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Charles Nairne

2026-05-07T03:12:17Z

AlberthaPickard: Added a article more to come

{{Short description|British military officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-General]]
| name = Sir Charles Nairne
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCB}}
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth-date|30 June 1836}}
| death_date = {{death-date and age|19 February 1899|30 June 1836}}
| burial_label =
| burial_place = [[Charlton cemetery]]
| birth_place =
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| burial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| allegiance = [[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg|22x25px]] [[East India Company]] {{flagicon|British India}} [[British India]]
| branch = [[Bengal Army]] [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]
| service_years =
| rank = [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-General]]
| unit =
| commands = [[Bombay Army|Bombay Command]] [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]
| battles = [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]] [[Ambela campaign|Ambela Pass]] [[Second Afghan War]] [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War|Anglo-Egyptian War]]
| awards = [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] [[Order of the Medjidie]], 3rd class<ref name=odnb/>
| relations =
| other_work =
}}
[[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-General]] '''Sir Charles Edward Nairne''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCB}} (30 June 1836 – 19 February 1899) was a British military officer who served in [[British India]].

==Early life==
He was the son of Captain Alexander Nairne, a military officer in the [[East India Company]].<ref name="auto1">Dictionary of National Biography. Supplement. United Kingdom, Smith, Elder, & Company, 1901.</ref>

Educated at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]], Nairne was [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] into the [[Bengal Artillery]] in 1855.<ref name=odnb>{{cite book|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/19724|chapter=Charles Edward Nairne|author=E. M. Lloyd|authorlink=Ernest Marsh Lloyd|author2=James Falkner|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004}}</ref> Due to sickness he was only present for two and a half terms at Addiscombe, instead of the usual four, and this prevented him joining the [[Bengal Engineers]].<ref name="auto2">Vibart, Henry Meredith. Addiscombe, Its Heroes and Men of Note; by Colonel H. M. Vibart... With an Introduction by Lord Roberts of Kandahar.... N.p., A. Constable and Company, 1894.</ref>

==Career==
During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]] in 1857 he was stationed mostly at [[Peshawar]] and only saw action towards its close.<ref name="auto2"/> In 1863 he served in an [[Ambela campaign|expedition]] against the [[Yusufzai]] on the north-western frontier.<ref name="auto2"/> He went on to serve as a Horse Battery Commander with the [[Peshawar Valley Field Force]] during the [[Second Afghan War]] from 1878 to 1880.<ref name=odnb/>

In 1882 he took part in the [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War|Anglo-Egyptian War]] and commanded the horse artillery at the [[Kassassin|Battle of Kassassin Lock]] and the [[Battle of Tel el-Kebir]] where he was [[mentioned in despatches]].<ref name=odnb/> He was also appointed a Companion of the [[Order of the Bath]] (CB).<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25169|page=5166|date=17 November 1882}}</ref> In 1882 he became colonel of the depot staff of the horse artillery, and in 1885 commandant of the school of gunnery at [[Shoeburyness]] for the next two years. In 1887 he became Inspector-General of Artillery in [[India]], serving in the role for five years.<ref name=odnb/> In 1890 he attained the rank of Major-general after 35 years service.<ref name="auto2"/>

In 1892 Nairne was appointed to the command of the Division at [[Meerut]], and the following year he became Commander-in-Chief of the [[Bombay Army]] (renamed Bombay Command in 1895).<ref name=odnb/> He was promoted Lieutenant-General in November 1895<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26687|page=7137|date=10 December 1895}}</ref> and became a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in June 1898.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26947|page=1682|date=14 March 1898}}</ref> He was acting [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] from March to November 1898.<ref name=odnb/>

==Death==
He died suddenly on 19 February 1899 and was buried with military honours at [[Charlton Cemetery]] in [[London]] on 22 February.<ref name=odnb/>

==Family==
In 1860 he married Sophie Addison.<ref name=odnb/> His sister, Helen Catherine Nairne, who was born on 1 September 1843, was the mother of [[Sir Frederick Arnold-Baker]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9zRZGwAACAAJ Baker & Smart Pedigree 1902]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Nairne, Charles Edward |first=Ernest Marsh|last= Lloyd}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Hudson (Indian Army officer)|Sir John Hudson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bombay Army|C-in-C, Bombay Army]] (Bombay Command from 1895)|years=1893–1898}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Low (Indian Army officer)|Sir Robert Low]]}}
|-
{{succession box | title=[[Commander-in-Chief, India]] | before=[[George White (British Army officer)|Sir George White]] | after=[[William Lockhart (Indian Army officer)|Sir William Lockhart]] | years=March–November 1898}}
{{end}}

{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nairne, Charles}}
[[Category:1836 births]]
[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 3rd class]]
[[Category:British Commanders-in-Chief of India]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:British Army lieutenant generals]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Anglo-Egyptian War]]
[[Category:Bengal Artillery officers]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]

Finder Project 1

2026-05-07T00:39:04Z

AlberthaPickard: Added new post basic info

{{short description|Indian Tamil-language suspense thriller film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Finder
| image = Finder Project 1.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Vinoth Rajendran
| writer = Vinoth Rajendran
| producer = Rageef Subramaniam Vinoth Rajendran.
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Charle]]
* [[Sendrayan]]
}}
| cinematography = Prasanth Vellayangiri
| editing = Tamil Kumaran
| music = Surya Prasadh R.
| studio = Arabi Productions Viyan Ventures
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|04|20|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Finder Project 1''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[suspense thriller]] film written and directed by Vinoth Rajendran. The film stars [[Charle]] and [[Sendrayan]]. The film was produced by Rageef Subramaniam and Vinoth Rajendran under the banner of Arabi Productions and Viyan Ventures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Charlie-starrer Finder gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Apr/04/charlie-starrer-finder-gets-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511081256/https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?creatorScreenName=CE%20Features&dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-1&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideCard=false&hideThread=false&id=1788823533675573498&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemaexpress.com%2Ftamil%2Fnews%2F2024%2FApr%2F04%2Fcharlie-starrer-finder-gets-release-date&sessionId=b12ba9d56dc8542977de4f2d8957f09097f84a8e&siteScreenName=XpressCinema&theme=light&widgetsVersion=2615f7e52b7e0%3A1702314776716&width=550px |archive-date=2024-05-11 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Charle]] as Peter
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Dhayalan
* [[Sendrayan]] as Raayan
* Vinoth Rajendran as Vinoth
* Dharani Reddy as Pallavi
* Brana Abdulsalam as Ruby
* Nazar Anver Raja as Beema
* Gopinath Shankar as Guru
* Renu Rajan as Samiyar
* Neyveli N. Ravichandran as Councillor Sivaraman
* Sakila Ravichandran as Judge
* Selvendran as Samiyar's assistant
* Gurumoorthy as Student
* Vinoth Babu as Tom
* A. G. D. Bala Kumar as Charan Raj
* Sai Sarath as Mechanic
* Mayuran as Mechanic
* Sivaranjini as Esther
* Savitha as Police
* Thondan Jega as Police
* Srilatha as Police
* Sai Dev Anand as Professor
* Sai as Student
* Aishwarya as Student
* Ashwin as Student
* Kiranya as Young Ruby
}}

== Production ==
The film was shot across [[Chennai]] and [[Ramnad]].

== Reception ==
Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 2.5 out of 5 and wrote that "Flaws aside, it has the genre elements to sustain it. It'll satisfy some of your curious itch."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Finder: Project 1 Movie Review : An intriguing case with missed clues |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/finder-project-1/movie-review/109491010.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511081129/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/finder-project-1/movie-review/109491010.cms |archive-date=2024-05-11 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Manigandan KR of ''[[Times Now]]'' Stated that "The film is a decent investigative thriller that is fairly engaging." and rated 2.5 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-20 |title=Finder Project 1 Review: A Decent Investigative Thriller That Is Reasonably Good |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/finder-project-1-review-a-decent-investigative-thriller-that-is-reasonably-good-review-109462602 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511081130/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/finder-project-1-review-a-decent-investigative-thriller-that-is-reasonably-good-review-109462602 |archive-date=2024-05-11 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Maalai Malar]]'' critic gave a mixed review.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Finder - Project 1 |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/finder-project-1-158600 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426193931/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/finder-project-1-158600 |archive-date=2024-04-26 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt28283339}}

[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]

Devadas (2018 film)

2026-05-06T10:10:11Z

AlberthaPickard: Added some details w/ refs

{{short description|2018 Indian Telugu film directed and written by Sriram Adittya}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Devadas
| image = Devadas (2018) poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| producer = [[C. Ashwini Dutt]]
| director = [[Sriram Adittya]]
| writer = Sriram Adittya
| starring = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] [[Aakanksha Singh]] [[Rashmika Mandanna]]
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cinematography = [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainudeen]]
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| studio = [[Vyjayanthi Movies]]
| distributor = [[Viacom18 Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2018|09|27|df=y}}
| runtime = 164 mins<ref name="BBFC">{{Cite web |title=DEVADAS – British Board of Film Classification |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/devadas-2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003204328/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/devadas-2018 |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=23 February 2019 |website=www.bbfc.co.uk}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|48 [[crore]]}}{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}
}}

'''''Devadas''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]] produced by [[C. Aswani Dutt|C. Ashwini Dutt]] under the banner of [[Vyjayanthi Movies]] and directed by [[Sriram Adittya]]. The film stars [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Aakanksha Singh]], and [[Rashmika Mandanna]]. It has music composed by [[Mani Sharma]]. The plot of the film is inspired from the Malayalam film ''[[Bhargavacharitham Moonam Khandam]]'' (2006), which takes inspiration from the 1999 film ''[[Analyze This]]''.

The film was theatrically released on 27 September 2018 and underperformed at the box office despite the positive reception.

== Plot ==
M. K. Das is a [[Master of Surgery|M. S.]] holder, who joins ''Medimax'', a corporate hospital in [[Hyderabad]], as one of the surgeons designated to work in the mortuary. Four days later, he attends to a patient whose medication was prescribed by his senior, Dr. Bharadwaj. Noticing improper medication, Das asks for a change in prescription without prior approval from Bharadwaj. Though the patient recovers, Bharadwaj fires Das from the job on the grounds of unprofessional behavior due to ego. With no option left, Das starts a clinic in his locality at the dilapidated ''Shantabhai Memorial Charity Hospital''. Meanwhile, the cops are searching for a crime boss named Deva, whose identity is unknown. Deva returns to Hyderabad after the death of his mentor and foster father, Dada, who was killed by his rival, David.

Dada's son Ajay helped David in the murder and earned Deva's ire. One day, Deva is injured in a shootout between his gang and the cops and escapes from the scene, hiding his identity successfully, where he enters Shantabhai Memorial Charity Hospital, and Das treats him. Das later realizes that his patient is a crime boss, but chooses not to reveal his identity to avoid a breach of trust, which is part of Das's profession. Deva is impressed with Das's honesty and naivety and befriends him by calling him "Gold" (mocking the gold medal he won for being a university topper in M. S.). Deva and his men renovate the clinic, and the inflow of patients increases. As Das gets busy as a practicing physician, he is equally baffled by the number of gangsters and criminals surrounding him daily.

Das also falls in love with Pooja, unaware that she is an undercover cop working on Deva's case. Meanwhile, Deva reveals that he had feelings for Jahnvi, a [[journalist]], which were never communicated. As Das attempts to bring Deva and Jahnvi together (by posing him as a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI officer]]), Deva finds himself more "humanized". In an attempt to arrest Deva, Pooja asks Das to bring him to a meeting at a restaurant for dinner. As Pooja waits there along with the cops, Deva learns Ajay's whereabouts and kills him. Das witnesses the murder and questions Deva's lack of humanity, and leaves, rejoining Medimax after promising to organize a successful organ donation camp. Deva is left heartbroken due to the rift caused by his friendship, and meets a child at a party, who is aware of his identity.

The child asks Deva to scare death as he is dying soon due to [[blood cancer]]. Deva arranges for his treatment, but the child dies. With Deva's help, the organ donation camp at Medimax turns successful, which brings a change in Bharadwaj's opinion on Das. The child's death depresses Deva, who calls Jahnvi to arrange a [[Live television|live telecast]] and reveals his identity as the crime boss for whom the cops are searching, and credits Das for providing a change in him. However, he receives a call from David, who kidnapped Das, and asks him to meet in private for one last time. Deva arrives at David's place, and the cops follow them. In the shootout that ensues, Deva sustains near−fatal injuries. With the help of Bharadwaj, Das, and two other surgeons fake Deva's death. Deva and Das enjoy a holiday on a [[Cruise ship|cruise]] along with Jahnvi and Pooja.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Nagarjuna (actor) |Nagarjuna]] as Deva
*[[Nani (actor)|Nani]] as Dr. M. K Das MBBS
*[[Rashmika Mandanna]] as *Inspector Pooja
*[[Aakanksha Singh]] as Reporter Jahnavi
*[[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] as Dada, Deva's foster father (guest appearance)
*[[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]] as David
*[[Naveen Chandra]] as Ajay, Dada's son
*[[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] as Mohan, Das's brother
*[[Satya Krishnan]] as Das's sister-in-law
*[[Murali Sharma]] as Police Officer Murali Sharma
*[[Rao Ramesh]] as Dr. Bharadwaj
*[[Vennela Kishore]] as Dr. Kuchipudi, a psychiatrist
*[[Srinivas Avasarala]] as Rajan, Deva's personal assistant
*[[Manobala]] as Tata Rao, Pooja's assistant
*[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]] as Fishfry Lakshmi
*[[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as Pooja's father
*[[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Deva's henchman
*[[Prudhvi Raj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]] as Jahnavi's manager
*[[Raghu Karumanchi]] as Local Rowdy Ramayya
*[[Prabhas Sreenu]] as Seenu, David's henchmen
*[[Sameer Hasan|Sameer]] as Doctor
*[[Uttej]] as Raju, Seetharamayya's driver
*[[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Jacket, Das's clinic compounder
*[[Sampoornesh Babu]] as Actor (cameo appearance)
*[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] as Medimax Hospital Chairman Seetharamayya (cameo appearance)
{{colend}}

==Production==
Devdas was the first film to be shot in [[Hyderabad Metro]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=Nani- Akkineni Nagarjuna starrer is the first film to be shot in Hyderabad Metro |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/nani-akkineni-nagarjuna-starrer-is-the-first-film-to-be-shot-in-hyderabad-metro/story-BOKNlmq4ZOR81qChTmrxvI.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2018 |title=Nagarjuna-Nani starrer becomes first film to shoot in Hyd metro |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nagarjuna-nani-starrer-becomes-first-film-shoot-hyd-metro-78753}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film's music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]] and on Aditya Music label. The Audio launch was held on 21 September 2018, on [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]'s birthday.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[Sify]] termed the album ''lackluster'', stating that although "Vaaru Veeru", "Chettu Kinda Doctor", and "Emo Emo" were good songs, the rest were lacking when it came to Mani Sharma's expectations.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Devadas Music Review: Lacklustre album |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/devadas-music-review-lacklustre-album-news-telugu-sjynlcdedfaih.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052405/http://www.sify.com/movies/devadas-music-review-lacklustre-album-news-telugu-sjynlcdedfaih.html |archive-date=31 October 2018 |access-date=2018-10-30 |work=Sify |language=en |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Devadas
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Film date|2018|09|21|df=y}}
| recorded = 2018
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 29:16
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Mani Sharma]]
| prev_title = Ee Maya Peremito
| prev_year = 2018
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| total_length = 29:16
| headline = Track-List
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Vaaru Veeru
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]], Anjana Sowmya
| length1 = 4:26

| title2 = Chettu Kinda Doctor
| lyrics2 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra2 = [[Padmalatha]]
| length2 = 5:10

| title3 = Laka Laka Lakumikara
| lyrics3 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra3 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]], Sri Krishna
| length3 = 4:53

| title4 = Hey Babu
| lyrics4 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Ramya Behara]]
| length4 = 5:00

| title5 = Emo Emo
| lyrics5 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra5 = [[Sid Sriram]], [[Ramya Behara]]
| length5 = 4:26

| title6 = Manasedo Vethukuthu Undi
| lyrics6 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra6 = [[Yazin Nizar]], [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| length6 = 5:21
}}

==Release==
''Devadas'' was released on 27 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nagaruna and Nani-starrer Devadasu gets a release date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nagaruna-and-nani-starrer-devadasu-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/64960783.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828101427/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nagaruna-and-nani-starrer-devadasu-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/64960783.cms |archive-date=28 August 2018 |access-date=2018-09-17 |work=The Times of India |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is dubbed in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] under the same title and in Hindi as ''Don Aur Doctor'' by [[Zee Studios]] in November 2019.<ref>{{Citation |title=ZEE Cinema - Miliye superstars Nagarjuna aur Nani se jo... {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/ZeeCinemaChannel/posts/2553593818069209 |access-date=2019-11-06 |language=en}}</ref> The Hindi dubbed version was available in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |title=فیلم سینمایی "دکتر دون اور" از شبکه نمایش روی آنتن می رود |url=https://khabarfarsi.com/u/185969275 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=KhabarFarsi.com |language=fa}}</ref>

==Critical reception ==
''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars and said, "''Devadas'' certainly has its moments with some cracking humour and solid performances by its two stars. A tad too long, with some avoidable melodrama and a weak climax, proves to be troublesome, but it doesn't take it away from a hilarious first half which makes it worth your while. If you're somebody who enjoys Nani's brand of humour - ''Devadas'' is a must-watch."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Devadas Movie Review {3.5/5}: The Deva and Das show is thoroughly entertaining |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/devadas/movie-review/65977659.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116102931/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/devadas/movie-review/65977659.cms |archive-date=16 January 2019 |access-date=23 February 2019 |work=The Times of India |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "All this leaves you wishing that the director, for a brief moment, had realised the pot of gold he had at his disposal. It displays a certain brash level of amateurishness if your actual comedians in the movie, the sidekicks, almost get as much screen time as your protagonists. Food for thought! So, if you want to watch a comedy featuring Nani, watch it. Don’t watch if you are hoping for an ‘action’ comedy."<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2018 |title=Devadas review |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/devadas-review-nagarjuna-nani-film-funny-not-nuanced-enough-89065 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220623/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/devadas-review-nagarjuna-nani-film-funny-not-nuanced-enough-89065 |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=11 November 2018 |website=www.thenewsminute.com |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

''[[Sify]]'' gave the film three stars and stated that "''DevaDas'' has a not-so-engaging story. But the comedy works very well in the first half. The second half falters with many dull moments. A violent don becoming a good man is an oversimplification. Nice technical output needs a pat."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review : DevaDas Review: An interesting first-half (2018) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/devadas-review-an-interesting-first-half-review-telugu-sj1r2efjffjab.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213092239/http://www.sify.com/movies/devadas-review-an-interesting-first-half-review-telugu-sj1r2efjffjab.html |archive-date=13 February 2019 |access-date=23 February 2019 |website=[[Sify]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' criticized the film for poorly etched characters and wrote, "Despite all this, if ''Devadas'' holds attention, it’s because Sriram Adittya knows how to utilise its two leading actors and serve up plenty of fun moments. In the end, he gets Deva and Das to look at life from each other’s perspectives with some melodrama."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=27 September 2018 |title='Devadas' review: The N factor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devadas-review-spotlight-on-the-bromance-between-nagarjuna-and-nani/article25057460.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180928055516/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devadas-review-spotlight-on-the-bromance-between-nagarjuna-and-nani/article25057460.ece |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=23 February 2019 |work=The Hindu |df=dmy-all |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave the film three stars and said that it was "Nag and Nani's show all the way".<ref>{{Cite web |last=kavirayani |first=suresh |date=30 September 2018 |title=Devadas movie review: It's Nag and Nani show completely |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/300918/devadas-movie-review-its-nag-and-nani-show-completely.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116094132/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/300918/devadas-movie-review-its-nag-and-nani-show-completely.html |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=23 February 2019 |website=Deccan Chronicle |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| 15 & 16 August 2019
| [[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu|Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu]]
| [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2019 |title=SIIMA Awards 2019: Here's a complete list of nominees |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-awards-2019-heres-a-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/70287216.cms |access-date=9 January 2020 |website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt8661814}}
{{Sriram Adittya}}

[[Category:2018 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:2018 action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sriram Adittya]]
[[Category:Vyjayanthi Movies films]]

Falguni Singhababu

2026-05-05T00:56:32Z

AlberthaPickard:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Taldangra Assembly constituency|Taldangra]]
| term_start = 23 November 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Arup Chakraborty (politician)|Arup Chakraborty]]
| successor = [[Souvik Patra]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
}}
'''Falguni Singhababu'''<ref name=":N18"/> aka Bali Falguni is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] since 2024, representing [[Taldangra Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref name=":N18">{{cite web |title=Taldangra Bypoll Election Result 2024 LIVE: Falguni Singhababu of TMC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/taldangra-bypoll-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130442.html |website=News18 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ananda |first1=A. B. P. |title=তালডাংরাতে ৩৪ হাজারের বেশি ভোটে জয়ী TMC প্রার্থী ফাল্গুনী সিংহবাবু, 'RGকরটা ভালভাবে নেয়নি মানুষ |url=https://www.bengali.abplive.com/district/wb-by-election-2024-taldangra-tmc-candidate-falguni-singhababu-wins-by-huge-vote-1107136/amp |website=bengali.abplive.com |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=bn |date=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Sulagna |title=TMC secures all six constituencies in the Bengal bypolls |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Nov/23/tmc-secures-all-six-constituencies-in-the-bengal-bypolls |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en |date=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Taldangra Assembly constituency 2024 By Poll Result">{{cite news |date=24 November 2024 |title=Taldangra Assembly constituency 2024 By Poll Result |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S25251.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725145800/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S25251.htm |archivedate=25 July 2025 |accessdate=25 July 2025 |work= |publisher=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]] |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal]]
* [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singhababu, Falguni}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:People from Bankura district]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Shahab Nama

2026-04-30T06:02:09Z

AlberthaPickard: stub!

