won a [[List of FC Barcelona records and statistics|club-record]] 35 trophies, including ten [[La Liga]] titles, seven [[Copa del Rey]] titles and four [[UEFA Champions League]]s. A prolific goalscorer and creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for [[List of La Liga top scorers#All-time top scorers|most goals in La Liga]] (474), [[List of La Liga top scorers#Top scorers by season|a La Liga]] and European league season (50), [[List of La Liga hat-tricks|most hat-tricks in La Liga]] (36) and the [[List of UEFA Champions League hat-tricks|UEFA Champions League]] (8), and most [[Assist (association football)|assists]] in La Liga (192), a [[List of La Liga top scorers#Top scorers by season|La Liga]] season (21) and the [[Copa América]] (17). He has scored over [[List of footballers with 500 or more goals|750 senior career goals]] for club and country, and has the most goals ever by a player for a single club.<br />
<br />
Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi relocated to Spain to join Barcelona at age 13, for whom he made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004. He established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years, and in his first uninterrupted season in [[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]] he helped Barcelona achieve the first [[Treble (association football)|treble]] in Spanish football; that year, aged 22, Messi won his first [[2009 Ballon d'Or|Ballon d'Or]]. Three successful seasons followed, with Messi winning four consecutive Ballons d'Or, making him the first player to win the award four times and in a row.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi makes it four FIFA Ballon d'Or wins in a row |url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=1910623.html |work=UEFA |date=7 January 2013 |access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> During the [[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12 season]], he set the La Liga and European records for most goals scored in a single season, while establishing himself as [[List of FC Barcelona records and statistics#Top goalscorers|Barcelona's all-time top scorer]]. The following two seasons, Messi finished second for the [[Ballon d'Or]] behind [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] (his perceived [[Messi–Ronaldo rivalry|career rival]]), before regaining his best form during the [[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15 campaign]], becoming the all-time top scorer in La Liga and leading Barcelona to a historic second treble, after which he was awarded a fifth Ballon d'Or in [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2015]]. Messi assumed captaincy of Barcelona in 2018, and in 2019 he won a record [[2019 Ballon d'Or|sixth Ballon d'Or]].<br />
<br />
An Argentine international, Messi is both his country's [[Argentina national football team#Most capped players|highest appearance-maker]] and their [[Argentina national football team#Top goalscorers|all-time leading goalscorer]]. At youth level, he won the [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship]], finishing the tournament with both the [[FIFA U-20 World Cup#Awards|Golden Ball and Golden Shoe]], and an [[Olympic medal|Olympic gold medal]] at the [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Summer Olympics]]. His style of play as a diminutive, left-footed [[Dribbling#Association football|dribbler]] drew comparisons with his compatriot [[Diego Maradona]], who described Messi as his [[New Maradona|successor]]. After his senior debut in August 2005, Messi became the youngest Argentine to play and score in a [[FIFA World Cup]] in [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]], and reached the final of the [[2007 Copa América]], where he was named young player of the tournament. As the squad's captain from August 2011, he led Argentina to three consecutive finals: the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]], for which he won the [[FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Golden Ball]], and the [[2015 Copa América|2015]] and [[Copa América Centenario|2016 Copa América]], winning the [[2015 Copa América#Awards|Golden Ball]] in the 2015 edition. After announcing his international retirement in 2016, he reversed his decision and led his country to qualification for the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]], a third-place finish at the [[2019 Copa América]], and won the [[2021 Copa América]], while winning the [[2021 Copa América#Awards|Golden Ball]] and [[Copa América records and statistics|Golden Boot]] award for the latter. <br />
<br />
Messi has endorsed sportswear company [[Adidas]] since 2006. According to ''[[France Football]]'', he was the world's highest-paid footballer for five years out of six between 2009 and 2014, and was ranked the [[Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes|world's highest-paid athlete]] by ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2019. Messi was among [[Time 100|''Time'']]'s [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] in 2011 and 2012. In February 2020, he was awarded the [[Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year|Laureus World Sportsman of the Year]], thus becoming the first footballer and the first team sport athlete to win the award. Later that year, Messi became the second footballer (and second team-sport athlete) to surpass $1 billion in career earnings.<br />
{{TOClimit|4}}<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
<br />
Messi was born on 24 June 1987 in [[Rosario, Santa Fe]],'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi {{!}} Ficha del jugador 20/21 {{!}} Delantero |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/futbol/primer-equipo/jugadores/4974/lionel-messi|access-date=1 June 2021|work=FC Barcelona|language=es}}</ref>''' the third of four children of Jorge Messi, a steel factory manager, and his wife Celia Cuccittini, who worked in a magnet manufacturing workshop. On his father's side, he is of Italian and Spanish descent, the great-grandson of immigrants from the northcentral [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] [[Marche]] region of [[Italy]] and [[Catalonia]], and on his mother's side, he has primarily Italian ancestry.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=32–37}}<ref>{{Citation|title=Lionel Messi rare interview (17 years old) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OkPFgFbCO0|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> Growing up in a tight-knit, football-loving family, "Leo" developed a passion for the sport from an early age, playing constantly with his older brothers, Rodrigo and Matías, and his cousins, [[Maxi Biancucchi|Maximiliano]] and [[Emanuel Biancucchi]], both of whom became professional footballers.{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=9–10}} At the age of four he joined local club Grandoli, where he was coached by his father, though his earliest influence as a player came from his maternal grandmother, Celia, who accompanied him to training and matches.<ref name="MagicFeet">{{cite news |first=John |last=Carlin |title=Lionel Messi: Magic in His Feet |newspaper=The Independent |date=27 March 2010 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/lionel-messi-magic-in-his-feet-1928768.html |access-date=18 July 2015 |archive-date=5 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705210947/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/lionel-messi-magic-in-his-feet-1928768.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was greatly affected by her death, shortly before his eleventh birthday; since then, as a devout Catholic, he has celebrated his goals by looking up and pointing to the sky in tribute to his grandmother.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=44–45}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Maume |title=Lionel Messi: The World at His Feet |newspaper=The Independent |date=11 July 2014 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/lionel-messi-the-world-at-his-feet-9601215.html |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{quote box|width=25%|align=right|quote="When you saw him you would think: this kid can't play ball. He's a dwarf, he's too fragile, too small. But immediately you'd realise that he was born different, that he was a phenomenon and that he was going to be something impressive."|source=– [[Newell's Old Boys]] youth coach [[Adrián Coria]] shares his first impression of the 12-year-old Messi.{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=38}}}}<br />
A lifelong supporter of [[Newell's Old Boys]], Messi joined the Rosario club when he was six years old. During the six years he played for Newell's, he scored almost 500 goals as a member of "The Machine of '87", the near-unbeatable youth side named for the year of their birth, and regularly entertained crowds by performing ball tricks during half-time of the first team's home games.<ref name="Here">{{cite web |first=Wright |last=Thompson |title=Here and Gone: The Strange Relationship between Lionel Messi and His Hometown in Argentina |work=ESPN |date=22 October 2012 |url=http://www.espn.com/espn/eticket/story?page=Lionel-Messi |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=31–35}} However, his future as a professional player was threatened when, at age 10, he was diagnosed with a [[growth hormone deficiency]]. As his father's health insurance covered only two years of [[growth hormone treatment]], which cost at least [[Argentine peso|$]]1,000 per month, Newell's agreed to contribute, but later reneged on their promise.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Jérôme |last1=Cazadieu |first2=Alexandre |last2=Juillard |first3=Frédéric |last3=Traïni |title=Leo Messi: La Légende d'El Enano |trans-title=Leo Messi: The Legend of El Enano |newspaper=L'Équipe via Irish Independent |date=15 November 2008 |url=http://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/rosario-the-old-coach-and-the-kid-26496103.html |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> He was scouted by Buenos Aires club [[Club Atlético River Plate|River Plate]], whose [[playmaker]], [[Pablo Aimar]], he idolised, but they were also unable to pay for his treatment due to [[1998–2002 Argentine great depression|Argentina's economic collapse]].<ref name="Mission">{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Hawkey |title=Lionel Messi on a Mission |newspaper=The Times {{subscription required}} |date=20 April 2008 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article3779961.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830020412/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article3779961.ece |archive-date=30 August 2008 |url-status=live |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Aimar">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Wilson |title=Pablo Aimar: The Argentinian Wizard Admired by Maradona and Messi |newspaper=The Guardian |date=16 July 2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/jul/16/pablo-aimar-next-diego-maradona-argentina-retired-age-35-valencia |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> His goalscoring idol growing up was [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]], with Messi calling him "the best forward I've ever seen".<ref>{{cite news |title=Messi: Brazil striker Ronaldo my hero |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/messi-brazil-striker-ronaldo-my-hero |access-date=8 September 2018 |work=FourFourTwo}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:La Masia (Can Planas) (Barcelona) - 1.jpg|thumb|left|Messi enrolled at Barcelona's youth academy, [[La Masia]], at age 13.]]<br />
As the Messi family had relatives in Catalonia, they sought to arrange a trial with [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] in September 2000. First team director [[Carles Rexach|Charly Rexach]] immediately wanted to sign him, but the board of directors hesitated; at the time it was highly unusual for European clubs to sign foreign players of such a young age. On 14 December, an ultimatum was issued for Barcelona to prove their commitment, and Rexach, with no other paper at hand, offered a contract on a paper napkin.<ref name="Mission"/><ref name="Serviette">{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=Lionel Messi: How Argentinian Teenager Signed for Barcelona on a Serviette |newspaper=The Guardian |date=15 October 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/oct/15/lionel-messi-barcelona-decade |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> In February 2001, the family relocated to Barcelona, where they moved into an apartment near the club's stadium, [[Camp Nou]]. During his first year in Spain, Messi rarely played with the ''Infantiles'' due to a transfer conflict with Newell's; as a foreigner, he could only be fielded in friendlies and the Catalan league. Without football, he struggled to integrate into the team; already reserved by nature, he was so quiet that his teammates initially believed he was mute. At home, he suffered from homesickness after his mother moved back to Rosario with his brothers and little sister, María Sol, while he stayed in Barcelona with his father.<ref name="Here"/><ref name="Serviette"/><ref name="BoyGenius">{{cite news |first=Jeré |last=Longman |title=Lionel Messi: Boy Genius |newspaper=The New York Times |date=21 May 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/sports/soccer/lionel-messi-boy-genius.html |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
After a year at Barcelona's youth academy, [[La Masia]], Messi was finally enrolled in the [[Royal Spanish Football Federation]] (RFEF) in February 2002. Now playing in all competitions, he befriended his teammates, among whom were [[Cesc Fàbregas]] and [[Gerard Piqué]].{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=61–62}} After completing his growth hormone treatment aged 14,{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=149}} Messi became an integral part of the "Baby Dream Team", Barcelona's greatest-ever youth side. During his first full season (2002–03), he was top scorer with 36 goals in 30 games for the ''Cadetes'' A, who won an unprecedented treble of the league and both the Spanish and Catalan cups.{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=61–62}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Pete |last=Jenson |title=Fàbregas, Messi, Piqué: Class of 2002 |newspaper=The Independent |date=27 March 2010 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/fabregas-messi-pique-class-of-2002-1928682.html |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> The Copa Catalunya final, a 4–1 victory over [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], became known in club lore as the ''partido de la máscara'', the final of the mask. A week after suffering a broken cheekbone during a league match, Messi was allowed to start the game on the condition that he wear a plastic protector; soon hindered by the mask, he took it off and scored two goals in 10 minutes before his substitution.{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=44–45}} At the close of the season, he received an offer to join [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], his first from a foreign club, but while Fàbregas and Piqué soon left for England, he chose to remain in Barcelona.<ref name="Serviette"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi Could Have Joined Arsenal as a Teenager, Says Arsène Wenger |newspaper=The Guardian |date=21 November 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/nov/21/arsenal-arsene-wenger-lionel-messi-barcelona |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Messiah">{{cite web |title=The New Messiah |publisher=FIFA |date=5 March 2006 |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/japan2006/news/newsid=103182/index.html |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Club career ==<br />
=== Barcelona ===<br />
==== 2003–2005: Rise to the first team ====<br />
{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="It seemed as if he had been playing with us all his life."|source=– Barcelona's then assistant coach [[Henk ten Cate]] on Messi's first-team debut.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dermot |last=Corrigan |title=The best quotes about Lionel Messi's 10 years at Barcelona |newspaper=ESPN FC |date=16 October 2014 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2089807/the-best-quotes-about-lionel-messis-10-years-at-barcelona}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
During the [[2003–04 FC Barcelona season|2003–04 season]], his fourth with Barcelona, Messi rapidly progressed through the club's ranks, debuting for a record five youth teams in a single campaign.<ref>{{cite news |title=All time stats for Messi in the Barça youth teams |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/1692969/all-time-stats-for-messi-in-the-bara-youth-teams |access-date=23 September 2020 |work=FC Barcelona}}</ref> After being named player of the tournament in four international pre-season competitions with the ''Juveniles'' B, he played only one official match with the team before being promoted to the ''[[FC Barcelona (youth)#Juvenil A|Juveniles A]]'', where he scored 18 goals in 11 league games.{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=68–71}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Liviu |last=Bird |title=Ex-Teammate, La Masia Coach Recall Lionel Messi's Early Days, Persona |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=5 June 2015 |url=https://www.si.com/planet-futbol/2015/06/04/lionel-messi-champions-league-final-barcelona |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> Messi was then one of several youth players called up to strengthen a depleted first team during the international break. French winger [[Ludovic Giuly]] explained how a teenage Leo caught the eye in a training session with [[Frank Rijkaard]]'s first team: "He destroyed us all... They were kicking him all over the place to avoid being ridiculed by this kid, he just got up and kept on playing. He would dribble past four players and score a goal. Even the team's starting centre-backs were nervous. He was an alien."<ref>{{cite web |title=Giuly remembers the first time he saw Messi 'kill' his team-mates |work=Sport |url=http://www.sport-english.com/en/news/barca/giuly-remembers-the-first-time-saw-messi-kill-his-team-mates-5378823 |date=14 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
At 16 years, four months, and 23 days old, Messi made his first team debut when he came on in the 75th minute during a friendly against [[José Mourinho]]'s [[FC Porto|Porto]] on 16 November 2003.<ref name="Serviette"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Dermot |last=Corrigan |title=Messi Reflects on Debut 10 Years On |publisher=ESPN FC |date=15 November 2013 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-divisi%C3%B3n/story/1616845/lionel-messi-reflects-on-dream-barcelona-debut |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> His performance, creating two chances and a shot on goal, impressed the technical staff, and he subsequently began training daily with the club's reserve side, [[Barcelona B]], as well as weekly with the first team.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=191–193}} After his first training session with the senior squad, Barça's new star player, [[Ronaldinho]], told his teammates that he believed the 16-year-old would become an even better player than himself.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=246–249}} Ronaldinho soon befriended Messi, whom he called "little brother", which greatly eased his transition into the first team.{{sfn|Hunter|2012|p=53}}<ref name="LastJump">{{cite news |first=Rafael |last=Carbonell |title=El Último Salto de la 'Pulga' |trans-title=The Last Jump of the 'Flea' |newspaper=El País |date=26 October 2004 |language=es |url=http://elpais.com/diario/2004/10/26/deportes/1098741604_850215.html |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Leo messi barce 2005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Messi playing against [[Málaga CF|Málaga]] in October 2005]]<br />
<br />
To gain further match experience, Messi joined [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] in addition to the ''Juveniles'' A, playing his first game for the third team on 29 November. He helped save them from the relegation zone of the [[Tercera División]], scoring five goals in ten games, including a hat-trick in eight minutes during a [[2003–04 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] match while man-marked by [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]]'s [[Sergio Ramos]].{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=68–71}}{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=183–185}} His progress was reflected in his first professional contract, signed on 4 February 2004, which lasted until 2012 and contained an initial [[buyout clause]] of €30&nbsp;million. A month later, on 6 March, he made his debut for Barcelona B in the [[Segunda División B]], and his buyout clause automatically increased to €80&nbsp;million.{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=68–71}}{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=262–263}} He played five games with the B team that season but did not score.<ref name="Matches 2003–04">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2003–04 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2003-04 |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> Physically he was weaker than his opponents, who were often much older and taller, and in training he worked on increasing his muscle mass and overall strength in order to be able to shake off defenders. Towards the end of the season, he returned to both youth teams, helping the ''Juveniles'' B win the league. He finished the campaign having scored for four of his five teams with a total of 36 goals in all official competitions.{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=68–71}}{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=183–185}}<br />
<br />
During the [[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05 season]], Messi was a guaranteed starter for the B team, playing 17 games throughout the campaign and scoring on six occasions.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=246–249}}<ref name="Matches 2004–05">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2004–05 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2004-05 |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> Since his debut the previous November, he had not been called up to the first team again, but in October 2004, the senior players asked manager Frank Rijkaard to promote him.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=246–249}} Since Ronaldinho already played on the left wing, Rijkaard moved Messi from his usual position onto the right flank (though initially against the player's wishes), allowing him to cut into the centre of the pitch and shoot with his dominant left foot.{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=35–36}}<ref name="FTMag">{{cite web |first=Ronald |last=Reng |title=Lionel Messi |magazine=FT Magazine |date=27 May 2011 |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/cfa0d296-8672-11e0-9d5c-00144feabdc0.html |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> Messi made his league debut during the next match on 16 October, against [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], coming on in the 82nd minute.<ref name="Serviette"/> At 17 years, three months, and 22 days old, he was at the time the youngest player to represent Barcelona in an official competition.<ref name="LastJump"/> As a substitute player, he played 77 minutes in nine matches for the first team that season, including his debut in the [[2004–05 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]] against [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]].<ref name="Matches 2004–05" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Andy |last=Mitten |title=Who Knew on His 2004 Debut That Lionel Messi Would Go so Far at Barcelona |newspaper=The National |date=16 October 2014 |url=http://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/who-knew-on-his-2004-debut-that-lionel-messi-would-go-so-far-at-barcelona |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> He scored his first senior goal on 1 May 2005, against [[Albacete Balompié|Albacete]], from an assist by Ronaldinho, becoming – at that time – the youngest-ever scorer for the club.{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=35–36}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Williams |title=Messi Has All the Qualities to Take World by Storm |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 February 2006 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/feb/24/championsleague1 |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> Barcelona, in their second season under Rijkaard, [[2004–05 La Liga|won the league]] for the first time in six years.<ref name="MessiDriven">{{cite web |first=Graham |last=Hunter |title=Messi, Iniesta and Xavi Driven to Join the Champions League Elite |publisher=ESPN FC |date=4 June 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2479062/messi-iniesta-xavi-can-join-champions-league-greats |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2005–2008: Becoming a starting eleven player ====<br />
{{quote box|width=33%|align=right|quote="In my entire life I have never seen a player of such quality and personality at such a young age, particularly wearing the 'heavy' shirt of one of the world's great clubs."|source=– [[Fabio Capello]] praises the 18-year-old Messi following the [[Joan Gamper trophy]] in August 2005.{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=264–265}}}}<br />
<br />
On 24 June, his 18th birthday, Messi signed his first contract as a senior team player. It made him a Barcelona player until 2010, two years less than his previous contract, but his buyout clause increased to €150&nbsp;million.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=262–263}} His breakthrough came two months later, on 24 August, during the [[Joan Gamper Trophy]], Barcelona's pre-season competition. A starter for the first time, he gave a well-received performance against [[Fabio Capello]]'s [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]], receiving an ovation from the [[Camp Nou]].{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=264–265}} While Capello requested to loan Messi, a bid to buy him came from [[Inter Milan]], who were willing to pay his €150&nbsp;million buyout clause and triple his wages.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=Joan Laporta: 'Barcelona has been kidnapped. It's hostage to lies and it's sad' |newspaper=The Guardian |date=16 June 2017 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/jun/16/joan-laporta-barcelona-board-resign-pep-guardiola-lionel-messi |access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref> According to then-president [[Joan Laporta]], it was the only time the club faced a real risk of losing Messi, but he ultimately decided to stay.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=272–276}} On 16 September, his contract was updated for the second time in three months and extended to 2014.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=262–263}}<ref name="Starlet">{{cite web |title=Starlet Messi Stays at Barça until 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC |date=17 September 2005 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/342857 |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Lionel Messi Barca training.jpg|thumb|Messi during a training session with Barcelona in August 2006]]<br />
<br />
Due to issues regarding his legal status in the [[Royal Spanish Football Federation]], Messi missed the start of [[2005–06 La Liga|La Liga]], but on 26 September, he acquired [[Spanish nationality law|Spanish citizenship]] and became eligible to play.<ref name="Starlet"/>{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=91}} Wearing the number 19 shirt, he gradually established himself as the first-choice right winger, forming an attacking trio with Ronaldinho and striker [[Samuel Eto'o]].<ref name="Messiah"/>{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=266–269}}<ref name="MessiRonaldinho">{{cite web |title=Messi Has Ronaldinho's Number |publisher=FIFA |date=4 August 2008 |url=https://www.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/837/571/index.html |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref> He was in the starting line-up in major matches like his first ''[[El Clásico|Clásico]]'' against rivals [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] on 19 November, as well as Barcelona's away victory over [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] in the [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League knockout stage#Chelsea v Barcelona|last 16 round]] of the [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]],{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=279–284}}{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=266–269}} which came on back of an intense period of rivalry between the clubs leading a resentful Messi to state, "We would rather play Arsenal, Manchester United or anyone else than be on the pitch with Chelsea."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angry Messi: We hate Chelsea |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/2368373/angry-messi-we-hate-chelsea |archive-url=https://archive.is/L609d |archive-date=5 Aug 2021 |work=Sky Sports |last=Stanton |first=Chris |date=2006}}</ref> After he had scored 8 goals in 25 games, including his first in the Champions League,<ref name="Matches 2005–06">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2005–06 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2005-06 |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref> in a 5–0 win over [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]] on 2 November 2005,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/video/0250-0c510c8330fd-3d48707e49f6-1000--messi-s-first-uefa-champions-league-goal/ |title=Messi's first UEFA Champions League goal |work=UEFA |date=2 November 2015}}</ref> his season ended prematurely during the return leg against Chelsea on 7 March 2006, when he suffered a torn hamstring. Messi worked to regain fitness in time for the Champions League [[2006 UEFA Champions League Final|final]], but on 17 May, the day of the final, he was eventually ruled out. He was so disappointed that he did not celebrate his team's victory over [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in [[Paris]], something he later came to regret.<ref name="MessiDriven" />{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=266–269}}<br />
<br />
While Barcelona began a gradual decline, the 19-year-old Messi established himself as one of the best players in the world during the [[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07 campaign]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ingla: Rijkaard to Blame for Barça Decline |publisher=ESPN FC |date=19 May 2008 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/536834/rijkaard-to-blame-for-barca-decline-ingla |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="NotBest">{{cite web |title=Messi: I'm Not the Best |publisher=FIFA |date=31 May 2007 |url=https://www.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/529/475/index.html |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> Already an idol to the ''[[Supporters of FC Barcelona|culés]]'', the club's supporters, he scored 17 goals in 36 games across all competitions.<ref name="NotBest"/><ref name="Matches 2006–07">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2006–07 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2006-07 |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> However, he continued to be plagued by major injuries; a metatarsal fracture sustained on 12 November 2006 kept him out of action for three months.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Needs Surgery on Broken Foot |publisher=CNN |date=13 November 2006 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SPORT/football/11/13/spain.messi/index.html |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="ClosingIn">{{cite web |first=Graham |last=Hunter |title=Messi Closing in on Remarkable Record |publisher=ESPN FC |date=19 October 2011 |url=http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/columnist/hunter_graham/id/7117763/lionel-messi-closing-barcelona-all-time-scoring-record-graham-hunter-soccer |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> He recovered in time for the [[2006–07 UEFA Champions League knockout stage#First knockout round|last 16 round]] of the [[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] against [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], but was effectively marked out of the game; Barcelona, the reigning champions, were out of the competition.{{sfn|Tomkins|2007|pp=130–132}} [[2006–07 La Liga|In the league]], his goal contribution increased towards the end of the season; 11 of his 14 goals came from the last 13 games.<ref name="Matches 2006–07"/> On 10 March 2007, he scored his first hat-trick in a ''Clásico'', the first player to do so in 12 years, equalising after each goal by Real Madrid to end the match in a 3–3 draw in injury time.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=There's Something about Messi |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 March 2007 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2007/mar/12/europeanfootball.sport1 |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> His growing importance to the club was reflected in a new contract, signed that month, which greatly increased his wages.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=302}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Lionel Messi goal 19abr2007.jpg|thumb|left|Messi making his [[Argentina v England (1986 FIFA World Cup)#The Goal of the Century|Maradona-esque]] run against [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] in April 2007]]<br />
<br />
Already frequently compared to compatriot [[Diego Maradona]], Messi proved their similarity when he nearly replicated Maradona's two most famous goals in the span of seven weeks.<ref name="Maradona">{{cite news |first=Christopher |last=Davies |title=Maradona Hails His Successor |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 February 2006 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2332685/Maradona-hails-his-successor.html |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> During a [[2006–07 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] [[2006–07 Copa del Rey#Semi-finals|semi-final]] against [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] on 18 April, he scored a goal remarkably similar to Maradona's second goal in the quarter-finals of the [[1986 FIFA World Cup]], known as the [[Argentina v England (1986 FIFA World Cup)#The Goal of the Century|Goal of the Century]]. Messi collected the ball on the right side near the halfway line, ran {{convert|60|m|yard}}, and beat five defenders before scoring with an angled finish, just as Maradona had done.<ref name="Mission"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=The Greatest Goal Ever? |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=20 April 2007 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/2311407/The-greatest-goal-ever.html |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> A league match against Espanyol on 9 June saw him score by launching himself at the ball and guiding it past the goalkeeper with his hand in similar fashion to Maradona's [[Argentina v England (1986 FIFA World Cup)#"Hand of God" goal|Hand of God goal]] in the same World Cup match.<ref>{{cite news |first=Andy |last=Mitten |title=Hand of Messi Saves Barcelona |newspaper=The Times {{subscription required}} |date=10 June 2007 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article1910271.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013021540/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article1910271.ece |archive-date=13 October 2008 |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> As Messi continued his individual rise, Barcelona faltered; the team failed to reach the [[2007 Copa del Rey Final|Copa del Rey final]] after Messi was rested during the second leg against Getafe and lost the league to Real Madrid on head-to-head results.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dónde Está Messi? Ahora Dónde Está Messi? |trans-title=Where Is Messi? Where Is Messi Now? |newspaper=El Mundo |date=11 May 2007 |language=es |url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2007/05/10/futbol/1178831803.html |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Beckham bows out with Liga title |work=BBC Sport |date=17 June 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/6759697.stm |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
After Ronaldinho lost form, Messi became Barça's new star player at only 20 years old, receiving the nickname "[[Messiah]]" from the Spanish media.<ref name="Mission"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=Ronaldinho Misses Barcelona's Big Night Out |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 September 2007 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2007/sep/24/europeanfootball.barcelona |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Carlin |title=Nou Sensation |newspaper=The Guardian |date=3 February 2008 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/feb/03/newsstory.barcelona |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> His efforts in 2007 also earned him award recognition; journalists voted him the third-best player of the year for the [[2007 Ballon d'Or]], behind [[Kaká]] and runner-up [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], while international managers and national team captains voted him [[2007 FIFA World Player of the Year|second]] for the [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] award, again behind Kaká.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=519–524}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaka Named FIFA World Player of the Year |publisher=ESPN FC |date=17 December 2007 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/491815/kaka-named-fifa-world-player-of-the-year |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> Although he managed to score 16 goals during the [[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08 campaign]],<ref name="Matches 2007–08">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2007–08 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2007-08 |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> the second half of his season was again marred by injuries after he suffered a torn hamstring on 15 December.<ref name="Sidelined">{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Bright |title=Lionel Messi Sidelined for Six Weeks |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=6 March 2008 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/2293647/Lionel-Messi-sidelined-for-six-weeks.html |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> He returned to score twice in their away victory against [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] in the [[2007–08 UEFA Champions League knockout stage#First knockout round|last 16 round]] of the [[2007–08 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]], becoming the competition's top scorer at that point with six goals,<ref>{{cite web |first=Alex |last=O'Henley |title=Two for Messi as Barça See off Celtic |publisher=UEFA |date=21 February 2008 |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2008/matches/round=15106/match=301887/postmatch/report/index.html |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> but reinjured himself during the return leg on 4 March 2008. Rijkaard had fielded him despite warning from the medical staff, leading captain [[Carles Puyol]] to criticise the Spanish media for pressuring Messi to play every match.<ref name="Sidelined"/> Barcelona finished the season without trophies, eliminated in the [[2007–08 UEFA Champions League knockout stage#Semi-finals|Champions League semi-finals]] by the eventual [[2008 UEFA Champions League Final|champions]], [[Manchester United]], and [[2007–08 La Liga|placed third in the league]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ronaldinho Cleared for Barça Exit |work=BBC Sport |date=19 May 2008 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7408605.stm |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2008–09: First treble ====<br />
After two unsuccessful seasons, Barcelona were in need of an overhaul, leading to the departure of Rijkaard and Ronaldinho. Upon the latter's departure, Messi was given the [[Squad number (association football)|number 10]] shirt.<ref name="MessiRonaldinho"/> He signed a new contract in July with an annual salary of €7.8&nbsp;million, becoming the club's highest-paid player.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=472}}<ref name="Reluctant">{{cite news |first=Keyvan Antonio |last=Heydari |title=Messi: Amazing Talent in a Reluctant Star |newspaper=The New York Times |date=26 May 2009 |url=http://goal.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/messi-amazing-talent-in-a-reluctant-star/?_r=0 |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> Ahead of the new season, a major concern remained his frequent muscular injuries, which had left him side-lined for a total of eight months between 2006 and 2008. To combat the problem, the club implemented new training, nutrition, and lifestyle regimens, and assigned him a personal physiotherapist, who would travel with him during call-ups for the [[Argentina national football team|Argentina national team]]. As a result, Messi remained virtually injury-free during the next four years, allowing him to reach his full potential.<ref name="ClosingIn"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=Barnett |title=Lionel Messi: A Rare Talent |newspaper=The Independent |date=1 December 2009 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/lionel-messi-a-rare-talent-1831871.html |access-date=24 July 2015 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329161932/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/lionel-messi-a-rare-talent-1831871.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Despite his injuries early in the year, his performances in 2008 saw him again voted runner-up for the [[2008 Ballon d'Or|Ballon d'Or]] and the [[2008 FIFA World Player of the Year#Results|FIFA World Player of the Year]] award, both times behind Cristiano Ronaldo.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=519–524}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Jamie |last=Jackson |title=Ronaldo Adds Fifa World Player of the Year to List of Accolades |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 January 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/jan/12/manchesterunited-ronaldo |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:039 men at work UEFA 2009, Rome.jpg|thumb|Messi aiming to shoot during the [[2009 UEFA Champions League Final|Champions League final]] against [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in May 2009]]<br />
<br />
In his first uninterrupted campaign, the [[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09 season]], he scored 38 goals in 51 games, contributing alongside Eto'o and winger [[Thierry Henry]] to a total of 100 goals in all competitions, a record at the time for the club.<ref name="Matches 2008–09">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2008–09 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2008-09 |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Lee |last=Roden |title=Are Messi, Suarez and Neymar Barcelona's Best-Ever Front Three? |publisher=ESPN |date=20 April 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2408047/barcelona-trio-of-lionel-messi-neymar-and-luis-suarez-the-clubs-best-ever |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> During his first season under Barcelona's new manager, former captain [[Pep Guardiola]], Messi played mainly on the right wing, like he had under Rijkaard, though this time as a false winger with the freedom to cut inside and roam the centre. During the ''Clásico'' on 2 May 2009, however, he played for the first time as a [[Forward (association football)#False 9|false nine]], positioned as a centre-forward but dropping deep into midfield to link up with [[Xavi]] and [[Andrés Iniesta]]. He set up his side's first goal and scored twice to end the match in an emphatic 6–2 victory, the team's greatest-ever score at Real Madrid's [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]].{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=453–459}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Real Madrid v Barcelona: Six of the Best 'El Clásicos' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=9 December 2011 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/la-liga/8946213/Real-Madrid-v-Barcelona-six-of-the-best-El-Clasicos.html |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> Returning to the wing, he played his first final since breaking into the first team on 13 May, scoring once and assisting a second goal as Barcelona defeated [[Athletic Bilbao]] [[2009 Copa del Rey Final|4–1]] to win the [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Barcelona Defeat Athletic Bilbao to Win Copa del Rey |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=14 May 2009 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/5321324/Barcelona-defeat-Athletic-Bilbao-to-win-Copa-del-Rey.html |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> With 23 league goals from Messi that season, Barcelona became [[2008–09 La Liga|La Liga champions]] three days later and achieved its fifth [[Double (association football)|double]].<ref name="Matches 2008–09" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Barcelona's Title Celebrations Marred by Violence |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=17 May 2009 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/5338604/Barcelonas-title-celebrations-marred-by-violence.html |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
As the season's [[List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League top scorers#Top scorers by seasons|Champions League top scorer]] with nine goals, the youngest in the tournament's history,<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Sweeps up Goalscoring Honours |publisher=UEFA |date=28 May 2009 |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=833286.html |access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref> Messi scored two goals and assisted two more to ensure a 4–0 [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Quarter-finals|quarter-final]] victory over [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]].{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=453–459}} He returned as a false nine during the [[2009 UEFA Champions League Final|final]] on 27 May in [[Rome]] against Manchester United. Barcelona were crowned champions of Europe by winning the match 2–0, the second goal coming from a Messi header over goalkeeper [[Edwin van der Sar]]. Barcelona thus achieved the first [[Treble (association football)|treble]] in the history of Spanish football.<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Barcelona 2–0 Man Utd |work=BBC Sport |date=27 May 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8060878.stm |access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref> This success was reflected in a new contract, signed on 18 September, which committed Messi to the club through 2016 with a new buyout clause of €250&nbsp;million, while his salary increased to €12&nbsp;million.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=472}}<br />
<br />
==== 2009–10: First Ballon d'Or ====<br />
His team's prosperity continued into the [[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|second half of 2009]], as Barcelona became the first club to achieve the sextuple, winning six top-tier trophies in a single year.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Adams |title=The Treble Club |publisher=ESPN FC |date=21 May 2010 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/788735/the-treble-club-previous-winners |access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref> After victories in the [[2009 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]] and [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]] in August, Barcelona won the [[2009 FIFA Club World Cup|FIFA Club World Cup]] against [[Estudiantes de La Plata]] on 19 December, with Messi scoring the winning 2–1 goal with his chest.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barcelona Beat Estudiantes to Win the Club World Cup |work=BBC Sport |date=19 December 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8422908.stm |access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref> At 22 years old, Messi won the [[2009 Ballon d'Or|Ballon d'Or]] and the [[2009 FIFA World Player of the Year|FIFA World Player of the Year]] award, both times by the greatest voting margin in each trophy's history.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=519–524}}<br />
<br />
{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="Messi is the best player in the world by some distance. He's like a PlayStation. He can take advantage of every mistake we make."|source=– [[Arsène Wenger]] commends Messi for his four-goal display against [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in April 2010.<ref>{{cite news |first=Keith |last=Stuart |title=Is the Real Lionel Messi Better than the Virtual One? |newspaper=The Guardian |date=7 April 2010 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/apr/07/lionel-messi |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
The new year, however, started on a less positive note for Barcelona, as they were knocked out of the [[2009–10 Copa del Rey#Round_of_16|Copa del Rey]] by [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] in the Round of 16.<ref>{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Wilson |title=Barcelona knocked out of the Copa del Rey by Sevilla |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=14 January 2010 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/6986429/Barcelona-knocked-out-of-the-Copa-del-Rey-by-Sevilla.html |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> Unsatisfied with his position on the right wing – with the club's summer acquisition [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]] occupying the central forward role – Messi resumed playing as a false nine in early 2010, beginning with a [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|last 16-round]] match against [[VfB Stuttgart]]. After a first-leg draw, Barcelona won the second leg 4–0 with two goals and an assist from Messi. At that point, he effectively became the tactical focal point of Guardiola's team, and his goalscoring rate increased.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=476–478}} Messi scored a total of 47 goals in all competitions [[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|that season]], equaling [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]]'s club record from the [[1996–97 FC Barcelona season|1996–97 campaign]].<ref name="Matches 2009–10">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2009–10 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2009-10 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Deserve">{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=La Liga Title the Least Barcelona Deserve as Madrid Again Finish Empty Handed |newspaper=The Guardian |date=17 May 2010 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/may/17/la-liga-title-barcelona-madrid |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> He scored all of his side's four goals in the [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Quarter-finals|Champions League quarter-final]] against [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] on 6 April while becoming Barcelona's all-time top scorer in the competition.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title='Mythical, Universal, the Lord's Anointed One' – Spain Hails Leo Messi |newspaper=The Guardian |date=7 April 2010 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/apr/07/lionel-messi-spanish-press-reaction |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Although Barcelona were eliminated in the [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Semi-finals|Champions League semi-finals]] by the eventual champions, [[Inter Milan]], Messi finished the season as top scorer (with 8 goals) for the second consecutive year.<ref>{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Haslam |title=Messi Takes Scoring Plaudits |publisher=UEFA |date=22 May 2010 |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1490400.html |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> As the league's top scorer with 34 goals (again tying Ronaldo's record), he helped Barcelona win a [[2009–10 La Liga|second consecutive La Liga]] trophy with only a single defeat and earned his first [[European Golden Shoe]].<ref name="Deserve"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Joseph |last=Wilson |title=Messi Receives Golden Boot for Top European Scorer |newspaper=U-T San Diego |date=30 September 2010 |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2010/sep/30/messi-receives-golden-boot-for-top-european-scorer/ |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2010–11: Fifth La Liga title and third Champions League ====<br />
Messi secured Barcelona's first trophy of the [[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11 campaign]], the [[2010 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], by scoring a hat-trick in his side's second-leg 4–0 victory over Sevilla, after a first-leg defeat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magic Messi Wins Supercopa for Barça |publisher=ESPN FC |date=21 August 2010 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/816500/magic-lionel-messi-wins-supercopa-for-barca |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> Assuming a playmaking role, he was again instrumental in a ''Clásico'' on 29 November 2010, the first with José Mourinho in charge of Real Madrid, as Barcelona defeated their rivals 5–0.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=David Villa Strikes Twice as Slick Barcelona Thrash Real Madrid |newspaper=The Guardian |date=29 November 2010 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/nov/29/barcelona-real-madrid-la-liga |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Messi helped the team achieve 16 consecutive league victories, a record in Spanish football, concluding with another hat-trick against [[Atlético Madrid]] on 5 February 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi Stars as Barcelona Seal Record League Win |work=BBC Sport |date=6 February 2011 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/9388847.stm |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Most Consecutive Wins in the Top Division of Spanish football (Soccer) |work=Guinness World Records |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-consecutive-wins-in-the-top-division-of-spanish-football-(soccer) |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> His club performances in 2010 [[2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or#Winners and nominees|earned him]] the inaugural [[FIFA Ballon d'Or]], an amalgamation of the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award, though his win was met with some criticism due to his lack of success with Argentina at the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]].{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=519–524}}<ref name="BestPlayer">{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=Lionel Messi Is the World's Best Player but Xavi Deserved FIFA's Award |newspaper=The Guardian |date=11 January 2011 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2011/jan/11/lionel-messi-xavi-ballon-dor |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Under the award's old format, he would have placed just outside the top three, owing his win to the votes from the international coaches and captains.<ref name="BestPlayer"/><br />
<br />
Towards the end of the season, Barcelona played four ''[[El Clásico|Clásicos]]'' in the span of 18 days. A league match on 16 April ended in a draw after a penalty from Messi. After Barcelona lost the [[2011 Copa del Rey Final|Copa del Rey final]] four days later, Messi scored both goals in his side's 2–0 win in the first leg of the [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Semi-finals|semi-finals]] in Madrid, the second of which – a slaloming dribble past three Real players – was acclaimed as one of the best ever in the competition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ronaldo's overhead kick and five other classic UCL goals |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fmGdOYFwHsE |publisher=UEFA.com. |access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> Although he did not score, he was again important in the second-leg draw that sent Barcelona through to the [[2011 UEFA Champions League Final|Champions League final]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in the Aftermath of the Clásico Series |work=Sports Illustrated |date=5 May 2011 |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508163612/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html |archive-date=8 May 2011}}</ref>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=494–499}} where they faced Manchester United in a repeat of the final two years earlier. As the competition's top scorer for the third consecutive year, with 12 goals, Messi gave a man-of-the-match performance at [[Wembley Stadium|Wembley]] on 28 May, scoring the match-winning goal of Barça's 3–1 victory.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Scorer Messi Matches Van Nistelrooy Mark |publisher=UEFA |date=28 May 2011 |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1634951.html |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Barcelona 3–1 Man Utd |work=BBC Sport |date=28 May 2011 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/13576522 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Barcelona won a [[2010–11 La Liga|third consecutive La Liga title]]. In addition to his 31 goals, Messi was also the league's top assist provider with 18.<ref name="Matches 2010–11">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2010–11 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2010-11 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Spanish Primera División Statistics: Top Assists 2010–11 |publisher=ESPN FC |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/15/statistics/assists?season=2010 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> He finished the season with 53 goals and 24 assists in all competitions, becoming Barcelona's all-time single-season top scorer and the first player in Spanish football to reach the 50-goal benchmark.<ref name="Matches 2010–11" /><ref name="Sublime">{{cite news |first1=Tony |last1=Cascarino |first2=Patrick |last2=Barclay |title=Is Sublime Lionel Messi the Greatest Footballer Ever? |newspaper=The Times |url-access=subscription |date=27 May 2011 |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/europe/article3041129.ece |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><br />
[[File:FC Barcelona Team 2, 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Messi (centre) and his teammates celebrating winning the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup|FIFA Club World Cup]] in December 2011]]<br />
As Messi developed into a combination of a number 8 (a creator), a 9 (scorer), and a 10 (assistant),<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.projectsportsmastery.com/lionel-messi-creator-scorer-assistant/ |title=Professional Soccer Training Drills – Lionel Messi a Combination |date=11 January 2018 |work=Project Sports Mastery|access-date=5 February 2018}}</ref> he scored an unprecedented 73 goals and provided 29 assists in all club competitions during the [[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12 season]], producing a hat-trick or more on 10 occasions.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=512}}<ref name="Matches 2011–12">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2011–12 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2011-12 |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Majid |last=Mohamed |title=Lionel Messi: The Best Goalscorer Ever but Is the Barcelona Player the Greatest-Ever Footballer? |newspaper=The Independent |date=10 December 2012 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-the-best-goalscorer-ever-but-is-the-barcelona-player-the-greatestever-footballer-8398696.html |access-date=30 July 2015 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925211000/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-the-best-goalscorer-ever-but-is-the-barcelona-player-the-greatestever-footballer-8398696.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He began the campaign by helping Barcelona win both the [[2011 Supercopa de España|Spanish]] and [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|European Super Cups]]; in the Supercopa de España, he scored three times to achieve a 5–4 aggregate victory over Real Madrid, overtaking [[Raúl (footballer)|Raúl]] as the competition's all-time top scorer with eight goals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tempers Flare into Brawl as Barcelona Beats Real Madrid |newspaper=USA Today |date=17 August 2011 |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/europe/2011-08-17-supercup-brawl-barcelona-real-madrid_n.htm |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Henry |last=Winter |title=Barcelona 2 Porto 0: Match Report |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=26 August 2011 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/8726103/Barcelona-2-Porto-0-match-report.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> At the close of the year, on 18 December, he scored twice in the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup|FIFA Club World Cup]] [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final|final]], a 4–0 victory over [[Santos FC|Santos]], earning the [[List of FIFA Club World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Golden Ball]] as the best player of the tournament, as he had done two years previously.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barcelona Win FIFA Club World Cup |work=BBC Sport |date=18 December 2011 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/16234168 |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> For his efforts in 2011, he again received the [[2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or#Winners and nominees|FIFA Ballon d'Or]], becoming only the fourth player in history to win the Ballon d'Or three times, after [[Johan Cruyff]], [[Michel Platini]], and [[Marco van Basten]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Crowned World's Best |publisher=ESPN FC |date=9 January 2012 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1006543/2011-fifa-ballon-dor-lionel-messi-crowned-worlds-best |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> Additionally, he won the inaugural [[UEFA Best Player in Europe Award]], a revival of the old-style Ballon d'Or.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Wins UEFA Best Player in Europe Award |publisher=UEFA |date=25 August 2011 |url=https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/awards/news/0250-0c50f3bb01f8-2230f3d90345-1000--messi-wins-uefa-best-player-in-europe-award/ |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> By then, Messi was already widely considered one of the best footballers in history, alongside players like Diego Maradona and [[Pelé]].<ref name="BoyGenius"/><br />
<br />
==== 2012: A record-breaking year ====<br />
{{quote box|width=33%|align=right|quote="I feel sorry for those who want to compete for Messi's throne – it's impossible, this kid is unique."|source=– [[Pep Guardiola]] after Messi became Barcelona's all-time top scorer at age 24 in March 2012<ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Hayward |title=FIFA Ballon d'Or 2012: Lionel Messi Rewarded for Displays No Rival Could Ever Match |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=7 January 2013 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/lionel-messi/9786403/Fifa-Ballon-dOr-2012-Lionel-Messi-rewarded-for-displays-no-rival-could-ever-match.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
As Messi maintained his goalscoring form into the second half of the season, the year 2012 saw him break several longstanding records. On 7 March, two weeks after scoring four goals in a league fixture against [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], he scored [[European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics#Five goals in a match|five times]] in a [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|last 16-round]] match against [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]], an unprecedented achievement in the history of the competition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Scores Four as Barcelona Rout Valencia |publisher=CNN |date=20 February 2012 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/19/sport/football/football-barcelona-messi-milan/ |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Rostance |title=Lionel Messi Scores Five in Barcelona Champions League Win |work=BBC Sport |date=7 March 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17291685 |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> In addition to being the joint top assist provider with five assists, this feat made him top scorer with 14 goals, tying [[José Altafini]]'s record from the [[1962–63 European Cup|1962–63 season]], as well as becoming only the second player after [[Gerd Müller]] to be top scorer in four campaigns.<ref>{{cite web |title=UEFA Champions League 2011–12: Statistics |publisher=UEFA |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2012/statistics/index.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Record-Breaking Messi Takes Top Scorer Honour |publisher=UEFA |date=19 May 2012 |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1795767.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> Two weeks later, on 20 March, Messi became the top goalscorer in Barcelona's history at 24 years old, overtaking the 57-year record of [[César Rodríguez (footballer, born 1920)|César Rodríguez]]'s 232 goals with a hat-trick against [[Granada CF|Granada]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi as Dominant as Michael Jordan, Claims Barcelona's Pep Guardiola, After He Breaks Goal Record |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=21 March 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/lionel-messi/9157192/Lionel-Messi-as-dominant-as-Michael-Jordan-claims-Barcelonas-Pep-Guardiola-after-he-breaks-goal-record.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:FC Barcelona - Bayer 04 Leverkusen, 7 mar 2012 (07).jpg|thumb|left|Messi pointing to the sky following his record five-goal display against [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]] in the last 16 of the UEFA Champions League in March 2012]]<br />
<br />
Despite Messi's individual form, Barcelona's four-year cycle of success under Guardiola – one of the greatest eras in the club's history – drew to an end.<ref>{{cite news |first=Andy |last=Brassell |title=Pep Guardiola Leaves Lasting Legacy at Barcelona |work=BBC Sport |date=27 April 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17867892 |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> Although Barcelona won the [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] against Athletic Bilbao on 25 May, its 14th title of that period, the team [[2011–12 La Liga|lost the league]] to Real Madrid and was eliminated in the [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Semi-finals|Champions League semi-finals]] by the eventual [[2012 UEFA Champions League Final|champions]], Chelsea, with Messi sending a crucial second-leg penalty kick against the crossbar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pep Guardiola's Final Game: Barcelona Win Copa del Rey |work=BBC Sport |date=26 May 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/18216611 |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=Dawkes |title=Barcelona 2–2 Chelsea (agg 2–3) |work=BBC Sport |date=24 April 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17817584 |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> In Barça's last home league match on 5 May, against Espanyol, Messi scored all four goals before approaching the bench to embrace Guardiola, who had announced his resignation as manager.<ref>{{cite news |title=Four-Goal Lionel Messi Gives Pep Guardiola Perfect Barcelona Send-Off |newspaper=The Guardian |date=5 May 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/may/05/lionel-messi-four-goals-guardiola |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> He finished [[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|the season]] as league top scorer in Spain and Europe for a second time, with 50 goals, a La Liga record, while his [[European association football club records#Most goals in a season|73 goals in all competitions]] surpassed [[Gerd Müller]]'s 67 goals in the [[1972–73 Bundesliga]] season, making him the single-season top scorer in the history of European club football.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi Receives Golden Boot Award as Europe's Top Scorer |work=Sports Illustrated |date=29 October 2012 |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2012/10/29/lionel-messi-golden-boot-barcelona-ap |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Smashes Müller's 40-Year Record |publisher=ESPN FC |date=9 December 2012 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1258108/messi-breaks-40-year-record-with-86th-goal-of-2012 |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Under manager [[Tito Vilanova]], who had first coached him aged 14 at ''La Masia'', Messi helped the club achieve its best-ever start to a [[2012–13 La Liga|La Liga season]] during the second half of 2012, amassing 55 points by the competition's midway point, a record in Spanish football.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ten-Man Barcelona Shocked by Sociedad |publisher=CNN |date=19 January 2013 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/19/sport/football/football-barcelona-defeat-sociedad/index.html |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> A double scored on 9 December against [[Real Betis]] saw Messi break two longstanding records: he surpassed César Rodríguez's record of 190 league goals, becoming Barcelona's all-time top scorer in La Liga, and Gerd Müller's record of most goals scored in a calendar year, overtaking his 85 goals scored in 1972 for Bayern Munich and [[Germany national football team|West Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Iain |last=Rogers |title=Fatherhood Hasn't Slowed Record-Breaking Messi |work=Reuters |date=10 December 2012 |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-spain-messi-idUKL5E8NA1RM20121210 |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> Messi sent Müller a number 10 Barcelona shirt, signed "with respect and admiration", after breaking his 40-year record.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mueller Gets Messi's No. 10 Barcelona Shirt |work=Sports Illustrated |date=17 January 2013 |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2013/01/17/lionel-messi-gerd-mueller-jersey |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> At the close of the year, Messi had scored a record 91 goals in all competitions for Barcelona and Argentina.<ref name="MostDecorated">{{cite news |first=Majid |last=Mohamed |title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi Becomes Most Decorated Player in History after Winning Unprecedented Fourth Straight Ballon d'Or |newspaper=The Independent |date=8 January 2013 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/barcelonas-lionel-messi-becomes-most-decorated-player-in-history-after-winning-unprecedented-fourth-8441605.html |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> Although [[FIFA]] did not acknowledge the achievement, citing verifiability issues, he received the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' title for most goals scored in a calendar year.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Refuses to Back Lionel Messi or Godfrey Chitalu for Goal Record |work=BBC Sport |date=14 December 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20727929 |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Barcelona Star Lionel Messi Sets New Goal-Scoring Record |work=Guinness World Records |date=10 December 2012 |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/12/barcelona-star-lionel-messi-sets-new-goalscoring-record-46285/ |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> As the odds-on favourite, Messi again won the [[2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or#Winners and nominees|FIFA Ballon d'Or]], becoming the only player in history to win the Ballon d'Or four times.<ref name="MostDecorated"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Saj |last=Chowdhury |title=Ballon d'Or Contenders Messi, Ronaldo and Iniesta in Profile |work=BBC Sport |date=9 January 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20910453 |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2013–14: ''Messidependencia'' ====<br />
Barcelona had virtually secured their La Liga title by the start of 2013, eventually equalling Real Madrid's 100-point record of the previous season. However, their performances deteriorated in the second half of the [[2012–13 FC Barcelona season|2012–13 campaign]], concurrently with Vilanova's absence due to ill health.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=A Sense of Anticlimax but Barcelona Still Deserve Their La Liga Title |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 May 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/13/barcelona-title-anti-climax |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> After losing successive ''Clásicos'', including the [[2012–13 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] [[2012–13 Copa del Rey#Semi-finals|semi-finals]], they were nearly eliminated in the [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|first knockout round]] of the [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] by [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]], but a revival of form in the second leg led to a 4–0 comeback, with two goals and an assist from Messi.<ref>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Monaghan |title=Barcelona 4–0 AC Milan (agg 4–2) |work=BBC Sport |date=12 March 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/21747026 |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> Now in his ninth senior season with Barcelona, Messi signed a new contract on 7 February, committing himself to the club through 2018, while his fixed wage rose to €13&nbsp;million.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=556}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Signs New Barcelona Deal |publisher=CNN |date=7 February 2015 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/07/sport/football/football-leo-messi-barcelona/ |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> He wore the captain's armband for the first time a month later, on 17 March, in a league match against [[Rayo Vallecano]]; by then, he had become the team's tactical focal point to a degree that was arguably rivalled only by former Barcelona players [[Josep Samitier]], [[László Kubala]] and Johan Cruyff.<ref>{{cite web |first=Iain |last=Rogers |title=Captain Messi Inspires Another Barça League Triumph |work=Reuters |date=11 May 2013 |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-spain-messi-idUKBRE94A0GW20130511 |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> Since his evolution into a false nine three years earlier, his input into the team's attack had increased; from 24% in their treble-winning campaign, his goal contribution rose to more than 40% that season.{{sfn|Caioli|2015|loc=ch. 38}}<br />
<br />
{{quote box|width=29%|align=left|quote="In Leo we are talking about the best player in the world and when things are not going well you have to use him. Even if he is half lame, his presence on the pitch is enough to lift us and our play in general."|source=– Defender [[Gerard Piqué]] explains Barcelona's reliance on an unfit Messi against [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] in April 2013.<ref>{{cite news |first=Iain |last=Rogers |title=Andrés Iniesta Admission That Barcelona Suffer from 'Messi-Dependence' Proved against PSG |newspaper=The Independent |date=11 April 2013 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/andres-iniesta-admission-that-barcelona-suffer-from-messidependence-proved-against-psg-8568190.html |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
After four largely injury-free seasons, the muscular injuries that had previously plagued Messi reoccurred. After he suffered a hamstring strain on 2 April, during the first [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Quarter-finals|quarter-final]] against [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]], his appearances became sporadic. In the second leg against PSG, with an underperforming Barcelona down a goal, Messi came off the bench in the second half and within nine minutes helped create their game-tying goal, which allowed them to progress to the semi-finals. Still unfit, he proved ineffective during the first leg against Bayern Munich and was unable to play at all during the second, as Barcelona were [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Semi-finals|defeated 7–0 on aggregate]] by the eventual champions.<ref name="Messidependencia">{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=Messidependencia Brought into Focus as Barcelona Show Vulnerability |newspaper=The Guardian |date=11 April 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/apr/11/lionel-messi-barcelona-psg-champions-league |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> These matches gave credence to the notion of ''Messidependencia'', Barcelona's perceived tactical and psychological dependence on their star player.<ref name="Messidependencia"/><br />
[[File:Leo Messi v Almeria 020314 (extra crop).jpg|thumb|253x253px|Messi during a game against [[UD Almería|Almería]] in March 2014]]<br />
Messi continued to struggle with injury throughout 2013, eventually parting ways with his long-time personal physiotherapist.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jack |last=De Menezes |title=Rumours of Lionel Messi Rift with Barcelona Rubbished Be Representatives of the Argentina International |newspaper=The Independent |date=14 November 2013 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/rumours-of-lionel-messi-rift-with-barcelona-rubbished-be-representatives-of-the-argentina-international-8939631.html |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> Further damage to his hamstring sustained on 12 May ended his goalscoring streak of 21 consecutive league games, a worldwide record; he had netted 33 goals during his run, including a four-goal display against [[CA Osasuna|Osasuna]], while becoming the first player to score consecutively against all 19 opposition teams in La Liga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Worry Mars Barca's Title Joy |publisher=CNN |date=13 May 2013 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/12/sport/football/messi-barcelona-psg-milan-football |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Messi 'Breaks Record' by Scoring in 17th Consecutive La Liga Game |work=BBC Sport |date=10 March 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/21732439 |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> With 60 goals in all competitions, including 46 goals in La Liga, he finished the campaign as league top scorer in Spain and Europe for the second consecutive year, becoming the first player in history to win the [[European Golden Shoe]] three times.<ref name="46Goals">{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi Awarded Golden Shoe for Third Time after 46 La Liga Goals for Barcelona |newspaper=The Independent |date=20 November 2013 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-awarded-golden-shoe-for-third-time-after-46-la-liga-goals-for-barcelona-8951828.html |access-date=9 August 2015 |archive-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522051148/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-awarded-golden-shoe-for-third-time-after-46-la-liga-goals-for-barcelona-8951828.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Matches 2012–13">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2012–13 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2012-13 |access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> Following an irregular start to the [[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|new season]] under manager [[Gerardo Martino]], formerly of his boyhood club Newell's Old Boys, Messi suffered his fifth injury of 2013 when he tore his hamstring on 10 November, leaving him sidelined for two months.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=587–592}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi Returns from Injury in Barcelona Victory |publisher=CNN |date=8 January 2013 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/08/sport/football/messi-barcelona-return/ |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> Despite his injuries, he was voted runner-up for the [[2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or|FIFA Ballon d'Or]], relinquishing the award after a four-year monopoly to Cristiano Ronaldo.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cristiano Ronaldo Wins FIFA Ballon D'or after Stellar Year at Real Madrid |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 January 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jan/13/cristiano-ronaldo-ballon-dor-winner-real-madrid |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the second half of the 2013–14 season, doubts persisted over Messi's form, leading to a perception among the ''culés'' that he was reserving himself for the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]]. Statistically, his contribution of goals, shots, and passes had dropped significantly compared to previous seasons.<ref name="Overtaken">{{cite news |first=Andy |last=West |title=Real Madrid v Barcelona: Has Ronaldo Overtaken Messi? |work=BBC Sport |date=22 March 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/26651301 |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="OneFlick">{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=One Flick of Lionel Messi's Left Foot Ends Talk of Crisis at Barcelona |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 March 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/mar/12/lionel-messi-barcelona-champions-league-manchester-city |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> He still managed to break two longstanding records in a span of seven days: a hat-trick on 16 March against Osasuna saw him overtake [[Paulino Alcántara]]'s 369 goals to become Barcelona's top goalscorer in all competitions including friendlies, while another hat-trick against Real Madrid on 23 March made him the [[El Clásico#Top goalscorers|all-time top scorer]] in ''El Clásico'', ahead of the 18 goals scored by former Real Madrid player [[Alfredo Di Stéfano]].<ref name="Overtaken"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Pete |last=Jenson |title=Real Madrid 3 Barcelona 4 Match Report: Lionel Messi Hat-Trick Out-Guns Cristiano Ronaldo in Seven-Goal El Clásico Thriller |newspaper=The Independent |date=24 March 2014 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/real-madrid-3-barcelona-4-match-report-messi-hattrick-outguns-ronaldo-in-sevengoal-clasico-thriller-9211169.html |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925211136/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/real-madrid-3-barcelona-4-match-report-messi-hattrick-outguns-ronaldo-in-sevengoal-clasico-thriller-9211169.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Messi finished the campaign with his worst output in five seasons, though he still managed to score 41 goals in all competitions.<ref name="OneFlick"/><ref name="Matches 2013–14">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2013–14 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2013-14 |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> For the first time in five years, Barcelona ended the season without a major trophy; they were defeated in the [[2013–14 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] [[2014 Copa del Rey Final|final]] by Real Madrid and [[2013–14 La Liga|lost the league]] in the last game to Atlético Madrid, causing Messi to be booed by sections of fans at the Camp Nou.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi: I Had a Lot of Problems during 2013–14 Season |publisher=ESPN FC |date=19 February 2014 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/2306392/barcelona-lionel-messi-i-had-a-lot-of-problems-during-2013-14-season |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> After prolonged speculation over his future with the club, Messi signed a new contract on 19 May 2014, only a year after his last contractual update; his salary increased to €20&nbsp;million, or €36&nbsp;million before taxes, the highest wage in the sport.<ref name="Payroll">{{cite web |first=Roberto |last=Notarianni |title=Messi, la (Très) Bonne Paie |trans-title=Messi, the (Very) Good Payroll |magazine=France Football |date=25 March 2015 |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/news/Messi-la-tres-bonne-paie/545838 |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> It was reported that Vilanova played a key role in convincing Messi to stay<ref name=tito1>{{Cite news |title=Messi: 'Tito was the first person who had faith in me because at the time, I was a substitute or didn't play' |url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/fcbarcelona-2021-04-26-messi-tito-was-the-first-person-who-had-faith-in-me-because-at-the-time-i-was-a-substitut/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210529103424/https://tribuna.com/en/news/fcbarcelona-2021-04-26-messi-tito-was-the-first-person-who-had-faith-in-me-because-at-the-time-i-was-a-substitut/ |archive-date=29 May 2021 |access-date=18 May 2021 |last=Schepanskyi |first=Den |work=Tribuna |url-status=live}}</ref> amid strong interest from [[Jose Mourinho|Mourinho]]'s Chelsea.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Jose Mourinho persuaded Lionel Messi to join Chelsea from Barcelona in 2014 |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12103898/how-jose-mourinho-persuaded-lionel-messi-to-join-chelsea-from-barcelona-in-2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210529121708/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12103898/how-jose-mourinho-persuaded-lionel-messi-to-join-chelsea-from-barcelona-in-2014 |date=15 Oct 2020 |archive-date=29 May 2021 |last1=Fiore |first1=Tommaso |first2=Gianluca |last2=Di Marzio |work=Sky Sports |location=United Kingdom |access-date=29 May 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2014–15: Second treble ====<br />
[[File:Leo Messi v Granada 2014.jpg|thumb|Messi celebrating his second goal against [[Granada CF|Granada]] in September 2014]]<br />
<br />