{{Short description|Urdu autobiography by Qudrat Ullah Shahab}}
{{Distinguish|Shahnameh}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date = August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Shahab Nama
| title_orig = {{Nastaliq|شہاب نامہ}}
| image = Shahab Nama.jpeg
| caption = Front cover
| author = [[Qudrat Ullah Shahab]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = Pakistan
| language = Urdu
| series =
| genre =
| publisher = [[Sang-e-Meel Publications]]
| publication date =
| media_type = Print
| pages = 1248
| isbn =
| genres = {{hlist|Autobiography|History}}
| border = yes
| orig_lang_code = ur
| award =
| pub_date = 1987
| oclc = 59070285
| set_in = 20th century [[British India]] and [[Pakistan]]
}}

'''''Shahab Nama''''' ({{Langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|شہاب نامہ}}|lit=''Book of Shahab''}}; {{IPA|ur|ʃə'ɦaːb naːma|pron}}) is an Urdu autobiography by renowned Pakistani writer, civil servant and diplomat [[Qudrat Ullah Shahab]]. It is an eyewitness account of the background of [[Indian subcontinent|the subcontinent]]'s Muslims' [[Independence movement of Pakistan|independence movement]] and of the demand, establishment and history of Pakistan. The 1,248-page book was published posthumously in 1987, shortly after Shahab's death. It is his most notable publication and a bestselling Urdu autobiography.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 July 2013|title=Mystic, writer, civil servant: Qudrat Ullah Shahab remembered|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/579856/mystic-writer-civil-servant-qudrat-ullah-shahab-remembered|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2020|title=Qudrat Ullah Shahab's death anniversary being observed today|url=https://www.bolnews.com/pakistan/2020/07/pakistan-remembers-eminent-urdu-writer-qudrat-ullah-shahab/|access-date=31 July 2020|website=BOL News|language=en-US}}</ref>

It covers his childhood, education, work life, admission to [[Imperial Civil Service]], thoughts about Pakistan and his religious and spiritual experiences.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mujtaba|first=Fatima|date=13 June 2013|title=The might of the metaphor|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1017942|access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref> [[Mushfiq Khwaja]], a close friend of Shahab, was one of those who criticised the book for its exaggerations, inaccuracies and stretched truths.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Parekh|first=Rauf|date=26 March 2014|title=The 10 best Urdu autobiographies|url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/13-books/10184-the-10-best-urdu-autobiographies/|access-date=13 February 2021|website=The Milli Gazette|language=en}}</ref> Considering Shahab's reputation as a man of integrity and a [[Sufism|Sufi]], [[Dawn (newspaper)|''Dawn'']] wrote that "he mainly told the truth but there were things that he stretched."<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 July 2009|title=Shahabnama, its creator and critics|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/970096/shahabnama-its-creator-and-critics|access-date=31 July 2020|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Aangan (novel)|''Aangan'' (novel)]]
* [[Bano Qudsia]]
* [[Mumtaz Mufti]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://goodreads.com/en/book/show/2794815-shahabnama ''Shahab Nama''] at [[Goodreads]]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pakistani autobiographies]]
[[Category:Urdu-language non-fiction literature]]
[[Category:1987 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Urdu-language books]]
[[Category:Sang-e-Meel Publications books]]
[[Category:Urdu-language literature]]

Kakarla Suresh

2026-04-25T03:33:48Z

AlberthaPickard: creating basic post basic info.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kakarla Suresh
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2024
| predecessor = [[Mekapati Chandrashekhar Reddy]]
| constituency = [[Udayagiri Assembly constituency|Udayagiri]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| birth_date =
| image =
}}
'''Kakarla Suresh''' (born 1971) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is an MLA from [[Udayagiri Assembly constituency]] in [[Nellore district]]. He represents [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] where TDP had an alliance with BJP and JSP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakarla Suresh, TDP Candidate from Udayagiri Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/andhra-pradesh/kakarla-suresh-assembly-candidate-s01aed2008a123e2024c001/ |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Udayagiri Constituency Election Results 2024: Udayagiri Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/udayagiri |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Suresh is from Udayagiri. His father's name is Kakarla Venkata Subbaiah Naidu. Both Suresh and his wife are employed in software companies.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kakarla Suresh(TDP):Constituency- UDAYAGIRI(NELLORE) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/AndhraPradesh2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=241 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He completed his Bachelor of Technology from [[Acharya Nagarjuna University]], [[Guntur Kaaram|Guntur]] in 1993. <ref name=":1" />

== Political career ==
Suresh won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Udayagiri Assembly constituency]] representing [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He polled 101,537 votes and defeated Mekapati Rajagopal Reddy of [[YSR Congress Party]] by a margin of 9,621 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Udayagiri Assembly Election Results 2024: Udayagiri Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/udayagiri-constituency-result-1123 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suresh, Kakarla}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nellore district]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]

Karthikeya 2

2026-04-21T23:55:54Z

AlberthaPickard: creating first data basic info.

{{short description|2022 Telugu-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Karthikeya 2
| image = Karthikeya 2 Poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Chandoo Mondeti]]
| writer = Chandoo Mondeti Manibabu Karanam
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogue by
| data1 = {{ubl|Manibabu Karanam}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/videos/ott/karthikeya-2-hindi-zee5-official-trailer-hd/ | title=Karthikeya 2 (Hindi) | ZEE5 Official Trailer - HD - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref>}}
| producer = {{unbulleted list
|Abhishek Agarwal<ref>{{Cite web|title= Karthikeya 2: Gujarat CM Bhupendra Patel appreciates film, poses with Nikhil Siddhartha, producer Abhishek Agarwal|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karthikeya-2-gujarat-cm-bhupendra-patel-appreciates-film-poses-with-nikhil-siddhartha-abhishek-agarwal-2981031|access-date=2022-08-30|website= dnaindia.com}}</ref>
|T. G. Viswa Prasad}}
| starring = {{unbulleted list
|[[Nikhil Siddhartha]]
|[[Anupama Parameswaran]]
|[[Anupam Kher]]
|[[Adithya Menon]]}}
| cinematography = [[Karthik Gattamneni]]
| editing = Karthik Gattamneni
| music = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| studio = {{unbulleted list
|Abhishek Agarwal Arts
|People Media Factory}}
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]] E4 Entertainment ([[Kerala]])
| released = {{Film date|2022|08|13|df=y}}
| runtime = 145 minutes<ref name="pv">{{cite web|title=Karthikeya 2 Movie Review: This mystical adventure engages despite its shortcomings|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/karthikeya-2-movie-review-mystical-adventure-engages-despite-its-shortcomings-1176167?amp|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|date=13 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=27 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527043323/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/karthikeya-2-movie-review-mystical-adventure-engages-despite-its-shortcomings-1176167?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecinepramaan.gov.in/cbfc/?a=Certificate_Detail&i=100070292200000747|title=Certificate Detail|website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|15}} crore{{efn|name="budget"}}
| gross = {{INR|121.50}} crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=Year Ender 2022: RRR సహా 2022లో టాలీవుడ్ బాక్సాఫీస్ దగ్గర హిట్టైన చిత్రాలు ఇవే.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/year-ender-2022-tollywood-box-office-hit-films-report-bangarraju-dj-tillu-rrr-kgf-2-major-dhamaka-hit-2-bimbisara-karthikeya2-movies-got-success-ta-1559562-page-13.html |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=[[News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
}}

'''''Karthikeya 2''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Mystery film|mystery]] [[action-adventure film]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Telugu film 'Karthikeya 2' shows 300% growth across North India |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/telugu-film-karthikeya-2-shows-300-growth-across-north-india/articleshow/93616265.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-08-25 |quote=It is a mystery adventure saga, which delves into the story of Shri Krishna.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/karthikeya-2-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda2odg3|title=Karthikeya 2|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|quote=KARTHIKEYA 2 is a Telugu language action adventure sequel in which an intrepid doctor joins a quest to locate a sacred anklet.}}</ref> written and directed by [[Chandoo Mondeti]]. A sequel to the 2014 film ''[[Karthikeya (film)|Karthikeya]]'', it stars [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] and [[Anupama Parameswaran]]. The film is produced by Abhishek Agarwal.<ref>{{Cite web|title= 'Lucky Charm' producer Abhishek Agarwal talks about his SLEEPER SUCCESSES, The Kashmir Files and Karthikeya 2; says, "I believe in being the underdog. We don't agree with the idea of releasing our film in 5000 screens"|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-lucky-charm-producer-abhishek-agarwal-talks-sleeper-successes-kashmir-files-karthikeya-2-says-believe-underdog-don/|access-date=2022-09-01|website= [[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=September 2022 }}</ref> and People Media Factory. The film is an inspiration of the 1981 American film [[Raiders of the Lost Ark|''Indiana Jones: Raiders of the Lost Ark'']].<ref name=":3">{{cite news |title=How Nikhil Siddhartha’s Karthikeya 2 turned into a desi Indiana Jones adventure |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/how-nikhil-siddharthas-karthikeya-2-turned-into-a-desi-indiana-jones-adventure-1980590-2022-07-28 |website=[[India Today]] |date=28 July 2022 |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref> The story follows Karthikeya ([[Nikhil Siddhartha|Nikhil]]) as he embarks on a thrilling adventure to uncover the secrets behind an ancient idol of Lord Krishna. With historical puzzles, cryptic clues, and mythical challenges, Karthikeya races against time to protect the artifact from falling into the wrong hands, revealing profound truths about faith, devotion, and courage.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/karthikeya-2-our-film-is-about-an-indian-superhero-lord-krishna-is-biggest-superhero-l-exclusive-tollywood-news-5581227/ |title=Karthikeya 2: Our film is about an Indian superhero, Lord Krishna is the biggest superhero |website=[[India.com]] |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref>

It was a major commercial success, emerging as one of the highest-grossing Telugu films of 2022, and was widely praised for its engaging screenplay, visual effects, and strong performances. [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] and [[Anupama Parameswaran]] received critical acclaim for their roles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/karthikeya-2-movie-review.html |title=Karthikeya 2 Movie Review: Nikhil Siddhartha shines in this mythological thriller |website=123Telugu |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref> The film’s soundtrack by [[Kaala Bhairava]] was also well received, adding to the immersive experience of the movie.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/karthikeya-2-music-review-770847 |title=Karthikeya 2 Music Review: Kaala Bhairava delivers a soul-stirring score |website=The Hans India |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref>

Shot across picturesque locations in India, including [[Mysore]] and [[Udaipur]], the film blended historical accuracy with cinematic grandeur. Its success led to discussions of expanding the Karthikeya franchise, with audiences eagerly anticipating the next installment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tollywood.net/karthikeya-2-box-office-records/ |title=Karthikeya 2 Box Office Records: Nikhil’s blockbuster adventure |website=Tollywood.net |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref>

The film was officially launched in March 2020. Filming took place in India, predominantly in [[Gujarat]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]], in addition to [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], and [[Greece]] in [[Europe]] from February 2021 to March 2022. Made on a budget of {{INR|15}} [[crore]],{{efn|Actor Nikhil Siddhartha mentioned the official budget as {{INR|15}} [[crore]] in an interview with ''[[Dainik Jagran]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=इतनी सफलता पाने की उम्मीद नहीं थी |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/deepeshpande4/status/1562843796143894528 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi |via=[[Twitter]] |quote=यह पूरी फिल्म सिर्फ 15 करोड़ रुपये के बजट में बनी है।}}</ref> However, independent estimates of the budget vary. ''[[Eenadu]]'' and ''[[MensXP]]'' reported the budget as {{INR|15}} crore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 కృష్ణతత్వం వర్కౌట్ అయింది నార్త్ కు నచ్చేసింది |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/karthikeya-2-box-office-collection/0205/122156810 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te |date=16 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=While Bollywood Suffers, Telugu Cinema Gets Back On Track With 'Karthikeya 2' & 'Sita Ramam' |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/regional/114696-karthikeya-2-sita-ramam-telugu-cinema-success-vs-bollywood-flops-laal-singh-chaddha-raksha-bandhan.html |website=[[MensXP]] |date=17 August 2022 |quote=the mythological-fantasy film was made on a budget of Rs 15 crore}}</ref> ''[[Times of India]]'' reported the budget as ₹15–20 crore,<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2022 |title=Content, guerrilla marketing helped, says Nikhil Siddhartha on 'Kartikeya 2' success |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/content-guerrilla-marketing-helped-says-nikhil-siddhartha-on-kartikeya-2-success/articleshow/93882299.cms |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |quote=Made on a modest budget of Rs 15-20 crore .....}}</ref> while ''[[News 18]]'', ''[[India Today]]'', and ''[[DNA India]]'' stated it as {{INR|30}} crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-16 |title=Nikhil-Starrer Karthikeya 2 Gets Decent Start at Box Office, Collects Rs 4 Cr |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/nikhil-starrer-karthikeya-2-gets-decent-start-at-box-office-collects-rs-4-cr-5762317.html |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=[[News 18]] |language=en |quote=Karthikeya 2 was made at a budget of Rs.30 crore.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Karthikeya 2 beats Laal Singh Chaddha! Nikhil Siddhartha's film crushes Aamir Khan-starrer's business
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/karthikeya-2-beats-laal-singh-chaddha-nikhil-siddhartha-s-film-crushes-aamir-khan-starrer-s-business-1989993-2022-08-19#:~:text=Made%20on%20a%20budget%20of,21.62%20crore%20on%20Day%204.|website=[[India Today]]| date=19 August 2022 |access-date=20 August 2022|quote= Made on a budget of Rs 30 crore, Karthikeya 2 has been successful ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Karthikeya 2 gives tough competition to Laal Singh Chaddha, Raksha Bandhan, shows 300% growth in North India|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karthikeya-2-gives-tough-competition-to-laal-singh-chaddha-raksha-bandhan-shows-300-growth-in-north-india-2976906/amp|website=[[DNA India]]|access-date=16 August 2022|quote=Reportedly, the film is made on Rs 30 crores budget.}}</ref>|name="budget"}} ''Karthikeya 2'' was released on 13 August 2022 to positive reviews from critics and emerged as a [[sleeper hit]], in both Telugu and Hindi, becoming the 6th [[List of Telugu films of 2022#Box office collection|highest-grossing Telugu films of 2022]]. It won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]] at the [[70th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/70th-national-film-awards-full-winners-list-aataam-rishabh-shetty-kgf-2-9517350/|title=70th National Film Awards full winners list: Aattam wins Best Film, Rishab Shetty is Best Actor, KGF 2 and Kantara bag top honours|date=16 August 2024}}</ref> It also won the state Gaddar Award for Second Best Feature Film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/gaddar-telangana-film-awards-adivi-sesh-thanks-telangana-government-for-honouring-major-expresses-gratitude-to-mahesh-babu-article-151755732|title=Gaddar Telangana Film Awards: Adivi Sesh Thanks Telangana Government For Honouring Major, Expresses Gratitude To Mahesh Babu|date=May 30, 2025|website=Times Now}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{plot|date=May 2025}} 
Ranganath Rao, an archaeologist and professor, visits a library in Greece, and through a book written by Ptolemy, he discovers that Shri Krishna, before the end of Dwapara Yuga, entrusted his friend and counselor Uddhava with his anklet, which is equipped with all the solutions for deadly problems that humans are going to face in the succeeding Kali Yuga.

In Hyderabad, Karthikeya "Karthik", now a doctor who believes in science and logic, is suspended for slapping a Mayor, who had attempted to perform a Yagna in the ICU for his son. At the same time, his father fractures his leg, and an ox hits the plant of Tulasi in front of their house. Considering all the inauspicious occurrences, Karthik's mother believes that her family is being punished for not being able to fulfil a vow made to Shri Krishna, a few years ago. Therefore, Karthik takes her to Dwarka, where his uncle Sadananda, an ardent devotee of Shri Krishna, lives. One night, Karthik crosses paths with a mortally wounded Ranganath Rao, who tries to tell him something. When Karthik leaves to fetch an auto rickshaw to take him to the hospital and returns, he fails to find Rao. The following day, Karthik's mother goes missing, and he searches for her with his uncle. He is arrested by the Police, who accuse him of murder and ask him what Rao had told him. When Karthik tells them that he was not able to interpret his words, the Police refuse to believe him. A girl, Mugdha, revealed to be Rao's granddaughter, rescues Karthik from Police custody. A mysterious man attacks Karthik, but stops when he sees the idol of Shri Krishna.

Karthik, Mugdha, and Sadananda visit a sage to find out about the man and learn that he belongs to the clan of Abheeras, an exiled community who resorted to dacoity but worshipped Shri Krishna. They wouldn't let the people who try to hinder Krishna's belongings live. Karthik finds his mother and is determined to solve the mystery; he advises her to be safe at an 11-day-long Pravachan. They visit Rao's office in Bet Dwarka and read a letter written by him. Rao had found that the anklet was hidden by Uddhava, who left behind clues to reach it, as the right person is destined to get it. For centuries, several people had tried to find the anklet, but to no avail. Pallava King Suryavarman reached the closest and told the penultimate clue to Ptolemy, who hid the object with a clue in Krishna Thatakam, which Rao was trying to utter when he met Karthik. Santanu, a professor in search of the anklet, kills Rao with evil intentions and is the one responsible for Karthik's arrest. Karthik finds a peacock-shaped object in Krishna Thatakam, and Mugdha decodes the Sanskrit inscription written on it, which leads them to Govardhan Hill. The trio hires Suleman to take them to Govardhana Hill, Mathura, without being caught by the Police. Upon arriving there, they are apprehended by villagers, who are greedy for the prize money announced by Santanu for Karthik and Mugdha. They manage to convince the villagers of their objectives and climb the hill to find an entrance, which they open using the peacock-shaped object, and retrieve a telescope from it.

The next morning, Mugdha escapes with the telescope, leaving Karthik, Sadananda, and Suleman. Santanu apprehends the trio and leaves them in the desert to die, but Mugdha arrives and rescues them, revealing that she had gone to her friend to find a person who would help them solve the mystery. Together, the four leave for Himachal Pradesh to meet a blind philosopher, Dr. Dhanvantari, who explains that Rao and Santanu were a part of a secret society, beandhat ancient India is far more advanced in technology than the modern world. When Santanu proposed to use the anklet for selfish reasons, Rao objected. Fate let Rao choose Karthik to carry his aim forward. Dhanvantari also explains that Krishna should be considered as a human rather than God, who was an extraordinary engineer for building his palace in the midst of the sea, a kinetic engineer for controlling the Sudarshana Chakra, a doctor for knowing all the Ayurvedic treatment methods, a musician for being talented in playing flute, which helped as a music therapy, and much more. Dhanvantari further reveals that the anklet is rumoured to contain advanced medical knowledge that can save humans from many diseases.

While returning, they are surrounded by the Police, and therefore, Karthik travels on the truck through a frozen river that begins to break. They manage to escape being drowned but are ambushed by an Abheera, who is forced to practice peace for 24 hours due to Krishna Paksha. Karthik observes the constellations on a hill, and the next clue leads them through the telescope; they find the final location. They reach the final location, but the Abheera tries to kill them. However, Karthik fights back and joins the telescope and peacock-shaped object forming the structure of a flute, which he places in the hand of Shri Krishna's idol situated at the place. Therefore, the entry to the underground hallway filled with snakes, which protects the anklet, is opened. Karthik uses his abilities to communicate with the snake to reach the anklet and wins nationwide fame. The secret knowledge inscribed on the anklet helps advance medical progress. Then, after seeing his achievement, Santanu invites Karthik into their secret society by using the anklet to rule the world, but Karthik declines the invitation and leaves. Later, the Abheeras surrender to Karthik while Santanu is brutally killed by them.

Subsequently, Karthik embarks on a new mission to unfold the link between Krishna and the deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The ending shot shows a submerged city where there are skeletons of humans trying to reach a mysterious door.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] as Dr.Karthikeya Kumaraswamy "Karthik"
* [[Anupama Parameswaran]] as Mugdha
* [[Anupam Kher]] as Dr. Dhanvanthri Vedpathak (Cameo)
* [[Adithya Menon]] as Dr. Santanu Mukherjee
* [[Rathika Rose]] as Dr. Santanu follower
* K. S. Sridhar as Professor Ranganatha Rao
* [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Sadananda, Karthik's big brother
* [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Satya, Karthik's friend
* [[Praveen (Actor)|Praveen]] as Ravi, Karthik's friend
* [[Harsha Chemudu]] as Suleman
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]] as Karthik's mother
* Venkatesh Mummudi as Abheera
* Appaji Ambarisha Darbha as Daivagna Sharma
* Paran Murmu as Paran
}}

== Production ==
The sequel to [[Karthikeya (film)|''Karthikeya'']] was announced in October 2017 by [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] through [[Twitter]] saying that it would commence from the end of 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=24 October 2017 |title=Nikhil Siddhartha says the script of the sequel to Chandoo Mondeti's 'Karthikeya' is 'loading' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nikhil-siddartha-says-the-script-of-the-sequel-to-chandoo-mondetis-karthikeya-is-loading/articleshow/61205125.cms |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> However, due to delays from his previous film ''[[Arjun Suravaram]]'', the film was officially launched in March 2020 in [[Tirupati]] with a [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2020 |title=Karthikeya 2: Nikhil Siddharth's film to on floors from this date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/karthikeya-2-nikhil-siddharths-film-to-on-floors-from-this-date/articleshow/74387364.cms |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2020 |title=Sequel to Nikhil Siddhart's Karthikeya goes on floors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sequel-to-nikhil-siddharts-karthikeya-goes-on-floors/articleshow/74436823.cms |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2020-03-04 |title=Karthikeya 2 launched |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/theatre/040320/karthikeya-2-launched.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

Principal photography commenced in February 2021 and was shot in [[Gujarat]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chandoo Mondeti's Karthikeya 2 with Nikhil Siddhartha to commence shoot soon - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/chandoo-mondetis-karthikeya-2-with-nikhil-siddhartha-to-commence-shoot-soon/articleshow/80769652.cms |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-02 |title=Karthikeya 2 remains unaffected by COVID-19 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/020921/karthikeya-2-remains-unaffected-by-covid-19.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> However, in March 2021 filming was stalled due to Nikhil suffering a leg injury.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Video: Nikhil Siddhartha gets injured on the sets of ''Karthikeya 2'' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/video-nikhil-siddhartha-gets-injured-on-the-sets-of-karthikeya-2/articleshow/81432551.cms |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Filming then resumed in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=2021-04-26 |title=Karthikeya 2 unit braves snowstorm |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/260421/karthikeya-2-unit-braves-snowstorm.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> In March 2022, the makers travelled to [[Spain]], [[Portugal]] and [[Greece]] for the final schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nikhil Karthikeya 2 Shooting: నిఖిల్ 'కార్తికేయ 2' షూటింగ్‌పై మేజర్ అప్‌డేట్.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/here-the-major-and-interesting-update-on-nikhil-karthikeya-2-movie-shooting-pk-1245474.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=News18 Telugu |date=24 March 2022 |language=te}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Karthikeya 2
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2022|8|13}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=00|s=00}}
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = Zee Music Company
| producer = Kaala Bhairava
| prev_title = [[Modern Love Hyderabad]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Dongalunnaru Jaagratha]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|blvErdS-IEo|Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}
The [[film score]] and [[soundtrack album]] of the film is composed by [[Kaala Bhairava]]. The music rights were acquired by [[Zee Music Company]]. The full soundtrack album was released on 31 August 2022, while the Hindi version was released on 7 September 2022.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Nannu Nenu Adiga
| length1 = 3:39
| lyrics1 = Krishna Madineni
| extra1 = [[Inno Genga]]
| title2 = Krishna Trance
| note2 = Backing vocals: Hymath Mohammed, Sai Charan, Lokeshwar, Aditya Iyengar, Pvns Rohit, Prudhvi Chandra, Akhil Chandra, Sahithi Chaganti, Sri Sowmya, Snigdha Sharma, Gomathi Iyer
| length2 = 2:58
| lyrics2 = Chaitanya Prasad
| extra2 = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| title3 = Prathi Udhayam
| lyrics3 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra3 = Kaala Bhairava
}}
== Release ==
===Theatrical===
''Karthikeya 2'' was released on 13 August 2022 in Telugu along with dubbed version in [[Hindi]]. In April 2022, it was announced that the film was going to release on 22 July 2022 but was later postponed to 12 August 2022 in order to avoid a clash with ''[[Thank You (2022 film)|Thank You]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=REVEALED: The release date for Nikhil Siddhartha and Anupama Parameswaran's Karthikeya 2 is out! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/revealed-the-release-date-for-nikhil-siddhartha-and-anupama-parameswarans-karthikeya-2-is-out/articleshow/90804014.cms |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-12 |title=Nikhil Siddhartha's Karthikeya 2 Release Date Out |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/nikhil-siddharthas-karthikeya-2-release-date-out-4969111.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> It was later pushed back a day due to avoid a clash with another Telugu film, ''[[Macherla Niyojakavargam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 averts clash with Macherla Niyojikavargam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/aug/03/karthikeya-2-averts-clash-with-macherla-niyojikavargam-33393.html |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=3 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Sakshi (newspaper)|''Sakshi'']] reported that the worldwide theatrical rights of the film were sold at a cost of {{INR|17.25 crore}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-14 |title=బాక్సాఫీస్ ని షేక్ చేస్తున్న 'కార్తికేయ 2' .. ఫస్ట్‌డే కలెక్షన్స్‌ ఎంతంటే.. |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/karthikeya-2-movie-first-day-box-office-collection-details-1478374 |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref> [[Zee Studios]] acquired theatrical, satellite and [[digital distribution]] rights of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karthikeya 2: Post-theatrical digital and satellite rights of Nikhil and Anupama Parameswaran's film sold for Rs 20 crore? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/karthikeya-2-post-theatrical-digital-and-satellite-rights-of-nikhil-and-anupama-parameswarans-film-sold-for-rs-20-crore/articleshow/85920702.cms |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Theatrical rights of the film were sold for {{INR|12.80 crore}}.