Under new manager and former captain [[Luis Enrique]], Messi experienced a largely injury-free start to the [[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15 season]], allowing him to break three more longstanding records towards the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dermot |last=Corrigan |title=Gerardo Martino: Lionel Messi Feeling Mental, Physical Strain of Years at Top |date=19 December 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/story/2205947/lionel-messi-feeling-strain-of-years-at-top-for-barcelona-and-argentina-says-gerardo-martino |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> A hat-trick scored against Sevilla on 22 November made him the [[La Liga#Most goals|all-time top scorer in La Liga]], as he surpassed the 59-year record of 251 league goals held by [[Telmo Zarra]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi: Barcelona Forward Will Leave 'Unreachable' Record |work=BBC Sport |date=23 November 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30165949 |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> A third hat-trick, scored against city rivals Espanyol on 7 December, allowed him to surpass César Rodríguez as the all-time top scorer in the ''[[Derbi barceloní]]'' with 12 goals.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ramon |last=Besa |title=El Derbi Es un Monólogo de Messi |trans-title=The Derby Is a Monologue of Messi |newspaper=El País |language=es |date=7 December 2014 |url=http://deportes.elpais.com/deportes/2014/12/07/actualidad/1417963145_479538.html |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> Messi again placed second in the [[2014 FIFA Ballon d'Or#Winners|FIFA Ballon d'Or]] behind Cristiano Ronaldo, largely owing to his second-place achievement with Argentina at the World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cristiano Ronaldo Wins Ballon D'or for Second Straight Year |publisher=ESPN FC |date=12 January 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/real-madrid/story/2240733/cristiano-ronaldo-wins-ballon-dor-for-second-straight-year |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the start of 2015, Barcelona were perceived to be headed for another disappointing end to the season, with renewed speculation in the media that Messi was leaving the club. A turning point came on 11 January during a 3–1 victory over Atlético Madrid, the first time Barça's attacking trident of Messi, [[Luis Suárez]] and [[Neymar]], dubbed "MSN", each scored in a match, marking the beginning of a highly successful run.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lee |last=Roden |title=Barcelona, Messi and Enrique: What's Gone Wrong? |work=BBC Sport |date=8 January 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30714018 |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Transform">{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=Barcelona Transform Their Season from Trouble to a Possible Treble |newspaper=The Guardian |date=18 May 2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/may/18/barcelona-la-liga-champions-sid-lowe |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> After five years of playing in the centre of the pitch, Messi had returned to his old position on the right wing late the previous year, by his own suggestion according to Suárez, their striker.<ref name="Transform"/><ref name="Motivated">{{cite news |first=Andy |last=West |title=Motivated Lionel Messi Transforms Barcelona's Hopes for Trophy Treble |work=BBC Sport |date=19 March 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/31956028 |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> From there, he regained his best – arguably his best-ever – form, while Suárez and Neymar ended the team's attacking dependency on their star player.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=Messi's Best-Ever Form? |publisher=ESPN FC |date=8 May 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.us/spanish-primera-division/15/blog/post/2439543/messi-best-real-madrid-champions-league-liga-strike-sid-lowe |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Francesc |last=Tomas |title=Barcelona Increasingly Gaining Messi Independence (and It's a Good Thing) |publisher=ESPN FC |date=22 April 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2413578/barcelona-slowly-gaining-lionel-messi-independence |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> With 58 goals from Messi, the trio scored a total of 122 goals in all competitions that season, a record in Spanish football.<ref name="TooGood">{{cite news |first=Sid |last=Lowe |title=Barcelona's Luis Suárez, Leo Messi and Neymar Too Good for Juventus |newspaper=The Guardian |date=6 June 2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/06/barcelona-luis-suarez-lionel-messi-juventus-champions-league-final |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Moment of the Champions League final FC Barcelona - Juventus 2015.jpg|thumb|left|Messi dribbling past [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] defender [[Patrice Evra]] during the [[2015 UEFA Champions League Final|UEFA Champions League Final]] in June 2015. Prior to the match, Juventus captain [[Gianluigi Buffon]] stated, "Messi is an alien that dedicates himself to playing with humans".<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi Is 'an Alien That Dedicates Himself to Playing with Humans' Says Gianluigi Buffon |newspaper=The Guardian |date=2 June 2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/02/lionel-messi-alien-gianluigi-buffon-juventus-barcelona |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref>]]<br />
Towards the end of the campaign, Messi scored in a 1–0 away win over Atlético Madrid on 17 May, securing the [[2014–15 La Liga|La Liga title]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Rice |title=Barcelona Win La Liga: Lionel Messi Strike Sees Barca Clinch 23rd Title at Home of Reigning Champions Atletico Madrid |newspaper=The Independent |date=17 May 2015 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-win-la-liga-lionel-messi-goal-sees-barca-clinch-title-at-home-of-reigning-champions-atletico-madrid-10256854.html |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> Among his 43 league goals that season was a hat-trick scored in 11 minutes against Rayo Vallecano on 8 March, the fastest of his senior career; it was his 32nd hat-trick overall for Barcelona, allowing him to overtake Telmo Zarra with the most hat-tricks in Spanish football.<ref>{{cite web |title=Supporters, Superstars and Goals Galore |publisher=FIFA |date=11 March 2015 |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2015/m=3/news=supporters-superstars-and-goals-galore-2557355.html |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> As the season's top assist provider with 18 he surpassed [[Luís Figo]] with the most assists in La Liga;{{refn|group=note|name="Assist statistics"|Assist statistics began in 1990.}} he made his record 106th assist in a fixture against [[Levante UD|Levante]] on 15 February, in which he also scored a hat-trick.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spanish Primera División Statistics: Top Assists 2014–15 |publisher=ESPN FC |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/15/statistics/assists?season=2014 |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Messi También Es Leyenda en el Ranking Histórico de Asistencias |trans-title=Messi Is Also a Legend in the Historical Assist Ranking |publisher=La Liga BBVA |date=19 February 2015 |language=es |url=http://www.ligabbva.com/2544_liga-bbva/2958603_messi-tambien-es-leyenda-en-el-ranking-historico-de-asistencias.html |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711175250/http://www.ligabbva.com/2544_liga-bbva/2958603_messi-tambien-es-leyenda-en-el-ranking-historico-de-asistencias.html |archive-date=11 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Messi">{{cite web |first=Dermot |last=Corrigan |title=Messi Notches Assist Record |publisher=ESPN FC |date=15 February 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/story/2300728/messi-notches-assist-record;-suarez-very-happy-at-barca-says-luis-enrique |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> Messi scored twice as Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 3–1 in the [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] [[2015 Copa del Rey Final|final]] on 30 May, achieving the sixth double in their history. His opening goal was hailed as one of the greatest in his career; he collected the ball near the halfway line and beat four opposing players, before feinting the goalkeeper to score in a tight space by the near post.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dermot |last=Corrigan |title=Treble Comes into Focus as Messi Marches Barcelona to Copa Title |publisher=ESPN FC |date=30 May 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/the-match/60/post/2472389/lionel-messi-marches-barcelona-to-copa-del-rey-final-win |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]], Messi scored twice and set up another in their 3–0 [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Semi-finals|semi-final]] victory over Bayern Munich, now under the stewardship of Guardiola.<ref>{{cite news |first=Blair |last=Newman |title=If Lionel Messi Makes Pep Guardiola Feel Helpless, What Chance Do the Rest Have? |newspaper=The Guardian |date=7 May 2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/may/07/pep-guardiola-lionel-messi-barcelona-bayern-munich |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> His second goal, which came only three minutes after his first, saw him [[Chip (association football)|chip]] the ball over goalkeeper [[Manuel Neuer]] after his dribble past [[Jérôme Boateng]] had made the defender drop to the ground; it went [[Internet meme|viral]], becoming the year's most tweeted about sporting moment, and was named the best goal of the season by [[UEFA]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Rice |title=Lionel Messi, Manchester United and Arsenal: The 10 Most Tweeted Sporting Moments of 2015 |newspaper=The Independent |date=7 December 2015 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/lionel-messi-manchester-united-arsenal-10-most-tweeted-about-sporting-moments-of-2015-a6762456.html |access-date=7 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Christopher |last=Chavez |title=Messi's Goal vs. Bayern Voted Europe's Best in 2014–15 |work=Sports Illustrated |date=27 August 2015 |url=https://www.si.com/planet-futbol/2015/08/27/lionel-messi-goal-barcelona-bayern-munich-champions-league-jerome-boateng |access-date=4 September 2015}}</ref> Despite a second-leg loss, Barcelona progressed to the [[2015 UEFA Champions League Final|final]] on 6 June in [[Berlin]], where they defeated Juventus 3–1 to win their second treble, becoming the first team in history to do so.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Jurejko |title=Bayern Mun 3–2 Barcelona |work=BBC Sport |date=12 May 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32683310 |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Borden |title=Barcelona Overwhelms Juventus to Win Fifth Champions League Title |newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 June 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/sports/soccer/barcelona-defeats-juventus-in-champions-league-final.html |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> Although Messi did not score, he participated in each of his side's goals, particularly the second as he forced a parried save from goalkeeper [[Gianluigi Buffon]] from which Suárez scored the match-winning goal on the rebound.<ref name="TooGood"/> In addition to being the top assist provider with six assists, Messi finished the competition as the joint top scorer with ten goals, which earned him the distinction of being the first player ever to achieve the top scoring mark in five Champions League seasons.<ref>{{cite web |title=UEFA Champions League 2014–15: Statistics |publisher=UEFA |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/statistics/index.html |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ralph |last=Hannah |title=The Ultimate Record-Breaking Preview to the UEFA Champions League Final |work=Guinness World Records |date=5 June 2015 |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/6/the-ultimate-record-breaking-preview-champions-league-final |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> For his efforts during the season, he received the [[UEFA Best Player in Europe Award#2014–15|UEFA Best Player in Europe award]] for a second time.<ref name="Beats">{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Gonzalez |title=Messi Beats Ronaldo for 2014–15 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award |work=CBS Sports |date=27 August 2015 |url=http://www.cbssports.com/general/eye-on-sports/25282034/messi-beats-ronaldo-for-2014-15-uefa-best-player-in-europe-award |access-date=4 September 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2015–16: Domestic success ====<br />
[[File:Lionel Messi.png|thumb|upright|Messi holding off Sevilla's [[Éver Banega]] during the [[2015 UEFA Super Cup]] in [[Tbilisi]]]]<br />
Messi opened the [[2015–16 FC Barcelona season|2015–16 season]] by scoring twice from [[Free kick (association football)|free kicks]] in Barcelona's 5–4 victory ([[Overtime (sports)|after extra time]]) over Sevilla in the [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi Says Free Kick Goals in UEFA Super Cup Were 'Lucky' |publisher=ESPN FC |date=11 August 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.us/barcelona/story/2559713/lionel-messi-calls-free-kick-goals-in-uefa-super-cup-lucky |access-date=4 September 2015}}</ref> On 16 September, he became the youngest player to make 100 appearances in the [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]] in a 1–1 away draw to [[A.S. Roma|Roma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/uefa-champions-league-chelsea-as-roma-barcelona-messi-arsenal-florenzi/ |title=Florenzi's goal vs. Barca one for the ages |publisher=Sports Net |first=John |last=Molinaro |date=16 September 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref> After a knee injury, he returned to the pitch on 21 November, making a substitute appearance in Barcelona's 4–0 away win over rivals Real Madrid in ''El Clásico''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/34849342 |title=Real Madrid 0 – Barcelona 4 |publisher=BBC Sport.com |first=Gary |last=Rose |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref> Messi capped off the year by winning the [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup]] [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final|Final]] on 20 December, collecting his fifth club trophy of 2015 as Barcelona defeated [[Club Atlético River Plate|River Plate]] 3–0 in [[Yokohama]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.us/fifa-club-world-cup/story/2765338/lionel-messi-club-world-cup-shows-barcelona-are-world-best |title=Lionel Messi: Club World Cup triumph proves Barcelona are 'best in the world' |publisher=ESPN FC |first=Dermot |last=Corrigan |date=20 December 2015 |access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref> On 30 December, Messi scored on his 500th appearance for Barcelona, in a 4–0 home win over Real Betis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/match-archive/2015-2016/league/round-17/fc-barcelona_real-betis-balompie |title=FC Barcelona claim 4–0 victory over Betis and top spot to end 2015 |publisher=FC Barcelona |first=Michael |last=Toll |date=30 December 2015 |access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 11 January 2016, Messi won the [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|FIFA Ballon d'Or]] for a record fifth time in his career.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/fifa/243/post/2784555/lionel-messi-wins-2015-ballon-dor-ahead-of-ronaldo-neymar |title=Lionel Messi wins 2015 Ballon d'Or ahead of Cristiano Ronaldo, Neymar |first=Dermot |last=Corrigon |date=12 January 2016}}</ref> On 3 February, he scored a hat-trick in Barcelona's 7–0 win against Valencia in the first leg of the [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] [[2015–16 Copa del Rey#Semi-finals|semi-final]] at the Camp Nou.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/02/03/lionel-messis-500th-goal-shows-off-scintillating-skill/ |title=Lionel Messi's 500th goal shows off scintillating skill |work=The Washington Post |first=Des |last=Bieler |date=3 February 2016 |access-date=17 February 2016}}</ref> In a 6–1 home win against [[RC Celta de Vigo|Celta Vigo]] in the league, Messi assisted Suárez from a [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]]. Some saw it as "a touch of genius", while others criticised it as being disrespectful to the opponent. The Celta players never complained and their coach defended the penalty, stating, "Barca's forwards are very respectful." The penalty routine has been compared to that of ''Barça'' icon Johan Cruyff in 1982, who was battling lung cancer, leading many fans to indicate that the penalty was a tribute to him. Cruyff himself was "very happy" with the play, insisting "it was legal and entertaining".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/35578309 |title=Barcelona penalty: Was it disrespectful or a touch of genius? |date=15 February 2016 |work=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2016/02/14/messi-suarez-team-up-for-audacious-penalty-kick.html |title=Messi, Suarez team up for audacious penalty kick |date=14 February 2016 |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 17 February, Messi reached his 300th league goal in a 1–3 away win against [[Sporting de Gijón]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/leo-messi-breaks-the-300-goal-barrier-in-the-league |title=Leo Messi breaks the 300 goal barrier in the league |publisher=FC Barcelona |date=18 February 2016}}</ref> A few days later, he scored both goals in Barcelona's 0–2 win against Arsenal at the [[Emirates Stadium]], in the first leg of the [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League]] [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|round of 16]], with the second goal being Barcelona's 10,000th in official competitions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/barca-reach-10-000-goals-in-official-competition |title=Barça reach 10,000 goals in official competition |publisher=FC Barcelona |date=23 February 2016}}</ref> On 17 April, Messi ended a five-match scoring drought with his 500th senior career goal for club and country in Barcelona's 2–1 home loss to Valencia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.si.com/planet-futbol/2016/04/17/lionel-messi-scores-500th-goal-video-barcelona-argentina |title=Messi scores 500th goal: Barcelona star nets milestone |work=Sports Illustrated |date=17 April 2016 |access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> Messi finished the 2015–16 season by setting up both goals in Barcelona's 2–0 extra time win over Sevilla in the [[2016 Copa del Rey Final]], at the [[Vicente Calderón Stadium]], on 22 May 2016, as the club celebrated winning the domestic double for the second consecutive season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marca.com/eventos/marcador/futbol/2015_16/copa/final/bar_sev/ |title=Messi sirve el doblete|trans-title=Messi hands out double |work=Marca |location=Spain |language=es |date=22 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref> In total, Messi scored 41 goals and provided 23 assists, as Barcelona's attacking trio managed a Spanish record of 131 goals throughout the season, breaking the record they had set the previous season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/messi-suarez-and-neymar-jr-end-season-with-131-goals |title=Messi, Suárez and Neymar Jr end season with 131 goals |publisher=FC Barcelona |first=Robert |last=Güell |date=23 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2016–17: Fourth Golden Boot ====<br />
{{quote box|width=33%|align=left|quote="[Messi] is indispensable, but the rest of us are dispensable. – No, the club is bigger than any manager, than any player... except Leo. That's the reality, and you have to accept it."|source=– In an interview with Barcelona's official magazine, [[Javier Mascherano]] outlines Messi's importance to the team.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi is bigger than Barcelona and indispensable – Javier Mascherano |work=ESPN FC |date=17 February 2017 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/3062002/lionel-messi-is-bigger-than-barcelona-and-indispensable-javier-mascherano |access-date=20 February 2017 |last=Marsden |first=Samuel}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Messi opened the [[2016–17 FC Barcelona season|2016–17 season]] by lifting the [[2016 Supercopa de España]] as Barcelona's captain in the absence of the injured Andrés Iniesta;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://deportes.elpais.com/deportes/2016/08/18/actualidad/1471475075_599601.html |title=Messi levanta la Supercopa|trans-title=Messi lifts the Supercup |work=El País |language=es |first=Ramon |last=Besa |date=18 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> he set-up [[Munir El Haddadi|Munir]]'s goal in a 2–0 away win over Sevilla in the first leg on 14 August,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2016/08/15/57b0ea7522601dc5638b45b4.html |title=Barça tame Sevilla in Super Cup |work=Marca |location=Spain |first=Arch |last=Bell |date=15 August 2016 |access-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> and subsequently scored in a 3–0 win in the return leg on 17 August.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.football-espana.net/60510/barca-seal-supercopa-de-espana |title=Barca seal Supercopa de Espana |publisher=Football España |date=17 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> Three days later, he scored two goals as Barcelona won 6–2 against Real Betis in the opening game of the [[2016–17 La Liga]] season.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/liga/2016-2017/barcelona-v-real-betis-live_sto5731413/story.shtml |title=Luis Suarez plunders hat-trick, Lionel Messi scores twice as Barca smash six past Betis |date=20 August 2016|access-date=21 August 2016}}</ref> On 13 September, Messi scored his first hat-trick of the season in the opening game of the [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League]] campaign against [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] in a 7–0 victory; this was also Messi's sixth hat-trick in the Champions League, the most by any player. A week later, Messi sustained a [[groin]] injury in a 1–1 draw against Atlético Madrid and was ruled out with injury for three weeks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2016-2017/leo-messi-out-for-three-weeks |title=Leo Messi out for three weeks |publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> He marked his return with a goal, scoring three minutes after coming off the bench in a 4–0 home win over [[Deportivo de La Coruña]], on 16 October.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beinsports.com/us/laliga/video/lionel-messi-scores-in-his-return-as-barcelon/353223 |title=Lionel Messi Scores in His Return as Barcelona Roll Past Deportivo La Coruña |publisher=beIN SPorts |date=15 October 2016 |access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref> Three days after this, he netted his thirty-seventh club hat-trick as Barcelona defeated [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] 4–0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/barcelona-vs-man-city/366886 |title=Lionel Messi scored a hat-trick as 10-man Manchester City lost 4–0 on Pep Guardiola's return to Barcelona in the Champions League. |publisher=Sky Sports |first=Jack |last=Wilkinson |date=20 October 2016 |access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> On 1 November, Messi scored his 54th Champions League group stage goal in Barcelona's 3–1 away loss to Manchester City, surpassing the previous record of 53 goals held by Raúl.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsports.com/soccer/story/watch-lionel-messi-score-to-pass-raul-for-most-goals-in-the-ucl-group-stage-110116 |title=Watch Lionel Messi score to pass Raul for most goals in the UCL group stage |work=Fox Sports |first=Alex |last=Dowd |date=1 November 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Leo Messi 2016.PNG|thumb|upright|Messi prior to a friendly game with [[Al Ahli SC (Doha)|Al Ahli SC]] in [[Doha]], Qatar in December 2016]]<br />
Messi finished the year with 51 goals, making him Europe's top scorer, one ahead of Zlatan Ibrahimović.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/top-goal-scorers-in-2016-messi-claims-crown-ibrahimovic-and-ronaldo-follow |title=Top goal scorers in 2016: Messi claims crown, Ibrahimovic and Ronaldo follow |work=CBS Sports |first=Roger |last=Gonzalez |date=31 December 2016 |access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref> After placing second in the [[2016 Ballon d'Or]], on 9 January 2017 Messi also finished in second place – behind Cristiano Ronaldo once again – in the [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2016#The Best FIFA Men's Player|2016 Best FIFA Men's Player Award]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/09/football/ronaldo-fifa-best-player-award-messi-football/ |title=Cristiano Ronaldo wins Best FIFA Men's Player 2016 award |publisher=CNN |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> On 11 January, Messi scored from a free-kick in Barcelona's 3–1 victory against Athletic Bilbao in the second leg of the [[2016–17 Copa del Rey#Round of 16|round of 16]] of the [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]], which enabled Barcelona to advance to the [[2016–17 Copa del Rey#Quarter-finals|quarter-finals]] of the competition; with his 26th goal from a free-kick for Barcelona in all competitions, he equalled the club's all-time record, which had previously been set by [[Ronald Koeman]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.us/barcelona/story/3036856/lionel-messi-equals-ronald-koemans-barcelona-free-kick-record |title=Lionel Messi equals Ronald Koeman's Barcelona free-kick record |publisher=ESPN FC |date=11 January 2017 |access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> In his next league match, on 14 January, Messi scored in a 5–0 win against [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]]; with this goal, he equalled Raúl's record for the most teams scored against in La Liga (35).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsports.com/soccer/story/watch-lionel-messi-record-for-the-most-teams-scored-against-in-la-liga-011417 |title=Watch Lionel Messi match record for the most La Liga teams scored against |work=Fox Sports |first=Caitlin |last=Murray |date=14 January 2017 |access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 4 February 2017, Messi scored his 27th free-kick for Barcelona in a 3–0 home win over Athletic Bilbao in the league, overtaking Koeman as the club's all-time top-scorer from free-kicks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/10756916/lionel-messi-embarrasses-gorka-iraizoz-with-free-kick-for-barcelona |title=Lionel Messi embarrasses Gorka Iraizoz with free-kick for Barcelona |publisher=Sky Sports |first=Paul |last=Green |date=4 February 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017}}</ref> On 23 April, Messi scored twice in a 3–2 away win over Real Madrid. His game-winning goal in stoppage time was his 500th for Barcelona.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/3106811/lionel-messi-scores-500th-goal-for-barcelona-against-real-madrid |title=Lionel Messi scores 500th goal for Barcelona against Real Madrid |publisher=ESPN FC |date=23 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> His memorable [[Goal celebration|celebration]] saw him taking off his Barcelona shirt and holding it up to incensed Real Madrid fans – with his name and number facing the crowd.<ref>{{cite news |title=Real Madrid-Barcelona: Celebrations in enemy territory |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2017/04/24/58fe5ed8ca47413f548b461c.html |access-date=9 October 2018 |work=Marca}}</ref> On 27 May, Messi scored a goal and set up another for [[Paco Alcácer]] in the [[2017 Copa del Rey Final]], helping Barcelona to a 3–1 victory over [[Deportivo Alavés|Alavés]], and was named [[Player of the match|Man of the Match]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/may/27/barcelona-alaves-copa-del-rey-final |title=Lionel Messi inspires Barcelona to Copa del Rey final triumph against Alavés |work=The Guardian |date=27 May 2017 |access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref> In total, Messi finished the 2016–17 season with 54 goals and 16 assists, while his 37 goals in La Liga saw him claim both the [[Pichichi Trophy|Pichichi]] and European Golden Boot Awards for the fourth time in his career.<ref name="MessiFourthGoldenShoe">{{cite web |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2017/11/24/5a182794268e3ef82a8b4639.html |title=Messi receives fourth Golden Shoe Award: Each day I enjoy it more |work=Marca |location=Spain |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=24 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2017–18: Domestic double and a record fifth Golden Boot ====<br />
Messi opened the [[2017–18 FC Barcelona season|2017–18 season]] by converting a penalty in Barcelona's 1–3 first leg home defeat to Real Madrid in [[2017 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/report?gameId=479398 |title=Ronaldo goal, red card in Real Madrid win against Barcelona |publisher=ESPN FC |date=14 August 2017 |access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref> Thereby, Messi also extended his ''El Clásico'' goalscoring record with the goal being his 24th official and 25th overall.<ref name="El ClasicoLM">{{Cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/social-networks-leo-messi-and-luis-suarez-call-for-optimism |title=Leo Messi and Luis Suárez call for optimism |publisher=FC Barcelona |date=14 August 2017 |access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref><br />
On 9 September, Messi scored his first hat-trick of the 2017–18 league campaign, against Espanyol in ''Derbi barceloní'', thus helping to secure a 5–0 home victory for ''Blaugrana'' over local rivals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/report?gameId=490682 |title=Lionel Messi's hat trick guides Barcelona's win over local rivals Espanyol |publisher=ESPN FC |date=9 September 2017 |access-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> Messi netted twice against Gianluigi Buffon, on 12 September, as Barça defeated the [[2016–17 Serie A|last season's Italian champions]] Juventus 3–0 at home in the [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/the-match/60/post/3201936/lionel-messi-scores-twice-as-barcelona-get-revenge-on-juventus |title=Lionel Messi scores twice as Barcelona get revenge on Juventus in UCL |last=Marsden |first=Samuel |date=12 September 2017 |publisher=ESPN FC |access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref> On 19 September, Messi found the net four times in a 6–1 trashing of [[SD Eibar|Eibar]] at the Camp Nou in [[2017–18 La Liga|La Liga]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/3208658/lionel-messi-creates-something-from-nothing-for-barcelona-valverde |title=Lionel Messi creates something from nothing for Barcelona – Valverde |publisher=ESPN FC |date=19 September 2017 |access-date=20 September 2017 |first=Samuel |last=Marsden}}</ref> Three weeks later, on 1 October, Messi surpassed his former teammate Carles Puyol to become the third highest appearance maker in the club's history, as he helped Barça defeat Las Palmas 3–0 by assisting [[Sergio Busquets]]' opener and later adding two himself in his 594th official game for the club; the league game was played behind closed doors at the Camp Nou due to violence in [[Catalonia]] relating to an [[2017 Catalan independence referendum|ongoing independence referendum]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/match-reports/barcelona-messi-empty-nou-camp-11270684 |title=Barcelona 3–0 Las Palmas: Lionel Messi nets brace in front of empty Nou Camp – 5 talking points |work=The Mirror |date=1 October 2017 |access-date=2 October 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 18 October, in his 122nd European club appearance, Messi scored his 97th UEFA Champions League goal, and his 100th in all UEFA club competitions, in a 3–1 home victory over [[Olympiacos F.C.|Olympiacos]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41624714 |title=Barcelona 3–1 Olympiakos |work=BBC Sport |date=18 October 2017 |access-date=18 October 2017}}</ref> Messi became only the second player after Cristiano Ronaldo to reach this century milestone, but accomplished it in 21 fewer appearances than the Portuguese counterpart.<ref name="UEFA100">{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2447481.html |title=Messi emulates Ronaldo with 100th European goal |date=18 October 2017 |access-date=19 October 2017 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> On 4 November, he made his 600th appearance for Barcelona in a 2–1 home win over Sevilla in La Liga.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kwese.espn.com/football/barcelona/story/3258275/lionel-messi-marks-600th-barcelona-appearance-in-win-over-sevilla |title=Lionel Messi marks 600th Barcelona appearance in win over Sevilla |publisher=ESPN FC |first=Sam |last=Marsden |date=4 November 2017 |access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> Following the reception of his fourth [[European Golden Shoe|Golden Boot]], Messi signed a new deal with Barcelona on 25 November, keeping him with the club through the [[2020–21 FC Barcelona season|2020–21 season]]. His [[buyout clause]] was set at €700&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/video-lionel-messi-signs-new-contract-fc-barcelona |title=Lionel Messi signs new deal through 2020/21 season |publisher=FC Barcelona |date=25 November 2017|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> On 7 January 2018, Messi made his 400th La Liga appearance with Barcelona in a 3–0 home win over Levante, marking the occasion with his 144th league assist and 365th league goal for the club, the latter of which saw him equal Gerd Müller's record for the most league goals scored for the same club in one of Europe's top five divisions.<ref name="Muller">{{cite web |url=http://www.beinsports.com/en/la-liga/news/messi-breaks-muller-goal-record/761806 |title=Messi breaks Muller goal record |publisher=beinsports.com |date=14 January 2018 |access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> A week later, he broke the record, scoring his 366th La Liga goal from a free kick in a 4–2 away win against [[Real Sociedad]].<ref name="Muller"/><br />
<br />
On 4 March, he scored his 600th senior career goal from a free kick in a 1–0 home win over Atlético Madrid, in La Liga.<ref>{{cite news |last=West |first=Andy |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/43279527 |title=Barcelona 1–0 Atlético Madrid |work=BBC Sport |date=4 March 2018 |access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> On 14 March, Messi scored his 99th and 100th Champions League goals in a 3–0 home win over Chelsea, becoming only the second player after Cristiano Ronaldo to reach this landmark, in fewer appearances, at a younger age and having taken fewer shots than his Portuguese counterpart.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/faster-and-younger-rival-ronaldo-magical-messis-100-champions-league-goals-opta-numbers |title=Faster and younger than rival Ronaldo – Magical Messi's 100 Champions League goals in Opta numbers |work=FourFourTwo |access-date=14 March 2018 |date=14 March 2018}}</ref> His opening goal, which came after only two minutes and eight seconds, was also the fastest of his career, as Barcelona advanced to the [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Quarter-finals|quarter-finals]] of the [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|competition]] for the eleventh consecutive season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/sports/la-sp-champions-league-messi-20180314-story.html |title=Lionel Messi scores 100th Champions League goal in Barcelona's 3–0 victory over Chelsea |work=Los Angeles Times |date=14 March 2018 |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> On 7 April, he scored a hat-trick in a 3–1 win over [[CD Leganés|Leganés]] including his sixth goal scored from a free-kick for the season, matching the record set by former teammate Ronaldinho.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sport-english.com/en/news/barca/lionel-messi-equals-the-record-of-ronaldinho-6741843 |title=Lionel Messi equals the record of Ronaldinho |publisher=Sport |last=Gimeno |first=Francesc J. |date=7 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> He once again finished the season as the top scorer in La Liga, with 34 goals, which also saw him win his fifth Golden Shoe award.<ref name="Messi5thGoldenShoe">{{cite web|date=20 May 2018|title=Messi Wins Fifth Golden Shoe After Winning Pichichi Trophy|url=https://www.goal.com/en/amp/news/messi-set-for-fifth-golden-shoe-after-winning-pichichi/16zqsqe8e9tr3187k929hjiwpt|access-date=20 May 2018|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> On 21 April, Messi scored Barcelona's second goal – his 40th of the season – in a 5–0 win over Sevilla in the [[2018 Copa del Rey Final]], later also setting up Suárez's second goal; this was Barcelona's fourth consecutive title and their 30th overall.<ref name="2018CdR">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/43845692 |title=Sevilla 0–5 Barcelona |work=[[BBC Sport]] |date=21 April 2018 |access-date=21 April 2018}}</ref> On 29 April, Messi scored a hat-trick in a 4–2 away win over Deportivo de La Coruña, which saw Barcelona claim their 25th league title.<ref name=deportivo>{{cite news |last=Abrahams |first=Timothy |title=Deportivo La Coruna 2–4 Barcelona |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/43928594 |access-date=29 April 2018 |work=BBC Sport |date=29 April 2018}}</ref> On 9 May, Messi scored as Barcelona defeated [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] 5–1 to set the [[Football records in Spain#Games without a loss|longest unbeaten streak]] (43 games) in La Liga history.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/match-archive/2017-2018/la-liga/round-34/fc-barcelona-vila-real-cf |title=FC Barcelona 5–1 Villarreal CF: Record breakers |work=FC Barcelona |access-date=21 June 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2018–19: Captain, 10th La Liga title, and a record sixth Golden Boot ====<br />
With the departure of former captain Andrés Iniesta in May 2018, Messi was named the team's new captain for the following [[2018–19 FC Barcelona season|season]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sport-english.com/en/news/barca/lionel-messi-will-be-barcelonas-next-captain-6781878 |title=Lionel Messi will be Barcelona's next captain |date=25 April 2018 |access-date=9 August 2018 |publisher=Sport}}</ref> On 12 August, he lifted his first title as Barcelona's captain, the [[2018 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], following a 2–1 victory over Sevilla. On 19 August, Messi scored twice in helping Barcelona defeat Alavés 3–0 in their first [[2018–19 La Liga|La Liga]] match of the season, with his first goal, a free kick that he rolled under the jumping Alavés wall, making history in being Barcelona's 6000th goal in La Liga.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.in/football/barcelona/story/3602570/lionel-messi-scores-barcelonas-6,000th-goal-in-la-liga |title=Lionel Messi scores Barcelona's 6,000th goal in La Liga |date=18 August 2018 |publisher=ESPN FC |access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> On 18 September, Messi scored a hat-trick in a 4–0 home win over [[PSV Eindhoven]] in Barcelona's opening [[2018–19 UEFA Champions League group stage#Group B|Champions League]] group stage match of the season, setting a new record for most hat-tricks in the competition, with eight.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/3638504/lionel-messis-eight-champions-league-hat-tricks-ranked-which-is-the-best |title=Lionel Messi's eight Champions League hat tricks ranked: Which is the best? |publisher=ESPN FC |first=Sam |last=Marsden |date=19 September 2018 |access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref> On 20 October, Messi scored in a 4–2 home win over Sevilla, but was later forced off in the 26th minute after falling awkwardly and injuring his right arm; tests later confirmed that he had fractured his radial bone, ruling him out for approximately three weeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2018-2019/messi-out-for-three-weeks-with-a-fractured-arm |title=Messi, out for three weeks with a fractured arm |work=FC Barcelona |date=20 October 2018 |access-date=21 October 2018}}</ref> On 8 December, Messi scored two free kicks – his ninth and tenth goals from set pieces during the calendar year – in a 4–0 away win over ''Derbi barceloní'' rivals Espanyol in La Liga; this was the first time ever that he had managed such a feat in the league. His first goal was also his 10th league goal of the season, making him the first player ever to reach double figures in La Liga for 13 consecutive seasons.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2018/dec/10/his-magnum-opus-even-for-lionel-messi-this-was-special |title='His Magnum opus': even for Lionel Messi, this was special |work=The Guardian |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=10 December 2018 |access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Lionel Messi vs Valladolid 3.jpg|thumb|243x243px|Messi taking a free-kick against [[Real Valladolid]] in August 2018]]<br />
On 13 January 2019, Messi scored his 400th La Liga goal in his 435th league appearance in a 3–0 home win over Eibar, becoming the first player ever to manage this tally in just one of Europe's top five leagues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46858269 |title=Barcelona 3–0 Eibar |work=BBC Sport |date=13 January 2019 |access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> On 2 February, Messi scored twice in a 2–2 draw against Valencia, with his first goal coming from the penalty spot, his 50th La Liga penalty goal; as such, he became only the third player in La Liga history after Cristiano Ronaldo and [[Hugo Sánchez]] to score 50 penalties in the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ie/news/messi-matches-ronaldo-penalty-milestone-as-barca-star-sets/1hi6mj9rbf3ar19i8fs1h6nezt |title=Messi matches Ronaldo penalty record with Valencia strike |publisher=Goal |date=2 February 2019 |access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> Later that month, the club admitted they had begun preparations for Messi's future retirement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47159671 |title=Lionel Messi: Barcelona president Josep Maria Bartomeu preparing the club for life without Argentine |date=7 February 2019 |work=BBC Sport |access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> On 23 February, Messi scored the 50th hat-trick of his career and also provided an assist for Suárez, as he helped Barcelona come from behind to achieve a 4–2 away victory over Sevilla in La Liga; the goal was also his 650th career goal for club and country at senior level.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47336146 |title=Sevilla 2–4 Barcelona |work=BBC Sport |date=23 February 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> On 16 April, Messi scored twice in a 3–0 home victory over Manchester United in the second leg of the [[2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Quarter-finals|Champions League quarter-finals]] to give Barcelona a 4–0 aggregate win, which saw Barcelona progress to the [[2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Semi-finals|semi-finals]] of the competition for the first time since 2015; these were also his first goals in the Champions League quarter-finals since 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47939085 |title=Barcelona 3–0 Manchester United |work=BBC Sport |last=Henry |first=Matthew |date=16 April 2019 |access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/apr/17/lionel-messi-manchester-united-barcelona |title=Lionel Messi's one-man show draws curtain on Manchester United dreams |work=The Guardian |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=17 April 2019 |access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 27 April, Messi came off the bench and scored the only goal in a 1–0 home win over Levante, which allowed Barcelona to clinch the league title;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/messi-helps-barcelona-clinch-spanish-league-title/2019/04/27/84f90fbe-692d-11e9-a698-2a8f808c9cfb_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427205444/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/messi-helps-barcelona-clinch-spanish-league-title/2019/04/27/84f90fbe-692d-11e9-a698-2a8f808c9cfb_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 April 2019 |title=Messi helps Barcelona clinch Spanish league title |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Joseph |last=Wilson |date=27 April 2019 |access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> this was his 450th La Liga appearance, and his first league title as Barcelona's captain.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2019/04/27/5cc42098ca4741e3088b4639.html |title=Messi adds to his numbers |newspaper=Marca |first=M. Carmen |last=Torres |date=27 April 2019 |access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2019/04/28/5cc5666be5fdea995f8b461b.html |title=Messi's first league title as captain |newspaper=Marca |date=28 April 2019 |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> On 1 May, Messi scored twice in a 3–0 home win over [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] in the first leg of the Champions League semi-finals; his second goal of the match, a 35-yard free kick, was the 600th senior club goal of his career, all of which had been scored with Barcelona.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/barcelona/story/3840584/barcelonas-lionel-messi-scores-600th-career-club-goal |title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi scores 600th career club goal |publisher=ESPN FC |date=May 2019 |access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> In the return leg six days later at [[Anfield]], Barcelona suffered a 4–0 away defeat, which saw Liverpool advance to the [[2019 UEFA Champions League Final|final]] 4–3 on aggregate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/liverpool-vs-barcelona/406466 |title=Liverpool 4–0 Barcelona (Agg: 4–3): Liverpool complete stunning comeback to reach Champions League final |publisher=Sky Sports |first=Gerard |last=Brand |date=8 May 2019 |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> On 19 May, in Barcelona's final La Liga match of the season, Messi scored twice in a 2–2 away draw against Eibar (his 49th and 50th goals of the season in all competitions), which saw him capture his sixth Pichichi Trophy as the league's top scorer, with 36 goals in 34 appearances; with six titles, he equalled Zarra as the player with the most top-scorer awards in La Liga.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/madrid-loses-last-match-of-season-to-forget/2019/05/19/12063c08-7a2f-11e9-b1f3-b233fe5811ef_story.html?noredirect=on |title=Messi hits 50 goals for Barca, Madrid ends season to forget |work=The Washington Post |last=Wilson |first=Joseph |date=19 May 2019 |access-date=22 May 2019}}{{dead link|date=June 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He also captured his sixth Golden Shoe award, and a record third consecutive award since the 2016–17 season.<ref name="SixthGoldenShoe">{{cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1225730/messi-wins-his-sixth-golden-shoe-award |title=Messi wins his sixth Golden Shoe award |publisher=FC Barcelona |date=24 May 2019 |access-date=25 May 2019}}</ref> On 25 May, Messi scored his final goal of the season in a 2–1 defeat to Valencia in the [[2019 Copa del Rey Final]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48367455 |title=Barcelona 1–2 Valencia |work=BBC Sport |last=Chowdhury |first=Saj |date=25 May 2019 |access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2019–20: A record sixth Ballon d'Or ====<br />
On 5 August 2019, it was announced that Messi would miss Barcelona's US tour after sustaining a right [[Calf (leg)|calf]] injury.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/lionel-messi-injury-barcelona-star-to-miss-usa-tour-with-calf-injury-just-ahead-of-la-liga-season/ |title=Lionel Messi injury: Barcelona star to miss USA tour with calf injury just ahead of La Liga season |work=CBS Sports |last=Gonzalez |first=Roger |date=5 August 2019 |access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref> On 19 August, Messi's chipped goal from the edge of the box against Real Betis was nominated for the [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019#FIFA Puskás Award|2019 FIFA Puskás Award]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/aug/20/fifa-puskas-award-2019-shortlist-billie-simpson-lionel-messi-andros-townsend |title=Fifa Puskás Award 2019: breakdown of the 10-strong shortlist |work=The Guardian |last=Omoigui |first=Nosa |date=20 August 2019 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> Later that month, he suffered another setback following the return of his calf injury, which ruled him out of the opening game of the season;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/lionel-messi/story/3927626/messi-ruled-out-vs-betis-after-injury-setback |title=Messi ruled out vs. Betis after injury setback |work=ESPN FC |last1=Llorens |first1=Moises |last2=Marsden |first2=Sam |date=24 August 2019 |access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref> as a result, he was sidelined indefinitely, and was only expected to return to action with Barcelona after the September international break.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2019/08/28/5d664da0ca4741fe4d8b461a.html |title=Messi won't return until after the international break |work=Marca |date=28 August 2019 |access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref> On 2 September, Messi was shortlisted as one of the three finalists for both the 2019 FIFA Puskás Award and the [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019#The Best FIFA Men's Player|2019 Best FIFA Men's Player Award]], with Messi winning the latter on 23 September.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/the-best-finalists-unveiled-in-milan |title=The Best finalists unveiled in Milan |publisher=FIFA.com |date=2 September 2019 |access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Messi FIFA2019"/><br />
<br />
[[File:Messi's Ballon d'Or.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Messi's six [[Ballon d'Or]] awards on display in the [[FC Barcelona Museum]]. His record sixth from 2019 is at the front.]]<br />
Messi made his first appearance of the [[2019–20 FC Barcelona season|season]] on 17 September, and on 6 October he scored his first goal of the season with a free kick in a 4–0 home win over Sevilla; this was his 420th goal in La Liga, which saw him break Cristiano Ronaldo's record of 419 goals scored in Europe's top five leagues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/07/football/barcelona-sevilla-inter-juventus-bayern-hoffenheim-spt-intl/index.html |title=Leo Messi breaks another record in Barca win; Juventus ends Inter's unbeaten run |publisher=CNN |last=Grez |first=Matias |date=7 October 2019 |access-date=7 October 2019}}</ref> On 23 October, Messi scored his first [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] goal of the season in a 2–1 away win over [[SK Slavia Prague|Slavia Prague]], becoming the first player to score in 15 consecutive Champions League seasons (excluding qualifying rounds).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49874450 |title=Slavia Prague 1–2 Barcelona |publisher=BBC Sport |date=23 October 2019 |access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref> He also equalled Raúl and Cristiano Ronaldo's shared record of the most sides scored against in the competition (33).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beinsports.com/us/uefa-champions-league/news/messi-sets-record-by-scoring-in-15th-successi/1327346 |title=Messi Sets Record By Scoring In 15th Successive Champions League Season |work=beIN Sports |date=23 October 2019 |access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref> On 29 October, Messi scored in a 5–1 home win over [[Real Valladolid]] in [[2019–20 La Liga|La Liga]]; his first goal – a set piece from 35 yards – was the 50th free-kick of his career.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-free-kick-goal-barcelona-ernesto-valverde-vs-real-valladolid-a9177116.html |title=Lionel Messi free-kick: Barcelona boss Ernesto Valverde 'out of words' after goal |work=The Independent |last=Hamdani |first=Adam |date=30 October 2019 |access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref> His goals (608) also saw him overtake Cristiano Ronaldo's senior goal tally (606) at club level.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/30/football/messi-barcelona-goals-ronaldo-valladolid-spt-intl/index.html |title=Messi eclipses Ronaldo's club goal tally after scoring twice for Barcelona |publisher=CNN |last=Ubha |first=Ravi |date=30 October 2019 |access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref> On 9 November, Messi scored three goals (including two free kicks) in a 4–1 home win against Celta Vigo. This was his 34th hat-trick in La Liga, equalling Cristiano Ronaldo's Spanish top-flight record.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi equals Cristiano Ronaldo LaLiga hat-trick record |url=https://en.as.com/en/2019/11/09/football/1573337486_715454.html |access-date=13 November 2019 |work=As}}</ref> On 27 November, in what was his 700th appearance for Barcelona, Messi scored one goal and assisted two more in a 3–1 home win over [[Borussia Dortmund]] in the UEFA Champions League. Dortmund were the 34th team he had scored against in the competition, breaking the previous record of 33 held by Cristiano Ronaldo and Raúl.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/27/football/lionel-messi-barcelona-spt-intl/index.html|title=Lionel Messi steals the show in his 700th Barcelona appearance|work=CNN International|last=Rech|first=Dominic|date=27 November 2019|access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref> On 2 December, Messi was awarded a record-breaking [[2019 Ballon d'Or|sixth Ballon d'Or]].<ref name=":0" /> On 8 December, Messi scored his record-breaking 35th hat-trick in La Liga with three goals in Barcelona's 5–2 home win over [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Messi's record breaking treble sends Barcelona top |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50692972 |access-date=8 December 2019 |agency=BBC}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 22 February 2020, Messi scored four goals in a 5–0 home win over Eibar in La Liga.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barcelona 5–0 Eibar: Lionel Messi scores four in thumping win|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51598759 |access-date=22 February 2020 |agency=BBC}}</ref> On 14 June, he scored in a 4–0 away win against Mallorca, becoming the first player ever in La Liga to score 20 goals or more in 12 consecutive seasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/06/14/football/1592118117_868100.html |title=Lionel Messi sets another LaLiga goalscoring record for Barcelona |publisher=AS.com |date=14 June 2020 |access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> On 30 June, he scored a [[Panenka (penalty kick)|panenka]] in a 2–2 home draw against Atlético Madrid in La Liga, to reach his 700th goal in his senior career for Barcelona and Argentina.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/barcelona/story/4113399/lionel-messi-reaches-700-goal-milestone-for-barcelona-and-argentina|title=Lionel Messi reaches 700-goal milestone for Barcelona and Argentina |work=ESPN|date=30 June 2020}}</ref> On 11 July, Messi provided his 20th assist of the league season for [[Arturo Vidal]] in a 1–0 away win over Real Valladolid, equalling Xavi's record of 20 assists in a single La Liga season from 2008 to 2009;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1721440/messi-equals-club-record-for-assists |title=Messi equals club record for assists |work=FC Barcelona |date=11 July 2020 |access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Henry">{{cite web |url=https://www.beinsports.com/au/laliga/video/messi-matches-henrys-mark-to-make-laliga-hist/1501648 |title=Messi matches Henry's mark to make LaLiga history |publisher=beIN SPORTS |date=11 July 2020 |access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> with 22 goals, he also became only the second player ever, after [[Thierry Henry]] in the [[2002–03 FA Premier League]] [[2002–03 Arsenal F.C. season|season with Arsenal]] (24 goals and 20 assists), to record at least 20 goals and 20 assists in a single league season in one of Europe's top–five leagues.<ref name="Henry"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/blog-espn-fc-united/story/4134777/stats-lionel-messi-second-to-20-+-20-cristiano-ronaldo-second-to-11-11 |title=Stats: Messi second to 20+20, Ronaldo second to 11/11 |work=ESPN.com |date=12 July 2020 |access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> Following his brace in a 5–0 away win against Alavés in the final match of the season on 20 May, Messi finished the season as both the top–scorer and top assist provider in La Liga, with 25 goals and 21 assists respectively, which saw him win his record seventh Pichichi trophy, overtaking Zarra; however, Barcelona missed out on the league title to Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thescore.com/esp_fed/news/1987681 |title=Messi stands alone after winning Pichichi award for 7th time |publisher=The Score |last=Nesci |first=Gianluca |date=19 July 2020 |access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref> On 9 August, in the [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League#Round of 16|Champions League round of 16]] second leg versus [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] at the Camp Nou, Messi scored the second goal and earned a penalty which led to a third goal and led his side to a 3–1 home victory and qualified 4–2 on aggregate for the [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League|quarter-finals]] against Bayern Munich.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona vs. Napoli score: Messi dazzles as Barca advance to Champions League quarterfinals|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/barcelona-vs-napoli-score-messi-dazzles-as-barca-advance-to-champions-league-quarterfinals/live/|access-date=26 August 2020|work=CBSSports}}</ref> On 15 August, Messi suffered his worst defeat as a player as [[FC Barcelona 2–8 FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich beat Barcelona 8–2]] in a one-off tie in [[Lisbon]], leading to another disappointing exit from the Champions League.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi's heaviest defeats: Barcelona's 8–2 loss to Bayern is star's worst by some way|url=https://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/lionel-messi-s-heaviest-defeats-barcelona-s-8-2-loss-to-bayern-is-star-s-worst-by-some-way-1.1063827|access-date=26 August 2020|work=The National|date=15 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== August 2020: Desire to leave Barcelona ====<br />
{{quote box<br />
| width = 33%<br />
| align = right<br />
| quote = “I wasn't happy and I wanted to leave. I have not been allowed this in any way and I will stay at the club so as not to get into a legal dispute. The management of the club led by [[Josep Maria Bartomeu|Bartomeu]] is a disaster. My love for Barca will never change."| source = – Messi on reversing his decision to leave Barcelona in an interview with [[Goal (website)|Goal]] on 4 September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title='My love for Barcelona will never change' – Messi underlines commitment to Catalans after reversing exit desire |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/my-love-for-barcelona-will-never-change-messi-underlines/mm00n04jmjiw13go3lf1ne1ks|access-date=4 September 2020|work=Goal}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
Following growing dissatisfaction with the direction of Barcelona on and off the field,<ref>{{cite news |title=The reasons why Messi wants to leave Barcelona|url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/08/26/football/1598428836_173128.html |access-date=22 September 2020 |newspaper=As}}</ref> Barcelona announced that Messi sent the club "a document expressing his desire to leave" on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 August 2020|title=Messi tells Barca he wants to leave, signaling end of era|url=https://apnews.com/141fb4432a0421bc942a7f87cfdeba6e|access-date=26 August 2020|work=AP NEWS}}</ref> The announcement garnered a significant media response, including from current and former teammates (who supported Messi's statement) and Catalan president [[Quim Torra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53913588|title=Lionel Messi: Social media reaction to Barcelona legend's transfer request|work=BBC Sport|access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref> On 26 August, Barcelona's sporting director Ramon Planes iterated the club's desire to "build a team around the most important player in the world"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53918659|title=Lionel Messi: Barcelona want to 'build team around most important player in the world'|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> and affirmed Messi will only be able to leave should a buyer pay his €700 million buyout clause; a reported early termination option available in Messi's contract (which would have allowed him to leave the club for free) could only be exercised if he had communicated his decision to Barcelona by 31 May 2020, although the player's representatives argued the deadline should be set to 31 August, due to the [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football|adjourned 2019–20 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/aug/25/lionel-messi-tells-barcelona-he-wants-to-leave-but-faces-legal-battle-over-clause|first=Sid|last=Lowe|title=Lionel Messi tells Barcelona he wants to leave but faces legal battle over clause|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=25 August 2020|access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref> On 30 August, [[La Liga]] issued a statement stating Messi's contract and buyout clause are still active.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nota informativa|url=https://www.laliga.com/noticias/nota-informativa-contrato-lionel-messi|access-date=30 August 2020|language=es}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 4 September, Jorge Messi, Lionel's father and agent, released a statement in response to La Liga claiming the release clause "is not valid when the termination of the contract is by the player's unilateral decision from the end of the 2019–20 season", as stated in Messi's contract with Barcelona;<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2020|title=Messi desmiente a LaLiga y sigue adelante: no hay cláusula de 700 millones|url=https://www.elmundo.es/deportes/futbol/primera-division/2020/09/04/5f5235af21efa0bd098b46d3.html|access-date=4 September 2020|work=El Mundo|language=es}}</ref> moments later, La Liga issued a response reiterating their statement published on 30 August.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nota informativa|url=https://www.laliga.com/noticias/nota-informativa-respuesta-al-entorno-de-leo-messi|date=4 September 2020|access-date=4 September 2020|language=es}}</ref> Later that evening, Messi announced in an interview with [[Goal (website)|Goal]] that he would continue at Barcelona for the final year of his contract. In the interview, Messi claimed to have informed Barcelona of his desire to leave multiple times, and club president [[Josep Maria Bartomeu]] said Messi could decide at the end of every season if he wanted to stay or leave, only for Bartomeu to refer to the release clause.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi breaks silence on Barcelona exit saga: 'The president did not keep his word' |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/messi-breaks-silence-barcelona-exit-saga-president-did-not/12u81b5iumt2d1tkqol18wpcxg|access-date=4 September 2020 |work=Goal}}</ref> This left Messi with two options: to stay or go to court against the club, with the player saying "I would never go to court against the club of my life".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi's Barcelona heartbreak revealed: From his son's tears, to refusing to go to trial – full truth behind 'brutal' transfer saga |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/messis-barcelona-heartbreak-revealed-from-his-sons-tears-to/1mpozogbymuza1fep1f6vv3oz2|access-date=4 September 2020 |work=Goal}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2020–21: Final season at Barcelona ====<br />
On 27 September, Messi began the [[2020–21 FC Barcelona season|2020–21 season]] by scoring a penalty in a 4–0 home win against Villarreal in La Liga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nemer|first=Roy|title=Lionel Messi scores for FC Barcelona in 4–0 win vs. Villarreal|url=https://mundoalbiceleste.com/2020/09/27/lionel-messi-scores-for-fc-barcelona-in-4-0-win-vs-villarreal/|work=Mundo Albiceleste|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> Two days prior to the opening game, he again criticised the club, this time for the manner of [[Luis Suárez]]'s departure, stating, "at this stage nothing surprises me any more".<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi takes fresh aim at Barcelona for 'throwing out' Luis Suárez |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/sep/25/lionel-messi-takes-fresh-aim-at-barcelona-for-throwing-out-luis-suarez |date=25 September 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> On 20 October, Messi scored a penalty in a 5–1 home victory against [[Ferencvárosi TC|Ferencváros]] in the Champions League, becoming the first player in history to score in sixteen consecutive Champions League seasons.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nemer|first=Roy|title=Lionel Messi scores, breaks three Champions League records in Barcelona win |url=https://mundoalbiceleste.com/2020/10/20/lionel-messi-scores-breaks-three-champions-league-records-in-barcelona-win/|date=20 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020|work=Mundo Albiceleste}}</ref> On 25 November, Messi was nominated for the [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2020|2020 Best FIFA Men's Player award]], and was later shortlisted as one of the final three candidates.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 November 2020|title=FIFA Best: Messi vs. Ronaldo rivalry resumes |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/barcelona/story/4244512/fifa-best-messi-vs-ronaldo-rivalry-resumes-as-mbappesalahneymarmane-join-stars-in-line-for-top-award|access-date=25 November 2020|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=11 December 2020|title=FIFA The Best: Messi, Ronaldo, Lewy nominated |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/uefa-champions-league/story/4260232/fifa-the-best-messironaldolewandowski-nominated-for-best-mens-player|access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> On 29 November, Messi scored his side's fourth goal in their 4–0 victory over Osasuna. After scoring, he unveiled a shirt of his former side [[Newell's Old Boys]], in tribute to Argentine compatriot [[Diego Maradona]], who had died four days earlier, and raised both hands to the screen showing Maradona's face in the stadium. The shirt was a number 10 replica of the same one Maradona had worn during his stint with the club in 1993.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barcelona 4–0 Osasuna: Lionel Messi pays tribute to Diego Maradona |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55123003 |date=29 November 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> On 17 December, Messi finished third in The Best FIFA Men's Player award behind [[Robert Lewandowski]] and Cristiano Ronaldo, and was included in the [[FIFPro#FIFA FIFPro Men's World11|FIFA FIFPro World XI]] for the fourteenth consecutive year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Leo Messi third in FIFA The Best award|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/1944711/leo-messi-third-in-fifa-the-best-award|date=17 December 2020|access-date=18 December 2020|publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 23 December, Messi scored his 644th goal for Barcelona against Real Valladolid in La Liga, surpassing [[Pelé]] with [[Santos FC|Santos]] as the player with the most goals scored for a single club.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi passes Pele for most goals with one club (VIDEO)|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2020/12/22/lionel-messi-most-goals-one-club-barcelona-pele-video|date=22 December 2020|access-date=23 December 2020 |work=Sports Illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/dec/22/european-roundup-lionel-messi-pele-record-barcelona-juventus-fiorentina-atletico-madrid |title=Lionel Messi breaks Pelé's record for goals at a single club |newspaper=The Guardian |date=23 December 2020 |access-date=23 December 2020}}</ref> In order to celebrate his achievement, [[Budweiser]] sent personalised bottles of beer to every goalkeeper whom Messi has scored against.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.givemesport.com/1631804-lionel-messi-which-goalkeepers-got-the-644-bottles-of-budweiser-beer |title=Lionel Messi: Which goalkeepers got the 644 bottles of Budweiser beer? |work=GiveMeSport |date=27 December 2020 |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> On 17 January 2021, Messi was [[Fouls and misconduct (association football)#Red card (dismissal)|sent off]] for the first time in his club career for violent conduct (swinging an arm at the head of [[Asier Villalibre]], missed initially by the referee but reviewed via [[Video assistant referee|VAR]]) in the final minutes of Barcelona's 2–3 extra time defeat to Athletic Bilbao in the [[2020–21 Supercopa de España Final]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55699322 |title=Lionel Messi sent off as Barcelona lose Spanish Super Cup to Athletic Bilbao|work=BBC Sport|date=17 January 2021|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref> On 10 March, Messi scored from 35 yards out and later had a penalty saved in a 1–1 draw against [[Paris Saint-Germain]] at the [[Parc des Princes]] in the second leg of the [[2020–21 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|Champions League round of 16]] as Barcelona were eliminated at this stage for the first time in 14 years by an aggregate score of 2–5 after having lost 1–4 at home on 16 February, with Messi scoring Barcelona's only goal in that game.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2021/03/10/psg-vs-barcelona-champions-league-round-16-live-score-latest/ |title=PSG survive Lionel Messi-inspired first-half fightback to knock Barcelona out of Champions League |work=The Telegraph |last=Dean |first=Sam |date=10 March 2021 |accessdate=11 March 2021}}</ref> On 15 March, Messi scored two goals in a 4–1 win against [[SD Huesca|Huesca]]. With the first goal, he became the first player in football history to score at least 20 goals in 13 consecutive seasons in the top 5 European leagues.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi reaches 20 league goals for the 13th season in a row |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/2069411/messi-reaches-20-league-goals-for-the-13th-season-in-a-row |date=16 March 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> On 21 March, he surpassed [[Xavi]]'s record to reach a club record of 768 appearances, in which he also scored a brace in a 6–1 away win against Real Sociedad.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leo Messi surpasses Xavi Hernández record |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/2069179/leo-messi-equals-xavi-hernandez-record |date=21 March 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> On 17 April, Messi scored twice as Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 4–0 in the [[2021 Copa del Rey Final]]. With his second goal, he broke [[Gerd Müller]]'s record of 30 plus goals in 12 consecutive club seasons, setting a new record of 13. With his 35th trophy with Barcelona, Messi also overtook former Manchester United winger [[Ryan Giggs]] as the most decorated footballer for a single club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi sets an utterly ridiculous record as he leads Barcelona to Copa Del Rey glory|url=https://www.caughtoffside.com/2021/04/17/lionel-messi-sets-an-utterly-ridiculous-record-as-he-leads-barcelona-to-copa-del-rey-glory/amp/|work=Caught Offside|accessdate=18 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tsn.ca/messi-nets-2-barcelona-beats-bilbao-4-0-to-win-copa-del-rey-1.1625290 |title=Lionel Messi nets two, Barcelona beats Athletic Bilbao to win Copa del Rey |publisher=TSN |date=17 April 2021 |access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref> On 16 May, Messi scored his 30th league goal of the campaign in a 1–2 home defeat against Celta Vigo, which later turned out to be his final goal and match in a Barcelona shirt.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Clark|first=Gill|date=2021-05-17|title=Koeman talks Lionel Messi's future after Barcelona lose to Celta Vigo|url=https://www.barcablaugranes.com/barcelona-la-liga/2021/5/17/22439288/koeman-talks-lionel-messis-future-after-barcelona-lose-to-celta-vigo|access-date=2021-08-07|work=Barca Blaugranes}}</ref><br />
<br />
The top goalscorer in La Liga, Messi was announced as the winner of the Pichichi trophy for a record eighth time in his career.<ref name="eighth" /> It was also his record fifth consecutive win in La Liga, surpassing [[Alfredo Di Stéfano]] and [[Hugo Sánchez]] who both had four for Real Madrid,<ref name="eighth">{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi wins record eighth Pichichi|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/lionel-messi-wins-record-eighth-085038035.html |access-date=27 May 2021 |agency=Yahoo}}</ref> and equalled former [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] striker [[Jean-Pierre Papin]]'s record of five consecutive league top scorer awards in the top five leagues of Europe.<br />
<br />
{{quote box<br />
| width = 33%<br />
| align = right<br />
| quote = "Leo wanted to stay and the Club wanted him to stay but with the La Liga rules it has not been possible. To comply with the league's fair play regulations we had to accept an agreement that mortgaged the Club's TV right for half a century and FC Barcelona is above everything else."<br />
| source = – Barcelona president [[Joan Laporta]] explains the reason behind Messi's departure.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joan Laporta explains the reasons for Leo Messi's departure|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/news/2208073/joan-laporta-explains-the-reasons-for-leo-messis-departure|access-date=2021-08-07|work=FC Barcelona}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
On 1 July, Messi became a free agent after his contract expired,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi officially becomes a free agent as superstar's Barcelona contract expires |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/messi-free-agent-barcelona-contract-expires/6oic4yrrw62d1mcffybvao1qi|work=Goal|first=Rubén|last=Uría|date=1 July 2021 |accessdate=1 July 2021}}</ref> with negotiations on a new deal complicated due to financial issues at Barcelona.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lionel Messi: Barcelona forward agrees contract extension with 50 per cent pay cut |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/12355747/lionel-messi-barcelona-forward-agrees-contract-extension-with-50-per-cent-pay-cut |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210714191249/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/12355747/lionel-messi-barcelona-forward-agrees-contract-extension-with-50-per-cent-pay-cut |date=14 July 2021 |location=United Kingdom |archive-date=14 July 2021 |work=Sky Sports |access-date=14 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 5 August, Barcelona announced that Messi would not be staying at the club, even though both parties reached an agreement and were due to sign a contract that day. The club cited financial and structural obstacles posed by La Liga regulations as a reason for Messi's departure.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lionel Messi 'shocked' and 'surprised' at Barcelona contract collapse |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/12374082/lionel-messi-shocked-and-surprised-at-barcelona-contract-collapse |archive-url=https://archive.is/Wph9D |date= |archive-date=6 Aug 2021 |work=Sky Sports|last1=Thomas |first1=Lyall |first2=Kaveh |last2=Solhekol}}</ref> Club president [[Joan Laporta]] also blamed the previous board for Messi's exit by saying "the basis of everything is the calamitous and disastrous situation left by the previous board", he added by saying "the expected debt is much higher and we had some sports contracts in place that meant we had no margin on salary".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saddened Barça president blames previous board and 'La Liga' for Messi's departure |url=https://www.elnacional.cat/en/sports/messi-departure-laporta-previous-barca-president-spanish-league_635267_102.html|access-date=2021-08-11|website=In English}}</ref> Three days later, in a tearful press conference held at the Camp Nou, Messi confirmed that he would be leaving Barcelona.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Barca fans 'devastated' at Messi exit, PSG fans 'waiting for a legend'|url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/sport/american-football/barca-fans-devastated-at-messi-exit-psg-fans-waiting-for-a-legend/ar-AAN6ELW|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Paris Saint-Germain ===<br />
<br />
==== 2021–22 ====<br />
On 10 August, Messi joined French club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi signs two-year Paris St-Germain deal after leaving Barcelona |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58163106 |access-date=10 August 2021 |work=BBC}}</ref> He signed a two-year deal until June 2023 with an option for an extra year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/cp-lionel-messi-psg-paris-saint-germain-mercato|title=Leo Messi signs for Paris Saint-Germain|website=PSG|date=10 August 2021}}</ref> Messi chose the number 30 jersey, the same number he wore as a teenager when he made his senior debut for Barcelona.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi shirt number revealed by PSG|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/lionel-messi-psg-shirt-number-transfer-b1900397.html |access-date=11 August 2021 |work=The Independent}}</ref><br />
<br />
== International career ==<br />
=== 2004–05: Success at youth level ===<br />
As a dual Argentine-Spanish national, Messi was eligible to play for the national team of both countries.<ref name="Burden">{{cite news |first=Jeff |last=Himmelman |title=The Burden of Being Messi |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 June 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/magazine/the-burden-of-being-messi.html |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> Selectors for Spain's Under-17 squad began pursuing him in 2003 after Barcelona's director of football, [[Carles Rexach]], alerted the Royal Spanish Football Federation to their young player. Messi declined the offer, having aspired to represent ''La Albiceleste'' since childhood. To further prevent Spain from taking him, the [[Argentine Football Association]] organised two under-20 friendlies in June 2004, against Paraguay and Uruguay, with the purpose of finalising his status as an Argentina player in [[FIFA]]. Five days after his 17th birthday, on 29 June, he made his debut for his country against Paraguay, scoring once and providing two assists in their 8–0 victory. He was subsequently included in the squad for the [[2005 South American U-20 Championship|South American Youth Championship]], held in Colombia in February 2005. As he lacked the stamina of his teammates, the result of his former growth hormone deficiency, he was used as a substitute in six of the nine games. After being named man of the match against Venezuela, he scored the winning 2–1 goal in the crucial last match against Brazil, thereby securing their third-place qualification for the [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|FIFA World Youth Championship]].{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=209–219}}<br />
<br />
Aware of his physical limitations, Messi employed a personal trainer to increase his muscle mass, returning to the squad in an improved condition in time for the World Youth Championship, hosted by the Netherlands in June. After he was left out of the starting line-up in their first match against the United States, a 1–0 defeat, the squad's senior players asked manager Francisco Ferraro to let Messi start, as they considered him their best player. After helping the team defeat Egypt and Germany to progress past the group stage, Messi proved decisive in the knockout phase as he scored their equaliser against Colombia, provided a goal and an assist against title favourites Spain, and scored their opening goal against reigning champions Brazil. Ahead of the final, he was awarded the [[FIFA U-20 World Cup#Awards|Golden Ball]] as the best player of the tournament. He scored two penalties in their 2–1 victory over Nigeria, clinching Argentina's fifth championship and finishing the tournament as top scorer with 6 goals.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=220–240}}<ref name="MagicMessi">{{cite web |title=Magic Messi Sparks High Drama in the Lowlands |publisher=FIFA |date=July 2005 |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2007/m=3/news=magic-messi-sparks-high-drama-the-lowlands-501784.html |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> His performances drew comparisons with compatriot [[Diego Maradona]], who had led Argentina to the [[1979 FIFA World Youth Championship|title in 1979]].<ref name="MagicMessi"/><br />
<br />
=== 2005–06: Senior and World Cup debuts ===<br />
In recognition of his achievements with the under-20 side, senior manager [[José Pékerman]] gave Messi his first call-up for a friendly against [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]] on 17 August. Aged 18, Messi made his senior debut for Argentina in the [[Ferenc Puskás Stadium (1953)|Ferenc Puskás Stadium]] when he came on in the 63rd minute, only to be sent off after two minutes for a perceived foul against [[Vilmos Vanczák]], who had grabbed his shirt; Messi had struck the defender with his arm while trying to shake him off, which the referee interpreted as an intentional elbowing, a contentious decision.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Vickery |title=Messi Handles 'New Maradona' Tag |work=BBC Sport |date=22 August 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_football/4172400.stm |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> Messi was reportedly found weeping in the dressing room after his sending-off.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi's Debut Dream Turns Sour |publisher=ESPN FC |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/339694/messis-debut-dream-turns-sour |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> He returned to the team on 3 September in their World Cup qualifier defeat to [[Paraguay national football team|Paraguay]], which he had declared his "re-debut" ahead of the match.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Tries Again as Argentina Face Paraguay |publisher=ESPN FC |date=2 September 2005 |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/preview?id=178848&cc=5739 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628224026/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/preview?id=178848&cc=5739 |archive-date=28 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Messi started his first game in the next qualifying match against [[Peru national football team|Peru]], in which he was able to win a crucial penalty that secured their victory. After the match, Pékerman described him as "a jewel".<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Is a Jewel Says Argentina Coach |publisher=ESPN FC |date=10 October 2005 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/345383/messi-is-a-jewel-says-argentina-coach |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> He subsequently made regular appearances for the team ahead of Argentina's participation in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]], scoring his first goal in a friendly against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] on 1 March 2006.<ref name="Century">{{cite web |first=Roberto |last=Mamrud |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Century of International Appearances |publisher=RSSSF |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> A hamstring injury sustained a week later jeopardised his presence in the World Cup, but he was nevertheless selected for Pékerman's squad and regained fitness in time for the start of the tournament.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Vickery |title=Messi Comes of Age |work=BBC Sport |date=5 June 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/teams/argentina/5047440.stm |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the World Cup in Germany, Messi witnessed their opening match victory against the [[Ivory Coast national football team|Ivory Coast]] from the substitutes' bench. In the next match, against [[Serbia and Montenegro national football team|Serbia and Montenegro]], he became the youngest player to represent Argentina at a [[FIFA World Cup]] when he came on as a substitute in the 74th minute. He assisted their fourth strike within minutes and scored the final goal in their 6–0 victory, making him the youngest scorer in the tournament and the sixth-youngest goalscorer in the history of the World Cup.<ref name="Argentina 6–0 Serbia & Montenegro">{{cite news |title=Argentina 6–0 Serbia & Montenegro |publisher=BBC Sport |date=16 June 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4853028.stm |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> As their progression to the knockout phase was secured, several starters were rested during the last group match. Messi consequently started the game against the [[Netherlands national football team|Netherlands]], a 0–0 draw, as they won their group on goal differential.<ref>{{cite news |title=Holland 0–0 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |date=21 June 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4853328.stm |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=470–471}} In the round of 16 match against [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]], played on his 19th birthday, Messi came on in the 84th minute, with the score tied at 1–1. He appeared to score a goal, but it was contentiously ruled [[Offside (association football)|offside]], with the team needing a late goal in extra time to proceed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina 2–1 Mexico (aet) |work=BBC Sport |date=24 June 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991492.stm |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=485–486}} He did not play in the quarter-final against Germany, during which Argentina were eliminated 4–2 in a penalty shootout.{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=492–493}} Back home, Pékerman's decision to leave him on the bench against Germany led to widespread criticism from those who believed Messi could have changed the outcome of the match in Argentina's favour.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=382–383}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentines Wonder Why Messi Sat Out |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2 July 2006 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/02/sports/02iht-wcargentina.2100484.html |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2007–08: Copa América final and Olympic gold ===<br />
[[File:Olymics final 2008.jpg|thumb|Messi evades Brazil's [[Marcelo (footballer, born 1988)|Marcelo]] in the semi-final of the [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Summer Olympics]] in Beijing, China]]<br />
<br />
As Messi evolved into one of the best players in the world, he secured a place in [[Alfio Basile]]'s starting line-up, as part of a team considered favourites to win the [[2007 Copa América]], held in Venezuela.<ref name="NotBest"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=384–387}} He set up the game-winning goal of their 4–1 victory over the [[United States national men's soccer team|United States]] in the opening match, before winning a penalty that led to the game-tying first strike of their 4–2 win in the next match against [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina into Last Eight of Copa |work=BBC Sport |date=3 July 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/internationals/6263888.stm |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tevez Nets in Argentina Victory |work=BBC Sport |date=29 June 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/internationals/6252156.stm |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> At the quarter-final stage, where the group winners faced Peru, he scored the second goal of a 4–0 victory that saw them through to the semi-final, during which he chipped the ball over Mexico's goalkeeper to ensure another 3–0 win.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=384–387}} In a surprise defeat, Argentina lost the final 3–0 to a [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] squad that lacked several of the nation's best players.<ref>{{cite news |title=Missing Some Stars, Brazil Wins Copa América |newspaper=The New York Times |date=16 July 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/16/sports/soccer/16soccer.html |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> Their unexpected loss was followed by much criticism in Argentina, though Messi was mostly exempt due to his young age and secondary status to star player [[Juan Román Riquelme]].{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=384–387}} He was named the best young player of the tournament by [[CONMEBOL]].{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=156}}<br />
<br />
Ahead of the [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Summer Olympics]], Barcelona legally barred Messi from representing Argentina at the tournament as it coincided with their Champions League qualifying matches.<ref>{{cite web |first=Brian |last=Homewood |title=Court Blocks Messi from Olympics Soccer |work=Reuters |date=6 August 2008 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-soccer-messi-idUSB29154520080806 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924134300/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/08/06/us-olympics-soccer-messi-idUSB29154520080806 |url-status=live}}</ref> After interference from newly appointed Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola, who had [[Football at the 1992 Summer Olympics|won the tournament in 1992]], Messi was permitted to join [[Sergio Batista]]'s under-23 squad in Beijing.{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=63–64}} During the first match, he scored the opening goal in their 2–1 victory over the [[Ivory Coast national under-23 football team|Ivory Coast]]. Following a 1–0 win in the next group match against [[Australia national under-23 soccer team|Australia]], ensuring their quarter-final qualification, Messi was rested during the game against Serbia, while his side won the match to finish first in their group. Against the Netherlands, he again scored the first goal and assisted a second strike to help his team to a 2–1 win in extra time. After a 3–0 semi-final victory over [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil]], Messi assisted the only goal in the final as Argentina defeated [[Nigeria national under-23 football team|Nigeria]] to claim [[Olympic medal|Olympic gold medals]].{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=436–437}} Along with Riquelme, Messi was singled out by FIFA as the stand-out player from the tournament's best team.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report and Statistics: Men's and Women's Olympic Football Tournaments Beijing 2008 |publisher=FIFA |page=21 |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/94/37/67/internetreportoly08v2.pdf |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2008–2011: Collective decline ===<br />
From late 2008, the national team experienced a three-year period marked by poor performances.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=384–387}} Under manager Diego Maradona, who had led Argentina to World Cup victory as a player, the team struggled to qualify for the [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010 World Cup]], securing their place in the tournament only after defeating [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] 1–0 in their last qualifying match. Maradona was criticised for his strategic decisions, which included playing Messi out of his usual position. In eight qualifying matches under Maradona's stewardship, Messi scored only one goal, netting the opening goal in the first such match, a 4–0 victory over [[Venezuela national football team|Venezuela]].<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} During that game, played on 28 March 2009, he wore Argentina's number 10 shirt for the first time, following the international retirement of Riquelme.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Chadband |title=Lionel Messi Can Achieve More at Barcelona than Diego Maradona |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=28 April 2009 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/5231676/Lionel-Messi-can-achieve-more-at-Barcelona-than-Diego-Maradona.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> Overall, Messi scored four goals in 18 appearances during the qualifying process.<ref name="Century"/> Ahead of the tournament, Maradona visited Messi in Barcelona to request his tactical input; Messi then outlined a 4–3–1–2 formation with himself playing behind the two strikers, a playmaking position known as the ''enganche'' in Argentine football, which had been his preferred position since childhood.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=155–156, 405–406}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Messi Copa America 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Messi in action during the opening match against Bolivia in the [[2011 Copa América]]]]<br />
<br />
Despite their poor qualifying campaign, Argentina were considered title contenders at the World Cup in South Africa. At the start of the tournament, the new formation proved effective; Messi managed at least four attempts on goal during their opening match but was repeatedly denied by [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]'s goalkeeper, resulting in a 1–0 win. During the next match, against [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]], he excelled in his playmaking role, participating in all four goals of his side's 4–1 victory. As their place in the knockout phase was guaranteed, most of the starters were rested during the last group match, but Messi reportedly refused to be benched.{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} He wore the captain's armband for the first time in their 2–0 win against [[Greece national football team|Greece]]; as the focal point of their play, he helped create their second goal to see Argentina finish as group winners.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rory |last=Smith |title=Greece 0 Argentina 2: Match Report |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=22 June 2010 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/news/7842201/Greece-0-Argentina-2-match-report.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Argentina were eliminated in the quarter-final against Germany, at the same stage of the tournament and by the same opponent as four years earlier. Their 4–0 loss was their worst margin of defeat at a World Cup since 1974.{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=564–567}} FIFA subsequently identified Messi as one of the tournament's 10 best players, citing his "outstanding" pace and creativity and "spectacular and efficient" dribbling, shooting and passing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Adidas Golden Ball Nominees Announced |publisher=FIFA |date=9 July 2010 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2010/m=7/news=adidas-golden-ball-nominees-announced-1270753.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> Back home, however, Messi was the subject of harsher judgement. As the perceived best player in the world, he had been expected to lead an average team to the title, as Maradona arguably [[1986 FIFA World Cup|did in 1986]], but he had failed to replicate his performances at Barcelona with the national team, leading to the accusation that he cared less about his country than his club.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}}<br />
<br />
Maradona was replaced by Sergio Batista, who had orchestrated Argentina's Olympic victory. Batista publicly stated that he intended to build the team around Messi, employing him as a [[Forward (association football)#False 9|false nine]] within a 4–3–3 system, as used to much success by Barcelona.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}}<ref name="NewRole">{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Cox |title=Lionel Messi Showing Some Promising Signs in a New Argentina Role |publisher=ESPN FC |date=13 November 2014 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/tactics-and-analysis/67/post/2144957/argentina-national-team-lionel-messi-showing-some-promising-signs-in-a-new-argentina-role |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> Although Messi scored a record 53 goals during the 2010–11 club season, he had not scored for Argentina in an official match since March 2009.<ref name="Matches 2010–11"/><ref name="Century"/> Despite the tactical change, his goal drought continued during the [[2011 Copa América]], hosted by Argentina. Their first two matches, against Bolivia and Colombia, ended in draws. Media and fans noted that he did not combine well with striker [[Carlos Tevez]], who enjoyed greater popularity among the Argentine public; Messi was consequently booed by his own team's supporters for the first time in his career. During the crucial next match, with Tevez on the bench, he gave a well-received performance, assisting two goals in their 3–0 victory over [[Costa Rica national football team|Costa Rica]]. After the quarter-final against Uruguay ended in a 1–1 draw following extra time, with Messi having assisted their equaliser, Argentina were eliminated 4–5 in the penalty shootout by the eventual champions.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}}<br />
<br />
=== 2011–2013: Assuming the captaincy ===<br />
[[File:Suisse vs Argentine - Granit Xhaka & Lionel Messi crop.jpg|thumb|upright|Messi scored his first international [[hat-trick]] against [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]] in February 2012.]]<br />
<br />
After Argentina's unsuccessful performance in the Copa América, Batista was replaced by [[Alejandro Sabella]]. Upon his appointment in August 2011, Sabella awarded the 24-year-old Messi the captaincy of the squad, in accord with then-captain [[Javier Mascherano]]. Reserved by nature, Messi went on to lead his squad by example as their best player, while Mascherano continued to fulfil the role of the team's on-field leader and motivator.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Hughes |title=If Messi Is Argentina's Star, Then Mascherano Is the Glue |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 July 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/sports/soccer/if-messi-is-argentinas-star-then-mascherano-is-the-glue.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> In a further redesign of the team, Sabella dismissed Tevez and brought in players with whom Messi had won the World Youth Championship and Olympic Games. Now playing in a free role in an improving team, Messi ended his goal drought by scoring during their first World Cup qualifying match against [[Chile national football team|Chile]] on 7 October, his first official goal for Argentina in two-and-a-half years.<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}}<br />
<br />
Under Sabella, Messi's goalscoring rate drastically increased; where he had scored only 17 goals in 61 matches under his previous managers, he scored 25 times in 32 appearances during the following three years.<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}} He netted a total of 12 goals in 9 games for Argentina in 2012, equalling the record held by [[Gabriel Batistuta]] for the most goals scored in a calendar year for their country.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mike |last=Adamson |title=Lionel Messi's Incredible Record-Breaking Year in Numbers |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 December 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/dec/10/lionel-messi-record-year-numbers |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> His first international hat-trick came in a friendly against [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]] on 29 February 2012, followed by two more hat-tricks over the next year-and-a-half in friendlies against Brazil and [[Guatemala national football team|Guatemala]]. Messi then helped the team secure their place in the [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014 World Cup]] with a 5–2 victory over Paraguay on 10 September 2013 when he scored twice from penalty kicks, taking his international tally to 37 goals to become Argentina's second-highest goalscorer behind Batistuta. Overall, he had scored a total of 10 goals in 14 matches during the qualifying campaign.<ref name="Century"/><ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA World Cup Qualifying: Paraguay 2 Argentina 5 |work=FourFourTwo |date=11 September 2013 |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/fifa-world-cup-qualifying-paraguay-2-argentina-5 |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> Concurrently with his bettered performances, his relationship with his compatriots improved, as he gradually began to be perceived more favourably in Argentina.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}}<br />
<br />
=== 2014–15: World Cup and Copa América finals ===<br />
[[File:Iran vs. Argentina match, 2014 FIFA World Cup 37.jpg|thumb|left|Messi watches his 25-yard curling strike hit the net against [[Iran national football team|Iran]] to win the game for Argentina in their second group game at the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]]]]<br />
Ahead of the World Cup in Brazil, doubts persisted over Messi's form, as he finished an unsuccessful and injury-plagued season with Barcelona. At the start of the tournament, however, he gave strong performances, being elected man of the match in their first four matches.<ref name="TechnicalReport">{{cite web |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil Technical Report and Statistics |publisher=FIFA |pages=170–171 |url=http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707023419/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> In his first World Cup match as captain, he led them to a 2–1 victory over [[Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]; he helped create [[Sead Kolašinac]]'s [[own goal]] and scored their second strike after a dribble past three players, his first World Cup goal since his debut in the tournament eight years earlier.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mandeep |last=Sanghera |title=Argentina 2–1 Bos-Herce |work=BBC Sport |date=15 June 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285099 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> During the second match against [[Iran national football team|Iran]], he scored an injury-time goal from {{convert|23|m|yd|disp=out|abbr=off}} out to end the game in a 1–0 win, securing their qualification for the knockout phase.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Smyth |title=Argentina v Iran, World Cup 2014: Live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=21 June 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10916423/Argentina-vs-Iran-World-Cup-2014-live.html |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> He scored twice in the last group match, a 3–2 victory over Nigeria, his second goal coming from a free kick, as they finished first in their group.<ref>{{cite news |first=Saj |last=Chowdhury |title=Nigeria 2–3 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |date=25 June 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Messi assisted a late goal in extra time to ensure a 1–0 win against Switzerland in the round of 16, and played in the 1–0 quarter-final win against [[Belgium national football team|Belgium]] as Argentina progressed to the semi-final of the World Cup for the first time since [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Jurejko |title=Argentina 1–0 Switzerland |work=BBC Sport |date=1 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27990606 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Ferris |title=Argentina Beat Belgium to Reach First Semi since 1990 |work=Reuters |date=5 July 2014 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-world-m60-arg-bel-idINKBN0FA0PA20140705 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Following a 0–0 draw in extra time, they eliminated the Netherlands 4–2 in a penalty shootout to reach the final, with Messi scoring his team's first penalty.<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Netherlands 0–0 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |date=9 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28122293 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Messi in Germany and Argentina face off in the final of the World Cup 2014 -2014-07-13 (24).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Messi battles Germany's [[Mats Hummels]] for the ball during the [[2014 FIFA World Cup Final|final]] of the 2014 FIFA World Cup]]<br />
<br />
Billed as Messi versus Germany, the world's best player against the best team, the [[2014 FIFA World Cup Final|final]] was a repeat of the [[1990 FIFA World Cup Final|1990 final]] featuring Diego Maradona.<ref>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Futterman |title=The World Cup Final: The Best Team vs. the Best Player |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=11 July 2014 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-world-cup-final-the-best-team-vs-the-best-player-1405115575 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Within the first half-hour, Messi had started the play that led to a goal, but it was ruled offside. He missed several opportunities to open the scoring throughout the match, in particular at the start of the second half when his breakaway effort went wide of the far post. Substitute [[Mario Götze]] finally scored in the 113th minute, followed in the last minute of extra time by a free kick that Messi sent over the net, as Germany won the match 1–0 to claim the World Cup.<ref>{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Murray |title=World Cup Final 2014: Germany v Argentina – as It Happened |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 July 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/13/world-cup-final-2014-germany-v-argentina-live-report |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> At the conclusion of the final, Messi was awarded the [[FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Golden Ball]] as the best player of the tournament. In addition to being the joint third-highest goalscorer, with four goals and an assist, he created the most chances, completed the most dribbling runs, made the most deliveries into the penalty area and produced the most throughballs in the competition.<ref name="TechnicalReport"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Adam |last=Bate |title=World Cup Final: Was Lionel Messi Really a Disappointment in Brazil or Have We Just Become Numb to His Genius? |publisher=Sky Sports |date=16 July 2014 |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/15241/9381511/world-cup-final-was-lionel-messi-really-a-disappointment-in-brazil-or-have-we-just-become-numb-to-his-genius |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> However, his selection drew criticism due to his lack of goals in the knockout round; FIFA President [[Sepp Blatter]] expressed his surprise, while Maradona suggested that Messi had undeservedly been chosen for marketing purposes.<ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup 2014: Lionel Messi Golden Ball Surprised Sepp Blatter |work=BBC Sport |date=14 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28294339 |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Another final appearance, the third of Messi's senior international career, followed in the [[2015 Copa América]], held in Chile. Under the stewardship of former Barcelona manager Gerardo Martino, Argentina entered the tournament as title contenders due to their second-place achievement at the World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gerardo 'Tata' Martino Appointed Argentina Coach |publisher=CNN |date=13 August 2014 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/13/sport/football/gerardo-tata-martino-argentina-football/ |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Rex |last1=Gowar |first2=Santiago |last2=Torres |first3=Justin |last3=Palmer |title=Messi Bemoans Scoring Difficulties at Copa América |work=Reuters |date=29 June 2015 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-copa-argentina-idUSKCN0P91I820150629 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702070537/https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/29/us-soccer-copa-argentina-idUSKCN0P91I820150629 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the opening match against Paraguay, they were ahead two goals by half-time but lost their lead to end the match in a 2–2 draw; Messi had scored from a penalty kick, netting his only goal in the tournament.<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina 2–2 Paraguay |work=BBC Sport |date=13 June 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33081605 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Following a 1–0 win against defending champions Uruguay, Messi earned his [[List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps|100th cap]] for his country in the final group match, a 1–0 win over [[Jamaica national football team|Jamaica]], becoming only the fifth Argentine to achieve this milestone.<ref name="100thCap">{{cite web |first1=Gideon |last1=Long |first2=Tony |last2=Jimenez |title=Messi Wins 100th Argentina Cap |work=Reuters |date=21 June 2015 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-copa-messi-idINKBN0P106720150621 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> In his 100 appearances, he had scored a total of 46 goals for Argentina, 22 of which came in official competitive matches.<ref name="Century"/><ref name="100thCap"/><br />
<br />
As Messi evolved from the team's symbolic captain into a genuine leader, he led Argentina to the knockout stage as group winners.<ref name="Hostile">{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Wilson |title=Even Hostile Chile Fans Forced to Acknowledge Lionel Messi's Greatness |newspaper=The Guardian |date=1 July 2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/01/lionel-messi-copa-america-argetina-greatness |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> In the quarter-final, they created numerous chances, including a rebound header by Messi, but were repeatedly denied by Colombia's goalkeeper, and ultimately ended the match scoreless, leading to a 5–4 penalty shootout in their favour, with Messi netting his team's first spot kick.<ref>{{cite web |title=Argentina Beat Colombia on Penalties to Reach Copa America Semifinal |publisher=ESPN FC |date=26 June 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/match/424362/argentina-colombia/report |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> At the semi-final stage, Messi excelled as a playmaker as he provided three assists and helped create three more goals in his side's 6–1 victory over Paraguay, receiving applause from the initially hostile crowd.<ref name="Hostile"/> Argentina started the [[2015 Copa América Final|final]] as the odds-on title favourites, but were defeated by Chile 4–1 in a penalty shootout after an 0–0 extra-time draw. Faced with aggression from opposing players, including taking a boot to the midriff, Messi played below his standards, though he was the only Argentine to successfully convert his penalty.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Wilson |title=Hosts Chile Stun Argentina to Claim First Copa América Title on Penalties |newspaper=The Guardian |date=5 July 2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/05/chile-argentina-copa-america-final-match-report |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> At the close of the tournament, he was reportedly selected to receive the [[2015 Copa América#Awards|Most Valuable Player]] award but rejected the honour.<ref>{{cite web |first=Adriana |last=Garcia |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi Grateful for Support after Copa América Defeat |publisher=ESPN FC |date=7 July 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/story/2514749/lionel-messi-grateful-for-support-after-copa-america-defeat |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> As Argentina continued a trophy drought that began in 1993, the World Cup and Copa América defeats again brought intense criticism for Messi from Argentine media and fans.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ken |last=Ferris |title=Coach: I'd Have Stopped Playing for Argentina if I Was Messi |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 August 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2015/08/05/sports/soccer/05reuters-soccer-argentina-messi.html?ref=topics |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2016–17: Third Copa América final, retirement, and return ===<br />
Messi's place in Argentina's [[Copa América Centenario]] squad was initially put in jeopardy when he sustained a back injury in a 1–0 friendly win over [[Honduras national football team|Honduras]] in a pre-Copa América warm-up match on 27 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.us/report?gameId=448440 |title=Lionel Messi leaves Argentina's friendly win vs. Honduras with back injury |publisher=ESPN FC |date=27 May 2016 |access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref> It was later reported that he had suffered a deep bruise in his lumbar region. He was later left on the bench in Argentina's 2–1 opening win over defending champions Chile on 6 June due to concerns regarding his fitness.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/07/argentina-top-chile-in-rematch-of-last-years-copa-america-final |title=Argentina top Chile in rematch of last year's Copa América final |work=The Guardian |date=7 June 2016 |access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref> Although Messi was declared match-fit for his nation's second group match against [[Panama national football team|Panama]] on 10 June, Martino left him on the bench once again; he replaced [[Augusto Fernández]] in the 61st minute and subsequently scored a hat-trick in 19 minutes, also starting the play which led to [[Sergio Agüero]]'s goal, as the match ended in a 5–0 victory, sealing Argentina's place in the quarter-finals of the competition;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/10/lionel-messi-hat-trick-argentina-panama-copa-america |title=Lionel Messi scores brilliant hat-trick as Argentina surge into quarter-finals |work=The Guardian |date=11 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> he was elected man of the match for his performance.<ref name=MOTM-ARG-PAN>{{cite web |url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/16 |title=Match 16 : Argentina vs Panama |publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]] |date=10 June 2016|access-date=10 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609183110/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/16 |archive-date=9 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="Did it annoy me that Messi took the record? A little, yes. You go around the world and people say, 'he's the top scorer for the Argentina national team.' But the advantage I have is that I'm second to an extraterrestrial."|source=– [[Gabriel Batistuta]] on the consolation of Messi breaking his record.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/argentina/story/3268110/gabriel-batistuta-lionel-messi-taking-my-argentina-record-annoyed-me |title=Gabriel Batistuta – Lionel Messi taking my Argentina record annoyed me |agency=ESPN |first=Adriana |last=Garcia |date=13 November 2017 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref>}}<br />
On 18 June, in the quarter-final of the Copa América against Venezuela, Messi produced another man of the match performance,<ref name=MOTM-ARG-VEN>{{cite web |url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/27 |title=Match 27 : Argentina vs Venezuela |publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]] |date=18 June 2016 |access-date=18 June 2016 |df={{cbignore}}}}</ref> assisting two goals and scoring another in a 4–1 victory, which enabled him to equal Gabriel Batistuta's national record of 54 goals in official international matches.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36569759 |title=Copa America: Lionel Messi equals Gabriel Batistuta's Argentina record |date=19 June 2016 |access-date=19 June 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> This record was broken three days later when Messi scored a free kick in a 4–0 semi-final win against hosts the United States; he also assisted two goals during the match as Argentina sealed a place in the final of the competition for a second consecutive year,<ref name="record">{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi equals Argentina's all-time goal-scoring record |url=http://www.espnfc.com/argentina/story/2897489/lionel-messi-equals-argentinas-gabriel-batistuta-all-time-goal-scoring-record |work=ESPN FC |date=22 June 2016 |access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref> and was named man of the match once again.<ref name=MOTM-USA-ARG>{{cite web |url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/29 |title=Match 29 : United States vs Argentina |publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]] |date=21 June 2016|access-date=21 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618001954/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/29 |archive-date=18 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
During a repeat of the previous year's [[Copa América Centenario Final|final]] on 26 June, Argentina once again lost to Chile on penalties after a 0–0 deadlock, resulting in Messi's third consecutive defeat in a major tournament final with Argentina, and his fourth overall. After the match, Messi, who had missed his penalty in the shootout, announced his retirement from international football.<ref name="Messi retirement">{{cite news |date=27 June 2016 |title=Lionel Messi retires from Argentina after Copa America final loss to Chile |url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/story/2902891/lionel-messi-flags-potential-argentina-retirement-after-penalty-loss-to-chile |work=ESPN FC}}</ref> He stated, "I tried my hardest. The team has ended for me, a decision made."<ref>{{cite news |date=27 June 2016 |title=Devastated Messi announces likely retirement from Argentina |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/27/football/copa-america-lionel-messi/ |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Chile coach [[Juan Antonio Pizzi]] said after the match, "My generation can't compare him to Maradona that's for my generation, because of what Maradona did for Argentine football. But I think the best player ever played today here in the United States."<ref>{{cite news |date=26 June 2016 |title=Lionel Messi says his Argentina career is over after Copa América final defeat |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/27/lionel-messi-says-he-is-quitting-argentina-team-after-copa-america-final-defeat |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Messi finished the tournament as the second highest scorer, behind [[Eduardo Vargas]], with five goals, and was the highest assist provider with four assists, also winning more [[Copa América Centenario statistics#Man of the Match|Man of the Match awards]] than any other player in the tournament (3);<ref name="conmebol-stats">{{Cite web|url=http://estadisticas.conmebol.com/html/v3/index.html?channel=deportes.futbol.copaamerica.statsCenterPerPlayer&lang=es_LA|title=HTML Center|website=estadisticas.conmebol.com|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> he was named to the [[Copa América Centenario#Awards|team of the tournament]] for his performances, but missed out on the Golden Ball Award for best player, which went to [[Alexis Sánchez]].<ref name="Copa América 2016: Awards">{{cite web |title=Copa América 2016: Awards |publisher=Copa America Organisation |date=27 June 2016 |url=http://www.ca2016.com/awards |access-date=27 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following his announcement, a campaign began in Argentina for Messi to change his mind about retiring.<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina don't want Messi to retire |agency=Sky Sports |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12026/10327302/argentina-hope-lionel-messi-reconsiders-retirement-says-guillem-balague |date=28 June 2016}}</ref> He was greeted by fans with signs like "Don't go, Leo" when the team landed in Buenos Aires. [[President of Argentina]] [[Mauricio Macri]] urged Messi not to quit, stating, "We are lucky, it is one of life's pleasures, it is a gift from God to have the best player in the world in a footballing country like ours... Lionel Messi is the greatest thing we have in Argentina and we must take care of him."<ref>{{cite news |title=Messi 'God's gift' to Argentina – president |newspaper=AS |url=http://en.as.com/en/2016/06/28/football/1467141271_384638.html |date=28 June 2016}}</ref> Mayor of Buenos Aires [[Horacio Rodríguez Larreta]] unveiled a statue of Messi in the capital to convince him to reconsider retirement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Inauguran en Buenos Aires una estatua en homenaje a Messi |newspaper=El Mundo Deportivo (Spanish) |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/20160628/402829485468/inauguran-en-buenos-aires-estatua-en-homenaje-a-messi.html |date=28 June 2016}}</ref> The campaign also continued in the streets and avenues of the Argentine capital, with about 50,000 supporters going to the [[Obelisco de Buenos Aires]] on 2 July, using the same slogan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Macri, Maradona and the Argentine people rally together to prompt Messi U-turn |work=Sport |url=http://www.sport-english.com/en/news/world-football/macri-maradona-and-the-argentine-people-rally-together-prompt-messi-u-turn-5234915 |date=28 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Return ====<br />
{{Quote box|quote="A lot of things went through my mind on the night of the final and I gave serious thought to quitting, but my love for my country and this shirt is too great."|source=– Messi reversing his decision from retiring on 12 August 2016<ref>{{cite news |date=12 August 2016 |title=Lionel Messi: Argentina striker reverses decision to retire from national team |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37066033}}</ref>|align=left|width=30%}}<br />
<br />
Just a week after Messi announced his international retirement, Argentine newspaper ''[[La Nación]]'' reported that he was reconsidering playing for Argentina at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers]] in September.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gonzalez |first=Roger |title=La Nacion claims to know that Lionel Messi will return to Argentina national team |url=http://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/report-friend-of-messi-hints-reconsidering-retirement-from-argentina/ |work=[[CBSSports.com]] |date=3 July 2016 |access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> On 12 August, it was confirmed that Messi had reversed his decision to retire from international football, and he was included in the squad for the national team's upcoming 2018 World Cup qualifiers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.us/argentina/story/2928133/lionel-messi-to-make-argentina-return-after-brief-international-retirement |title=Lionel Messi to make Argentina return after brief international retirement |publisher=ESPN FC |date=12 August 2016 |access-date=13 August 2016}}</ref> On 1 September, in his first game back, he scored in a 1–0 home win over Uruguay in a 2018 World Cup qualifier.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beinsports.com/en/world-cup-qualifiers/news/messi-strikes-back-as-argentina-sink-uruguay/328680 |title=Messi strikes back as Argentina sink Uruguay |publisher=beIN SPORTS |date=1 September 2016 |access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:ECUADOR VS ARGENTINA (37594548472).jpg|thumb|right|Messi celebrates his hat-trick against [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]] on 10 October 2017. His goals sent Argentina through to the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]] in Russia.]]<br />
<br />
On 28 March 2017, Messi was suspended for four international games for insulting an assistant referee in a game against Chile on 23 March 2017. He was also fined CHF 10,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi suspended for four matches |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2017/m=3/news=lionel-messi-suspended-for-four-matches-2877817.html |publisher=FIFA |date=28 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi: Barcelona and Argentina forward banned for 'insulting' assistant ref |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39423000 |work=BBC Sport |date=28 March 2017}}</ref> On 5 May, Messi's four match ban as well as his 10,000 CHF fine was lifted by [[FIFA]] after Argentina Football Association appealed against his suspension, which meant he could now play Argentina's remaining World Cup Qualifiers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.fifa.com/governance/news/y=2017/m=5/news=fifa-appeal-committee-passes-decision-on-lionel-messi-2882666.html |title=FIFA Appeal Committee passes decision on Lionel Messi |last=FIFA.com |date=5 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA|access-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> Argentina's place in the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]] was in jeopardy going into their final qualifying match as they were sixth in their group, outside the five possible CONMEBOL World Cup qualifying spots, meaning they risked failing to qualify for the World Cup for the first time since 1970. On 10 October, Messi led his country to World Cup qualification in scoring a hat-trick as Argentina came from behind to defeat [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]] 3–1 away; Argentina had not defeated Ecuador in [[Quito]] since 2001.<ref name="Guardian 2017" /> Messi's three goals saw him become the joint all-time leading scorer in CONMEBOL World Cup qualifiers with 21 goals, alongside Uruguay's [[Luis Suárez]], overtaking the previous record which was held by compatriot [[Hernán Crespo]].<ref name="Guardian 2017">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/oct/11/lionel-messi-hat-trick-secures-argentinas-passage-to-world-cup |title=Lionel Messi hat-trick secures Argentina's passage to World Cup |work=The Guardian |date=11 October 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2018: World Cup ===<br />
{{quote box|width=30%|align=left|quote="The squad is the worst in their history. Even having the best player in the world was not capable of creating a competitive team. All the decline of recent times was hidden by this unrivalled genius [Messi]"|source=– Former Argentine player [[Osvaldo Ardiles]] on the decline in quality of Argentina being masked by Messi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina: World Cup squad is the 'worst in their history' says Ossie Ardiles |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44575673?isBumped=0&postFreq=0&isEmpty=0&isProfane=0&tooLong=0&charCount=0&isAwaitingProcessPreMod=0&isSubmitted=1&filter=none&initial_page_size=10&postId=130889060 |agency=BBC |access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref>}}<br />
Following on from their poor qualification campaign, expectations were not high going into the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]], with the team, without an injured Messi, losing 6–1 to Spain in March 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Spain 6–1 Argentina |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/43549056 |agency=BBC Sport |date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Messi: 'Now or Never' for His Argentina Generation to Win World Cup |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2018/03/27/lionel-messi-reveals-personal-world-cup-regrets-and-admits-argentina-not-contenders-2018 |agency=Sports Illustrated |date=1 July 2018}}</ref> Prior to Argentina's opener, there was speculation in the media over whether this would be Messi's final World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/argentina/story/3527894/lionel-messi-argentinas-results-will-decide-if-this-is-my-last-world-cup |title=Lionel Messi: Argentina's results will decide if this is my last World Cup |publisher=ESPN FC |first=Jeff |last=Carlisle |date=15 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> In the team's opening group match against [[Iceland national football team|Iceland]] on 16 June, Messi missed a potential match-winning penalty in an eventual 1–1 draw.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44422188 |title=Argentina 1–1 Iceland |work=BBC Sport |first=Chris |last=Bevan |date=16 June 2018 |access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> In Argentina's second game on 21 June, the team lost 3–0 to [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]]. Post-match the Argentina coach [[Jorge Sampaoli]] spoke of the lack of quality in the team surrounding Messi, saying "we quite simply couldn't pass to him to help him generate the situations he is used to. We worked to give him the ball but the opponent also worked hard to prevent him from getting the ball. We lost that battle".<ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup 2018: Argentina 'cloud Lionel Messi's brilliance', says coach Jorge Sampaoli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44567336 |agency=BBC |date=22 June 2018}}</ref> Croatia captain and midfielder [[Luka Modrić]] also stated post match, "Messi is an incredible player but he can't do everything alone."<ref>{{cite news |title=Luka Modric defends Messi: 'He can't do everything by himself' |url=https://tribuna.com/fcbarcelona/en/news/2785441/ |work=Tribuna |date=22 June 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Messi vs Nigeria1.jpg|thumb|right|Messi celebrates his goal against [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.]]<br />
In Argentina's final group match against Nigeria at the [[Krestovsky Stadium]], Saint Petersburg on 26 June, Messi scored the opening goal in an eventual 2–1 victory, becoming the third Argentine after Diego Maradona and Gabriel Batistuta to score in three different World Cups; he also became the first player to score in the World Cup in his teens, twenties, and his thirties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/sports/world-cup/argentina-vs-nigeria-messi.html |title=Relief for Argentina and Lionel Messi After World Cup Thriller |work=The New York Times |first=Andrew |last=Das |date=26 June 2018 |access-date=26 June 2018}}</ref> A goal of the tournament contender, Messi received a long pass from midfield and controlled the ball on the run with two touches before striking it across goal into the net with his weaker right foot.<ref>{{cite news |title='The boy is back in town' – stunning Messi goal gives Argentina lead |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44620631 |agency=BBC |date=26 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hyundai Goal of the Tournament |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/videos/goal-of-the-tournament/ |access-date=5 November 2018 |agency=FIFA.com}}</ref> He was later awarded Man of the Match.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/russia2018/matches/match/300331519/#motm |title=Nigeria v Argentina – Man of the Match |work=FIFA |date=26 June 2018 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> Argentina progressed to the second round as group runners-up behind Croatia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria 1 – 2 Argentina |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44439263 |agency=BBC |last=Skelton |first=Jack |date=26 June 2018}}</ref> In the round of 16 match against eventual champions [[France national football team|France]] on 30 June, Messi set up [[Gabriel Mercado]]'s and Sergio Agüero's goals in a 3–4 defeat, which saw Argentina eliminated from the World Cup.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/43976007 |title=France 4–3 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |first=Emlyn |last=Begley |date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> With his two assists in his team's second round fixture, Messi became the first player to provide an assist in the last four World Cups, and also became the first player to provide two assists in a match for Argentina since Diego Maradona had managed the same feat against South Korea in 1986.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/messi-ronaldo-bow-out-in-dramatic-knockout-openers |title=Messi, Ronaldo bow out in dramatic knockout openers |publisher=FIFA |date=30 June 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/world-cup/news/cristiano-ronaldo-vs-lionel-messi-at-the-2018-world-cup-argentina-and-portugal-eliminated/ |title=Cristiano Ronaldo vs. Lionel Messi at the 2018 World Cup: Argentina and Portugal eliminated |work=CBS Sports |first=Kevin |last=Skiver |date=1 July 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the tournament, Messi stated that he would not participate in Argentina's friendlies against Guatemala and Colombia in September, and commented that it would be unlikely that he would represent his nation for the remainder of the calendar year. Messi's absence from the national team and his continued failure to win a title with Argentina prompted speculation in the media that Messi might retire from international football once again.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina/story/3597316/lionel-messi-unlikely-for-argentina-duties-for-rest-of-year |title=Lionel Messi unlikely for Argentina duties for rest of year – sources |publisher=ESPN FC |date=14 August 2018 |access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> In March 2019, however, he was called up to the Argentina squad once again for the team's friendlies against Venezuela and [[Morocco national football team|Morocco]] later that month.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/mar/07/lionel-messi-returns-to-argentina-squad-for-first-time-since-world-cup |title=Lionel Messi returns to Argentina squad for first time since World Cup |work=The Guardian |date=7 March 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019}}</ref> He made his international return on 22 March, in a 3–1 friendly defeat to Venezuela, in Madrid.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47662363 |title=Argentina 1–3 Venezuela |work=BBC Sport |date=22 March 2019 |access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2019–20: Copa América third-place, suspension and Superclásico victory===<br />
On 21 May, Messi was included in [[Lionel Scaloni]]'s final 23-man Argentina squad for the [[2019 Copa América]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2019/05/21/argentina-copa-america-squad-roster-messi-aguero-dybala-scaloni |title=Messi Leads Argentina's Copa America Squad; Icardi Omitted |work=Sports Illustrated |first=Avi |last=Creditor |date=21 May 2019 |access-date=21 May 2019}}</ref> In Argentina's second group match of the tournament on 19 June, Messi scored the equalising goal from the penalty spot in a 1–1 draw against Paraguay.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/argentina-draws-with-paraguay-1-1-in-copa-america/2019/06/19/d3705b18-9306-11e9-956a-88c291ab5c38_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620030856/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/argentina-draws-with-paraguay-1-1-in-copa-america/2019/06/19/d3705b18-9306-11e9-956a-88c291ab5c38_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 June 2019 |title=Argentina draws with Paraguay 1–1 in Copa America |work=The Washington Post |date=19 June 2019 |access-date=20 June 2019}}</ref> After coming under criticism in the media over his performance following Argentina's 2–0 victory over Venezuela in the quarter-finals at the Maracanã Stadium on 28 June, Messi commented that it had not been his best Copa América, while also criticising the poor quality of the pitches.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tsn.ca/messi-admits-not-playing-well-for-argentina-at-copa-america-1.1330224 |title=Messi admits not playing well for Argentina at Copa America |publisher=TSN |date=28 June 2019 |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> Following Argentina's 2–0 defeat to hosts Brazil in the semi-finals on 2 July, Messi was critical of the refereeing during the match,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beinsports.com/au/copa-america/news/messi-blasts-bulls-refereeing/1233003 |title=Messi blasts 'bulls***' refereeing |work=beIN Sports |date=3 July 2019 |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Lionel Messi's corruption claim dismissed by Copa América organisers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jul/06/lionel-messi-controversial-red-card-argentina-chile-match-report |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210613141928/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jul/06/lionel-messi-controversial-red-card-argentina-chile-match-report |date=6 July 2019 |archive-date=13 June 2021 |work=Press Association |via=The Guardian |access-date=13 June 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> and alleged the competition was "setup" for Brazil to win.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Argentina's Rodrigo de Paul: 'Messi surprised me. He enjoys a song, cards' |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210611152256/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jun/11/argentinas-rodrigo-de-paul-messi-surprised-me-he-enjoys-a-song-cards |archive-date=11 June 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jun/11/argentinas-rodrigo-de-paul-messi-surprised-me-he-enjoys-a-song-cards |date=11 June 2021 |work=The Guardian |last=Lowe |first=Sid |access-date=13 June 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the third-place match against Chile on 6 July, Messi set-up Agüero's opening goal from a free kick in an eventual 2–1 win, to help Argentina capture the bronze medal; however, he was sent off along with [[Gary Medel]] in the 37th minute of play, after being involved in an altercation with the Chilean defender.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/copa-america/0/blog/post/3894006/messis-red-card-overshadows-argentinas-encouraging-win-and-chiles-end-of-an-era |title=Messi's red card overshadows Argentina's encouraging win and Chile's end of an era |publisher=ESPN |last=Vickery |first=Tim |date=6 July 2019 |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> Following the match, Messi refused to collect his medal, and implied in a post-match interview that his comments following the semi-final led to his sending off.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/argentina/story/3894693/angry-messi-cites-corruption-after-copa-red-card |title=Angry Messi cites 'corruption' after Copa red card |publisher=ESPN FC |date=7 July 2019 |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> Messi later issued an apology for his comments, but was fined $1,500 and was handed a one-match ban by CONMEBOL, which ruled him out of Argentina's next [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|World Cup qualifier]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina/story/3905355/messi-gets-wc-qualifier-ban-for-copa-red-card |title=Messi gets WC qualifier ban for Copa red card |work=ESPN FC |date=23 July 2019 |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> On 2 August, Messi was banned for three months from international football and was fined $50,000 by CONMEBOL for his comments against the referee's decisions; this ban meant he would miss Argentina's friendly matches against Chile, Mexico and Germany in September and October.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.conmebol.com/es/suspension-y-multa-para-lionel-messi |title=Suspensión y multa para Lionel Messi |work=CONMEBOL |language=es|date=2 August 2019|access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref> On 15 November, Messi played in the [[2019 Superclásico de las Américas]] versus Brazil, scoring the winning goal by a rebound of his saved penalty..<ref>{{cite web|date=15 November 2019|title=Brazil 0–1 Argentina |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50424452 |work=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=6 June 2021}}</ref> On 8 October 2020, Messi scored a penalty in a 1–0 victory against Ecuador, giving Argentina a winning start to their [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2022 World Cup qualifying]] campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argentina vs. Ecuador - Football Match Report - October 9, 2020|url=https://www.espn.in/football/report/_/gameId/561096|access-date=2021-07-11|work=ESPN}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2021: Appearance record and Copa América victory ===<br />
On 14 June 2021, Messi scored from a free kick in a 1–1 draw against Chile in Argentina's opening group match of the [[2021 Copa América]] in Brazil.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/copa-america/argentina-vs-chile/cronica/2021/06/15/60c7e18e22601d45348b45ac.html |title=Messi's Argentina thwarted by Chile |work=MARCA |date=14 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> On 21 June, Messi played in his 147th match as he equalled Javier Mascherano's record for most appearances for Argentina in a 1–0 win over [[Paraguay national football team|Paraguay]] in their third game of the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lionel Messi sigue haciendo historia: igualó a Mascherano como el jugador con más presencias en la Selección|language=ES|url=https://www.afa.com.ar/es/posts/lionel-messi-sigue-haciendo-historia-igualo-a-mascherano-como-el-jugador-con-mas-presencias-en-la-seleccion|website=afa.com.ar|date=21 June 2021|accessdate=22 June 2021}}</ref> A week later, he broke the record for most appearances in an Argentina shirt when he featured in a 4–1 win against [[Bolivia national football team|Bolivia]] in his team's final group match, assisting [[Papu Gómez]]'s opening goal and later scoring two.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina-arg/story/4422176/messi-sets-argentina-appearances-mark-in-copa-america-match-vs-bolivia|title=Messi sets Argentina appearances mark in Copa America match vs. Bolivia |work=ESPN |first=Sam |last=Marsden|date=28 June 2021|accessdate=29 June 2021}}</ref> On 3 July, Messi assisted twice and scored from a free-kick in a 3–0 win over Ecuador in the quarter-finals of the competition.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/argentina-vs-ecuador-score-sensational-messi-leads-albiceleste-into-copa-america-semifinals/live/ |title=Argentina vs. Ecuador score: Sensational Messi leads Albiceleste into Copa America semifinals |work=CBSSports.com |date=3 July 2021 |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref> On 6 July, in a 1–1 draw in the semi-finals against Colombia, Messi made his 150th appearance for his country and registered his fifth assist of the tournament, a cut-back for [[Lautaro Martínez]], matching his record of nine goal contributions in a single tournament from five years earlier; he later netted his spot kick in Argentina's eventual 3–2 penalty shoot-out victory to progress to his fifth international final.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=603184 |title=Argentina vs. Colombia - Football Match Report - July 6, 2021 - ESPN |work=ESPN.com |date=6 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thescore.com/esp_fed/news/2186119 |title=Messi driving Argentina at Copa America |publisher=theScore.com |date=6 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> On 10 July, Argentina defeated hosts Brazil 1–0 in the [[2021 Copa América Final|final]], giving Messi his first major international title and Argentina's first since [[1993 Copa América|1993]], as well as his nation's joint record 15th Copa América overall.<ref name="Copa América final">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2021/jul/10/argentina-v-brazil-copa-america-final-live |title=Argentina 1-0 Brazil: Copa América final – live! |work=The Guardian |last=Graham |first=Bryan Armen |date=11 July 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> Messi was directly involved in 9 out of the 12 goals scored by Argentina, scoring four and assisting five; he was named the player of the tournament for his performances, an honour he shared with Neymar. He also finished as the tournament's top scorer with four goals tied with Colombia's [[Luis Díaz (Colombian footballer)|Luis Díaz]], although the Golden Boot was awarded to Messi as he had more assists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leo Messi named player of tournament in Copa América |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/2187432/leo-messi-named-player-of-tournament-in-copa-america |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=FC Barcelona}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lionel Messi and Luis Diaz wins 2021 Copa America Golden Boot |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/who-is-leading-the-race-for-copa-americas-golden-boot/1unofbxrqy1bm10fsnoy5cyvi6 |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=Goal}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Player profile ==<br />
=== Style of play ===<br />
[[File:Argentina team in St. Petersburg (cropped) Messi.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|A versatile forward, Messi often plays as a classic [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|number 10]].]]<br />
<br />
Due to his short stature, Messi has a lower centre of gravity than taller players, which gives him greater agility, allowing him to change direction more quickly and evade opposing tackles;<ref name="GoldenYell">{{cite news |first=Cordt |last=Schnibben |title=The Golden Yell: Ronaldo and Messi Battle to Define a Football Era |work=Der Spiegel |date=6 June 2012 |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/ronaldo-and-messi-compete-to-define-a-football-era-a-837019.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="FiveReasons">{{cite news |first=Karl |last=Ritter |title=Five Reasons Why Messi Stands out in Soccer World |newspaper=Boston Globe |date=12 July 2014 |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2014/07/12/reasons-why-messi-stands-out-football-world/mreF1boxmpDQcq7ZWenjqJ/story.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> this has led the Spanish media to dub him ''La Pulga Atómica'' ("The Atomic Flea").<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi, goals for 2010 |publisher=Mundo Deportivo (Spanish) |date=7 December 2009 |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/20091206/messi-goles-para-2010_53837938612.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi becomes the 'Atomic Flea' |publisher=Goal |date=20 September 2012 |url=http://www.goal.com/es/news/4284/el-fotomontaje-del-d%C3%ADa/2012/09/20/3390051/lionel-messi-se-convierte-en-la-pulga-at%C3%B3mica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Messi, The Atomic Flea who became the best in the world |publisher=AS (Spanish) |date=28 January 2016 |url=http://as.com/m/videos/2016/01/28/colombia/1453936234_817270.html}}</ref> Despite being physically unimposing, he possesses significant upper-body strength, which, combined with his low centre of gravity and resulting balance, aids him in withstanding physical challenges from opponents; he has consequently been noted for his lack of [[Diving (association football)|diving]] in a sport rife with playacting.<ref name="Here"/><ref name="FiveReasons"/><ref name="MakingCase">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/champions-league/7532805/Arsenal-v-Barcelona-Lionel-Messi-making-case-for-worlds-greatest-ever-player.html |title=Arsenal v Barcelona: Lionel Messi Making Case for World's Greatest Ever Player |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |first=Kevin |last=Garside |date=29 March 2010 |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> His short, strong legs allow him to excel in short bursts of acceleration while his quick feet enable him to retain control of the ball when [[Dribbling#Association football|dribbling]] at speed.<ref>{{cite web |first=Lucas |last=Brown |title=Lionel Messi – the New Maradona? |publisher=UEFA |date=30 September 2005 |url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=347644.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> His former Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola once stated, "Messi is the only player that runs faster with the ball than he does without it."<ref name="FTMag"/> Although he has improved his ability with his weaker foot since his mid-20s, Messi is predominantly a left-footed player; with the outside of his left foot, he usually begins dribbling runs, while he uses the inside of his foot to finish and provide passes and assists.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=553}}<ref name="Control">{{cite news |first=Fabio |last=Monti |title=Controllo, Corsa, Tocco di Palla: Perché nel Calcio Piccolo è Bello |trans-title=Control, Stroke and Touch on the Ball: Because in Football Small Is Beautiful |newspaper=Corriere della Sera |language=it |date=8 April 2010 |url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/aprile/08/Controllo_corsa_tocco_palla_Perche_co_9_100408088.shtml |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
A prolific goalscorer, Messi is known for his finishing, positioning, quick reactions, and ability to make attacking runs to beat the defensive line. He also functions in a [[Playmaker|playmaking]] role, courtesy of his vision and range of passing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesportster.com/soccer/top-25-greatest-playmakers-ever|title= Top 25 Greatest Playmakers Ever|work=The Sportster|date= 4 July 2015|access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref> He has often been described as a magician; a conjurer, creating goals and opportunities where seemingly none exist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 January 2020|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, goals, records, highlights, Juventus, hat trick, statistics, best stats, age, break down|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/football/cristiano-ronaldo-lionel-messi-goals-highlights-juventus-hat-trick-statistics-age-break-down/news-story/705ff21fcd63e4e372bb62d9f7c3e00a|access-date=10 August 2020|work=Fox Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=As Lionel Messi turns 32, a fan ruminates on the ambivalent legacy of the football wizard|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/as-lionel-messi-turns-32-a-fan-ruminates-on-the-ambivalent-legacy-of-the-football-wizard/cid/1693021|access-date=10 August 2020|work=Telegraph India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=27 July 2008|title=Lionel Messi steals the show for Barcelona at Dundee United|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/2462724/Lionel-Messi-steals-the-show-for-Barcelona-at-Dundee-United.html|access-date=10 August 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Moreover, he is an accurate [[Direct free kick|free kick]] and [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]] taker.<ref name="FiveReasons"/><ref name="SixReasons">{{cite web |first=Francesc |last=Tomas |title=Six Reasons Why Lionel Messi Is the World's Best |publisher=ESPN FC |date=25 June 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2504382/six-reasons-why-lionel-messi-is-worlds-best |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> As of August 2021, Messi ranks 11th all time in goals scored from direct free kicks with 58,<ref>{{cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Ritabrata |title=Lionel Messi four goals short of Diego Maradona's free-kick record |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/lionel-messi-four-goals-short-of-diego-maradona-free-kick/25m70zxsodmfzalts0l14m4s |access-date=3 August 2021 |work=Goal |date=4 July 2021}}</ref> the most among active players.<ref>{{cite news |last=Copeland |first=Robbie |title=Lionel Messi becomes top free-kick scorer among active players |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/lionel-messi-top-free-kick-scorer-active-players-cristiano-ronaldo-copa-america |access-date=3 August 2021 |work=90min.com |date=4 July 2021}}</ref> He also has a penchant for scoring from [[Chip (association football)|chips]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2017/02/22/58adac0ae5fdea9b038b45d2.html|title=The art of the chip: Falcao matches Totti, Messi and Raul |publisher=Marca |last=del Río |first=Joel |date=22 February 2017 |accessdate=11 April 2017}}</ref><br />
[[File:Lionel Messi Player of the Year, 2011.jpg|thumb|left|Messi is known to drop deep, link-up with midfielders, orchestrate attacking plays, and create goal-scoring opportunities.]]<br />
<br />
Messi's pace and technical ability enable him to undertake individual dribbling runs towards goal, in particular during counterattacks, usually starting from the halfway line or the right side of the pitch.<ref name="MakingCase"/><ref name="SixReasons"/><ref name="Loose Vuvuzela">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/22/opinion/22iht-edcohen.html |title=The Loose Vuvuzela |work=The New York Times |last=Cohen |first=Roger |date=21 June 2010 |access-date=12 April 2020}}</ref> Widely considered to be the best dribbler in the world,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/lionel-messi-dribbling-2015-6 |title=Here's what makes Lionel Messi so impossible to defend |work=Business Insider |first=Scott |last=Davis |date=6 June 2015 |access-date=8 November 2015}}</ref> and one of the greatest dribblers of all time,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/may/07/lionel-messi-barcelona-bayern-munich |title=Lionel Messi: the genius who operates to a different set of physical rules |work=The Guardian |first=Barney |last=Ronay |date=7 May 2015 |access-date=8 November 2015}}</ref> with regard to this ability, his former Argentina manager Diego Maradona has said of him, "The ball stays glued to his foot; I've seen great players in my career, but I've never seen anyone with Messi's ball control."<ref name="Control"/> Beyond his individual qualities, he is also a well-rounded, hard-working team player, known for his creative combinations, in particular with former Barcelona midfielders [[Xavi]] and [[Andrés Iniesta]].<ref name="GoldenYell"/><ref name="FiveReasons"/><br />
<br />
Tactically, Messi plays in a free attacking role; a versatile player, he is capable of attacking on either wing or through the centre of the pitch. His favoured position in childhood was the playmaker behind two strikers, known as the ''enganche'' in Argentine football, but he began his career in Spain as a [[Association football positions#Winger|left-winger]] or [[Forward (association football)#Second striker|left-sided forward]].{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=155–156, 405–406}} Upon his first-team debut, he was moved onto the right wing by manager [[Frank Rijkaard]]; from this position, he could more easily cut through the defence into the middle of the pitch and [[Curl (football)|curl]] shots on goal with his left foot, rather than predominantly [[Cross (football)|cross]] balls for teammates.<ref name="FTMag"/> Under Guardiola and subsequent managers, he most often played in a [[Forward (association football)#False 9|false nine]] role; positioned as a [[Forward (association football)#Centre-forward|centre-forward]] or lone [[Forward (association football)#Striker|striker]], he would roam the centre, often moving deep into midfield and drawing defenders with him, in order to create and exploit spaces for passes, other teammates' attacking runs off the ball, Messi's own dribbling runs, or combinations with Xavi and Iniesta.<ref name="BoyGenius"/> Under the stewardship of Luis Enrique, Messi initially returned to playing in the right-sided position that characterised much of his early career in the manager's 4–3–3 formation,<ref name="Motivated"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/05/21/how-luis-suarez-moved-lionel-messi-onto-barcelona-wing-to-become/ |title=How Luis Suarez moved Lionel Messi onto Barcelona's wing and became the best centre-forward on the planet |newspaper=The Telegraph |first=Alistair |last=Tweedale |date=21 May 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> while he was increasingly deployed in a deeper, free playmaking role in later seasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=esp/news/newsid=2236364.html |title=In focus: Messi's changing role |publisher=UEFA |first=Richard |last=Martin |date=19 April 2015 |access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="improvement">{{cite web |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/11105832/barcelona8217s-improvement-under-ernesto-valverde-examined |title=Barcelona's improvement under Ernesto Valverde examined |publisher=Sky Sports |first1=Guillem |last1=Balague |first2=Nick |last2=Wright |first3=Adam |last3=Smith |date=30 October 2017 |access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> Under manager [[Ernesto Valverde]], Messi played in a variety of roles. While he occasionally continued to be deployed in a deeper role, from which he could make runs from behind into the box,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.squawka.com/en/news/barcelona-top-scorer-lionel-messi-explains-how-has-role-has-developed-under-valverde/1019375#bEStu6B25LqTkjvv.97 |title=Barcelona top-scorer Lionel Messi explains how has role has developed under Valverde |work=Squawka |first=Cady |last=Siregar |date=7 March 2018 |access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref> or even on the right wing<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.squawka.com/en/news/dembele-is-going-nowhere-five-things-learned-from-barcelonas-super-cup-win-v-sevilla/1053044 |title=Dembele is going nowhere: Five things learned from Barcelona's Super Cup win v Sevilla |work=Squawka |first=Muhammad |last=Butt |date=12 August 2018 |access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref> or as a false nine,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2017/08/21/599a9d8de5fdeae2358b457b.html |title=Valverde returns Messi to the False 9 role |newspaper=Marca |date=21 August 2017 |access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2017/09/11/59b650a3e2704e62408b4611.html |title=Valverde recycles Messi |newspaper=Marca |first=Sergi |last=Sanz |date=11 November 2017 |access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref> he was also used in a more offensive, central role in a 4–2–3–1,<ref name="improvement" /> or as a second striker in a 4–4–2 formation, where he was once again given the licence to drop deep, link-up with midfielders, orchestrate his teams attacking plays, and create chances for his attacking partner Suárez.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thescore.com/news/1461884 |title=3 ways Barcelona could line up with Coutinho |work=The Score |first=Michael J. |last=Chandler |date=6 January 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dissected-how-the-new-barca-play-and-where-theres-hope-for-chelsea-rpwl0wbn5 |title=Dissected: How the new Barcelona play – and why there's hope for Chelsea |newspaper=The Times |first=Tom |last=Clarke |date=19 February 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref><br />
[[File:Germany and Argentina face off in the final of the World Cup 2014 04 crop.jpg|thumb|right|Messi prepares to shoot with his dominant left foot in the [[2014 FIFA World Cup Final|final]] of the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]].|alt=]]<br />
<br />
As his career advanced, and his tendency to dribble diminished slightly with age, Messi began to dictate play in [[Midfielder#Deep-lying playmaker|deeper areas of the pitch]] and developed into one of the best passers and playmakers in football history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesportster.com/soccer/top-25-greatest-Tplaymakers-ever|title= Top 25 Greatest Playmakers Ever |work=the Sportster |access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no2-lionel-messi |title=FourFourTwo's 100 Greatest Footballers EVER: No.2, Lionel Messi |work=FourFourTwo |first=Thore |last=Haugstad |date=28 July 2017 |access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/la-liga/992349/lionel-messi-misses-out-worlds-best-playmaker-2018-second-real-madrid-star/ |title=Lionel Messi misses out on World's best Playmaker 2018 title, finishes second to Real Madrid star |work=Fox Sports Asia |first=Aditya |last=Rangarajan |date=6 December 2018 |access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref> His work-rate off the ball and defensive responsibilities also decreased as his career progressed; by covering less ground on the pitch, and instead conserving his energy for short bursts of speed, he was able to improve his efficiency, movement, and positional play, and was also able to avoid muscular injuries, despite often playing a large number of matches throughout a particular season on a consistent basis. Indeed, while he was injury-prone in his early career, he was later able to improve his injury record by running less off the ball, and by adopting a stricter diet, training regime, and sleep schedule.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/1717/editorial/2012/10/23/3468661/how-messi-went-from-injury-prone-teenager-to-bionic-man |title=How Messi went from injury-prone teenager to bionic man |publisher=Goal |last=Hayward |first=Ben |date=23 October 2012 |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> With the Argentina national team, Messi has similarly played anywhere along the frontline; under various managers, he has been employed on the right wing, as a false nine, as an out-and-out striker, in a supporting role alongside another forward, or in a deeper, free creative role as a classic number 10 playmaker or [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|attacking midfielder]] behind the strikers.<ref name="NewRole"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/18/argentina-copa-america-lionel-messi-tactics |title=Argentina's great tactical dilemma: where should Lionel Messi play? |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Martin |last=Mazur |date=18 June 2016 |access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Reception ===<br />
{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="I have seen the player who will inherit my place in Argentinian football and his name is Messi."|source=– [[Diego Maradona]] hailing the 18-year-old Messi as his [[New Maradona|successor]] in February 2006<ref name="Maradona"/>}}A prodigious talent as a teenager, Messi established himself among the world's best players before age 20.<ref name="NotBest"/> Diego Maradona considered the 18-year-old Messi the best player in the world alongside [[Ronaldinho]], while the Brazilian himself, shortly after winning the [[Ballon d'Or]], commented, "I'm not even the best at Barça", in reference to his protégé.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maradona Hails Messi as Successor |work=BBC Sport |date=24 February 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4746070.stm |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Phil |last=Ball |title=Britain v Spain (Sort Of) |publisher=ESPN FC |date=23 February 2006 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/359600 |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> Four years later, after Messi had won his first Ballon d'Or by a record margin,{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=519–524}} the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players in history.<ref name="MagicFeet"/><ref name="MakingCase"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=Minshull |title=Is Messi the Greatest Ever? |work=BBC Sport |date=30 March 2010 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/philminshull/2010/03/is_messi_the_greatest_ever.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> An early proponent was his then-manager Pep Guardiola, who, as early as August 2009, declared Messi to be the best player he had ever seen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Messi Es el Mejor Jugador que Veré Jamás |trans-title=Messi Is the Best Player I Have Ever Seen |newspaper=El Mundo |language=es |date=29 August 2009 |url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2009/08/29/futbol/1251499664.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> In the following years, this opinion gained greater acceptance among pundits, managers, former and current players,<ref name="Sublime"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi: Is the Barcelona and Argentina Star the Greatest Player Ever? |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=29 May 2011 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/lionel-messi/8545361/Lionel-Messi-is-the-Barcelona-and-Argentina-star-the-greatest-player-ever.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> and by the end of Barça's second treble-winning season, Messi's superiority, ahead of Maradona and [[Pelé]], had become the apparent view among many fans and pundits in continental Europe.<ref name="Telegraph 2016">{{cite news |agency=Agence France-Presse |title=Magical Messi Grabs Hat-trick in Copa America as Argentina Romp into Quarters |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=11 June 2016 |quote=Widely regarded as the best footballer of all time, Lionel Messi ... has sublime balance and is able to dribble past defenders with almost inhuman ease. |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/06/11/magical-messi-grabs-hat-trick-in-copa-america-as-argentina-romp/ |access-date=29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Pete |last=Jenson |title=Lionel Messi: Is the Barcelona Forward the Greatest of Them All? |newspaper=The Independent |date=30 May 2015 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-is-the-barcelona-forward-the-greatest-of-them-all-10287066.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> He initially received several dismissals by critics, based on the fact that he had not won an international trophy at senior level with Argentina,<ref>{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Cairns |title=How Does Lionel Messi Stack up against Football Legends? |publisher=BBC Newsbeat |date=8 January 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/20943498/how-does-lionel-messi-stack-up-against-football-legends |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> until he won his first international trophy at the [[2021 Copa América]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi y el título de Argentina en la Copa América 2021: "Necesitaba sacarme la espina |work=ESPN Argentina |date=10 July 2021 |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/futbol/copa-america/nota/_/id/8894609/lionel-messi-leo-la-pulga-argentina-brasil-final-copa-america-2021-campeon-declaraciones |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = right<br />
| direction = vertical<br />
| header =<br />
| width = 250<br />
| image1 = Messi Maradona.jpg<br />
| width1 =<br />
| alt1 = <br />
| caption1 = Argentina fans with Messi and Maradona banners at the [[2018 World Cup]] in Russia<br />
| image2 = Maradona messi creacion adan.jpg<br />
| width2 =<br />
| alt2 = <br />
| caption2 = ''The Sistine Chapel of Football'' painting (Messi to the left, Maradona to the right), on the ceiling of a sports club, Sportivo Pereyra, in [[Barracas, Buenos Aires]]<br />
}}<br />
Throughout his career, Messi has been compared with his late compatriot Diego Maradona, due to their similar playing styles as diminutive, left-footed dribblers. Initially, he was merely one of many young Argentine players, including his boyhood idol [[Pablo Aimar]], to receive the "[[New Maradona]]" moniker, but as his career progressed, Messi proved his similarity beyond all previous contenders, establishing himself as the greatest player Argentina had produced since Maradona.<ref name="Aimar"/>{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} [[Jorge Valdano]], who won the [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986 World Cup]] alongside Maradona, said in October 2013, "Messi is Maradona every day. For the last five years, Messi has been the Maradona of the World Cup in Mexico."<ref>{{cite web |title=Valdano: 'Messi Es Maradona Todos Los Días' |trans-title=Valdano: 'Messi Is Maradona Every Day' |publisher=FIFA |language=es |date=7 October 2013 |url=http://es.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/219/194/9/index.html |access-date=17 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908015149/http://es.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/219/194/9/index.html |archive-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> [[César Menotti]], who as manager orchestrated their [[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978 World Cup]] victory, echoed this sentiment when he opined that Messi plays "at the level of the best Maradona".<ref>{{cite news |title=Menotti: 'Messi Está al Nivel del Mejor Maradona Que Vi' |trans-title=Menotti: 'Messi Is at the Level of the Best Maradona That I Saw' |newspaper=AS |language=es |date=10 January 2014 |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2014/01/10/primera/1389359391_638487.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> Other notable Argentines in the sport, such as [[Osvaldo Ardiles]], [[Javier Zanetti]], and [[Diego Simeone]], have expressed their belief that Messi has overtaken Maradona as the best player in history.{{sfn|Hunter|2012|pp=7–8}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Brennan |title=Face to Face: Javier Zanetti |work=World Soccer |date=12 August 2013 |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/features/face-to-face-javier-zanetti-341916 |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sin Dudas, Messi Es Mejor que Maradona |trans-title=Without Doubt, Messi Is Better than Maradona |newspaper=Clarín |date=31 December 2012 |language=es |url=http://www.clarin.com/deportes/dudas-Messi-mejor-Maradona_0_838716136.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
In Argentine society, Messi is generally held in lesser esteem than Maradona, a consequence of not only his perceived uneven performances with the national team, but also of differences in class, personality, and background. Messi is in some ways the antithesis of his predecessor: where Maradona was an extroverted, controversial character who rose to greatness from the slums, Messi is reserved and unassuming, an unremarkable man outside of football.<ref name="Burden"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Jeré |last=Longman |title=Adept? Yes. Adored? Not Yet. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=12 July 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/13/sports/worldcup/world-cup-2014-in-argentina-lionel-messi-is-not-loved-as-much-as-diego-maradona.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Marcela |last=Mora y Araujo |title=Lionel Messi Is Not the New Maradona – He Can Be Better than That |newspaper=The Guardian |date=23 December 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/dec/23/lionel-messi-diego-maradona-argentina-barcelona |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> An enduring mark against him is the fact that, through no fault of his own, he never proved himself in the [[Argentine Primera División]] as an upcoming player, achieving stardom overseas from a young age,<ref name="Here"/><ref name="Burden"/> while his lack of outward passion for the ''Albiceleste'' shirt (he does not sing the national anthem and is disinclined to emotional displays) have in the past led to the false perception that he felt Catalan rather than truly Argentine.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}} Despite having lived in Spain since age 13, Messi rejected the option of representing [[Spain national football team|Spain]] internationally. He has said: "Argentina is my country, my family, my way of expressing myself. I would change all my records to make the people in my country happy."<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi Vomits Because of Nerves, Says Argentina's Alejandro Sabella |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 June 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/10/lionel-messi-vomits-argentina-alejandro-sabella-world-cup |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> Moreover, several pundits and footballing figures, including Maradona, have also questioned Messi's leadership with Argentina at times, despite his playing ability.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina/story/2889220/diego-maradona-says-lionel-messi-lacks-leadership-to-carry-a-team?src=com |title=Diego Maradona: Lionel Messi lacks the leadership needed to carry a team |publisher=ESPN FC |date=9 June 2016 |access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=John |last=Tilghman |title=Maradona vs. Messi: A Laughable Comparison |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/508097-maradona-vs-messi-a-laughable-comparison?search_query=John%20Tilghman |publisher=bleacherreport.com |access-date=1 May 2019 |date=4 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46279184 |title=Lionel Messi: Is Barcelona forward really cut out for captaincy? |work=BBC Sport |first=Andy |last=West |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Comparisons to Cristiano Ronaldo ===<br />
{{Main|Messi–Ronaldo rivalry}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi - Portugal vs Argentina, 9th February 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|Messi has been compared to [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] (left) throughout much of their careers.]]<br />
<br />
Among his contemporary peers, Messi is most often compared and contrasted with Portuguese forward [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], as part of an [[Messi–Ronaldo rivalry|ongoing rivalry]] that has been compared to [[List of sports rivalries|past sports rivalries]] like the [[Muhammad Ali]]–[[Joe Frazier]] rivalry in boxing, the [[Roger Federer]]–[[Rafael Nadal]] [[Federer–Nadal rivalry|rivalry]] in tennis, and the [[Senna–Prost rivalry]] from Formula One motor racing.<ref>{{cite web |first=Graham |last=Hunter |title=The Game's Best Rivalry |publisher=ESPN FC |date=28 November 2010 |url=http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/5842703/el-clasico-all-ronaldo-vs-messi |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Messi v Ronaldo |publisher=Sky Sports |date=17 October 2011 |url=http://www.skysports.com/news/21227/7235124/messi-v-ronaldo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105413/http://www.skysports.com/news/21227/7235124/messi-v-ronaldo |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Although Messi has at times denied any rivalry,<ref>{{cite news |title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi Blames Media for Inventing Rivalry with Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=15 August 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/9478241/Barcelonas-Lionel-Messi-blames-media-for-inventing-rivalry-with-Real-Madrids-Cristiano-Ronaldo.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Snowball |title=Lionel Messi: Cristiano Ronaldo Is Not My Rival |publisher=Eurosport |date=11 June 2015 |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/lionel-messi-cristiano-ronaldo-is-not-my-rival_sto4779011/story.shtml |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> they are widely believed to push one another in their aim to be the best player in the world:<ref name="Overtaken"/> since 2008, Messi has won six Ballons d'Or to Ronaldo's five,<ref>{{cite news |title=Ballons d'Or winners list |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/12/07/ballon-dor-winners-list/ |work=The Telegraph |date=2 April 2017}}</ref> six FIFA World's Best Player awards to Ronaldo's five, and six [[European Golden Shoe]]s to Ronaldo's four.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Sorin |last1=Arotaritei |first2=Roberto |last2=Di Maggio |first3=Karel |last3=Stokkermans |title=Golden Boot (Soulier d'Or) Awards |publisher=RSSSF |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/gboot.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> Pundits and fans regularly argue the individual merits of both players;<ref name="Overtaken"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Mendes |title=World Cup 2014: Cristiano Ronaldo's Personal Duel with Lionel Messi Is Affecting His Performances for Portugal |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 June 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/cristiano-ronaldo/10923614/World-Cup-2014-Cristiano-Ronaldos-personal-duel-with-Lionel-Messi-is-affecting-his-performances-for-Portugal.html |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> beyond their playing styles, the debate also revolves around their differing physiques – Ronaldo is {{height|m=1.87}} with a muscular build – and contrasting public personalities, with Ronaldo's self-confidence and theatrics a foil to Messi's humility.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Hughes |title=Ronaldo May Look Like the Best, but There Is Someone Better |newspaper=The New York Times |date=13 September 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/sports/soccer/14iht-soccer14.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1 |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Pedro |last1=Pinto |first2=James |last2=Montague |title=Cristiano Ronaldo: I'm Better than Messi |publisher=CNN |date=29 May 2012 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/17/sport/football/football-champions-league-ronaldo-interview/ |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Lewis |title=Cristiano Ronaldo: He's Got a God-Given Talent – and He Knows It |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 November 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2013/nov/24/cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-portugal-football |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> From 2009–10 to 2017–18, Messi faced Ronaldo at least twice every season in ''[[El Clásico]]'', which ranks among the world's most viewed annual sports events.<ref name="50million" /> Off the pitch, Ronaldo is his direct competitor in terms of salary, sponsorships, and social media fanbase.<ref name="50million">{{cite web |first=Kurt |last=Badenhausen |title=Lionel Messi Reaches $50 Million-A-Year Deal With Barcelona |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2014/05/16/lionel-messi-agrees-to-new-50-million-a-year-deal-with-barcelona/ |work=Forbes |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
== In popular culture ==<br />
<br />