The Malayalam dubbed version of the film was released on 23 September 2022 in theatres across [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-09 |title=Nikhil Siddhartha and Anupama Parameswaran's Kartikeya 2 to release in Malayalam on THIS date |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/nikhil-siddhartha-and-anupama-parameswarans-kartikeya-2-to-release-in-malayalam-on-this-date-1189404 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909180614/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/nikhil-siddhartha-and-anupama-parameswarans-kartikeya-2-to-release-in-malayalam-on-this-date-1189404 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-09-09 |title=ബോളിവുഡിനെയും വിസ്‍മയിപ്പിച്ച 'കാര്‍ത്തികേയ 2' കേരളത്തിലേക്ക്, മലയാളം ട്രെയിലര്‍ പുറത്തുവിട്ടു |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/anupama-parameswaran-starrer-new-film-karthikeya-2-to-release-in-kerala-rhy0hs |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref>

===Home media===
The post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[ZEE5]] and was premiered on 5 October 2022 (coinciding with [[Vijayadashami]]) in Telugu, Tamil and Hindi languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=OTT releases this week: Raksha Bandhan, Maja Maa, Karthikeya 2 on Netflix, Amazon, Disney+ |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/ott-releases-this-week-raksha-bandhan-maja-maa-karthikeya-2-on-netflix-amazon-disney-71664891245064.html |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=HT Tech |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nikhil Siddhartha's Karthikeya 2 to stream on Zee5 from October 5 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/nikhil-siddhartha-s-karthikeya-2-to-stream-on-zee5-from-october-5-2006257-2022-09-29 |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=India Today|date=29 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> According to ZEE5, the film garnered more than 100 crore viewing minutes within the first 48 hours.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-11 |title=Nikhil Siddhartha's Karthikeya 2 gets massive views on Zee5, hits 100 crore viewing minutes in 48 hours |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/nikhil-siddharthas-karthikeya-2-gets-massive-views-on-zee5-hits-100-crore-viewing-minutes-in-48-hours-2284078-2022-10-11 |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-11 |title=Nikhil Siddhartha's Karthikeya 2 Goes Down In History Garnering 100 Crore Viewing Minutes In 48 Hours|url=https://www.koimoi.com/south-indian-cinema/nikhil-siddharthas-karthikeya-2-goes-down-in-history-garnering-100-crore-viewing-minutes-in-48-hours/|access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Koi Moi |language=en}}</ref>

== Inspiration ==
The ''Karthikeya'' franchise has drawn significant inspiration from the adventure-mystery genre popularized by [[Hollywood films]], particularly the ''[[Indiana Jones (franchise)|Indiana Jones]]'' series. Both Dr. Karthikeya Kumaraswamy (played by [[Nikhil Siddhartha]]) and Dr. Indiana Jones (played by [[Harrison Ford]]) are scholar-adventurers who uncover ancient secrets, navigate hidden temples, and solve complex mysteries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karthikeya 2: The Indiana Jones of Indian Cinema |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/karthikeya-2-review-indiana-jones-of-indian-cinema |website=[[Film Companion]] |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How Nikhil Siddhartha’s Karthikeya 2 turned into a desi Indiana Jones adventure |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/how-nikhil-siddharthas-karthikeya-2-turned-into-a-desi-indiana-jones-adventure-1980590-2022-07-28 |website=[[India Today]] |date=28 July 2022 |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref>

While ''Indiana Jones'' explores global archaeological myths rooted in Western history, ''Karthikeya'' adapts the archetype to the Indian cultural and mythological landscape, incorporating Hindu mythology, temple legends, and philosophical themes. Nikhil Siddhartha has described the film as “about an Indian superhero — Lord Krishna is the biggest superhero,” highlighting the series' emphasis on mythological inspiration alongside adventure.<ref>{{cite news |title=“Our film is about an Indian superhero: Lord Krishna is biggest superhero” (Exclusive Tollywood) |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/karthikeya-2-our-film-is-about-an-indian-superhero-lord-krishna-is-biggest-superhero-l-exclusive-tollywood-news-5581227/ |website=India.com |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref>

Unlike ''Indiana Jones'', the ''Karthikeya'' films blend scientific investigation with spiritual and mythological themes, offering a fusion of mystery, faith, and reason within an Indian context.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karthikeya 2 review: Nikhil Siddhartha shines in an Indian mythological thriller with shades of Indiana Jones |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karthikeya-2-movie-review/article65767554.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=13 August 2022 |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref>

==Reception==

=== Critical reception ===
''Karthikeya 2'' opened to highly positive reviews from critics and audience.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 2022 |title=Nikhil Siddhartha's Karthikeya 2 to get showcased on OTT soon. Check out when, where |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/buzz/nikhil-siddharthas-karthikeya-2-to-get-showcased-on-ott-soon-check-out-when-where/articleshow/93643872.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-08-21 |quote=The movie has received rave reviews from both audiences and critics. According to critics, the film has been described as an "engaging adventure" and an "adventure ride," which offers great content while being a visual treat.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 gives tough competition to Laal Singh Chaddha, Raksha Bandhan, shows 300% growth in North India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karthikeya-2-gives-tough-competition-to-laal-singh-chaddha-raksha-bandhan-shows-300-growth-in-north-india-2976906 |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en |quote=Karthikeya 2 has already won rave reviews, and now it's winning North India as well.}}</ref>

Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the Hindi version of the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and called it "an adventurous ride that's a grander and more exciting version of the first part."<ref>{{Citation |last=Roy |first=Dhaval |title=Karthikeya 2 Movie Review: An adventurous ride you need |date=13 August 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/karthikeya-2/movie-review/93538287.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2022-08-20}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and said, "''Karthikeya 2'' is a decent adventurous mystic thriller that works."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 Jeevi review - Telugu cinema review - Nikhil, Anupama Parameswaran |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/karthikeya2.html |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the Telugu version of the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Karthikeya 2'' remains a worthy successor to ''Karthikeya'' minus the over-the-top strong-arming of Nikhil's character by the end."<ref>{{cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 Movie Review: A worthy successor that takes the story forward |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/karthikeya-2/amp_movie_review/93538814.cms |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

A critic for ''[[Sakshi Post]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Karthikeya 2'' is a brilliant and stunning thriller."<ref>{{cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 Review, Rating: This Nikhil Movie is A Must Watch |url=https://menglish.sakshi.com/amp/news/tollywood/karthikeya-2-review-rating-159442 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=[[Sakshi Post]]|date=13 August 2022 }}</ref> Satya Pulagam of ''[[ABP Group|ABP Desam]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and noted, "The story of ''Karthikeya'' 2 isn't as good as the first part, but the screenplay of ''Karthikeya 2'' is gripping, especially the second half and the climax. Some of the scenes and the drama are extraordinary."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pulagam |first=Satya |date=2022-08-13 |title=కార్తికేయ 2 రివ్యూ : ద్వారకా నగరం - శ్రీకృష్ణుడు దాచిన రహస్యం - నిఖిల్ సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/karthikeya-2-movie-review-nikhil-anupama-parameswaran-chandoo-mondeti-s-supernatural-thriller-karthikeya-2-film-review-rating-in-telugu-46346 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[ABP Group|ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref> Grace Cyril of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Karthikeya 2 goes through various stages, but this journey could have been narrated in an easier manner."<ref>{{cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 Movie Review: The plot gets lost searching for Sri Krishna's anklet in this Nikhil Siddharth film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/karthikeya-2-movie-review-nikhil-siddharth-s-film-has-too-much-sri-krishna-references-but-where-s-the-story-1987557-2022-08-13 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=[[India Today]]|date=13 August 2022 }}</ref>

A critic for ''[[Eenadu]]'' praised the backdrop, screenplay, and Nikhil's performance and called it an entertaining new journey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 Review: రివ్యూ: కార్తికేయ-2 |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/nikhil-new-movie-karthikeya-2-review/0203/122154938 |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref> A critic for ''[[Andhra Jyothi]]'' called the film a 'spiritual thriller' and praised the director Chandoo Mondeti for giving the audience a new experience different from routine commercial films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-13 |title=Karthikeya 2 review :'కార్తికేయ 2' రివ్యూ |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/karthikeya-2-telugu-movie-review-krkk-mrgs-chitrajyothy-1822081302424953 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |language=te |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820114107/https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/karthikeya-2-telugu-movie-review-krkk-mrgs-chitrajyothy-1822081302424953 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Sangeetha Devi Dundoo opined that the premise is reminiscent of [[Ashwin Sanghi]]'s book ''[[The Krishna Key]]''. She further wrote, "Had the narrative been shorn of its preachy tone, ''Karthikeya 2'' would have been a riveting thriller."<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2022-08-13 |title='Karthikeya 2' movie review: A partly engaging thriller that gets too preachy |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karthikeya-2-movie-review-not-quite-the-riveting-thriller-it-aims-to-be/article65764705.ece |access-date=2022-08-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
On its opening day, ''Karthikeya 2'' collected a total gross of {{INRConvert|8.50|c}} worldwide with a [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]] of {{INRConvert|5.05|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-08-14 |title=స్క్రీన్లు తక్కువ, కలెక్షన్లు ఎక్కువ - తొలి రోజే 25 శాతం రికవరీ చేసిన 'కార్తికేయ 2'. |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/cinema/karthikeya-2-box-office-collection-day-1-nikhil-siddharth-anupama-parameswaran-chandoo-mondeti-s-karthikeya-2-collects-rs-8-50-crores-gross-worldwide-on-day-1-46560 |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref> The film grossed more than {{INRConvert|25|c}} at the worldwide box office in its opening weekend".<ref>{{cite web|title=Karthikeya 2 Day 3 Collections: Nikhil's Film Dominates Aamir Khan's Laal Singh Chaddha at Box Office|url=https://www.menglish.sakshi.com/amp/news/tollywood/karthikeya-2-day-3-collections-nikhils-film-dominates-aamir-khans-laal-singh-chaddha|website=[[Sakshi Post]]|access-date=16 August 2022}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The Hindi dubbed version of the film initially saw a limited theatrical release. However, due to public demand, number of shows were increased from 53 to 1575 within 5 days in [[North India]].<ref>{{cite news |date=17 August 2022 |title=Karthikeya 2 Hindi: Netizens demand Laal Singh Chaddha-Raksha Bandhan shows be replaced with Nikhil Siddhartha's film |work=[[Zee Media Corporation|DNA]] |publisher= |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karthikeya-2-hindi-netizens-demand-laal-singh-chaddha-raksha-bandhan-shows-replace-with-nikhil-siddhartha-film-2977216 |access-date=17 August 2022}}</ref> The Hindi version netted {{INRConvert|1.45|c}} at the domestic box office in the first three days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Karthikeya 2 Hindi: The Kashmir Files director Vivek Agnihotri congratulates team on film's phenomenal success |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karthikeya-2-hindi-the-kashmir-files-director-vivek-agnihotri-congratulates-team-on-success-nikhil-siddhartha-2977195/amp |access-date=17 August 2022 |website=[[DNA India]] |quote=As for the box office collection of Karthikeya 2 (Hindi), Taran Adarsh noted in atweet on Tuesday that the film had collected Rs 1.45 crore in 3 days.}}</ref> The film achieved its break even mark and entered into profit zone in 3 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-16 |title=Karthikeya 2 Collection: సత్తా చాటిన కార్తికేయ 2.. మూడో రోజు సంచలనం.. బ్రేక్ ఈవెన్ ఫినిష్ చేసి కోట్లలో లాభాలు! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/flash-news/karthikeya-2-finishes-breakeven-target-in-3-days-here-is-karthikeya-2-box-office-collections-report-73375 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref> By the fourth week, the film has collected a total gross of $1.5 million at the United States box-office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=Karthikeya 2 Mints Gold At The Box Office |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/karthikeya-2-mints-gold-box-office-160520 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi Post]] |language=en |archive-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019210120/https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/karthikeya-2-mints-gold-box-office-160520 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to the media consulting firm Ormax Media, the domestic gross collection of the film was {{INR|91}} [[crore]], thus making it the highest-grossing film in India in August 2022 followed by ''[[Thiruchitrambalam]]'' and ''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marik |first=Priyanka |date=2022-09-20 |title=Karthikeya 2, Thiruchitrambalam seal South films' box office rule in August: Ormax Media report |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/karthikeya-2-thiruchitrambalam-seal-south-films-box-office-rule-in-august-ormax-media-report/cid/1887739 |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-09-19 |title=The India Box Office Report: August 2022 |url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-india-box-office-report-august-2022.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Ormax Media |language=en}}</ref> By the end of its theatrical run, ''Karthikeya 2'' collected a worldwide gross of {{INR|121.50}} crore with a distributor's share of {{INR|58.50}} crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=Year Ender 2022: RRR సహా 2022లో టాలీవుడ్ బాక్సాఫీస్ దగ్గర హిట్టైన చిత్రాలు ఇవే.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/year-ender-2022-tollywood-box-office-hit-films-report-bangarraju-dj-tillu-rrr-kgf-2-major-dhamaka-hit-2-bimbisara-karthikeya2-movies-got-success-ta-1559562-page-13.html |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=[[News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
== Legacy ==

''Karthikeya 2'' became a landmark film in Telugu cinema for its unique blend of mythology, mystery, and adventure. The film’s commercial success established [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] as a leading actor in the mythological-thriller genre and further cemented [[Anupama Parameswaran]]’s popularity. Its engaging narrative, visual effects, and portrayal of Indian history and culture inspired a renewed interest in mythological and archaeological-themed films in [[Telugu cinema|Tollywood]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

The film’s success also boosted tourism to the locations featured in the movie, including [[Mysore]] and [[Udaipur]], as fans visited to experience the film’s settings firsthand. Its soundtrack by [[Kaala Bhairava]] became widely popular, influencing music trends in contemporary Telugu cinema.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/karthikeya-2-music-review-770847 |title=Karthikeya 2 Music Review: Kaala Bhairava delivers a soul-stirring score |website=The Hans India |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref>

The success of ''Karthikeya 2'' led to discussions about expanding the franchise, with speculation about sequels and spin-offs exploring other mythological mysteries. Industry analysts credited the film with setting new benchmarks for production values, storytelling, and audience engagement in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
Additionally, ''Karthikeya 2'' has been referenced in discussions about the increasing trend of [[Cinema of India|Indian films]] combining entertainment with educational content on history, culture, and mythology, inspiring filmmakers to explore similar themes in their projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/karthikeya-2-our-film-is-about-an-indian-superhero-lord-krishna-is-biggest-superhero-l-exclusive-tollywood-news-5581227/ |title=Karthikeya 2: Our film is about an Indian superhero, Lord Krishna is the biggest superhero |website=[[India.com]] |access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col" | Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Recipient(s)
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="2" |[[68th Filmfare Awards South|3 August 2024]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]]
|[[Abhishek Agarwal]] and T. G. Viswa Prasad
|{{nominated}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Winners of the 68th Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2023 {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-68th-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2023_-67194.html |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]]
|[[Chandoo Mondeti]]
|{{nominated}}
|-
! scope="row" |[[National Film Awards]]
|[[70th National Film Awards|2024]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]]
|Producers: [[Abhishek Agarwal]] and T. G. Viswa Prasad Director: [[Chandoo Mondeti]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-16 |title=Nikhil's Karthikeya 2 wins Best Telugu film at the 70th National Awards |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Aug/16/nikhils-karthikeya-2-wins-best-telugu-film-at-the-70th-national-awards |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="6" |[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards|15th September 2023]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]]
|[[Abhishek Agarwal]] and T. G. Viswa Prasad
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=2023-08-02 |title=SIIMA 2023 nomination out. 'PS 1', 'RRR', 'KGF 2' and 'Kantara' bag top spots |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2023-nomination-list-out-ps-1-rrr-kantara-bag-top-spots-2415011-2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA Awards 2023: RRR, 777 Charlie win big; Jr NTR, Yash named Best Actors; Sreeleela and Srinidhi Shetty are Best Actresses |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-awards-2023-telugu-kannada-winners-list-jr-ntr-yash-rrr-kantara-8942103/lite/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |work=Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]]
|[[Chandoo Mondeti]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer – Telugu|Best Cinematographer – Telugu]]
|[[Karthik Gattamneni]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
|[[Nikhil Siddhartha]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Comedian – Telugu|Best Comedian – Telugu]]
|[[Srinivasa Reddy]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Sensation of the Year Award
|[[Nikhil Siddhartha]], [[Chandoo Mondeti]]
|{{won}}
|}

==Future==
Before the film's release, Mondeti announced his intentions to make ''Karthikeya 3.'' "I want to tell many stories of Karthikeya and want to make it into a franchise," Mondeti said in an interview with ''[[The New Indian Express]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandoo Mondeti: Karthikeya 2 can be seen as a standalone film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2022/aug/10/chandoo-mondeti-karthikeya-2-can-be-seen-as-a-standalone-film-33620.html |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=10 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The final act of ''Karthikeya 2'' sets the stage for ''Karthikeya 3''.<ref name=":2" />

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|13664684}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=karthikeya-2|title=Karthikeya 2}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}
{{Chandoo Mondeti}}

[[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 action adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian action adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Films set in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2020s mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2020s supernatural films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Kaala Bhairava]]
[[Category:Films shot in Spain]]
[[Category:Films shot in Greece]]
[[Category:Films shot in Portugal]]
[[Category:Films set in Greece]]
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:People Media Factory films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chandoo Mondeti]]
[[Category:Films about Krishna]]
[[Category:Krishna in popular culture]]
[[Category:Films about archaeology]]
[[Category:Films set in libraries]]
[[Category:Films about treasure hunting]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action adventure films]]
[[Category:Films set in temples]]
[[Category:Indian historical action films]]

Himangini Singh Yadu

2026-04-14T13:29:43Z

AlberthaPickard: Redirect article

{{short description|Indian beauty pageant titleholder (born 1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| image = Himangini Singh Yadu.jpg
| caption = Yadu in 2012
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Indore]], India
| occupation = [[Model (person)|Model]]
| height =
| hair_color = Black
| eye_color = Green
| title = [[Miss Supertalent]] of the World 2012 Miss Supertalent of the World India 2012
| competitions = I AM She 2010 (Miss India Asia Pacific World)
}}

'''Himangini Singh Yadu''' is an Indian beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned [[Miss Supertalent]] of the World 2012, in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]].<ref>[https://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/355593/20120623/miss-asia-pacific-2012-indian-girl-himangini.htm "Miss Asia Pacific 2012: Indian Girl Himangini Singh Wins Pageant; Brings Back the Coveted Crown After 12 Years"] International Business Times</ref>

==Biography==
Himangini was born in [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iam-she.com/v2/finalistsdetails_2010.php?id=9 |title=About Himangini Singh Yadu |publisher=I Am She |access-date=18 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603083942/http://www.iam-she.com/v2/finalistsdetails_2010.php?id=9 |archive-date=3 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

She was a contestant and a Top 10 finalist in the first edition of [[I Am She–Miss Universe India]], held in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iam-she.com/v2/finalists_2010.php |title=I Am She 2010 Finalists |publisher=I Am She |access-date=18 June 2012 |archive-date=30 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630153958/http://www.iam-she.com/v2/finalists_2010.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Tanvi Singla]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Femina Miss India|Miss India Asia Pacific World]]
| years=2012}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Srishti Rana]]}}

{{s-ach}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Diana Starkova]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Asia Pacific World]]
| years=[[Miss Supertalent]] 2012|2012}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Shristi Rana|Srishti Rana]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadu, Himangini Singh}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Female models from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Actresses from Indore]]
[[Category:Miss Asia Pacific World]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Mahadewa Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:49:03Z

AlberthaPickard: creating first stub w/ sources

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mahadewa
| map_image = 311-Mahadewa.svg
| mla = [[Dudhram]]
| party = {{Party index link|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Basti district|Basti]]
| reservation = SC
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,60,632
| constituency_no = 311
}}
'''Mahadewa (311)''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Basti district]] of Uttar Pradesh, [[India]].

Mahadewa is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Basti Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 311 amongst 403 constituencies.

==Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs)==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!Scope=col|#
!scope=col|Term
!scope=col|Member of Legislative Assembly
!scope=col|Party
!scope=col|From
!scope=col|To
!scope=col|Days
!scope=col|Comment
|-
| 01|| [[2nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|2nd Vidhan Sabha]] ||Baldeo Singh || [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] || April 1957 || March 1962 ||1,800||
|-
| 02|| [[3rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|3rd Vidhan Sabha]] || Vishnu Pratap Singh || [[Indian National Congress]]|| March 1962|| March 1967 ||1,828||
|-
| 03|| [[4th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|4th Vidhan Sabha]] || B. Lal || [[Swatantra Party]]|| March 1967|| April 1968 ||402 ||
|-
| 04|| [[5th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|5th Vidhan Sabha]] || Ganga Prasad || [[Indian National Congress]] || February 1969 ||March 1974 || 1,832||
|-
| 05|| [[7th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|7th Vidhan Sabha]] || Girdhari Lal||[[Janata Party]] || June 1977 ||February 1980 || 969||rowspan="9"|Constituency known as "Nagar East" and again renamed in 2008 as "Mahadewa" <ref name="election2007">{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/archive/May2007/pollupd/ac/states/s24/Partycomp151.htm|title=151 - Nagar East Assembly constituency|work=eci.nic.in|access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 06|| [[8th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|08th Vidhan Sabha]] || Ram Awadh Prasad || [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] ||June 1980 ||March 1985 ||1,735
|-
| 07|| [[9th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|9th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Ram Jiyawan|| [[Indian National Congress]] || March 1985 ||November 1989 || 1,725
|-
| 08|| [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] || Ram Karan Arya||[[Janata Dal]] ||December 1989|| April 1991 ||488<ref name="2017 result"/>
|-
| 09|| [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]]||Ved Prakash||[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]||June 1991 ||December 1992 ||533
|-
| 10|| [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]]||Ram Karan Arya||[[Samajwadi Party]]|| December 1993 ||October 1995 ||693
|-
| 11|| [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Ved Prakash||[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || October 1996 ||March 2002 || 1,967<ref name="2017 result"/>
|-
| 12|| [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] || Ram Karan Arya||[[Samajwadi Party]]|| February 2002 ||May 2007 || 1,902
|-
| 13|| [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Dudhram]]||[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|| May 2007 ||March 2012 || 1,762<ref name="2017 result"/>
|-
| 14|| [[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Ram Karan Arya||[[Samajwadi Party]]|| March 2012 ||March 2017 || 1,829||<ref name="2017 result"/>
|-
| 15|| [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Ravi Kumar Sonkar]]||[[Bhartiya Janata Party]] || March 2017 || March 2022 || ||<ref name="2017 result"/>
|-
| 16|| [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] || [[Dudhram]]||[[Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party]]|| March 2022 || Incumbent|| ||<ref name="election2022"/>
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahadewa<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
|candidate = Dudhram
|votes = {{formatnum:83350}}
|percentage = 39.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ravi
|votes = {{formatnum:77855}}
|percentage = 36.87
|change = {{decrease}}4.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Laxmi Chandra Kharvar
|votes = {{formatnum:40207}}
|percentage = 19.04
|change = {{decrease}}9.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Purnima
|votes = {{formatnum:2907}}
|percentage = 1.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Brijesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2255}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1582}}
|percentage = 0.75
|change = {{decrease}}0.38
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5495}}
|percentage = 2.6
|change = {{decrease}}10.39
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:211187}}
|percentage = 58.56
|change = {{increase}}0.14
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''[[Ravi Kumar Sonkar]]''' won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate '''Doodhram''' by a margin of 25,884 votes.<ref name="2017 result">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/mahadewa.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref><ref name="election2017">{{cite news|title=महादेवा विधानसभा चुनाव 2017 परिणाम, उत्तर प्रदेश|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/elections/uttar-pradesh/mahadewa-mla-results|work=NDTV India|access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2017-1">{{cite news|title=Know constituencies of UP Assembly polls 2017: Mahadewa (SC)|url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/know-constituencies-up-assembly-polls-2017-mahadewa-sc-2160173.html|work=www.oneindia.com|access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2017-2">{{cite news|title=महादेवा विधानसभा चुनाव के पिछले परिणामों पर एक नजर|url=https://m.punjabkesari.in/article/mahadewa-assembly-constituency-up-election-2017/571305|work=Punjab Kesari|access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=2017 General Elections: Mahadewa (SC)<ref name="2017 result"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ravi Kumar Sonkar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:82429}}
|percentage = 41.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Dudhram]]
|votes = {{formatnum:56545}}
|percentage = 28.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ram Karan Arya
|votes = {{formatnum:47914}}
|percentage = 24.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Govardhan
|votes = {{formatnum:5639}}
|percentage = 2.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2231}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25884}}
|percentage = 12.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:199317}}
|percentage = 58.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +8.54
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Mahadewa (SC)<ref name="election2012">{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|title=Uttar Pradesh 2012 Results|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ram Karan Arya
|votes = 83,202
|percentage = 45.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Dudhram]]
|votes = 63,943
|percentage = 35.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Beena Rai
|votes = 10,816
|percentage = 5.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gauri Shankar
|votes = 7,889
|percentage = 4.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party|SBSP]]
|candidate = Kripa Shankar
|votes = 4,797
|percentage = 2.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|candidate = Lav Kush
|votes = 3,848
|percentage = 2.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Govardhan
|votes = 3,089
|percentage = 1.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 5 candidates
|votes = 3,919
|percentage = 2.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 19,259
|percentage = 10.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,81,503
|percentage = 56.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|26.70|82.85|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Basti district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Jalesar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:48:49Z