According to ''[[France Football]]'', Messi was the world's highest-paid footballer for five years out of six between 2009 and 2014; he was the first player to exceed the €40&nbsp;million benchmark, with earnings of €41&nbsp;million in 2013, and the €50–€60&nbsp;million points, with income of €65&nbsp;million in 2014.<ref name="Payroll"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Jamie |last=Rainbow |title=Stat of the Day: Top 20 Best Paid Players and Coaches |work=World Soccer |date=18 March 2014 |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/news/stat-day-top-20-best-paid-players-coaches-350260 |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> Messi was second on ''[[Forbes]]'' list of the world's highest-paid athletes (after Cristiano Ronaldo) with income of $81.4&nbsp;million from his salary and endorsements in 2015–16.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cristiano Ronaldo first footballer to top Forbes rich list of highest-earning athletes |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10307782/cristiano-ronaldo-first-footballer-to-top-forbes-rich-list-of-highest-earning-athletes |publisher=Sky Sports |date=8 June 2016 |first=Ben |last=Reynolds |access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref> In 2018 he was the first player to exceed the €100m benchmark for a calendar year, with earnings of €126m ($154m) in combined income from salaries, bonuses and endorsements.<ref>[https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Lionel-messi-devance-largement-cristiano-ronaldo-au-classement-des-joueurs-les-mieux-payes-au-monde/895372 "Lionel Messi devance largement Cristiano Ronaldo au classement des joueurs les mieux payés au monde"]. ''France Football''. Retrieved 4 June 2018</ref> ''Forbes'' ranked him the [[Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes|world's highest-paid athlete]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi edges out Cristiano Ronaldo to head Forbes top 100 highest paid athletes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/48602166 |access-date=12 June 2019 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Since 2008, he has been Barcelona's highest-paid player, receiving a salary that increased incrementally from €7.8&nbsp;million to €13&nbsp;million over the next five years.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=472}}<ref name="Reluctant"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=556}} Signing a new Barcelona contract in 2017, he earns $667,000 per week in wages, and Barcelona also paid him $59.6&nbsp;million as a signing on bonus.<ref name="Forbes 2017">[https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2017/11/25/lionel-messi-signs-new-barcelona-contract-set-to-become-worlds-highest-paid-footballer/ "Lionel Messi Signs New Barcelona Contract, Set To Become World's Highest-Paid Footballer"]. Forbes. Retrieved 17 December 2017</ref> His buyout clause is set at $835&nbsp;million (€700&nbsp;million).<ref name="Forbes 2017" /> In 2020, Messi became the second footballer (and second athlete in a team sport), after Cristiano Ronaldo, to surpass $1 billion in earnings during their careers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2020/09/14/the-worlds-highest-paid-soccer-players-2020-messi-wins-mbappe-rises/#7601f0671cff|title= World's Highest-Paid Soccer Players: Messi Wins, Mbappe Rises|work=Forbes|access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:What a Messi - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Billboard of Messi in [[Taipei]], Taiwan]]<br />
In addition to his salary and bonuses, much of his income derives from endorsements; ''[[SportsPro]]'' has consequently cited him as one of the world's most marketable athletes every year since their research began in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Long |title=The World's 50 Most Marketable 2015 |work=SportsPro |date=20 May 2015 |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable |access-date=22 August 2015 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610032555/http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable |url-status=dead}}</ref> His main sponsor since 2006 is the sportswear company [[Adidas]]. As Barcelona's leading youth prospect, he had been signed with [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] since age 14, but transferred to Adidas after they successfully challenged their rival's claim to his image rights in court.{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=94–97}} Over time, Messi established himself as their leading brand endorser;<ref name="50million" /> from 2008, he had a long-running signature collection of Adidas F50 boots, and in 2015, he became the first footballer to receive his own sub-brand of Adidas boots, the Adidas Messi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Retrospect: Adidas F50 Messi Collection |publisher=Soccer Bible |date=18 March 2015 |url=http://www.soccerbible.com/performance/football-boots/2015/03/retrospect-adidas-f50-messi-collection/ |access-date=11 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Backed by Messi |publisher=Adidas |date=25 September 2015 |url=http://news.adidas.com/GB/Latest-News/Backed-by-Messi/s/1aafb738-30fe-4810-a7e4-6b808c0e6353 |access-date=11 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222143641/http://news.adidas.com/GB/Latest-News/Backed-by-Messi/s/1aafb738-30fe-4810-a7e4-6b808c0e6353 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2017, he has worn the latest version of the Adidas Nemeziz.<ref>{{cite news |title=adidas Football Launches Nemeziz 17+ 360 Agility |url=https://www.soccerbible.com/performance/football-boots/2017/05/adidas-football-launches-nemeziz/ |access-date=12 July 2019 |work=Soccer Bible}}</ref> In 2015, a Barcelona jersey with Messi's name and number was the best-selling replica jersey worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Leo Messi's Barcelona Shirt Is the Most Sold Worldwide, Cristiano Ronaldo 2nd |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2609501-leo-messis-barcelona-shirt-is-the-most-sold-worldwide-cristiano-ronaldo-2nd |access-date=4 January 2019 |work=Bleacher Report}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:ECUADOR VS ARGENTINA (36956136633).jpg|thumb|left|After [[Sign of the cross#Use|blessing himself]], Messi often [[Goal celebration|celebrates a goal]] by pointing a finger on each hand towards [[heaven|the sky]] in dedication to his late grandmother.<ref name="Dedication">{{cite news |last=Matchett |first=Karl |title=The Story Behind Lionel Messi's 5 Most Iconic Barcelona Celebrations |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2705366-the-story-behind-lionel-messis-5-most-iconic-barcelona-celebrations |work=Bleacher Report |date=25 April 2017|access-date=18 December 2017}}</ref> His goal celebration features in the [[FIFA (video game series)|''FIFA'' video game series]], first appearing in ''[[FIFA 14]].'']]<br />
As a commercial entity, Messi's marketing brand has been based exclusively on his talents and achievements as a player, in contrast to arguably more glamorous players like Cristiano Ronaldo and [[David Beckham]]. At the start of his career, he thus mainly held sponsorship contracts with companies that employ sports-oriented marketing, such as Adidas, [[Pepsi]], and [[Konami]].<ref name="Fourth">{{cite web |title=The World's Fourth Most Marketable Athlete – Lionel Messi |work=SportsPro |date=27 May 2011 |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/notes_and_insights/the_worlds_4th_most_marketable_athlete_-_lionel_messi |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Kurt |last=Badenhausen |title=Lionel Messi Voted Soccer's Best, But Sponsors Stay Away |work=Forbes |date=10 January 2011 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2011/01/10/lionel-messi-voted-soccers-best-but-sponsors-stay-away/ |access-date=11 December 2015}}</ref> From 2010 onwards, concurrently with his increased achievements as a player, his marketing appeal widened, leading to long-term endorsement deals with luxury brands [[Dolce & Gabbana]] and [[Audemars Piguet]].<ref name="Fourth"/><ref>{{cite press release |title=Lionel Messi and Dolce & Gabbana: An Assist in Style |publisher=Dolce & Gabbana |url=http://www.dolcegabbana.com/binaries/content/assets/DG/leo-messi/press-release/dolce-and-gabbana-leo-messi-press-release-eng.pdf |access-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827002248/http://www.dolcegabbana.com/binaries/content/assets/DG/leo-messi/press-release/dolce-and-gabbana-leo-messi-press-release-eng.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Messi is also a global brand ambassador for [[Gillette (brand)|Gillette]], [[Turkish Airlines]], [[Ooredoo]], and [[Tata Motors]], among other companies.<ref>{{cite web |first=Oliver |last=Millerchip |title=Messi to Front New Gillette Campaign |work=SportsPro |date=3 February 2014 |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/messi_to_front_new_gillette_campaign |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Argentine Soccer Star Leo Messi Named Global Brand Ambassador for Turkish Airlines |work=Reuters |date=6 December 2012 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/06/idUS192613+06-Dec-2012+BW20121206 |access-date=22 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924172433/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/06/idUS192613+06-Dec-2012+BW20121206 |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ian |last=McPherson |title=Messi Cashes in with Qatari Contract |work=SportsPro |date=28 February 2013 |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/messi_cashes_in_with_qatari_contract |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi Is Global Brand Ambassador for Tata Motors |work=Firstpost |date=3 November 2015 |url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/tata-motors-ropes-in-lionel-messi-as-global-brand-ambassador-2492172.htmlv |access-date=18 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015131146/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/blogs/world-of-sport/the-best-sports-photo-of-the-year-goes-to---lionel-messi-and--the-final-game--183718601.html |archive-date=15 October 2015}}</ref> Additionally, Messi was the face of Konami's video game series ''[[Pro Evolution Soccer]]'', appearing on the covers of ''[[PES 2009]]'', ''[[PES 2010]],'' ''[[PES 2011]]'' and ''[[PES 2020]]''. He subsequently signed with rival company [[EA Sports]] to become the face of their series ''[[FIFA (video game series)|FIFA]]'' and has since appeared on four consecutive covers from ''[[FIFA 13]]'' to ''[[FIFA 16]]''.{{sfn|Guinness World Records|2014|p=102}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi to Star on Cover of EA Sports FIFA for Fourth Straight Year |work=Sports Illustrated |date=15 June 2015 |url=https://www.si.com/extra-mustard/2015/06/15/lionel-messi-fifa-16-cover# |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Messi's global popularity and influence are well documented. He was among the [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]], an annual list of the world's most influential people as published by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', in 2011 and 2012.<ref>{{cite web |first=Thierry |last=Henry |title=The 2011 Time 100: Lionel Messi, God of the Field |work=Time |date=21 April 2011 |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2066367_2066369_2066498,00.html |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Mia |last=Hamm |title=The World's 100 Most Influential People 2012: Lionel Messi |work=Time |date=18 April 2012 |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112092,00.html |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> His fanbase on the social media website Facebook is among the largest of all public figures: within seven hours of its launch in April 2011, Messi's Facebook page had nearly seven&nbsp;million followers, and by August 2021 he had [[List of most-followed Facebook pages|over 103&nbsp;million followers]], the second highest for a sportsperson after Cristiano Ronaldo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Joins Facebook, Nets 7&nbsp;m Followers |publisher=ESPN |date=6 April 2011 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/903705/lionel-messi-joins-facebook-nets-7m-followers |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Karissa |last=Giuliano |title=The 10 Most Popular Celebrities on Facebook |publisher=CNBC |date=9 June 2015 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/09/the-10-most-popular-celebrities-on-facebook.html |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> He also has [[List of most-followed Instagram accounts|over 245 million Instagram followers]], the second highest for a sportsperson after Cristiano Ronaldo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://socialblade.com/instagram/top/100/followers |title=Top 100 Instagram Users by Followers- Socialblade Instagram Stats – Instagram Statistics |work=Socialblade |access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref> According to a 2014 survey by sports research firm Repucom in 15 international markets, Messi was familiar to 87% of respondents around the world, of whom 78% perceived him favourably, making him the second-most recognised player globally, behind Ronaldo, and the most likable of all contemporary players.<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Borg |title=Ballon D'Or: Lionel Messi vs. Cristiano Ronaldo – Battle of the Brands |publisher=CNN |date=2 December 2014 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/01/sport/football/lionel-messi-cristiano-ronaldo-barcelona-real-madrid-ballon-dor-marketing-merchandise-facebook/ |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Top 10 Most Marketable Footballers in the World |publisher=Repucom |date=28 May 2014 |url=http://repucom.net/wp-content/uploads/Top-10-Most-Marketable-Football-Players.pdf |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> On Messi's economic impact on the city in which he plays, [[Terry Gibson]] called him a "tourist attraction".<ref>{{cite news |title=Gibson: Messi is a tourist attraction |url=https://www.skysports.com/watch/video/sports/football/12377402/gibson-messi-is-a-tourist-attraction |access-date=10 August 2021 |agency=Sky Sports}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Messi car.jpg|thumb|[[Truck art in South Asia#Cars|Indian vehicle art]] in Barcelona colors]]<br />
Other events have illustrated Messi's presence in popular culture. A solid gold replica of his left foot, weighing {{convert|25|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and valued at $5.25&nbsp;million, went on sale in Japan in March 2013 to raise funds for victims of the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi's Left Foot – Yours for $5.25 Million |publisher=CNN |date=6 March 2013 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/06/sport/football/football-leo-messi-golden-foot/ |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> A 2013 Turkish Airlines advertisement starring Messi, in which he engages in a [[selfie]] competition with then-[[Los Angeles Lakers]] star [[Kobe Bryant]], was the most-watched ad on YouTube in the year of its release, receiving 137&nbsp;million views, and was subsequently voted the best advertisement of the 2005–15 decade to commemorate YouTube's founding.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kaitlyn |last=Krasselt |title=Cannes to Cannes: YouTube's Most Viewed Ads |work=USA Today |date=21 June 2014 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/06/21/cannes-youtube-top-ads/10891397/ |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Laura |last=Lorenzetti |title=YouTube Users Say This Is the 'Ad of the Decade' |work=Time |date=3 June 2015 |url=http://time.com/3908087/youtube-ad-of-the-decade/ |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> [[World Press Photo]] selected "The Final Game", a photograph of Messi facing the [[FIFA World Cup Trophy|World Cup trophy]] after Argentina's final defeat to Germany, as the best sports image of 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Cup final photo of Lionel Messi eyeing trophy wins prize |work=ESPN |date=12 February 2015 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/league-name/story/2295953/headline |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref> ''[[Messi (2014 film)|Messi]]'', a documentary about his life by filmmaker [[Álex de la Iglesia]], premiered at the [[Venice Film Festival]] in August 2014.<ref>{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Barker |title=Venice Film Review: 'Messi' |work=Variety |date=27 August 2014 |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/venice-film-review-messi-1201292498/ |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2021, Messi signed a five year deal to become an ambassador for the [[Hard Rock Cafe]] brand. He stated, "sports and music are an integral part of my life. It is an honor to be the first athlete to partner with a brand who has a history of teaming with music legends."<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hard-rock-international-begins-year-long-50th-anniversary-celebration-by-announcing-partnership-with-lionel-messi-301310207.html “Hard Rock International Begins Year-Long 50th Anniversary Celebration By Announcing Partnership With Lionel Messi”]. PR Newswire. Retrieved 11 June 2021</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
=== Family and relationships ===<br />
Since 2008, Messi has been in a relationship with Antonela Roccuzzo, a fellow native of [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://usahint.com/sports/lionel-messis-wife-absence-world-cup-759/ |title=Lionel Messi's wife explains her absence at World Cup opener that left him broken hearted |work=USAHint |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=1 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701061408/http://usahint.com/sports/lionel-messis-wife-absence-world-cup-759/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> He has known Roccuzzo since he was five years old, as she is the cousin of his childhood best friend, [[Lucas Scaglia]], who is also a football player.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40454654 |title=Argentina hosts Lionel Messi's 'wedding of the century' |access-date=1 July 2017 |work=BBC News}}</ref> After keeping their relationship private for a year, Messi first confirmed their romance in an interview in January 2009, before going public a month later during a carnival in [[Sitges]] after the Barcelona–Espanyol derby.<br />
<br />
{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="Leo is not shy. He's introverted. He's reserved."|source={{mdash}} Endocrinologist Dr. Diego Schwarzstein,{{refn|group=note|According to [[Bleacher Report]]'s Richard Fitzpatrick, "Schwarzstein and Messi built up a close relationship during more than four years of treatment."<ref name=BR>{{cite news |title=The Machine of '87: Messi's Boyhood Teammates Recall Early Signs of Greatness |work=Bleacher Report |date=23 June 2017 |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2717227-the-machine-of-87-messis-boyhood-teammates-recall-early-signs-of-greatness |access-date=25 June 2017 |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Richard}}</ref>}} who addressed Messi's growth hormone deficiency from 1997 to 2001.}}<br />
<br />
Messi and Roccuzzo have three sons: Thiago (born 2012), Mateo (born 2015) and Ciro (born 2018). To celebrate his partner's first pregnancy, Messi placed the ball under his shirt after scoring in Argentina's 4–0 win against Ecuador on 2 June 2012, before confirming the pregnancy in an interview two weeks later.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Shares Baby Joy |publisher=beIN Sports |date=17 June 2012 |url=http://www.beinsports.tv/news/title/messi-shares-baby-joy/article/3my803vek9sw1ky0beeucau3b |archive-url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:-lZWZO2a5XMJ:www.beinsports.tv/news/title/messi-shares-baby-joy/article/3my803vek9sw1ky0beeucau3b&hl=en&gl=nl&strip=1&vwsrc=0 |archive-date=19 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Thiago was born in Barcelona on 2 November 2012, with Messi attending the birth after being given permission by Barcelona to miss training. He announced his son's arrival on his Facebook page, writing, "Today I am the happiest man in the world, my son was born and thanks to God for this gift!"<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi Junior Named Thiago |publisher=ESPN FC |date=2 November 2012 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1211817/messi-becomes-a-father-son-named-thiago |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> Thiago's name and handprints are tattooed on his left calf.{{sfn|Caioli|2015|loc=ch. 38}} In April 2015, Messi confirmed on Facebook that they were expecting another child.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi's Wife Expecting Second Child, Barcelona Star Says |publisher=ESPN FC |date=30 April 2015 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/2426028/lionel-messis-wife-expecting-second-child-barca-star-says |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> He missed training ahead of a match against Atlético Madrid to attend the birth of his second son, Mateo, on 11 September 2015 in Barcelona.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi's Brother Confirms Birth of Barcelona Star's Second Child |work=FourFourTwo |date=11 September 2015 |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/messis-brother-confirms-birth-barcelona-stars-second-child |access-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> On 30 June 2017, he married Roccuzzo at a luxury hotel named Hotel City Center in Rosario with about 260 guests attending his wedding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.independent.ie/style/weddings/lionel-messi-marries-stunning-childhood-sweetheart-antonella-roccuzzo-in-argentine-home-town-35883938.html |title=Lionel Messi marries stunning childhood sweetheart Antonella Roccuzzo in Argentine home town |access-date=1 July 2017 |newspaper=Irish Independent}}</ref> On 15 October 2017, his wife announced they were expecting their third child in an [[Instagram]] post.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/the-toe-poke/65/post/3230393/lionel-messi-and-wife-antonella-roccuzzo-expecting-their-third-child |title=Lionel Messi and wife Antonella Roccuzzo expecting their third child |publisher=ESPN FC |date=15 October 2017|access-date=16 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/lionel-messi-makes-hat-trick-11346670 |title=Lionel Messi and wife Antonella Roccuzzo have big news |last=Smith |first=Alex |date=15 October 2017 |work=The Mirror|access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> On 10 March 2018, Messi skipped the match against Málaga after Ciro was born.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/messi-announces-arrival-of-third-child-after-withdrawing/6lclw0po6hsg1jjbc5ckl603l |title=Barcelona news: Lionel Messi announces arrival of third child after withdrawing from squad to face Malaga |access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Messi enjoys a close relationship with his immediate family members, particularly his mother, Celia, whose face he has tattooed on his left shoulder. His professional affairs are largely run as a family business: his father, Jorge, has been his agent since he was 14, and his oldest brother, Rodrigo, handles his daily schedule and publicity. His mother and other brother, Matías, manage his charitable organization, the Leo Messi Foundation, and take care of personal and professional matters in Rosario.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=31, 143, 570}}<br />
<br />
Since leaving for Spain at age 13, Messi has maintained close ties to his hometown of Rosario, even preserving his distinct Rosarino accent. He has kept ownership of his family's old house, although it has long stood empty; he maintains a penthouse apartment in an exclusive residential building for his mother, as well as a family compound just outside the city. Once when he was in training with the national team in Buenos Aires, he made a three-hour trip by car to Rosario immediately after practice to have dinner with his family, spent the night with them, and returned to Buenos Aires the next day in time for practice. Messi keeps in daily contact via phone and text with a small group of confidants in Rosario, most of whom were fellow members of "The Machine of '87" at Newell's Old Boys. He currently lives in [[Castelldefels]], a village near Barcelona. Although considered a [[List of one-club men in association football|one-club man]], he has long planned to return to Rosario to end his playing career at Newell's. He was on bad terms with the club after his transfer to Barcelona, but by 2012 their public feud had ended, with Newell's embracing their ties with Messi, even issuing a club membership card to his newborn son.<ref name="Here"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=576–577}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Wright |title=After Just 72 Hours on the Planet, Thiago Messi Signs for Newell's Old Boys |publisher=ESPN FC |date=5 November 2012 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/the-toe-poke/65/post/1850358/after-just-72-hours-on-the-planet-thiago-messi-signs-for-newells-old-boys |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Philanthropy ===<br />
Throughout his career, Messi has been involved in charitable efforts aimed at vulnerable children, a commitment that stems in part from the medical difficulties he faced in his own childhood. Since 2004, he has contributed his time and finances to the [[UNICEF|United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF), an organisation with which Barcelona also have a strong association.<ref name="Leo Messi: Goodwill Ambassador">{{cite web |title=Leo Messi: Goodwill Ambassador |publisher=UNICEF |date=25 May 2012 |url=http://www.unicef.org/people/people_52964.html |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Iain |last1=Rogers |first2=Justin |last2=Palmer |title=Barcelona Extend UNICEF Shirt Deal to 2016 |work=Reuters |date=12 November 2013 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-spain-barcelona-unicef-idUSBRE9AB0NZ20131112 |access-date=25 August 2015 |archive-date=24 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124194912/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/12/us-soccer-spain-barcelona-unicef-idUSBRE9AB0NZ20131112 |url-status=live}}</ref> Messi has served as a [[List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors|UNICEF goodwill ambassador]] since his appointment in March 2010, completing his first field mission for the organisation four months later as he travelled to Haiti to bring public awareness to the plight of the country's children in the wake of the [[2010 Haiti earthquake|recent earthquake]]. He has since participated in UNICEF campaigns targeting HIV prevention, education, and the social inclusion of disabled children.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 May 2015|title=Leo Messi Activity Highlights|url=http://www.unicef.org/people/people_52965.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907144838/https://www.unicef.org/people/people_52965.html|archive-date=7 September 2018|access-date=30 July 2021|publisher=UNICEF}}</ref> To celebrate his son's first birthday, in November 2013, Messi and Thiago were part of a publicity campaign to raise awareness of mortality rates among disadvantaged children.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Leo Messi's Son Turns One and Celebrates with UNICEF|publisher=UNICEF|date=28 October 2013|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_70751.html|access-date=30 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810091152/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_70751.html|archive-date=10 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Lionel Messi 31mar2007.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Messi (pictured in 2007) has worked with UNICEF since 2004 and has served as a [[List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors|UNICEF goodwill ambassador]] since 2010.]]<br />
In addition to his work with UNICEF, Messi founded his own charitable organisation, the Leo Messi Foundation, which supports access to health care, education, and sport for children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi Fast Facts |publisher=CNN |date=25 June 2015 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/08/world/europe/lionel-messi-fast-facts/ |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> It was established in 2007 following a visit Messi paid to a hospital for terminally ill children in Boston, an experience that resonated with him to the point that he decided to reinvest part of his earnings into society.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=576–577}} Through his foundation, Messi has awarded research grants, financed medical training, and invested in the development of medical centres and projects in Argentina, Spain, and elsewhere in the world.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=576–577}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Ooredoo, Messi Foundation Continue Expansion: Three New Mobile Health Clinics Launched in Algeria |newspaper=Arab Times |date=3 August 2015 |url=http://www.arabtimesonline.com/ooredoo-messi-foundation-continue-expansion/ |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> In addition to his own fundraising activities, such as his global "Messi and Friends" football matches, his foundation receives financial support from various companies to which he has assigned his name in endorsement agreements, with Adidas as their main sponsor.<ref>{{cite web |title='Lionel Messi and Friends' Soccer Tour Is One of Many Causes Argentine Superstar Supports |publisher=New England Sports Network |date=22 June 2012 |url=http://nesn.com/2012/06/lionel-messi-and-friends-soccer-tour-is-one-of-many-causes-argentine-superstar-supports/ |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Partners |publisher=Leo Messi Foundation |url=http://www.fundacionleomessi.org/nuestros-partners/ |access-date=25 August 2015 |archive-date=18 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318214259/http://www.fundacionleomessi.org/nuestros-partners/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Messi has also invested in youth football in Argentina: he financially supports Sarmiento, a football club based in the Rosario neighbourhood where he was born, committing in 2013 to the refurbishment of their facilities and the installation of all-weather pitches, and funds the management of several youth players at Newell's Old Boys and rival club [[Rosario Central]], as well as at [[Club Atlético River Plate|River Plate]] and [[Boca Juniors]] in Buenos Aires.{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=576–577}} At Newell's Old Boys, his boyhood club, he funded the 2012 construction of a new gymnasium and a dormitory inside the club's [[Estadio Marcelo Bielsa|stadium]] for their youth academy. His former youth coach at Newell's, Ernesto Vecchio, is employed by the Leo Messi Foundation as a talent scout for young players.<ref name="Here"/> On 7 June 2016, Messi won a libel case against [[La Razón (Madrid)|''La Razón'' newspaper]] and was awarded €65,000 in damages, which he donated to the charity [[Médecins Sans Frontières]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/story/2887818/argentinas-lionel-messi-wins-libel-case-and-donates-damages-to-charity |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi wins libel case, donates damages to charity |publisher=ESPN FC |date=7 June 2016}}</ref> Messi made a donation worth €1&nbsp;million ($1.1&nbsp;million) to fight the [[COVID-19 pandemic|spread of coronavirus]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Messi, Guardiola donate $1.08 million each to coronavirus battle |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-soccer-spain/messi-guardiola-donate-1-08-million-each-to-coronavirus-battle-idUSKBN21B3HV |work=Reuters |date=25 March 2020}}</ref> This was split between Clinic Barcelona hospital in [[Barcelona, Spain]] and his native Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wfsb.com/cristiano-ronaldo-and-lionel-messi-donate-to-hospitals-in-fight-against-coronavirus/article_1c669479-5ee2-5bb5-8ebd-77b9af3f36e2.html|title=Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi donate to hospitals in fight against coronavirus|first=Matias |last=Grez|work=WFSB|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> In addition to this, Messi along with his fellow [[FC Barcelona]] teammates announced he will be taking a 70% cut in salaries during the [[COVID-19 pandemic|2020 coronavirus emergency]], and contribute further to the club to provide fully to salaries of all the clubs employees.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2020/03/30/lionel-messis-coronavirus-wage-cut-could-cost-him-50-million/|title=Lionel Messi's Coronavirus Wage Cut Could Cost Him $50 Million|first=Christina|last=Settimi|work=Forbes|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2016, with the [[Argentine Football Association]] being run by a FIFA committee for emergency due to an economic crisis, it was reported that three of the national team's security staff told Messi that they had not received their salaries for six months. He stepped in and paid the salaries of the three members.<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina federation to have affairs managed by emergency FIFA panel |newspaper=ESPN FC |date=24 June 2016 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/fifa/243/post/2901179/argentina-federation-to-have-affairs-managed-by-emergency-fifa-panel}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Messi paid the salaries of Argentina's security team |newspaper=Marca |location=Spain |date=18 November 2016 |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2016/11/18/582f53b822601d46758b4610.html}}</ref> In February 2021, Messi donated his Adidas shoes to the [[Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya]] which he wore when he scored his 644th goal for Barcelona and broke Pelé's record for most goals scored for a single club, the shoes were later auctioned off in April by the museum for charity to help children with cancer and were sold for £125,000.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sport|date=12 February 2021|title=Adidas and Messi donate boots to Art Museum to be auctioned in April|url=https://www.sport.es/en/news/barca/adidas-and-messi-donate-boots-to-art-museum-to-be-auctioned-in-april-11514617|access-date=13 February 2021|work=Sport}}</ref><br />
<br />
In advance of the [[2021 Copa América]] in Uruguay, Messi donated three signed shirts to the Chinese pharmaceutical firm [[Sinovac Biotech]]—whose directors spoke of their admiration for Messi—in order to secure 50,000 doses of Sinovac's [[COVID-19 vaccine]], [[CoronaVac]], in the hope of vaccinating all of South America's football players.<ref name="Vac"/> A deal brokered by Uruguay's president [[Luis Lacalle Pou]], the plan to prioritise football players caused some controversy given widespread vaccine scarcity in the region, with the Mayor of [[Canelones, Uruguay|Canelones]] in Uruguay remarking that "Just as the president manifested cooperation with [[CONMEBOL]] to vaccinate for the Copa América, he could just as well have the same consideration for Canelones".<ref name="Vac">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/apr/14/lionel-messi-helps-obtain-50000-covid-vaccines-for-south-american-players|title=Lionel Messi helps obtain 50,000 Covid vaccines for South American players|first=Goni|last=Uki|work=The Guardian|date=14 April 2021|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Tax fraud ===<br />
Messi's financial affairs came under investigation in 2013 for suspected [[tax evasion]]. Offshore companies in [[tax haven]]s Uruguay and Belize were used to evade €4.1&nbsp;million in taxes related to sponsorship earnings between 2007 and 2009. An unrelated [[shell company]] in Panama set up in 2012 was subsequently identified as belonging to the Messis in the [[Panama Papers]] data leak. Messi, who pleaded ignorance of the alleged scheme, voluntarily paid arrears of €5.1&nbsp;million in August 2013. On 6 July 2016, Messi and his father were both found guilty of tax fraud and were handed [[Suspended sentence|suspended]] 21-month prison sentences and respectively ordered to pay €1.7&nbsp;million and €1.4&nbsp;million in fines.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.si.com/planet-futbol/2016/07/06/lionel-messi-tax-fraud-prison-jail-sentence |title=Messi, father guilty of tax fraud, given suspended 21-month sentences |work=Sports Illustrated |date=6 July 2016 |access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref> Facing the judge, he said, "I just played football. I signed the contracts because I trusted my dad and the lawyers and we had decided that they would take charge of those things."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/story/2884966/barcelonas-lionel-messi-in-tax-court-i-played-football-and-trusted-my-dad |title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi in tax court: I played football and trusted my father |work=ESPN FC |date=2 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career statistics ==<br />
=== Club ===<br />
{{updated|10 August 2021}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;""<br />
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Club<br />
!rowspan="2"|Season<br />
!colspan="3"|League<br />
!colspan="2"|National Cup<br />
!colspan="2"|[[UEFA|Europe]]{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}<br />
!colspan="2"|Other<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|[[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]]<br />
|{{nowrap|[[2003–04 Tercera División#Grupo V|2003–04]]{{sfn|Caioli|2012|pp=69–71}}}}<br />
|[[Tercera División]]<br />
|10||5||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||10||5<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]]<br />
|[[2003–04 Segunda División B#Group III|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04" /><br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Segunda División B]]<br />
|5||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5||0<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004–05 Segunda División B#Group III|2004–05]]<ref name="Matches 2004–05" /><br />
|17||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||17||6<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!32!!11!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!32!!11<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="18"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]<br />
|[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]]<ref name="Matches 2004–05" /><br />
|rowspan="17"|[[La Liga]]<br />
|7||1||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||9||1<br />
|-<br />
|[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]]<ref name="Matches 2005–06" /><br />
|17||6||2||1||6||1||0||0||25||8<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]]<ref name="Matches 2006–07" /><br />
|26||14||2||2||5||1||3{{efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], two appearances in [[Supercopa de España]]}}||0||36||17<br />
|-<br />
|[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]]<ref name="Matches 2007–08" /><br />
|28||10||3||0||9||6||colspan="2"|—||40||16<br />
|-<br />
|[[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]]<ref name="Matches 2008–09" /><br />
|31||23||8||6||12||9||colspan="2"|—||51||38<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|2009–10]]<ref name="Matches 2009–10" /><br />
|35||34||3||1||11||8||4{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Super Cup, one appearance and two goals in Supercopa de España, two appearances and two goals in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}}||4||53||47<br />
|-<br />
|[[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11]]<ref name="Matches 2010–11" /><br />
|33||31||7||7||13||12||2{{efn|name=SDE|Appearance(s) in Supercopa de España}}||3||55||53<br />
|-<br />
|[[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12]]<ref name="Matches 2011–12" /><br />
|37||50||7||3||11||14||5{{efn|One appearance and one goal in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances and three goals in Supercopa de España, two appearances and two goals in FIFA Club World Cup}}||6||60||73<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012–13 FC Barcelona season|2012–13]]<ref name="Matches 2012–13" /><br />
|32||46||5||4||11||8||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||2||50||60<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]]<ref name="Matches 2013–14" /><br />
|31||28||6||5||7||8||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||0||46||41<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2014–15 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2014-15 |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref><br />
|38||43||6||5||13||10||colspan="2"|—||57||58<br />
|-<br />
|[[2015–16 FC Barcelona season|2015–16]]<ref name="Matches 2015–16">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2015–16 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2015-16 |access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref><br />
|33||26||5||5||7||6||4{{efn|One appearance and two goals in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances and one goal in Supercopa de España, one appearance and one goal in FIFA Club World Cup}}||4||49||41<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016–17 FC Barcelona season|2016–17]]<ref name="Matches 2016–17">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2016–17 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2016-17 |access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref><br />
|34||37||7||5||9||11||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||1||52||54<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017–18 FC Barcelona season|2017–18]]<ref name="Matches 2017–18">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2017–18 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2017-18 |access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref><br />
|36||34||6||4||10||6||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||1||54||45<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018–19 FC Barcelona season|2018–19]]<ref name="Matches 2018–19">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2018–19 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2018-19 |access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref><br />
|34||36||5||3||10||12||1{{efn|name=SDE}}||0||50||51<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019–20 FC Barcelona season|2019–20]]<ref name="Matches 2019–20">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2019–20 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2019-20 |access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref><br />
|33||25||2||2||8||3||1{{efn|name=SDE}}||1||44||31<br />
|-<br />
|[[2020–21 FC Barcelona season|2020–21]]<ref name="Matches 2020–21">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2020–21 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2020-21 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref><br />
|35||30||5||3||6||5||1{{efn|name=SDE}}||0||47||38<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
!520||474||80||56||149||120||29||22||778||672<br />
|-<br />
|[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]<br />
|[[2021–22 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref name="Matches 2021–22">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2021–22 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2021-22 |access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref><br />
|[[Ligue 1]]<br />
|0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="3"|Career total<br />
!552||485||80||56||149||120||29||22||810||683<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
=== International ===<br />
{{See also|List of international goals scored by Lionel Messi}}<br />
{{updated|match played 10 July 2021}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;""<br />
|+ Appearances and goals by national team, year and competition<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|Team<br />
!rowspan=2|Year<br />
!colspan=2|Competitive<br />
!colspan=2|Friendly<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Argentina national under-20 football team|Argentina U20]]{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=209–219}}{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=220–240}}<br />
|2004<br />
|colspan=2|—||2||3||2||3<br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
|16{{efn|Nine appearances and five goals in the [[2005 South American U-20 Championship]], seven appearances and six goals in the [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship]]}}||11||colspan=2|—||16||11<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!16||11||2||3||18||14<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Argentina national under-23 football team|Argentina U23]]{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=436–437}}<br />
|2008<br />
|5{{efn|Appearances in [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]}}||2||colspan=2|—||5||2<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!5||2||0||0||5||2<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=18|[[Argentina national football team|Argentina]]<ref name="Century"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi: Player Profile |publisher=ESPN FC |url=http://www.espnfc.com/player/45843/lionel-messi |access-date=9 September 2015}}</ref><br />
|2005<br />
|3{{efn|name=WCQ|Appearance(s) in [[FIFA World Cup qualification]]}}||0||2||0||5||0<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|3{{efn|name=WCF|Appearance(s) in [[FIFA World Cup]]}}||1||4||1||7||2<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|10{{efn|Six appearances and two goals in [[Copa América]], four appearances and two goals in FIFA World Cup qualification}}||4||4||2||14||6<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|6{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||2||1||8||2<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|8{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||2||2||10||3<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|5{{efn|name=WCF}}||0||5||2||10||2<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|8{{efn|Four appearances in Copa América, four appearances and two goals in FIFA World Cup qualification}}||2||5||2||13||4<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||5||4||7||9||12<br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
|5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||3||2||3||7||6<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|7{{efn|name=WCF}}||4||7||4||14||8<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|6{{efn|name=CA|Appearance(s) in Copa América}}||1||2||3||8||4<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|10{{efn|Five appearances and three goals in FIFA World Cup qualification, five appearances and five goals in Copa América}}||8||1||0||11||8<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||4||2||0||7||4<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|4{{efn|name=WCF}}||1||1||3||5||4<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|6{{efn|name=CA}}||1||4||4||10||5<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|4{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||0||0||4||1<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|9{{efn|Two appearances and one goal in FIFA World Cup qualification, seven appearances and four goals in Copa América}}||5||0||0||9||5<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!104||42||47||34||151||76<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Career total<br />
!125||55||49||37||174||92<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== Honours ==<br />
{{For|a comprehensive listing of Messi's achievements|List of career achievements by Lionel Messi}}<br />
<br />
=== Club ===<br />
'''Barcelona'''<ref>[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players/4974/lionel-messi Lionel Messi]; Barcelona's official website</ref><br />
<br />
* [[La Liga]] (10): [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]], [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]]<br />
* [[Copa del Rey]] (7): [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]], [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Copa del Rey|2017–18]], [[2020–21 Copa del Rey|2020–21]]<br />
* [[Supercopa de España]] (8): [[2005 Supercopa de España|2005]], [[2006 Supercopa de España|2006]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]], [[2010 Supercopa de España|2010]], [[2011 Supercopa de España|2011]], [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]], [[2016 Supercopa de España|2016]], [[2018 Supercopa de España|2018]]<br />
* [[UEFA Champions League]] (4): [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2005–06]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]]<br />
* [[UEFA Super Cup]] (3): [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|2009]], [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]]<br />
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]] (3): [[2009 FIFA Club World Cup|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup|2011]], [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]]<br />
<br />
=== International ===<br />
'''Argentina U20'''<br />
* [[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Final|2005]]<br />
<br />
'''Argentina U23'''<br />
* [[Football at the Summer Olympics#Men's tournament|Summer Olympics]]: [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008]]<br />
<br />
'''Argentina'''<br />
* [[Copa América]]: [[2021 Copa América|2021]]; runner-up (3): [[2007 Copa América|2007]], [[2015 Copa América|2015]], [[2016 Copa América|2016]]<br />
* [[FIFA World Cup]] runner-up: [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]]<br />
<br />
=== Individual ===<br />
[[File:Messi with Neymar Junior the Future of Brazil.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Messi ([[FIFA Club World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Golden Ball winner]]) pictured with future Barcelona and PSG team-mate [[Neymar]] (Bronze Ball winner) at the conclusion of [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final|2011 FIFA Club World Cup]].]]{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|}}<br />
<br />
* [[Ballon d'Or]]/[[FIFA Ballon d'Or]] (6): [[2009 Ballon d'Or|2009]], [[2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2010]], [[2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2011]], [[2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2012]], [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2015]], [[2019 Ballon d'Or|2019]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2019/12/02/ballon-dorlive-updates-ceremony-lionel-messi-virgil-van-dijk/|title=Ballon d'Or: live updates from the ceremony as Lionel Messi and Virgil van Dijk compete for top award|last=Magee|first=Will|date=2 December 2019|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2 December 2019|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name="BdorRSSSF">{{cite web |title=European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or") |publisher=RSSSF |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/europa-poy.html |access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="FIFA Ballon d'Or: History" /><br />
* [[FIFA World Player of the Year]]: [[2009 FIFA World Player of the Year|2009]]<ref name="FIFA Ballon d'Or: History">{{cite web |title=FIFA Ballon d'Or: History |publisher=FIFA |url=https://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/history/index.html |access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref><br />
* [[The Best FIFA Men's Player]]: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019|2019]]<ref name="Messi FIFA2019">{{cite web |url=https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/final-results-the-best-fifa-football-awards-2019.pdf?cloudid=wgozggskvgbewa2vsxxy|title=The FIFA Football Awards Voting Results 2019 |work=FIFA |format=PDF |date=23 September 2019 |access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref><br />
*[[European Golden Shoe]] (6): 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19<ref name="46Goals" /><ref name="MessiFourthGoldenShoe" /><ref name="Messi5thGoldenShoe" /><ref name="SixthGoldenShoe" /><br />
* [[FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Ball|FIFA World Cup Golden Ball]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup#Awards|2014]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Messi, Neuer Heralded as Brazil 2014's Best |publisher=FIFA |date=13 July 2014 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=messi-heralded-as-brazil-2014-s-best-2404615.html |access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref><br />
* [[La Liga Awards#Winners|La Liga Best Player]] (6): [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Honours">{{cite news |first=Paul M. |last=Otero |title=Palmarés de un Genio: El Coleccionista de Trofeos |trans-title=Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies |newspaper=Marca |location=Spain |date=12 November 2013 |language=es |url=http://www.marca.com/accesible/2013/11/12/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1384256483.html |access-date=13 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328162523/https://www.marca.com/accesible/2013/11/12/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1384256483.html |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="MessiBest">{{cite web |title=Messi, Mejor Delantero y Mejor Jugador |trans-title=Messi, Best Forward and Best Player |publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional |language=es |date=2 December 2013 |url=https://www.ligabbva.com/liga-bbva/126953/messi-mejor-delantero-y-mejor-jugador-cristiano-jugador-mas-valioso/ |access-date=13 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113604/https://www.ligabbva.com/liga-bbva/126953/messi-mejor-delantero-y-mejor-jugador-cristiano-jugador-mas-valioso/ |archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="2014–15BBVA">{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi, 2014–15 Liga BBVA Best Player |publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional |date=30 November 2015 |url=http://www.laliga.es/en/noticias/lionel-messi-201415-liga-bbva-best-player |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322140218/https://www.laliga.es/en/noticias/lionel-messi-201415-liga-bbva-best-player |archive-date=22 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* [[Footballer of the Year of Argentina#Winners|Olimpia de Plata (Argentine Footballer of the Year)]] (12): 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019<ref name="Honours" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Premios Olimpia 2015: La Judoca Paula Pareto se Llevó el Oro y los de Plata Fueron Para Messi, Marco Ruben, Andrés Nocioni y Adolfo Cambiaso |trans-title=Olympia Awards 2015: The Judoca Paula Pareto Took the Gold and Silver Was for Messi, Marco Ruben, Andrés Nocioni and Adolfo Cambiaso |publisher=LRA Radio Nacional |language=es |date=23 December 2015 |url=http://www.radionacional.com.ar/?p=88753 |access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Los Ganadores de Olimpia de Plata en Cada Deporte, con los Medallistas Dorados de Río entre los Destacados |trans-title=The Winners of the Silver Olimpia in Each Sport, with the Gold Medalists of Río among the Highlights |newspaper=La Nacion |language=es |date=20 December 2016 |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1968952-los-ganadores-de-olimpia-de-plata-en-cada-deporte-con-los-medallistas-dorados-de-rio-entre-los-destacados |access-date=21 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Delfina Pignatiello se quedó con el Olimpia de Oro |url=https://tn.com.ar/deportes/esencial/delfina-pignatiello-se-quedo-con-el-olimpia-de-oro_841098 |newspaper=TN |location=Buenos Aires |date=20 December 2017 |access-date=26 January 2018 |language=es}}</ref><br />
* [[Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year|Laureus World Sportsman of the Year]]: 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=Messi wins the Laureus award for 'Best Sportsman of the Year'|agency=FC Barcelona|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1613453/messi-wins-the-laureus-award-for-best-sportsman-of-the-year|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref><br />
* [[Ballon d'Or Dream Team#First Team|Ballon d'Or Dream Team]]: 2020<ref>{{cite web |last=Crépin |first=Timothé |title=Ballon d'Or Dream Team : Découvrez les révélations de ce onze de légende ! |url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Ballon-d-or-dream-team-decouvrez-les-revelations-de-ce-onze-de-legende/1205748 |website=[[France Football]] |language=fr |date=14 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Portal|Association football|Argentina}}<br />
* [[List of men's footballers with 500 or more goals]]<br />
* [[List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals]]<br />
* [[List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps]]<br />
* [[List of top international men's football goal scorers by country|List of top international men's football goalscorers by country]]<br />
* [[European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics]]<br />
* [[Football records and statistics in Spain]]<br />
* [[FIFA World Cup awards]]<br />
* [[List of most-followed Instagram accounts]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist-ua}}<br />
{{Reflist|group=note}}<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Messi |last=Balagué |first=Guillem |date=2013 |publisher=Orion Books |isbn=978-1-4091-4659-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/messibiography0000bala}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Messi: The Inside Story of the Boy Who Became a Legend |last=Caioli |first=Luca |date=2012 |publisher=Corinthian Books |isbn=978-1-906850-40-1}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Messi: More than a Superstar |last=Caioli |first=Luca |date=2015 |publisher=Icon Books |isbn=978-1-906850-91-3}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Guinness World Records 2015 |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_f8z3 |url-access=registration |date=2014 |publisher=Guinness World Records |isbn=978-1-908843-65-4 |ref={{harvid|Guinness World Records|2014}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Barça: The Making of the Greatest Team in the World |last=Hunter |first=Graham |date=2012 |publisher=BackPage Press |isbn=978-0-9564971-8-5}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=A History of the World Cup: 1930–2010 |last=Lisi |first=Clemente Angelo |date=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7754-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofworldcu0000lisi_v7i5}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Above Us Only Sky: Liverpool FC's Global Revolution |last=Tomkins |first=Paul |date=2007 |publisher=Anchor Print Group |isbn=978-0-9556367-0-7}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Sister project links|b=no|d=yes|n=yes|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website}}<br />
* [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players/4974/lionel-messi Profile] at [[FC Barcelona]]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180719183842/http://www.laliga.es/en/player/messi Profile] at [[La Liga]]<br />
* {{ESPN FC}}<br />
* {{BDFutbol}}<br />
* {{Soccerbase}}<br />
* {{Soccerway}}<br />
* {{NFT player}}<br />
* {{FIFA player}}<br />
* {{UEFA player}}<br />
<br />
{{Paris Saint-Germain F.C. squad}}<br />
{{Navboxes top<br />
| title = Argentina squads<br />
| bg = #6AB5FF<br />
| fg = white<br />
| bordercolor = #00355E <br />
}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}}<br />
{{Argentina men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2011 Copa América}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2015 Copa América}}<br />
{{Argentina squad Copa América Centenario}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2019 Copa América}}<br />
{{Argentina squad 2021 Copa América}}<br />
{{Navboxes bottom}}<br />
{{Navboxes top<br />
| title = Awards<br />
| bg = gold<br />
| fg = navy <br />
}}<br />
{{2014 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{2007 Copa América Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{2015 Copa América Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{Copa América Centenario Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{2021 Copa América Team of the Tournament}}<br />
{{FIFA World Cup Golden Ball}}<br />
{{Copa América top scorers}}<br />
{{Copa América MVP}}<br />
{{Copa América winning captains}}<br />
{{FIFA U-20 World Cup awards}}<br />
{{Ballon d'Or recipients}}<br />
{{FIFA Player of the Year}}<br />
{{World Soccer Footballer of the Year}}<br />
{{FourFourTwo player of the year}}<br />
{{Goal 50 Best Player}}<br />
{{Globe Soccer Awards best Player}}<br />
{{Guardian Best Male Footballers In The World}}<br />
{{IFFHS World's Best Playmaker}}<br />
{{IFFHS World's Best Top Goal Scorer}}<br />
{{IFFHS World's Best International Top Goal Scorer}}<br />
{{FIFPro awards}}<br />
{{Onze Mondial European Footballer of the Year}}<br />
{{UEFA Men's Player of the Year}}<br />
{{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}}<br />
{{UEFA Club Football Awards}}<br />
{{Argentine Footballer of the Year}}<br />
{{La Liga Best Player of the Year}}<br />
{{La Liga Foreign Player of the Year}}<br />
{{La Liga Forward of the Year}}<br />
{{Golden Boy award winners}}<br />
{{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}}<br />
{{European Golden Shoe}}<br />
{{UEFA Champions League top scorers}}<br />
{{La Liga top scorers}}<br />
{{Copa del Rey top scorers}}<br />
{{2008 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2009 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2011 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2012 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2014 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2015 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2016 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2017 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2018 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2019 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2020 UEFA Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2014–15 La Liga Team of the Year}}<br />
{{2015–16 La Liga Team of the Year}}<br />
{{Sports Illustrated Soccer 2000s All-Decade Team}}<br />
{{World Soccer Greatest XI of All Time}}<br />
{{Ballon d'Or Dream Team}}<br />
{{IFFHS World's Man Team of the Decade 2011–2020}}<br />
{{Trofeo EFE}}<br />
{{Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano}}<br />
{{Trofeo Aldo Rovira}}<br />
{{Bravo Award winners}}<br />
{{Laureus World Sportsman of the Year}}<br />
{{ESPY International Athlete}}<br />
{{Navboxes bottom}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}}<br />
[[Category:Lionel Messi| ]]<br />
[[Category:1987 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:2007 Copa América players]]<br />
[[Category:2010 FIFA World Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:2011 Copa América players]]<br />
[[Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:2015 Copa América players]]<br />
[[Category:2018 FIFA World Cup players]]<br />
[[Category:2019 Copa América players]]<br />
[[Category:2021 Copa América players]]<br />
[[Category:Argentina international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Argentina under-20 international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Argentina youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine emigrants to Spain]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine expatriate footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine expatriate sportspeople in France]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine fraudsters]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine people of Catalan descent]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine people of Italian descent]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine people of Marchesan descent]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine people of Spanish descent]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:Argentine Roman Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:Association football forwards]]<br />
[[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]]<br />
[[Category:Copa América Centenario players]]<br />
[[Category:Copa América-winning players]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in France]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Spain]]<br />
[[Category:FC Barcelona players]]<br />
[[Category:FC Barcelona B players]]<br />
[[Category:FC Barcelona C players]]<br />
[[Category:FIFA Century Club]]<br />
[[Category:FIFA World Player of the Year winners]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Barcelona]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Rosario, Santa Fe]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Boy winners]]<br />
[[Category:La Liga players]]<br />
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]<br />
[[Category:Laureus World Sports Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of Spain]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic footballers of Argentina]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Argentina]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic medalists in football]]<br />
[[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]]<br />
[[Category:People convicted of fraud]]<br />
[[Category:People convicted of tax crimes]]<br />
[[Category:People named in the Panama Papers]]<br />
[[Category:Pichichi Trophy winners]]<br />
[[Category:Segunda División B players]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople convicted of crimes]]<br />
[[Category:Tercera División players]]<br />
[[Category:UEFA Champions League winning players]]<br />
[[Category:UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vikram_Batra&diff=138522Vikram Batra2021-08-19T06:04:03Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Indian army officer, Param Vir Chakra recipient (1974–1999)}} {{pp-pc|small=yes}} {{use Indian English|date=October 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian army officer, Param Vir Chakra recipient (1974–1999)}}<br />
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}<br />
{{use Indian English|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox military person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]<br />
| name = Vikram Batra<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]<br />
| image = Vikram_Batra_PVC.jpg<br />
| image_size = 240px<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1974|09|09|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Palampur]], Himachal Pradesh, India<br />
| death_place = [[Kargil district|Kargil]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1999|07|07|1974|09|09|df=y}} <br />
| nickname = <br />
| resting_place = <br />
| resting_place_coordinates = <br />
| residence = <br />
| branch = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1997–1999<br />
| servicenumber = IC-57556<br />
| rank = [[File:Captain of the Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]<br />
| other_names = <br />
| awards = [[File:Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg|32px]] [[Param Vir Chakra]]<br />
| unit = <!-- Commented out: [[File:Rgt-jkr.gif|48px]] --> [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles|13 JAK RIF]]<br />
| education = <br />
| allegiance = {{flagicon|India}} [[Republic of India]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Indian Military Academy]]<br />
| battles = [[Kargil War]]<br/>[[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]]<br/>[[#Capture of Point 5140|Battle of Point 5140]]<br/>[[#Capture of Point 4875|Battle of Point 4875]]<br />
| employer = <br />
| occupation = <br />
| title = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] '''Vikram Batra''', {{Post-nominals|country=IND|PVC}} (9 September 1974 – 7 July 1999) was an officer of the [[Indian Army]]. He was awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]], India's highest and most prestigious award for valour, for his actions during the 1999 [[Kargil War]], during which he led one of the most difficult mountain warfare operations in Indian history. Internal messages of the Pakistani Army intercepted by India often referred to him as ''Sher Shah'' ("Lion King").<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Batra was born on 9 September 1974, in a small town in [[Palampur]], Himachal Pradesh. He was the third child of Girdhari Lal Batra, a government school principal, and Kamal Kanta Batra, a school teacher. He was the elder of twin sons, and was born fourteen minutes before his brother, named Vishal. The twins were nicknamed: '[[Lava (Ramayana)|Luv]]' (Vikram) and '[[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kush]]' (Vishal), after the twin sons of the Hindu deity [[Rama]], by their mother as she was a staunch devotee of Rama.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=21}} He had two sisters: Seema and Nutan (also called Neetu).{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=19–21}} He got his primary education from his mother, who herself was a teacher.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=22}}{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{Efn|Kamal Kanta Batra later joined the [[Aam Aadmi Party]], but quit after an unsuccessful run from [[Hamirpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]] for the [[Lok Sabha]] in the [[2014 Indian general elections]].<ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/captain-vikram-batras-mother-on-quitting-aap-720816 Captain Vikram Batra's Mother On Quitting AAP]. [[NDTV]].</ref>}} He then attended the D.A.V. Public School in Palampur, where he studied up to [[Middle school#India|middle standard]].{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=22}} He received his [[Education in India#Secondary education|senior secondary education]] at [[Kendriya Vidyalaya|Central School]], Palampur.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=22}}{{sfn|Batra|2017}} <br />
<br />
Besides being brilliant at studies, Batra was a keen sportsman and represented his school at the national level during the Youth Parliamentary competitions at [[Delhi]]. He excelled at many sports and represented his school and college in [[table tennis]], [[Karate]] and other such games. However, it was in the table tennis where he truly excelled. In 1990, he and his twin brother represented their school in table tennis at All India [[Kendriya Vidyalaya|KVS]] Nationals.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=24–26}}{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|pp=266–267}}{{sfn|Rediff|2000}} He also was a green belt holder in Karate and went on to attend a national level camp in [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]].{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=24}}<br />
<br />
After completing his [[Twelfth grade#India|Class XII]] board examinations in 1992 from Central School, he attended [[DAV College, Chandigarh]] in [[Bachelor of Medical Sciences#India|B.Sc Medical Sciences]].{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=24}} At college, he joined the Air Wing of the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC) while he was in the first year.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}} During the Inter-State NCC Camp, he was adjudged the best NCC Air Wing cadet of Punjab Directorate in North Zone.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=267}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=33}} He was selected and underwent a 40-day paratrooping training with his NCC Air Wing unit at Pinjore Airfield and Flying Club, about 35 kilometres away from Chandigarh.{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=28}} During the next two years in DAV, he remained a cadet of the Army Wing of NCC.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}} In addition, he was the president of the Youth Service Club of his college.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}}<br />
<br />
He afterward qualified for the 'C' certificate in the NCC and attained the rank of [[Under officer#India|Senior Under Officer]] in his NCC unit.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=33}} Subsequently, in 1994, he was selected and took part in the [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Republic Day parade]] as a NCC cadet, and when he came back home, he told his parents that he wanted to join the Army.{{sfn|Rediff|2000}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=29, 33}} His maternal grandfather was also a soldier in the Indian Army.{{sfn|Rediff|2000}} In 1995, while still in college, he was selected for the [[merchant navy]] at a shipping company headquartered in [[Hong Kong]], but ultimately he changed his mind, telling his mother that "Money is not everything in life; I have to do something bigger in life, something great, something extraordinary, which may bring fame to my country."{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Rediff|2000}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=29}} That same year he completed his bachelor's degree, graduating from the DAV College in Chandigarh.{{sfn|Banerjee|2002}}<br />
<br />
Following completion of his bachelor's degree in 1995, he enrolled at [[Panjab University]] in [[Chandigarh]], where he took admission in [[Master of Arts|MA]] English course, so that he could prepare for the [[Combined Defence Services Examination|"Combined Defence Services"]] (CDS) Examination.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=267}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=33–35}} He attended evening classes at the University and worked part-time in the morning as a branch manager of a travelling agency in Chandigarh.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=33}} "I do not want to be a burden on you, dad," he had told his father.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}}<br />
<br />
In 1996, he passed the CDS examination and subsequently received a call for interview at the [[Services Selection Board]] (SSB) at [[Allahabad]] and got selected.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=35}} He was among the top 35 candidates in the Order of Merit.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=35}} After completing a year (session 1995—96) toward the degree of [[Master of Arts|MA]] in English, he left the University to join the [[Indian Military Academy]].{{sfn|Banerjee|2002}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=272}}<br />
<br />
In the words of his father, <blockquote>Vikram had found his purpose in life. He had found the way to a righteous path that would lead him to his goal — to a service that was extraordinarily high and supreme.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=35}}</blockquote><br />
<br />
== Military career ==<br />
[[File:2012 IMA POP.jpg|thumb|right|[[Indian Military Academy]] ]]<br />
<br />
Batra joined the [[Indian Military Academy]] (IMA) at Dehradun, in June 1996 in the Manekshaw Battalion.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=36}} After completing his 19-month training course, he passed out from the IMA on 6 December 1997 and was commissioned as a [[lieutenant]] into the Indian Army.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=36–43}} He was commissioned into the 13th battalion of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles]] (13 JAK Rif). After commissioning, he was sent to [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] for regimental training. The training lasted one month, from December, 1997 to the end of January, 1998.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=44}}<br />
<br />
On completion of this training he got his first posting at [[Sopore]] in [[Baramulla district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], an area with significant [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|militant activity]].{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=44}} In mid-March 1998, he was sent to the Infantry School at [[Mhow]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], where young Army officers are trained, for the Young Officer's Course. This training lasted five months until September 1998. Following completion of the course and being awarded alpha grading, he joined his battalion in Sopore in October 1998.{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=44}}<br />
<br />
During his posting in Sopore, Batra had several encounters with militants. In one of those encounters when Batra was leading an ambush with his [[platoon]] into an area of dense forest, he had a miraculous escape when a bullet fired by a militant grazed his shoulder and struck one of Batra's men behind him, killing the soldier. Believing that the bullet was meant for him and not his colleague, he ordered his men to nab the militants, and by morning all of the militants were killed.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=45–46}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=275}} Batra, however, was saddened, because he knew that the bullet was meant for him. "''Didi'', it was meant for me and I lost my man," he had told his elder sister over the phone.{{sfn|Masih|2004}}<br />
<br />
In January 1999, Batra was sent on a Commando Course at [[Belgaum]], [[Karnataka]] where he excelled. The course lasted for two months and at the end of it, he was awarded the highest grading — the Instructor's Grade.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=46–47}}<br />
<br />
Every time when he came home to Palampur on leave, he would visit the Neugal Cafe.{{sfn|Masih|2004}} Batra last came home on leave from the army in 1999, during the [[Holi]] festival for a few days. During that time, when he went to the café for a coffee, he met an acquaintance who told him to be careful in the war, to which Batra replied: <blockquote>I'll either come back after raising the Indian flag in victory or return wrapped in it. But I'll come for sure.{{sfn|NCERT|2016|p=127}}{{sfn|Masih|2004}}{{sfn|Karmakar et al.|2009}}</blockquote><br />
[[File:Drass and Tololing Range.jpg|thumb|right|The town of [[Dras]], the second coldest inhabited place in the world after [[Siberia]], where temperature fall as low as –60 degrees Celsius in winter.{{sfn|Dutt|2000|p=306}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=18}}]]<br />
<br />
After his leave, he returned to join his battalion in Sopore.{{sfn|Masih|2004}} The 13 JAK Rif, after completing its [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|CI Ops]] (counter-insurgency operations) tenure in Kashmir under 192 Mountain Brigade of 8 Mountain Division, received orders to proceed to [[Shahjahanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The battalion's advance party under Major [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi]] had reached its destination, when on 5 June, because of the outbreak of the war, its deployment orders were changed and the battalion received orders to move to [[Dras]].{{sfn|Rawat|2014|pp=263, 267}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=223}}<br />
<br />
Batra informed his parents about his movement and assured them that they need not worry about him.{{sfn|Masih|2004}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=52}} He would call his parents at least once in ten days.{{sfn|Masih|2004}} The last phone call he made was on 29 June 1999, in which he said "Mommy, ek dum fit hoon, fikar mat karna", ("I'm absolutely fine. Don't you worry.") This was the last time that Batra spoke to his mother.{{sfn|Masih|2004}}<br />
<br />
Beginning his service as a lieutenant, he rose to the rank of [[captain (land)|Captain]].{{sfn|Masih|2004}}<br />
<br />
== Kargil War ==<br />
{{main|Kargil War}}<br />
[[File:Kargil War Memorial, Kargil.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kargil War Memorial]] with Tololing Ranges in the background at Dras]]<br />
<br />
Batra's battalion, the 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles (13 JAK Rif), reached Dras on 6 June, was placed under the command of 56 Mountain Brigade, and was given orders to act as reserves to the 2nd battalion of the [[Rajputana Rifles]] (2 Raj Rif) during their attack on [[Battle of Tololing|Tololing]] mountain.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=223}} The 18th battalion of [[The Grenadiers]] (18 Grenadiers) first attacked Tololing on 22 May, but were unable to capture the peak.{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=158}}{{sfn|Dutt|2000|p=226}}{{sfn|Marston|2008|p=151}} 18 Grenadiers made four attempts to capture Tololing,{{sfn|Malik|2006|pp=158–161}}{{sfn|Dutt|2000|pp=226–227}} but could only succeed in securing the lower slopes,{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=160}}{{sfn|Singh|2014|p=132}} while suffering heavy casualties.{{sfn|Dutt|2000|pp=226–227}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|pp=267–268}} Eventually, 2 Raj Rif was assigned the mission of capturing Tololing and they did so on 13 June 1999.{{sfn|Marston|2008|p=151}}<br />
<br />
After the capture of Tololing, 13 JAK Rif marched from Dras to Tololing, reaching their destination in 12 hours.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}} Upon reaching, Alpha company of 13 JAK Rif took over Tololing and a portion of the Hump Complex from 18 Grenadiers.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}}<br />
<br />
===Capture of Point 5140===<br />
The task of capturing Point 5140, a strategically important mountain peak in the Dras sector, was assigned to 13 JAK Rif under the command of [[Lieutenant Colonel]] Yogesh Kumar Joshi on 17 June 1999.{{sfn|The Tribune|1999}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=223}} After the capture of Rocky Knob, located at the base of Point 5140 and about 800 metres away,{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=163}}{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=175}} Humps IX and X (part of Hump Complex, consisting of about ten high grounds numbered I to X on the same ridgeline about 500–700 metres north of Point 4590{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=223}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=162}}) on 17 June, the battalion's commanding officer, Joshi, fell back to Tololing, and started planning for their next objective — Point 5140.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=225}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=164}} Point 5140, about 1500 metres north of Tololing on the same ridgeline,{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=163}} is at an altitude of 16,962 feet above sea level and overlooks the Tololing [[nullah]].{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=175}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=3}} It is the highest point on the Tololing ridgeline and the most formidable feature in the Dras sub-sector.{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=xix}}{{sfn|Mayadas|1999|p=28}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}}<br />
<br />
On 18 June, the battalion carried out a detailed reconnaissance of Point 5140. It revealed that the enemy had put in place seven [[Sangar (fortification)|sangars]] on the feature; two on the top, four towards the east and one towards the north.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|pp=164–165}} It also revealed that the eastern approach to the feature was comparatively easier than that from the front, which had a near vertical climb, dominated by the top, though it was also more heavily defended.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}} It was decided that the assaulting troops must capture the Top before dawn, or else the enemy would inflict maximum casualties on them.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=39}}<br />
<br />
Joshi decided to attack Point 5140 with Bravo Company, under the command of Lieutenant Sanjeev Singh Jamwal, and Delta Company, under the command of Lieutenant Vikram Batra, from two sides; East and South.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}} At the Hump Complex, the two officers, Jamwal and Batra, received their briefing about the mission from Joshi.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}} During the briefing, Jamwal chose the words "Oh! Yeah, yeah, yeah!" to be the success signal for his company whilst Batra chose the words "[[Yeh Dil Mange More!]]" (This heart wants more! — from a popular advertising slogan of [[Pepsi ]]) as his success signal for his company.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}}{{sfn|Jaffrelot|2008|p=274}} [[D-Day (military term)|D-Day]] was set for 19 June, and H-Hour at 2030.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}}{{efn|H-Hour is the time at which an assault begins{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=162}}}}<br />
<br />
Under the cover of artillery fire, the two assault companies began climbing Point 5140 after midnight on 20 June.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}}{{sfn|The Tribune|1999}} The artillery at Hump Complex had already begun its preparatory bombardment of Point 5140.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=269}} As planned, the artillery guns would stop firing when the troops were 200&nbsp;metres short of the objective.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=39}}<br />
<br />
Once the artillery guns, including the [[Multiple rocket launcher|MBRL]]s and [[105mm Indian Field Gun|105&nbsp;mm]] guns, had ceased firing, the Pakistani soldiers immediately came out of their bunkers and put down heavy fire with their machine guns on the advancing Indian soldiers. At that moment, both Jamwal and Batra, realising the gravity of the situation, contacted commanders at the base via radio, asking to continue artillery bombardment of the enemy positions till the companies were 100&nbsp;metres from their target.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=39}}<br />
<br />
By 0315 hours, both B and D Companies had reached the vicinity of Point 5140 despite the treacherous terrain.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}} B company reached the top of the feature first and assaulted from the left flank.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}} By 0330 hours, B company had captured its objective,{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}} and at 0335 hours Jamwal radioed his command post, saying the words "Oh! Yeah, yeah, yeah!"{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}}<br />
<br />
Batra decided to approach the hill from the rear,{{sfn|Masih|2004}} aiming to surprise the enemy,{{sfn|NCERT|2016|p=125}} and to cut off their withdrawal route.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}} Batra fired three rockets towards the bunkers on the east side of the feature, before attacking them.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} He and his men ascended the sheer rock-cliff, but as the group neared the top, the enemy pinned them on the face of the bare cliff with machine gun fire.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}} Batra, along with five of his men, climbed up regardless and after reaching the top, hurled two grenades at the machine gun post.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}}{{sfn|Karmakar et al.|2009}} Batra then killed three enemy soldiers single-handedly in close combat.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}}{{sfn|Karmakar et al.|2009}} He was seriously injured in the process,{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}}{{sfn|Karmakar et al.|2009}} but insisted on regrouping his men to continue with the mission.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}} He continued to lead his troops, and then charged at the next enemy position, capturing Point 5140.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}} In all its actions, his company killed at least eight Pakistani intruders and recovered a heavy anti-aircraft machine gun.{{sfn|Batra|2017}} The remaining enemy soldiers fled.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}<br />
<br />
At 0435 hours, Batra radioed his command post, saying the words "Yeh dil mange more!".{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} Considerable quantities of arms and ammunition were recovered from the feature. The captured munitions indicated that the enemy's strength was about a platoon.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} Neither B or D companies suffered any casualties in the battle.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=270}}{{sfn|Rathore|2016|p=74}} When the news reached brigade headquarters that Point 5140 had been captured, the brigade commander asked Joshi about the casualties, his reply was: "There was not a single casualty. Not a single soldier died in the operation."{{sfn|Rathore|2016|p=74}} The capture of Point 5140 set in motion a string of successes, such as the captures of Point 5100, Point 4700, Junction Peak and the Three Pimple Complex.<br />
<br />
After the capture of Point 5140, Batra was promoted to the rank of [[Captain (armed forces)|captain]].{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=273}} General [[Ved Prakash Malik]], the then [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]], called to congratulate him. All across the nation, his triumph was being played out on television screens.{{sfn|Masih|2004}}<br />
<br />
On 26 June, shortly after the capture of Point 5140, 13 JAK Rif was ordered to move from Dras to Ghumri to rest, refit, and recoup.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=270}} The battalion then moved to [[Mushkoh Valley]] on 30 June.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}<br />
<br />
===Capture of Point 4875===<br />
Upon reaching Mushkoh Valley, the 13 JAK Rifles was placed under the command of 79 Mountain Brigade.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} The next assignment for Batra's battalion was to capture the Point 4875, a strategically important peak located in the Mushkoh Valley.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} Since the feature dominated the [[National Highway 1 (India)|National Highway 1]] completely from Dras to Matayan, it became imperative for the Indian Army to capture this notorious Point 4875.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=179}} A stretch of 30–40 kilometres of the national highway was under direct observation of the enemy.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} From Point 4875, Pakistani [[artillery observer]]s could easily see Indian gun positions, army camps and troop movement, and bring down effective artillery fire at will.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=177}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=179}}<br />
<br />