AlberthaPickard: creating first stub initial version.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jalesar, Awagarh
| map_image = 106-Jalesar.svg
| established = 1956
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Agra Lok Sabha constituency|Agra]]
| constituency_no = 106
| district = [[Etah district|Etah]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Sanjeev Kumar Diwakar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = 2,91,979 (2019)
}}
'''Jalesar''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Etah district|Etah]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Agra Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956.<ref name="DPACO (1956)">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1956)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-56-DCI.pdf|archive-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502000814/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-56-DCI.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 106.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= December 8, 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=5 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/jalesar.html|archive-date=11 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211142614/http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/jalesar.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Jalesar and Awagarh as Jalesar and Awagarh assembly constituency is Awagarh Tehsil; PCs Gaharana, Bhopatpur, Jhinvar, Rustamgarh, Dhaniga, Babsa, Nagla Khilli, Basundhara, Kheda, Majharau of Nidholikalan KC & Nidholikalan NP of Etah Tehsil.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! From !! To !! Days !! Comments !! Ref
|-
| 01 || [[01st Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|01st Vidhan Sabha]] || - || - || Mar-1952 || Mar-1957 || 1,849 || Constituency not in existence || <ref name="1951 Election Results">{{cite news|title=1951 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173258/https://eci.gov.in/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 02 || [[02nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|02nd Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | Chiranji Lal || [[Indian National Congress]] || Apr-1957 || Mar-1962 || 1,800 || - || <ref name=" 1957 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1957 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006234308/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 03 || [[03rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|03rd Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Swatantra Party]] || Mar-1962 || Mar-1967 || 1,828 || - ||<ref name=" 1962 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1962 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007085123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 04 || [[04th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|04th Vidhan Sabha]] || U. B. Singh || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1967 || Apr-1968 || 402 || - || <ref name=" 1967 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006114503/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 05 || [[05th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|05th Vidhan Sabha]] || Chiranji Lal || [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]] || Feb-1969 || Mar-1974 || 1,832 || - || <ref name=" 1969 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007134105/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 06 || [[06th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|06th Vidhan Sabha]] || Nathu Ram || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1974 || Apr-1977 || 1,153 || - || <ref name=" 1974 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006080051/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 07 || [[07th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|07th Vidhan Sabha]] || Madhav || [[Janata Party]] || Jun-1977 || Feb-1980 || 969 || - || <ref name=" 1977 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007053924/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 08 || [[08th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|08th Vidhan Sabha]] || Ram Singh || [[Indian National Congress (I)]] || Jun-1980 || Mar-1985 || 1,735 || - || <ref name=" 1980 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006054456/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 09 || [[09th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|09th Vidhan Sabha]] || Prem Pal Singh || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1985 || Nov-1989 || 1,725 || - || <ref name=" 1985 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006170606/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 10 || [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | Madhav || rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Dec-1989 || Apr-1991 || 488 || - || <ref name=" 1989 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006085257/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 11 || [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]] || Jun-1991|| Dec-1992 || 533 || - || <ref name=" 1991 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006055723/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 12 || [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]] || Raghuveer Singh || [[Samajwadi Party]] || Dec-1993|| Oct-1995 || 693 || - || <ref name=" 1993 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 13 || [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] || Mithlesh Kumari || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Oct-1996 || May-2002 || 1,967 || - || <ref name=" 1996 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081637/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 14 || [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] || Anar Singh Diwakar || [[Samajwadi Party]] || Feb-2002 || May-2007 || 1,902 || - || <ref name=" 2002 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713105915/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 15 || [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] || Kuver Singh || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || May-2007 || Mar-2012 || 1,762 || - || <ref name=" 2007 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713102642/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 16 || [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Ranjeet Suman]] || [[Samajwadi Party]] || Mar-2012 || Mar-2017 || - || - || <ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508084526/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 17 || [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2"|[[Sanjeev Kumar Diwakar]] || rowspan="2"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Mar-2017 || Mar-2022 || || ||
|-
| 18 || [[Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|18th Vidhan Sabha]] || Mar-2022 || Incumbent || || ||
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Jalesar<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sanjeev Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:91339}}
|percentage = 45.1
|change = +0.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ranjeet Suman
|votes = {{formatnum:86898}}
|percentage = 42.91
|change = +9.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Akash Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:19364}}
|percentage = 9.56
|change = -9.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:619}}
|percentage = 0.31
|change = -0.34
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:4441}}
|percentage = 2.19
|change = -8.54
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:202531}}
|percentage = 68.09
|change = +2.25
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Jalesar<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sanjeev Kumar Diwakar
|votes = {{formatnum:81502}}
|percentage = 44.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ranjeet Suman
|votes = {{formatnum:61694}}
|percentage = 33.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mohan Singh Happy
|votes = {{formatnum:35817}}
|percentage = 19.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Kranti Party
|candidate = Rajkumari
|votes = {{formatnum:2375}}
|percentage = 1.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1188}}
|percentage = 0.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:19808}}
|percentage = 10.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:184640}}
|percentage = 65.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Jalesar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Ranjeet Suman]]
|votes = 55,391
|percentage = 36.97
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Omprakash Dalit
|votes = 32,822
|percentage = 21.91
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Anar Singh Diwakar
|votes = 20,834
|percentage = 13.91
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 9 candidates
|votes = 40,762
|percentage = 27.21
|change = -
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 22,569
|percentage = 15.07
|change = -
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 149,809
|percentage = 58.93
|change = -
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<ref name=" 2012 Election Results "/>

==See also==
*[[Agra Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Etah district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Vidhan Bhawan]]

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Etah district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Rafikul Islam

2026-04-11T20:22:54Z

AlberthaPickard: Made

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Other uses|Rafiqul Islam (disambiguation){{!}}Rafiqul Islam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rafikul Islam
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2016
| term_end = 2021
| constituency = [[Harirampur Assembly constituency|Harirampur]]
| predecessor = [[Biplab Mitra]]
| successor = [[Biplab Mitra]]
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1956}}
| birth_place = [[Harirampur (community development block)|Harirampur]], [[West Dinajpur district]], [[West Bengal]]
| website =
| spouse =
| children =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| date =
| year =
| signature =
| bodyclass =
}}

'''Rafikul Islam''' (born 1956) is an Indian farmer, social worker and politician belonging to the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist) – West Bengal|Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].

==Early life and education==
Islam was born in 1956 to a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in [[Harirampur (community development block)|Harirampur]], [[West Dinajpur district]], [[West Bengal]]. He is the son of Shamsher Ali and passed his [[Higher Secondary Certificate]] from the Harirampur Abdus Sobhan Dewan Mahammad High School.<ref>{{cite web|website=My Neta|title=Rafikul Islam (CPI-M)|url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1682|year=2021}}</ref>

==Career==
Islam was elected to the [[Harirampur Assembly constituency]] at the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] following the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he contested as a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] candidate and defeated former MLA and Trinamool politician [[Biplab Mitra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Harirampur Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Harirampur Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-harirampur-constituency-42.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=West Bengal Assembly election 2021, Harirampur profile: CPM's Rafiqul Islam narrowly won seat in 2016 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-harirampur-profile-cpms-rafiqul-islam-narrowly-won-seat-in-2016-9299951.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> He contested in the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] but lost to Mitra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/2021/harirampur/|title=Harirampur, 2021|website=Latestly|access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Islam, Rafikul}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Dakshin Dinajpur district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]

{{WestBengal-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Monalisha Devi Moirangthem

2026-04-08T20:38:50Z

AlberthaPickard:

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Western name order|Moirangthem Monalisha Devi}}
{{Meitei name|Moirangthem|Monalisha|Devi}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Monalisha Devi
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Monalisha Devi Moirangthem
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2006|7|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.75 m<ref name="AFC-squad-list">{{cite web |title=2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup Squad Lists |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/2026_AFC_U20_Womens_Asian_Cup/Finals/Downloads/Squads/AFC-U20-Women's-Asian-Cup-2026---squads.pdf?source=url |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=31 March 2026 }}</ref>
| position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
| currentclub = [[Sreebhumi FC|Sreebhumi]]
| clubnumber = 1
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[KRYPHSA FC|KRYPHSA]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = –2023
| clubs2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2023–2024
| clubs3 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 = 2024–
| clubs4 = [[Sreebhumi FC|Sreebhumi]]
| caps4 =
| goals4 =
| nationalyears1 = 2022
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 2024
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps2 = 12
| nationalgoals2 = 0
| nationalyears3 = 2025–
| nationalteam3 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps3 = 2
| nationalgoals3 = 0
| club-update =
| nationalteam-update = 23 June 2025
}}

'''Monalisha Devi Moirangthem''' ({{langx|mni|Moirangthem Monalisha Devi}}, born 3 July 2006)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/168813 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=www.the-aiff.com|title=Moirangthem Monalisha Devi}}</ref> is an Indian professional [[footballer]] from [[Manipur]]. She plays as a [[goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for the [[Indian Women's League]] club [[Sreebhumi FC|Sreebhumi]] and the [[India women's national football team]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Monalisha Devi Moirangthem Archives |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/tag/monalisha-devi-moirangthem/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Northeast Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=India at FIFA Women's U-17 World Cup: Meet the squad |url=https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/37632773/meet-squad |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Monalisha was born in Thoubal district, Manipur, India. At a very young age she started playing at the football ground next to her house along with Melody Chanu, another goalkeeper in the India under 17 team in 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Rajdeep |date=2022-10-11 |title=Meet India's 21-member squad for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2022 |url=https://thebridge.in/football/meet-india-21-member-squad-fifa-u17-womens-world-cup-2022-36185 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Monalisha was part of the Indian team that played the FIFA women's U-17 women's World Cup at Bhubaneswar, India.<ref name=":0" /> India player against Brazil, Morocco and United States from 11 to 30 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Manipur Girls Selected For FIFA Under-17 World Cup |url=https://guwahatiplus.com/northeast/7-manipur-girls-selected-for-fifa-under-17-world-cup |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=guwahatiplus.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-09-24 |title=Indian team for FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup leaves for Spain to play friendly matches |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-women-team-u-17-world-cup-spain-friendlies/article65931402.ece |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-18 |title=Why Manipur dominates women's football in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-manipur-dominates-women-s-football-in-india-101666095838019.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

She was selected for the SAFF U-20 Women's Championship to be held in Dhaka, Bangladesh in February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India announce squad for SAFF U-20 Women's Championship |url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-01-indian-football-saff-u-20-womens-championship-india-squad-announcement |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Khel Now |language=en}}</ref>

She was also selected for the Indian team to take part in the Turkish Women's Cup 2024 in Alanya, Turkey, from 21 to 27 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=India to participate in Turkish Women's Cup 2024 in Alanya |url=https://thebridge.in/football/india-women-football-team-to-participate-at-turkish-women-cup-antalya-45847 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |first=Farzan |date=2024-02-03 |title=India to participate in Turkish Women's Cup 2024 in Alanya |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-india-participate-turkish-women-s-cup-2024-alanya |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

On 14 July 2025, she was part of the India U20 women’s national team that drew 1-1 against [[Uzbekistan women's national football team|Uzbekistan]] in the first of two friendlies at the Do’stlik Stadium, in [[Tashkent]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Tigresses begin with a draw in Uzbekistan |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/young-tigresses-begin-with-a-draw-in-uzbekistan |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref> The Indian under 20 team which had a camp at the [[Padukone - Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence|Padukone-Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence]] in [[Bengaluru]] before leaving for Tashkent are preparing for the AFC U20 Women's Asian Cup Qualifiers in August 2025, where the other teams are Indonesia, Turkmenistan and hosts Myanmar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India U20 women all set for first friendly against Uzbekistan in Tashkent |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-all-set-for-first-friendly-against-uzbekistan-in-tashkent |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-07-13 |title=India U-20 vs Uzbekistan U-20 women: All you need to know — Live streaming info, venue, time, full squad |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-u20-women-vs-uzbekistan-live-streaming-info-venue-time-date-squad-indian-football-news/article69804589.ece |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

=== Senior India debut ===
Monalisha made her Senior India debut at Bengaluru in May 2025, along with defender Shubhangi Singh, against the Uzbekistan senior team in the two FIFA friendlies which India lost 0-1 in both matches. Bothe were in the match-day squads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2025-07-12 |title=India U20 women all set for first friendly against Uzbekistan in Tashkent |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/sports/india-u20-women-all-set-for-first-friendly-against-uzbekistan-in-tashkent-987543 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

On 5 July 2025, she was also part of the senior India team in Thailand that secured a berth qualifying in Group B for the AFC Women's Asia Cup 2026. She played one match and later joined the U20 camp on 20 July.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-07-10 |title=Football: Joakim Alexandersson names 24-member travelling squad for Uzbekistan friendlies |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/football-joakim-alexandersson-names-24-member-travelling-squad-for-uzbekistan-friendlies/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=India women’s football team qualifies for 2026 AFC Asian Cup to be held in Australia |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/football/india-womens-football-team-qualifies-for-2026-afc-asian-cup-to-be-held-in-australia-prnt/cid/2111774 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707152200/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/football/india-womens-football-team-qualifies-for-2026-afc-asian-cup-to-be-held-in-australia-prnt/cid/2111774 |archive-date=2025-07-07 |access-date=2025-07-15 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===International===
{{Updated|23 June 2025}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan=1|[[India women's national football team|India]]
|2025
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=2|Total
!2
!0
|}

==Honours==

'''Odisha'''
*[[Indian Women's League]]: [[2023–24 Indian Women's League|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Odisha FC take home the IWL trophy with stunning ease|url=https://i-league.org/odisha-fc-take-home-the-iwl-trophy-with-stunning-ease/|website=i-league.org|publisher=I-League|date=24 March 2024|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref>

'''Manipur'''
* [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]]: [[2023–24 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Manipur champions for the 22nd time in Sr Women's NFC for Rajmata Jijabai Trophy |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/manipur-champions-for-the-22nd-time-in-sr-womens-nfc-for-rajmata-jijabai-trophy |website=AIFF |date=15 May 2024 }}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/168813?type=club Monalisha Devi] at All India Football Federation

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moirangthem, Monalisha Devi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2006 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:KRYPHSA FC players]]
[[Category:Kickstart FC players]]
[[Category:Odisha FC Women players]]
[[Category:Sribhumi FC players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Hiroji Indulkar

2026-04-07T16:08:21Z

AlberthaPickard: creating first entry more to come

{{Short description|Indian architect of 17th century}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hiroji Indulkar
| occupation = [[Architect]], Maratha officer
| known_for = Building [[Raigad Fort|Raigad]] and [[Sindhudurg Fort|Sindhudurg]] forts.
}}
'''Hiroji Indulkar''' was a 17th-century architect under the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] king [[Shivaji]]. He is credited with building [[Raigad fort|Raigad]], the second capital of the [[Maratha Empire]], and the sea fort of [[Sindhudurg Fort|Sindhudurg]].<ref name=sh>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSRuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Heritage Sites of Maritime Maharashtra |date=2001 |publisher=Maritime History Society |isbn=978-81-901000-2-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=vh>{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=Vijay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xaW5BAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Hiroji+Indulkar%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA84 |title=Memories Revisited |publisher=Vijay Joshi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KONKAN & GOA COASTS |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hiroji+Indulkar%22#d=gs_qabs&t=1663656591378&u=#p=jw-2eD2gO_kJ |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> He was also entrusted with the construction of fort [[Pratapgad]] along with [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle|Moropant Pingle]].<ref name=th>{{Cite news |last=DNA (Daily News & Analysis) |date=3 April 2011 |title=An interesting piece of history |work=Athena Information Solutions Pvt. Ltd. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOF&u=wikipedia&id=GALE|A253109761&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco}}</ref>

==Life==
The earlier life of Hiroji is uncertain. Some works by him are known. Such as in 1656, Hiroji and [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle|Moropant]] were entrusted with the construction of the [[Pratapgad]] fort by [[Shivaji]].<ref name=th/> For the [[Maratha Navy|navy]], Shivaji wanted a strong sea fort which is far away from Siddi's [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira fort]]. Therefore, on the order of Shivaji, in 1664 Hiroji built the sea fort of [[Sindhudurg Fort|Sindhudurg]].<ref name=sh/> In 1674 on the order of Shivaji, Hiroji built [[Raigad Fort|Raigad]] fort the second capital of the Maratha Empire in place of the old Rairi fort.<ref name=vh/>

There are two contemporary records of Hiroji's business and transaction activities:

# A letter dated back to 9 September 1675 from Pune Archives mentioning Patilki of Kikwi in Pargana [[Shirwal]] which was sold to Hiroji Indulkar, is returned to its original holder.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shivaji (Raja) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BTtKAAAAIAAJ&q=hiroji+indulkar |title=Patrāñce pratirūpadarśana |date=1988 |publisher=Sañcālaka, Purābhilekha Vibhāga, Mahārāshṭra Śāsana |language=mr}}</ref>
# A transaction record from 1686 mentions a transaction of 17 Hons under the guarantee of Hiroji Indulkar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gokhale |first=Kamal Shrikrishna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43gBAAAAMAAJ&q=hiroji+indulkar |title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji |date=1978 |publisher=Navakamal Publications |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
It is said that when Shivaji saw the fort of Raigad built by Hiroji, he asked Hiroji what he wanted as a gift. Then Hiroji asked the King to gift him a small tile with the carving of his (Hiroji) name on it, accompanied by a condition, that the tile should be placed at the entrance of Jagadeeshwar Temple so that whenever the King visits the Temple, his foot would touch Hiroji's name and with that, the King will visit the temple daily.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqYiBAAAQBAJ |title=Maratha Generals and Personalities: A gist of great personalities of Marathas |date=2014-08-01 |publisher=Pratik gupta |language=en}}</ref> The tile mentioning the words "Seveche thayi tatpar, Hiroji Indulkar" (always ready for service, Hiroji Indulkar) can be seen at the footsteps of the entrance of [[Raigad fort#Major features|Jagadeeshwar Temple]].<ref name=vh/>
[[File:Hiroji Indulkar stone carving.jpg|Hiroji Indulkar stone carving|thumb]]

== In popular culture ==
*In movie [[Farzand]], Hiroji Indulkar's role was performed by Rajan Bhise.<ref>{{Citation |title=Farzand (2018) - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8396238/ |language=en-US |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref>

== References ==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources ===
*{{Cite book |last=Desāī |first=Rameśa |title=Shivaji, the Last Great Fort Architect |publisher=Maharashtra Information Centre |year=1987 |language=English}}

[[Category:17th-century Indian architects]]

Curzon Gate, Bardhaman

2026-04-04T13:20:25Z

AlberthaPickard: Added first stub and citations

{{Short description|Arch in Bardhaman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Curzon Gate
| native_name = 
| former_names =
| alternate_names = Bijoy Toran
| image = Lord Curzon Gate alias Bijoy Toran at Bardhaman town in Purba Bardhaman district in West Bengal 08.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Curzon Gate
| pushpin_map =
| altitude =
| building_type =
| architectural_style =
| structural_system =
| cost =
| ren_cost =
| location = [[Bardhaman]], [[India]]
| address =
| owner = Public Works Department, Government of West Bengal
| coordinates = {{coord|23.2404|N|87.8675|E|display=inline,title}}
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date = 1904
| inauguration_date =
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| other_designers =
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| ren_serv_engineer =
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| references =
}}

The '''Curzon Gate''', also known as the '''Bijay Toran''', is a prominent landmark in [[Bardhaman]] city in [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is located at the crossing of Bijoy Chand Road and [[Grand Trunk Road]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Curzon Gate in Bardhaman, Places Near Curzon Gate Bardhaman |url=https://www.bardhamanonline.in/city-guide/curzon-gate-in-bardhaman |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=www.bardhamanonline.in}}</ref>

== History ==
It was built in 1902/1903, on the occasion of the coronation of [[Bijay Chand Mahtab|Maharaja Bijay Chand Mahatab]] as ruler of the [[Bardhaman Raj]]. The gate is located on the [[Grand Trunk Road]]. The former royal palace is located 1 km from the gate.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf | title = Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman, Series-20, Part-XIIB | work= Motif | publisher = Diretorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate =10 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Rangan">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Day trip: Tracing history in Burdwan |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/a-day-trip-from-kolkata-burdwan-offers-a-peek-into-architectural-landmarks-of-colonial-and-mughal-era-bengal/cid/1840252 |access-date=15 January 2024 |agency=My Kolkata |publisher=The Telegraph |date=23 November 2021}}</ref>

The pomp and grandeur of [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon’s]] visit to Bardhaman in 1904 established the name of the gate as Curzon Gate.<ref name=census2011/>

The gate arch is supported by eight circular columns. Three female figurines, with swords, boats, and sheaves of corn in their hands, on the arch signify progress in agriculture and commerce. There are twenty-one circles with twenty-one illustrations at the top portion of the gate. Due to presence of stars in the gate it was initially named 'Star Of India' when it was built. The structure was constructed by masons from Italy.<ref name=census2011/>

After the Bardhaman Raj was incorporated into the newly independent India, the gate was referred to as Bijoy Toran, but it is still popularly known as Curzon Gate.<ref name="Rangan" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lord Curzon Gate {{!}} Purba Bardhaman District, Govt. of WB {{!}} India |url=https://purbabardhaman.nic.in/tourist-place/lord-curzon-gate/ |access-date=2024-01-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> Since 1974, the gate has been maintained by the [[Department of Public Works (West Bengal)|Public Works Department of the Government of West Bengal]].<ref name=census2011/><ref>{{Cite web |title='ছিল এই সব?' কার্জন গেট দেখিয়ে প্রশ্ন সায়নীর, ঐতিহ্য নিয়ে আলটপকা মন্তব্যে ক্ষোভে ফুঁসছে বর্ধমান |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/bardhaman-news/actress-saayoni-ghosh-comments-in-front-of-bardhaman-curzon-gate-creates-controversy/articleshow/106538700.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Eisamay |language=bn}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bardhaman]]
[[Category:Gates in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston]]

Comprehensive Environment Pollution Index

2026-03-27T20:11:12Z

AlberthaPickard: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Central Pollution Control Board#Comprehensive Environment Pollution Index]]

{{R from merge}}
{{R to section}}

[[Category:Environmentalism in India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]]
[[Category:Pollution in India]]
[[Category:Air quality index]]

Maratha

2026-03-24T21:55:03Z

AlberthaPickard: minor edit

#REDIRECT [[Marathi people]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
{{R mentioned in hatnote}}
}}

N. Viswanadham

2026-03-21T16:18:10Z

AlberthaPickard: creating initial data w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian computer scientist (born 1943)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = N. Viswanadham

| image_size = 220px
| caption = Prof. Viswanadham in 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1943|11|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = [[Manufacturing]] [[Logistics]] Global supply chain networks
| work_institution = [[Indian Institute of Science]] [[National University of Singapore]] [[Indian School of Business]]
| alma_mater = [[Andhra University]] [[Indian Institute of Science]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[B. L. Deekshatulu]]
| doctoral_students =
| known_for =
| prizes = S. K. Mitra Memorial Award from [[Indian National Academy of Engineering|INAE]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nukala Viswanadham''' (born 9 November 1943 in India), an Indian academic, is currently an INSA Senior Scientist at the Department of Computer Science and Automation, [[Indian Institute of Science]]. He is a Fellow of the [[The World Academy of Sciences|Third World Academy of Sciences]]. He is an elected Fellow of [[Indian National Science Academy]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]], and [[IEEE]]. He was a recipient of the S.K. Mitra Memorial Award of [[Indian National Academy of Engineering|INAE]]. He worked at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] as a Professor, at the [[National University of Singapore]], and [[Indian School of Business]].

==Education==
*Bachelor of Engineering, [[Indian Institute of Science]]
*Master in Engineering, [[Indian Institute of Science]]
*PhD, [[Indian Institute of Science]]

==Professional==
Viswanadham is the Chief Editor of Sadhana, Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences. He was the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering during 2008-2012.

==Awards, honors, and fellowships==
*Fellow [[IEEE]]
*Fellow of The [[Third World Academy of Sciences]], Italy
*Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]]
*Fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]
*Fellow of the [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]]
*S.K.Mitra Memorial Award of [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]]

==Books==
*N.Viswanadham, V.V.S. Sarma and M.G. Singh, "Reliability of Computer and Control Systems", North-Holland Systems and Control series, Amsterdam, Vol.8, 446 pages, 1987.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E3mxAAAAIAAJ|title=Reliability of Computer and Control Systems|isbn=9780444702104|accessdate=4 November 2014|last1=Viswanadham|first1=N.|last2=Sarma|first2=V. V. S.|last3=Singh|first3=Madan G.|year=1987}}</ref>
*N. Viswanadham and Y. Narahari, "Performance Modelling of Automated Manufacturing Systems", Prentice Hall, USA, 592 pages, 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCHEnQEACAAJ|title=Performance Modeling of Automated Manufacturing Systems|accessdate=4 November 2014|last1=Viswanadham|first1=N.|year=1994}}</ref>
*N. Viswanadham, "Analysis of Manufacturing Enterprises: An approach to leverage the value delivery processes to competitive advantage", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 312 pages, 1999.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zI7f02IKAD8C|title=Analysis of Manufacturing Enterprises|isbn=9780792386711|accessdate=4 November 2014|last1=Viswanadham|first1=N.|date=31 October 1999}}</ref>
*N. Viswanadham and S. Kameshwaran, "Ecosystem Aware Global Supply Chain Management", World Scientific Publishing, 2013.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OedXngEACAAJ|title=Ecosystem-aware Global Supply Chain Management|isbn=9789814508162|accessdate=4 November 2014|last1=Viswanadham|first1=N.|last2=Kameshwaran|first2=S.|year=2013}}</ref>
*N. Viswanadham,"Recent Advances in Modelling and Control of Stochastic Systems", Indian Academy of Sciences, 1991, p. 169.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CUrItgAACAAJ|title=Recent Advances in Modelling and Control of Stochastic Systems|year=1991|accessdate=4 November 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://lcm.csa.iisc.ernet.in/nv Lcm.csa.iisc.ernet.in]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Viswanadham, N.}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Indian computer scientists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]

Aligarh Clock Tower

2026-03-20T03:14:18Z

AlberthaPickard: created a bio!

{{Short description|Clock tower in Aligarh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Aligarh Clock Tower
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = Aligarh clock house.jpg
| image_size =
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| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_relief =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.89553|78.07392|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| former_names =
| alternate_names = Harrison Tower
| etymology =
| status =
| cancelled =
| topped_out =
| building_type =
| architectural_style =
| classification =
| location =
| address =
| location_city = [[Aligarh]], Uttar Pradesh
| location_country = India
| grid_name =
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| completion_date = 1893
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}}
'''Aligarh Clock Tower''', also known as the '''Harrison Tower''', is a [[clock tower]] in [[Aligarh]], India, situated near the [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. It was completed in 1893 and named for Aligarh's British civil servant of the [[Indian Civil Service]] (ICS) and [[district magistrate]], J. H. Harrison.

==Origin==
The clock tower at [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], was completed in 1893 and named for Aligarh's British civil servant of the [[Indian Civil Service]] (ICS) and [[district magistrate]] J. H. Harrison.<ref name=Singh2021>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Dr Yatindra Pal |title=Clock towers of India |date=2021 |publisher=Blue Rose Publishers |isbn=978-9-35427-256-1 |pages=6–7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI0TEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 |language=en |chapter=1. Aligarh }}</ref> It was built in an English architectural design in collaboration with a Muslim style.<ref name=Aṃsala1997>{{cite book |last1=Aṃsala |first1=Kusuma |title=As I Am: An Autobiography |date=1997 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0499-6 |pages=114, 233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zK1jAAAAMAAJ&q=Aligarh+clock+tower |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ahmed1999">{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Akbar S. |title=Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World |date=1999 |publisher=I. B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-86064-257-9 |page=122 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bhTYAAAAMAAJ&q=Aligarh+Clock+Tower |language=en}}</ref>

==Structure and location==
The tower is situated near the [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref name=Singh2021/> Opposite are the judges courts,<ref name=Trav1920>{{cite book |title=A Handbook for Travellers in India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon |date=1920 |publisher=J. Murray. |page=404 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=atxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA404 |language=en}}</ref> and adjacent is a garden.<ref name=Nat1895>{{cite book |title=The National and English Review |date=1895 |publisher=National Review Limited |page=381 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NTUAAAAMAAJ&dq=Aligarh+Clock+Tower&pg=PA381|language=en}}</ref>

The structure has four sides, five floors and is built in stone and brick.<ref name=GP1908>{{cite book |title=District Gazetteers: Bahraich (1903) |date=1926 |publisher=Government Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaOa3QWE1q4C&pg=PA201|language=en|page=201}}</ref> Open arches support each vaulted roof.<ref name=GP1908/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Aligarh clock tower ceiling.jpg|Ceiling
File:Aligarh clock tower inscription4.jpg|Inscription
File:Aligarh clock tower inscription3.jpg|Inscription
File:Aligarh clock tower inscription2.jpg|Inscription
File:Aligarh clock tower inscription1.jpg|Inscription
File:Aligarh clock tower2.jpg|Clock Tower
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aligarh Clock Tower}}
[[Category:Clock towers in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Aligarh]]
[[Category:1893 establishments in India]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Towers completed in 1893]]

Shimla jaundice outbreak

2026-03-17T02:38:19Z

AlberthaPickard: stub

{{short description|2015–16 jaundice outbreak in Shimla, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}

The '''Shimla jaundice outbreak''' is an outbreak of [[jaundice]] in the [[North India]]n town of [[Shimla]].<ref name="ht_worst_1947">{{cite news|last1=Bisht|first1=Gaurva|title=Shimla battles worst jaundice outbreak since 1947|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/india/shimla-battles-worst-jaundice-outbreak-since-1947/story-I3LhFdiCO0TjuYGaYXs8sK.html|access-date=5 March 2016|work=Hindustan Times|date=28 February 2016}}</ref> The first reported cases of jaundice in Shimla began in December 2015.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/jaundice-outbreak-in-shimla-10-dead/|title=Jaundice outbreak in Shimla: 10 dead|last=Sharma|first=Ashwani|date=20 February 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=30 March 2016}}</ref> As of March 2016 the outbreak is still ongoing, and should continue without changes to Shimla's water system.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/jaundice-threat-looms-due-to-misplaced-stps/203769.html|title=Jaundice threat looms due to 'misplaced' STPs|last=Chauhan|first=Kuldeep|date=2 March 2016|work=The Tribune|access-date=30 March 2016}}</ref> According to official estimates 10 people have died and 1600 have developed the disease.<ref name="ht_worst_1947" /> Unofficial estimates put the number of infected at over 10,000, with half of the total families in Shimla having experienced infection.<ref name="ht_worst_1947" /><ref name=":0" />

The cause of the outbreak is [[Hepatitis E virus|Hepatitis E]] contamination in Shimla's water supply, stemming from improperly filtered sewage released into the Ashwani Khud river system.<ref name=":1" /> The Hepatitis E virus, commonly contracted from faecal matter, attacks the liver of infected individuals thereby causing jaundice.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hev/|title=Viral Hepatitis|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|publisher=US Department of Health and Human Services|access-date=30 March 2016}}</ref> Contaminated water finds its way into the city's water supply schemes, located downstream from the sewage treatment plants.<ref name=":1" /> The problem is exasperated in winter months, when less rainfall leads to less water volume, and therefore higher concentration of the virus.<ref name=":2" />

==See also==
* [[Water treatment]]

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shimla jaundice outbreak}}
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in India]]
[[Category:2015 disease outbreaks]]
[[Category:2016 disease outbreaks]]
[[Category:History of Shimla]]
[[Category:2015 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2016 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Disasters in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:2010s in Himachal Pradesh]]

{{Infectious-disease-stub}}
{{HimachalPradesh-stub}}

Amanora Park Town

2026-03-12T17:24:51Z

AlberthaPickard: corrected article per standard format and added references

{{Short description|Human settlement in India}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=October 2018}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Amanora Park Town
| native_name = Amanora
| native_name_lang = mr
| image =
| image_caption =
| location = Hadapsar, Pune
| coordinates = {{coord|18|31|07|N|73|56|23|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date =
| architect = Integrid Design Consultants Pvt Ltd Architects
| owner = Social ownership
| cost =
| floor_area =
| top_floor =
| floor_count =
| references =
| highest_start =
| highest_end =
| building_type = Integrated Special Township
| roof =
| elevator_count =
| structural_engineer = Y. S. Sane Associates, Pune
| main_contractor =
| opening_date =
| aerial_spire =
| developer = The City Corporation Limited
| operator = The City Corporation Limited
}}

[[File:Amanora Town Park Ciry Center.jpg|thumb|Amanora City clubhouse]]

'''Amanora Park Town''' is a residential [[township]] project in [[Hadapsar, Pune]]. The project is developed by the City Corporation Limited. The project is built over 400 acres of land with an independent sewage management system and separate power grid.

Notably, the Township is built with smart infrastructure, Smart access cards, Sustainable electricity, public transport etc.

The township project comes under the [[Government of Maharashtra]]'s special township policy.

Amanora Chambers, a juncture for multiple start-ups and offices, is a part of Amanora township.

[[File:High_rises_at_Amanora_Town_.jpg|thumb|High rises at Amanora Township]]

==Awards==
*'''‘Best Affordable Housing’''' at City level award by CNBC Awaz (Metro Towers)
*'''‘High Rise Architecture’''' award in Asia Pacific Awards, Singapore (Gateway Towers)
*'''‘Best Shopping Mall’''' in CREDAI 2013 Awards (Amanora Town Centre)

==Projects==
*Future Towers
*Desire Towers
*Trendy Towers
*Aspire Towers
*Sterling Towers
*Adreno Towers
*Neo Towers
*Gold Towers
*Ascent Towers
*Crown Towers
*Sweetwater Villas
*Elevate Towers
*Gateway Towers
*Metro Towers
*City Rise
*Arbano Towers
*Gateway Towers Phase II
*Victory Towers

==Schools==
*Pawar Public School
*Amanora School
*Chatrabhuj Narsee
*Angels Paradise Preschool & Daycare

==Offices==
*Amanora Ascent Avenue
*Amanora Chambers
*Amanora Apex

==Food==
* Amanora Mall
* Amanora Plaza

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

* [https://amanora.com/ Amanora Park town]
* [https://amanora.com/residential-project/future-towers-pune]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150906144757/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-06-25/news/40187418_1_sky-deck-entrance Amanora Gateway Towers 1 flats at Pune - Economic Times]
* [http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Amanora-Town-Centre-awarded-Best-Shopping-Mall/5485779145 Amanora Town Centre awarded]
* [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-economy/amanora-park-town-plans-sports-education-centre/article1638009.ece Amanora Park Town plans sports & education centre]
* [https://amanora.com/residential-projects Amanora Projects]
* [http://aniruddhadeshpande.com/ Aniruddha Deshpande]
{{Refend}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Pune]]
[[Category:Townships in India]]

Gopalakrishna Bharati

2026-03-12T07:54:33Z

AlberthaPickard: general correct references also and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|Tamil poet and Carnatic music composer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gopalakrishna Bharati
| native_name = கோபாலகிருஷ்ண பாரதி
| birth_date = 1811
| birth_place = Narimanam, Tamil Nadu, India
| death_date = 1881
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Composer]]|[[Poet]]}}
| notable_works = ''Nandanar Charitram'', ''Sabhapatikku Veru Daivam''
| known_for = Composing devotional Tamil kritis
}}
'''Gopalakrishna Bharathi''' ({{langx|ta|கோபாலகிருஷ்ண பாரதி}}) (1811–1881) was a Tamil poet and a composer of [[Carnatic music]]. He composed the ''Kathakalakshepam'' ({{langx|ta|கதாகாலக்ஷேபம் }}) Nandanar Charitram, two other works in this genre, and many independent ''kritis''.

Bharathi was a contemporary of [[Thyagaraja]] whom he is said to have met, and who asked him whether he had composed anything in the ''raga [[Abhogi|Ābhōgi]].'' Bharathi composed overnight one of his most popular ''kritis'' in ''Rupaka Tala, Sabhapatikku Veru''. The great Tamil literary figure, [[U. V. Swaminatha Iyer]] wrote two sources for Bhaarati's life: a biography of the composer and his own autobiography, which contains references to Bharathi, who was his ''guru'' in music.

An annual music festival dedicated to the composer Gopalakrishna Bharathi is held every year at the Vallalar–Medha Dakshinamurthy Temple in Mayiladuthurai, featuring performances of his compositions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=When Mayiladuthurai resonates with songs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/when-mayiladuthurai-resonates-with-songs/article66653208.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323133509/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/when-mayiladuthurai-resonates-with-songs/article66653208.ece |archive-date=2023-03-23 |access-date=2026-03-12 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Remembering Gopalakrishna Bharathi |url=http://thehindu.com/entertainment/music/remembering-gopalakrishna-bharathi/article65077526.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224005735/thehindu.com/entertainment/music/remembering-gopalakrishna-bharathi/article65077526.ece |archive-date=2022-02-24 |access-date=2026-03-12 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==

Gopalakrishna Bharathi was born at Narimanam, near [[Nagapattinam]]. He spent his early days in [[Mudikondan]], near [[Thiruvarur]]. A few years later he moved to [[Anandathandavapuram]] village, near Mayavaram alos know as [[Mayiladuthurai]] where he lived almost his entire life.<ref name=":0" /> His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were all [[veena]] exponents and scholars in Sanskrit. After losing his parents at an early age, he worked as a cook in a temple. He then met Govinda Yati, who taught him Hindu scripture, and then the musician Ramdas, who taught him Hindustani music. Gopalakrishna started his professional career after finding a patron named Annu Iyer.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mahabharati |first=Sangit |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India, Vol. 1 |title=Gopālakriṣhṇa Bhārati |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-19-565098-3 |editor=Late Pandit Nikhil Ghosh |page=375}}</ref>

==Compositions==

Gopalakrishna Bharathi composed several ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' on the principles of ''advaita''. Gopalakrishna Bharathi's ''kritis'', portraying several musical facades, were extremely well received by the public and were sung in a number of concerts during his lifetime. This prompted several musicians to approach Gopalakrishna Bharathi. The musicians would express his vision for a new kirtana and Bharathi would always oblige and compose a song to fit the musician's requirement.<ref name=":0" />

The [[Nandanar]] Caritram is a ''Kathakalakshepam'', a genre of religious story-telling with music that was popular in Tamil Nadu in the 19th and early 20th centuries before the advent of film, especially the [[Sound film|talkies]]. ''[[Nandanar]] Caritiram'' was based on the story of a ''paraiyAr'' (''dalit'' or 'untouchable'), [[Nandanar]] known also as Tirunallaipovar Nayanar. A great devotee of [[Shiva|Siva]], he yearned to visit Chidambaram the greatest of Siva temples. He greatly feared that caste prejudice would prevent him from entering the temple, but his devotion overcame this obstacle, and he obtained his desire, becoming physically merged with Siva in a blaze of light. Bharati's version of ''[[Nandanar]] Carittiram'' is a masterly development of the story narrated in Sekkizhar's ''Periya Puranam''. He included many forms of Tamil regional music and is praised for his ability to capture dialect and popular expression. The eminent Tamil literary scholar, Meenakshisundaram Pillai, however, criticised him for deviating from historical facts of the story, and for grammatical lapses.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=R. Suryaprakash sings paeans to Gopalakrishna Bharathi with an evocative song line up |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/r-suryaprakash-sings-paeans-to-gopalakrishna-bharathi-with-an-evocative-song-line-up/article67070915.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715034136/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/r-suryaprakash-sings-paeans-to-gopalakrishna-bharathi-with-an-evocative-song-line-up/article67070915.ece |archive-date=2023-07-15 |access-date=2026-03-12 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

Gopalakrishna Bharati used the ''[[Mudra (music)|mudra]]'' (signature) ''Gopalakrishna'' in his compositions. These include famous [[Kriti (music)|Kriti]]s like ''Varugalamo'' (''raga manji''), ''Varuvaro'' (''sama'') and ''Enneramum'' (''raga [[Devagandhari#In Carnatic music|Devagandhari]]'').

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
! ''Composition'' !! ''[[Raga]]'' !! ''[[Tala (music)|Tala]]'' !! ''Type'' !! ''Language'' !! Notes !! ''Audio Links''
|-
| ''eppo varuvAro'' || ''[[Jaunpuri (raga)|Jonpuri]]'' || ''[[Adi tala|Adi]]'' || ''[[Kriti (music)|Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || || ''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AH_PpWONQ20/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/AH_PpWONQ20 |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=eppo varuvAro - Snehakottai Hari & Party}}{{cbignore}}</ref>''
|-
| ''guruvaruLum tiruvaruLum'' || ''[[Abhogi]]'' || ''[[Khanda Chapu]]'' || ''[[Kriti (musical composition)|Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || '' Though listed as a composition of Bharati, this is commonly attributed [[Gowri Shankara Stapathi]].''|| ''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duGRZss9dPw/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202141304/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duGRZss9dPw |archive-date=2017-02-02 |url-status=dead|title=guruvaruLum tiruvaruLum - Nityasree Mahadevan}}</ref>''
|-
| ''sabhApatikku vEru deivam samAnamAgumA'' || ''[[Abhogi]]'' || ''[[Rupaka]]'' || ''[[Kriti (musical composition)|Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || ||
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsJHszN41A0/|title=sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA - MS Subbulakshmi}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhrHjd-UwSE/|title=sabhApatikku vEre daivam samAnamAgumA - OS Thyagarajan}}</ref>
|-
|''Innamum sandeha padalamo'' || ''[[Keeravani]]'' || ''[[Misrachapu]]'' || ''[[Kriti (musical composition)|Kriti]]'' || ''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'' || ||
|-
|Tha Thai Endraduvar
|[[Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)|Sindu Bhairavi]]
|[[Adi tala|Adi]]
|Kriti
|Tamil
|''Part of the Nandanar Caritram.''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGEOV5BCvcA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/UGEOV5BCvcA |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live| title=Thaa Thai Endraduvar}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|}

==Performance history==

''Nandan Caritiram'', as performed by Bharathi, proved very popular and he published it in his lifetime. The highly regarded Thanjavur Krishna Bhagavatar, who developed the art of ''kathakalakshepam'' by introducing elements from Marathi performance practice and elements of dance, made it one of his masterpieces. Many adaptations appeared, including stage plays and three film versions. Individual songs of Gopalakrishna Bharathi became popular with Carnatic musicians. Later, Bharata Natyam dancers, including T. [[Balasaraswati]], took up select pieces for interpretation as ''abhinaya''. The album of the film version starring the singer [[Dandapani Desikar|M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] as Nandanar (with music direction by Papanasam Sivan) remains popular.

The story of Nandanar, as Bharati developed it, had considerable resonance with the Nationalist movement in India. Nandanar was an untouchable (''dalit''), and M. K. Gandhi, among others, saw his story as expressing the plight and aspirations of India's ''dalit''s. Others argue that Nandanar, with his burning desire to see [[Shiva]] at [[Chidambaram]], captured the mood and paralleled the aspirations of Indian nationalists yearning for independence from Britain.

==Publication==
Bharati's ''kathakalakshepams'' were so popular in Karaikal that several government officials would sleep at work after spending the whole night listening to his performances. Karaikal was then a French colony and the official Cisse decided to conduct an inquiry into the reason behind the inefficiency of his employees. His investigations led him to conclude that the cause was in fact Bharathi. Curious, he decided to pay a visit personally to one of Bharathi's concerts. Cisse was so impressed by Bharathi's performance that he decided to help him publish his work as a book. This eventually led to the publication of ''Nandanar Charithram'', one of Bharati's most popular works.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sleeping-employees-a-french-official-the-saga-of-a-tamil-opera/article5490461.ece |title=Sleeping Employees,a French official:The saga of a Tamil opera | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu |first=B. |last=Kolappan |date=23 December 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Carnatic composers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://carnatica.net/composer/gopalakrishnabharati.htm Carnatica.net]
* Carnatic Music Krithi Audio Archive: http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/shivkuma/music/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211051428/http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/shivkuma/music/index.html |date=11 December 2007 }}
* Carnatic music notation for few Tamil, Telugu, English songs at VK's website: http://www.keylessonline.com/
* Palem Gopalakrishna Carnatic music section with notations for Telugu songs: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/music.html
* CFugue C++ API for Carnatic Music Programming: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/CFugue.html
* CarMusTy Carnatic Music Typesetting Environment: http://gopalakrishna.palem.in/CarMusTy.html
* Carnatic music notation page links at Musically Urs's website: https://www.angelfire.com/musicals/musically_urs/notation_link.html

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharathi, Gopalakrishna}}
[[Category:Carnatic composers]]
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Nagapattinam district]]
[[Category:19th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from British India]]
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]

Sherpa (book)

2026-03-10T11:23:09Z

AlberthaPickard: new

{{Short description|2022 non-fiction book}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Sherpa: Stories of Life and Death from the Forgotten Guardians of Everest
| image = SHERPA- Stories of Life and Death.jpeg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Cover of Hardcover Edition
| author = [[Pradeep Bashyal]] and [[Ankit Babu Adhikari]]
| audio_read_by = Homer Todiwala
| title_orig =
| orig_lang_code =
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United Kingdom
| language = [[British English]]
| series =
| release_number =
| subject = [[Everest]], [[Sherpa people|Sherpas]]
| set_in = [[Nepal]], India
| publisher = [[Octopus Publishing Group]]
| publisher2 =
| pub_date = 28 July 2022
| english_pub_date =
| published =
| media_type = Print (hardcover & paperback), Audiobook and e-book
| pages = 336
| awards =
| isbn = 978-1788403320
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
| website =
| genre = non-fiction, Narrative
}}
'''''Sherpa: Stories of Life and Death from the Forgotten Guardians of Everest''''' is a 2022 narrative non-fiction book by Nepali authors [[Pradeep Bashyal]] and [[Ankit Babu Adhikari]].<ref name="anna">{{Cite web |url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/sherpa-book-review-an-engaging-narrative-nonfiction-32754 |title='Sherpa' book review: An engaging narrative nonfiction |website=The Annapurna Express}}</ref><ref name="nepal">{{Cite web|url=https://nepalitimes.com/review/stories-of-nepal-s-summiteers|title=Stories of Nepal's summiteers|first=Ashish|last=Dhakal|date=September 27, 2022|website=nepalitimes.com}}</ref> It was first published by [[Cassell (publisher)|Cassel]], an imprint of [[Octopus Publishing Group]], UK on 28 July 2022. The book is an oral history that unveils the untold stories of [[Sherpa people|Sherpas]], shedding light on their extraordinary mountaineering triumphs and tragedies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latrobe.edu.au/news/articles/2022/opinion/sherpa-stories-of-life-and-death|title=Sherpa: Stories of Life and Death|first=La Trobe|last=University|website=www.latrobe.edu.au}}</ref> It was shortlisted for the 2023 [[Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.boardmantasker.com/news/2023/8/31/2023-boardman-tasker-award-for-mountain-literature-shortlist-announced | title=2023 Boardman Tasker Award for Mountain Literature Shortlist Announced | date=September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://explorersweb.com/boardman-tasker-award-2023-shortlist-announced/ | title=Boardman Tasker Award 2023 Shortlist Announced » Explorersweb | date=2 September 2023 }}</ref> The authors were awarded the [[Tenzing-Hillary Award]] by [[Government of Nepal]] in recognition of this book in 2025.