On 1 July 1999, Major S Vijay Bhaskar, 'A' Company commander and Lt. Col. Joshi, commanding officer of the 13 JAK Rifles, conducted their preliminary reconnaissance, after climbing to a vantage point, and formulated an attack plan.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} Subsequently, on 2 July, General Officer Commanding 8 Mountain Division, Major General Mohinder Puri and Brigadier Rajesh Kumar Kakkar Commander 79 Mountain Brigades and Lt Col Y.K. Joshi, Commanding Officer 13 JAK Rifles gathered at 79 Mountain Brigades headquarters, to discuss the plan.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}<br />
<br />
The battalion was deployed to [[Fire support base|firebase]], located in a defiladed area, approximately 1500 metres from the Point 4875. Over the two days, on 2 and 3 July, weapons carriers from the 13 JAK Rifles and 28 [[Rashtriya Rifles]] dumped ammunition and heavy weapons.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} During the day of 4 July, the company commanders of 'A' and 'C' Companies, Major S.V. Bhaskar and Major Gurpreet Singh, conducted their final reconnaissance and showed the objectives to their 'O' groups.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}<br />
<br />
At 1800 hours that same day, artillery bombardment of the enemy positions on Point 4875 commenced,{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} and continued non-stop, throughout the whole night.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=180}} [[Haubits FH77|155 mm Bofors Howitzers]], [[105 mm Indian Field Gun|105 mm Field Guns]], and multi barrel rocket launchers were used in the bombardment of Point 4875.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Bhattacharya|2014|p=139}} At 2030 hours in the pitch black night, under cover of artillery fire, 'A' and 'C' Companies began climbing the Point 4875.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=181}} Captain Vikram Batra was lying in a sleeping bag in a tent on the rocky ground near the Mushkoh nullah, and was down with fever and fatigue. His commanding officer had ordered him to rest even though his battalion, 13 JAK Rifles, had launched its attack on the Point 4875.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=179}}{{sfn|Bhattacharya|2014|p=140}}<br />
<br />
Both the assault companies were leading the offensive from the right flank. The climbing was difficult, and the soldiers had to take out enemy pockets of resistance which they encountered en route. However at one point, a strategically located machine gun halted the advance, and by first light the troops were still 50 meters short of the target. Now it was getting dangerous because in daylight, Indian soldiers could easily be seen by the Pakistanis. The attack was also halted by very effective sniper fire from Pakistani soldiers hiding behind rocks.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=181}}<br />
<br />
At 0430 hours, the two companies deployed their [[Automatic firearm|automatic weapons]] and began to fire at strong well-fortified enemy positions at the top of the feature.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} The enemy was bringing down very effective [[small arms]] fire and [[sniper]] fire, which effectively blocked the advance of the Indian troops.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} At around 1015 hours on 5 July, the commanding officer of 'C' company spoke to the battalion commanding officer and explained his company's predicament and the area from where the enemy was bringing in effective fire on to them.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} Brigadier Kakkar was personally supervising operations.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=181}} At this juncture, the battalion commanding officer, Lt Col Joshi personally fired two [[9K111 Fagot|Fagot]] missiles in quick succession from the fire base and neutralized the enemy position.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=184}} Brigadier Kakkar watched the firing of the missiles through his binoculars. "''Bull's eye! You've got them,''" he said to Joshi over the wireless.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=181}} The bunker received a direct hit and the enemy soldiers were seen fleeing from it.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} They then promptly began advancing again.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=181}} Soon, Company C with two sections, led by Major Gurpreet Singh assaulted the enemy position.{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=184}}{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} By 1300 hours, these troops had captured Point 4875.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} Subsequently, both 'A' and 'C' Companies linked up. They then consolidated their hold on Point 4875, but the Indian troops continued to receive enemy artillery and machine-gun fire from Pimple 2 and area North of Point 4875.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=278}}<br />
<br />
At 2200 hours on 5 July, from a Pakistani position north of Point 4875, the enemy brought heavy and accurate fire on the two companies. In the early hours of the following morning at 0445 hours, 'C' Company reported that they were in a heavy firefight and were running out of ammunition. Company B, the reserve company, promptly brought up the ammunition and the firefight continued.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}<br />
<br />
The Indian victory would not have been complete without the capture of 'Area Flat Top',{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=183}} an adjacent peak and part of enemy defences on Point 4875.{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=178}} The 13 JAK Rifles had captured Flat top feature of Point 4875 on the afternoon of 5 July after a fierce battle with Pakistani forces.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=183}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=179}} But the enemy launched an immediate counterattack to take back the Area Flat Top they had lost. "Young Captain NA Nagappa was holding Flat Top. He had a small force but he fought ferociously to beat back the offensive. The first counter-attack was beaten back. The Pakistanis too were facing the same problem of climbing, with the Indian Army on top shooting at them. It is not that they did not have the will to do it but the carpet-firing by our troops did not let them come to the top," a 79 Infantry Brigade officer said.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=184}} There was a seesaw battle taking place at the Area Flat Top. All of a sudden, a shell hit Area Flat Top, seriously injuring Captain Nagappa who was shooting at the advancing Pakistani soldiers. Splinters pierced through both his legs and he fell unconscious.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=184}} Taking advantage of this situation, the Pakistanis started climbing faster.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=184}}{{sfn|Rathore|2016|p=103}}<br />
<br />
Suddenly, Batra, who was silently observing the situation from base, went to his commanding officer and volunteered, saying the words "I'LL GO UP SIR."{{sfn|Rathore|2016|p=103}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} Seeing him unwell, the commanding officer did not have a heart to let him go but Batra insisted on it.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} That same day, the enemy launched a second counterattack on Flat Top and although the Indian troops succeeded in beating back this too, they urgently needed reinforcements.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} Seeing Batra's determination to save Peak 4875 and the honour of his battalion, several of his battalion's soldiers volunteered to accompany him even before any Company could be ordered.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} "Despite strict rules, where soldiers cannot question the orders of their seniors, several soldiers literally pleaded for permission to accompany Batra even at the cost of earning severe displeasure of the commanding officer. The soldiers were so moved that they were willing to be jailed or court-martialled but only wanted permission to accompany Batra and reinforce the army on top of the peak," a JAKRIF officer said.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}}<br />
<br />
Just before leaving, Batra along with the 25 men of his Delta Company, who were to accompany him, prayed at the Durga Mata temple.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=273}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} It was pitch black night when they began the climb.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|pp=185–186}} Having heard a wireless message from the base that Sher Shah (Batra's code name) was coming, a cheer went up among the tired Indian soldiers on top. The commander ordered them to hold their ground until Sher Shah arrived and then he would take over.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} "The Pakistanis too intercepted the wireless message where the base told the peak that Sher Shah was coming. They knew Batra, the first man on top of Peak 5140 in Drass, was Sher Shah and broke into the Indian wireless system to threaten him. Undeterred Batra kept climbing," said a soldier who accompanied him.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}}<br />
<br />
On the night of 6–7 July, the opposing forces were so close that besides exchanges of small arms fire, verbal exchanges continued throughout the night.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=179}} It was at this stage that it became imperative for Indian troops to destroy this Pakistani post, located north of Point 4875, from where enemy fire was coming as otherwise the situation could get worse.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} At this juncture, the Indian troops detected the enemy presence on a long and narrow [[Ridge|ledge]], running north from Point 4875. On the ledge, the enemy were holding strong [[Sangar (fortification)|sangars]] echeloned one behind the other.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} Batra, who was still recovering from his own wounds he received in the battle of Point 5140, wanted to reach the top to rescue his fellow soldiers and carry out reconnaissance of the ledge where the enemy soldiers were.{{sfn|Rathore|2016|p=103}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} "The problem was that the Indian soldiers were caught unawares about the presence of the enemy soldiers on the ledge ahead of Twin Bump. They went ahead into the enemy lines and destroyed their bunkers on 4875 Peak but the firing from the ledge pinned them down," Colonel Joshi said.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} Even though, It was pitch dark when they had left at night, but even near the top where the soldiers had to climb vertically, visibility was almost zero because of fog. Even worse, it began snowing as they advanced. En route to the top, Batra spotted a Pakistani machine gun position firing at the trapped Indian soldiers. Crouching, he moved toward the machine gun position, hiding behind rocks whenever possible. As he reached close to the enemy's machine gun position he lobbed a grenade, destroying the machine gun position.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} "Follow me, boys," he whispered in the dark, and they advanced to the next position.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} At 16,087 feet, even though they were struggling for breath and panting, this did not stop them and they kept advancing non-stop.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} Before first light on the 7th, the troops succeeded in knocking out two more enemy machine guns, however, firing from the ledge continued.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} Batra's platoon soon reached the ledge, though by this time it was broad daylight.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|pp=186–187}}<br />
<br />
At 0530 hours Lt. Col. Joshi spoke to Batra and asked him to reconnoitre the area.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=274}} Batra, accompanied by Subedar Raghunath Singh and Major Bhat, his artillery observation officer, took out a patrol to recce a route to re-inforce Naveen from a flank.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=279}} Batra located the position of the enemy sangar on the ledge from which enemy machine guns were holding up the advance of his company.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=279}} At this juncture, Batra, realising that there was no way from the left or right, decided to make a direct assault in daylight itself.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=274}} At great personal risk and under heavy fire from enemy machine guns and grenade firing launchers, Batra moved forward, screaming the battle cry of [[Jammu & Kashmir Rifles|JAK RIF]] – ''Durga mata ki jai'',{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}} and charged the sangar firing incessantly from his [[AK-47]]. He sustained grievous injuries in the process, yet he continued his charge, with supporting fire from the rest of the patrol, and reached the very narrow entrance of the sangar, taking the enemy by complete surprise, he killed 5 Pakistani soldiers in a [[Close quarters combat|close-quarter battle]].{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=274}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=279}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=180}}{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=124}} "There was a time he grappled with a Pakistani soldier, punching him in the nose. As soon as he fell, Batra plunged his bayonet into the fallen soldier's stomach. But another enemy soldier caught him from behind. He, too, was done to death after being thrown off the back by Batra, the ferocious. All hell broke loose. It was utter chaos," a soldier of JAK RIF, who accompanied him in the attack, said.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}} The attack resulted in seven Pakistani soldiers killed{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}} and Indians gaining a foothold on the ledge.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=274}} Taken by surprise by this ferocious attack, Pakistanis started retreating. Batra and his men had gained the upper hand by now.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}} However, there was still an enemy machine gun nest in action on that ledge that had to be silenced. Four Pakistani soldiers including a [[junior commissioned officer]] (JCO), who was guiding the fire on the Indian soldiers fighting outside, were manning the machine gun nest. Enraged Batra quickly charged forward alone, killing all four members of the crew.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}}<br />
<br />
Suddenly, Batra realized that one of his men had been shot. Turning his face toward Subedar Raghunath Singh, who was sitting behind a nearby boulder, maintaining an iron grip on his AK-47, Batra shouted above the din of flying bullets: "Aap aur main usko evacuate karenge," (We wil evacuate him, you and I). With bullets flying around him, he pushed the JCO toward the safer side and taking his place instead, saying: "You have a family and children to go back to, I'm not even married. Main sar ki taraf rahunga aur aap paanv uthayenge" (I will take the head and you take his feet).{{sfn|Rawat|2014|pp=274–275}} Batra courageously exposed himself to enemy fire to drag the injured soldier to safety, and in the process was shot in the chest by an enemy sniper from very close range and a split-second later, by a splinter from an [[Rocket-propelled grenade|RPG]] which hit him in the head.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=124}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=275}}{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=185}} Batra collapsed next to the injured soldier, succumbing to the fatal wounds.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=279}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=275}}<br />
<br />
In his book ''Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle'', Major General [[Ian Cardozo]] states, <blockquote>Captain Vikram Batra always leading from the front, and fully aware of the great danger of his mission, displayed unparalleled courage and determination in eliminating a Pakistani position at Ledge because he was aware of the importance of his task. His daring assault enabled the completion of the capture of Pt 4875 and this broke the will of the enemy. His courage and action were well beyond the call of duty and he continued to take risks ultimately making the supreme sacrifice in the finest traditions of the Indian Army.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=124}}</blockquote><br />
<br />
== Param Vir Chakra ==<br />
[[File:President K. R. Narayanan presenting the Param Vir Chakra (posthumous) to the father of Captain Vikram Batra, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles.jpg|thumb|right|[[President of India|President]] [[K. R. Narayanan]] presenting the [[Param Vir Chakra]] (posthumous) to the father of Captain Vikram Batra, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles.]]<br />
Vikram Batra was awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]], India's highest military honour on 15 August 1999, the 52nd anniversary of India's independence. His father G.L. Batra received the honour for his deceased son from the President of India, the late [[K. R. Narayanan]].{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=125}}<br />
<br />
The Param Vir Chakra citation reads as follows:<br />
{{Reduced pull quote |width=70em |quote=<br />
<center>'''CITATION'''<br/><br />
'''CAPTAIN VIKRAM BATRA'''<br/> <br />
'''13 JAMMU AND KASHMIR RIFLES (IC 57556)'''<br/></center><br />
During 'Operation Vijay', on 20 June 1999, Captain Vikram Batra, Commander Delta Company was tasked to attack Point 5140. Captain Batra with his company skirted around the feature from the East and maintaining surprise reached within assaulting distance of the enemy. Captain Batra reorganized his column and motivated his men to physically assault the enemy positions. Leading from the front, he in a daredevil assault, pounced on the enemy and killed four of them in a hand-to hand fight. On 7 July 1999, in another operation in the area Pt 4875, his company was tasked to clear a narrow feature with sharp cuttings on either side and heavily fortified enemy defences that covered the only approach to it. For speedy operation, Captain Batra assaulted the enemy position along a narrow ridge and engaged the enemy in a fierce hand –to-hand fight and killed five enemy soldiers at point blank range. Despite sustaining grave injuries, he crawled towards the enemy and hurled grenades clearing the position with utter disregard to his personal safety, leading from the front, he rallied his men and pressed on the attack and achieved a near impossible military task in the face of heavy enemy fire. The officer, however, succumbed to his injuries. Inspired by his daredevil act, his troops fell upon the enemy with vengeance, annihilated them and captured Point 4875.<br />
<br />
Captain Vikram Batra, thus, displayed the most conspicuous personal bravery and leadership of the highest order in the face of the enemy and made the supreme sacrifice in the highest traditions of the Indian Army.|author=Gazette of India Notification: No. 16 – Press/2000|source=<ref name=Gov>{{citation|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Vc34cGvaGXOG98pJ8maiqQ==&ParentID=732jsEspEIRftsR/q2T4ew==|title=Param Vir Chakra |publisher=Official Website of the Indian Army}}</ref>{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|pp=124–125}} }}<br />
<br />
== In popular culture ==<br />
In the 2003 [[Hindi film]] ''[[LOC: Kargil]]'', based on the entire Kargil conflict [[Abhishek Bachchan]] played the role of Batra.<ref name="My life is insignificant">{{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/24abhishek.htm |title=My life is insignificant |access-date=4 March 2017 |work=Rediff.com |date=December 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430124108/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/24abhishek.htm |archive-date=30 April 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Biopic ==<br />
In the 2021 film ''[[Shershaah]]'', [[Sidharth Malhotra]] played Batra in a biopic directed by [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]] and produced by [[Dharma Productions]] and [[Pen India Limited]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kargil martyr Vikram Batra's brother on his biopic: I hope Sidharth Malhotra does justice to Vikram |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kargil-martyr-vikram-batra-s-brother-on-his-biopic-i-hope-sidharth-malhotra-does-justice-to-vikram/story-FHKGDONGTqRVdoHgmPTi7L.html |access-date=17 July 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=कैप्टन विक्रम बत्रा की बराबरी करने कम हील वाले शूज पहनेंगे सिद्धार्थ, फिल्म के लिए ले रहे हार्ड ट्रेनिंग|trans-title =Siddharth will wear low-heeled shoes to match Captain Vikram Batra, taking hard training for the film |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bollywood/news/sidharth-malhotra-will-wear-short-heeled-shoes-to-match-captain-vikram-batra-01595633.html |access-date=17 July 2019 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=16 July 2019 |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
[[File:Captain Vikram Batra statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Vikram Batra's statue at ''Param Yodha Sthal'', [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]], New Delhi]]<br />
[[File:Capt. Vikram Batra.jpg|thumb|right|A memorial for war veterans including Batra at his alma mater [[DAV College, Chandigarh|DAV College]], [[Chandigarh]].]][[File:Vikrambatramess.jpg|thumb|Vikram Batra Mess at the [[Indian Military Academy]].|left]]<br />
Vikram Batra is also well known in India for using the slogan, ''[[Yeh Dil Maange More!]]'' as his signal to communicate mission success.{{sfn|NDTV|2014}} He is also known for an interview in which he stated that Pakistani soldiers were aware of him.{{sfn|NDTV|2014}}<ref name=Times>{{Citation | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/Storyold/109561/| access-date =9 September 2014 | title = Capt Batra lived up to his code name| date =16 July 1999 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was also honoured with several landmarks being named after him: the historic capture of Point 4875 led to the mountain being named Batra Top in his honour. A hall at the Service Selection Centre Allahabad is named 'Vikram Batra Block', a residential area in the Jabalpur Cantonment is called 'Captain Vikram Batra Enclave' and the combined cadet's mess at the IMA is named 'Vikram Batra Mess'.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armed Forces – Panorama |url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2010/sep01-10/h14.htm |website=[[Sainik Samachar]] |access-date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430124210/http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2010/sep01-10/h14.htm |archive-date=30 April 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
A memorial for war veterans including Batra stands at his alma mater [[DAV College, Chandigarh|DAV College]], [[Chandigarh]] honouring the services of the soldiers.<ref name="toi">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Chandigarhs-NCC-girl-felicitated-at-college/articleshow/46319347.cms |title=Chandigarh's NCC girl felicitated at college |access-date=24 March 2017 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221215355/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Chandigarhs-NCC-girl-felicitated-at-college/articleshow/46319347.cms |archive-date=21 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Girl cadets shine">{{Cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/education/girl-cadets-shine/44847.html |title=Girl cadets shine |access-date=28 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628052503/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/education/girl-cadets-shine/44847.html |archive-date=28 June 2017 |url-status=live |work=The Tribune |date=21 February 2015}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Government College Palampur was later renamed in the memory of Batra. The college is renamed as Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Government College, Palampur.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official website of Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Government College, Palampur (Kangra)|url=http://www.gcpalampur.ac.in/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Government College, Palampur|url=https://www.shiksha.com/college/shaheed-captain-vikram-batra-government-college-kangra-101393|url-status=live|website=Siksha.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
New Delhi's Mukarba Chowk and its flyover were renamed in honour of Batra in December 2019 as "Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Chowk".<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi's Pragati Maidan Metro Station Renamed Supreme Court, Mukarba Chowk Named After Capt Vikram Batra|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/delhis-pragati-maidan-metro-station-renamed-supreme-court-mukarba-chowk-named-after-capt-vikram-batra-2441441.html |website=[[News18 India]] |date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Saheed Captain Vikram Batra Stadium at Palampur was named after Batra.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Development works at Saheed Captain Vikram batra stadium in Palampur|work=Khas Khabar|url=https://m.khaskhabar.com/tags/development-works-at-shahid-captain-vikram-batra-stadium-in-palampur}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Panjab University]], [[Chandigarh]] dedicated state of the art Indoor Shooting Range in honour of Captain Vikram Batra.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018|title=Panjab University dedicates shooting range to Kargil War hero Captain Vikram Batra|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/pu-dedicates-shooting-range-to-kargil-war-hero-capt-batra/story-LIIR3eKshFv9ViVjVQFo4I.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018|title=Indoor stadium dedicated to PU alumnus Capt Vikram Batra|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/events/chandigarh/indoor-stadium-dedicated-to-pu-alumnus-capt-vikram-batra/articleshow/64896041.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018|title=Capt Vikram Batra shooting range inaugurated at PU|work=[[Tribune India]]|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/news-detail-617097}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The [[Indian Army]] paid tribute to Batra on the 21st anniversary of his death in a video posted on its social media account. The video featured Batra's famous words- [[Yeh Dil Maange More!|Yeh dil maange more]], and included people of all ages and from all walks of life saying "I am Vikram Batra".<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020|title='I am Captain Vikram Batra': 21 years later, Indian Army pays tribute to Kargil war hero in a unique video|work=[[Times Now News]]|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/amp/india/article/i-am-captain-vikram-batra-21-years-later-indian-army-pays-tribute-to-kargil-war-hero-in-a-unique-video/617580}}</ref> <br />
<br />
To commemorate the 22 years of the sacrifice made by Batra, Army Commander [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] [[Lieutenant general]] [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi]] overflew the famous "Batra Top" in a [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi-30 MKI]] and paid homage to the nation's hero from the sky. Joshi was also the then [[Commanding officer|Commanding Officer]] of Batra.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021|title=Northern Army Commander flies over Batra Top in Sukhoi-30 MKI to pay tribute to late Captain Vikram Batra|work=[[Times Now News]]|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/amp/india/article/northern-army-commander-flies-over-batra-top-in-sukhoi-30-mki-to-pay-tribute-to-late-captain-vikram-batra/781701}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021|title=To commemorate martyrdom of legendary Kargil warrior Captain Vikram Batra, Northern Army Command chief pays homage from sky|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/commemorate-martyrdom-legendary-kargil-warrior-captain-vikram-batra-northern-army-command-chief-pays-homage-sky-1502979571.html/amp}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
=== Notes ===<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist|20em}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
{{Refbegin|30em}}<br />
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/yeh-dil-maange-more-remembering-captain-vikram-batra-10879 |title='Yeh Dil Maange More'..Remembering Captain Vikram Batra |work=[[New Delhi Television|NDTV]] |access-date=9 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430120310/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/yeh-dil-maange-more-remembering-captain-vikram-batra-10879 |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|NDTV|2014}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Batra |first=GL |year=2016 |title=Param Vir Vikram Batra: The Sher Shah of Kargil: A Father Remembers |publisher=Times Group Books |isbn=9789384038977 }}<br />
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/Galleries/Courage/Batra/ |title=Captain Vikram Batra, PVC |last=Batra |first=Girdhari Lal |website=[[Bharat Rakshak]] |access-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430121803/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/Galleries/Courage/Batra/ |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|Batra|2017}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Rawat |first=Rachna Bisht |year=2014 |title=The Brave: Param Vir Chakra Stories |publisher=Penguin Books India Private Limited |isbn=9780143422358 }}<br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://m.rediff.com/republic/2000/jan/25param2.htm |title=Vikram wanted to do something extraordinary that would bring fame to his country |access-date=1 March 2017 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=January 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430122025/http://m.rediff.com/republic/2000/jan/25param2.htm |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|Rediff|2000}}}}<br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/community/-yaaro-ka-yaar-capt-vikram-batra-remembered-by-family-teachers-friends/111522.html |title='Yaaro ka yaar' Capt Vikram Batra remembered by family, teachers, friends |last=Kapur |first=Aarti |access-date=1 March 2017 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=26 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430122209/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/community/-yaaro-ka-yaar-capt-vikram-batra-remembered-by-family-teachers-friends/111522.html |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live}}<br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021128/cth1.htm |title=An actor's tryst with Batra's heroism |last=Banerjee |first=Ajay |access-date=21 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721164651/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021128/cth1.htm |archive-date=21 July 2017 |url-status=live |work=The Tribune |date=27 November 2002}} <br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/17batra.htm |title=The soldier who became a legend |last=Masih |first=Archana |access-date=3 March 2017 |work=Rediff.com |date=June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430122620/http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/17batra.htm |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live}}<br />
* {{Citation|last1 =NCERT|first1=Government of India|author-link=National Council of Educational Research and Training|year =2016|title=Veer Gatha: Stories of Param Vir Chakra Awardees|publisher=National Council of Educational Research and Training|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.ncert.nic.in/publication/Miscellaneous/pdf_files/veergatha.pdf|isbn=978-93-5007-765-8}}<br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/the-war-india-can-t-forget/story-EVroOl7HM0nJqxZZuhvekO.html |title=The war India can't forget |last1=Karmakar |first1=Rahul |access-date=9 March 2017 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |last2=Tantray |first2=Amir |last3=Singh |first3=Rahul |last4=Bisht |first4=Gaurav |date=26 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430122737/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/the-war-india-can-t-forget/story-EVroOl7HM0nJqxZZuhvekO.html |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|Karmakar et al.|2009}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Bammi |first=Y. M. |year=2002 |title=Kargil 1999, impregnable conquered |publisher=Gorkha Publishers |isbn=9788175253520 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Malik |first=V. P. |year=2006 |title=Kargil from Surprise to Victory |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=9788172236359 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Dutt |first=Sanjay |year=2000 |title=War and Peace in Kargil Sector |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=9788176481519 }}<br />
* {{cite book |editor-last=Marston |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last2=Sundaram |editor-first2=Chandar S. |year=2008 |title=A Military History of India and South Asia: From the East India Company to the Nuclear Era |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253219992 |ref={{harvid|Marston|2008}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Jagjit |year=2014 |title=Artillery: The Battle-Winning Arm |publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC |isbn=9781940988030 }}<br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99aug23/himachal.htm#3 |title=Profile of a hero |access-date=8 March 2017 |work=The Tribune |date=22 August 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430123028/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99aug23/himachal.htm#3 |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|The Tribune|1999}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Mayadas |first=M. |year=1999 |title=How the Bofors Affair Transformed India, 1989–1999 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=9781897829646 |edition=illustrated }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Cardozo |first=Ian |year=2003 |title=Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=9789351940296 }}<br />
* {{cite book |editor-last=Jaffrelot |editor-first=Christophe |editor-last2=Veer |editor-first2=Peter van der |year=2008 |title=Patterns of Middle Class Consumption in India and China |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=9788178299976 |ref={{harvid|Jaffrelot|2008}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Francis |first=J |year=2013 |title=Short Stories from the History of the Indian Army Since August 1947 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |isbn=9789382652175 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Sawant |first=Gaurav C. |year=2000 |title=Dateline Kargil: A Correspondent's Nine-week Account from the Battlefront |publisher=Macmillan India |isbn=9780333934081 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Rathore |first=Azad Singh |year=2016 |title=Kargil: The Heights of Bravery |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=9781482887563 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Samir |year=2014 |title=NOTHING BUT!: BOOK SIX: FAREWELL MY LOVE |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=9781482817867 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Amarinder |year=2001 |title=A Ridge Too Far: War in the Kargil Heights 1999 |publisher=Motibagh Palace |isbn=9788193107416 }}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{external media<br />
| align=right<br />
| width = 240px<br />
| video1={{YouTube|zImHyTyYhM8|Video about Captain Vikram Batra}} showing a reenactment of his final battle during [[Kargil War]], narrated by his then-commanding officer, [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi]]}}<br />
* [http://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/17kar9a.jpg 'The Lives and Good Times of a Country.' – India Today]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpjmuV3GUGQ Captain Vikram Batra said 'ye dil maange more'! – ABP News]<br />
* [https://www.thequint.com/videos/2016/09/09/remembering-vikram-batra-his-twin-tells-us-the-tale-of-luv-and-kush Remembering Vikram Batra: His Twin Tells Us the Tale of Luv & Kush – The Quint]<br />
<br />
{{Param Vir Chakra recipients}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Batra, Vikram}}<br />
[[Category:1974 births]]<br />
[[Category:1999 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kangra district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Military Academy alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:People of the Kargil War]]<br />
[[Category:Indian military personnel killed in action]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vir Chakra]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suyyash_Rai&diff=138521Suyyash Rai2021-08-19T05:57:31Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|Indian actor and model}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Suyyash Kumar Rai |..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor and model}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Suyyash Kumar Rai<br />
| image = Suyyash Rai in 2017.jpg<br />
| caption = Suyyash Rai in 2017.<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|03|24|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/tv-actors-karan-patel-vivian-dsena-kishwer-s-merchantt-at-suyyash-rais-birthday-bash/|title=TV actors Karan Patel, Vivian Dsena, Kishwer S Merchantt at Suyyash Rai's birthday bash|accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Actor]]<br />
| nationality = [[India|INDIAN]]<br />
| known_for = ''[[Bigg Boss 9]]''<br />''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]''<br />
| years active = 2010–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Kishwer Merchant]]|2016}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Suyyash Rai''' (born 24 March 1989) is an [[Indian television]] actor and singer. His first TV appearance was on Chandigarh auditions of Roadies 5.0. He is known for his role of Abhay on ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]'' on Sony TV. He was a contestant in ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss 9]]'' in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/suyyash-rai-in-bigg-boss-9-double-trouble/photostory/49332904.cms|title=Suyyash Rai in Bigg Boss 9 Double Trouble|date=13 October 2015|accessdate=13 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-24|title=Happy Birthday Suyyash Rai: 10 lesser-known facts about this multi-talented star|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/suyyash-rai-lesser-known-facts-5109535/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Rai started his acting career on the popular [[India]]n [[supernatural]] show ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'' as Neil Khurana. He has appeared on many popular daily series like ''[[Kya Hua Tera Vaada]]'' and ''[[Kaisa Yeh Ishq Hai... Ajab Sa Risk Hai]]''. He loves to play negative roles. He was seen in the series ''Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil'' on Star Plus. He was a contestant in ''Bigg Boss'' Season 9. He got evicted on Day 82.<ref name="bb9">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-9-suyyash-rai-voted-out-of-the-show/story-mEbaCKlwIBdCQSP1CCLIFN.html|title=Bigg Boss 9: Suyyash Rai voted out of the show|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=3 January 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
He has walked several ramp shows and has also done many advertisements.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}<br />
<br />
He has also captained cricket team Delhi Dragons in ''[[Box Cricket League]]'', and led them to the title victory in BCL's maiden season aired on Sony TV.<br />
<br />
Rai along with his then-girlfriend Kishwer Merchant entered the ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 9)|Bigg Boss 9]]'' Double Trouble house.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/bigg-boss-9-contestant-suyyash-rai-profile-24532.html|title=Bigg Boss 9 Contestant No 3: Suyyash Rai, from raunchy Splitsvilla to BB9|date=11 October 2015|accessdate=11 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="bb9" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/bigg-boss-9-5-shocking-revelations-made-by-suyyash-rai-after-getting-eliminated-from-salman-khans-show/|title=Bigg Boss 9: 5 shocking revelations made by Suyyash Rai after getting eliminated from Salman Khan's show!|date=4 January 2016|accessdate=4 January 2016}}</ref> He was partnered up with [[Rimi Sen]], then was changed with [[Prince Narula]]. Rai also appeared in [[action-thriller]] web series [[Dangerous (web series)|Dangerous]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/dangerous-bipasha-basu-karan-singh-grover-trailer-mx-player-6542355/|title=Dangerous trailer: Bipasha Basu and Karan Singh Grover reunite for a sleek thriller|date=6 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Rai got married on 16 December 2016 to [[Kishwer Merchant]], his co-star from ''Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani''. The couple, who had been together for a long time, tied the knot in December 2016. It was a simple court marriage followed by a reception with the mehndi and sangeet ceremonies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/wedding-bells-suyyash-rai-and-kishwer-merchant-are-all-set-to-tie-the-knot-1441002/|title=Wedding Bells! Suyyash Rai and Kishwer Merchant are all set to tie the knot|work=india.com|date=28 August 2016|accessdate=28 August 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Web series===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
|''[[Dangerous (web series)|Dangerous]]'' <br />
| Vishal Vashisht<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bipasha-basu-teams-up-with-husband-karan-singh-grover-for-web-project-dangerous-see-pic/story-aneSLGh01V80z35AFqrR7O.html|title=Bipasha Basu teams up with husband Karan Singh Grover for web project Dangerous, see pic|date=6 August 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Year !! Name !! Role !! Notes !! Ref<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || ''[[MTV Roadies (season 5)|MTV Roadies 5]]'' || rowspan=3|Contestant ||Not Selected<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[MTV Roadies (season 6)|MTV Roadies 6]]'' <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || ''[[MTV Splitsvilla#Season 2|MTV Splitsvilla 2]]'' || Eliminated, 1st week<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2010–11 || ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'' || Neil Khurana || <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2011 || ''[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]'' || Himself || Guest <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2012–13 || ''[[Kya Hua Tera Vaada]]'' || Pradeep || <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'' || Karan || Episodic role<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2013–14 || ''[[Kaisa Yeh Ishq Hai... Ajab Sa Risk Hai]]'' || Himmat Singh Sangwan ||<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2014–15 || ''[[Box Cricket League|Box Cricket League 1]]'' || Contestant || Winner<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|2015-2016 || ''[[Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil]]'' || Nissar ||<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 9)|Bigg Boss 9]]'' || Contestant || Entered Day 1, Evicted Day 84<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2016 || ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]'' || Guest || To promote ''BCL2'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Box Cricket League|Box Cricket League 2]]'' || rowspan=2|Contestant || Winner<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Box Cricket League - Punjab (BCL Punjab)|Box Cricket League Punjab]]'' || Player in Ambarsariye Hawks<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Desi Explorers]]'' || Himself || <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2017 || ''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]'' || Inspector Vijay Deshmukh ||<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pehredaar Piya Ki]]'' || rowspan=2|Abhay Singh Rathore || rowspan="2" |Lead opposite [[Tejaswi Prakash]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2017–18 || ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]''<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2018 || ''[[Partners Trouble Ho Gayi Double]]'' || Raju Hatela || <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Box Cricket League|Box CricKet League 3]]'' || Contestant || <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]'' || Shawn || <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Box Cricket League|Box CricKet League 4]]'' || Contestant || Player<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
Rai and Kishwar Merchant debuted on his album ''[[Khushnuma]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/suyyash-rai-and-kishwer-merchants-debut-album-khushnuma-watch-video/|title=Suyyash Rai and Kishwer Merchant's debut album Khushnuma: Watch video!|work=bollywoodlife.com|date=26 August 2014}}</ref> He also sang "Teri Meri Dosti" with [[Darshan Raval]]. In 2015, for his show ''[[Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil]]'', Rai sang the song "Yaadein Teri (Jeene Ki Duaa)".<br />
<br />
=== Music Videos ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Song !! Singer !! Reference<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || Khushnuma ||Suyyash Rai/[[Kishwer Merchant]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || "Yaadein Teri (Jeene Ki Duaa)" || Suyyash Rai ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || "Beparwaahiyaan" || Suyyash Rai ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || Shukar kar || Suyyash Rai, Deepti Tuli, Oye Kunaal || <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1zZ32XNZdg</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || Fitrat || [[Suyyash Rai]], [[Darshan Raval]], [[Divya Agarwal]] || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDB person|9837113}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|suyyash-rai}}<br />
* {{Instagram|suyyashrai}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|Media|India}}{{Bigg Boss 9}}<br />
{{Roadies}}<br />
{{Splitsvilla}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Suyyash}}<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male models]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:1985 births]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) contestants]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venkatesh_Daggubati&diff=138498Venkatesh Daggubati2021-08-18T16:23:33Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Indian actor}} {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} {{Infobox person | name = Venkatesh |..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actor}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Venkatesh <br />
| image = Daggubati Venkatesh.jpg<br />
| caption = Venkatesh at the opening ceremony of the 2013 [[Celebrity Cricket League]] season<br />
| birth_name = Daggubati Venkatesh<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|12|13|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/on-victory-venkatesh-s-birthday-eve-his-next-project-with-trivrikram-srinivas-announced/story-940hHikvcU0OOrOLjf3fzH.html|title=On Victory Venkatesh’s birthday eve, his next project with Trivrikram Srinivas announced|date=12 December 2017|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Madras]] (present-day Chennai), [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| alma mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai]]<br />[[Monterey Institute of International Studies]] (MBA)<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 1986{{ndash}}present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Neeraja|1985}}<br />
| children = 4<br />
| relatives = [[D. Suresh Babu]] (brother)<br />[[Rana Daggubati]] (nephew)<br />[[Naga Chaitanya]] (nephew)<br />
| father = [[D. Ramanaidu]]<br />
| family = see [[Daggubati–Akkineni family]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Daggubati Venkatesh''' (born 13 December 1960) is an Indian actor known for his works predominantly in [[Telugu cinema]]. Venkatesh debuted with the 1986 film ''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]'' for which he won his first [[Nandi Awards|Nandi Award]]. In a career spanning over 30 years, he starred in many successful films such as ''[[Bobbili Raja]]'', ''[[Chanti (1992 film)|Chanti]], [[Intlo Illalu Vantintlo Priyuralu]], [[Preminchukundam Raa]], [[Suryavamsam (1998 film)|Suryavamsam]], [[Premante Idera]], [[Raja (1999 film)|Raja]], [[Kalisundam Raa]], [[Jayam Manadera]], [[Sankranti (film)|Sankranti]]'', ''[[Lakshmi (2006 film)|Lakshmi]]'', ''[[Adavari Matalaku Ardhalu Verule]]'', ''[[Ganesh]]'', ''[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]]'', ''[[Drushyam]]'', and ''[[F2: Fun and Frustration]]'', establishing himself as a major actor in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=వెంకటేశ్ 'విక్టరీ'కి 34 ఏళ్లు|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/victory-venkatesh-turns-34-years-tollywood-film-industry-1308480|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref><br />
<br />
Venkatesh won five [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Nandi Awards for Best Actor]] for his performances in ''[[Swarnakamalam|Swarna Kamalam]]'', ''[[Prema (1989 film)|Prema]]'', ''[[Dharma Chakram]]'', ''[[Ganesh (film)|Ganesh]]'', ''[[Kalisundam Raa]]'', and ''[[Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule]]'',<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Victory Venkatesh completes 34 years in Tollywood - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/victory-venkatesh-completes-34-years-in-tollywood/articleshow/77529502.cms|access-date=2020-08-23|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> in addition to six [[Filmfare Awards South]] in various categories.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Venkatesh Daggubati Awards: List of awards and nominations received by Venkatesh Daggubati {{!}} Times of India Entertainment|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Venkatesh-Daggubati/awards|access-date=2020-06-20|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Along with his brother [[D. Suresh Babu]], Venkatesh co-owns of [[Suresh Productions]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=SURESH PRODUCTIONS PVT.LTD. - Company, directors and contact details {{!}} Zauba Corp|url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/SURESH-PRODUCTIONS-PVT-LTD-/U92111TG1983PTC004292|access-date=2020-06-20|website=www.zaubacorp.com}}</ref> one of the largest film production companies in [[India]], under which he acted in several films.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-01-04|title=D Rama Naidu enters Guinness book|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/d-rama-naidu-enters-guinness-book/story-yY5OHzItOT7QMo79rXuyZL.html|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Telugu production house Suresh Productions completes 50 years|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/telugu-production-house-suresh-productions-completes-50-years-south/20140609.htm|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref> He is also the mentor of the ''Telugu Warriors'', representing [[Telugu cinema]] (Tollywood) in the [[Celebrity Cricket League]].<ref>http://www.ccl.in/team/telugu-warriors#:~:text=The%20Telugu%20Warriors%20is%20a,an%20exciting%20match%20of%20cricket..</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Venkatesh was born on 13 December 1960 in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family to film producer and former [[Member of Parliament]], [[D. Ramanaidu]] and Rajeshwari in Madras (present-day Chennai), India. He has an elder brother [[D. Suresh Babu|Suresh Babu]], who runs [[Suresh Productions]], and a younger sister Lakshmi.<ref name="toi">{{Cite web|title=Happy Birthday Venkatesh Daggubati: Take a look at life and times of the ace actor - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-venkatesh-daggubati-take-a-look-at-life-and-times-of-the-ace-actor/articleshow/72489522.cms|access-date=2021-03-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Venkatesh did his schooling in [[Don Bosco Matriculation Higher Secondary School|Don Bosco, Egmore]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/don-bosco-alumni-regale-students-with-school-tales/articleshow/5428971.cms | title=Don Bosco alumni regale students with school tales | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=10 January 2010 | accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref> [[Chennai]] and graduated in commerce from [[Loyola College, Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131213/entertainment-tollywood/gallery/birthday-exclusive-daggubati-venkatesh | title=Birthday Exclusive: Daggubati Venkatesh | publisher=Deccan Chronicle | date=13 December 2013 | accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-victory-venkatesh-unseen-snaps-of-the-versatile-star/photostory/67062201.cms?picid=67062257 | title=Happy Birthday Victory Venkatesh: Unseen Snaps of the Versatile Star | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=13 December 2018 | accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref> He got his [[MBA]] from the [[Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey]], US.<ref name="toi" /> After his return to India, he wanted to get into film production but instead, became an actor in Telugu films.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/today's-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/looking-for-a-new-zone/article4661814.ece Looking for a new zone]. The Hindu (2013-04-28). Retrieved on 2016-01-31.</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
{{further|Venkatesh filmography}}<br />
<br />
===1986–1989: Debut and early career===<br />
Venkatesh first appeared as a child actor in the 1971 film ''[[Prema Nagar]]''. His first film as a full-fledged lead was [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]-directed ''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]'' (1986), alongside [[Khushbu Sundar]] which was a debut for both of them. The film won him a [[Nandi Special Jury Award]].<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
Early in his career, Venkatesh featured as the lead in ''[[Swarnakamalam]]'' (1988), directed by [[K. Viswanath]]. The film was showcased at the 1988 [[International Film Festival of India]], [[Asia-Pacific Film Festival]] and [[Ann Arbor Film Festival]] and won several accolades including [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu]]. The film also won him his first [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowen|first=Sharon|date=2017-05-02|title=Dance without frontiers: K Viswanath – Director who aims to revive classical arts|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/020517/dance-without-frontiers-k-viswanath-director-who-aims-to-revive-classical-arts.html|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> In the following year, he starred in musical [[romance film]] ''[[Prema (1989 film)|Prema]]'' (1989).<br />
<br />
===1990–2012: Commercial success===<br />
In the 1990 film ''[[Bobbili Raja]]'', he played a young man, who seeks to undo injustice done to his mother. The commercially successful film proved to be a turning point of his career.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Movies|first=iQlik|title=Bobbili Raja Telugu Movie Review Venkatesh Divya Bharathi Vani|url=https://www.iqlikmovies.com/movies/legendmovie/2014/04/08/Bobbili-Raja/665|access-date=2020-06-20|website=iQlikmovies|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=చంటి to వెంకీమామ.. వెంకటేష్ బెస్ట్ బాక్స్ ఆఫీస్ కలెక్షన్స్|url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment-news/venkatesh-daggubati-best-box-office-hits-q615p7|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=te}}</ref> A year later, he starred in [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s [[road movie]] ''[[Kshana Kshanam]]'' alongside [[Sridevi]] where Venkatesh played a small time thief.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 June 2020|title=From 'HIT' to 'Kshana Kshanam', 11 Telugu thrillers you can watch online|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/hit-kshana-kshanam-11-telugu-thrillers-you-can-watch-online-127666|website=The News Minute}}</ref> He played of an innocent villager in ''[[Chanti (1992 film)|Chanti]]'' (1992).<ref name=":3" /> In 1993, Venkatesh made his debut in [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]] with ''[[Anari (1993 film)|Anari]]'', a remake of his film ''Chanti''. Later, he also featured in ''[[Taqdeerwala]]'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-13|title=Happy birthday Venkatesh; this legendary actor made his Hindi film debut with ‘Anari’ - OrissaPOST|url=https://www.orissapost.com/happy-birthday-venkatesh-this-legendary-actor-made-his-hindi-film-debut-with-anari/|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Orissa Post}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1996, he portrayed an honest lawyer in ''[[Dharma Chakram]]'', which won him both [[Nandi Award]] and [[Filmfare Award South]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /> Later that year, he played a husband struggling between two wives in [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]-directed [[comedy drama]] ''[[Intlo Illalu Vantintlo Priyuralu]]'', which was also a successful venture.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Happy Birthday Venkatesh: These 6 Feel-Good Movies of the Victory Hero will leave a big smile on your face - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-venkatesh-these-6-feel-good-movies-of-the-victory-hero-will-leave-a-big-smile-on-your-face/articleshow/72493231.cms|access-date=2020-08-23|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> In [[Ganesh (film)|''Ganesh'']] (1998), he played a person fighting against the ills in the Indian public healthcare system. The following year, Venkatesh starred in the [[Romance film|romantic action]] film ''[[Preminchukundam Raa]]''. The film, which was one of the first portrayals of [[Political faction|factionalism]] in [[Rayalaseema]] region, was a big commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-08|title=23 ఏళ్లు కంప్లీట్ చేసుకున్న వెంకటేష్ ‘ప్రేమించుకుందాం.. రా’..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/venkatesh-super-hit-preminchukundam-raa-movie-completed-23-years-ta-512288.html|access-date=2020-08-23|website=News18 Telugu}}</ref> His 1999 [[drama film]] [[Raja (1999 film)|''Raja'']], where he plays a small time thief who is reformed by his love is also well received by the audience.<ref name=":5" /> Following this, he established himself as one of top actors in Telugu cinema.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2017-02-14|title=Time to reinvent|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Time-to-reinvent/article17301535.ece|access-date=2020-08-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2003, Venkatesh starred in the [[romantic comedy]] film ''[[Nuvvu Naaku Nachav]]'' which was a critical and commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A timeless classic comedy Nuvvu Naku Nachav clocks 18 years - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/a-timeless-classic-comedy-nuvvu-naku-nachav-clocks-18-years/articleshow/71011593.cms|access-date=2020-08-23|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The success continued with [[Malliswari (2004 film)|''Malliswari'']] (2004), in his second collaboration with director [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]] after ''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav''.<ref name=":5" /> In 2007, he starred in two films, ''[[Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule]]'' and [[Tulasi (film)|''Tulasi'']], both of which grossed over {{Indian Rupee|30 [[crore]]}} at the [[box office]].<ref name=":3"/> In the following years, Venkatesh appeared in several films, including ''[[Chintakayala Ravi]]'' (2008), ''[[Namo Venkatesa]]'' (2010) and [[Bodyguard (2012 film)|''Bodyguard'']] (2012).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Review: Chintakayala Ravi entertains|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/oct/03ssc.htm|access-date=2020-08-23|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Om Namo Venkatesaya Review {2.5/5}: This movie is strictly for those who love the genre, the filmmaker and the combo|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/om-namo-venkatesaya/movie-review/57080560.cms|access-date=2020-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Indo-Asian News Service|date=16 January 2012|title=Bodyguard Review|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/RegionalFlavours/Telugu-review-Bodyguard/Article1-798032.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119234149/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/RegionalFlavours/Telugu-review-Bodyguard/Article1-798032.aspx|archive-date=19 January 2012|work=Hindustan Times|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2013–present: Seethamma Vakitlo and multi-starrers===<br />
[[File:Venkatesh CCLeague.jpg|thumb|Venkatesh snapped at CCL.]]<br />
In 2013, Venkatesh co-starred alongside [[Mahesh Babu]] in the critically acclaimed [[drama film]], ''[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shekhar|date=12 January 2013|title=Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu (SVSC) bags rave reviews|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2013/seethamma-vakitlo-sirimalle-chettu-svsc-reviews-ratings-102544.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726053352/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2013/seethamma-vakitlo-sirimalle-chettu-svsc-reviews-ratings-102544.html|archive-date=26 July 2015|access-date=26 July 2015|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="H and M">{{cite web|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|date=29 December 2013|title=2013: The biggest hits & misses|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131229/entertainment-tollywood/article/2013-biggest-hits-misses|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819093622/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131229/entertainment-tollywood/article/2013-biggest-hits-misses|archive-date=19 August 2015|access-date=19 August 2015|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The film was the first Telugu [[Ensemble cast|multi-starrer]] film in recent decades, after which Venkatesh went on to feature in other multi-starrer films such as ''[[Masala (2013 film)|Masala]]'' (2013)'', [[Gopala Gopala (2015 film)|Gopala Gopala]]'' (2015) and ''[[F2: Fun and Frustration]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Uddagiri|first=AuthorNikisha|title=It’s raining multi-starrers in Telugu industry|url=https://telanganatoday.com/raining-multi-starrers-telugu-industry|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref> ''F2'' grossed over {{INR|127 crore}} and ended up as one of the [[List of Telugu films of 2019|highest-grossing Telugu film]] of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=2019-12-22|title=Tollywood Box office report - 2019: Highest grossing Telugu movies of the year|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/tollywood-box-office-report-2019-highest-grossing-telugu-movies-year-810648|access-date=2020-08-23|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Venkatesh's performance in ''[[Drushyam]]'' (2014) received several accolades from the critics.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Seshagiri|first=Sangeetha|date=2014-07-10|title='Drushyam' Movie Review Roundup: Worth Watching|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/drushyam-movie-review-roundup-worth-watching-604123|access-date=2020-08-23|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en}}</ref> He portrayed a strict boxing coach in the [[Sudha Kongara]]-directed [[sports drama]] ''[[Guru (2017 film)|Guru]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2017-03-31|title=Guru: An absorbing sports drama|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/guru-an-absorbing-sports-drama/article17749453.ece|access-date=2020-08-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
Later in 2019, he starred in ''[[Venky Mama]]'', alongside his nephew [[Naga Chaitanya]]. The film was a profitable venture, grossing more than {{INR|72 crore}} worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Venky Mama’ Box-Office: Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya starrer turns into a profitable venture - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/venky-mama-box-office-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanya-starrer-turns-into-a-profitable-venture/articleshow/72992448.cms|access-date=2020-08-23|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> In the same year, he dubbed in Telugu for the Genie, in ''[[Aladdin (2019 film)|Alladin]]''. His 2021 film ''[[Narappa]]'' was released on [[Amazon Prime]], which marked his first direct-to-OTT release.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-20|title=Venkatesh on his Amazon Prime movie Narappa: ‘It is the most challenging film of my career so far’|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/venkatesh-on-his-amazon-prime-movie-narappa-it-is-the-most-challenging-film-of-my-career-so-far-101626762614989.html|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Endorsements==<br />
* On 24 April 2010, he signed with [[Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd]] as their [[brand ambassador]] for [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/venky-manappuram.html |title=Super Star Victory Venkatesh to Endorse Manappuram Brand&nbsp;– Telugu cinema news |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=25 April 2010 |access-date=3 November 2012}}</ref><br />
* He opened Ramraj Cotton Company branch in Ameerpet as a brand ambassador for the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/actor-venkatesh-opens-ramraj-cotton-showroom/article8395349.ece |title=Actor Venkatesh opens Ramraj Cotton showroom |publisher=thehindu.com|date=25 March 2016 |access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Venkatesh married Neeraja in 1985 and the couple has four children—three daughters and one son.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Venkatesh and Neeraja - Tollywood celebs and their less famous spouses|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/tollywood-celebs-and-their-less-famous-spouses/Venkatesh-and-Neeraja/photostory/63726726.cms|access-date=2020-05-16|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Venkatesh Daggubati's elder daughter Aashritha gets engaged, wedding date revealed - details inside|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/venkatesh-daggubatis-elder-daughter-aashritha-gets-engaged-wedding-date-revealed-details-insid/361702|access-date=2020-05-16|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en}}</ref> His eldest daughter Aashritha married Vinayak Reddy, the grandson of R. Surender Reddy, the chairman of Hyderabad Race Club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aashritha Daggubati and Vinayak Reddy tie the knot in a grand wedding in Jaipur - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/aashritha-daggubati-and-vinayak-reddy-tie-the-knot-in-a-grand-wedding-in-jaipur/articleshow/68549311.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Venkatesh's sister Lakshmi was married to actor [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], and the couple has a son, [[Naga Chaitanya]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Bhavana|date=2020-03-14|title=Did you know who Naga Chaitanya's step-father and half-brother are?|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/did-you-know-who-naga-chaitanyas-step-father-half-brother-are-take-look-photo-815094|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-14|website=[[IB Times]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''Year'''<br />
|'''Film'''<br />
|'''Award'''<br />
|'''Category'''<br />
|'''Result'''<br />
|'''{{Tool tip|Ref.|References}}'''<br />
|-<br />
| 1986<br />
|''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]''<br />
|[[Nandi Awards]]<br />
|[[Nandi Special Jury Award|Best Male Debut (Special Jury Award)]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Awards won by Venkatesh Daggubati - Telugu cinema news - idlebrain.com|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/venkatesh-awards.html|access-date=2020-07-14|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1986<br />
|''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1988<br />
|''[[Brahma Puthrudu]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Telugu|Best Actor - Telugu]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zawdV2cfZOk|title=Victory Venkatesh - Britannia Filmfare Awards 2014 - Hybiz.tv|last=HYBIZTV HD|date=3 June 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1988<br />
|''[[Swarna Kamalam]]''<br />
|[[Nandi Award]]<br />
| [[Nandi Special Jury Award]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| 1989<br />
|''[[Prema (1989 film)|Prema]]''<br />
|[[Nandi Award]]<br />
| Best Actor<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| 1989<br />
|''[[Prema (1989 film)|Prema]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1990<br />
|''[[Bobbili Raja]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1991<br />
|''[[Kshana Kshanam]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1992<br />
|''[[Chanti (1992 film)|Chanti]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1993<br />
|''[[Abbaigaru]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
|''[[Muddula Priyudu]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Dharma Chakram]]''<br />
|[[Nandi Award]]<br />
| Best Actor<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| 1996<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmfare.com:80/site/october97/south3f.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991018182845/http://www.filmfare.com:80/site/october97/south3f.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 October 1999|title=Filmfare - South Special|date=18 October 1999}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1996<br />
|''[[Sahasa Veerudu Sagara Kanya]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
|''[[Preminchukundam Raa]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1998|| rowspan="2" |''[[Ganesh (film)|Ganesh]]''<br />
|[[Nandi Award]]|| Best Actor|| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]||{{won}}<br />
|<ref>https://archive.org/download/46thFilmfareAwardsSouthWinners/46th%20Filmfare%20Awards%20south%20winners.jpg</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
|''[[Raja (1999 film)|Raja]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Award]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Kalisundam Raa]]''<br />
| [[Nandi Award]]<br />
| Best Actor<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Special Award – South|Special Jury]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
|''[[Jayam Manade Raa]]''<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2005|| rowspan="2" |''[[Sankranthi (film)|Sankranthi]]''<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]|| Best Actor|| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Santosham Film Awards]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]|| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2007|| rowspan="3" |''[[Adavari Matalaku Ardhale Verule]]''<br />
|[[Nandi Award]]|| Best Actor|| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Santosham Film Awards]]<br />
|Best Actor|| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]|| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|''[[Eenadu (2009 film)|Eenadu]]''<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|''[[Masala (2013 film)|Masala]]''<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
| rowspan="3" |''[[Drushyam]]''<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[T. Subbarami Reddy|TSR]] – [[TV9 (Telugu)|TV9]] National Film Awards|| Best Actor (Jury)|| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150716/entertainment-bollywood/article/tsr-tv9-award-winners-announced|title=TSR-TV9 award winners announced|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=16 July 2015|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|4th [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]|| Best Actor|| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Gopala Gopala (2015 film)|Gopala Gopala]]<br />
|[[T. Subbarami Reddy|TSR]] – [[TV9 (Telugu)|TV9]] National Film Awards|| Best Actor || {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Guru (2017 film)|Guru]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor - South|Best Actor - Critics]]<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Venkatesh Daggubati}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=0893142|name=Venkatesh Daggubati}}<br />
<br />
{{FilmfareTeluguBestActor}}<br />
{{NandiSpecialJuryAward}}<br />
{{Nandi Award for Best Actor}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkatesh}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]<br />
[[Category:People from Prakasam district]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br />
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Don Bosco schools alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:1960 births]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samantha_Akkineni&diff=138497Samantha Akkineni2021-08-18T16:20:38Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Indian actress|bot=PearBOT 5}} {{pp-protected|reason=Long term disruptive editing despite multiple previous protections. Enough.|..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br />
{{pp-protected|reason=Long term [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]] despite multiple previous protections. Enough.|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Samantha Akkineni<br />
| image = Samantha At The Irumbu Thirai Trailer Launch.jpg<br />
| caption = Samantha at the [[Irumbu Thirai (2018 film)|Irumbu Thirai]] trailer launch in 2018<br />
| birth_name = Samantha Ruth Prabhu<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|4|28}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br>(present-day Chennai)<br />
| alma_mater = [[Stella Maris College, Chennai]]<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Naga Chaitanya]]|7 October 2017}}<br />
| family = [[Daggubati–Akkineni family]]<br />
| signature = Samantha Akkineni Signature.svg<br />
| signature_alt = Samantha<br />
| works = [[Samantha Akkineni filmography|Full list]]<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Samantha Akkineni|Full list]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Samantha Akkineni''' ([[Maiden and married names|née]] '''Ruth Prabhu'''; born on 28 April 1987) is an Indian actress who has established a career in the [[Telugu Cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil Cinema|Tamil]] film industries. She is a recipient of several awards including four [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]], two [[Nandi Awards]], five [[South Indian International Movie Awards]], and three [[CineMAA Awards]].<br />
<br />
While pursuing a degree in [[Bachelor of Commerce|commerce]], Akkineni worked part-time on modelling assignments. She soon received offers for film roles, and made her acting debut in [[Gautham Menon]]'s critically acclaimed [[Telugu language|Telugu]] romance film, ''[[Ye Maaya Chesave]]'' (2010), which fetched her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South|Filmfare Award for Best Debut Actress]] and a [[Nandi Award]]. Samantha then became the second actress ever to win both the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actress]] and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Telugu|Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Actress]] in the same year, for her performances in the films ''[[Neethaane En Ponvasantham]]'' (2012) and ''[[Eega]]'' (2012). Since then, she has primarily opted to appear in the leading female role in hero-centric Telugu and Tamil films, earning box office success with films including ''[[Dookudu]]'' (2011), the family dramas ''[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]]'' (2012) and ''[[Attarintiki Daredi]]'' (2013) and [[AR Murugadoss]]'s Tamil action film, ''[[Kaththi]]'' (2014). Her work in the film ''[[A Aa]]'' (2016) also won positive reviews and won Samantha her fourth [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award]], while her next films ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' (2016), ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]'' (2016), ''[[Mersal (film)|Mersal]]'' (2017), ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018), and ''[[Mahanati]]'' (2018) also were commercially successful. She won further critical acclaim for her roles in 2019 releases, [[Super Deluxe (film)|''Super Deluxe'']], ''[[Majili]]'', ''[[Oh! Baby]]'' and for her only 2020 film, [[Jaanu (2020 film)|''Jaanu''.]]<br />
<br />
Alongside her acting career, Akkineni is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products, while she also started her own NGO, Pratyusha Support, to provide medical support for women and children in 2012. She donates her earnings from endorsements, product launches and inauguration events to support the foundation.<br />
<br />
==Early life and family==<br />
Samantha was born on 28 April 1987 to a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] father, Prabhu and a [[Malayali]] mother, Ninette from [[Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Chowdhary|first=Y. Sunita|title=Away from the rat race|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/away-from-the-rat-race/article3402317.ece |newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 May 2012 |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Shekhar H Hooli |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/samantha-celebrates-birthday-tollywood-celebs-wish-her-photos-630647 |title=Samantha Celebrates Birthday; Tollywood Celebs Wish Her |newspaper=[[International Business Times]] |date=28 April 2015 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> She was brought up in [[Pallavaram]] in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]],<ref name="Samantha raised in Pallavaram">{{cite news |title= Samantha raised in Pallavaram|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/meet-samantha-souths-hottest-heroine-1662705.html|publisher=Firstpost|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> as the youngest child of the family to Prabhu and Ninette and two elder brothers Jonathan and David, whilst becoming fluent in the [[Tamil language]].<ref name="tamilsam">{{cite web|author=Shankar, Settu|year=2008|title=Samantha Christens herself Yashodha!|work=OneIndia|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/exclusive/2008/samantha-name-yashoda-250808.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130220222548/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/exclusive/2008/samantha-name-yashoda-250808.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 February 2013|access-date=5 August 2008}}</ref> Despite her mixed regional background, she has cited herself as a [[Tamilian]].<ref name="tamilsam2">{{cite news|author=Y. Sunita Chowdury|date=1 March 2010|title=Poised on the edge|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://beta.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article124253.ece|access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="tamilsam3">{{cite news|author=Prakash, B|title=It wasn't a liplock really: Samantha |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/It-wasnt-a-liplock-really-Samantha/articleshow/5651555.cms |date=7 March 2010 |access-date=7 March 2010}}</ref> As a part of her education, Samantha was schooled at [[Holy Angels Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School]] and then completed a degree in [[commerce]] at [[Stella Maris College, Chennai]].<ref name="tamilsam2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/south-star-samantha-found-her-old-report-cards-posted-them-on-facebook-1431845|title=South Star Samantha Found Her Old Report Cards, Posted Them on Facebook}}</ref> Towards the end of her undergraduate degree she became involved in modelling, notably working with Naidu Hall, through which she was first spotted by filmmaker [[Ravi Varman]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/3517/tollywood/interview-with-samantha-interviews-details |title=Interview with Samantha |publisher=Supergoodmovies.com |date=2 March 2010 |access-date=15 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014524/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/3517/tollywood/interview-with-samantha-interviews-details |archive-date=17 November 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{{Main|Samantha Akkineni filmography}}<br />
<br />
====2010: Debut and breakthrough====<br />
Samantha began her professional film career with [[Gautham Menon]]'s Telugu film, ''[[Ye Maaya Chesave]]'' (2010). The film, simultaneously made in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'' (2010), created much anticipation prior to release, due primarily to the first-time-collaboration between Gautham Menon and composer [[A. R. Rahman]].<ref name="anti">{{cite web|author=Moviebuzz|year=2010|title=Audio released, confirms release on Feb&nbsp;19! |publisher=[[Sify]] |url=http://sify.com/movies/telugu/fullstory.php?id=14930062&cid=2364 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105174631/http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/fullstory.php?id=14930062&cid=2364 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2014 |access-date=4 February 2010}}</ref> The actress successfully auditioned and was signed up for the project in mid August 2009 and worked on the film in India and the United States, while the film was released on 26 February 2010.<ref name="signup">{{cite news |title=Big break for Samantha |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-24/news-interviews/28079785_1_tamil-film-samantha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811092658/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-24/news-interviews/28079785_1_tamil-film-samantha|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|date=24 September 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 September 2009}}</ref> Post-release, she revealed that Menon played a "crucial part in moulding her as an actress", teaching her how to remain natural and comfortable in front of the screen, even if she had no dialogues in a scene.<ref name="hello">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/say-hello-to-samantha/article6203915.ece |title=Say hello to Samantha |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 July 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> In the film, Samantha played the lead character ''Jessie'', a [[Malayali]] [[Saint Thomas Christian]] girl living in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], with whom the male protagonist, played by [[Naga Chaitanya]], falls in love. Upon release of the film, Samantha received very positive reviews for her portrayal, with the film itself garnering much critical acclaim.<ref name="sifyreview">{{cite web|author=Moviebuzz|year=2010|title=Ye Maaya Chesave|publisher=[[Sify]] |url=http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14933284&ctid=5&cid=2430 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302143317/http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14933284&ctid=5&cid=2430 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 March 2010 |access-date=26 February 2010}}</ref> Critics at [[Sify]] praised Samantha as a "scene-stealer" and her beauty as "alluring", adding, "she was the girl to watch out for."<ref name="sifyreview"/> Jeevi from Idlebrain.com, wrote that "Samantha's debut is one of the best heroine debuts in Telugu cinema" and noted that the "minute expressions she gave spoke volumes about her", whilst labelling the film as a "classic". ''Ye Maaya Chesave'' fetched her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South|Filmfare Award for Best Debut Actress]] and a [[Nandi Award]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Y. Sunita Chowdhary|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/away-from-the-rat-race/article3402317.ece|title=Away from the rat race |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=10 May 2012|access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Samantha-feels-One-film-changes-all/articleshow/25553340.cms|title=Samantha feels 'One' film changes all |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 November 2013|access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140327/entertainment-kollywood/article/samantha-her-own-league |title=Samantha is in her own league |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=27 March 2014 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> Samantha appeared in a cameo role in the Tamil version of the film, portraying an assistant director who becomes an actress.<ref name="idlereview">{{cite web|author=Jeevi|year=2010|title=Ye Maya Chesave|publisher=Idlebrain |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-yemayachesave.html |access-date=26 February 2010}}</ref> Both the Telugu and the Tamil versions of the films proved to be grand successes, propelling Samantha to sign on for bigger projects.<ref name="interviewrediff">{{cite web|author=Warrier, Shobha|year=2010|title=Meet Yeh Maya Chesave's Jessie|publisher=[[Rediff]] |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/apr/30/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-samantha.htm#contentTop |access-date=30 April 2010}}</ref> <br />
She followed up her collaborations with Gautham Menon and A. R. Rahman by appearing in the music video for the [[World Classical Tamil Conference 2010]] promotional song, ''[[Semmozhiyaana Tamizh Mozhiyaam]]'', which Menon directed and Rahman composed.<br />
<br />
Samantha's next release was the romantic drama, ''[[Baana Kaathadi]]'' (2010), opposite [[Adharvaa Murali|Adharvaa]]. The film was actually the third Tamil project signed by the actress, but its release preceded the first two that she was contracted for due to delays in their completion.<ref name="samsban">{{cite web|year=2009|title='Baana Kaathadi' getting ready to fly|publisher=Indiaglitz |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/47985.html |access-date=1 July 2009}}</ref><ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news|author=Ashok Kumar, S. R.|title=My First Break: Samantha|work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article582130.ece|date=19 August 2010 |access-date=22 August 2010}}</ref> Samantha portrayed a student of the [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] (NIFT), the first such role in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref name="samstud">{{cite news|author=Raghavan, Nikhil|title=Another scorcher |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/03/27/stories/2009032750220900.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330050255/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/03/27/stories/2009032750220900.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 March 2009|date=27 March 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=27 March 2009}}</ref> Her next release was [[Ravi Varman]]'s ''[[Moscowin Kavery]]'' (2010), originally the first film she began work on. The shooting for the film began in August 2007, with Samantha, then briefly credited with the screen name Yasodha, joining the team later in the year.<ref name="ravivarm">{{cite web |year=2007 |title=Ravi Varman directs an Oscar Films production |publisher=Cinesouth |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/27082007-4.shtml |access-date=27 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829154630/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/27082007-4.shtml |archive-date=29 August 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In an interview held in 2008, Ravi Varman mentioned that he had decided that Samantha would be the lead actress for his film within three minutes after viewing one of her commercial assignments.<ref name="ravivarman">{{cite web|year=2008|title=Ravi Varman Interview|publisher=Behindwoods |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/ravi-varman/index.html |access-date=28 June 2008}}</ref> He went on to describe her as an actress with "intelligence" and "potential", whilst drawing comparisons with the noted actress, [[Revathi]].<ref name="ravivarman"/> However, due to Ravi Varman's prior commitments as cinematographer in other projects, the film languished in [[development hell]], eventually releasing in August 2010.<ref name="aascardelayn">{{cite web|year=2009|title=Aascar's back-to-back releases|publisher=Behindwoods |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/nov-09-02/leelai-moscowin-kaveri-14-11-09.html |access-date=14 November 2009}}</ref> The film earned poor reviews from critics, though Samantha's performance was credited as one of the sole highlights that the film offered.<ref name="mkreview1">{{cite web|author=Srinivasan, Pavithra|year=2010|title=Moscowin Kaveri is beautiful nonsense|publisher=[[Rediff]] |url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/aug/27/south-tamil-review-moscowin-kaveri.htm |access-date=27 August 2010}}</ref> In August 2008, while still completing her last three projects, Samantha also signed up to play the lead role of a modern girl in the [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] starrer, ''Pookada Ravi'', which was later shelved.<ref name="pookadasignn">{{cite web|author=Moviebuzz|year=2008|title=Samantha is Narain's heroine!|publisher=[[Sify]] |url=http://sify.in/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14744707&cid=14490563 |access-date=24 August 2008}}</ref><ref name="pookada">{{cite news|author=Prasad, G.|title=Image booster for Narain |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/15/stories/2009021557590200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218135149/http://hindu.com/2009/02/15/stories/2009021557590200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2009|date=15 February 2009|location=Chennai, India |access-date=15 February 2009}}</ref> Samantha then went on to feature in [[Vamsi Paidipally]]'s Telugu film ''[[Brindavanam (2010 film)|Brindaavanam]]'' (2010) in which she had a supporting role alongside [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|NTR Jr]] and [[Kajal Aggarwal]]. Her performance as Indu was well received despite the role having a shorter screen time than the ones she had played in her previous films, and the film became her second successful venture in Telugu.<ref name="brindahit">{{cite news|year=2010 |title=NTR's Brindavanam creates waves at box-office |publisher=OneIndia.com |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/top-stories/2010/brindavanam-ntr-waves-box-office-161010.html |access-date=16 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208193737/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/top-stories/2010/brindavanam-ntr-waves-box-office-161010.html |archive-date=8 December 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