==Synopsis==
Sherpa recounts the tales of Sherpas, exploring their struggles and perseverance on Everest. It delves into their lives and recounts how they live on the edge of life and death.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://kathmandupost.com/books/2022/09/17/because-there-are-sherpas|title=Because there are Sherpas|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref> The book covers the period from the 1930s and 1940s, with the first-generation climbing Sherpas, and the key Sherpa hubs of Khumbu, Rolwaling, Makalu, and Darjeeling.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2022/08/sherpas-real-stories-are-seldom-written-qa-with-authors-ankit-babu-adhikari-pradeep-bashyal/|title='Sherpas' real stories are seldom written': Q&A with authors Ankit Babu Adhikari & Pradeep Bashyal|date=August 9, 2022|website=Mongabay Environmental News}}</ref> Through the stories of dozens of characters, the authors explore the act of climbing, as well as the life, culture, myths, and religions that have shaped Sherpa lives for generations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/experiences/adventure/documenting-the-sherpa-mountaineers-finally/|title=Documenting The Sherpa Mountaineers, Finally|first=Murali K.|last=Menon|date=November 28, 2022}}</ref>

==Reception==
''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]'' wrote in its review that "the human-centric stories of Sherpas aren't told with as much sensitivity, candour, and creativity as they're in Sherpa."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/lives-of-heroes-sherpa-stories-of-life-and-death-from-the-forgotten-guardians-of-everest-by-pradeep-bashyal-and-ankit-babu-adhikari/cid/1897451|title=Lives of heroes|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'' called it "the first English-language book devoted to these remarkable people."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/sherpa-pradeep-bashyal-anit-babu-adhikari-himalaya-john-keay-high-erika-fatland-book-review-jonathan-buckley/|title=Three studies of the Himalayas and their peoples|newspaper=TLS }}</ref> [[The Spectator]] wrote that "sherpas may once have been the dogsbodies in other people's adventures but today they are the heroes – and, increasingly, heroines – of their own story."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/finally-the-sherpas-are-heroes-of-their-own-story/|title=Finally, the Sherpas are heroes of their own story|first=Mark|last=Cocker|date=September 8, 2022|website=The Spectator}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' asks readers to "the next time you hear of someone {{sic|summit|ting|expecting=summiting}} [[Mount Everest|Mt. Everest]], spare a thought for the one that made it possible."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/book-review-sherpa-stories-of-life-and-death-from-the-forgotten-guardians-of-everest-ankit-babu-adhikari-pradeep-bashyal/article66225367.ece|title=Life on the edge: Review of 'Sherpa: Stories of Life and Death from the Forgotten Guardians of Everest' by Ankit Babu Adhikari and Pradeep Bashyal|newspaper=The Hindu |date=December 9, 2022|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn newspaper]]'' wrote "packing in plenty of information about what goes on behind the scenes of a summiting expedition, [[Pradeep Bashyal|Bashyal]] and [[Ankit Babu Adhikari|Adhikari's]] book gives credit where it is due."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1730385|title=NON-FICTION: THE STRUGGLES OF THE SHERPA|first=Rizwana|last=Naqvi|date=January 8, 2023|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref> ''[[The Kathmandu Post]]'' writes that the book "brilliantly portrayed a moving human side of people performing the world's deadliest job."<ref name="auto" />

''[[Nepali Times]]'' writes: Sherpa "attempts to go behind the climbs to portray the lives, dreams, and destinies of the people who have made their surname and ethnicity a word for ‘support crew’ in the English language dictionary."<ref name="nepal" /> The reviewer of ''[[Business Standard]]'' wrote: "In describing them as 'forgotten guardians of Everest', the authors remind us of the worth of these mostly unacknowledged enablers behind those triumphal headlines of this or that person summiting Everest each year."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/high-life-in-the-death-zone-of-the-forgotten-guardians-of-everest-122101101343_1.html|title=High life in the death zone of the forgotten guardians of Everest|date=October 11, 2022|website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref> [[Annapurna Post]] wrote that "every chapter reads like a documentary film"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://annapurnapost.prixa.net/news/himali-brand-214707/|title=हिमाली ब्रान्ड|website=Annapurna Post}}</ref> whereas ''[[Online Khabar]]'' says it is a "great history lesson for both Nepalis and foreigners."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/sherpa-book-bashyal-adhikari.html|title=Sherpa: Untold stories of people in the shadows of Everest|date=September 1, 2022}}</ref> ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]'' wrote: "They entwine the climbers’ stories of achievement and disaster on the mountains with tales of family struggles off the mountain."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/triumph-tragedy-and-climate-change-telling-the-stories-of-the-sherpas-of-everest-189791|title=Triumph, tragedy and climate change: telling the stories of the Sherpas of Everest|first=Ruth|last=Gamble|date=October 24, 2022|website=The Conversation}}</ref>''[[The Annapurna Express]]'' reviews the book as "an engaging work of storytelling that adds to the body of work on Everest, which already includes [[Wade Davis (anthropologist)|Wade Davis]]’ ‘Into the Silence’ and Jon Krakauer's ‘[[Into Thin Air]]’."<ref name="anna" />

==Translation==
It was translated into Italian as ''Sherpa: I Custodi Dell’Everest'' by Clara Mazzi and published by [[Corbaccio]], a publisher based in Milan, in 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kathmandupost.com/books/2023/06/08/sherpa-by-nepali-authors-published-in-italian | title='Sherpa' by Nepali authors published in Italian }}</ref> In the Czech language it was published as ''Šerpové – Příběhy skutečných vládců Everestu'' by Alpress Publishing House based in Frydek-Mistek in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=T. H. T. |date=2025-05-30 |title=Nepali authors honored with Tenzing-Hillary Award for groundbreaking book on Sherpa heroes |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepali-authors-honored-with-tenzing-hillary-award-for-groundbreaking-book-on-sherpa-heroes |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Portal bar|Nepal|Books|Asia|Climbing}}

[[Category:2022 non-fiction books]]

Aryaman

2026-03-10T08:54:12Z

AlberthaPickard: updated lead after review

{{Short description|Vedic Hindu deities in the Rig Veda}}
{{distinguish|Airyaman|Ahriman}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = hindu
| mother = [[Aditi]]
| father = '''Vedic''': [[Vishnu]] 
'''Itihasa-Puranic''': [[Kashyapa]]
| planet = [[Sun]]
| deity_of = God of Customs;
Protector of [[Mare]]s, [[ Stallion]]s and [[Milky Way]], Wealth
| member_of = [[Adityas]]
| texts = [[Vedas]], [[Upanishads]]
| affiliation = [[Adityas]], [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]]
| consort = Mātṛkā {{small|(according to ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'')<ref name = "BhP" >{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-bhagavata-purana/d/doc1127150.html | title=Progeny of Dakṣa's Daughters [Chapter 6] | date=19 August 2022 }}</ref>}}
| children = Garṣaṇi {{small|(according to ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'')<ref name = "BhP" />}}
| Indo-european_equivalent = Heryomen
}}{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
'''Aryaman''' ({{langx|sa|अर्यमन्‌}}) is one of the early [[Rigvedic deities]].<ref name="Keith1989">{{cite book |author=Keith, Arthur Berriedale |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PaH4uKI7MaEC&pg=PA99 |title=The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Published |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-208-0645-0 |pages=99–}}</ref> His name signifies "Life-Partner", "Close Friend", "Sun", "Play-Fellow" or "Companion".<ref name="ReferenceA">Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary</ref> He is the third son of [[Kashyapa]] and [[Aditi]], the father and mother of the [[adityas]], and is depicted as the mid-morning [[Solar symbol|sun disc]]. He is the deity of the customs that rule the various Vedic tribes and people. His name is used widely across India for its deep roots in Hindu culture and rituals. <ref name=":0">{{cite book|author=Stephanie Jamison|title=The Rigveda –– Earliest Religious Poetry of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LTRDwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0190633394|page=44}}</ref>

In the Rigveda, Aryaman is described as the protector of [[mares]] and [[stallions]], and the [[Milky Way]] (aryamṇáḥ pánthāḥ) is said to be his path.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
Aryaman is commonly invoked together with [[Mitra (Vedic)|Mitra]]-[[Varuna]], [[Bhaga]], [[Bṛhaspati]], and other adityas and [[asura]]s.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

According to Griffith, the Rigveda also suggests that Aryaman is a supreme deity alongside Mitra and Varuna.<ref name="ref51qudak">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ot7NfhBy148C&dq=Aaryaman+supreme&pg=PA367 (The Hymns of the Rig Veda)]</ref> According to the Rigveda, [[Indra]], who is traditionally considered the most important deity in the Rigveda, is asked to obtain boons and gifts from Aryaman.<ref name="refduyak">[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv04030.htm(Rig Veda Book 4 Hymn 30)]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hindu marriage oaths are administered with an invocation to Aryaman being the witness to the event.<ref name="ref14doqol">[https://books.google.com/books?id=4g4cAQAAMAAJ वैदिक विवाह और विवाहित जीवन (Vedic weddings and married life)], रामशरण वशिष्ठ, ''... १४-२-१३--मेरी इस शुभ नारी को धाता प्रजा दे । इसे अर्यमन, मग, अश्विन, प्रजापति, सब प्रजा वाली करें। इसकी संतान बढ़े। ...''</ref><ref name="ref62gulaq">[https://books.google.com/books?id=PSghAAAAMAAJ हिन्दी कथा-कोष: प्राचीन हिन्दी साहित्य में व्यवहारता नामों तथा पौराणिक अंतरकथाओं का संदर्भ ग्रन्थ (Hindi Myth Treasury)], धीरेन्द्र वर्मा, हिन्दुस्तानी एकेडमी, 1974, ''... अर्यमन - १. एक वैदिक देवता जो विश्वदेवों में से एक हैं। २. कश्यप तथा अदिति के पुत्र पितृगण में प्रमुख हैं। ३. द्वादह आदित्यों में से एक जो वैशाख मास में उदय होते हैं और जिनकी किरणों की संख्या ३०० मानी जाती है।''</ref><ref name=":0" /> Aryaman also is the deity of the customs of hospitality.<ref name=":0" />

Aryaman is sometimes said to be the presiding deity of the [[Uttara Phalgunī]] Nakshatra based on Rg Veda. However, based on other texts, such as the nakshatra-focused ''Taittiriya Brahmanam'', Aryaman presides over [[Purva Phalgunī]].

==See also==
*[[Airyaman]]
*[[Amshuman (deity)]]
*[[List of solar deities]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Rigveda}}{{HinduMythology}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Adityas]]
[[Category:Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Rigvedic deities]]
[[Category:Solar gods]]

{{Hindu-deity-stub}}

P. K. Thressia

2026-03-09T12:19:03Z

AlberthaPickard: Done

{{Short description|Civil engineer}}{{Infobox person
| name = P. K. Thressia
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|03|12}}
| birth_place = [[Kerala]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1981|11|18|1924|03|12}}
| known_for = India's first female chief engineer
}}

'''P.K. Thressia''' (12 March 1924 - 18 November 1981) was a Civil Engineer and became India's first female chief engineer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Mohan, Shantha R.|title=Roots and wings : inspiring stories of Indian women in engineering|date=2018|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-64429-132-0|location=Chennai, India|oclc=1054198087}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2019-09-10|title=PK Thresia: The Forgotten Story of India's First Woman Chief Engineer|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/194588/kerala-pwd-pk-thresia-first-woman-chief-engineer-history-india/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=The Better India|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ponvannan, Gayathri|title=Unstoppable : 75 stories of trailblazing Indian women|isbn=978-93-88322-01-0|location=Gurgaon|oclc=1085964222}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
P.K. Thressia was born in [[Kerala]] on the 12 March 1924 into a devout Syrian Catholic family.<ref name=":0" /> She was the second of six children of Kunchalichy and Kakkappan Thressia. Her father worked as an [[agriculturist]].<ref name=":2" />

She attended the St Mary's High School in [[Kattoor, Thrissur|Kattoor]] and through her father's encouragement went onto study Civil Engineering at the [[College of Engineering, Guindy]] (CEG), alongside fellow women engineers, [[Ayyalasomayajula Lalitha]] and [[Leelamma Koshie]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Women Engineers of CEG|url=https://www.aaceg.org/women-engineers-ceg/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=AACEG|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030100445/https://www.aaceg.org/women-engineers-ceg/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She graduated in 1944, after her degree was compressed to three and half years due to the Second World War.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Engineering career ==
After graduating, Thressia worked as a Section Officer for the Public Works Commission of the [[Kingdom of Cochin]], (in modern day [[Kerala]]) which was under the British rule. She soon received a promotion to the Assistant Construction Engineer for the TB Sanatorium, [[Mulakunnathukavu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=mbcet|date=2017-07-09|title=P.K. Thressia: India's First Woman Chief Engineer|url=https://mbcet.wordpress.com/2017/07/09/p-k-thressia-indias-first-woman-chief-engineer/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=Engineering, Science & Technology Resources Portal|language=en}}</ref> She became Executive Engineer in 1956, which meant she had to move to [[Ernakulam]], where she worked for nine years. In 1966, she was promoted to Superintending Engineer of [[Kozhikode]] Roads and Buildings.<ref name=":0" />

In 1971, she was promoted to Chief Engineer of the [[Kerala|state of Kerala]].<ref name=":0" /> In this role she worked on significant road construction projects, pioneered the use of rubberised [[bitumen]] for road surfaces and commissioned up to 35 new bridges a year. Thressia also worked on infrastructure projects including the construction of hospitals.<ref name=":2" /> In ''Roots and Wings'', by Shantha Mohan, she is quoted as saying that 'an engineer's life is not as difficult as many women think.'<ref name=":0" />

P.K. Thressia retired in 1979, after working for the Kerala Public Works Department for 34 years and became a founding consultant for the firm Taj Engineers.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thressia, P.K.}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Engineers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian engineers]]

[[Category:20th-century women engineers]]
[[Category:College of Engineering, Guindy alumni]]
[[Category:Women civil engineers]]

List of Tamil films of 1942

2026-03-07T05:17:56Z

AlberthaPickard: small enhance content based on references also

{{Short description|None}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}

{{Tamil films}}

A list of films produced in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film industry in [[India]] in [[1942 in film|1942]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1942.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330005419/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1942.asp|url-status=usurped|archive-date=30 March 2017|title=1942 Tamil Films|access-date=2019-08-11|publisher=lakshmansruthi}}</ref>

==1942==
{|class="wikitable" width="auto" style="text-align: center"
![[Title]] !![[Film director|Director]] !! [[Film producer|Production]] !! [[Music]]!! [[Cast member|Cast]] !! Release date
|-
|''Alli Vijayam''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Aanandan|Aanandan or Agni Purana Mahimai]]''
| [[S. D. S. Yogi]]
| Mayuraa Films (S. S. S. Chokkalingam)
| [[G. Ramanathan]], T. A. Kalyanam Credited as Kalyanam Orchestra
| Krishna Kanthan, P. Saraswathy
|
|-
|''[[Ananthasayanam (1942 film)|Ananthasayanam]]''
| [[K. Subramanyam]]
|
| V. S. Parthasarathy Ayyangar
| [[K. Subramanyam]], [[S. D. Subbulakshmi]], [[M. V. Rajamma]], G. Pattu Iyer, [[V. N. Janaki]], [[R. B. Lakshmi Devi]], Vidwan Srinivasan, P. R. Rajagopala Iyer, C. N. Sadasivaiah, K. Nagalakshmi, Kumari Subbulakshmi, M. R. S. Mani, Jolly Kittu Iyer, T. S. Rajammal, Vishnu R. S. Ramaswami Iyengar, S. Radhakrishnan, Kulathu Mani, Komaali Sambhu, Thanjavur Mani Iyer, Ramachandran
|
|-
|''[[Araichimani|Aaraichimani or Manuneethi Chozhan]]''
| [[P. K. Raja Sandow]]
| Kandan & Co
| Srinivasa Rao
| P. B. Rangachari, [[M. R. Santhanalakshmi]], [[N. S. Krishnan]], [[T. A. Madhuram]], [[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]], [[S. Balachander|''Veenai'' S. Balachander]], [[S. Varalakshmi]]
|
|-
|''[[Bhaktha Naradar]]''
| S. Soundararajan
| S. Soundararajan, Tamil Nadu Talkies
| [[Papanasam Sivan]]. Background music by M. D. Parthasarathy & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| [[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan]], [[Kumari Rukmini|Rukmini]], Baby Jaya, [[Kothamangalam Subbu]], T. E. Krishnamachari, [[Kothamangalam Seenu]], L. Narayana Rao, M. S. Vijayal, T. N. Meenakshi, S. R. Vijaya, [[M. S. Sundhari Bai]], [[M. V. Mani]], Kumari, Murali
| 25-04-1942
|-
|''Chogamelar''
| C. V. Raman
| C. V. Raman, Lalitha Cinetone
| G. Sundara Bhagavathar
| [[Kothamangalam Seenu]], K. Aranganayaki, [[M. R. Radha]], Kulathu Mani, P. S. Gnanam, T. K. Pushpavalli
|
|-
|''College Kumari''
| G. G. Mama Sindhe
| Prakjjothi Pictures
|
| M. Bhavani Sangkar, Robin Babu, G. R. Sandoa, Khoko, T. S. Dhamayandhi, K. S. Angamuthu, M. V. Sarojamma
| 21-02-1942
|-
|''[[En Manaivi]]''
| [[Sundar Rao Nadkarni]]
| [[A. V. Meiyappan]], [[AVM Productions]]
| R. Sudharsanam
| [[K. Sarangapani]], [[K. R. Chellam]], Nagercoil K. Mahadevan, R. Padma, M. K. Meenalochani, Rallabandi Natesam
|
|-
|''[[Gangavathar]]''
| C. K. Sachi
| KSS Pictures
|
| [[N. C. Vasanthakokilam]], Nagercoil K. Mahadevan, C. V. V. Panthulu, [[B. R. Panthulu]], P. G. Venkatesan, [[D. Balasubramaniam]], [[V. N. Janaki]], T. S. Damayanthi, M. Lakshmanan, R. Rajagopalan, S. K. Padmadevi, T. V. Lakshmi, [[Kali N. Rathnam]], C. T. Rajakantham, [[T. S. Durairaj]], M. R. Swaminathan, P. R. Mangalam, T. V. A. Poorani
| 13-02-1942
|-
|''[[Kannagi (1942 film)|Kannagi]]''
| R. S. Mani
| M. Somasundaram & S. K. Mohideen, [[Jupiter Pictures]]
| [[S. V. Venkatraman]]
| [[P. U. Chinnappa]], [[P. Kannamba]], M. S. Saroja, [[N. S. Krishnan]], [[T. A. Madhuram]], M. Saroja, [[S. V. Sahasranamam]], [[T. R. Ramachandran]], [[U. R. Jeevarathinam]] and dance by [[B. S. Saroja]]
| 22-08-1942
|-
|''Krishna Pidaran''
| C. V. Raman
| T. K. Productions
| [[G. Ramanathan]]
| Vaikkam Mani, [[Kothamangalam Seenu]], C. V. V. Panthulu, [[N. S. Krishnan]], [[T. A. Madhuram]], Mayavaram Pappa, P. S. Gnanam
| 07-01-1942
|-
|''Manamaaligai''
| D.V. Swami
|
| P. S. Srinivasarao
| P. S. Srinivasarao, S. R. Sandoa, M. V. Raju, S. S. Mani, M. A. Rajamani, Seethalakshmi, Kamalabai
|
|-
|''[[Manonmani]]''
| [[T. R. Sundaram]]
| [[T. R. Sundaram]], [[Modern Theatres]]
| T. A. Kalyanam Credited as Kalyanam Orchestra
| [[P. U. Chinnappa]], [[T. R. Rajakumari]], [[Serukulathur Sama]], [[T. S. Balaiah]], [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]], [[N. S. Krishnan]], [[T. A. Madhuram]], [[Kali N. Rathnam]], C. T. Rajakantham, [[R. Balasubramaniam]], K. K. Perumal, A. Sakunthala, L. Narayana Rao, S. S. Kokko, P. R. Mangalam, P. G. Venkatesan, T. R. B. Rao, M. E. Madhavan, ''Buffoon'' Shanmugham, J. M. G. Sarada, G. Saraswathi
| 07-11-1942
|-
|''Mayajothi''
| R.Padmanaban
| Modern Theatres
| Shama
| [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]], Kali N. Rathnam, P. G. Venkatesan, [[T. S. Durairaj]], Meenakshi Ammal, T. S. Rajalakshmi, C. T. Rajakantham
| 15-08-1942
|-
|''[[Nandanar (1942 film)|Nandanar]]''
| Murugadasa (A. Muthuswami Iyer)
| [[S. S. Vasan]], [[Gemini Studios]]
| M. D. Parthasarathy & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]], [[Serukulathur Sama]], [[Kothamangalam Subbu]], L. Narayana Rao, M. S. Sundhari Bai
| 20-09-1942
|-
|''[[Panchamirtham (1942 film)|Panchamirtham]]'' (''Naadaga Medai'' & ''Thiruvaazhatthaan'')
| Jithan Banerji
|
|
| [[K. Sarangapani]], L. Narayana Rao, P. D. Sammantham, T. S. Vijaya, C. K. Kamalam, P. R. Mangalam, [[P. A. Periyanayaki]]
|
|-
|''Pookailas''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Prithivirajan]]''
| B. Sampathkumar
| [[Central Studios]] and Haran Talkies
| [[G. Ramanathan]]
| [[P. U. Chinnappa]], A. Sakunthala, [[T. S. Balaiah]], T. M. Ramaswami Pillai, [[M. R. Santhanalakshmi]], S. D. Subbaiah, G. M. Basheer, [[N. S. Krishnan]], [[T. A. Mathuram]], T. K. Sampangi, T. R. B. Rao, S. Velusami Kavi, [[Kali N. Rathnam]], C. T. Rajakantham, P. S. Gnanam, K. K. Krishnaveni
| 29-04-1942
|-
|''[[Rajasooyam]]''<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/rajasuyam-1942/article5204086.ece Rajasuyam]</ref>
| Shama-Ramu
| Bharath Pictures
|
| [[V. N. Sundaram]], [[Serukalathur Sama]], [[R. Balasubramaniam]], C. V. V. Panthulu, K. V. Jeya Gowri, S. C. Gompathi, P. R. Mangalam
| 04-04-1942
|-
|''[[Sanyasi-Samsari|Samsari]]''
| M. Krishnaratnam
| Jupiter Films
| Nataraja Achari
| Gavai Sathasivam, P. T. Ram, Puthukottai S. Rukmani, ''Vikatakavi'' Mariyappa, T. K. Ranjitham, K. Varalakshmi, K. Rajalakshmi, T.'A. Rajeswari, M. Natanam, T. S. Lokanathan, P. S. B. Thondaiman
|
|-
|''[[Sanyasi-Samsari|Sanyasi]]''
| M. Krishnaratnam
| Jupiter Films
| M. S. Gnanamani
| P. A. Kumar, P. G. Venkatesan, M. L. Pathi, C. S. D.Singh, ''Kottapuli'' Jayaram, P. S. Gnanam, P. R. Mangalam, T. S. Jaya, ''Loose'' Arumugam, ''Master'' Thangavel, M. V. Swaminathan and Kumari Selva
|
|-
|''[[Sathi Sukanya (1942 film)|Sathi Sukanya]]''
| [[T. R. Sundaram]] & P. V. Chari
| Sri Meenakshi Film Company
| T. A. Kalyanam (Lyrics: P. R. Rajagopala Iyer)
| [[Honnappa Bhagavathar|C. Honnappa Bhagavathar]], [[T. R. Rajakumari]], [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]], [[Kali N. Rathnam]], [[V. M. Ezhumalai]], S. S. Kokko (Real name: Pasupuleti Srinivasulu Naidu)
|
|-
|''Sivalinga Satchi''
| [[S. Nottani]]
| [[T. R. Sundaram]], [[Modern Theatres]]
| T. A. Kalyanam
| C. S. Ganesa Bhagavadar, Kali N. Rathnam, M. R. Swaminathan, [[T. S. Durairaj]], A. K. Rajalakshmi, C. T. Rajakantham, M. M. Radha Bai, T. N. Meenatchi
|
|-
|''Soma Mayilar''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Tamizhariyum Perumal]]''
| T. R. Raghunath
| [[R. Ramanathan Chettiar]], Uma Pictures
|
| V. A. Chellappa, [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[M. R. Santhanalakshmi]], [[R. Balasubramaniam]], [[T. S. Durairaj]], M. S. Devasena, [[M. G. Chakrapani]], T. S. Jaya, [[Kali N. Rathnam]], C. T. Rajakantham, Kumari Mangalam - S. Yogambal (later Yogam-Mangalam), K. N. Rajalakshmi, V. Nataraj
| 25-04-1942/30-04-1942
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tamil cinema}}
{{1942 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil Films Of 1942}}
[[Category:1942 in Indian cinema|Films, Tamil]]
[[Category:Lists of 1942 films by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Tamil films by year|1942]]
[[Category:1942 Tamil-language films| ]]
[[Category:1940s Indian films]]

Tharle Village

2026-03-03T21:35:38Z

AlberthaPickard: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Tharle Village
| image = Tharle Village Kannada Film Poster.png
| alt = Tharle Village Kannada Film Poster
| caption = Film Poster
| director = K M Raghu
| producer = Shiva SB
| writer = K M Raghu (Dialogue)
| screenplay = Sidhe Gowda GBS
| story = Sidhe Gowda GBS
| based_on = 
| starring = Singrigowda Channegowda Thammegowda Abhishek H.N.
| narrator = 
| music = Veer Samarth
| cinematography =
| editing = KM Prakash
| studio = Jeevitha Creations
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2016|12|16}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Kannada]]
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Tharle Village''''', also referred to as '''''Tarle Village''''', is a 2016 Indian [[Kannada]] comedy drama film written and directed by KM Raghu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/tharle-village-ready-gaddappacentury-gowda-again-kannada-news-172461.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222110048/http://www.indiaglitz.com/tharle-village-ready-gaddappacentury-gowda-again-kannada-news-172461.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2017|title=Tharle Village ready Gaddappacentury gowda again|newspaper=IndiaGlitz|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref> The film uses several actors from the 2015 [[Raam Reddy]] film ''[[Thithi (film)|Thithi]],'' Channegowda, Thammegowda, Abhishek H.N., and Singrigowda, but is otherwise unrelated to the film.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/thithi-actors-being-misused/articleshow/56147631.cms|title=Thithi actors being misused?|newspaper=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The movie follows several villagers through various exploits and troubles, such as a series of mysterious deaths and an affair.