====2011–2012: Critical acclaim====<br />
Samantha featured in the big budget Telugu film, ''[[Dookudu]]'' (2012) alongside [[Mahesh Babu]], which became one of the most successful Telugu films of all time.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2011 |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/09/dookudu-daring-dashing-showtimes-reviews-prince-mahesh-samantha.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103023535/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/09/dookudu-daring-dashing-showtimes-reviews-prince-mahesh-samantha.html |archive-date=3 January 2015 |title='Dookudu,' the biggest hit you've never heard of |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> The film won positive reviews, while a critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' said "Samantha looks beautiful and has done a great job, though her role as Prashanthi isn't too lengthy."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/movie-reviews/Dookudu/movie-review/10093005.cms|title=Dookudu|work=The Times of India|access-date=24 September 2011}}</ref> She also subsequently made guest appearances in two of [[Gautham Menon]]'s films, first in the psychological thriller film, ''[[Nadunisi Naaygal]]'' (2011) as a mental asylum inmate and then repeated her role from ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'' in the Hindi version of the film, ''[[Ekk Deewana Tha]]'' (2012). Her popularity in Telugu films meant that ''Nadunisi Naaygal'' was dubbed and released in Telugu as ''Eera Gulabeelu'', with Samantha featured prominently on the film's posters, despite only having a guest appearance.<ref name="poster">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/poster-girl-of-success/article2580964.ece |title=Poster girl of success – Hyderabad |newspaper=The Hindu |date=30 October 2011 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> During the period, Samantha had also been signed on two feature in two big budget projects in Tamil, [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Kadal (2013 film)|Kadal]]'' (2013) and [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]'s ''[[I (film)|I]]'' (2015) but was forced to opt out from both films, since she was suffering from a skin disease and could not work for two months during mid 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-out-of-shankar-film-news-tamil-mg2mQucgehisi.html |title=Samantha out of Shankar film? |publisher=Sify.com |date=28 June 2012 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/samantha-denies-rumors-of-bollywood-debut/270711-71-175.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714124232/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/samantha-denies-rumors-of-bollywood-debut/270711-71-175.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2014 |title=Samantha denies rumors of Bollywood debut |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/away-from-the-rat-race/article3402317.ece |title=Away from the rat race – Hyderabad |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 May 2012 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><br />
Samantha next featured in [[S. S. Rajamouli]]'s live action Telugu-Tamil bilingual project ''[[Eega]]'' (2012), portraying a micro artist who runs a NGO and takes revenge for the murder of her lover.<ref name="sammbb">{{cite news|author=Pillai, Sreedhar|title=Samantha's walk in the clouds|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-16/news-interviews/28122316_1_baana-kaathadi-film-tamil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811092713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-16/news-interviews/28122316_1_baana-kaathadi-film-tamil|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|date=16 April 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 April 2010}}</ref> As the film featured a CGI-created housefly as the main character, Samantha noted that she had to use her imagination and act accordingly. She also revealed that many heavy lights were used for the shoot of the film and she subsequently suffered skin burns, calling the process "very stressful" but "satisfying".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/samantha.html |title=Samantha interview – Telugu film actress |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=13 December 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Titled ''[[Eega|Naan Ee]]'' (2012) in Tamil, the film opened to highly positive reviews and Samantha also won acclaim for her performance. A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted "Samantha blooms in the role given to her," while Jeevi of Idlebrain.com wrote her "run of success continues as she did extremely well as a bereaved lover".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-eega.html |title=Eega/Naan Ee/Eecha review – Telugu cinema – Nani, Sudeep, Samantha & Rajamouli |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=6 July 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/eega-dont-miss-this-buzz/article3609904.ece |title=Eega: Don't miss this buzz |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 July 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Sify.com also praised her performance in the film, citing her "subtle expressions of love, fear and anxiety work well for the film" and that she "looks beautiful and has done her role with consummate ease".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-ee-review-tamil-pcma06fhegijf.html |title=Review : Naan Ee |publisher=Sify.com |access-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406021843/http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-ee-review-tamil-pcma06fhegijf.html |archive-date=6 April 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/eega-exceptionally-innovative-technically-brilliant-telugu-movie-review-news-national-mhhr4hegddjsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119062620/http://www.sify.com/movies/eega-exceptionally-innovative-technically-brilliant-telugu-movie-review-news-national-mhhr4hegddjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 November 2015 |title='Eega' exceptionally innovative, technically brilliant (Telugu Movie) |publisher=Sify.com |date=7 July 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> The film went on to become a large commercial success, grossing more than {{INR}} 1.25&nbsp;billion, and went on to be dubbed in several foreign and Indian languages.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-13/news/33817001_1_pvp-ventures-deccan-chargers-financial-chronicle |title=DCHL bankruptcy threat: PVP Ventures in fray to buy IPL team Deccan Chargers |work=The Economic Times |date=13 September 2012 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Eega-to-be-dubbed-into-Thai/articleshow/17511509.cms |title=Eega to be dubbed into Thai |work=The Times of India |date=6 December 2012 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/makkhi-to-get-japanese-makeover-director-rajamouli/300573-71.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715231951/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/makkhi-to-get-japanese-makeover-director-rajamouli/300573-71.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2014 |title='Makkhi' to get Japanese makeover: director Rajamouli |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Samantha then worked on [[Gautham Menon]]'s trilingual romantic drama film, and played the leading female role of Nithya in the Tamil, Telugu and Hindi versions of the film, shooting scenes simultaneously back-to-back with three different actors. The Tamil version, ''[[Neethane En Ponvasantham]]'' (2012) featured her alongside [[Jiiva]], while ''[[Yeto Vellipoyindhi Manasu]]'' (2012) paired her opposite [[Nani (actor)|Nani]]. A further Hindi version titled ''[[Assi Nabbe Poorey Sau]]'' with [[Aditya Roy Kapoor]] was simultaneously shot with the other two films and was "sixty percent" completed, before Menon shelved the venture after his other Hindi film, ''Ekk Deewana Tha'', had failed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-gautham-menon/20121213.htm |title=Gautham Menon: I love making love stories |work=Rediff.com |date=13 December 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> The film spanned three periods in the life of a couple, focusing on their romantic relationship at school, college and in their late twenties. Samantha revealed that she knew Gautham would want to work with her again and immediately accepted the opportunity to portray the roles when she was offered the film. She felt that she "could relate to the attributes and the circumstances the character goes through" and described Nithya's character as "close to her".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-samantha/20121214.htm#4 |title=Neethane Enn Ponvasantham means a lot to me |work=Rediff.com |date=14 December 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> To make her performance as authentic as possible, Samantha chose to dub for herself in the Tamil version of the film. The Tamil and Telugu versions of the film opened in December 2012, earning differing reactions. ''Neethane En Ponvasantham'' earned mixed reviews and performed averagely at the box office, though Samantha received highly positive acclaim for her portrayal. The critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted she "comes up with possibly the best performance by a female lead in Tamil cinema this year" and "her transformation from a gawky teenager to an adult, unable to overcome her ego, is outstanding".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/neethaane-en-ponvasantham-an-ode-to-ilaiyaraaja/article4203416.ece |title=Neethaane En Ponvasantham: An ode to Ilaiyaraaja |newspaper=The Hindu |date=15 December 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Meanwhile, IBN stated "Samantha's transformation from a school kid to an adult is a treat to watch," while Rediff.com noted she is "pretty, graceful, and does an excellent job of conveying the emotions of a girl in love, especially during the school sequence, while concluding she carries the film on her slender shoulders."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-needhane-en-ponvasantham-is-disappointing/20121214.htm |title=Review: Needhane En Ponvasantham is disappointing |work=Rediff.com |date=14 December 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/neethaane-en-ponvasantham-review-boring-love-story-526731.html |title='Neethaane En Ponvasantham' Review: Boring love story |publisher=IBNLive |date=15 December 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> The Telugu version, ''Yeto Vellipoyindhi Manasu'', won positive reviews and did well commercially, while Samantha's performance was equally well appreciated. ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote she "goes a step further from her famous portrayal of Jessy (''Ye Maaya Chesaave'') and brings out the intricacy of her character well", while the ''[[Times of India]]'' wrote "Samantha has the author backed role and she creams it."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Yeto-Vellipoyindi-Manasu/movie-review/17612525.cms |title=Yeto Vellipoyindi Manasu Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 December 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/yeto-vellipoyindhi-manasu-like-a-gentle-breeze/article4199688.ece |title=Yeto Vellipoyindhi Manasu: Like a gentle breeze |newspaper=The Hindu |date=14 December 2012 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> At the [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]] ceremony celebrating South Indian films of 2012, the actress subsequently won the Best Actress awards for both the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Tamil]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Telugu]] film industries for her performances in ''Neethane En Ponvasantham'' and ''Eega''. Samantha became the second-ever actress to achieve the feat after [[Revathi]] had secured both awards in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |author=The author has posted comments on this article |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Samantha-exclusive-interview/articleshow/21426111.cms |title=Samantha exclusive interview |newspaper=The Times of India |date=28 July 2013 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> 2012 became her most prolific award-winning year and she secured further recognition for Best Actress at the [[Vijay Award for Best Actress|Vijay Awards]], [[Santosham Best Actress Award|Santosham Film Awards]] and the [[CineMAA Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/santoshamawrds2013.html |title=Santosham 11th anniversary awards 2013 presentation – Telugu cinema news |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=31 August 2013 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2013–2015: Roles in big-budget films====<br />
Although Samantha often portrayed strong character roles in her early films, post-2012, she has appeared increasingly in big-budget, hero-oriented films, which have comparatively smaller scope for actresses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kaththi-review-tamil-pcmbz6hbbiced.html |title=Review : Kaththi |publisher=Sify.com |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Samantha next appeared in the Telugu multi-starrer film, ''[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]]'' (2013) alongside [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] and [[Mahesh Babu]], which won positive reviews and was commercially successful. Though her role was comparatively minuscule to her co-stars, ''IBN Live'' noted it was "good to see Samantha shed her glamorous side and welcome performance-oriented roles, which she only handles with deftness and ease".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/seethamma-vakitlo-sirimalle-chettu-review-this-telugu-film-will-make-you-smile/315496-71-218.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114220351/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/seethamma-vakitlo-sirimalle-chettu-review-this-telugu-film-will-make-you-smile/315496-71-218.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2013|title='Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu' Review: This Telugu film will make you smile|publisher=IBN Live|access-date=13 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Seethamma-Vakitlo-Sirimalle-Chettu/movie-review/17981939.cms |title=Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 January 2013 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> The romantic comedy ''[[Jabardasth (film)|Jabardasth]]'' (2013), in which she portrayed a wedding planner, became a commercial failure, though critics noted Samantha is "getting better by the day and it's a delight to watch her on screen".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/film-review-jabardasth-an-inspired-fun-ride/article4442821.ece |title=Film review: Jabardasth – An inspired fun ride |newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 February 2013 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-jabardasth-is-inspired-by-band-baaja-baraat/20130222.htm |title=Review: Jabardasth is inspired by Band Baaja Baraat |work=Rediff.com |date=22 February 2013 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Samantha then starred alongside [[Pawan Kalyan]] in the family drama, ''[[Attarintiki Daredi]]'' (2013), which emerged as the highest-grossing Telugu film upon release. A critic from Rediff.com noted Samantha "exudes confidence even though she has limited screen time and nothing much to do", and her performance saw her win Best Actress recognition at the [[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]] and the [[Santosham Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-attarintiki-daaredi-is-pawan-kalyans-show/20130927.htm |title=Review: Attarintiki Daaredi is Pawan Kalyan's show! |work=Rediff.com |date=27 September 2013 |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Her final release of 2013 was in the unsuccessful Telugu masala film ''[[Ramayya Vasthavayya]]'', where she had a small role, with a critic noting "we have seen Samantha in better roles and better films."<ref>{{cite news |author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/ramayya-vasthavayya-hinged-on-heroism/article5225181.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014040425/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/ramayya-vasthavayya-hinged-on-heroism/article5225181.ece |archive-date=14 October 2013 |title=Ramayya Vasthavayya: Hinged on heroism |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 October 2013 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
The year of 2014 saw Samantha appear in six films and make a return to the Tamil film industry. Her first release saw Samantha portray a dual role in the family drama film ''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]'' (2014), where she featured alongside several members of the [[ANR-Ramanaidu Family|Akkineni film family]]. Featuring as a young mother and a college student in two different time eras, Samantha received positive reviews for her work, with the critic from Sify saying "she excels" and ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'}}s reviewer noting that she "emotes well and easily shifts between the roles".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/manam-review-review-telugu-pcmbqVghcjffd.html |title=Review : Manam review |publisher=Sify.com |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/manam-smiles-all-around/article6040767.ece |title=Manam: Smiles all around |newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 May 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Her performance fetched Samantha a nomination for Best Actress from the Filmfare Awards, while she won Critics' Best Actress at the [[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]]. Samantha subsequently featured alongside Naga Chaitanya again in the long-delayed ''[[Autonagar Surya]]'' (2014), before playing further minuscule roles in the Telugu action masala films ''[[Alludu Seenu]]'' (2014) and ''[[Rabhasa]]'' (2014). Critics lamented that she "signed to be a glam doll" for the ventures and has "previously shown us she is capable of doing much more, but of late, seems to be stuck with doing similar roles that require her to be an attractive prop".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/alludu-seenu-outlandish-launch-pad/article6249134.ece |title=Alludu Seenu: Outlandish launchpad |newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 July 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/rabhasa-review-been-there-seen-that/article6365120.ece |title=Rabhasa review: Been there, seen that |newspaper=The Hindu |date=31 August 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Samantha later revealed that she solely worked on ''Alludu Seenu'' as a favor to producer [[Bellamkonda Suresh]], who had helped her delay the making of ''Jabardasth'' during her health problems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/a-candid-interview-with-samantha-imagegallery-tollywood-ohbnVedehjcde.html|title=A candid interview with Samantha|work=Sify}}</ref><br />
<br />
Samantha worked simultaneously on two big budget Tamil films during early 2014, working with industry-leading actors and directors.<ref name="hello"/> [[N. Linguswamy|Linguswamy]]'s gangster masala film ''[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]'' (2014) opposite [[Suriya]], received negative reviews and performed poorly at the box office. Portraying a small role, critics panned her character in the film, stating Samantha "gamely performs the requisite crazy girl duties".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/anjaan-review/article6324278.ece |title=Anjaan review: Don yawn |newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 August 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Her other release, [[AR Murugadoss]]'s action drama ''[[Kaththi]]'' (2014) opposite [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] won predominantly positive reviews and became the most profitable Tamil film of 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijays-kaththi-biggest-tamil-hit-2014-box-office-613580 |title='Kaththi' Box Office: Vijay Starrer Becomes Biggest Tamil Hit of 2014 |work=International Business Times |date=11 November 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Again, reviewers criticised her character stating "all she had to do in the film is smile and look pretty," while ''[[The Hindu]]'' remarked she played "an emoticon" and "that covers her contribution to the proceedings".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/kaththi-review-beneath-the-flab-some-solidmasalamoments/article6527130.ece |title=Kaththi review: Beneath the flab, some solid masala moments |newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 October 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-kaththi-entertains-with-a-message/20141022.htm |title=Review: Kaththi entertains with a message |work=Rediff.com |date=22 October 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> She subsequently featured in the Telugu film ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]'' with [[Allu Arjun]], as a part of another hero-orientated film, though critics noted she "enacts her part with grace" and that she "plays her role well".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/S/O-Satyamurthy/movie-review/46867320.cms |title=S/O Satyamurthy Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |date=9 April 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/so-satyamurthy-review/article7089242.ece |title=S/O Satyamurthy: To keep up a father's honour |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 April 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
She then featured in her second dual role as a part of [[Vijay Milton]]'s road film, ''[[10 Endrathukulla]]'' (2015), where she appeared alongside [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]. Like ''Anjaan'' and ''Kaththi'', critics lamented her role as a clumsy girl, with Sify.com stating "beyond a point Samantha's character is plainly annoying".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/10-enradhukulla-review--pkvqS2bcfcaid.html |title=Review : 10 Enradhukulla |publisher=Sify.com |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/10-enradhukulla-a-slipshod-road-movie/article7790285.ece |title=10 Enradhukulla: A slipshod road movie |newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 October 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> She sported a different rural look for a particular role and her performance won mixed reviews, with a critic noting "Samantha doesn't make much of an impact in the film except towards the end."<ref>{{cite news |author=Latha Srinivasan |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-10-endrathukulla-film-review-strictly-for-vikram-fans-2137163 |title='10 Endrathukulla' film review: Strictly for Vikram fans! |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |date=21 October 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Samantha subsequently won positive reviews for her role and performance in [[Velraj]]'s ''[[Thanga Magan (2015 film)|Thanga Magan]]'', where she featured opposite [[Dhanush]]. Portraying a homely role of a wife for the first time in Tamil films, the actress noted it would be the first of many such performance-orientated roles, as she looked to move away from being typecast in glamorous characters. A critic from Sify.com labelled her performance as "impressive", while DNA.com stated Samantha "has given a very subdued and mature performance sans drama".<ref>{{cite web|author=Latha Srinivasan |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-thanga-magan-review-the-fine-performances-by-dhanush-samantha-and-amy-jackson-make-it-a-must-watch-2157344 |title='Thanga Magan' review: The fine performances by Dhanush, Samantha and Amy Jackson make it a must-watch &#124; Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=18 December 2015 |access-date=23 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thangamagan-review--pmsncnbbfbidj.html |title=Review : Thangamagan |publisher=Sify.com |access-date=23 December 2015}}</ref> Likewise, a reviewer from Silverscreen, suggested that she "delivers a performance that stands head and shoulders above her work in previous films".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://silverscreen.in/tamil/reviews/thanga-magan-review-a-little-of-everything/ |title=Thanga Magan Review: A Little Of Everything |date=19 December 2015 |publisher=Silverscreen.in |access-date=23 December 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
====2016–2018: Commercial success====<br />
[[File:Samantha Akkineni.png|thumb|Samantha Akkineni in a 2018 interview]]<br />
Samantha's first release of 2016 was in the Tamil romantic drama film ''[[Bangalore Naatkal]]'', where she made a guest appearance and reprised [[Nithya Menen]]'s small role from the film's [[Bangalore Days|Malayalam original]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Samantha-to-play-Nithyas-role-in-Bangalore-Days-remake/articleshow/48266812.cms | title=Samantha to play Nithya's role in Bangalore Days remake |publisher=[[Times of India]] | access-date= 30 July 2015}}</ref> She then portrayed the lead female role in [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]]'s ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'', and featured alongside [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] for the second time in her career. Her performance received positive reviews, with a critic from DNA India stating "Samantha looks pretty as always" and that "she has done an incredible job in dubbing with a range of emotions in her numerous shades – doctor, lover, mother – and she shines".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-theri-review-only-vijay-fans-might-find-this-film-theri-fic-2202064 | title='Theri' review: Vijay fans might find this film 'Theri'-fic | date=14 April 2016 | access-date= 14 April 2016 |publisher=Dna India}}</ref> Likewise, Behindwoods.com stated that ''Theri'' "could be one of Samantha's best roles; she plays a doctor and has given out a soulful performance".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/theri/theri-review.html|title=Theri (aka) Therii review|date=14 April 2016}}</ref> The film went on to become of the most profitable Tamil films of all time, upon release, and ended a barren spell for the actress in Tamil cinema, by becoming her first commercially successful film in Tamil cinema since ''Kaththi'' (2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-is-smiling-and-why-news-tamil-qetkvBbfddead.html|title=Samantha is smiling and why?}}</ref> Samantha then worked for a second time with director [[Vikram Kumar]] and [[Suriya]] in the critically acclaimed, fantasy film ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]''. Featuring as the love interest of the film's lead character, Samantha won praise from critics for her small role in the film, with Sify.com stating that the actress "does well in the comedy scenes".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/24-review-a-well-executed-intelligent-movie-review-tamil-qfgkr7cdeiejb.html|title=24 review: A well-executed intelligent movie}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/24-review-an-intelligent-joyous-mix-of-scifi-and-masalamyth/article8566328.ece|title=24: An intelligent, joyous mix of sci-fi and masala-myth|date=6 May 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Rangan|first1=Baradwaj}}</ref> The film also performed well at the box office, with [[The Hindu]] stating she was "at the top of the film industry", following her back-to-back commercial successes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/%E2%80%98When-you%E2%80%99re-at-the-top-you%E2%80%99re-just-waiting-to-be-replaced%E2%80%99/article14245987.ece|title='When you're at the top, you're just waiting to be replaced'|first=Srinivasa|last=Ramanujam|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 April 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/I-cried-uncontrollably-due-to-exhaustion/2016/05/10/article3425792.ece|title=I cried uncontrollably due to exhaustion}}</ref><br />
<br />
Samantha also featured in three high-profile Telugu films during 2016; while [[Srikanth Addala]]'s family drama ''[[Brahmotsavam (film)|Brahmotsavam]]'' opposite [[Mahesh Babu]] was a box office failure, her role in [[Trivikram Srinivas]]'s romantic comedy, ''[[A Aa]]'' alongside [[Nithiin]], won her critical and commercial acclaim. Portraying Anasuya Ramalingam, a naive girl trying to escape from the controlling behaviour of her mother, Samantha received positive reviews for her portrayal of the character. A critic from [[The New Indian Express]] noted "''A Aa'' undoubtedly is Samantha's film" and that "right from her first frame till the last, she delivers a stellar performance and shows what she can do if given ample screen time", adding that she was "a joy to watch".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/A..Aa-Review-Please-welcome-Samantha-the-actress/2016/06/02/article3462836.ece1|title=A..Aa Review: Please welcome Samantha the actress}}</ref> Likewise, a reviewer from The Hindu noted "Samantha, after a long time, gets enough screen time and scope to shine", stating "she's vulnerable as a 23-year-old reeling in her mother's shadow and can also play the high maintenance, stubborn girl with ease", while concluding "this is a role she can be proud of".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/aaa-simple-tale-effectively-told/article8681944.ece|title=A…Aa: Simple tale, effectively told|date=2 June 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Dundoo|first1=Sangeetha Devi}}</ref> Similarly Bollywoodlife.com noted her "earnest performance was the life and soul of the romantic comedy", while DNA India's critic cited that "Samantha and Nithiin's performances in this movie will be what people would rave about for days to come".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aaa-review-you-ll-fall-in-love-with-nithiin-reddy-samantha-ruth-prabhu-in-this-rom-com-2219152|title='A...Aa' review: You'll fall in love with Nithiin Reddy, Samantha Ruth Prabhu in this rom-com - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/a-aa-quick-movie-review-samanthas-earnest-performance-is-the-life-and-soul-of-this-romantic-comedy-2/|title=A Aa quick movie review: Samantha's earnest performance is the life and soul of this romantic comedy!|date=3 June 2016}}</ref> The film also performed well at the box office, doing exceptionally good business for a Telugu film released in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/news/Aa-Joins-million-dollars-club|title=A Aa: Joins the million-dollars club|last=jalapathy|date=5 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulte.com/movienews/49659/Samantha-The-Undisputed-Million-Dollar-Baby|title=Samantha, The Undisputed Million Dollar Baby|date=5 June 2016}}</ref> Her performance subsequently fetched her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Telugu|Best Telugu Actress Award]] at the [[64th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]], her fourth such recognition. She then featured in the commercially successful action film ''[[Janatha Garage]]'' directed by [[Koratala Siva]], with a critic noting despite "a limited role, she gives a nice performance".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/janathagarage.html|title=Janatha Garage review by jeevi - Telugu cinema review - NTR, Mohanlall, Samantha & Nithya Menen|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref name="Samantha, Nithya team up with NTR in 'Janatha Garage'">{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/samantha-nithya-team-up-with-ntr-in-janatha-garage-116021600395_1.html | title=Samantha, Nithya team up with NTR in 'Janatha Garage' | newspaper=Business Standard India | date=16 February 2016 | access-date= 16 February 2016 |publisher=Business Standard News}}</ref> She then portrayed the lead female role in [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]]'s ''[[Mersal (film)|Mersal]]'', and featured alongside [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] for the third time in her career and her performance received positive reviews and the movie became [[List of Tamil films of 2017|one of the highest grossing Tamil films of 2017]] and was a blockbuster. ''Mersal'' went on to join the [[100 Crore Club|{{INR}}200 crore club]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/mersal-box-office-collection-vijay-rs-210-crore-worldwide/story/262920.html|title=Mersal Box Office Collection: Vijay's movie makes Rs 210 crore worldwide|website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2018, she had a successful venture with ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' which went on to be the all-time Telugu Blockbuster only behind [[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]] and [[Baahubali: The Beginning]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2018-06-10/Rangasthalam-Final-Worldwide-Box-Office-Collections-Report-/387957|title=Rangasthalam final box office collection|website=www.thehansindia.com|date=10 June 2018}}</ref> The Tamil film ''[[Irumbu Thirai (2018 film)|Irumbu Thirai]]'' in which she starred opposite [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]] and the Telugu film ''[[Mahanati]]'' were successful at the box-office and each had a run of 100 days at the box office. Her performances in Rangasthalam and Mahanati were highly praised. Mridula R from ''[[The News Minute]]'' noted her critically acclaimed film [[U Turn (2018 film)|''U Turn'']] as a curiosity generating script that provides her the ultimate screen presence since the story begins with her and she finds it ends, rather that not being shaking a leg in ''[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]], [[Brindavanam (2010 film)|Brindavanam]], [[Kaththi]], [[Attarintiki Daredi]]'' or being glam doll or having out of scope performances overshadowed in ''[[Dookudu]], [[S/O Satyamurthy]], [[Brahmotsavam (film)|Brahmotsavam]], [[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' and ''[[Mersal (film)|Mersal]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nayanthara-and-anushka-samantha-proves-shes-ready-lead-films-u-turn-88533|first=Mridula|last=R|title=Like Nayanthara and Anushka, Samantha proves she's ready to lead films with 'U Turn'|website=[[The News Minute]]|date=18 September 2018|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2019–present: Experimental roles and upcoming films ====<br />
After acting in her first women-centric film [[U Turn (2018 film)|''U Turn'']], she is next starred in another women-centric film ''[[Oh! Baby]]'' released on 5 July 2019. The film is the remake of the 2014 [[Cinema of South Korea|South Korean]] film ''[[Miss Granny]]''. Her performance in the film received wide spread acclaim. It collected a gross collection of ₹40 [[crore]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-31|title=2019లో భారీ వసూళ్లు రాబట్టిన సినిమాలివే..|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/roundup-2019-special-story-tollywood-movies-1252065|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref> A critic cited her performance as the career best.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-05|title=Oh! Baby movie review : Samantha delivers a career-best performance in Nandini Reddy's heart-warming drama-Entertainment News , Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/oh-baby-movie-review-samantha-delivers-a-career-best-performance-in-nandini-reddys-heart-warming-drama-6940521.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' felt that Samantha's thrives in the role that reflects the possibilities of youth, the burden of old age, and the society's indifference to the desires and complaints of old people."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-05|title=Oh Baby movie review: Samantha Akkineni thrives in this fantasy comedy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/oh-baby-movie-review-rating-samantha-akkineni-5816997/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> She is next seen in another successful film ''[[Majili]]''.This marks Chaitanya and Samantha's fourth collaboration after ''[[Ye Maaya Chesave]]'', ''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]'', and ''[[Autonagar Surya]]'' and their first collaboration after their marriage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naga Chaitanya and Samantha turn into a troubled couple for 'Majili' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naga-chaitanya-and-samantha-turn-into-a-troubled-couple-for-majili/articleshow/66472479.cms|access-date=2021-05-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Her character was quoted as one of the strong ones of 2019 films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Strong Female Centric Films of Year 2019 l Auro Media House|url=https://auromediahouse.com/2019/12/31/female-centric-films-2019/|access-date=2021-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> She received awards for her performance in the two films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Critics' Choice Film Awards 2020: Samantha Akkineni, Vijay Sethupathi, Super Deluxe win BIG; Winners list out|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/critics-choice-film-awards-2020-samantha-akkineni-vijay-sethupathi-super-deluxe-win-big-winners-list-out|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|website=[[PINKVILLA]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-12|title=Zee Cine awards Telugu 2020: Samantha Akkineni, Chiranjeevi and Nani win top laurels|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/zee-cine-awards-telugu-2020-samantha-akkineni-chiranjeevi-and-nani-win-top-laurels/story-IIb1IjGUKhrdscXkxVOI2I.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Samatha next played the character Janaki Devi in the 2020 film [[Jaanu (2020 film)|''Jaanu'']], which is a remake of 2018 Tamil film [['96 (film)|''<nowiki/>'96'']]. The film received decent reviews with her performance too receiving good response. Samantha has a signed a mythological film in 2020 titled ''[[Shaakuntalam]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2021-01-02|title=Samantha to headline Gunasekhar's 'Shakuntalam'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/samantha-in-director-gunasekhars-mythological-film-shakuntalam/article33479131.ece|access-date=2021-05-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> directed by [[Gunasekhar]]. She will be seen as [[Shakuntala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=TelanganaToday|title=Samantha's Shakuntalam goes on floors|url=https://telanganatoday.com/samanthas-shakuntalam-goes-on-floors|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shakuntalam: Samantha Akkineni to play the lead role in Gunasekar's upcoming mythological drama|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/shakuntalam-samantha-akkineni-play-lead-role-gunasekar-s-upcoming-mythological-drama-589052|access-date=2021-05-19|website=PINKVILLA|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
Samantha made her television debut in 2020 by hosting an episode [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language reality television series [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)|''Bigg Boss 4'']] as part of a special episode.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4: Samantha Akkineni steps in for Nagarjuna as host for Dussehra special; Watch first promo|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/bigg-boss-telugu-4-samantha-akkinenis-steps-nagarjuna-host-dussehra-special-watch-first-promo-570247|access-date=2020-10-25|website=www.pinkvilla.com}}</ref> She received praise for her work in the series.<ref>{{Cite web|last=K.|first=Janani|date=October 25, 2020|title=Samantha promises enjoyment as she turns host for Bigg Boss Telugu 4. Watch Nagarjuna's reaction|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/samantha-promises-enjoyment-as-she-turns-host-for-bigg-boss-telugu-4-watch-nagarjuna-s-reaction-1734859-2020-10-25|access-date=2020-10-25|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Later, in the same year she once again hosted a talk show ''[[Sam Jam]]'' that streamed on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pecheti|first=Prakash|title=Samantha Akkineni turns host with Sam Jam|url=https://telanganatoday.com/samantha-akkineni-turns-host-with-sam-jam|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2021, Samantha starred in the second season of [[Hindi]] [[Web series|web-series]] [[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|''The Family Man'']].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-27|title=Samantha Akkineni dubs for web series The Family Man Season 2|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/samantha-akkineni-dubs-for-the-family-man-season-2-photo-6572298/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> She played the role of the main antagonist Raji, a rebel leader from the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Family Man 2 Review: Manoj Bajpayee And Samantha Deliver An Onscreen Duet To Die For|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-family-man-2-review-manoj-bajpayee-and-samantha-deliver-an-onscreen-duet-to-die-for-3-stars-out-of-5-2456150|access-date=2021-06-07|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life and off-screen work==<br />
[[File:Samantha Akkineni along with Naga Chaitanya Akkineni.jpg|thumb|Samantha & Naga Chaitanya with [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] and [[Venkatesh Daggubati]].]]<br />
Samantha suffered from an extended period of illness in 2012, which saw her having to opt out of big film projects and take a two-month break from acting. She suffered from an immunity disorder and then had a further setback after her body did not respond well to antibiotics.<ref name="nie">{{cite news |last=Mohan |first=Manasa |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article1431634.ece |title='I can't look at myself on the screen |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=23 January 2013 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><br />
She began dating actor [[Naga Chaitanya]] in 2010 after appearing in the film ''[[Ye Maaya Chesave]]''. The pair were engaged in a ceremony in Hyderabad during January 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ibtimes-exclusive-samantha-opens-about-naga-chaitanya-marriage-694379 |title=IBTimes Exclusive: Samantha opens up about Naga Chaitanya and marriage |website=Ibtimes.co.in |date=20 September 2016 |access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/naga-chaitanya-samantha-marriage-plans-premam-saahasam-swasaga-sagapo/1/767104.html |title=Naga Chaitanya on wedding plans: I will tie the knot next year |website=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=18 September 2016 |access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/chaisam-wedding-all-you-need-know-about-naga-chaitanya-and-samantha-69561|title=ChaiSam wedding: All that you need to know about Naga Chaitanya and Samantha|date=7 October 2017|website=thenewsminute.com}}</ref> She got married in [[Goa]] as per traditional Hindu customs on 6 October 2017 and then by Christian customs on 7 October 2017,<ref name="wed">{{cite news|last1=Aashna|first1=Shah|title=Samantha Ruth Prabhu And Naga Chaitanya Married - Happily Ever After.|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/samantha-ruth-prabhu-and-naga-chaitanya-married-happily-ever-after-see-pics-1759776|access-date=7 October 2017|work=[[NDTV]]|date=7 October 2017|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> and became a member of the [[Akkineni family]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/naga-chaitanya-samantha-ruth-prabhu-wedding-on-hold-for-now-nagarjuna-3016386/|title= Naga Chaitanya-Samantha Ruth Prabhu wedding on hold for now: Nagarjuna}}</ref> Since then she has been using her [[Maiden and married names|married name]], Samantha Akkineni.<ref name="namechange">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/samantha-ruth-prabhu-changes-name-to-samantha-akkineni-here-s-how-twitter-reacted/story-O0uBLQP9vGYvy0DnEpOyZL.html |title='Samantha Ruth Prabhu changes name to Samantha Akkineni. Here's how Twitter reacted' |newspaper=Hindustahan Times |date=12 October 2017 |access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="namechange2">{{cite news |url=https://regional.pinkvilla.com/telugu/news/im-akkineni-samantha-now-live-familys-legacy-says-newly-wed-samantha/ |title='I'm Akkineni Samantha from now and I have to live up to the family's legacy, says the newly wed Samantha' |newspaper=Pinkvilla |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Philanthropy===<br />
<br />
Samantha has actively been involved in philanthropic activities and donates her earnings from endorsements, product launches and inauguration events to her charitable trust, [[Pratyusha Support]], which was registered in 2012.<ref name="pratyusha">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/ye-maaya-chesave-girl-reaches-out-to-children/article6796447.ece |title='Ye Maaya Chesave' girl reaches out to children |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 January 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> She chose to begin the non-governmental organisation after being bed-ridden for 15 days during her documented illness in 2012, and wanted to give back to society. Samantha subsequently started the [[Pratyusha Support|Pratyusha Support foundation]] to provide medical support for women and children with the help of three doctor friends, and provided the entire financial support for the programme.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/samantha.html |title=Samantha interview – Telugu film actress |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=13 December 2012 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> She held a fund raiser in August 2013 to raise awareness of her foundation, auctioning several of her personal items and memorabilia from films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Samantha-to-auction-personal-items/articleshow/21706272.cms |title=Samantha to auction personal items |newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> A further initiative in 2014 saw the launch of a programme to fulfil the wishes of children with life-threatening diseases, with Samantha financing trips for children to fly on an aeroplane and travel to the [[Taj Mahal]], while also organising opportunities for children to meet their favourite film actors.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-heroines-ditch-glamour-for-charity/articleshow/31829107.cms |title=Tollywood heroines ditch glamour for charity |newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-fulfills-ailing-kids-wish/articleshow/44878129.cms |title=Ram Charan fulfills ailing kid's wish |newspaper=The Times of India |date=19 October 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Samantha has also been involved in spreading awareness of haemophilia, regularly taking part in events creating awareness of the disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulte.com/movienews/11087/Samantha-Sets-Out-For-A-Cause |title=Samantha attends Hemophilia Awareness Program |publisher=Gulte.com |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Through her charitable trust, Samantha entered into an agreement in January 2015 to pay a third of the hospital bills of one infant per week who required intensive care support at Andhra Hospitals. Under the arrangement, Samantha agreed to contribute towards a third of the bills, while Andhra Hospitals would also pay a third of the bill and the remaining third would be paid by the parents.<ref name="ah">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/actor-samantha-to-sponsor-vaccines-to-infants/article7832143.ece |title=Actor Samantha to sponsor vaccines to infants |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2 November 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> In November 2015, Samantha entered into a further agreement with Andhra Hospitals to sponsor vaccination of all infants below six months for rotaviral infections free of cost.<ref name="ah"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/diabetes-screening-awareness-camp-today/article7875834.ece |title=Diabetes screening, awareness camp today |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Later in the month, the actress took part in an organ donation pledge at [[Madhapur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/actress-samantha-to-take-on-an-organ-donation-pledge.html |title=Actress Samantha to take on an organ donation pledge |publisher=Behindwoods.com |date=4 November 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> During the [[2015 South Indian floods|2015 Chennai floods]], Samantha was situated in Hyderabad for the shoot of a film, and helped mobilise the Mana Madras Kosam initiative organised by the Telugu film industry. Through the initiative, she participated in gathering relief materials at Ramanaidu Studios and appealed to the Telugu-speaking public to help gather resources to send to Chennai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/mana-madras-kosam-to-chennai-with-love-from-hyderabad/article7961761.ece|title=Mana Madras Kosam: To Chennai, with love from Hyderabad|author=Srivathsan Nadadhur|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/samantha-appeals-p-telengana-tn-flood-relief-fund-346086.html|title=Samantha appeals to A.P., Telengana for TN flood relief fund|date=11 December 2015|website=Kollytalk.com}}</ref> She later donated 30 lakh rupees for flood relief activities to take place in [[Pallavaram]], the suburb in which the actress grew up.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchi9.com/movienews/samantha-ruth-prabhu-30-lakh-donation-for-chennai-floods/|title=Samantha outdoes Superstar for Chennai help|publisher=Telugu Movie News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-actress/samantha/samantha-interview.html |title=Samantha interview |publisher=Behindwoods.com |access-date=23 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/samanthas-unlearning-experience/article7996153.ece?secpage=true&secname=entertainment |title=Samantha's unlearning experience: On acting with Dhanush in Thanga Magan |work=The Hindu |date=16 December 2015 |access-date=23 December 2015}}</ref> Samantha stood up for the cause of Handloom people of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states by wearing them and making photoshoots for handloom made sarees and other items.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/actor-samantha-ruth-prabhu-is-championing-the-cause-of-indian-handlooms/|title=Actor Samantha Ruth Prabhu is championing the cause of Indian handlooms|publisher=vogue.in|date=7 August 2017}}</ref> Samantha to be brand Ambassador for Telangana Handlooms<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/samantha-turns-brand-ambassador-telangana-handlooms/1/872048.html|title=Samantha to be brand ambassador of Telangana handlooms|publisher=intoday.in|date=7 February 2017}}</ref> Samantha to start a store named Tweave along with handloom persons and a company named SVSpartnersLLP a company into handlooms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ntvtelugu.com/en/2017/08/09/samantha-announces-launch-of-tweave/|publisher=ntvtelugu.com|title= Samantha announces launch of 'Tweave'|date=9 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Media image and artistry==<br />
The success of ''[[Ye Maaya Chesave]]'' (2010) and subsequent back-to-back successes prompted ''Rediff.com'' to label her "the most sought after actress in the Telugu film industry" during 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-samantha-i-am-gods-favourite-child-south/20140523.htm#1 |title=Samantha: I am God's favourite child |work=Rediff.com |date=23 May 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Her initial choice of films depicted her as an actress who actively selects to feature in strong female roles, with [[Times of India]] noting that "scripts are written around the characters she portrays" and that she held a place in the "wishlist of every top actor, director and producer".<ref name="toi">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/I-am-in-love-says-Samantha/articleshow/17758408.cms |title=I am in love, says Samantha |newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 December 2012 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Her inclusion in Telugu film projects were also initially considered a "lucky charm" by producers, though Samantha acknowledged that though "destiny" played a role in her career, and that there were "many women out there who are more beautiful and more talented" than she was and that she hoped her name would instead be "synonymous with hard work".<ref name="toi"/> Samantha also stated that she was willing to forgo her salary demands to appear in good films, revealing that she worked on [[Gautham Menon]]'s films for lower rates and that she had rejected more lucrative offers to feature in [[S. S. Rajamouli]]'s ''[[Eega]]'' (2012).<ref name="toi"/><br />
<br />
After portraying strong characters in her first few films, Samantha chose to feature in increasingly hero-centric films in the mid 2010s. When questioned on her decision not to take up more heroine-orientated roles, Samantha lamented the lack of chances that the South Indian film industry presents for established female characters and described it as "simply male-dominated".<ref name="hello"/><ref name="toiperf">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Never-gone-running-behind-something-Samantha/articleshow/47049957.cms |title=Never gone running behind something: Samantha |newspaper=The Times of India |date=26 April 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> She added that the market meant she was not going to "get roles similar to her characters in ''Ye Maaya Chesave'' or ''Eega'' every time" and accepted stories if it had "the potential to engage viewers".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123telugu.com/interviews/exclusive-interview-samantha-ive-changed-as-a-person.html |title=Exclusive Interview : Samantha – I've changed as a person |publisher=123telugu.com |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> Talking about her glamorous role in her comeback Tamil film, ''[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]'' (2014), Samantha stated that she made a "thoughtful call" as "it was important to do these kind of films to get exposure into the market," and that regrettably "mass films" were "where the main audience" was in South Indian cinema. She also added that she did not want to be "typecast as the girl-next-door" and was keen to prove critics wrong, who said that she could not fit into glamorous roles.<ref name="ok">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlykollywood.com/only-kollywood-samantha-interview-anjaan-kaththi-10-enradhukulla/ |title=Interview with Samantha Ruth Prabhu, the reigning queen! |publisher=Only Kollywood |date=11 August 2014 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> In an interview in 2015, Samantha suggested that she was unhappy with her work during the previous year and would no longer do any more films where she would be "required to do five songs and the scenes leading up to the songs" and made a promise to herself that "if she was not going to get good roles", she would quit acting.<ref name="dna">{{cite web|author=Latha Srinivasan |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-i-wanted-to-quit-films-says-samantha-2117860 |title=I wanted to quit films, says Samantha |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |date=24 August 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Being able to speak both Tamil and Telugu, Samantha has often been cast in bilingual films and has juggled her commitments between the Tamil and Telugu film industries. Even though she had a brief foray into Hindi cinema with the shelved ''Assi Nabbe Poorey Sau'', Samantha has distanced herself from working on Hindi language films stating that she has no incentive to move to [[Bollywood]] unlike actresses of North Indian origin and that audiences from South India would relate to her appearance more.<ref name="hello"/> Her popularity has led to the actress representing several brands on a pan-Indian scale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teluguodu.com/samantha-is-the-1st-south-actress-to-do-it/ |title=Samantha Is The 1st South Actress To Do It! |publisher=Teluguodu.com |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2013/photos-samantha-new-brand-ambassador-lux-120055.html |title=Photos: Samantha Turns New Brand Ambassador Of Lux |publisher=Filmibeat |date=18 September 2013 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> She has often been cast opposite the same actors more than once, featuring in two or more films with [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Suriya]], [[Naga Chaitanya]], [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Mahesh Babu]] and [[Jr NTR]], a feat Samantha revealed she takes "pride in".<ref name="dna"/> The actress has also regularly appreciated work by her contemporaries, and has in particular praised performances by [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Nithya Menen]] and [[Sai Pallavi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/samantha-looks-up-to-anushka-telugu-news-72037.html |title=Samantha looks up to Anushka |publisher=Indiaglitz.com |date=14 October 2011 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/i-want-to-end-my-career-with-his-film--samantha-interview--telugu-news-130234.html |title=I want to end my career with his film : Samantha [Interview] |publisher=Indiaglitz.com |date=13 April 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-28|title=Samantha praises Sai Pallavi after watching Fidaa|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/samantha-praises-sai-pallavi-after-watching-fidaa.html|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Behindwoods}}</ref><br />
<br />
Samantha has also been involved in a few controversies, primarily as a result of voicing her opinions through [[Twitter]]. Following the release of a promotional poster for the Telugu film, ''[[1: Nenokkadine]]'' (2014) in December 2013, Samantha criticised the depiction of actress [[Kriti Sanon]] crawling behind actor Mahesh Babu on the beach, who looks back at Kriti disapprovingly. Samantha tweeted that the poster was "deeply regressive" and stated that it was offensive by the makers to depict women like animals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatandhra.com/movies/photo-feature/samanthas-comment-on-1-nenokkadine-poster-52346.html |title=Samantha's Comment On '1-Nenokkadine' Poster? |publisher=greatandhra.com |date=16 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102135533/http://www.greatandhra.com/movies/photo-feature/samanthas-comment-on-1-nenokkadine-poster-52346.html |access-date=30 December 2013|archive-date=2 November 2017 }}</ref> The tweet received an adversely storming response from Mahesh Babu's fans, who launched a scathing attack on her online and targeted abuse at the actress. Her opinions were later backed by actor [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] and directors [[Sekhar Kammula]] and [[Nandini Reddy]], who also resultantly faced similar abuse, before Mahesh Babu apologised.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Theres-Samthing-about-Mahesh-Babu/articleshow/27621398.cms|title=There's 'Sam'thing about Mahesh Babu|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Samantha-could-have-called-me-Mahesh/articleshow/28850028.cms|title=Samantha could have called me: Mahesh|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/mahesh-babu-and-samantha-make-peace-news-telugu-ohon4Vgcfbcjf.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715134613/http://www.sify.com/movies/mahesh-babu-and-samantha-make-peace-news-telugu-ohon4Vgcfbcjf.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-07-15|title=Mahesh Babu and Samantha make peace|website=Sify.com}}</ref> Through her tweets, she was also criticised for revealing actor [[Akhil (Telugu actor)|Akhil]]'s presence in ''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]'' (2014) and retweeting a pirated image from her film ''[[10 Endrathukulla]]'' (2015).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151030/entertainment-kollywood/article/samantha%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98smoking%E2%80%99-re-tweet-invites-trouble|title=Samantha's 'smoking' re-tweet invites trouble|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/Samanthas-tweet-has-Nag-fuming/articleshow/26324058.cms|title=Samantha's tweet has Nag fuming|newspaper=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> Her family home in Chennai was raided in late September 2015 by income tax officials, in a planned operation targeting film actors, though the actress and her father denied making any wrongful payments.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/it-raids-on-premises-of-actors-vijay-nayanthara-samantha-ends/article7712720.ece|title=Actor Vijay evaded tax for five years, claim I-T officials|author=Sangeetha Kandavel|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/news/Samantha-denies-tax-evasion-allegations|title=Samantha denies tax-evasion allegations|website=Telugucinema.com}}</ref> In 2017, she was appointed as the ambassador for [[Telangana]] [[Handloom]]s by the government of [[Telangana]] and currently works to promote handloom textiles in the state of Telangana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/here-is-why-ktr-is-thanking-samantha-telugu-news-178007.html|title=Here is why KTR is thanking Samantha|publisher=indiaglitz.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
She was ranked in [[The Times of India|The Times Most Desirable Women]] at No. 17 in 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MEET THE TIMES 50 MOST DESIRABLE WOMEN 2019 - Times of India ►|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/77805527.cms|access-date=2021-08-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> at No. 34 in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Times Most Desirable Women of 2020 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-woman-of-2020-rhea-chakraborty-living-through-a-trial-by-fire-gracefully/articleshow/83312150.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Accolades ==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Samantha Akkineni}}<br />
<br />
Samantha is recipient several awards including four [[Filmfare Awards South]], two [[Andhra Pradesh]] State [[Nandi Awards]], four [[South Indian International Movie Awards]], and three [[CineMAA Awards]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb person}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|samantha_akkineni}}<br />
* {{Facebook}}<br />
{{Bigg Boss Telugu}}{{FilmfareTeluguBestActress}}<br />
{{FilmfareTamilBestActress}}<br />
{{NandiSpecialJuryAward}}<br />
{{CineMAABestActress}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Akkineni, Samantha}}<br />
[[Category:1987 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br />
[[Category:Malayali people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Stella Maris College, Chennai alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Female models from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamita_Shetty&diff=138496Shamita Shetty2021-08-18T16:16:42Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Indian actress}} {{BLP sources|date=April 2009}} {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} {{Infobox person | name..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=April 2009}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Shamita Shetty<br />
| image = Shamita Shetty graces the red carpet of Lakme Fashion Week 2018 (08) (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Shetty at the red carpet of Lakme Fashion Week 2018<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|02|02|df=y}}<ref name="bd1">{{cite web |title=Birthday girl Shamita Shetty turns 35, parties with sis, Bipasha |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/birthday-shamita-shetty-35-shilpa-shetty-kundra-bipasha-basu/1/341306.html |website=India Today |access-date=22 May 2016 |date=2 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="bd2">{{cite web |title=R Madhavan, Shilpa Shetty, Karishma Tanna, Upen Patel and others attend Shamita Shetty's birthday bash |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/r-madhavan-shilpa-shetty-karishma-tanna-upen-patel-others-attend-shamita-shettys-birthday-bash-665669 |website=International Business Times |access-date=22 May 2016 |date=4 February 2016}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Mangalore]], India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actress]]|[[Model (person)|Model]]|[[interior design]]er}}<br />
| image_size = 220px<br />
| years_active = 2000–2011<br />2015–present<br />
| height = 5 ft 4 in<br />
| relatives = [[Shilpa Shetty]] (sister)<br />
[[Raj Kundra]] (brother in law)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Shamita Shetty'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-celebs-and-their-birthday-celebrations/Shamita-Shetty-rings-in-her-birthday-in-style-with-sister-Shilpa-Shetty-and-friends/photostory/62753822.cms |title=Shamita Shetty rings in her birthday in style with sister Shilpa Shetty and friends – Bollywood celebs and their birthday celebrations – The Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref> (born 2 February 1979)<ref name="bd1" /><ref name="bd2" /> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Bollywood]] actress and [[interior designer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shamita Shetty on her interior design career |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/shamita-shetty-on-her-interior-design-career-1.1993656 |url-status=live}}</ref> She made her debut with the [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] ''[[Mohabbatein]]'' in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Did you know that Shamita Shetty had turned down the Aamir Khan starrer ‘Lagaan’ for ‘Mohabbatein’? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-you-know-that-shamita-shetty-had-turned-down-the-aamir-khan-starrer-lagaan-for-mohabbatein/articleshow/79143659.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Her portrayal of Ishika earned her the [[International Indian Film Academy|IIFA]] Award for&nbsp;Star Debut of the year.&nbsp;She was a contestant in the reality show, ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 3)|Bigg Boss 3]]'', in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/year-2017-when-tv-celebs-nailed-the-beach-look/photostory/62195163.cms |title=When TV celebs nailed the beach look |date=5 March 2018 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> She later participated in ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 8)|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8]]'' (2015) and ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]'' in 2019, and became one of the finalists.''<ref name="kkk9">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/khatron-ke-khiladi-is-back-contestants-include-vikas-gupta-bharti-singh-haarsh-limbachiyaa-1882199 |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi Is Back. Contestants Include Vikas Gupta, Bharti Singh, Haarsh Limbachiyaa |date=12 July 2018}}</ref>''<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Shamita was born in a [[Tulu people|Tulu]] [[Bunt (community)|Bunt]] family, in Mangalore. Her father Surendra and her mother, Sunanda are both [[Manufacturing|manufacturers]] of tamper-proof water caps in the [[pharmaceutical]] industry. She is the sister of actress [[Shilpa Shetty]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shamita Shetty opens on Her Marriage and Life Partner |url=https://newsbust.in/shamita-shetty-opens-on-her-marriage-and-life-partner/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
She did her schooling at the St. Anthony's Girls' High School, Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |last1=DelhiFebruary 2 |first1=India Today Online New |title=Birthday girl Shamita Shetty turns 35, parties with sis, Bipasha |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/birthday-shamita-shetty-35-shilpa-shetty-kundra-bipasha-basu-179412-2014-02-02 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> After completing her degree in Commerce from [[Sydenham College|Sydenham college]], Shamita did a fashion designing diploma from [[SNDT]] college [[Mumbai]]. After this, she started her internship with ace fashion designer [[Manish Malhotra]], but Manish saw a spark in her and suggested to prep her for her acting career. In 2011, Shamita decided to follow her passion in Interior design<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shamita-shetty-filmmakers-just-assumed-i-m-not-interested-in-acting-and-films/story-KRm21IkpNHsgseFsDAtsuM.html |title=Shamita Shetty: Filmmakers just assumed I'm not interested in acting and films |date=22 September 2017}}</ref> and did her first solo project by designing Royalty,<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shamita-shetty-has-design-plans-1813680 |title=Shamita Shetty has design plans – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |date=21 March 2013}}</ref> a club in [[Mumbai]]. Later, her love for interior design pushed her to do a diploma from [[Central Saint Martins]] and [[Inchbald School of Design]] in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shamita Shetty has design plans |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shamita-shetty-has-design-plans-1813680 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
She made her film debut in 2000 with the [[Yash Raj Films]] movie ''[[Mohabbatein]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/mohabbatein-revisited-kim-sharma-shares-old-pic-with-shamita-shetty-oh-god-says-preeti-jhangiani-1648349-2020-02-20 |title=Mohabbatein revisited: Kim Sharma shares old pic with Shamita Shetty. Oh God, says Preeti Jhangiani |access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> which was directed by [[Aditya Chopra]]. Her portrayal of Ishika earned her the 2001 [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.storypick.com/shamita-shetty-candid-interview/ |title="I Didn't Have Enough." Shamita Shetty Opens Up About Her Career Choices in Candid Interview. |date=23 September 2017}}</ref> Soon after, she gave the best dance numbers to [[Bollywood]], including "Sharara Sharara" in ''[[Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai]]'' (2001) and "Chori Pe Chori" in ''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]'' (2002), to getting appreciated for her acting in the film ''[[Zeher]]'' (2005), where she was nominated as the Star of the Year – Female at [[Stardust (magazine)|Stardust]] awards (2006). She worked once with her sister [[Shilpa Shetty]] in ''[[Fareb (2005 film)|Fareb]]''. She has also been part of multi-star-cast projects like ''[[Cash]]'' (2007) and ''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafa]]'' (2005). Alongside her acting&nbsp;career,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.femina.in/celebs/indian/a-candid-chat-with-shamita-shetty-56564.html |title=A candid chat with Shamita Shetty |website=femina.in}}</ref> she decided to focus on her other love, i.e. Interior designing.&nbsp;She designed Royalty&nbsp;(a club in Mumbai), Chandigarh Iosis&nbsp;spa&nbsp;(Won best interior award at Asia spa awards)&nbsp;and few other properties abroad. She has a registered company called "Golden Leaf interiors"<ref name="dnaindia.com" />&nbsp;<br />
<br />
Her passion for the entertainment industry kept drawing her back and&nbsp;she returned with a reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shamita-shetty-going-into-bigg-boss-was-a-challenge-that-went-completely-against-my-personality-1650169.html |title=Shamita Shetty: Going into Bigg Boss Was A Challenge That Went Completely Against My Personality |website=News18}}</ref> internationally known as ''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]''&nbsp;on [[Indian television]]. She opted out of the show for her sister [[Shilpa Shetty]]'s wedding.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shamita-upset-with-Bigg-Boss/articleshow/5242248.cms |title=Shamita upset with Bigg Boss |work=The Times of India}}</ref> She was out of the show on 14 November 2009 (day 41) after staying for 6 weeks and was the only contestant who wasn't nominated even once during her stay in the ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' house. Soon after, she appeared on the Indian version of Dancing with the stars&nbsp;– ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shamita-shetty-wins-dance-marathon-on-jhalak-reloaded/ |title=Shamita Shetty wins 'Dance Marathon' on 'Jhalak Reloaded' |date=11 September 2015}}</ref> Recently she did the web series ''Yo Ke Hua Bro'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/getting-interesting-projects-web-space-shamita-shetty-1502578765.html |title=Getting some interesting projects in web space: Shamita Shetty |date=3 February 2018}}</ref> streaming on [[Voot]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shamita-shetty-is-making-a-debut-again-this-time-in-web-series-called-yo-ke-hua-bro-1738843 |title=Shamita Shetty Is Making A Debut Again, This Time in Web Series Called Yo Ke Hua Bro |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> on [[Viacom 18]] digital platform.&nbsp;It is directed by Suparn Verma, and also stars a talented bunch of actors like [[Aparshakti Khurana]], [[Gaurav Pandey]] and [[Ridhima Pandit]]. It took her 13 years since "Cash" to return with an acting role to the Hindi screen in the web series "Black Widows" last year. She now has Sushrut Jain's "The Tenant" lined up.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Shamita Shetty On Not Chasing Quantity in Bollywood: "Unfortunately, You Are in an Industry That Says..." |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/shamita-shetty-on-not-chasing-quantity-in-bollywood-unfortunately-you-are-in-an-industry-that-says-out-of-sight-is-out-of-mind/ |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Brands ==<br />
Shamita endorsed [[Pantene]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.musicjinni.com/eaIx9MrYe-M/Shilpa-Shetty-with-Shamita-Shetty-in-Pantene-TV-Commercial.html |title=Shilpa Shetty with Shamita Shetty in Pantene TV Commercial – Music Jinni |last=musicjinni |website=www.musicjinni.com}}</ref> along with [[Shilpa Shetty]] for a year. Over the years, She has been&nbsp;associated with brands like [[Aldo Group|Aldo]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hamaraphotos.com/shamita_shetty_95_330.html |title=Shamita Shetty at Aldo launch in Mumbai on 2nd Sept 2016}}</ref> [[Audi]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/shamita-shetty-at-audi-magazine-launch-hindi-videos-25780 |title=Shamita Shetty at Audi Magazine Launch videos – IndiaGlitz.com |via=www.indiaglitz.com}}</ref> IIJAS Jewellery exhibition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/shamita-shetty-inaugurates-11th-edition-of-iifjas/1120124 |title=Shamita Shetty inaugurates 11th Edition of IIFJAS – Free Press Journal |date=12 August 2017}}</ref> to name a few.<br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Other notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''[[Mohabbatein]]''<br />
| Ishika Dhanrajgir<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''<br />
|<br />
| Special appearance in song "Chori Pe Chori"<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''[[Raajjiyam]]''<br />
| Geeta Karthikeyan<br />
| [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''[[Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai]]''<br />
|<br />
| Special appearance in song "Sharara Sharara"<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Pilisthe Palukutha]]''<br />
| Shanti<br />
| [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Agnipankh]]''<br />
| Anjana<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Wajahh: A Reason to Kill]]''<br />
| Ishita Singhania<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[Fareb (2005 film)|Fareb]]''<br />
| Ria A. Singhania<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[Zeher]]''<br />
| Sonia Mehra<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafaa]]''<br />
| Pallavi Arora<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''[[Mohabbat Ho Gayi Hai Tumse]]''<br />
| Megha<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Cash (2007 film)|Cash]] ''<br />
| Shanaya Rao<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Heyy Babyy]]''<br />
|<br />
| Special appearance in song "Heyy Babyy"<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Hari Puttar: A Comedy of Terrors]]''<br />
|<br />
| Special Appearance<br />
|-<br />
| {{Em dash}}<br />
| ''[[Naan Aval Adhu]]''<br />
| Geetha<br />
| Tamil film<br />Unreleased<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/13-movies-that-were-shot-but-got-shelved/naan-aval-adhu-2006.html |title=Naan Aval Adhu 2006 &#124; 13 Movies that were shot but got shelved |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''Yo Ke Hua Bro''<br />
| Suman Rao<br />
| Web Series ( 6 Episodes)<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''The Tenant''<br />
| Meera<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''[[Black Widows (web series)|Black Widows]]''<br />
| Kavita Tharoor<br />
| [[Zee5]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Name<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 3)|Bigg Boss 3]]''<br />
| rowspan="4" | Contestant<br />
| Entered Day 1, Withdrew Day 34<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-09|title=Shilpa Shetty once ‘tried to dissuade’ Shamita Shetty from participating in Bigg Boss|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/shilpa-shetty-once-tried-to-dissuade-shamita-shetty-from-participating-in-bigg-boss-101628500662617.html|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 8)|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8]]''<br />
| 2nd Runner-up<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the final contestants of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/contestants-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-8-shamita-shetty-sanaya-irani-radhika-madan-vivian-dsena-ashish-choudhry-dipika-samson-kavita-kaushik-sargun-mehta-375475-2015-06-15|access-date=2021-08-11|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]''<br />
| Finalist<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="kkk9" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss OTT]]''<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title='Bigg Boss OTT': Know all about Shilpa Shetty's sister Shamita Shetty and her second innings with the show {{!}} Latest News & Updates at DNAIndia.com|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-bigg-boss-ott-know-all-about-shilpa-shetty-s-sister-shamita-shetty-and-her-second-innings-with-bigg-boss-2905185|access-date=2021-08-11|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! width="5%" | Year<br />
! style="width:20%;" | Film<br />
! style="width:30%;" | Award<br />
! style="width:29%;" | Category<br />
! style="width:15%;" | Result<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2001<br />
| ''[[Mohabbatein]]''<br />
| [[Filmfare Award]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mohabbatein]]''<br />
| [[Screen Awards]]<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mohabbatein]]''<br />
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Star Debut of the Year (Female)]]<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mohabbatein]]''<br />
| [[Zee Cine Awards]]<br />
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''[[Zeher]]''<br />
| [[Stardust Awards]]<br />
| Star of the Year – Female<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Indian film actresses]]<br />
* [[List of Bollywood actresses]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0792906}}<br />
* {{Instagram|shamitashetty_official}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|shamita-shetty}}<br />
<br />
{{IIFA AwardBestFemaleDebut}}<br />
{{Bigg Boss 3}}<br />
{{Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}<br />
{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shetty, Shamita}}<br />
[[Category:1979 births]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) contestants]]<br />
[[Category:Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi participants]]<br />
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian interior designers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women designers]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]<br />
[[Category:Tulu people]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurmeet_Choudhary&diff=138495Gurmeet Choudhary2021-08-18T16:14:14Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|Indian actor}} {{BLP sources|date=September 2013}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Infobox person | name..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=September 2013}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Gurmeet Choudhary<br />
| image = Gurmeet Choudhary in 2017.jpg<br />
| caption = Choudhary in 2017 at [[Ravi Dubey]]'s birthday<br />
| birth_name = Gurmeet Sitaram Choudhary<br />
| birth_date = <!-- Please cite a reliable source for date of birth --><br />
| birth_place = <br />
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br />
| occupation = Actor, Dancer, Martial Artist , Singer<br />
| years_active = 2006{{ndash}}present<br />
| notable_works = {{hlist|[[Khamoshiyan (film)|Khamoshiyan]]|[[Wajah Tum Ho]]|[[Paltan (film)|Paltan]]|[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]|[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]|[[Punar Vivah]]}}<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Debina Bonnerjee]]|2006,2011}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Gurmeet Choudhary''' is an Indian [[actor]] and [[Martial arts|martial artist]]. He is known for his portrayal of Lord Rama in ''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|2008 TV Series, Ramayan]]'', Maan Singh Khurana in ''[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]'' and Yash Suraj Pratap Sindhina in ''[[Punar Vivaah - Zindagi Milegi Dobara]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ramayan-2008-gurmeet-choudhary-reveals-how-eating-olives-instead-of-berries-landed-him-in-the-hospital/articleshow/76393266.cms|title=Ramayan 2008: Gurmeet Choudhary reveals how eating olives instead of berries landed him in the hospital|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616054014/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ramayan-2008-gurmeet-choudhary-reveals-how-eating-olives-instead-of-berries-landed-him-in-the-hospital/articleshow/76393266.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/how-gurmeet-choudhary-came-to-debina-bonnerjees-rescue-on-the-sets-of-ramayan/articleshow/75887965.cms|title=How Gurmeet Choudhary came to Debina Bonnerjee's rescue on the sets of 'Ramayan'|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524044859/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/how-gurmeet-choudhary-came-to-debina-bonnerjees-rescue-on-the-sets-of-ramayan/articleshow/75887965.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, Gurmeet participated in ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' and emerged as the winner.<br />
<br />
He made his film debut with [[20th Century Fox|Fox Studio's]] psychological thriller and horror, ''[[Khamoshiyan (film)|Khamoshiyan]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/I-want-to-be-a-Bollywood-star-Gurmeet-Choudhary/articleshow/29665822.cms |title=I want to be a Bollywood star: Gurmeet Choudhary – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2014-02-01 |access-date=2014-05-28 |archive-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911083627/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/I-want-to-be-a-Bollywood-star-Gurmeet-Choudhary/articleshow/29665822.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He later appeared in the film ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]''.<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Gurmeets first gained prominence through his portrayal of [[Rama|Shri Ram]] in the 2009 television series [[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]], opposite [[Debina Bonnerjee]] who played the role of [[Sita]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-gurmeet-and-i-would-actually-fight-about-who-would-get-into-the-makeup-seat-first-so-the-other-could-catch-up-on-some-sleep-debina-bonnerjee/articleshow/76306731.cms|title=Exclusive - Gurmeet and I would actually fight about who would get into the makeup seat first, so the other could catch up on some sleep: Debina Bonnerjee|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612002743/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-gurmeet-and-i-would-actually-fight-about-who-would-get-into-the-makeup-seat-first-so-the-other-could-catch-up-on-some-sleep-debina-bonnerjee/articleshow/76306731.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Choudhary participated in the reality show ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (TV series)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]'' with his then fiancée, [[Debina Bonnerjee]] who also played Sita in ''Ramayan''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gurmeet-choudhary-chants-om-mantra-to-drive-away-lockdown-anxiety/articleshow/76192110.cms|title=Gurmeet Choudhary chants 'Om' mantra to drive away lockdown anxiety|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604191312/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gurmeet-choudhary-chants-om-mantra-to-drive-away-lockdown-anxiety/articleshow/76192110.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> After this show, he played the role of a business magnate Maan Singh Khurana in ''[[Geet (TV series)|Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]] alongside [[Drashti Dhami]]''. He played a lead role in the show ''[[Punar Vivah]]'' as Yash Sindhia, a widower father of two.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-six-pack-ram-gurmeet-choudhary/story-klXw565hmCQhzETHVKM7HP.html|title=The Six Pack Ram Gurmeet Choudhary|access-date=22 May 2017|archive-date=3 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603063845/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-six-pack-ram-gurmeet-choudhary/story-klXw565hmCQhzETHVKM7HP.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gurmeet participated in and won the fifth season of the popular dance contest ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' with choreographer Shampa Sonthalia. He competed in the dance contest ''[[Nach Baliye 6]]'' alongside his wife [[Debina Bonnerjee]], his co-star from ''Ramayan'', whom he had married in 2011, in which he finished as the first runner up.<ref>{{cite news|author=Richa Barua, TNN|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-17/tv/28554179_1_debina-bonnerjee-reality-show-honeymoon|title=All work, no honeymoon: Gurmeet, Debina|date=2011-02-17|access-date=2013-09-15|archive-date=3 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103071942/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-17/tv/28554179_1_debina-bonnerjee-reality-show-honeymoon|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>They were choreographed by Pratik Utekar. He participated in an action reality show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi (season 5)]]'' where he was named the first runner-up.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://colors.in.com/in/khatronkekhiladi/contestant/gurmeet-choudhary-572.html |title=Gurmeet Choudhary Khatron ke khiladi Season 5 Contestants, Participants |publisher=Colors.in.com |access-date=2014-05-28 |archive-date=21 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721172610/http://colors.in.com/in/khatronkekhiladi/contestant/gurmeet-choudhary-572.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/gurmeet-debina-join-khatron-ke-khiladi-gang/ |title=Gurmeet- Debina join Khatron Ke Khiladi gang |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2014-02-12 |access-date=2014-05-28 |archive-date=20 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920083937/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/gurmeet-debina-join-khatron-ke-khiladi-gang/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/Rajniesh-Duggall-wins-Fear-Factor-Khatron-Ke-Khiladi-season-5/photostory/35610828.cms |title=Gurmeet becomes Runner up in Fear Factor- Khatron Ke Khiladi season 5 |access-date=22 October 2014 |archive-date=19 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119135314/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/Rajniesh-Duggall-wins-Fear-Factor-Khatron-Ke-Khiladi-season-5/photostory/35610828.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Gurmeet Choudhary's first foray into the Bollywood film industry<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gurmeet-choudhary-on-bagging-his-first-bollywood-film-it-was-mukesh-bhatts-wife-who-first-spotted-me-on-tv-playing-ram-in-ramayan/articleshow/75760475.cms|title=Gurmeet Choudhary on bagging his first Bollywood film: It was Mukesh Bhatt's wife, who first spotted me on TV playing Ram in Ramayan|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=17 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517231958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gurmeet-choudhary-on-bagging-his-first-bollywood-film-it-was-mukesh-bhatts-wife-who-first-spotted-me-on-tv-playing-ram-in-ramayan/articleshow/75760475.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> was in 2015 when he was cast as the character of Jaidev in the psychological thriller Khamoshiyan, produced by Fox Studios India and [[Vishesh Films]]. His next big break was in [[Wajah Tum Ho]], a 2016 thriller produced by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] where he played the character of Ranbir Bajaj one of the main protagonists, alongside [[Sharman Joshi]]. In the 2018 war biopic Paltan by [[J. P. Dutta|J.P. Dutta]], and [[Zee Studios|ZEE Studios]], Gurmeet was cast as Captain Prithvi Singh Dagar a real life officer of the Indian Army, who had played a significant part during the 1967 border conflict between India and China which also serves as the primary context of the film.<br />