== Cast ==
* Singrigowda as Nanjappa
* Channegowda as Gaddappa
* Thammegowda
* Abhishek H.N.

== Reception ==
Reception for ''Tharle Village'' has been mixed, with most critics feeling that the movie did not measure up favorably to ''Thithi''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tharle-village-tries-be-thithi-part-2-falls-predictable-traps-54369|title=Review: Tharle Village tries to be Thithi Part 2, but falls into predictable traps|date=2016-12-16|newspaper=[[The News Minute]]|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/tarle-village/movie-review/56021729.cms|title=Tarle Village Movie Review|website=The Times of India|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref>''The Bangalore Mirror'' rated the movie at three out of five stars, commenting that "Tarle Village (Mischievous Village) lacks the wry humour and realistic portrayal of village life that was Thithi."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-tarle-village/articleshow/56025289.cms|title=Movie Review: Tarle Village - Bangalore Mirror -|newspaper=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' also felt that ''Tharle Village'' was not ''Thithi''<nowiki/>'s equivalent, but gave it "a thumbs up for its honesty. The film is offbeat and is for people who miss the rustic past."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/dec/17/tarle-village-impresses-in-bits-1549860.html|title=Tarle Village impresses in bits|newspaper=The New Indian Express|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref>

''[[The Hindu]]'' was highly critical of the movie, writing that "K.M. Raghu’s poorly conceived and executed film ''Tharle Village'' makes you wonder about the relationship between the characters of a story and the story itself."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/Internet-memes-cannot-double-up-as-films/article16860950.ece|title=Internet memes cannot double up as films|last=Nathan|first=Archana|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-21|language=en}}</ref>

=== Criticism ===
There was concern that ''Tharle Village'', along with other movies that were casting the ''Thithi'' actors in similar or nearly identical roles, were exploiting the actors, prompting ''Thithi'' screenwriter [[Eregowda|Eragowda]] to state that he was "disturbed after seeing how the actors of ''Thithi'' have been recently misused and misappropriated in recent Kannada films."<ref name=":0" /> Director Raam Reddy commented that he felt that the actors deserve recognition but that "instead of playing characters that are very similar to their fictional roles in ''Thithi,'' it would be much more exciting to see them playing original roles in all their new films."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/raam-reddy-interview-on-thithi-clones-unconditioning-and-life-after-a-great-debut-film-3224564.html|title=Raam Reddy interview: On Thithi clones, unconditioning and life after a great debut film|date=2017-01-28|newspaper=Firstpost|access-date=2017-02-21|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2016 comedy films]]

Kusruthikaatu

2026-03-03T21:20:32Z

AlberthaPickard: revise

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kusruthikaatu
| image =
| caption =
| director = Suresh Vinu
| producer = [[Mani C. Kappan]]
| writer = [V. C. Ashok
| screenplay = [[J. Pallassery]]
| starring = [[Jayaram]] [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]] [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] [[Chippy (actress)|Chippy]] [[Mani C. Kappan]]
| music = [[S. P. Venkatesh]] (Score) Tomin Thachankary (Songs)
| cinematography = [[Saloo George]]
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1995|3|5|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kusruthikaatu''''' ({{Translation|Mischievous wind}}) is a 1995 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed by Suresh Vinu and produced by [[Mani C. Kappan]]. The film stars [[Jayaram]], [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] and [[Chippy (actress)|Chippy]] in lead roles. The musical score of the film was composed by [[S. P. Venkatesh]] while the songs were composed by Tomin J. Thachankery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/kusruthikaatu.html|title=Kusruthikaatu|accessdate=2014-09-19|publisher=filmibeat.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/kusruthikaatu-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092116/http://spicyonion.com/title/kusruthikaatu-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Kusruthikaatu|accessdate=2014-09-19|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{No plot|date=September 2024}}

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Jayaram]] as Nandagopal / Nandu
*[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]] as Indira Nandagopal / Indu
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Madhavan Kutty
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Chandradas, Indira's father
*[[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Dr. K. Gopala Menon
*[[Chippy (actress)|Chippy]] as Ganga Thomas
*[[V. D. Rajappan]] as Kariyachan
*[[Indrans]] as Arogya Swami
*[[Jose Pellissery]] as Roy Zachariah, College Principal
*[[Kanakalatha]] as Indira's aunt
*[[Mani C. Kappan]] as Jeevan, Ganga's brother
*Ragini as Chinnamma Kariyachan
*[[Saradha Preetha]] as Reshma
*Mini Arun as Treesa
*[[K. R. Vatsala]] as Homemaker
*[[Sonia (actress)|Sonia]] as Monica
*[[Thesni Khan]] as Riya
*[[Philomina]] as Treesa's mother-in-law
*[[Kundara Johny]]
*[[Krishna Prasad (actor)|Krishna Prasad]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0353617}}
* {{YouTube|id=nnhdmJZ0Nsc|title=Kusruthikaatu}}

[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:1995 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1995 Indian films]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1995 comedy-drama films]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Saranam Ayyappa

2026-03-03T05:23:29Z

AlberthaPickard: small enhanced structure for consistency additionally

{{No plot|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Saranam Ayyappa
| image = Saranam Ayyappa.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = Dasarathan
| producer = Dasarathan Tha. Kittu
| starring = Bhoopathi [[Radha Ravi]] [[Vijayan (actor)|Vijayan]] [[Jayabharathi]] [[Suruli Rajan]] [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
| cinematography = S. M. Gaanam
| editing = R. Devarajan
| music = [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
| studio = Amutheswari Films
| released = {{Film date|1980|11|28|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Saranam Ayyappa''''' is 1980 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[devotional film]], directed and produced by Dasarathan. The film stars [[Jayabharathi]] in the lead role. It was released on 28 November 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=saranam iyyappa ( 1980 ) |url=http://cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=saranam%20iyyappa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029124457/http://cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=saranam%20iyyappa |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* Boopathi
*Raviraj
*Aboo Backer as Inspector
* Rajakrishna
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Saraswathi
*[[Vijayan (actor)|Vijayan]] as Vijay
*[[Radha Ravi]]
*[[M. R. Radha]]
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
*[[Suruli Rajan]]
*[[Sarath Babu]]
*[[Poornima (Telugu actress)|Poornima]]
*[[Kamal Haasan]] (guest appearance)<ref name="Kamal">{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=7 November 2017 |title=பிறந்த நாளில்... புதிதாய்ப் பிறக்கிறார்! கமலவதாரம்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/106749-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703155115/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/106749-.html |archive-date=3 July 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V.K.Ramasamy]] as Gurusamy
*[[Goundamani]] as 'Jailer' Jagadep
*[[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] as [[CID Shankar]]
*[[K. J. Yesudas]] Guest appearance
}}

== Production ==
The filming was completed within three months. To seek blessings from [[Ayyappan]] to make the film successful, the director Dasarathan and his crew undertook a pilgrimage from Chennai to [[Sabarimala Temple|Sabarimala]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=16 February 1981 |title=520 கிலோமீட்டர், 32 நாட்கள் ஒரு பாத யாத்திரை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-02-16/page/n55/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230529084242/https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-02-16/page/n55/mode/2up |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=54–55 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saranam Ayyappa Tamil devotional Film EP Vinyl Record |url=https://mossymart.com/product/saranam-ayyappa-tamil-devotional-film-ep-vinyl-record/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404160528/https://mossymart.com/product/saranam-ayyappa-tamil-devotional-film-ep-vinyl-record/ |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saranam Ayyapa |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/saranam-ayyapa/nv0iywJooh8_ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414111338/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/saranam-ayyapa/nv0iywJooh8_ |archive-date=14 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> The song "Poiyindri Meiyyodu" became hugely popular.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2020 |title=இசையமைப்பாளர் சந்திரபோஸ் 10ம் ஆண்டு நினைவுதினம் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/585457-music-director-chandra-bose.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411154545/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/585457-music-director-chandra-bose.html |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2010 |title=Music director Chandrabose dead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Music-director-Chandrabose-dead/articleshow/6654552.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405214122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Music-director-Chandrabose-dead/articleshow/6654552.cms |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Kamal Haasan]] recorded a song "Anna Vaada" for this film.<ref name="Kamal" />

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Poiyindri Meiyodu
| length1 =
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| title2 = Malai Meethu
| length2 =
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = K. Veeramani
| title3 = Sonnal Inikkuthu
| length3 =
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Rajee
| title4 = Saami Thinthakathom
| length4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = Seerkazhi Govindarajan
| title5 = Anna Vaada
| length5 =
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = [[Kamal Haasan]]
}}

== Critical reception ==
Naagai Dharuman of ''Anna'' praised director Dasarathan for portraying Sabarimala beautifully in depth while also praising music and cinematography.<ref>{{Cite news |last=தருமன் |first=நாகை |date=30 November 1980 |title=சரணம் ஐயப்பா |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_5_38/4.jp2/full/1000,1395/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601115921/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_5_38/4.jp2/full/1000,1395/0/default.jpg |archive-date=2025-06-01 |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|}}

[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1980 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chandrabose (composer)]]
[[Category:Hindu devotional films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Kathanayagan (2017 film)

2026-03-03T03:20:33Z

AlberthaPickard: creating initial post with sources

{{short description|2017 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film by Tha. Muruganantham}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kathanayagan
| image =File:Kathanayagan_Poster.jpg
| director = Tha. Muruganantham
| producer = [[Vishnu Vishal]] Rajini Natraj
| writer = Tha. Muruganantham
| starring = [[Vishnu Vishal]] [[Catherine Tresa]] [[Anandaraj]] [[Soori (actor)|Soori]]
| narrator = [[Silambarasan]]
| music = [[Sean Roldan]]
| cinematography = J. Laxman
| editing = R. Sridharan
| studio = [[Vishnu Vishal|Vishnu Vishal Studioz]]
| distributor = [[Fox Star Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|09|08}}
| runtime = 116 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| gross =
}}
'''''Kathanayagan''''' ({{translation}} Lead Hero) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by Tha. Muruganantham. Produced by [[Vishnu Vishal]], the film also stars him alongside [[Catherine Tresa]], [[Anandaraj]], and [[Soori (actor)|Soori]]. Featuring music composed by [[Sean Roldan]], the venture began production in September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vishnu Vishal will continue producing crowd pleasing entertainers |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vishnu-vishal-will-continue-producing-crowd-pleasing-entertainers-news-tamil-qjmqdUijdcbag.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913003027/http://www.sify.com/movies/vishnu-vishal-will-continue-producing-crowd-pleasing-entertainers-news-tamil-qjmqdUijdcbag.html |archive-date=13 September 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film was released on 8 September 2017 and received negative reviews from film critics and the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2020 |title=Kathanayagan review: This Vishnu Vishal film produces intermittent smiles rather than laughs |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kollywood-movie-review/kathanayagan-movie-review-vishnu-catherine-tresa-star-rating-4832886/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015045026/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kollywood-movie-review/kathanayagan-movie-review-vishnu-catherine-tresa-star-rating-4832886/ |archive-date=15 October 2017 |access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{Expand section|June 2025|date=June 2025}}
A revenue inspector falls in love with a girl but faces problems due to his cowardliness. He is compelled to find a way to prove himself to her father, who wants her to marry a brave man.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Vishnu Vishal]] as Thambidurai
* [[Catherine Tresa]] as Kanmani
* [[Anandaraj]] as Dubai Sheikh Kaaja Bhai
* [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Annadurai
* [[Jeeva Ravi]] as Subhash Chandran, Thambidurai's father
* [[Saranya Ponvannan]] as Thambidurai's mother
* [[K. Natraj]] as Subramani, Kanmani's father
* [[Meera Krishnan]] as Padma, Kanmani's mother
* [[Aruldoss]] as Doss
* [[Motta Rajendran]] as Mike Maari (Orchestra singer)
* [[Angadi Theru|"Angadi Theru" Sindhu]] as Annadurai's wife
* [[Siddharth Vipin]] as Doctor
* [[Manobala]] as Swamy
* [[Swaminathan]] as Mani
* Sri Durga as Durga, Thambidurai's sister
* [[Supergood Subramani]] as Maths Teacher
* Boxer Arumugam as Singam
* [[Kovai Babu]] as Saravanan
* Jeyaraj as Saravanan's father
* Dakshayini as Saravanan's mother
* Maayi Sundar as Kaaja Bhai's assistant
* Dr. Arun Chinniah
* Vinitha as Hospital Receptionist
* [[Vijay Sethupathi]] as Dr. Phoenix Raj (in a special appearance)
* Tha. Muruganantham in a special appearance in song "Sunday Na Bottle Edu"
* [[Shobi Paulraj]] in a special appearance in song "Sunday Na Bottle Edu"
* M. Sherif special appearance in song "On Nenappu"
* [[Athulya Ravi]] as Kanmani's friend (uncredited)
{{colend}}

==Production==
Vishnu announced the film in September 2016, revealing that he would produce and star in a comedy film directed by newcomer Muruganandham.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sean Roldan to work in Vishnu Vishal's movie | News Today |url=http://newstodaynet.com/entertainment/sean-roldan-work-vishnu-vishal%E2%80%99s-movie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105032312/http://newstodaynet.com/entertainment/sean-roldan-work-vishnu-vishal%E2%80%99s-movie |archive-date=5 November 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> The film began later that month, with [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] also joining the cast and [[Sean Roldan]] signed on as the music composer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silukkuvarupatti Singam Tamil Movie Preview cinema review stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vishnu-vishalcatherine-tresa-untitled-tamil-movie-preview-21145.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007011314/https://www.indiaglitz.com/vishnu-vishalcatherine-tresa-untitled-tamil-movie-preview-21145.html |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> Actress [[Catherine Tresa]] signed the film after her other film with Vishnu, Shankar Dayal's ''Veera Dheera Sooran'', got shelved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2016 |title=This year's Super hit hero-comedian combo is back again - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/soori-and-music-director-sean-roldon-in-vishnu-vishal-catherine-tresa-film-tamil-news-167683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007011315/https://www.indiaglitz.com/soori-and-music-director-sean-roldon-in-vishnu-vishal-catherine-tresa-film-tamil-news-167683.html |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> In early November 2016, Vishnu announced that the film would be titled ''Katha Nayagan''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2016 |title=Vishnu Vishal's next film has been titled as Katha Nayagan |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vishnu-vishals-next-film-has-been-titled-as-katha-nayagan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105094413/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vishnu-vishals-next-film-has-been-titled-as-katha-nayagan.html |archive-date=5 November 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> [[Silambarasan]] has given an opening voice over in the film and whereas [[Vijay Sethupathi]] has done a guest appearance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-14 |title=A laugh-riot in the making |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/140817/a-laugh-riot-in-the-making.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814005551/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/140817/a-laugh-riot-in-the-making.html |archive-date=14 August 2017 |access-date=2017-08-14 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Sean Roldan]] and released by [[Sony Music India]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Kathanayagan
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sean Roldan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 8 Aug, 2017
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 14:30
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = [[Sean Roldan]]
| prev_title = [[Pa. Pandi]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Neruppu Da]]
| next_year = 2017
}}

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 14:30
| title1 = Kathanayagan The Hero
| extra1 = [[Sean Roldan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Sean Roldan]]
| length1 = 2:41
| title2 = On Nenappu
| extra2 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| lyrics2 = GKB
| length2 = 3:13
| title3 =Tappu Tippu
| extra3 = [[Mukesh Mohamed]]
| lyrics3 = Tha. Muruganantham
| length3 = 3:02
| title4 = Sunday Na Bottle Edu
| extra4 = Ravi G
| lyrics4 = Ravi G
| length4 = 3:15
| title5 = Rise of a Hero
| note5 = [[Instrumental]]
| length5 = 2:19
}}

==Release==
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[STAR Vijay]]. Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote "Kathanayagan, directed by Tha. Muruganantham, is full of potential running gags that aren’t allowed to… run. Everything comes and goes. Nothing sticks."<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2017 |title=Kathanayagan Movie Review |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/kathanayagan-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007011313/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/kathanayagan-movie-review |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt7297844}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sean Roldan]]
[[Category:Fox Star Studios films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2017 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Bhatti (surname)

2026-02-27T00:05:22Z

AlberthaPickard: created pg

'''Bhatti''' is a surname.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Tej Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WcnnB-Lx2MAC&dq=Bhatti+surname&pg=PA92 |title=Personal and Geographical Names in the Gupta Inscriptions |date=1978 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Jayanta Bhusan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AOlHAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhatti+surname |title=Social and Polity Formations in Pre-colonial North-east India: The Barak Valley Experience |date=1991 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-0-7069-5464-7 |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref>

People with surname include;
* [[Adil Bhatti]] (born 1984), American cricketer
* [[Arfan Bhatti]] (born 1977), Norwegian Islamist, and a leading figure in the Islamic State-affiliated group Profetens Ummah
* [[Arif Iqbal Bhatti]] (died 1997), Pakistani jurist who was Judge of the Lahore High Court and was murdered for alleged blasphemy in verdict
* [[Arif Masih Bhatti]] (born 1970), Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from June 2013 to May 2018
* [[Barbar Bhatti]] (born 1949), British actor of Pakistani origin
* [[Bhanwar Singh Bhati]] (born 1974), Indian politician who is serving as the State Higher Education Minister of Rajasthan
* [[Bilal Akbar Bhatti]] (born 1976), Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018
* [[Bilawal Bhatti]] (born 1991), international cricketer from Pakistan, primarily utilized as an all-rounder
* [[Gurpreet Kaur Bhatti]], ’s first play ''Behsharam'' (''Shameless'') broke box office records when it played at Soho Theatre and the Birmingham Rep in 2001.
* [[Irfan Bhatti (cricketer, born 1964)]], Pakistani cricketer
* [[Irfan Bhatti (cricketer, born 1979)]], Kuwaiti cricketer
* [[Imtiaz Bhatti]] (1933–2024), Pakistani cyclist and Air Force pilot and officer
* [[Jamie Bhatti]] (born 1993), Scottish international rugby union footballer who currently plays as a loose head prop for Edinburgh Rugby
* [[Jaspal Bhatti]], former Indian comedian and actor
* [[Javed Bhatti]], former cricketer who played first-class cricket for Bahawalpur in Pakistan from 1958 to 1975
* [[Mehdi Hassan Bhatti]] (born 1955), politician from Hafizabad District, Punjab, Pakistan
* [[Muhammad Ameer Bhatti]] (born 1962), has been Justice of the Lahore High Court since 12 May 2011
* [[Muhammad Irfan Saeed Bhatti]] (born 1992), Pakistani badminton player
* [[Mukhtar Bhatti]] (born 1932), Pakistani field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics
* [[Munir Bhatti]], retired field hockey player who was a member of the Pakistan National Hockey Team from 1978 to 1979. He was born in Sialkot. A half back, he was capped by Pakistan 13 times, scoring no goals
* [[Nighat Intisar Bhatti]] (born 1966), Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2014 to May 2018
* [[Omer Bhatti]] (born 1984), Norwegian rapper and dancer
* [[Parveen Masood Bhatti]], Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from March 2008 to May 2018
* [[Parwano Bhatti]] (1934–2016), prominent Sindhi-language poet, writer and journalist. He died at the age of 82
* [[Paul Bhatti]], continues his struggle as Chairman of All Pakistan Minorities Alliance (APMA) and Shahbaz Bhatti Memorial Trust (SBMT)
* [[Rai Bhoe Bhatti]] (14the century), Muslim Rajput noble
* [[Rai Bular Bhatti]] (died 1515), Muslim Rajput noble, son of the above
* [[Raja Aziz Bhatti]] (1928–1965), military officer in the Pakistan Army who was cited with the ''Nishan-e-Haider'' (Eng. Lit.: ''Emblem of Lion'') for his actions of valor during the Battle of Burki in second war with India in 1965
* [[Rasheed Bhatti]] (born 1952), Pakistani former first-class cricketer who played for Lahore cricket team. Later he became an umpire and stood in matches in the 2005–06 ABN-AMRO Twenty-20 Cup
* [[Rao Bhatti]], credited with establishing the modern town of Bathinda, Indian Punjab in the Lakhi jungle area in the 3rd century
* [[Rustam Bhatti]] (born 1990), Canadian cricketer of Pakistani origin who represents the Canada national cricket team. He is a right hand batsman who has also captained the Canada U-19 cricket team
* [[Saqib Bhatti]] (born 1985), British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Meriden since the 2019 general election
* [[Shahid Hussain Bhatti]], Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from September 2013 to May 2018
* [[Shaukat Ali Bhatti]] (born 1974), Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since August 2018
* [[Sidra Nawaz]] (born 1994), Pakistani Cricketer
* [[Umar Bhatti]], A Canadian cricketer
* [[Waseem Bhatti]] (born 1978), French cricketer of Pakistani origin
* Zafar Rasheed Bhatti (1950s–2020), Pakistani journalist

==See also==
*[[Bhatti Kavya]]
*[[Bhati (surname)]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Surnames|Bhatti}}

[[Category:Surnames]]

Visu

2026-02-18T22:47:23Z

AlberthaPickard: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian screenwriter and film director (1945–2020)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Visu
| image =
| birth_name = Meenakshisundaram Ramasamy Viswanathan<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 August 2004 |title=CHATTING for a cause |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/08/19/stories/2004081900020100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041019131223/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/08/19/stories/2004081900020100.htm |archive-date=19 October 2004}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date|1945|07|01|df=y}}<ref name="tamilfilmdirectorsassociation">{{Cite web |title=TANTIS |url=http://tamilfilmdirectorsassociation.com/profile.php?sno=1783 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302092730/http://tamilfilmdirectorsassociation.com/profile.php?sno=1783 |archive-date=2 March 2014 |access-date=2014-07-20 |publisher=tamilfilmdirectorsassociation.com}}</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|03|22|1945|07|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kalakkad]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_place = [[Chennai]], India
| relatives =
| spouse = Sundari
| children = 3
| occupation = Film director, Screenwriter, Actor, Television host.
| yearsactive = 1977–2019
}}
'''Meenakshisundaram Ramasamy Viswanathan''' (1 July 1945 – 22 March 2020), best known by his stage name '''Visu''', was an Indian screenwriter, film director, stage, film and television actor and talk-show host known for his work in Tamil theatre and film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balasubramanian |first=V. |date=3 April 2014 |title=I never left the stage |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/i-never-left-the-stage/article5867255.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911104101/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/i-never-left-the-stage/article5867255.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019 |access-date=4 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Visu initially worked as an assistant to director [[K. Balachander]] until becoming a director himself. He later began acting, with his first notable film being ''[[Kudumbam Oru Kadambam]]'' (1981), directed by [[S. P. Muthuraman]].