<br />
Due to his intense portrayal of an antagonist in Khamoshiyan. 2017 saw him being featured in the [https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/shahid-kapoor-sexiest-asian-man-2017-1107296-2017-12-14 Top 10 list of the Sexiest Asian Man Alive], coming in at the 8th spot between Salman Khan and Ranveer Singh.<br />
<br />
He is also a trained martial artist.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mumbai Mirror|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-28/fitness/34749095_1_gurmeet-choudhary-martial-arts-punar-vivaah|title=8 years since samosas: Gurmeet Choudhary|date=2013-02-28|access-date=2013-09-15|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203052357/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-28/fitness/34749095_1_gurmeet-choudhary-martial-arts-punar-vivaah|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! scope="col"| Year<br />
! scope="col"| Title<br />
! scope="col"| Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2015<br />
| ''[[Khamoshiyan (film)|Khamoshiyan]]''<br />
| Jaidev Dhanrajgir<br />
| Debut Film & Lead Role<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mr. X (2015 film)|Mr. X]]''<br />
| Himself<br />
| Dance performance in item song 'Alif Se'<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]''<br />
| Advocate Ranveer Bajaj<br />
| Lead Role<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Laali Ki Shaadi Mein Laaddoo Deewana]]''<br />
| Prince Veer<br />
| Lead Role<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
| ''[[Paltan (film)|Paltan]]''<br />
| Capt. Prithvi Singh Dagar<br />
| Lead Role<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''The Wife (2021 film)|The Wife''<br />
| Varun<br />
| Lead Role, [[List of ZEE5 original films|ZEE5 originals film]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2004 <br />
| ''[[Yeh Meri Life Hai]]''<br />
| Gurmeet <br />
| Cameo<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]''<br />
| Ballu<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| [[Mayavi (TV series)|Mayavi]]<br />
| Hiranyan<br />
|Tamil serial<br />
|-<br />
| 2008–2009<br />
| ''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]''<br />
| Lord [[Rama|Ram]] / Lord [[Vishnu]]<br />
| Lead Role<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (TV series)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 2010–2011<br />
| ''[[Geet (TV series)|Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]''<br />
| Maan Singh Khurana<br />
| Lead role<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 5)|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5]]<br />
| Contestant<br />
| Winner<br />
|-<br />
| 2012–2013<br />
| ''[[Punar Vivaah - Zindagi Milegi Dobara]]''<br />
| Yash Suraj Pratap Sindhia<br />
| Lead role<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye Shriman v/s Shrimati]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
| Along With [[Debina Bonnerjee]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2013–2014<br />
| [[Nach Baliye 6]]<br />
| Contestant Along With [[Debina Bonnerjee]]<br />
| Runner-up<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 5]]<br />
| Contestant<br />
| Runner-up<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| [[I Can Do That (Indian TV series)|I Can Do That]]<br />
| Contestant<br />
| 2nd Runner-up<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Box Cricket League|Box Cricket League 2]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
| Player in Mumbai Tigers<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Special Appearances ====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year !! TV Show/Film !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 <br />
| ''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]'' <br />
| Dance performance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2011 <br />
| ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'' <br />
| Dance performance<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chotti Bahu|Chotti Bahu – Sawar Ke Rang Rachi]]'' <br />
| Dance performance<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 <br />
| ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''<br />
| Dance performance<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Music Videos ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Song Name<br />
!Singer(s)<br />
!Co-Cast<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|Intezaar<br />
|Arijit Singh<br />
|[[Sanaya Irani]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2021<br />
|Bedardi Se Pyaar Ka<br />
|[[List of songs recorded by Jubin Nautiyal|Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|Kashish Vohra<br />
|-<br />
|''Barsaat Ki Dhun''<br />
|[[List of songs recorded by Jubin Nautiyal|Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|[[Karishma Sharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|MAZAA<br />
|B Praak<br />
|[[Hansika Motwani]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[List of Indian television actors]]<br />
*[[List of Indian film actors]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Gurmeet Choudhary}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|3073211}}<br />
* {{Instagram|guruchoudhary}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}<br />
{{Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Gurmeet}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars winners]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi participants]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asha_Negi&diff=138428Asha Negi2021-08-17T16:43:11Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Indian television actress}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = Asha Negi | ima..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actress}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Asha Negi<br />
| image = Asha Negi at Launch of the new TV show 'Entertainment Ki Raat'.jpg<br />
| image_size = 220px<br />
| caption = Negi in 2017<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|8|23|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rithvik-dhanjani-message-for-asha-negi-on-her-birthday-is-worth-a-read-see-photo-4811184/|title=Rithvik Dhanjani's message for Asha Negi on her birthday is worth a read. See photo|date=24 August 2017|access-date=22 May 2019|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507192712/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rithvik-dhanjani-message-for-asha-negi-on-her-birthday-is-worth-a-read-see-photo-4811184/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]<ref name=toi1/><br />
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actress]]|[[Dancer]]}}<br />
| years_active = 2010–present<br />
| known_for = ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''<br>''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 6]]''<br>''[[Baarish (web series)|Baarish]]''<br />
| partner = [[Rithvik Dhanjani]] (2013–2020) <ref name=toi2>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news/Rithvik-Dhanjani-and-Asha-Negi-promote-Nach-Baliye-6/articleshow/24045635.cms |title=Rithvik Dhanjani and Asha Negi promote 'Nach Baliye 6' – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=13 October 2013 |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214205456/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news/Rithvik-Dhanjani-and-Asha-Negi-promote-Nach-Baliye-6/articleshow/24045635.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="love"/><ref name="break-up"/><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Asha Negi''' (born 23 August 1989) is an Indian actress who works in the [[Television in India|Hindi television industry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rithvik-dhanjani-message-for-asha-negi-on-her-birthday-is-worth-a-read-see-photo-4811184/|title=Rithvik Dhanjani's message for Asha Negi on her birthday is worth a read. See photo|date=24 August 2017|access-date=22 May 2019|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507192712/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rithvik-dhanjani-message-for-asha-negi-on-her-birthday-is-worth-a-read-see-photo-4811184/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=toi1/><br />
<br />
Negi debuted into television in 2010 with a part as Madhura in ''[[Sapnon Se Bhare Naina]]'' on Star Plus, and next appeared as Apeksha Malhotra in [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s production ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pavitra-rishta-fame-asha-negi-rings-in-birthday-with-beau-rithvik-dhanjani-in-the-hills/articleshow/70802371.cms|title=Pavitra Rishta fame Asha Negi rings in birthday with beau Rithvik Dhanjani in the hills|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=6 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906123445/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pavitra-rishta-fame-asha-negi-rings-in-birthday-with-beau-rithvik-dhanjani-in-the-hills/articleshow/70802371.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> She achieved her breakthrough performance that year in soap opera ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' where she played Purvi Deshmukh from 2011 to 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-01/tv/31958580_1_delhi-trip-nightlife-shopping |title=I'd like to see Delhi's nightlife: Asha Negi |date=1 June 2012 |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224824/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-01/tv/31958580_1_delhi-trip-nightlife-shopping |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/eight-years-of-pavitra-rishta-heres-what-the-cast-of-the-show-is-doing-now/sushant-singh-rajput-as-manav/photostory/58944136.cms|title=Eight years of Pavitra Rishta: Here's what the cast of the show is doing now}}</ref> In 2013, she won the of Indian dance reality show ''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 6]]'' with [[Pavitra Rishta]] co-star and her partner [[Rithvik Dhanjani]].<ref name=toi2>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news/Rithvik-Dhanjani-and-Asha-Negi-promote-Nach-Baliye-6/articleshow/24045635.cms |title=Rithvik Dhanjani and Asha Negi promote 'Nach Baliye 6' – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=13 October 2013 |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214205456/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news/Rithvik-Dhanjani-and-Asha-Negi-promote-Nach-Baliye-6/articleshow/24045635.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Her other roles were in ''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]'' as Suhana/Kalpana on [[Zee TV]] and ''[[Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan]]'' as Koyal on [[StarPlus|Star Plus]] apart from an additional participation in [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 6]] on [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Soapboxs-new-screen-jodis-are-amping-the-romance-quotient/articleshow/15326964.cms |title=Soapbox's new screen jodis are amping the romance quotient |newspaper=Times of India |access-date=3 August 2012 |archive-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418115643/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Soapboxs-new-screen-jodis-are-amping-the-romance-quotient/articleshow/15326964.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, she featured in Kapoor's [[web series]] ''[[Baarish (web series)|Baarish]]'' as Gauravi Karmakar opposite [[Sharman Joshi]].<ref name="Asha 13">{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tvs-hit-couple-rithvik-and-asha-negi-win-nach-baliye-6/ |title=TV's hit couple Rithvik and Asha Negi win 'Nach Baliye 6′ |date=2 February 2014 |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407131059/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tvs-hit-couple-rithvik-and-asha-negi-win-nach-baliye-6/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<br />
Negi was born and raised in [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]] to LS.Negi and Beena Negi. In 2009, she was crowned Miss Uttarakhand 2009.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} She eventually moved to Mumbai to pursue an acting career.<ref name="toi1">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-18/tv/33261215_1_small-town-small-screen-silver-screen |title=Small town girls who made it big on small screen |date=18 August 2012 |access-date=26 October 2012 |archive-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016083816/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-18/tv/33261215_1_small-town-small-screen-silver-screen |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Negi began a relationship with her ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' costar [[Rithvik Dhanjani]] in 2013.<ref name="toi2"/><ref name="love">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/love-story-of-rithvik-dhanjani-and-asha-negi-4647 |title=Cute Television Lovebirds Rithvik Dhanjani And Asha Negi's Love Story was Too Filmy To Handle |date=8 February 2018 |access-date=24 February 2019 |archive-date=24 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231449/https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/love-story-of-rithvik-dhanjani-and-asha-negi-4647 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="break">{{cite news|url=http://www.sawfnews.com/Bollywood/67040.aspx |title=Akshay Kumar, Russell Peters' Breakaway Gets Media Attention |publisher=Sawfnews.com |date= 6 June 2011|access-date=9 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608185615/http://www.sawfnews.com/Bollywood/67040.aspx|archive-date=8 June 2011}}</ref><br />
They later broke up in 2020 after 7 years of dating.<ref name="break-up">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/asha-negi-confirms-break-up-with-rithvik-dhanjani-says-she-will-always-have-love-and-compassion-for-him/story-anjBdLhZ4xUkF27TrfrNKO.html|title=Asha Negi confirms break-up with Rithvik Dhanjani, says she will always have ‘love and compassion’ for him|date=3 July 2020|access-date=10 August 2020|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814082945/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/asha-negi-confirms-break-up-with-rithvik-dhanjani-says-she-will-always-have-love-and-compassion-for-him/story-anjBdLhZ4xUkF27TrfrNKO.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===Debut===<br />
Negi started her career as a model in 2009 after she won the title of Miss Uttarkhand 2009 during her college days.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ashok kumar says |url=http://scenarioxpertz.com/home/miss-uttarakhand-contest/ |title=MISS UTTARAKHAND CONTEST – The Biggest Beauty Pageant |publisher=Scenarioxpertz.com |access-date=26 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116001144/http://scenarioxpertz.com/home/miss-uttarakhand-contest/ |archive-date=16 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She appeared in various advertisements for companies and did many photo shoots. Later she auditioned for her first TV show in 2010 with the [[Star Plus]] show ''[[Sapnon Se Bhare Naina]]'' playing the role as Madhura.<ref name="Asha 1">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Negi-opposite-Karan-Sharma-in-a-TV-show/articleshow/46330280.cms |title=Asha Negi opposite Karan Sharma in a TV show |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=25 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225011218/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Negi-opposite-Karan-Sharma-in-a-TV-show/articleshow/46330280.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2011, Negi appeared on the [[Balaji Telefilms]] series ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'', where she played the negative role Apeksha Malhotra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/asha-negi-once-againshafaq-out-pavitra-rishta |title=Asha Negi in once again...Shafaq out of Pavitra Rishta |website=tellychakkar.com |access-date=12 December 2011 |archive-date=9 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109015102/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/asha-negi-once-againshafaq-out-pavitra-rishta |url-status=live }}</ref> She has acknowledged the show as a great experience and has cited lead actress [[Sakshi Tanwar]] as her inspiration.<ref name="Asha 2">{{cite web |url=http://www.indya.com/gallery/indyagallery.aspx?p=Asha-Negi-Sakshi-Tanwar-is-my-inspiration&aid=3497 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126063216/http://www.indya.com/gallery/indyagallery.aspx?p=Asha-Negi-Sakshi-Tanwar-is-my-inspiration&aid=3497 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Asha Negi: Sakshi Tanwar is my inspiration Gallery at |publisher=Indya.com |access-date=26 October 2012 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Breakthrough (2011–2014)===<br />
<br />
[[File:Pavitra Rishta team kya super kool hai hum.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Negi on the sets of [[Pavitra Rishta]] in 2013.]]<br />
<br />
Her first main role was in 2011 when she was cast in part in [[Zee TV]]'s [[Pavitra Rishta]], as the intelligent, beautiful and determined [[Pavitra Rishta#New Generation|Purvi Desmukh]], the adopted daughter of Archana Deskmukh ([[Ankita Lokhande]]).<ref name="Asha 3">{{cite web |author=Tags |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/manav-archana-separate-pavitra-rishta-asha-negi-play-their-adopted-daughter |title=Manav- Archana to separate in Pavitra Rishta; Asha Negi to play their adopted daughter |publisher=Tellychakkar.com |access-date=26 October 2012 |archive-date=23 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423105809/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/manav-archana-separate-pavitra-rishta-asha-negi-play-their-adopted-daughter |url-status=live }}</ref> She has won the stellar performer of the year in Gold Awards and was awarded the popular favourite Jodi at Zee Rishtey awards with Rithvik. Negi has also won the Fresh Face Female at [[Indian Telly Awards]].<br />
<br />
In November 2013, Negi participated in the dance couple reality show ''[[Nach Baliye 6]]'' along with her partner Dhanjani. They both were one of the entertaining contestants. In February 2014, they both became the winner of the dance show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Dhanjani-Asha-Negi-winners-of-Nach-Baliye-6/articleshow/29728019.cms |title=Nach Baliye 6: Rithvik Dhanjani & Asha Negi win |access-date=1 February 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214211041/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Dhanjani-Asha-Negi-winners-of-Nach-Baliye-6/articleshow/29728019.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-was-confident-of-winning-nach-baliye-6-says-asha-negi-1958916 |title=Was confident of winning 'Nach Baliye 6', says Asha Negi |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219054614/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-was-confident-of-winning-nach-baliye-6-says-asha-negi-1958916 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In August 2014, Negi entered the Zee TV show ''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]''.<ref name="Asha 5">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Negi-enters-Ek-Mutthi-Aasman/articleshow/39409337.cms |title=Asha Negi enters Ek Mutthi Aasman |access-date=1 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924105958/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Negi-enters-Ek-Mutthi-Aasman/articleshow/39409337.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She played the role as Kalpana Raghav Singhania opposite [[Ashish Chaudhary]]. She made a small appearance in the &TV show ''Killerr Karaoke Atka Toh Latkah'' in March 2015.<ref name="Asha 15">{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/govinda-krushna-to-shake-a-leg-in-killerr-karaoke-atka-toh-latkah/ |title=Govinda, Krushna to shake a leg in 'Killerr Karaoke, Atka Toh Latkah' |access-date=11 March 2015 |archive-date=17 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317075933/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/govinda-krushna-to-shake-a-leg-in-killerr-karaoke-atka-toh-latkah/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
===''Khatron Ke Khiladi'' and further success (2015–present)===<br />
<br />
Negi participated in the celebrity stunt based show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' in 2015.<ref name="Asha 7">{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/khatron-ke-khiladi-8-full-list-of-contestants-rashami-desai-asha-negi-harshad-arora-iqbal-khan-confirmed/ |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 6 full list of contestants: Rashami Desai, Asha Negi, Harshad Arora, Iqbal Khan confirmed |access-date=18 November 2014 |archive-date=18 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118013118/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/khatron-ke-khiladi-8-full-list-of-contestants-rashami-desai-asha-negi-harshad-arora-iqbal-khan-confirmed/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She became one of the finalists on the show. She then appeared in the [[Ekta Kapoor]] show ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' along with Dhanjani reprising their roles in ''Pavitra Rishta''. She also did an episodic appearance in ''Code Red''. She also was a team member in ''[[Box Cricket League]]'' in Season 1 in 2015 along with Season 2 of [[Box Cricket League|BCL]].<ref name="Asha 16">{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/ |title=Box Cricket League Teams: BCL 2014 Team Details With TV Actors & Names of Celebrities |work=india.com |access-date=14 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910025418/http://www.india.com/showbiz/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/ |archive-date=10 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Asha 17">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-Actors-10-Teams-and-1-Winner-Let-The-Game-Begin/articleshow/50219718.cms |title=200 Actors, 10 Teams, and 1 Winner... Let The Game Begin |work=The Times of India |access-date=4 March 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224202348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-Actors-10-Teams-and-1-Winner-Let-The-Game-Begin/articleshow/50219718.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, hosted the singing reality show ''[[Indian Idol]]'' in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Negi-to-co-host-Indian-Idol-Junior-with-Hussain/articleshow/46736088.cms|title=Asha Negi to co-host Indian Idol Junior with Hussain - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910212605/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Negi-to-co-host-Indian-Idol-Junior-with-Hussain/articleshow/46736088.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Asha 8">{{cite web|url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-confirmed-asha-negi-to-host-indian-idol-junior-4949659-NOR.html|title=Confirmed! Asha Negi to host 'Indian Idol Junior'|date=31 March 2015|website=dailybhaskar|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=1 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501105821/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-confirmed-asha-negi-to-host-indian-idol-junior-4949659-NOR.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2015, Negi was approached and finalised to replace [[Shritama Mukherjee]] in the Star Plus show ''[[Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan]]'' opposite [[Gautam Gupta]] and [[Ali Goni]].<ref name="Asha 9">{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/asha-negi-replaces-female-lead-of-kuch-toh-hai-tere-mere-darmiyaan/ |title=Asha Negi replaces female lead of 'Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan' |access-date=18 November 2015 |archive-date=19 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119141815/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/asha-negi-replaces-female-lead-of-kuch-toh-hai-tere-mere-darmiyaan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She plays the role of Gauravi Mehta in web series of Alt Balaji named ''Baarish'' opposite [[Sharman Joshi]].<br />
<br />
=== Other work and Appearances ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Asha Negi at launch of Telly Calendar 2017.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Negi at an event in 2017]]<br />
<br />
In March 2012, Negi appeared as Purvi in the special episode of ''[[Punar Vivah]]''.<ref name="Asha 19">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1irAs0tdZQ |title=Asha-Rithvik in Punar Vivah |access-date=12 March 2012 |archive-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911084635/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1irAs0tdZQ |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2012, she again performed for the ''[[Zee Gold Awards|5th Boroplus Gold Awards]]'' along with Dhanjani. Later she made a special appearance in two shows ''[[Hitler Didi]]'' and ''[[Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke]]''.<ref name="Asha 20">{{cite web |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/high-end-drama-unfold-pavitra-rishta-hitler-didi-cross-over-episode |title=High end drama to unfold in Pavitra Rishta-Hitler Didi cross over episode |access-date=14 January 2013 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225041/http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/high-end-drama-unfold-pavitra-rishta-hitler-didi-cross-over-episode |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<ref name="Asha 21">{{cite web |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/rithvik-dhanjani-and-asha-negi-perform-gunjan-and-adityas-engagement-sapne-suhane |title=Rithvik Dhanjani and Asha Negi to perform in Gunjan and Aditya's engagement in Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke |access-date=29 April 2013 |archive-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911084609/http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/rithvik-dhanjani-and-asha-negi-perform-gunjan-and-adityas-engagement-sapne-suhane |url-status=live }}</ref> In the grand finale of ''[[Bigg Boss 6]]'', Negi made a special appearance and performed in the Bigg Boss house along with [[Rati Pandey]], [[Pooja Gaur]] and [[Rashami Desai]].<ref name="Asha 12">{{cite web |url=http://www.filmyboxoffice.com/video-play/asha-negi-and-rati-pandey-in-bigg-boss-6-press-conference__tnNKpE1q068.html |title=Rati Pandey and Asha Negi at Bigg Boss 6 Grand Finale |access-date=16 September 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815135951/http://www.filmyboxoffice.com/video-play/asha-negi-and-rati-pandey-in-bigg-boss-6-press-conference__tnNKpE1q068.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Later she performed at [[Zee Rishtey Awards]] 2013. In 2014, Negi performed with Rithvik at the Star Parivaar Awards 2014. Negi also did photo shoots for a television calendar in 2014 and 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/asha-negi-tina-dutta-sukriti-kandpal-shoot-for-telly-calendar-2014/ |title=Asha Negi, Tina Dutta, Sukriti Kandpal shoot for Telly Calendar 2014 |access-date=3 January 2014 |archive-date=3 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103230626/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/asha-negi-tina-dutta-sukriti-kandpal-shoot-for-telly-calendar-2014/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, she made a guest appearance on [[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)]] with [[Sargun Mehta]].<ref name="Asha 22">{{cite web |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/ravi-dubeys-wife-sargun-mehta-perform-zee-tvs-jamai-raja-asha-negi-too-roped-141017 |title=Ravi Dubey's wife Sargun Mehta to perform for Zee TV's Jamai Raja; Asha Negi too roped in |access-date=17 October 2014 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020065833/http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/ravi-dubeys-wife-sargun-mehta-perform-zee-tvs-jamai-raja-asha-negi-too-roped-141017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later she made another appearance in ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' in 2015.<ref name="Asha 24">{{cite web |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/rithvik-dhanjani-and-asha-negi-to-be-seen-together-in-kumkum-bhagya-shriti-jhan-shabbir-ahluwalia/1/458091.html |title=Rithvik Dhanjani & Asha Negi to be seen together in Kumkum Bhagya |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-date=15 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315181132/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/rithvik-dhanjani-and-asha-negi-to-be-seen-together-in-kumkum-bhagya-shriti-jhan-shabbir-ahluwalia/1/458091.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable" <br />
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Director !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''[[Ludo (film)|Ludo]]'' || Asha || [[Anurag Basu]] || Film debut<br />
|-<br />
| 2021 || ''[[Collar Bomb (2021 film)|Collar Bomb]]'' || ASI Sumitra Joshi || Dnyanesh Zoting ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 June 2021|title=Jimmy Sheirgill''s crime thriller film ''Collar Bomb'' to premiere on Disney + Hotstar in July|work=Outlook India|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/jimmy-sheirgills-crime-thriller-film-collar-bomb-to-premiere-on-disney--hotstar-in-july/2108814|access-date=25 June 2021}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable" <br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Name <br />
! Role <br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref(s)<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 <br />
| ''[[Sapnon Se Bhare Naina]]''<br />
| Madhura <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2011 <br />
| ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''<br />
| Apeksha Malhotra <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2011–14 <br />
| ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''<br />
| Purvi Arjun Kirloskar/ Purvi Onir Dutt (née Deshmukh)<br />
| Lead role<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 2012 <br />
| ''[[Shubh Vivah]]'' <br />
| Seethalakshmi Bai <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Punar Vivah]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" | Guest (as Purvi)<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hitler Didi]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]''<br />
| Guest <br />
| Special appearance in the finale<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2013 <br />
|''[[Qubool Hai]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" | Guest (as Purvi)<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dance India Dance Super Moms]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2013–14 <br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 6|Nach Baliye 6]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
| Winner with [[Rithvik Dhanjani]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="Asha 13" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2014 <br />
| ''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan (TV series)|Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]''<br />
| Suhana Deewan/ Kalpana Raghav Singhania<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2014–2015 <br />
| ''[[Box Cricket League#Team Members: Season 1|Box Cricket League 1]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" | Contestant <br />
| Player in Delhi Dragons<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" |2015<br />
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 6]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''Killerr Karaoke Atka Toh Latkah''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Opposite with [[Rithvik Dhanjani]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Ashas-love-story-recreated-on-TV/articleshow/46324122.cms |title=Rithvik-Asha's love story recreated on TV |newspaper=The Times of India |date=22 February 2015 |access-date=22 February 2015 |archive-date=25 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225073330/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Ashas-love-story-recreated-on-TV/articleshow/46324122.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Code Red (Indian TV series)|Code Rode]]''<br />
| Saraswati <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''<br />
| Purvi<br />
| Guest star<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 7|Nach Baliye 7]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Herself <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nadaniyaan]]''<br />
| Special appearance <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Indian Idol Junior]]''<br />
| Co-host <br />
| Season 2<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aaj Ki Raat Hai Zindagi]]''<br />
| Contestant <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dance Plus (season 1)|Dance Plus 1]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
| To Promote [[Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2015–16 <br />
| ''[[Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan]]''<br />
| Koyal Maadhavan <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2015<br />
| ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" | Guest (as Koyal Ghosh)<br />
| rowspan="3" |Special appearance <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2016 <br />
| ''[[Box Cricket League#Team members: Season 2|Box Cricket League 2]]''<br />
| Contestant <br />
|Player in Kolkata Baabu Moshayes<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''<br />
| rowspan="4" | Guest<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights Live]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2017 <br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Bigg Boss 11]]''<br />
| To promote [[Entertainment Ki Raat]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer 2]]''<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Lip Sing Battle]]''<br />
|rowspan="2" | Contestant <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/ravi-dubey-sargun-mehta-rithvik-dhanjani-asha-negi-farah-khans-lip-sing-battle-389389 |title=Ravi Dubey-Sargun Mehta, Rithvik Dhanjani-Asha Negi on Farah Khan's Lip Sing Battle |date=18 October 2017 |access-date=19 March 2018 |archive-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911084549/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/ravi-dubey-sargun-mehta-rithvik-dhanjani-asha-negi-farah-khans-lip-sing-battle-389389 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Entertainment Ki Raat]]''<br />
| Various characters<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2018 <br />
| ''[[Kaleerein]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[India's Next Superstars]]''<br />
| Guest <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ladies vs Gentlemen]]<br />
|Panelist<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Web series===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" <br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Name !! Role !! Platform !! Ref(s)<br />
|-<br />
|2019-2020<br />
|''[[Baarish (web series)|Baarish]]'' <br />
|Gauravi Karmakar/ Gauravi Mehta||[[ALTBalaji]]||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2020<br />
|''[[Abhay (TV series)|Abhay 2]]'' <br />
|Sonam Khanna (News Reporter); Abhay Pratap Singh's wife ||[[ZEE5]]||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/asha-negi-on-abhay-2-people-are-accepting-me-in-this-character-other-than-what-i-have-played-before/22997200|title=Asha Negi on Abhay 2: People are accepting me in this character other than what I have played before|website=Mid Day|date=18 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006012855/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/asha-negi-on-abhay-2-people-are-accepting-me-in-this-character-other-than-what-i-have-played-before/22997200|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Love Ka Panga<br />
| Neha Sharma <br />
| Abuzs original<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
| Khwabon Ke Parindey<br />
|<br />
| [[Voot]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{imdb name|4898167}}<br />
* {{Instagram|ashanegi}}<br />
<br />
{{Nach Baliye}}<br />
{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Negi, Asha}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Dehradun]]<br />
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Nach Baliye winners]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:1989 births]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raashi_Khanna&diff=138427Raashi Khanna2021-08-17T16:36:01Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Indian actress, and model (born 1990)}} {{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Infobox p..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress, and model (born 1990)}}<br />
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Raashi Khanna<br />
| image = Raashi Khanna at the Big C launch, Hyderabad (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Khanna in 2017<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|11|30}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India<br />
| alma_mater = [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]] <br />(B.A. English (Hons.)<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer}}<br />
| years_active = 2013–present<br />
}}<br />
'''Raashi Khanna''' (born 30 November 1990) is an Indian actress and singer who predominantly works in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language film industries. She made her acting debut in a supporting role with the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Madras Cafe]]'' (2013) and subsequently made her debut as a female lead in Telugu with ''[[Oohalu Gusagusalade]]'' (2014), in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] with ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]'' (2018) and in [[Malayalam]] with ''[[Villain (2017 film)|Villain]]'' (2017).<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/interview-rashikhanna.html "Rashi about Oohalu Gusagusalade"]. Idle Brain. Retrieved 27 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Language-no-barrier-for-Rashi-Khanna/articleshow/24487696.cms "'Language is not a barrier', says Rashi"]. ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 27 July 2014.</ref><br />
<br />
She appeared in many commercially successful films like ''[[Bengal Tiger (2015 film)|Bengal Tiger]]'' (2015), ''[[Supreme (Telugu film)|Supreme]]'' (2016), ''[[Jai Lava Kusa]]'' (2017), ''[[Tholi Prema (2018 film)|Tholi Prema]]'' (2018), ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]'' (2018), ''[[Venky Mama]]'' (2019), ''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]'' (2019) and established herself as one of the leading actresses in Telugu and Tamil cinema.<br />
<br />
Khanna made her debut as a singer with the film ''[[Joru]]'' (2014) and also sang for films ''[[Villain (2017 film)|Villain]]'' (2017), ''[[Balakrishnudu]]'' (2017), ''[[Jawaan]]'' (2017), ''Oorantha Anukuntunnaru'' (2019) and ''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]'' (2019).<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Khanna was born on 30 November 1990 and hails from [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Happy Birthday Raashi Khanna: Drool-worthy Photos of the Delhi Beauty that will leave you asking for more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-raashi-khanna-drool-worthy-photos-of-the-delhi-beauty-that-will-leave-you-asking-for-more/photostory/72294770.cms |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=30 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Konchem Touchlo Vunte Chepta - Episode 25 - March 21, 2015 - Full Episode - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Vl2UcWXUI0|access-date=6 January 2021|website=Youtube|quote=Subject talks about her year of birth 1990 from 01:26 to 01:32}}</ref> She did her schooling at [[St. Mark's Senior Secondary Public School]], [[Delhi]] and completed her graduation in B.A. English (Hons.) at [[Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Rashi Khanna Exclusive Interview {{!}} NTV Entertainment|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZSosBubY40|language=en|access-date=13 June 2020|quote=Subject talks about her college from 16:05 to 16:13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Special Chit Chat With Raashi Khanna {{!}} Prathi Roju Pandage {{!}} Venky Mama {{!}} Sakshi TV - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAvVyOVD62I&app=desktop|access-date=13 August 2020|website=YouTube|quote=Subject talks about her English honours degree from 5:26 onwards}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to Khanna, she was an academic topper who was extremely studious, geek during her schooling and college days. When Khanna was young, she wanted to become a singer but as she grew up, she was more interested into studying and aspired to become an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]]. Khanna claims that she neither had interest in modelling nor thought of becoming an actress and it was her destiny that made her an actress. She was a copywriter for advertisements before she made her venture into acting in various advertisements prior to films.<ref>{{Citation|title=Rashi Khanna Exclusive Interview {{!}} NTV Entertainment|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZSosBubY40|language=en|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title='Oohalu Gusagusalade' Actress Rashi Khanna - HMTV Coffees & Movies|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEBd5za4SaU|language=en-US|access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
=== Debut and subsequent rise in Telugu cinema (2013–2015) ===<br />
Khanna made her debut with the 2013 Hindi [[political film|political]] [[spy film|spy thriller]] film ''[[Madras Cafe]]'' directed by [[Shoojit Sircar]], where she played the role of ''Ruby Singh'', the wife of an Indian intelligence officer portrayed by [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], who was also the producer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Raashi-Khanna-to-debut-in-Bollywood-with-Madras-Cafe/articleshow/21163887.cms|title=Raashi Khanna to debut in Bollywood with 'Madras Cafe'|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 July 2013|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101032/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Raashi-Khanna-to-debut-in-Bollywood-with-Madras-Cafe/articleshow/21163887.cms|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> She had to undergo acting workshops before taking up the role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/14150-7.html|title='Madras Cafe' new stills: Meet Rashi Khanna, the new woman in John Abraham's life|publisher=IBN Live|date=20 July 2013|access-date=3 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101019/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/14150-7.html|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> The film—particularly the story and direction—impressed most Indian critics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/critics-review-madras-cafe-is-a-must-watch/article1-1111809.aspx|title=Critics review: Madras Cafe is a must watch|last=Kaushal|first=Sweta|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=23 August 2013|access-date=3 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101258/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/critics-review-madras-cafe-is-a-must-watch/article1-1111809.aspx|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> Reviewing the film, ''Saibal Chatterjee'' of [[NDTV]] stated that Khanna "makes an impact in a brief but significant appearance".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/madras-cafe-movie-review-862|title=Madras Cafe movie review|last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal|publisher=NDTV|date=22 August 2013|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101256/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/madras-cafe-movie-review-862|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> ''Madras Cafe'' was a box-office hit grossing more than {{INR}}100 [[crore]].<br />
<br />
==== Telugu debut ====<br />
Impressed with her performance in ''Madras Cafe'', actor [[Srinivas Avasarala]] approached her for the female lead role in his directorial debut ''[[Oohalu Gusagusalade]]'', which also featured himself and [[Naga Shaurya]] in the lead roles,<ref name="prabha rediff">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-raashi-khanna-i-am-destinys-child-south/20140618.htm|title=Raashi Khanna: I am destiny's child|last=Rajamani|first=Radhika|work=Rediff.com|date=18 June 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101254/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-raashi-khanna-i-am-destinys-child-south/20140618.htm|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> which she signed in late October 2013 after considering many other south films, adding that the scope of performing made her sign the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Language-no-barrier-for-Rashi-Khanna/articleshow/24487696.cms|title=Language no barrier for Rashi Khanna|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 October 2013|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101450/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Language-no-barrier-for-Rashi-Khanna/articleshow/24487696.cms|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> Khanna initially felt that it would be more of a dancing role with little scope for acting when approached for narration, but found her character practically in every scene in the film.<ref name="prabha rediff"/> She called her character ''Prabhavati'' as a grey, stubborn, arrogant girl but in a lovable way, which she claimed to be very different from what she was in real life except for the fact that she hails from Delhi.<ref name="prabha">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/I-dont-believe-in-love-at-first-sight-Raashi-Khanna/articleshow/36556122.cms|title=I don't believe in love at first sight: Raashi Khanna|last=Kumar|first=Hemanth|newspaper=The Times of India|date=14 June 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101022/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/I-dont-believe-in-love-at-first-sight-Raashi-Khanna/articleshow/36556122.cms|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref><br />
Khanna confirmed in early April 2014 that she appeared in a small role in the Telugu film ''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Raashi-Khanna-does-a-cameo-in-Manam/articleshow/33406347.cms|title=Raashi Khanna does a cameo in Manam|last=Kumar|first=Hemanth|newspaper=The Times of India|date=7 April 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101923/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Raashi-Khanna-does-a-cameo-in-Manam/articleshow/33406347.cms|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> which had its theatrical release before ''Oohalu Gusagusalade''.{{efn|''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]'' released on 23 May 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/manam-release-23-may-will-akkineni-multi-starrer-strike-gold-box-office-600708|title='Manam' Release on 23 May: Will Akkineni Multi Starrer Strike Gold at Box Office?|last=Seshagiri|first=Sangeetha|publisher=International Business Times India|date=21 May 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101921/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/manam-release-23-may-will-akkineni-multi-starrer-strike-gold-box-office-600708|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> while ''Oohalu Gusagusalade'' released on 20 June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Oohalu-Gusagusalaade-to-release-on-June-20/articleshow/36248946.cms|title=Oohalu Gusagusalaade to release on June 20|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 May 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303101920/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Oohalu-Gusagusalaade-to-release-on-June-20/articleshow/36248946.cms|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref>}} ''Oohalu Gusagusalade'' opened to positive reviews from critics and Khanna received praise for her work. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''The Hindu'' called her an "actor with potential",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/oohalu-gusagusalade-love-has-its-way/article6133549.ece|title=Oohalu Gusagusalade: Love has its way|last=Devi Dundoo|first=Sangeetha|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 June 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102109/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/oohalu-gusagusalade-love-has-its-way/article6133549.ece|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> while ''Hemanth Kumar'' of ''[[The Times of India]]'' stated that she gave a "commendable" performance which helped the movie to some extent.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Oohalu-Gusagusalade/movie-review/36898291.cms|title=Oohalu Gusagusalade Movie Review|last=Kumar|first=Hemanth|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 June 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Wka1WGiq?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Oohalu-Gusagusalade/movie-review/36898291.cms|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> The film was a commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/top-grossing-telugu-films-2014-allu-arjuns-race-gurram-ram-charans-yevadu-nags-manam-618519|title=Top Grossing Telugu Films of 2014: Allu Arjun's 'Race Gurram', Ram Charan's 'Yevadu', Nag's 'Manam' and Others|last=Seshagiri|first=Sangeetha|publisher=International Business Times India|date=28 December 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102106/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/top-grossing-telugu-films-2014-allu-arjuns-race-gurram-ram-charans-yevadu-nags-manam-618519|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref><br />
[[File:Raashi Khanna at First look launch of 'Madras Cafe'.jpg|left|thumb|Khanna at the First look launch of ''Madras Cafe'']]<br />
<br />
==== Rise through the ranks ====<br />
Her next Telugu film was ''[[Joru]]'', directed by Kumar Nagendra opposite [[Sundeep Kishan]], which she signed after ''Madras Cafe'' and while shooting for ''Oohalu Gusagusalade''. She played the role of ''Annapurna'', whom Khanna described as a "modern yet traditional" girl who "is highly emotional and cries at the drop of a hat", which she called the exact opposite of the character of Prabhavati she played in her previous film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/interview/joru-is-a-slapstick-comedy-south/20141106.htm|title=Joru is a slapstick comedy|last=Rajamani|first=Radhika|work=Rediff.com|date=6 November 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102105/http://www.rediff.com/movies/interview/joru-is-a-slapstick-comedy-south/20141106.htm|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''The Hindu'' stated that she provides solace along with Kishan, [[Brahmanandam]] and [[Saptagiri (Telugu actor)|Saptagiri]] in a film which was "let down by incoherent writing and amateurish execution".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/joru-slapstick-merry-go-round/article6574662.ece|title=Joru: Slapstick merry go round|last=Devi Dundoo|first=Sangeetha|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 November 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102406/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/joru-slapstick-merry-go-round/article6574662.ece|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> ''Joru'' was a commercial failure at the box office.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/newcomers-in-tollywood-this-year/article6748611.ece|title=The new brigade takes over|last=Devi Dundoo|first=Sangeetha|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 January 2015|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102403/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/newcomers-in-tollywood-this-year/article6748611.ece|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Khanna's next was ''[[Jil (film)|Jil]]'', directed by Radha Krishna Kumar opposite [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/a-complete-makeover-for-gopichand-in-jill/|title=A complete makeover for Gopichand in 'Jill'|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=2 February 2015|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102654/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/a-complete-makeover-for-gopichand-in-jill/|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> which she signed in early July 2014 after the makers approached her considering her performance in ''Oohalu Gusagusalade''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140706/entertainment-tollywood/article/rashi-khanna-star-opposite-gopichand|title=Rashi Khanna to star opposite Gopichand|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=6 July 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102652/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140706/entertainment-tollywood/article/rashi-khanna-star-opposite-gopichand|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from the critics.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=26 April 2016 |title=Jil Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Jil/movie-review/46715468.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> In early May 2015, she was signed for the film ''[[Shivam (Telugu film)|Shivam]]'' alongside [[Ram Pothineni]]. The film received negative reviews from the critics and performed poorly at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|title = 'Shivam' movie review roundup: Ram-Raashi Khanna starrer fails to impress critics|url = http://www.ibtimes.co.in/shivam-movie-review-roundup-ram-raashi-khanna-starrer-fails-impress-critics-649239|website = International Business Times|date = 5 October 2015|access-date = 10 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Success and further venture into other languages (2015–present) ===<br />
Her next release was ''[[Bengal Tiger (2015 film)|Bengal Tiger]]'' opposite [[Ravi Teja]] directed by [[Sampath Nandi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Im-playing-lead-opposite-Ravi-Teja-Raashi/articleshow/45631746.cms|title=I'm playing lead opposite Ravi Teja: Raashi|last=Kumar|first=Hemanth|newspaper=The Times of India|date=25 December 2014|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102658/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Im-playing-lead-opposite-Ravi-Teja-Raashi/articleshow/45631746.cms|archive-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> The film opened to mixed reviews but was commercially successful at the box office. It grossed {{INRConvert|405|m}} globally and became the 8th highest grossing Telugu film of 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-kumari-21f-top-20-highest-grossing-telugu-tollywood-movies-2015-662060|title=Baahubali to Kumari 21F: Top 20 highest-grossing Telugu/Tollywood movies of 2015|last=H. Hooli|first=Shekhar|work=International Business Times India|date=5 January 2016|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105145832/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-kumari-21f-top-20-highest-grossing-telugu-tollywood-movies-2015-662060|archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2016, her first release was ''[[Supreme (Telugu film)|Supreme]]'', in which she starred alongside [[Sai Dharam Tej]], and was a commercial success,<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Supreme' 18-day box office collection: Anil Ravipudi's film becomes biggest earner for Sai Dharam Tej | last = Hooli | first = Shekhar H | work = International Business Times, India Edition | date = 25 May 2016 | access-date = 8 August 2016 | url = http://www.ibtimes.co.in/supreme-18-day-box-office-collection-anil-ravipudis-film-becomes-biggest-earner-sai-dharam-tej-680060#CUJuJVEm5FJ8Gokr.97}}</ref> with critics praising her comic-timing in her performance as ''Bellam Sridevi'', a cop who gets into hilarious situations.<ref>{{Citation|title=Supreme Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Supreme by Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/supreme/movie-review/52120051.cms|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref><br />
Her next release was ''[[Hyper (2016 film)|Hyper]]'', opposite [[Ram Pothineni]] for the second time which opened to mixed reviews and was an average grosser at the box office.<ref name="thehansindia1">[http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-09-19/Varun-Tejs-Toli-Prema-in-London/327599 Varun Tej's Toli Prema in London]. Thehansindia.com (19 September 2017). Retrieved 13 October 2017.</ref><br />
[[File:Raashi khanna speaking at Srinivasa kalyanam movie launch2.png|thumb|241x241px|Khanna in 2018]]<br />
In 2017, her first release was ''[[Jai Lava Kusa]]'', opposite [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] which opened to positive reviews and became a box office super-hit grossing more than {{INR}}100 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jai Lava Kusa Box Office Collection: Junior NTR's Film Is At 100 Crore And Counting On Day 6|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jai-lava-kusa-box-office-collection-junior-ntrs-film-is-at-100-crore-and-counting-on-day-6-1756273|access-date=29 June 2020|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Later she made her [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] debut with ''[[Villain (2017 film)|Villain]]'', starring [[Mohanlal]] and [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], directed by [[B. Unnikrishnan]] where she essayed a cop in the movie. The movie opened to positive reviews with critics praising her performance as a tough, investigating cop and the movie had a good run at box-office.<ref name="newindianexpress1">[http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/feb/13/manju-warrier-and-rashi-khanna-opposite-mohanlal-1570301.html Manju Warrier and Rashi Khanna opposite Mohanlal]. ''The New Indian Express''. Retrieved 13 October 2017.</ref> Her last release of 2017 was ''[[Oxygen (2016 film)|Oxygen]]'', marking her second collaboration with [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], opening to mixed reviews and the movie went on to be an average grosser at the box office.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gopichands-oxygen-to-hit-screens-this-diwali/articleshow/60278732.cms Oxygen: Gopichand's ‘Oxygen’ to hit screens this Diwali | Telugu Movie News – ''The Times of India'']. ''The Times of India''. (29 August 2017). Retrieved 13 October 2017.</ref> In 2018, her first release was ''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]'', marking her second collaboration with [[Ravi Teja]]. Though the movie went on a huge hype pre-release, it later opened from mixed to negative reviews and was unsuccessful at the box office. Within a span of a week, her next release was ''[[Toli Prema (2018 film)|Tholi Prema]]'' opposite [[Varun Tej]], which opened to widespread acclaim from critics and audience alike, with critics praising her performance as ''Varsha'' as her best ever performance, and also applauded the chemistry between the lead pair.<ref>[http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/tholiprema.html Tholi Prema review by jeevi – Telugu cinema review – Varun Tej and Raashi Khanna]. Idlebrain.com (10 February 2018). Retrieved 3 November 2018.</ref> Her next release was ''[[Srinivasa Kalyanam (2018 film)|Srinivasa Kalyanam]]'', opposite [[Nithin|Nithiin]], directed by National Award winner [[Satish Vegesna]] which opened to mixed reviews but the chemistry between the lead pair was appreciated. Her next release was a multi-starrer ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]'', marking her debut in Tamil cinema opening to highly positive reviews with critics praising her performance as a girl-next-door character and was commercially successful at box office. Her next release in Tamil was ''[[Adanga Maru]]'', opposite [[Jayam Ravi]].<ref name="thehansindia1"/> which generally received positive reviews.<br />
<br />
In 2019, Her first release was ''[[Ayogya (2019 film)|Ayogya]]'' opposite [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], which was an official remake of the 2015 Telugu hit, ''[[Temper (film)|Temper]]'' which received generally positive reviews from audience and critics. Her next release was ''[[Sangathamizhan]]'' opposite [[Vijay Sethupathi]] which opened to mixed reviews but Khanna received praise for her performance.<br />
In December 2019, She had two releases, ''[[Venky Mama]]'' opposite [[Naga Chaitanya]] and [[Venkatesh Daggubati]] which received mixed reviews and ''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]'' marking her second collaboration with [[Sai Dharam Tej]], which received generally positive reviews with critics praising her comic-timing in her performance as ''"Angel" Aarna'', a highly self-obsessed girl from the village town, Rajahmundry.<ref>{{Citation|title=Prati Roju Pandage Review {2.5/5}: Predictable but saved by good performances|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/pratiroju-pandaage/movie-review/72898385.cms|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> Both the films were commercially successful at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prati Roju Pandage Box Office Collection: Sai Dharam Tej and Raashi Khanna starrer continues strong run {{!}} PINKVILLA|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/prati-roju-pandage-box-office-collection-sai-dharam-tej-and-raashi-khanna-starrer-continues-strong-run-498070|access-date=12 June 2020|website=www.pinkvilla.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Venky Mama' Box-Office: Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya starrer turns into a profitable venture |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/venky-mama-box-office-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanya-starrer-turns-into-a-profitable-venture/articleshow/72992448.cms |access-date=1 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=27 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Her only release in 2020 was ''[[World Famous Lover]]'' opposite [[Vijay Deverakonda]].<br />
<br />
{{As of|2021|07}}, Khanna has finished shooting for her upcoming Tamil films ''[[Aranmanai 3]]'' alongside [[Arya (actor)|Arya]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aranmanai 3: Raashi Khanna shares BTS photos from the sets of Sundar C's directorial; Check it out {{!}} PINKVILLA|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/aranmanai-3-raashi-khanna-shares-bts-photos-sets-sundar-cs-directorial-check-it-out-511250|access-date=8 July 2020|website=www.pinkvilla.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Raashi Khanna resumes shoot for Aranmanai 3, shares pic from sets|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/raashi-khanna-resumes-shoot-for-aranmanai-3-shares-pic-from-sets/story-aBhKBrnXof2bdBDNgvUyxM.html|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Tughlaq Durbar]]'' opposite [[Vijay Sethupathi]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aditi Rao Hydari explains 'Tughlaq Darbar' opt-out; happily passes baton to Rashi Khanna|url=https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/regional-indian-cinema/aditi-rao-hydari-explains-tughlaq-darbar-opt-out-happily-passes-baton.html|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Republic World}}</ref> and for the Malayalam film ''[[Bhramam]]'' opposite [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=25 January 2021|title=Rashi Khanna in 'Andhadhun' Malayalam remake|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/rashi-khanna-in-andhadhun-malayalam-remake-668541|access-date=27 January 2021|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 2021|title=Prithviraj to begin shoot for Malayalam remake of Andhadhun from Jan 27: report|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/prithviraj-to-begin-shoot-for-malayalam-remake-of-andhadhun-from-jan-27-report-101611139397772.html|access-date=27 January 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> She is currently shooting for her Telugu films ''[[Pakka Commercial]]'' opposite [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]],<ref name="Pakka Commercial">{{Cite news|title=Raashi Khanna turns TV serial actor for Pakka Commercial|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2021/mar/10/raashi-khanna-turns-tv-serial-actor-for-pakka-commercial-2274480.html|access-date=13 March 2021|work=The New Indian Express|date=10 March 2021}}</ref> ''[[Thank You (2021 film)|Thank You]]'' opposite [[Naga Chaitanya]] and a Tamil film ''Methavi'' opposite [[Jiiva]].<ref name=":1" /> Khanna has signed on to appear in Tamil films ''[[Sardar (upcoming film)|Sardar]]'' starring [[Karthi]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=24 April 2021|title=First look of Karthi and Raashi Khanna's Sardar out|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-karthi-and-raashi-khannas-sardar-out/amp_articleshow/82241004.cms|website=Times of India|access-date=24 April 2021}}</ref> and ''Thiruchitrambalam'' starring [[Dhanush]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=5 August 2021|title=Dhanush's next film titled 'Thiruchitrambalam', goes on floors|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/aug/05/dhanushs-next-film-titled-thiruchitrambalam-goes-on-floors-2340654.html|access-date=5 August 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Khanna is making her digital debut with an untitled web series directed by [[Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.]] of ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]'' fame, alongside [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Vijay Sethupathi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid Kapoor hides behind Raashi Khanna as he welcomes her to Raj & DK's series; She responds with a query |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-hides-behind-raashi-khanna-he-welcomes-her-raj-dk-s-series-she-responds-query-600296|access-date=27 January 2021|website=PINKVILLA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 February 2021|title=Raj & DK's New Amazon Show: Bigger Than Mirzapur, The Family Man?|url=https://www.binged.com/news/raj-dks-new-amazon-show-bigger-than-mirzapur-the-family-man/|access-date=9 February 2021|website=Binged|language=en-US}}</ref> She is also confirmed in the cast of web series ''Rudra: The Edge of Darkness,'' alongside [[Ajay Devgn]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=100010509524078|date=2021-07-26|title=Raashii Khanna, Atul Kulkarni join cast of 'Rudra: The Edge of Darkness'|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2021/07/26230156/1308719/Raashii-Khanna-Atul-Kulkarni-join-cast-of-Rudra-The-.vpf|access-date=2021-07-26|website=dtNext.in|language=en}}</ref>''<br />
<br />
She is due with the release of ''Shaitan Ka Bachcha'' opposite [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 September 2016|title=Raashi Khanna's Kollywood debut|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/230916/raashi-khannas-kollywood-debut.html|access-date=23 October 2020|work=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
|style="background:#FFFFCC;"|{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|+List of films and roles<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role(s)<br />
! scope="col" | Language(s)<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Madras Cafe]]''<br />
| Ruby Singh<br />
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
|Career debut,<br>Hindi debut<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2014<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]''<br />
| Prema<br />
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
|Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Oohalu Gusagusalade]]''<br />
| Sri Sai Sirisha Prabhavati <br />
|Telugu<br />
|Telugu debut (First lead role)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Joru]]''<br />
| Annapoorna<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2015<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Jil (film)|Jil]]''<br />
| Savithri<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Shivam (2015 Telugu film)|Shivam]]''<br />
| Tanu<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Bengal Tiger (2015 film)|Bengal Tiger]]''<br />
| Shraddha<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2016<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Supreme (film)|Supreme]]''<br />
| Bellam Sridevi<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Hyper (2016 film)|Hyper]]''<br />
| Bhanumathi<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2017<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Jai Lava Kusa]]''<br />
| Priya<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Raja the Great]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
|Telugu<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Tummeda"<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Raja The Great Video Songs {{!}} Tummeda Tummeda Video Song {{!}} Ravi Teja {{!}} Raashi Khanna {{!}} Mehreen|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22uieR9CfQA|language=en|access-date=2021-07-24}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Villain (2017 film)|Villain]]''<br />
| Harshitha Chopra<br />
| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]<br />
|Malayalam debut<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Oxygen (2017 film)|Oxygen]]''<br />
| Shruti<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2018<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]''<br />
| Pushpa<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Tholi Prema (2018 film)|Tholi Prema]]''<br />
| Varsha<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Srinivasa Kalyanam (2018 film)|Srinivasa Kalyanam]]''<br />
| Rudraraju Sridevi a.k.a. Sri<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]''<br />
| Krithika "Krithi" Rao<br />
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
|Tamil debut<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Adanga Maru]]''<br />
| Anitha<br />
|Tamil<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2019<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Ayogya (2019 film)|Ayogya]]''<br />
| Sindhu<br />
|Tamil<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Sangathamizhan]]''<br />
| Kamalini<br />
|Tamil<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Venky Mama]]''<br />
| Harika<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]''<br />
| "Angel" Aarna<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[World Famous Lover]]''<br />
| Yamini<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2021<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[Aranmanai 3]]'' {{Dagger|alt=Films that hadn't released}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Completed<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Good news! 'Aranmanai 3' all set to release this Summer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/good-news-aranmanai-3-all-set-to-release-this-summer/articleshow/81445604.cms|access-date=12 March 2021|work=The Times of India|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[Tughlaq Durbar]]''{{Dagger|alt=Films that hadn't released}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Completed<br />
|<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|title= Vijay Sethupathi and Raashi Khanna's Tughlaq Durbar completes shooting|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-and-raashi-khannas-tughlaq-durbar-completes-shooting/amp_articleshow/80150822.cms|access-date=21 April 2021|work=Times of India|date=7 January 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[Bhramam (2021 film)|Bhramam]]'' {{Dagger|alt=Films that hadn't released}}<br />
| {{TBA}}<br />
|Malayalam<br />
|Post-production<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Soman|date=7 March 2021|title=Prithviraj gives a glimpse into 'Bhramam,' as the film wraps up|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/prithviraj-gives-a-glimpse-into-bhramam-as-the-film-wraps-up/amp_articleshow/81375049.cms|access-date=23 April 2021|website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[Pakka Commercial]]'' {{Dagger|alt=Films that hadn't released}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Telugu<br />
|Filming<br />
|<ref name="Pakka Commercial" /><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[Thank You (2021 film)|Thank You]]'' {{Dagger|alt=Films that hadn't released}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Telugu<br />
|Filming<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Adivi|first=Sashidhar|date=4 April 2021|title=Raashii Khanna and Naga Chaitanya team up|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/040421/raashii-khanna-and-naga-chaitanya-team-up.html|access-date=7 April 2021|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2022<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[Sardar (upcoming film)|Sardar]]'' {{Dagger|alt=Films that hadn't released}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Filming<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Simran, Raashi Khanna, and Rajisha Vijayan on board for Karthi's 'Sardar'!|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/simran-raashi-khanna-and-rajisha-vijayan-on-board-for-karthis-sardar-news-tamil-ve0eMIfbbefhe.html|access-date=2021-05-15|website=Sify|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Thiruchitrambalam''{{Dagger}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Filming<br />
|<ref name=":2" /><br />
|- 2022<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Methavi'' {{Dagger|alt=Films that hadn't released}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Filming<br />
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Methavi: Arjun, Jiiva and Raashi Khanna join hands for Pa Vijay's horror-thriller|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/methavi-arjun-jiiva-and-raashi-khanna-join-hands-for-pa-vijay-s-horror-thriller-1678647-2020-05-16|access-date=2021-05-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[Shaitan Ka Bachcha]]'' {{Dagger|alt=Films that hadn't released}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Delayed<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Web series ===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders <!--sortable-->"<br />
<br />
|+List of web series and roles<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;"|Untitled web series with [[Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.|Raj & D.K.]]{{Dagger|alt=Web series that have not yet been released}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|Filming<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|first=A. |last=Kameshwari |date=25 January 2021|title=Shahid Kapoor and Raashi Khanna to star in Raj and DK's next|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-and-raashi-khanna-to-star-in-raj-and-dk-next-7160828/|access-date=25 January 2021|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<!--Do not include future projects unless there is a reliable source which confirms that filming has begun. See [[WP:CRYSTAL]].--><br />
<!--Works without a valid source will be deleted from the filmography.--><br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+List of films and songs<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Film<br />
! scope="col" | Song<br />
! scope="col" | Music director<br />
! scope="col" | Language<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || ''[[Joru]]'' || "Joru" || [[Bheems Ceciroleo]] ||Telugu || rowspan="2" |Theme song<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2017 || ''[[Villain (2017 film)|Villain]]'' || "Villain Theme" ||[[4 Musics]]|| Malayalam<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Balakrishnudu]]''||"Raashi Thariraa"||[[Mani Sharma]] ||Telugu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jawaan (film)|Jawaan]]'' || "Bangaru" ||[[S. Thaman]] <br />
|Telugu||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2019<br />
|''Oorantha Anukuntunnaru''<br />
|"Kanna"<br />
|[[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]<br />
|Telugu<br />
|Reprise version<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]''|| "You Are My High"<br />
|[[S. Thaman]]<br />
|Telugu<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+List of awards and nominations<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Language(s)<br />
! Film(s)<br />
! Result<br />
!Ref<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2014<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]<br />
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Female Debut|Best Debut Actress]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Hindi]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Madras Cafe]]''<br />
|{{Nom|color=}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|last1=January 16|first1=India Today Online|last2=January 16|first2=2014UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2014 16:40|title=9th Renault Star Guild Awards releases list of nominees|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/9th-edition-renault-star-guild-awards-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-shah-rukh-khan-bollywood-177126-2014-01-16|access-date=2021-05-31|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in Supporting Role]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2015<br />
| [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut (Telugu)|Best Female Debut (Telugu)]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Oohalu Gusagusalade]]''<br />
|{{Won|color=PaleGreen}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=IBTimes|date=2015-08-11|title=SIIMA Awards 2015: 'Manam' Tops Telugu Winners List, Beating 'Race Gurram', '1: Nenokkadine'|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2015-manam-tops-telugu-winners-list-beating-race-gurram-1-nenokkadine-642543|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[CineMAA Awards]]<br />
| Best Female Debut<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-17|title=CineMAAAwards2015: Highlights, Pictures and Winners List|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/cinemaa-awards-2015-highlights-rakul-preet-singh-dharam-tej-rashi-khanna-allu-arjun-194612.html|access-date=2021-08-05|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|Zee Telugu Apsara Awards<br />
|Most Glamorous Diva of the Year<br />
|——— <br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=2016-03-15|title=Zee Apsara Awards 2016: Kajal Aggarwal, Regina Cassandra, Rashi Khanna, Lavanya walk pink carpet [PHOTOS]|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-apsara-awards-2016-kajal-aggarwal-regina-cassandra-rashi-khanna-lavanya-walk-pink-carpet-670731|access-date=2021-08-05|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|TSR TV9 National Film Awards<br />
|Best Actor (Female)<br />
|''[[Jai Lava Kusa]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Best Heroine 2017 award received by Rashi Khanna @ TSR-TV9 National Film Awards - TV9|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhw1OuWUE1g|language=en|access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
| [[Zee Cine Awards Telugu]]<br />
| Entertainer of the Year<br />
|''[[Tholi Prema (2018 film)|Tholi Prema]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-25|title=Tollywood's first and biggest Awards event of the Year on Zee Telugu|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/tollywoods-first-and-biggest-awards-event-of-the-year-on-zee-telugu-2173969.html|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
<!-- Per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only --><br />
* {{Facebook|Raashikhannaofficial}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|name=Rashi Khanna}}<br />
<br />
{{SIIMA Award for Best Female Débutante}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khanna, Raashi}}<br />
[[Category:1990 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from New Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Female models from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shweta_Tripathi&diff=138426Shweta Tripathi2021-08-17T16:32:39Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Short description|Indian actress (b. 1985)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}} {{Infobox person | name = Shweta Trip..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actress (b. 1985)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Shweta Tripathi Sharma<br />
| image = Shweta Tripathi at Critics' Choice Shorts & Series Awards 2019 (10).jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = Tripathi in 2019<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|07|06|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| yearsactive = 2009–present<br />
| known_for = ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)]]''<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Chaitanya Sharma |2018}}<br />
| education = [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Shweta Tripathi Sharma''' (born 6 July 1985) is an [[India]]n actress popularly known for the character of [[Mirzapur (TV series)|Golu Gupta]] in 2018, [[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]. She began her film career as a [[production assistant]] and [[assistant director|associate director]], but gained wider recognition and accolades for her acting performances in the [[Hindi film industry]] and [[web series]]. Notable films include ''[[Masaan]]'' (2015) and ''[[Haraamkhor]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shweta-tripathi-i-cant-be-an-arm-candy-in-films/|title=Shweta Tripathi: I can't be an arm candy in films|date=16 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2015/aug/03/All-I-Want-is-To-Touch-a-Chord-as-an-Actor-793944.html|title='All I Want is To Touch a Chord as an Actor'|date=3 August 2015|newspaper=The New Indian Express|first=Reema|last=Moudgil|access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shes-got-the-look-shweta-tripathi-haraamkhor-masaan-4473523/|title=Masaan, Haraamkhor and web-series The Trip, Shweta Tripathi is going strong|date=2017-01-15|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-06-01|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early and personal life ==<br />
Tripathi was born on 6 July 1985 in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="times">{{Cite web|title=Shweta Tripathi birthday: Here are some little known facts about the Masaan actress that might surprise you! {{!}} Entertainment News|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/photo-gallery/here-are-some-little-known-facts-about-masaan-actress-shweta-tripathi-that-might-surprise-you/449620|website=[[Times Now]]|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> Her father works for the [[Indian Administrative Service]] and her mother is a retired teacher. The family moved a lot due to her father's job; Tripathi spent her childhood in [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] and [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="times"/> She describes her time in Andaman as her happiest: "That’s when I discovered how much I like travelling and being outdoors. Every weekend used to be a picnic on a new island, and it was an enriching experience".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shweta Tripathi on Why being an actor comes to her as naturally as breathing|url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/shweta-tripathi-on-why-being-an-actor-came-to-her-as-naturally-as-breathing|date=16 August 2017|last=Shah|first=Zaral|website=Verve|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Tripathi moved back to New Delhi to pursue secondary education and attended the [[Delhi Public School, RK Puram]]. She then studied at [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] and graduated with a degree in Fashion Communication.<ref name="ie">{{Cite web|title=Masaan, Haraamkhor and web-series The Trip, Shweta Tripathi is going strong|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shes-got-the-look-shweta-tripathi-haraamkhor-masaan-4473523/|date=15 January 2017|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en-US|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
She has been married to actor and rapper, Chaitanya Sharma since June 29, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-01|title=Shweta Tripathi ties the knot with Chaitnya Sharma in Goa|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shweta-tripathi-chaitnya-sharma-wedding-photos-5239713/|access-date=2021-08-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career==<br />
Tripathi is mostly known for her role in ''[[Masaan]]''. She also played the role of [[Zenia Khan]], a tomboyish character, in the [[Disney India]] [[sitcom]] ''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]''.<ref name=":0">[http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20090403/1216700.html Disney channel launches summer offering ''Kya Mast Hai Life'', Webindiea123.com], retrieved 7 April 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/shweta-tripathi-on-tamil-debut-want-to-explore-as-much-as-i-can-4864288/|title=Shweta Tripathi on Tamil debut: Want to explore as much as I can|date=2017-09-27|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-06-01|language=en-US}}</ref> She has also appeared in advertisements for brands such as [[Tata Sky]], [[McDonald's]] and [[Vodafone]].She also appears in ads for [[Tata Sky]] download, [[McDonald's]], [[Tanishq]] and most recently [[Tata Tea]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ads of Shweta Tripathi {{!}} Tv Commercials of Shweta Tripathi|url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/celebrity/tvc/shweta-tripathi|website=www.indianfilmhistory.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> She was also a photo editor for the women's magazine, [[Femina (India)|Femina]]. Before her work on the sitcom ''Kya Mast Hai Life'', she worked at Pixion trailer house, a post-production house in Mumbai and also ran a theater company called All My Tea Productions.<br />
<br />
She was a part of ''The Trip'' on [[Bindass]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Revealed-First-look-of-Masaan-actress-Shweta-Tripathi-in-The-Trip/articleshow/55689001.cms|title=Revealed: First look of Masaan actress Shweta Tripathi in 'The Trip' - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-06-01}}</ref> and is making her Tamil debut with ''[[Mehandi Circus]]'' directed by Saravana Rajendran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/masaan-actress-shweta-tripathi-plays-circus-performer-in-her-tamil-debut-mehandi-circus-film-likely-to-release-in-september-4643991.html|title=Masaan actress Shweta Tripathi plays circus performer in her Tamil debut Mehandi Circus; film likely to release in September- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=2018-07-02|website=Firstpost|language=en|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref> She was also a part of the movie Zoo, India’s first feature length movie shot entirely on an iPhone.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shweta Tripathi excited about 'Zoo' - a film shot entirely on iPhone 6, premiere at Busan Festival|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/sep/12/shweta-tripathi-excited-about-zoo---a-film-shot-entirely-on-iphone-6-premiere-at-busan-festival-1656046.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref> Shweta later appeared in the web series ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]] as Golu Gupta''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/decoding-the-women-of-mirzapur-why-vashudha-golu-and-beena-stand-out-in-the-web-series-1398898-2018-11-29|title=Decoding the women of Mirzapur: Why Vashudha, Golu and Beena stand out in the web series|first1=Parmita Uniyal New|last1=DelhiNovember 29|first2=2018UPDATED|last2=November 29|first3=2018 17:07|last3=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref> in which her [[masturbation]] was praised for its frank portrayal of women's sexuality. The Series was on the Highest Rank<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/shweta-tripathi-shoots-a-masturbation-scene-for-amazon-prime-s-mirzapur-1392364-2018-11-20|title=Shweta Tripathi on masturbation scene for Mirzapur: It was like having coffee|first1=India Today Web Desk New|last1=DelhiNovember 20|first2=2018UPDATED|last2=November 20|first3=2018 13:40|last3=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref> Tripathi’s latest film ''[[Gone Kesh]]'' is her most ambitious wherein she plays an adolescent dancer who develops alopecia and loses her hair and her self-esteem.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/917095/shweta-tripathi-on-tackling-alopecia-in-gone-kesh-i-hope-the-concept-of-beauty-changes|website=scroll.in|title=Shweta Tripathi on tackling alopecia in 'Gone Kesh': 'I hope the concept of beauty changes'|access-date=25 March 2019|first=Sruthi|last=Ganapathy Raman|date=March 25, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
She is also admired for her role in [[TVF Tripling]] season 2 in 3rd episode as Begum Zainab. Her character is in love of old aged Nawab.<br />
<br />
She also did the season 2 of [[Laakhon Mein Ek]] in which she played the lead role of Dr. Shreya.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=MumbaiApril 5|first1=Indo-Asian News Service|last2=April 5|first2=2019UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2019 12:17|title=Laakhon Mein Ek: Shweta Tripathi took extensive workshops for Amazon Prime series|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/laakhon-mein-ek-shweta-tripathi-took-extensive-workshops-for-amazon-prime-series-1494672-2019-04-05|access-date=2021-04-06|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-19|title=Biswa Kalyan Rath: We wanted Shweta Tripathi in Laakhon Mein Ek from day one|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/biswa-kalyan-rath-laakhon-mein-ek-2-season-two-shweta-tripathi-5682551/|access-date=2021-04-06|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
<br />
===Films===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2011 || ''[[Trishna (2011 film)|Trishna]]''||Shweta||<br />
|-<br />
|2011||''Sujata''||Young Sujata|| Short film<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hqkwQD7pzZY|title=Sujata|publisher=Junglee Film Club|website=YouTube|date=25 September 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|2015|| ''[[Masaan]]'' || Shaalu Gupta || Won–[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Zee Cine Award for Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
|2016||''Love Shots'' || || Short film<br />
|-<br />
|2017||''[[Haraamkhor]]'' ||Sandhya||| <br />
|-<br />
|2018 ||''Beautiful World'' || || Short film<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''Zoo''<br />
|Misha<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2019 ||''[[Gone Kesh]]'' || Enakshi Dasgupta||<br />
|-<br />
|2019||''[[Mehandi Circus]]'' || Mehandi || Tamil film<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[The Illegal (film)|The Illegal]]'' || Mahi || English film<br />
|-<br />
|2020 || ''[[Raat Akeli Hai]]'' || Karuna Singh<br />
|Netflix film <br />
|-<br />
|2020||''[[Cargo (2019 film)|Cargo]]''|| Yuvishka Shekhar <br />
|Netflix film<br />
|-<br />
|2020||''Ticket To Bollywood''|| TBA ||| Pre production<br />
|-<br />
|2021 || ''[[Rashmi Rocket]]'' || Maya Bhasin ||<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 July 2021|title=Shweta Tripathi joins Taapsee Pannu's Rashmi Rocket|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shweta-tripathi-joins-taapsee-pannus-rashmi-rocket-7391335/|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortble"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Platform !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2009- 2010 ||''[[Kya Mast Hai Life]]'' || Zenia Khan || [[Disney Channel India]] ||A tomboy , energetic and a parallel lead <br />
|-<br />
| 2016-2018 ||''The Trip'' || Ananya || [[Bindass]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-trip-will-change-my-image-of-small-town-girl-shweta-tripathi-4423638/ |title=The Trip will change my image of small town girl: Shweta Tripathi |date=12 December 2016 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| 2018- 2020 ||''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]'' || Gajgamini "Golu" Gupta ||[[Amazon Prime Video]] ||,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/farhan-akhtar-unveils-first-look-of-web-series-mirzapur-starring-ali-fazal-and-shweta-tripathi-1885027 |title=Farhan Akhtar Unveils First Look Of Web-Series Mirzapur, Starring Ali Fazal And Shweta Tripathi |publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=December 6, 2018|last=Chaubey|first=Pranita}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/ali-fazal-shweta-tripathi-start-shoot-for-mirzapur-in-varanasi-117092900450_1.html |title=Ali Fazal, Shweta Tripathi start shoot for 'Mirzapur' in Varanasi |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=[[Business Standard]]|date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> [[web series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 ||''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven]]'' || Priyanka Mishra || [[Amazon Prime Video]] || Episode: "The Price of Love",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shweta-tripathi-joins-zoya-akhtar-s-web-series-made-in-heaven/story-5TUt3ybV6cSjtS9pvUvXrJ.html|title=Shweta Tripathi joins Zoya Akhtar's web-series, Made in Heaven |date=2017-09-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> [[web series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 ||''[[TVF Tripling]]'' || Begum Zainab || [[SonyLIV]] || Episode: "Kabootar Ja Ja"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/tvf-tripling-season-2-review-amol-parashar-sumeet-vyas-maanvi-gagroos-road-trip-goes-downhill-6392851.html|title=TVF Tripling season 2 review: Amol Parashar, Sumeet Vyas, Maanvi Gagroo's road trip goes downhill |date=5 April 2019 |publisher=[[First Post]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019 ||''[[Laakhon Mein Ek]]'' ||Dr. Shreya Pathare ||[[Amazon Prime Video]] || Season 2,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/laakhon-mein-ek-season-2-review-biswa-kalyan-rath-creates-a-dark-compelling-world-in-amazons-medical-drama-6427381.html|title=Laakhon Mein Ek season 2 review: Biswa Kalyan Rath creates a dark, compelling world in Amazon's medical drama- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=2019-04-12|website=Firstpost|language=en|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref> [[web series]]<br />
|-<br />
|2020 ||''[[The Gone Game]]'' ||Amara Gujral || [[Voot]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb person}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripathi, Shweta}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1985 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from New Delhi]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sriti_Jha&diff=138425Sriti Jha2021-08-17T16:17:23Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actress}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sriti Jha<br />
| image = Sriti Jha zt Zee-Rishtey-Awards 2018.jpg<br />
| caption = Sriti Jha<br />
| other_names = Pragya from [[Kumkum Bhagya]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|2|26|df=yes}}<ref name="Times of India Sriti Jha turns 31"/><br />
| birth_place = [[Begusarai, Bihar]], India<ref name="Times">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Didnt-leave-Saubhagyavati-Bhava-for-Balika-Vadhu-Sriti-Jha/articleshow/17852932.cms|title=Didn't leave Saubhagyavati Bhava for Balika Vadhu: Sriti Jha|work=The Times of India|access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref><br />
| nationality = [[India]]n<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]] in English from Sri Venkateshwara College, New Delhi<br />
| notable_works = ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| years_active = 2007–present<br />
| awards = {{ubl|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]] (2015) | [[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]] (2018) | [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|ITA Award for Best Actress in Drama series]] (2019)}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Sriti Jha''' (born 26 February 1986)<ref name="Times of India Sriti Jha turns 31">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kumkum-Bhagyas-Sriti-Jha-turns-31-here-are-6-times-the-actress-looked-completely-different-from-her-onscreen-image/photostory/57376718.cms|title=Kumkum Bhagya's Sriti Jha turns 31; here are 6 times the actress looked completely different from her onscreen image|date=27 February 2017|work=[[Times of India]]|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> is an Indian actress who appears in [[Indian soap opera]]s.<ref name="Times"/> She rose to prominence with her role as Pragya Arora in ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''. She won the [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]], [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|ITA Award for Best Actress in Drama series]] and [[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]] for Kumkum Bhagya.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Jha was born on 26 February 1986<ref name="Times of India Sriti Jha turns 31" /> in [[Begusarai]], [[Bihar]], India. She went to live with her family in [[Kolkata]], where they stayed for 10 years, then moved to [[Kathmandu, Nepal]]. They then moved to [[New Delhi]], where she continued her studies at [[Laxman Public School]].<ref name="factstoi">{{cite news |title=Kumkum Bhagya: 8 Lesser known facts about actress Sriti Jha aka Pragya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kumkum-bhagya-8-lesser-known-facts-about-actress-sriti-jha-aka-pragya/articleshow/60290111.cms |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> She completed her Bachelor of Arts degree in English at [[Sri Venkateswara College]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=What happens when you don't like sex? - Sriti Jha {{!}} Spoken Fest Mumbai'20 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDGTr9s0tsg |website=YouTube |access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kumkum Bhagya Actress Sriti Jha Recites a Beautiful Poem On 'I Am Asexual' at Spoken Fest Mumbai 2020 (Watch Video) |url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/kumkum-bhagya-actress-sriti-jha-recites-a-beautiful-poem-on-i-am-asexual-at-spoken-fest-mumbai-2020-watch-video-1629057.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |work=LatestLY |date=23 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2021, a video of Sriti Jha reciting her poem "Confessions Of An Asexual Romantic" during the 2020 Kommune India Spoken Fest,<ref>{{Citation|title=What happens when you don't like sex? - Sriti Jha {{!}} Spoken Fest Mumbai'20|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDGTr9s0tsg|language=en|access-date=2021-05-08}}</ref> took the internet by storm. In the poem, she had spoken about how the life of an asexual might be and how there is a lack of freedom in India when it comes to talking about one's sexuality. She has several poems under her name. Along with being an award-winning actress, she is also a critically acclaimed poet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sriti Jha Narrates What Being An Asexual Is Like|url=https://www.brut.media/in/entertainment/sriti-jha-narrates-what-being-an-asexual-is-like-b935d6bb-7588-4de8-8ebd-19441aafcc3d|access-date=2021-05-08|website=Brut.|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=MumbaiJanuary 14|first1=Grace Cyril|last2=January 14|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 16:46|title=Sriti Jha recites a poem on struggles of being an asexual romantic. Viral video|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sriti-jha-recites-a-poem-on-struggles-of-being-an-asexual-romantic-viral-video-1759060-2021-01-14|access-date=2021-05-08|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Jha made her debut in 2007 playing Malini Sharma in [[Disney Channel India|Disney India]]'s teen drama ''[[Dhoom Machaao Dhoom]]''.<ref name="toi1">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Ive-no-time-for-love-Sriti-Jha/articleshow/11602901.cms|title=I have no time for love: Sriti Jha|work=India Times|access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> She went on to be a part of ''[[Jiya Jale]]'' where she played Sunaina Kotak.<br />
Jha has also participated in the dance show ''[[Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan]]''.In 2009 she played Suhani in [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Shaurya Aur Suhani]].''She rose to prominence with ''[[Jyoti (TV series)|Jyoti]]'' on [[NDTV Imagine]] playing Sudha Sharma, a split personality patient. In 2011, she played Jhanvi, a victim of domestic violence in ''[[Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?]].''<ref name="factstoi" /> in 2012 She played Ganga in Colors Popular Show [[Balika Vadhu]]. <br />
<br />
She also starred as the main lead in [[Rakt Sambandh]] an Indian television series which aired on [[NDTV Imagine]] from 19 July 2010 to 1 April 2011 airing weekdays at 10 pm. <br />
<br />
Since 15 April 2014, Jha has played Pragya in [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' opposite [[Shabir Ahluwalia]] with [[Shikha Singh]] who was seen as Abhi's Sister and a rival for Pragya since she entered the house after marriage. Her portrayal won her the [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]].<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Show<br />
!Role<br />
|-<br />
| 2007–2008<br />
| ''[[Dhoom Machaao Dhoom]]''<br />
| Malini Sharma<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Jiya Jale]]''<br />
| Sunaina Kotak <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Kaho Na Yaar Hai]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Shaurya Aur Suhani]]''<br />
| Princess Suhani <br />
|-<br />
| 2009–2010<br />
| ''[[Jyoti (TV series)|Jyoti]]''<br />
| Sudha/Devika<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Rakt Sambandh]]''<br />
| Sandhya<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Nachle Ve]]''<br />
| Participant<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Meethi Choori Number One]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Rahul Dulhaniya Le Jayega]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| 2011–2013<br />
| ''[[Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?]]''<br />
| Jhanvi/Sia<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''[[Balika Vadhu]]''<br />
| Ganga<br />
|-<br />
| 2014–present<br />
| ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''<br />
| Pragya Abhishekh Mehra <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Guest (as Pragya)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2015<br />
| ''[[Tashan-e-Ishq]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 7]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bad Company]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]''<br />
| Narator<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Women Famepowerment Awards]]''<br />
| Host<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''<br />
| Pragya Abhishek Mehra <br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[A Table For Two]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''[[U-Turn(Short Film)]]''<br />
| Deepa<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Work<br />
! Result<br />
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2015<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role]]<br />
| rowspan="11" |''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''<br />
| {{won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]] for ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2015-karan-patel-sriti-jhan-kapil-sharma-winners/ | title=Kumkum Bhagya star Sriti won the lead actress award | publisher=Indian Express | access-date=5 December 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Jodi<br />
|{{won}} {{efn|name=Shabbir|Shared with [[Shabbir Ahluwalia]]}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Gold Awards]]<br />
| Face of the Year<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2018<br />
|[[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in Lead Role]]<br />
| {{Won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Shraddha Arya]] for ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/zee-gold-awards-2018-jennifer-winget-mouni-roy-hina-5225490/|title=Zee Gold Awards 2018: Jennifer Winget, Mouni Roy, Hina Khan, Ravi Dubey, Nakuul Mehta win big honours|date=20 June 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Onscreen Jodi<br />
|{{nom}} {{efn|name=Shabbir}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress (Drama)]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2019<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in Lead Role Female (Popular)]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list/|title=Indian Telly Awards 2019: Winners list|first=Raj|last=Baddhan|date=20 March 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Onscreen Couple|Best Onscreen Couple]]<br />
| {{nom}} {{efn|name=Shabbir}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gold Awards]]<br />
| [[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role (Popular)]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/gold-awards-2019-sunny-leone-mohit-raina-dia-mirza-kunal-kemmucheck-out-the-complete-nominations-list-1449184/|title=Gold Awards 2019: Check out the complete nominations list|date=25 July 2019|website=Bollywood Life}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/gold-awards-2019-winners-list/|title=Gold Awards 2019: Winners list|first=BizAsia|last=Correspondent|date=11 October 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress (Drama)]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/ita-awards-2019-winners-list-kundali-bhagya-shivangi-joshi-dheeraj-dhoopar-kapil-sharma-win-big-at-the-indian-television-academy-awards-in-indore-1328289.html|title=ITA Awards 2019 Winners List: Kundali Bhagya, Shivangi Joshi, Dheeraj Dhoopar, Kapil Sharma Win Big At The Indian Television Academy Awards In Indore &#124; 📺 LatestLY|website=LatestLY|date=11 November 2019}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Hindi television actresses]]<br />
* [[List of Indian television actresses]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Sriti Jha}}<br />
*{{IMDb name|4381753}}<br />
*{{Instagram|itisriti}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jha, Sriti}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]<br />
[[Category:1986 births]]<br />
[[Category:Actors from Mumbai]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sriti_Jha&diff=138424Sriti Jha2021-08-17T16:15:01Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Indian television actress}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = Sriti Jha |..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actress}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sriti Jha<br />
| image = Sriti Jha zt Zee-Rishtey-Awards 2018.jpg<br />
| caption = Sriti Jha<br />
| other_names = Pragya from [[Kumkum Bhagya]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|2|26|df=yes}}<ref name="Times of India Sriti Jha turns 31"/><br />
| birth_place = [[Begusarai, Bihar]], India<ref name="Times">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Didnt-leave-Saubhagyavati-Bhava-for-Balika-Vadhu-Sriti-Jha/articleshow/17852932.cms|title=Didn't leave Saubhagyavati Bhava for Balika Vadhu: Sriti Jha|work=The Times of India|access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref><br />
| nationality = [[India]]n<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]] in English from Sri Venkateshwara College, New Delhi<br />
| notable_works = ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| years_active = 2007–present<br />
| awards = {{ubl|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]] (2015) | [[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]] (2018) | [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|ITA Award for Best Actress in Drama series]] (2019)}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Sriti Jha''' (born 26 February 1986)<ref name="Times of India Sriti Jha turns 31">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kumkum-Bhagyas-Sriti-Jha-turns-31-here-are-6-times-the-actress-looked-completely-different-from-her-onscreen-image/photostory/57376718.cms|title=Kumkum Bhagya's Sriti Jha turns 31; here are 6 times the actress looked completely different from her onscreen image|date=27 February 2017|work=[[Times of India]]|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> is an Indian actress who appears in [[Indian soap opera]]s.<ref name="Times"/> She rose to prominence with her role as Pragya Arora in ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''. She won the [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]], [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|ITA Award for Best Actress in Drama series]] and [[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]] for Kumkum Bhagya.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Jha was born on 26 February 1986<ref name="Times of India Sriti Jha turns 31" /> in [[Begusarai]], [[Bihar]], India. She went to live with her family in [[Kolkata]], where they stayed for 10 years, then moved to [[Kathmandu, Nepal]]. They then moved to [[New Delhi]], where she continued her studies at [[Laxman Public School]].<ref name="factstoi">{{cite news |title=Kumkum Bhagya: 8 Lesser known facts about actress Sriti Jha aka Pragya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kumkum-bhagya-8-lesser-known-facts-about-actress-sriti-jha-aka-pragya/articleshow/60290111.cms |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> She completed her Bachelor of Arts degree in English at [[Sri Venkateswara College]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=What happens when you don't like sex? - Sriti Jha {{!}} Spoken Fest Mumbai'20 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDGTr9s0tsg |website=YouTube |access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kumkum Bhagya Actress Sriti Jha Recites a Beautiful Poem On 'I Am Asexual' at Spoken Fest Mumbai 2020 (Watch Video) |url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/kumkum-bhagya-actress-sriti-jha-recites-a-beautiful-poem-on-i-am-asexual-at-spoken-fest-mumbai-2020-watch-video-1629057.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |work=LatestLY |date=23 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2021, a video of Sriti Jha reciting her poem "Confessions Of An Asexual Romantic" during the 2020 Kommune India Spoken Fest,<ref>{{Citation|title=What happens when you don't like sex? - Sriti Jha {{!}} Spoken Fest Mumbai'20|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDGTr9s0tsg|language=en|access-date=2021-05-08}}</ref> took the internet by storm. In the poem, she had spoken about how the life of an asexual might be and how there is a lack of freedom in India when it comes to talking about one's sexuality. She has several poems under her name. Along with being an award-winning actress, she is also a critically acclaimed poet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sriti Jha Narrates What Being An Asexual Is Like|url=https://www.brut.media/in/entertainment/sriti-jha-narrates-what-being-an-asexual-is-like-b935d6bb-7588-4de8-8ebd-19441aafcc3d|access-date=2021-05-08|website=Brut.|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=MumbaiJanuary 14|first1=Grace Cyril|last2=January 14|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 16:46|title=Sriti Jha recites a poem on struggles of being an asexual romantic. Viral video|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sriti-jha-recites-a-poem-on-struggles-of-being-an-asexual-romantic-viral-video-1759060-2021-01-14|access-date=2021-05-08|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Jha made her debut in 2007 playing Malini Sharma in [[Disney Channel India|Disney India]]'s teen drama ''[[Dhoom Machaao Dhoom]]''.<ref name="toi1">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Ive-no-time-for-love-Sriti-Jha/articleshow/11602901.cms|title=I have no time for love: Sriti Jha|work=India Times|access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> She went on to be a part of ''[[Jiya Jale]]'' where she played Sunaina Kotak.<br />
Jha has also participated in the dance show ''[[Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan]]''.In 2009 she played Suhani in [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Shaurya Aur Suhani]].''She rose to prominence with ''[[Jyoti (TV series)|Jyoti]]'' on [[NDTV Imagine]] playing Sudha Sharma, a split personality patient. In 2011, she played Jhanvi, a victim of domestic violence in ''[[Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?]].''<ref name="factstoi" /> in 2012 She played Ganga in Colors Popular Show [[Balika Vadhu]]. <br />
<br />
She also starred as the main lead in [[Rakt Sambandh]] an Indian television series which aired on [[NDTV Imagine]] from 19 July 2010 to 1 April 2011 airing weekdays at 10 pm. <br />
<br />
Since 15 April 2014, Jha has played Pragya in [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' opposite [[Shabir Ahluwalia]] with [[Shikha Singh]] who was seen as Abhi's Sister and a rival for Pragya since she entered the house after marriage. Her portrayal won her the [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role]].<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Show<br />
!Role<br />
|-<br />
| 2007–2008<br />
| ''[[Dhoom Machaao Dhoom]]''<br />
| Malini Sharma<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Jiya Jale]]''<br />
| Sunaina Kotak <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Kaho Na Yaar Hai]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Shaurya Aur Suhani]]''<br />
| Princess Suhani <br />
|-<br />
| 2009–2010<br />
| ''[[Jyoti (TV series)|Jyoti]]''<br />
| Sudha/Devika<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Rakt Sambandh]]''<br />
| Sandhya<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Nachle Ve]]''<br />
| Participant<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Meethi Choori Number One]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Rahul Dulhaniya Le Jayega]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| 2011–2013<br />
| ''[[Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?]]''<br />
| Jhanvi/Sia<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''[[Balika Vadhu]]''<br />
| Ganga<br />
|-<br />
| 2014–present<br />
| ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''<br />
| Pragya Abhishekh Mehra <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Guest (as Pragya)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2015<br />
| ''[[Tashan-e-Ishq]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 7]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bad Company]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]''<br />
| Narator<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Women Famepowerment Awards]]''<br />
| Host<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''<br />
| Pragya Abhishek Mehra <br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[A Table For Two]]''<br />
| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''[[U-Turn(Short Film)]]''<br />
| Deepa<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Work<br />
! Result<br />
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2015<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role]]<br />
| rowspan="11" |''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''<br />
| {{won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]] for ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2015-karan-patel-sriti-jhan-kapil-sharma-winners/ | title=Kumkum Bhagya star Sriti won the lead actress award | publisher=Indian Express | access-date=5 December 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Jodi<br />
|{{won}} {{efn|name=Shabbir|Shared with [[Shabbir Ahluwalia]]}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Gold Awards]]<br />
| Face of the Year<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2018<br />
|[[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in Lead Role]]<br />
| {{Won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Shraddha Arya]] for ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/zee-gold-awards-2018-jennifer-winget-mouni-roy-hina-5225490/|title=Zee Gold Awards 2018: Jennifer Winget, Mouni Roy, Hina Khan, Ravi Dubey, Nakuul Mehta win big honours|date=20 June 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Onscreen Jodi<br />
|{{nom}} {{efn|name=Shabbir}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress (Drama)]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2019<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in Lead Role Female (Popular)]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list/|title=Indian Telly Awards 2019: Winners list|first=Raj|last=Baddhan|date=20 March 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Onscreen Couple|Best Onscreen Couple]]<br />
| {{nom}} {{efn|name=Shabbir}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gold Awards]]<br />
| [[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role (Popular)]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/gold-awards-2019-sunny-leone-mohit-raina-dia-mirza-kunal-kemmucheck-out-the-complete-nominations-list-1449184/|title=Gold Awards 2019: Check out the complete nominations list|date=25 July 2019|website=Bollywood Life}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/gold-awards-2019-winners-list/|title=Gold Awards 2019: Winners list|first=BizAsia|last=Correspondent|date=11 October 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress (Drama)]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/ita-awards-2019-winners-list-kundali-bhagya-shivangi-joshi-dheeraj-dhoopar-kapil-sharma-win-big-at-the-indian-television-academy-awards-in-indore-1328289.html|title=ITA Awards 2019 Winners List: Kundali Bhagya, Shivangi Joshi, Dheeraj Dhoopar, Kapil Sharma Win Big At The Indian Television Academy Awards In Indore &#124; 📺 LatestLY|website=LatestLY|date=11 November 2019}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Hindi television actresses]]<br />
* [[List of Indian television actresses]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
* {{notelist-la}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Sriti Jha}}<br />
*{{IMDb name|4381753}}<br />
*{{Instagram|itisriti}}<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes | title = Awards for Sriti Jha | list = {{Indian Telly Award Best Lead Actress}}<br />
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actress}}<br />
}} <br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jha, Sriti}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]<br />
[[Category:1986 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Darbhanga]]<br />
[[Category:Actors from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Asexual women]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niharika_Konidela&diff=138423Niharika Konidela2021-08-17T16:10:48Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Niharika Konidela | image = Niharika Konidela.png | caption = Konidela in 20..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Niharika Konidela<br />
| image = Niharika Konidela.png<br />
| caption = Konidela in 2018<br />
| birthname = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1993|12|18}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pics From Newlywed Actress Niharika Konidela's Birthday Are All Things Nice|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pics-from-newlywed-actress-niharika-konidelas-birthday-are-all-things-nice-2341212|access-date=2020-12-24|website=NDTV.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127020351/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pics-from-newlywed-actress-niharika-konidelas-birthday-are-all-things-nice-2341212|archive-date=27 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now [[Telangana]]), India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Film producer]]|[[actress]]}}<br />
| yearsactive = 2015–present<br />
| father = [[Nagendra Babu]]<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|Chaitanya Jv|2020}}<br />
| family = See [[Allu–Konidela family]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Niharika Konidela''' (born 18 December 1993) is an Indian actress and television presenter who predominantly works in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films. She made her debut with the film ''[[Oka Manasu]]'' (2016).<ref>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151208/entertainment-tollywood/article/waiting-niharika"Waiting for Niharika"]</ref> She also produces under her banner "Pink Elephant Pictures".<br />
<br />
== Early and personal life ==<br />
Niharika Konidela is the daughter of actor and producer [[Nagendra Babu]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/My-father-is-my-biggest-strength-Niharika-Konidela/articleshow/44969797.cms|title=My father is my biggest strength : Niharika Konidela|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=19 October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024002647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/My-father-is-my-biggest-strength-Niharika-Konidela/articleshow/44969797.cms|archive-date=24 October 2019}}</ref> She is the niece of actors [[Chiranjeevi]] and [[Pawan Kalyan]]. Her brother [[Varun Tej]] and cousins [[Ram Charan]], [[Sai Dharam Tej]], [[Allu Arjun]], [[Allu Sirish]], and [[Panja Vaisshnav Tej|Vaisshnav Tej]] are also actors in [[Telugu cinema]].<br />
<br />
She married Chaitanya Jonnalagadda on December 9, 2020 at [[Udaipur]]'s Oberoi Udaivilas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 6, 2020|first=Janani|last=K.|title=Niharika Konidela turns bride for her Udaipur wedding with Chaitanya. Unmissable pics|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/niharika-konidela-turns-bride-for-her-udaipur-wedding-with-chaitanya-unmissable-pics-1747068-2020-12-06|access-date=2020-12-08|website=India Today|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208145338/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/niharika-konidela-turns-bride-for-her-udaipur-wedding-with-chaitanya-unmissable-pics-1747068-2020-12-06|archive-date=8 December 2020}}</ref><ref>https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/more-stunning-pics-from-niharika-konidela-and-chaitanya-jvs-wedding-featuring-allu-arjun-and-ram-charan-2336641#News_Trending</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Konidela worked as an [[Television presenter|presenter]] on [[Telugu language]] television before pursuing a career as an actress.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Ram-Charan-Allu-Arjun-keep-teasing-me-about-my-TV-show-Niharika/articleshow/36396858.cms|title=Ram Charan keep teasing me about my TV show : Niharika|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=12 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404185100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Ram-Charan-Allu-Arjun-keep-teasing-me-about-my-TV-show-Niharika/articleshow/36396858.cms|archive-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="Times of India">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Niharika-Konidela-I-will-act-in-movies-but-I-need-some-moretime/articleshow/48084685.cms|title=Niharika Konidela: I will act in movies but I need some more time|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|agency=Times News Network|date=15 July 2015|access-date=15 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014191641/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Niharika-Konidela-I-will-act-in-movies-but-I-need-some-moretime/articleshow/48084685.cms|archive-date=14 October 2019}}</ref> She has hosted ''[[Dhee Ultimate Dance Show]]'' for Segments Dhee Junior 1 and Dhee Junior 2 aired on [[ETV Network]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tollywoodshow.com/nagababus-daughter-niharika-movie/|title=NagaBabu's Daughter Niharika has the desire to act in films|work=tollywoodshow.com|access-date=3 November 2015|archive-date=21 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221175505/http://www.tollywoodshow.com/nagababus-daughter-niharika-movie/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
<br />
She acted and also produced the Telugu [[Short film|web-series]] ''Muddapappu Avakai'' under her banner Pink Elephant Pictures. This series was released on [[YouTube]] and was well received by the audience.<ref name="IB Times">[http://www.ibtimes.co.in/muddapappu-avakai-series-set-cross-2-million-views-youtube-chiranjeevis-niece-niharika-666048"'Muddapappu Avakai' series set to cross 2 million views on YouTube; Chiranjeevi's niece Niharika impresses audience"]</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2015, she signed for a film titled ''[[Oka Manasu]]'' which marked her debut as an actress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150925/entertainment-bollywood/article/mega-debut-tollywood|title=Mega debut in Tollywood|work=deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> Her 2019 film, ''[[Suryakantham (film)|Suryakantham]]'', performed poorly at the box office, grossing {{INR}}3 [[crore]].<ref name="Sakshi Post">{{cite news|url=https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/04/03/suryankantham-latest-box-office-collection-niharika-movie-rakes-in-crores-at-box-office|title=Niharika Konidela: Niharika Movie Rakes In Crores At Box Office|newspaper=Sakshi Post|agency=Sakshi Post|date=3 April 2019|access-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202132521/https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/04/03/suryankantham-latest-box-office-collection-niharika-movie-rakes-in-crores-at-box-office|archive-date=2 December 2020}}</ref> Later that year, she played a minor role in the [[period film|historical action]] film ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]''. <br />
<br />
===Pink Elephant Pictures===<br />
In 2015, Konidela launched her film production company, Pink Elephant Pictures.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-30|title=Konidela Niharika Launches 'Pink Elephant Pictures' {{!}} RITZ|url=https://www.ritzmagazine.in/konidela-niharika-launches-pink-elephant-pictures/|url-status=live|website=Ritz}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Films ===<br />
*''All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role(s)<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| |2016<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Oka Manasu]]''<br />
| Sandhya<br />
| Telugu debut<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/oka-manasu-star-niharika-says-chiranjeevi-pawan-kalyan-encouraged-her-pursue-her-dream-683664|title='Oka Manasu' star Niharika says Chiranjeevi, Pawan Kalyan encouraged her to pursue her dream|website=Ibtimes|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327093054/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/oka-manasu-star-niharika-says-chiranjeevi-pawan-kalyan-encouraged-her-pursue-her-dream-683664|archive-date=27 March 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2018<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Oru Nalla Naal Paathu Solren]]''<br />
| Soumiya (Abhaayalakshmi)|| Tamil debut<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/181117/my-role-in-oru-nalla-naal-is-substantial-niharika.html|title=My role in Oru Nalla Naal… is substantial: Niharika|website=DeccanChronicle|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713180646/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/181117/my-role-in-oru-nalla-naal-is-substantial-niharika.html|archive-date=13 July 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Happy Wedding (2018 film)|Happy Wedding]]''<br />
| Akshara<br />
|Telugu<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/niharika-konidelas-happy-wedding-to-hit-screens-this-summer/articleshow/62928321.cms|title=Niharika Konidela's 'Happy Wedding' to hit screens this summer|website=TmesofIndia.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402082400/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/niharika-konidelas-happy-wedding-to-hit-screens-this-summer/articleshow/62928321.cms|archive-date=2 April 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2019<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Suryakantham (film)|Suryakantham]]''<br />
| Suryakantham<br />
|Telugu<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/niharika-konidela-preps-for-the-pre-release-event-of-suryakantham-by-humming-po-pove-song-from-the-movie/articleshow/68536916.cms|title=Niharika Konidela preps for the pre-release event of Suryakantham by humming Po Pove song from the movie|website=TmesofIndia.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406104139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/niharika-konidela-preps-for-the-pre-release-event-of-suryakantham-by-humming-po-pove-song-from-the-movie/articleshow/68536916.cms|archive-date=6 April 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]''<br />
| Bhagyam<br />
|Telugu<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Web series ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
| scope="row" | ''Muddapappu Avakai''<br />
| Aasha<br />
|Also [[Film producer|producer]]<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/muddapappu-avakai-series-set-cross-2-million-views-youtube-chiranjeevis-niece-niharika-666048|title='Muddapappu Avakai' series set to cross 2 million views on YouTube; Chiranjeevi's niece Niharika impresses audience [Videos]|website=Ibtimes|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227014639/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/muddapappu-avakai-series-set-cross-2-million-views-youtube-chiranjeevis-niece-niharika-666048|archive-date=27 February 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
| scope="row" | ''[[Nanna Koochi]]''<br />
| Tara<br />
| [[ZEE5]] series, also [[Film producer|producer]]<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/niharika-konidela-and-nagababus-web-series-nanni-koochi-trailer-is-out-and-trending-at-2/articleshow/61337483.cms|title=Niharika Konidela and Nagababu's web series' 'Nanna Koochi' trailer is out and trending at #2|website=TmesofIndia}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
| scope="row" | ''Madhouse''<br />
|Meena<br />
|Also [[Film producer|producer]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|8124260}}<br />
* {{Facebook|IamNiharikaK}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Konidela, Niharika}}<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:1991 births]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television producers]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubina_Dilaik&diff=138422Rubina Dilaik2021-08-17T16:08:37Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Rubina Dilaik<br />
| image = Rubina Dilaik at the Bigg Boss Finale (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = Rubina as a contestant in Bigg Boss 14<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1989|08|26}}<ref name="Celeb Center">{{Cite web|title=Rubina Dilaik Biography, Age, Height, Weight, Family, Husband|url=https://celebcenter.net/rubina-dilaik-biography-age-height-weight-family-husband/|first=Celeb|last=Center|language=en}}</ref> <br />
| birth_place = [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]<ref name="republicworld">{{Cite web|url=https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/television-news/abhinav-shukla-and-rubina-dilaik-bio.html|title=Abhinav Shukla and Rubina Dilaik - Everything fans need to know about the popular couple|first=Republic|last=World|website=Republic World|quote=Rubina Dilaik was born on August 26, 1989 , in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.}}</ref><br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| occupation = [[Actress]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Abhinav Shukla]]|2018}}<br />
| years_active = 2008–present<br />
| known_for = ''[[Choti Bahu]]''<br>''[[Shakti — Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''<br>''[[Bigg Boss 14]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rubina Dilaik''' is an Indian television actress known for playing Radhika in ''[[Chotti Bahu]]'' and Soumya Singh in ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/here-s-why-female-actors-on-tv-are-so-vulnerable-to-online-trolls/story-ED1EIQU5hzdlPmSQj7enoO.html|title=Nia Sharma to Rubina Dilaik: It's a bad, bad internet out there for female TV actors|date=6 February 2017|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-12|title=Rubina promotes healthy living on the set of her show|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/rubina-promotes-healthy-living-on-the-set-of-her-show/story-hiwDE8MdU7sFsNwUz1bkKP.html|access-date=2019-09-01|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> She is currently participating in [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|''Bigg Boss 14'']].<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Dilaik was born on 26 August 1989 in [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name="republicworld" /> She studied at [[Shimla Public School]] and [[St. Bede's College, Shimla]]. Her father is also a writer and has written many books in Hindi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TV'sBahu' Rubina Dilaik turns a year older!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/48670223.cms|date=2015-08-25|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In young days, She was a beauty pageant contender, won two local beauty pageants and was crowned Miss Shimla in 2006. She was a national level champion in debate during her school days. In 2008, she won the Miss North India Pageant held at [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did You Know Actress Rubina Dilaik Is The Winner Of Two Coveted Beauty Pageants?|url=https://zeetv.zee5.com/did-you-know-actress-rubina-dilaik-is-the-winner-of-two-coveted-beauty-pageants/|date=2020-05-02|website=Zee TV|language=en|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
She started her acting career from [[Chotti Bahu]] though she wanted to be an IAS and was preparing but got selected in auditions was held in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the Choti Bahu of Indian Television|url=https://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/may/04/slide-show-1-from-rubina-to-radhika.htm|website=Rediff|language=en|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dilaik gained recognition by playing Radhika Shastri in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Chotti Bahu]]'' opposite [[Avinash Sachdev]] and reprising the role in the show's sequel.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sumit Jha|title=All praises for Rubina Dilaik|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-21/tv/31082711_1_chhoti-bahu-rubina-dilaik-radhika|access-date=26 November 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 Feb 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2012, she played Simran "Smiley" Gill in [[Sony TV]]'s ''[[Saas Bina Sasural]]''. In 2013, she played Divya Jakhotia in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Punar Vivah - Ek Nayi Umeed]]'' opposite [[Karan Grover]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rubina-Dilaik-beats-Aamna-Shariff/articleshow/20014614.cms|title=Rubina Dilaik beats Aamna Shariff - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/rubina-dilaik-karan-grover-to-unfold-punarvivaah-new-chapter_134373.html|title=Rubina Dilaik, Karan Grover to unfold 'Punarvivaah' new chapter|date=2013-05-14|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> From 2013 to 2014, she portrayed [[Sita]] in [[Life OK]]'s mythological show ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' and Jeannie in [[SAB TV]]'s ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-27/tv/40832529_1_devon-ke-dev-mahadev-sita-new-role|title=Rubina Dilaik is back to play Sita in Mahadev|date=27 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=29 July 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
From 2016 to 2020, Dilaik portrayed Soumya Singh, a transgender woman in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Shakti — Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]'' opposite [[Vivian Dsena]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/rubina-dilaik-confident-of-transgenders-role-in-mainstream-show/17500185|title=Rubina Dilaik: Confident of transgender's role in mainstream show|date=2016-08-05|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Media==<br />
In 2016, Dilaik was ranked eleventh in the 50 Sexiest Asian Women List by ''[[Eastern Eye]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theasianconnectionsnewspaper.com/deepika-padukone-crowned-sexiest-asian-woman-in-the-world-for-the-first-time/|title=Deepika Padukone crowned sexiest asian woman for the first time|date=December 8, 2016|publisher=The Asian Connection Newspaper}}</ref> She moved up a place to the tenth spot in the same list in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.easterneye.eu/priyanka-chopra-reclaims-crown/|title=Priyanka Chopra reclaims her crown - Eastern Eye|date=2017-12-07|work=Eastern Eye|access-date=2018-02-10|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-named-worlds-sexiest-asian-woman-for-the-fourth-time/1/327937.html|title=Katrina Kaif named world's sexiest Asian woman for the fourth time|date=5 December 2013|publisher=[[India Today]]|access-date=18 January 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
In 2018, Dilaik married television actor [[Abhinav Shukla]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rubina-dilaik-abhinav-shukla-wedding-videos-photos-5227386/|title=Rubina Dilaik ties the knot with Abhinav Shukla, see photos from their dreamy wedding| work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=June 21, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year!! Film !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''Bareilly Ki Beti: The Youngest Survivor'' || protagonist || Short film<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/rubina-dilaik-in-hubby-abhinav-shuklas-short-film-bareilly-ki-beti/1719830 |title=Rubina Dilaik in hubby Abhinav Shukla''s short film ''Bareilly Ki Beti'' |publisher=Outlook India |date=January 28, 2020 |access-date=September 11, 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Show<br />
! Role<br />
! Ref(s)<br />
|-<br />
| 2008–2010<br />
| ''[[Chotti Bahu]]''<br />
| Radhika Shastri/Imarti<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/rubina-dilaik-on-not-getting-paid-on-time-during-choti-bahu-i-had-to-sell-off-my-house-and-property-tv-news/421276|title=Rubina Dilaik on not getting paid on time during Choti Bahu: 'I had to sell off my house and property'|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2008<br />
| ''[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann|Banno Main Teri Dulhan]]''<br />
| rowspan="4" | Guest (as Radhika)<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kasamh Se]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2010<br />
| ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/rubina-promotes-healthy-living-on-the-set-of-her-show/story-hiwDE8MdU7sFsNwUz1bkKP.html|title=Rubina promotes healthy living on the set of her show|date=12 August 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2011–2012<br />
| ''[[Chotti Bahu|Chotti Bahu 2]]''<br />
| Radhika/Ruby Bhardwaj<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/rubina-dilaik-her-first-tv-show-choti-bahu-nine-months-i-pleaded-my-money-451405|title=Rubina Dilaik on her first TV show Choti Bahu: For nine months, I pleaded for my money|website=PINKVILLA|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| ''[[Saas Bina Sasural]]''<br />
| Simran/Smiley Gill<br />
| <ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-contestant-rubina-dilaik-photos-videos-6610048/|title=Meet Bigg Boss Season 14 contestant Rubina Dilaik|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2013<br />
| ''[[Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke]]''<br />
| Herself / Guest<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ankita-Karanvir-Sara-Rubina-to-groove-in-Sapne-Suhane-/articleshow/18063164.cms|title=Ankita, Karanvir, Sara, Rubina to groove in Sapne Suhane...|date=17 January 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Punar Vivah - Ek Nayi Umeed]]''<br />
| Divya Jakhotia<br />
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-17/tv/40634773_1_punar-vivah-punar-vivah-2-production-house|title=Rubina Dilaik quits Punar Vivah|date=17 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=29 July 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2013–2014<br />
| ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]''<br />
| [[Sita]]<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rubina-is-currently-taking-notes-on-her-Hindi-diction-specially-because-this-is-the-first-time-she-is-doing-a-mythological-show-/articleshow/22068389.cms|title=Rubina Dilaik worked on her diction to play Sita - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''<br />
| Jeannie<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/rubina-dilaik-to-replace-shivshakti-in-jeannie-aur-juju/story-ieE2i5TbpZhQoktYKTLrkN.html|title=Rubina Dilaik to replace Shivshakti in Jeannie Aur Juju?|date=2013-11-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014–2015<br />
| ''[[Box Cricket League#Team Members: Season 1|Box Cricket League 1]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/|title=Box Cricket League Teams: BCL 2014 Team Details With TV Actors & Names of Celebrities|date=16 January 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016–2020<br />
| ''[[Shakti — Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''<br />
| Soumya Singh<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/revealed-rubina-dilaik-plays-a-transgender-in-shakti-astitva-ke-ehsaas-ki_1914467.html|title=REVEALED! Rubina Dilaik plays a transgender in 'Shakti- Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki'|date=2016-08-03|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''<br />
| rowspan="8" | Guest (as Soumya)<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-10-18th-december-2016-episode-62-preview-om-swami-lifts-up-actress-adaa-khan-will-he-get-thrashed-1712039/|title=Bigg Boss 10 18th December 2016 episode 62 preview: Om Swami lifts up actress Adaa Khan; will he get thrashed?|date=18 December 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2017<br />
| ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sasural-simar-ka-and-shakti-mahasangam-episode-update-april-28-2017-piyush-kidnaps-soumya-and-harmans-baby/articleshow/58430590.cms|title=Sasural Simar Ka and Shakti Mahasangam episode update April 28, 2017: Piyush kidnaps Soumya and Harman's baby|date=29 April 2017}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Bigg Boss 11]]''<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-11-day-21-preview-housemates-welcome-rubina-dilaik-arjun-bijlani-rashami-desai-dhinchak-pooja-enters-lifetv-1068761-2017-10-22|title=Bigg Boss 11 Day 21 preview: Housemates welcome Rubina Dilaik, Arjun Bijlani, Rashami Desai and others from Colors' family; Dhinchak Pooja enters the house|date=21 October 2017}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Entertainment Ki Raat]]''<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/entertainment-ki-raat-25th-november-2017-written-update-of-full-episode-arbaaz-khan-reveals-sunny-leones-habit-of-digging-her-nose-amd-some-more-gross-details-1108890/|title=Entertainment Ki Raat 25th November 2017 Written Update Of Full Episode: Arbaaz Khan reveals Sunny Leone's habit of digging her nose and some more gross details|date=26 November 2017}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2018<br />
| ''[[Tu Aashiqui]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan]]''<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/colors-air-new-years-special-jashan-e-tashan/|title=Colors to air New Years special 'Jashan-E-Tashan'|date=29 December 2017}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 12)|Bigg Boss 12]]''<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-12-grand-premiere-salman-khan-in-witness-box-rubina-dilaik-s-sizzling-performance-1341207-2018-09-16|title=Bigg Boss 12 grand premiere: Salman Khan in witness box; Rubina Dilaik's sizzling performance|date=16 September 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2019<br />
| ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''<br />
| Guest/Recurring<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''<br />
| Guest (as Soumya)<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-13-jasmin-bhasin-is-jealous-of-shehnaz-confesses-about-a-similar-bond-with-sidharth-shukla-in-the-past/articleshow/72967065.cms|title=Bigg Boss 13: Jasmin Bhasin is jealous of Shehnaz; confesses about a similar bond with Sidharth Shukla in the past|date=25 December 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020–present<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|Bigg Boss 14]]<br />
| Contestant <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/photos/rubina-dilaik/bigg-boss-14-contestants-abhinav-shukla-rubina-dilaiks-romantic-pics-prove-they-are-head-over-heels-love|title=Bigg Boss 14 contestants Abhinav Shukla & Rubina Dilaik's ROMANTIC pics prove they are head over heels in love|date=30 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Year!! Award !! Category!! Show<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
|Best Actress Drama (Jury)<br />
|''[[Shakti — Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Television Academy Awards 2016 Winners: Complete list of winners|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/indian-television-academy-awards/2016/113|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|[[Gold Awards]]<br />
|Most Fit Actress<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold Awards 2017 Winners: Complete list of winners|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/gold-awards/2017/114|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.rubinadilaik.in/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|3866466}}<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
| title = Awards for Rubina Dilaik<br />
| list =<br />
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dilaik, Rubina}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:1987 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shimla]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) contestants]]<br />
<br />
{{en-Wikipedia}}</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prakruti_Mishra&diff=138420Prakruti Mishra2021-08-17T15:59:36Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{short description|Indian Odia film actress (born 1995)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}} {{Infobox person | image = Prakruti Mishra.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Odia film actress (born 1995)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| image = Prakruti Mishra.jpg<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|03|3|df=y}}<br />
| birth_name = Prakruti Mishra<br />
| birth_place = [[Bhubaneswar, Odisha]], India<br />
| occupation = Actress, model<br />
| name = Prakruti Mishra<br />
}}<br />
'''Prakruti Mishra''' is an Indian actress known for her work in Odia films and Hindi television.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prakruti Mishra - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/prakruti-mishra/1067334|access-date=2021-02-01|website=BookMyShow}}</ref> She has received the [[National Film Award]] for [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention Award]] for ''[[Hello Arsi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-03|title=Ollywood Actress Prakruti Mishra Receives National Film Award for 'Hello Arsi'|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/body-slider/prakruti-mishra-receives-national-film-award-for-hello-arsi-292939|access-date=2021-02-01|website=Latest Odisha News, Breaking News Today {{!}} Top Updates on Corona - OTV News|language=en-US}}</ref> She was most recent seen as Devanyi In ''[[Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki]]'', as Bitti in ''Bitti Business Wali'' and in the reality show ''[[Ace of Space 2|Ace Of Space 2]]''.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Mishra is the second child of Odia music director Manmath Mishra and news reader Krushnapriya Mishra. She completed her schooling from Venkateswar English Medium School, Bhubaneswar, followed by studying Commerce at [[Rama Devi Women's College|Rama Devi Women's College, Bhubaneswar]]. Later, she studied [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from [[Bhavan's College|Bhavan's College, West Mumbai]].<br />
<br />
Mishra has learnt [[Odissi dance]] from Guru [[Gangadhar Pradhan]].<ref name="exp" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Mishra made her acting debut as a child artist at the age of five with the film ''Sabata Maa''. She rose to popularity after she appeared in [[ETV Odia]]'s ''Tulasi'' playing Smruti. In 2006, she won the [[Odisha State Film Award]] for Best Child Actor for ''Sashughara Chalijibi''.<br />
<br />
She made her debut in Ollywood as a lead actress with the film ''Thukool'' alongside [[Babushan]]. She then starred in more than 10 Odia feature films.<ref name=exp>{{cite web | title = A Lesson in Acceptance|publisher= The New Indian Express| url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/A-Lesson-in-Acceptance/2013/12/16/article1944153.ece |date=16 December 2013| access-date = 2013-12-21 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2014, Mishra participated in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj]]''. She went on to star in various Odia films. In 2018 she also played Madhura In [[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]] in a Episodic Role.<br />
<br />
She gained nationwide recognition for her role in ''Bitti Business Walli'', a Hindi serial aired on &TV.<br />
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/there-is-nothing-that-girls-cant-do-prakruti-mishra/articleshow/64319888.cms|title=‘There is nothing that girls can’t do’: Prakruti Mishra - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019, she participated in [[MTV India]]'s ''[[Ace Of Space 2]]'', emerging as a finalist.<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Role<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''Hari Bhai Harena''<br />
| rowspan=11|[[Odia language|Odia]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''Sabata Maa''<br />
| Rama<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''Sasughara Chalijibi''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''Sata Sure Bandha Ae Jibana''<br />
| Sangita<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
|''Pagala Karichi Pauji Toro''<br />
''hukul''<br />
| Aaina<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| ''Omm''<br />
| Shree<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''ACP Sagarika''<br />
| Chandni<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''Premika''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''Kuanri Kanya''<br />
| Rangabati<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''Bindas Romeo''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''Om Sai Ram''<br />
| Lalita<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Kaun Kitne Paani Mein]]''<br />
|[[Hindi Language|Hindi]]<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''Mitha Mitha''<br />
| rowspan=2|[[Odia language|Odia]]<br />
| Prakruti<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Hello Arsi]]''<br />
| Arsi<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''Masala Steps''<br />
| rowspan=2|[[Short Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| Anuradha<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Show !! Channel !! Role <br />
|-<br />
| 2005–2006<br />
| ''Tulasi''<br />
| [[ETV Odia]]<br />
| Smruti<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''Mr and Miss Kalinga''<br />
| [[Kalinga TV]]<br />
| Judge <br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj]]''<br />
| [[Zee TV]]<br />
| Contestant<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''Raja Queen 2015''<br />
| [[Zee Sarthak]]<br />
| Judge<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Trideviyaan]]''<br />
| [[SAB TV]]<br />
| Nancy<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki''<br /><br />
| [[Star Bharat]]<br />
| Devjani<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2018<br />
| ''Bitti Business Wali''<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[&TV]]<br />
| Bitti<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]'' <br />
|Madhura <br />{{small|(Episodic Role)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[Ace Of Space 2]]''<br />
| [[MTV India]]<br />
| Contestant <br />{{small|(6th place)}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Music videos===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Language<br />
|- <br />
|2004<br />
|''Deuchi Mo Ban Aakhi''<br />
|rowspan=7|[[Odia language|Odia]]<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|''Nazdikiyan 1''<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2017<br />
|''Nazdikiyan 2''<br />
|- <br />
|''Nagei De Bhogo''<br />
|-<br />
|''Priya''<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2018<br />
|''Goolam''<br />
|-<br />
|''Re Parichaya''<br />
|-<br />
|''Pyaasi Hai Rooh''<br />
|rowspan=4|[[Hindi Language|Hindi]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2019<br />
|''Theher Ja''<br />
|-<br />
|''Casanova''<br />
|-<br />
|''I Am Waiting Zindagi''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Film<br />
! Result<br />
! Ref<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| [[Odisha State Film Award]]<br />
| Best Child Actress<br />
| ''Sasu Ghara Chali Jibi''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
| [[National Film Award]]<br />
| [[National Film Award - Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention]]<br />
| ''Hello Arsi''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Odia film Hello Arsi wins big at 65th National Film Awards - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odia-film-hello-arsi-wins-big-at-65th-national-film-awards/articleshow/63785182.cms |website=The Times of India |publisher=Sandip Bal |access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| Odisha Music Awards<br />
| Odia Sensation Of The Year<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B5o-8nchlVW/|title=@prakrutimishra on Instagram: “Won the Odia Sensation of the Year at Odisha Music Awards 2019.”|website=Instagram|language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{IMDb person}}<br />
<br />
{{National Film Award Special Mention feature film}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Ollywood]]<br />
[[Category:1995 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Alekhkumarr&diff=136645User:Alekhkumarr2021-08-08T17:34:53Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>hi i am bharatpedia editor thankyou<br />
[[File:Spinning Ashoka Chakra.gif|right|200px]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Alekhkumarr&diff=136644User:Alekhkumarr2021-08-08T17:33:04Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>hi i am bharatpedia editor thankyou</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Alekhkumarr&diff=136643User:Alekhkumarr2021-08-08T17:30:39Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>Alekh kumar is new bharatpedia contributor.</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Divyam_Agarwal&diff=136527Divyam Agarwal2021-08-08T07:25:36Z<p>Alekhkumarr: /* Personal Life */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Divyam Agarwal<br />
| image = DivyamAgarwal.jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|08|09}}<br />
| birth_place = Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| occupation = Musician, Producer, Entrepreneur<br />
| education = SR International School<br />
| mother = Divya Agarwal<br />
| father = Pankaj Agarwal<br />
| known_for = Founder of [[SWAGGER DEEVS]], [[The Real Preneur]], [[Deevs Mp3]]<br />
| years_active = 2017-present<br />
}}<br />
''' Divyam Agarwal ''' is an Indian Entrepreneur in Digital Marketing & Musician/Producer in Entertainment Industry in India. He founded<ref>{{cite web |title=Divyam Agarwal: Youngest Digital Entrepreneur Set a Benchmark and Became Youngest Millionaire in India|url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/divyam-agarwal-youngest-digital-entrepreneur-070315070.html}}</ref> SWAGGER DEEVS, The Real Preneur <ref>{{cite web |title=Founder of The Real Preneur – Divyam Agarwal Taking Media into Next Level|url=https://disruptmagazine.in/founder-of-the-real-preneur-divyam-agarwal-taking-media-into-next-level/}}</ref> and Deevs Mp3 <ref>{{cite web |title=Divyam Agarwal : Founder of Deevs Mp3, Influencer and The Man Behind India’s Leading Influencer Marketing Agency|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/05/16/divyam-agarwal-founder-of-deevs-mp3-influencer-and-the-man-behind-indias-leading-influencer-marketing-agency/}}</ref>, a Digital Marketing company. Divyam Agarwal is also working as a Production Manager in Entertainment Industry.<br />
<br />
==Personal Life==<br />
Divyam Agarwal was born in Bareilly on 9 August 2001. Completed his Primary Schooling at [[SR International School]] in [[Bareilly]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Youngest Digital Entrepreneur Set a Benchmark and Became Youngest Millionaire in India|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/youngest-digital-entrepreneur-set-a-benchmark-and-became-youngest-millionaire-in-india |language=en}}</ref> His Father's name is Pankaj Agarwal and his Mother's name is Divya Agarwal who belongs from their hometown [[Bareilly]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Divyam Agarwal Wikii.org|url=https://www.wikii.org/os/wiki/entrepreneur/divyam-agarwal-20350 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Divyam Agarwal started his career in Digital Marketing<ref>{{cite web |title=Youngest Digital Entrepreneur Divyam Agarwal turns to be the Youngest Millionaire of India<br />
|url=https://youthistaan.com/youngest-digital-entrepreneur-divyam-agarwal-turns-to-be-the-youngest-millionaire-of-india/ |language=en}}</ref> in 2016 at the age of 15<ref>{{cite web |title=Youngest Millionaire From India: The Best Digital Marketing Expert- Divyam Agarwal<br />
|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/02/27/youngest-millionaire-from-india-the-best-digital-marketing-expert-divyam-agarwal/ |language=en}}</ref> and continued exploring his skills in Entertainment Industry and joined the Production Industry in 2021.<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*Youngest Digital Entrepreneur in 2021<ref>{{cite web|title=Divyam Agarwal Young Entrepreneur bringing latest trends in Digital Marketing<br />
|url=https://popdiaries.com/divyam-agarwal-young-entrepreneur-bringing-latest-trends-in-digital-marketing/|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{URL|divyamagarwal.com|Official website}}<br />
*{{Twitter|producer_divyam}}<br />
*{{Facebook|producer.divyam}}<br />
*{{Instagram|i.am.deevs}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2001 births]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Divyam_Agarwal&diff=136167Divyam Agarwal2021-08-06T10:20:56Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Divyam Agarwal<br />
| image = DivyamAgarwal.jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|08|09}}<br />
| birth_place = Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| occupation = Musician, Producer, Entrepreneur<br />
| education = SR International School<br />
| mother = Divya Agarwal<br />
| father = Pankaj Agarwal<br />
| known_for = Founder of [[SWAGGER DEEVS]], [[The Real Preneur]], [[Deevs Mp3]]<br />
| years_active = 2017-present<br />
}}<br />
''' Divyam Agarwal ''' is an Indian Entrepreneur in Digital Marketing & Musician/Producer in Entertainment Industry in India. He founded<ref>{{cite web |title=Divyam Agarwal: Youngest Digital Entrepreneur Set a Benchmark and Became Youngest Millionaire in India|url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/divyam-agarwal-youngest-digital-entrepreneur-070315070.html}}</ref> SWAGGER DEEVS, The Real Preneur <ref>{{cite web |title=Founder of The Real Preneur – Divyam Agarwal Taking Media into Next Level|url=https://disruptmagazine.in/founder-of-the-real-preneur-divyam-agarwal-taking-media-into-next-level/}}</ref> and Deevs Mp3 <ref>{{cite web |title=Divyam Agarwal : Founder of Deevs Mp3, Influencer and The Man Behind India’s Leading Influencer Marketing Agency|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/05/16/divyam-agarwal-founder-of-deevs-mp3-influencer-and-the-man-behind-indias-leading-influencer-marketing-agency/}}</ref>, a Digital Marketing company. Divyam Agarwal is also working as a Production Manager in Entertainment Industry.<br />
<br />
==Personal Life==<br />
Divyam Agarwal was born in Bareilly on 9 August 2001. Completed his Primary Schooling at SR International School in [[Bareilly]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Youngest Digital Entrepreneur Set a Benchmark and Became Youngest Millionaire in India|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/youngest-digital-entrepreneur-set-a-benchmark-and-became-youngest-millionaire-in-india |language=en}}</ref> His Father's name is Pankaj Agarwal and his Mother's name is Divya Agarwal who belongs from their hometown [[Bareilly]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Divyam Agarwal Wikii.org|url=https://www.wikii.org/os/wiki/entrepreneur/divyam-agarwal-20350 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Divyam Agarwal started his career in Digital Marketing<ref>{{cite web |title=Youngest Digital Entrepreneur Divyam Agarwal turns to be the Youngest Millionaire of India<br />
|url=https://youthistaan.com/youngest-digital-entrepreneur-divyam-agarwal-turns-to-be-the-youngest-millionaire-of-india/ |language=en}}</ref> in 2016 at the age of 15<ref>{{cite web |title=Youngest Millionaire From India: The Best Digital Marketing Expert- Divyam Agarwal<br />
|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/02/27/youngest-millionaire-from-india-the-best-digital-marketing-expert-divyam-agarwal/ |language=en}}</ref> and continued exploring his skills in Entertainment Industry and joined the Production Industry in 2021.<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*Youngest Digital Entrepreneur in 2021<ref>{{cite web|title=Divyam Agarwal Young Entrepreneur bringing latest trends in Digital Marketing<br />
|url=https://popdiaries.com/divyam-agarwal-young-entrepreneur-bringing-latest-trends-in-digital-marketing/|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{URL|divyamagarwal.com|Official website}}<br />
*{{Twitter|producer_divyam}}<br />
*{{Facebook|producer.divyam}}<br />
*{{Instagram|i.am.deevs}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2001 births]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarbjeet_Kaur&diff=103271Sarbjeet Kaur2021-07-05T06:31:04Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Underlinked|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sara Khippal<br />
| image = Sarbjeet Kaur.jpeg<br />
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --><br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = Sarbjeet Kaur <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|10|09}}<br />
| birth_place = Bathinda, India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| other_names = <br />
| occupation = Dancer and Influencer<br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = Pure Bhangra<br />
| notable_works = <br />
| spouse = [[Hardeep Singh]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sarbjeet Kaur''' also known as her stage name '''Sara Khippal''' (born October 10, 1989) is an Dubai-based dancer and influencer. She is the co-owner of [[Pure Bhangra]] a company that manages performing artistes, celebrity performers and managing a team of [[folk dancers]]. Kaur is a trained dancer herself and has won several accolades in the past for her impeccable performances during various celebrity events.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Travel influencer and dancing sensation, Sarbjeet Kaur believes in converting dreams into reality|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/travel-influencer-and-dancing-sensation-sarbjeet-kaur-believes-in-converting-dreams-into-reality/story-d4VPcIVac1yEdeH2ON6DMJ.html|date=19 November 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She has 21.5k followers on her Instagram handle. Apart from running a management company Kaur also works as a air hostess in Dubai Airlines.<ref>{{cite web|first1=IBT Entertainment|last1=Desk|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Sarbjeet Kaur is a traveller by Choice and a Dancer with Heart|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/sarbjeet-kaur-traveller-by-choice-dancer-heart-822117|date=11 June 2020|website=www.ibtimes.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=The Hans|last1=India|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Travel Influencer and Dancing Sensation Hardeep Singh& Sarbjeet Kaur - Taking Punjabi culture to new heights!|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/travel-influencer-and-dancing-sensation-hardeep-singh-sarbjeet-kaur--taking-punjabi-culture-to-new-heights-584695|date=26 November 2019|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Kaur was born into a [[Sikh family]] in [[Bathinda]], Punjab, India on October 9, 1989. She is married to [[Hardeep Singh]], an interior designer, businessman and the founder of [[Pure Bhangra]].<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Hardeep Singh, Sarbjeet Kaur: Taking Punjabi culture to new heights|url=https://www.asianage.com/in-focus/191119/hardeep-singh-sarbjeet-kaur-taking-punjabi-culture-to-new-heights.html|date=19 November 2019|website=The Asian Age}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Facebook|sarbjeetkaurofficial}}<br />
*{{Twitter|sara_khippal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1989 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarbjeet_Kaur&diff=103270Sarbjeet Kaur2021-07-05T06:29:25Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Underlinked|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sara Khippal<br />
| image = Sarbjeet Kaur.jpeg<br />
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --><br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = Sarbjeet Kaur <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|10|09}}<br />
| birth_place = Bathinda, India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| other_names = <br />
| occupation = Dancer and Influencer<br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = Pure Bhangra<br />
| notable_works = <br />
| spouse = [[Hardeep Singh]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sarbjeet Kaur''' also known as her stage name '''Sara Khippal''' (born October 10, 1989) is an Dubai-based dancer and influencer. She is the co-owner of [[Pure Bhangra]] a company that manages performing artistes, celebrity performers and managing a team of [[folk dancers]]. Kaur is a trained dancer herself and has won several accolades in the past for her impeccable performances during various celebrity events.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Travel influencer and dancing sensation, Sarbjeet Kaur believes in converting dreams into reality|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/travel-influencer-and-dancing-sensation-sarbjeet-kaur-believes-in-converting-dreams-into-reality/story-d4VPcIVac1yEdeH2ON6DMJ.html|date=19 November 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She has 21.5k followers on her Instagram handle. Apart from running a management company Kaur also works as a air hostess in Dubai Airlines.<ref>{{cite web|first1=IBT Entertainment|last1=Desk|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Sarbjeet Kaur is a traveller by Choice and a Dancer with Heart|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/sarbjeet-kaur-traveller-by-choice-dancer-heart-822117|date=11 June 2020|website=www.ibtimes.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=The Hans|last1=India|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Travel Influencer and Dancing Sensation Hardeep Singh& Sarbjeet Kaur - Taking Punjabi culture to new heights!|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/travel-influencer-and-dancing-sensation-hardeep-singh-sarbjeet-kaur--taking-punjabi-culture-to-new-heights-584695|date=26 November 2019|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Kaur <ref>{{cite web |title=Sarbjeet Kaur promotes her culture via teaching Giddha|url=https://https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/sarbjeet-kaur-promotes-her-culture-via-teaching-giddha/656756/ |language=en}}</ref> was born into a [[Sikh family]] in [[Bathinda]], Punjab, India on October 9, 1989. She is married to [[Hardeep Singh]], an interior designer, businessman and the founder of [[Pure Bhangra]].<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Hardeep Singh, Sarbjeet Kaur: Taking Punjabi culture to new heights|url=https://www.asianage.com/in-focus/191119/hardeep-singh-sarbjeet-kaur-taking-punjabi-culture-to-new-heights.html|date=19 November 2019|website=The Asian Age}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Facebook|sarbjeetkaurofficial}}<br />
*{{Twitter|sara_khippal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1989 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardy_Singh&diff=103269Hardy Singh2021-07-05T06:19:22Z<p>Alekhkumarr: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Hardy Singh<br />
| image = Hardeep Singh.jpeg<br />
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --><br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = Hardeep Singh<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|1|08}}<br />
| birth_place = Dubai, United Arab Emirates <br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| other_names = <br />
| occupation = Entrepreneur, dancer and influencer<br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = Pure Bhangra<br />
| notable_works = <br />
| spouse = [[Sarbjeet Kaur]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Hardy Singh''' (born January 8, 1993) is an Dubai-based [[entrepreneur]], [[dancer]] and [[influencer]].<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Hardeep Singh, Sarbjeet Kaur: Taking Punjabi culture to new heights|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/in-focus/191119/hardeep-singh-sarbjeet-kaur-taking-punjabi-culture-to-new-heights.html|date=19 November 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> He is the founder of [[Pure Bhangra]] a company that manages performing artistes, celebrity performers and managing a team of folk dancers and also runs business of interior designing. In 2020, he was listed as the most Powerful and Influential Sikhs under 30 in the world in the Sikh Group’s Top 100 list and was the only Sikh from the Middle East to be included.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Bhangra Star Hardeep Singh Finds Place Among World's Top 100 Influential Sikhs|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/bhangra-star-hardeep-singh-finds-place-among-worlds-top-100-influential-sikhs/59341/1|website=Forbes India}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In November 2011, Singh and 7 of his friends formed the [[Pure Bhangra]] group and as of February 2021, they have 20 active members who perform cultural events the world over.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Social Media Influencer Hardeep Singh is an Inspiration for Aspiring Travellers|url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/social-media-influencer-hardeep-singh-135749007.html|website=in.style.yahoo.com}}</ref> The group has performed at Asian Football Cup (2019), Du Arena Yas Mega Mela (2019), Dubai Festival City Diwali Celebrations (2019), Al Seef Diwali (2019), Truckers Baisakhi Mela (2018) and Global Village Dubai (2018).<ref name=":0" /> He has over 43,287 fans and 46,484 followers on his Facebook fan page and received is the “Silver Play Button” on YouTube.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Hardeep Singh to Organize Biggest Punjabi Fest of Middle East under Pure Bhangra|url=https://www.news18.com/news/press-release/hardeep-singh-to-organize-biggest-punjabi-fest-of-middle-east-under-pure-bhangra-2396601.html|website=News18}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Hardeep was born and brought up in Dubai into a Sikh family in January 1993 and is married to [[Sarbjeet Kaur]], a dancer, influencer and the co-owner of [[Pure Bhangra]].<ref>{{cite web|first1=IBT Entertainment|last1=Desk|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Sarbjeet Kaur is a traveller by Choice and a Dancer with Heart|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/sarbjeet-kaur-traveller-by-choice-dancer-heart-822117|date=11 June 2020|website=www.ibtimes.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2021-02-15|title=Travel influencer Hardeep Singh wins accolades for spreading Punjab’s rich culture across the globe|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/travel-influencer-hardeep-singh-wins-accolades-for-spreading-punjab-s-rich-culture-across-the-globe/story-E7BYBglzsATIVvS9YSXO9I.html|date=26 November 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*2020, Most Powerful and Influential Sikhs under 30 in the world<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{URL|itshardysingh.com|Official website}}<br />
*{{Instagram|itshardysingh}}<br />
*{{Facebook|itshardysingh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1993 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]</div>Alekhkumarrhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manish_Yadav&diff=102768Manish Yadav2021-07-02T15:51:16Z<p>Alekhkumarr: Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Manish Yadav | image = Manish Yadav.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if differe..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Manish Yadav<br />
| image = Manish Yadav.jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|10|28}}<br />
| birth_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| occupation = Author, Entrepreneur<br />
| mother = Vijaya Yadav<br />
| father = Shrimant Yadav<br />
| known_for = World Traveller<br />
| years_active = 2015-present<br />
}}<br />
''' Manish Yadav ''' is an Entrepreneur, financial advisor, and crypto expert who has had a fair amount of experience in trading. He gives advice on both crypto and forex along with general financial planning advice. Manish started trading five years ago.<ref>{{cite web |title=How To Launch Your Own Cryptocurrency – Manish Yadav|url=https://www.fabworldtoday.com/how-to-launch-your-own-cryptocurrency/|language=en}}</ref> Back then the crypto industry did not have the fame it has today, nor did it have enough recognition and policies in favor of it. This was because cryptocurrency was used mainly for illegal trading and it was popular for being used in the silk route of the internet also known as the dark web.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manish Yadav Shares Real Tips To Make Money on the Internet|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/manish-yadav-shares-real-tips-082715726.html|language=en}}</ref> Half of the cryptocurrencies that exist today were not there 5 years ago. Most people only knew about Bitcoin and that too very much in the shallow.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manish Yadav: An All-Rounded Financial Advisor For Success In Crypto|url=https://www.timebulletin.com/manish-yadav-an-all-rounded-financial-advisor-for-success-in-crypto|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal Life==<br />
Manish Yadav was born in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India on 28 October 1986. Completed his Secondary Schooling at the University of Mumbai in [[Mumbai]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Manish Yadav Shares Real Tips for Making Money On The Internet|url=https://fuentitech.com/manish-yadav-shares-real-tips-for-making-money-on-the-internet/101849/ |language=en}}</ref> His Father's name is Shrimant Yadav and his Mother's name is Vijaya Yadav who belongs from their hometown [[Mumbai]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Manish Yadav Shares Real Tips To Make Money on the Internet|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/manish-yadav-shares-real-tips-to-make-money-on-the-internet |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Manish Yadav has advanced a lot in the ladder of crypto since his initial days. He now travels all around the world both for fun and to attend mega blockchain summits. Being an all-rounder, Manish offers advice in wealth management and financial planning too.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manish Yadav – The Remarkable Entrepreneur and Explorer<br />
|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/06/27/manish-yadav-the-remarkable-entrepreneur-and-explorer/ |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*Money Machine: Complete New Strategies on How to Achieve Financial Freedom in Trading<ref>{{cite web|title=Money Machine: Complete New Strategies on How to Achieve Financial Freedom in Trading<br />
|url=https://www.amazon.in/dp/B098BR5X9F/ref=cm_sw_r_wa_awdo_N9K1MC0GDGAJ2Q670PSW|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2001 births]]</div>Alekhkumarr