== Career==
Visu started his career as a theatre artist, working with [[Y. G. Parthasarathy]]'s troupe. He was writing scripts for stage dramas before getting into the film industry as an assistant to director [[K. Balachander]]. During his time with Balachander, he wrote screenplays for numerous films including ''[[Pattina Pravesam]]'' (1977), ''[[Avan Aval Adhu]]'' (1980), ''[[Thillu Mullu]]'' (1981) and ''[[Netrikkan]]'' (1981). ''Thillu Mullu'' and ''Netrikkan'', which were both released in 1981, became box office hits for actor [[Rajinikanth]]. Visu made his debut as a character actor in the film ''[[Kudumbam Oru Kadambam]]'' (1981), for which he also wrote the screenplay. The film was directed by [[S. P. Muthuraman]].

His first film as a director was ''[[Manal Kayiru]]'' (1982). Most of his films including ''Manal Kayiru'', ''[[Dowry Kalyanam]]'' (1983), ''[[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]]'' (1986), ''[[Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi]]'' (1987), ''[[Penmani Aval Kanmani]]'' (1988), ''[[Vedikkai En Vadikkai]]'' (1990) and ''[[Pattukottai Periyappa]]'' (1994) spoke about the issues of urban middle-class families. These films, which were released in the mid-80s, turned out to be crowd pullers, particularly with regard to the female audience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2020 |title=Tamil actor-director Visu passes away |url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/tamil-actor-director-visu-passes-away/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130021024/https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/tamil-actor-director-visu-passes-away/ |archive-date=30 January 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref> His other super hit was ''[[Chidambara Rahasiyam (film)|Chidambara Rahasiyam]]'' (1985), which is considered a cult-classic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran Tamil actor, director Visu passes away at 74 |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2020/03/22/veteran-tamil-actor-director-visu-passes-away-at-74.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131142600/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2020/03/22/veteran-tamil-actor-director-visu-passes-away-at-74.html |archive-date=31 January 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=The Week}}</ref>

While he has directed a rage of actors on screen, he and his brother [[Kishmu]] used to star in many of his films. His film ''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues]] in 1992. Based on [[Alcohol prohibition in India|prohibition]], the film was the last onscreen appearance of then Tamil Nadu chief minister, [[J. Jayalalithaa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering veteran actor Visu, pioneer of successful family-friendly Tamil films |date=23 March 2020 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/mar/23/remembering-veteran-actor-visu-pioneer-of-successful-family-friendly-tamil-films-2120299.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129112545/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/mar/23/remembering-veteran-actor-visu-pioneer-of-successful-family-friendly-tamil-films-2120299.html |archive-date=29 January 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref>

He has also shared the screen with Rajinikanth in ''[[Nallavanukku Nallavan]]'' (1984), ''[[Mr. Bharath]]'' (1986), ''[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]'' (1992), ''[[Uzhaippali]]'' (1993) and ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]'' (1997).

During the ending phase of his career, he made movies which did not leave a lasting mark on the audience as ''[[Vaa Magale Vaa]]'' (1994), ''[[Meendum Savithri]]'' (1996) and ''[[Sigamani Ramamani]]'' (2001).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kollywood Director Visu Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/tamil/director/visu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130062415/https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/tamil/director/visu |archive-date=30 January 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref>

Actor and stage artiste [[S. Ve. Shekher]], who worked in over 20 films with Visu, called him extremely disciplined and committed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 2020 |title=Actor, director Visu dies at 75, funeral to be held on Monday |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/actor-director-visu-dies-at-75-funeral-to-be-held-on-monday/article31136715.ece |url-status=live |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110010035/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/actor-director-visu-dies-at-75-funeral-to-be-held-on-monday/article31136715.ece |archive-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>

As an actor, he was last seen in ''[[Manal Kayiru 2]]'' (2016), the sequel to one of his earliest directorial successes, ''Manal Kayiru''.

He is known to have starred in over 60 films and directed around 25 films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran Tamil actor-director Visu dies of prolonged kidney-related ailments at age 74 |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2020/mar/22/veteran-tamil-actor-director-visu-dies-of-prolonged-kidney-related-ailments-at-age-74-23355.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130014324/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2020/mar/22/veteran-tamil-actor-director-visu-dies-of-prolonged-kidney-related-ailments-at-age-74-23355.html |archive-date=30 January 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=[[Indulge Express]]}}</ref>

Visu later became known for hosting live debates on television, namely ''Arattai Arangam'' on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] and ''Visuvin Makkal Arangam'' on [[Jaya TV]].<ref name="hindu">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2004 |title=Inimitable Visu |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/09/11/stories/2004091100320200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124084904/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/09/11/stories/2004091100320200.htm |archive-date=24 January 2005 |access-date=2014-07-20 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Devalla |first=Rani |date=11 November 2014 |title=A Passionate journey |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/a-passionate-journey/article6583799.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911103540/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/a-passionate-journey/article6583799.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019 |access-date=11 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Style ==
{{quote box
| quote="Growing up in a joint family, I observed how each person had a difference of opinion. It wasn't bad; just that we were different. I wondered, 'Wouldn't other joint families have similar issues?' So I started writing scripts that reflect the day-to-day scenario in a joint family".
| source = – Visu in 2016<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2016 |title=Looking back at the golden years |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/jul/09/looking-back-at-the-golden-years-878725.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224101733/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/jul/09/Looking-back-at-the-golden-years-878725.html |archive-date=24 February 2020}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 33%
}}
In most of the films Visu wrote or directed, all the characters were given equal importance. Often, the plot included a huge house where a joint family would reside and the character of Visu would solve their problems. Many of Visu's film titles contain rhyming words, such as ''Kudumbam Oru Kadambam'', ''Samsaram Adhu Minsaram'', ''Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi'', ''Kavalan Avan Kovalan'', ''Penmani Aval Kanmani'', ''[[Varavu Nalla Uravu]]'' and ''[[Vedikkai En Vadikkai]]''. His films focused on many family issues like dowry, need of remarriage for women, mother in law-daughter in law disputes and so on which were occurring that time. In most of his films there is a character named Uma, named after a school teacher who predicted his rise to fame after reading one of his scripts when he was a travel agent. During his last years before death, he wrote the script for Samsaram Adhu Minsaram Part 2 which is yet to see the light of day.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=26 March 2020 |title=Visu, a colossus |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/visu-a-colossus/article31172346.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927044630/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/visu-a-colossus/article31172346.ece |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=23 March 2020 |title=A Tribute To Visu, Known For His Middle-Class Melodramas Like Samsaram Adhu Minsaram |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/a-tribute-to-visu-known-for-his-middle-class-melodramas-like-samsaram-adhu-minsaram/ |access-date=5 August 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]] |archive-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204015145/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/a-tribute-to-visu-known-for-his-middle-class-melodramas-like-samsaram-adhu-minsaram/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2020 |title=Remembering Visu, the king of the middle-class family drama |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/remembering-visu-king-middle-class-family-drama-121034 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322040821/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/remembering-visu-king-middle-class-family-drama-121034 |archive-date=22 March 2021 |access-date=16 February 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2022 |title=விசு நினைவு தினம்: காலத்தால் அழியாத 'சம்சாரம் அது மின்சாரம்' |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/special/2022/mar/22/visu-samsaram-adhu-minsaram-3812518.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta |archive-date=23 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623054300/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/special/2022/mar/22/visu-samsaram-adhu-minsaram-3812518.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2016, he joined and campaigned for BJP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2016 |title=Veteran actor Visu joins BJP |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/310116/veteran-actor-visu-joins-bjp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808233120/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/310116/veteran-actor-visu-joins-bjp.html |archive-date=8 August 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

On 22 March 2020 at Chennai, Visu died of kidney failure at the age of 74.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 2020 |title=Veteran Kollywood director Visu passes away at 74 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/mar/22/veteran-kollywood-director-visu-passes-away-at-74-2120181.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322133226/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/mar/22/veteran-kollywood-director-visu-passes-away-at-74-2120181.html |archive-date=22 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 2020 |title=Director Visu passes away |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/director-visu-passes-away/articleshow/74761184.cms |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322133829/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/director-visu-passes-away/articleshow/74761184.cms |archive-date=22 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2020 |title=Veteran Kollywood director Visu passes away at 74 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/veteran-tamil-actor-writer-and-director-visu-passes-away-he-was-75-120862 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322131403/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/veteran-tamil-actor-writer-and-director-visu-passes-away-he-was-75-120862 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===As director ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Language
! class=unsortable | Notes
! class=unsortable | {{Reference heading}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1982
|''[[Kanmani Poonga]]'' || rowspan="14"|Tamil || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2020 |title=குடும்பங்களின் மகத்துவத்தை உணர்த்திய விசு - ஓர் பார்வை |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/manorama/detail.asp?id=86701 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607071628/https://www.dinamalar.com/manorama/detail.asp?id=86701 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |access-date=7 June 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Manal Kayiru]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anantharam |first=Chitradeepa |date=8 November 2016 |title=Not a marriage made in heaven |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Not-a-marriage-made-in-heaven/article16219213.ece |url-status=live |access-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313110357/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Not-a-marriage-made-in-heaven/article16219213.ece |archive-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 1983
|''[[Dowry Kalyanam]]'' || ||<ref name="pattinapravesam"/>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1984
|''[[Puyal Kadantha Boomi]]''||
|
|-
|''[[Rajathanthiram (1984 film)|Rajathanthiram]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raja Thanthiram ( 1984 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=825 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041129071611/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=825 |archive-date=29 November 2004 |access-date=22 April 2023 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>
|-
|''Vaai Sollil Veeranadi'' ||
|
|-
|''[[Naanayam Illatha Naanayam]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanayam Illatha Nanayam ( 1984 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=721 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041115041700/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=721 |archive-date=15 November 2004 |access-date=10 June 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1985
|''[[Pudhiya Sagaptham]]''|| ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aval Sumangalithan]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 1985 |title=அவள் சுமங்கலிதான் |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP372-6-23-9-252 |access-date=31 May 2024 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ketti Melam]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ketti Melam (1985) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/ketti-melam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231026123023/https://screen4screen.com/movies/ketti-melam |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chidambara Rahasiyam (film)|Chidambara Rahasiyam]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=சிதம்பர ரகசியம் / Chidambara Ragasiyam (1985) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/chidambara-ragasiyam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223051834/https://screen4screen.com/movies/chidambara-ragasiyam |archive-date=23 February 2022 |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language=}}</ref>
|-
|1986
|''[[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]]''||[[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]||<ref name="unassuming">{{Cite news |last=Krishnaswamy |first=N. |date=20 March 1987 |title=Celebrating AVM's Visu's unassuming hit |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zINlAAAAIBAJ&pg=634%2C1111980 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010041949/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zINlAAAAIBAJ&pg=634,1111980 |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=16 September 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=14 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1987
|''[[Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi (1987) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/thirumathi-oru-vegumathi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230916095740/https://screen4screen.com/movies/thirumathi-oru-vegumathi |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kavalan Avan Kovalan]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 1987 |title=Kavalan Avan Kovalan |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19870529&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=13 March 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Srimathi Oka Bahumathi]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Remake of ''Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1988
|''[[Penmani Aval Kanmani]]'' || Tamil || ||<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=27 March 1988 |title=பெண்மணி அவள் கண்மணி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1988-03-27/page/n63/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230505050316/https://archive.org/details/kalki1988-03-27/page/n63/mode/2up |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=63 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
|-
|''Aadade Aadharam'' || rowspan="2"|Telugu || Remake of ''Penmani Aval Kanmani''; [[Nandi Award for Best Story Writer|Nandi Award for Second Best Story Writer]]||<ref>{{Cite web |title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008) |trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008) |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2015 |access-date=21 August 2020 |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]] |language=Telugu}}</ref>
|-
|''Illu Illalu Pillalu'' || Remake of ''Veedu Manaivi Makkal'' ||
|-
| 1989
|''Sakalakala Sammandhi'' || rowspan="8"|Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1990
|''[[Varavu Nalla Uravu]]'' || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=வரவு நல்ல உறவு / Varavu Nalla Uravu (1990) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/varavu-nalla-uravu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118124646/https://screen4screen.com/movies/varavu-nalla-uravu |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vedikkai En Vadikkai]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=வேடிக்கை என் வாடிக்கை / Vedikkai En Vadikkai (1990) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/vedikkai-en-vadikkai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028212031/https://screen4screen.com/movies/vedikkai-en-vadikkai |archive-date=28 October 2021 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language=}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1992
|''[[Urimai Oonjaladugiradhu]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 1992 |title=உரிமை ஊஞ்சலாடுகிறது |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920814&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=8 March 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |language=en |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]'' || [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues]] ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=26 December 1992 |title=Tamil movie with a hard message against drinking |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ea9UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C5ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=3124%2C2109501 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005123449/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ea9UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C5ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=3124,2109501 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |access-date=6 May 2020 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=20 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1994
|''[[Pattukottai Periyappa]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=யுவராஜ் |first=லாவண்யா |date=23 September 2022 |title=Pattukottai Periyappa: 'விசு வந்தாலே போதும்...' 28 ஆண்டுகளை நிறைவு செய்யும் 'பட்டுக்கோட்டை பெரியப்பா' |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/pattukottai-periyappa-movie-was-released-28-years-back-on-this-day-75040 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923102801/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/pattukottai-periyappa-movie-was-released-28-years-back-on-this-day-75040 |archive-date=23 September 2022 |access-date=7 May 2023 |website=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vaa Magale Vaa]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=வா மகளே வா / Vaa Magale Vaa (1994) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/vaa-magale-vaa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314073627/https://screen4screen.com/movies/vaa-magale-vaa |archive-date=14 March 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language=}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996
|''[[Meendum Savithri]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meendum Savithri ( 1996 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041227173736/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=2000 |archive-date=27 December 2004 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Neti Savithri]]'' || Telugu || ||<ref name="zaminryot">{{Cite news |last=అల్లూరు రహీం |date=8 March 1996 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: నేటి స్త్రీ వ్యక్తిత్వాన్ని ప్రతిబింబిచలేకపోయిన నేటి సావిత్రి |trans-title=''Neti Savithri'' fails to reflect the personality of today's woman |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1996/Mar/8-mar-1996.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111005840/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1996/Mar/8-mar-1996.pdf |archive-date=11 November 2022 |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |pages=10–11 |language=Te}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
|''[[Sigamani Ramamani]]'' || Tamil || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2020 |title=Visu had a peaceful death: S Ve Sekhar reacts to the demise of his long-time friend |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/mar/22/visu-had-a-peaceful-death-s-ve-sekhar-reacts-to-the-demise-of-his-long-time-friend-rip-17691.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228102843/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/mar/22/visu-had-a-peaceful-death-s-ve-sekhar-reacts-to-the-demise-of-his-long-time-friend-rip-17691.html |archive-date=28 February 2021 |access-date=16 March 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|}

===As writer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Year
! rowspan=2 | Title
!Credited as
! rowspan=2 class=unsortable | Notes
! rowspan=2 class=unsortable | {{Reference heading}}
|-
! width=65 |Writer
|-
|1977
|''[[Pattina Pravesam]]'' || {{partial|Story}} || ||<ref name="pattinapravesam">{{Cite web |last=Bhatt |first=Karthik |date=12 April 2016 |title=Pattinapravesam : From Stage to Celluloid |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2016/04/12/pattinapravesam-from-stage-to-celluloid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126185111/https://tcrcindia.com/2016/04/12/pattinapravesam-from-stage-to-celluloid/ |archive-date=26 January 2018 |access-date=26 January 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref>
|-
|1978
|''[[Sadhurangam (1978 film)|Sadhurangam]]'' || {{partial|Story}} || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2020 |title=ரஜினியைக் காட்டி ஸ்ரீகாந்த்; ஸ்ரீகாந்தைக் காட்டி ரஜினி; விசுவின் கதை வசனத்தில் 'சதுரங்கம்' |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/546285-rajinikanth-srikanth-visu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523193704/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/546285-rajinikanth-srikanth-visu.html |archive-date=23 May 2020 |access-date=4 April 2022 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1980
|''[[Avan Aval Adhu]]'' || {{partial|Screenplay}} || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2020 |title=Sivakumar pens down emotional note for his friend, Visu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakumar-pens-down-emotional-note-for-his-friend-visu/articleshow/74770453.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110015957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakumar-pens-down-emotional-note-for-his-friend-visu/articleshow/74770453.cms |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=7 January 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mazhalai Pattalam]]'' || {{partial|Dialogues}} || ||<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=21 December 1980 |title=வசிஷ்டர் வாயால்... |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1980-12-21/page/n65/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230322113809/https://archive.org/details/kalki1980-12-21/page/n65/mode/2up |archive-date=22 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-22 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=64 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1981
|''[[Thillu Mullu]]'' || {{partial|Screenplay}} || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundaram |first=Nandhu |date=1 May 2022 |title=41 years of Thillu Mullu: This hilarious Rajinikanth film still entertains |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/41-years-thillu-mullu-hilarious-rajinikanth-film-still-entertains-163453 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501080230/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/41-years-thillu-mullu-hilarious-rajinikanth-film-still-entertains-163453 |archive-date=1 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Netrikkan]]'' || {{partial|Story}} || ||
|-
|''[[Keezh Vaanam Sivakkum]]'' || {{partial|Screenplay}} || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=26 October 2022 |title=ரஜினி நடிக்க ஆசைப்பட்ட 'கீழ்வானம் சிவக்கும்!' |url=https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/rajini-wanted-to-play-sivajis-role-in-keezhvaanam-sivakkum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028225828/https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/rajini-wanted-to-play-sivajis-role-in-keezhvaanam-sivakkum |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=28 October 2022 |website=[[Kamadenu magazine|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kudumbam Oru Kadambam]]'' || {{yes}} || ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்.பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=20 April 2016 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 55: 'குடும்பம் ஒரு கதம்பம்' |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/76875-55.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608045016/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/76875-55.html |archive-date=8 June 2021 |access-date=8 June 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1982
|''[[Simla Special]]''|| {{yes}} ||
|
|-
|''[[Pudukavithai]]''|| {{partial|Screenplay}} ||
|
|-
|1984
|''[[Nallavanukku Nallavan]]'' || {{partial|Screenplay}} || ||
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1986
|''[[Mr. Bharath]]''|| {{partial|Screenplay}} || ||
|-
|}

===As an actor===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|1981
|''[[Thillu Mullu]]'' || One of the interview candidates || Also dubbing artist
|-
|''[[Kudumbam Oru Kadambam]]'' || Srinivasa Raghavan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1982
|''[[Kanmani Poonga]]'' || Ramkumar ||
|-
|''[[Manal Kayiru]]'' || Uthramerur Narathar Naidu ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|1983
|''Oru Kai Paappom'' || Kai Adi Kamalakannan||
|-
|''[[Dowry Kalyanam]]'' || Ganesan ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1984
|''[[Nallavanukku Nallavan]]'' || Gangadharan || Special appearance
|-
|''[[Puyal Kadantha Boomi]]'' || Nammaalu allies Namachivaayan ||
|-
|''[[Rajathanthiram (1984 film)|Rajathanthiram]]'' || Bhairavan ||
|-
|''Vaai Sollil Veeranadi'' || Vengapuli Varadhachari ||
|-
|''[[Naanayam Illatha Naanayam]]'' || Veerapandi ||
|-
|''[[Oorukku Upadesam]]'' || Sankaran ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1985
|''[[Pudhiya Sagaptham]]'' || Ramadasaradan ||
|-
|''[[Aval Sumangalithan]]'' || Watchman Aarumugam ||
|-
|''[[Ketti Melam]]'' || Chinna Paiyan ||
|-
|''[[Chidambara Rahasiyam (film)|Chidambara Rahasiyam]]'' || Beemarao ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1986
|''[[Mr. Bharath]]'' || Kumaresa Gounder ||
|-
|''[[Dharma Pathini (1986 film)|Dharma Pathini]]'' ||"Vicks" Vardarajan || Special appearance
|-
|''[[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]]'' || Ammaiyappa Mudaliyar ||
|-
|''[[Oomai Vizhigal]]'' || Rathnasabapathy ||
|-
|''[[Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu]]'' || Thulasi's father ||
|-
|''[[Thaaiku Oru Thaalaattu]]'' || Ponnambalam ||
|-
|''[[Anandha Kanneer]]'' || Paapa Panchu||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1987
|''[[Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi]]'' || Naagarkoil Naadhamuni ||
|-
|''[[Kavalan Avan Kovalan]]'' || Chakravarthi's father-in-law ||
|-
|''[[Kathai Kathaiyam Karanamam]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Srimathi Oka Bahumathi]]'' || Bhadrachalam Rudraiah || Telugu film
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1988
|''[[Veedu Manaivi Makkal]]'' || Subbaiah Pillai || <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2018 |title=''அப்போ இயக்குநர்; இப்போ லாட்ஜ் ஓனர்..!" - டி.பி.கஜேந்திரன் 'அப்போ இப்போ' பகுதி 20 |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/interview/136610-t-p-gajendran-speaks-about-his-cinema-career-for-appo-ippo-series.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017123858/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/interview/136610-t-p-gajendran-speaks-about-his-cinema-career-for-appo-ippo-series.html |archive-date=17 October 2018 |access-date=17 October 2018 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Penmani Aval Kanmani]]'' || Radio Mama ||
|-
|''Aadade Aadharam'' || || Telugu film
|-
|''[[Mappillai Sir]]'' || Vakkil Varadharajan ||
|-
|''Illu Illalu Pillalu'' || || Telugu film
|-
| 1989
|''Sakalakala Sammandhi'' || Mayavaram Malayappan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1990
|''[[Varavu Nalla Uravu]]'' || Appa Ambalavanar ||
|-
|''[[Vedikkai En Vadikkai]]'' || Kaavisattai Kandasamy ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1992
|''[[Urimai Oonjaladugiradhu]]'' || Kasturi's father ||
|-
|''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]'' || Viswanathan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1993
|''[[Uzhaippali]]'' ||Barrister ||
|-
|''[[Sinna Mapplai]]'' || Marriage Broker ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1994
|''[[Pattukottai Periyappa]]'' || Pattukottai Periyappa ||
|-
| ''[[Aranmanai Kaavalan]]'' || Santhanam ||
|-
|''[[Vaa Magale Vaa]]'' || Viswanathan ||
|-
|''[[Vanaja Girija]]'' || Ramanathan ||
|-
|''[[Vaanga Partner Vaanga]]'' || [[Ganesha|Ganapathi]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1995
|''[[Mayabazar (1995 film)|Mayabazar]]'' || Vishwanathan ||
|-
|''God Father'' || Viswanatham ||Telugu film
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996
|''[[Meendum Savithri]]'' || Narayana Moorthy ||
|-
|''[[Irattai Roja]]'' || Anchor || Guest appearance
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1997
|''[[Nesam]]'' || Himself ||
|-
|''[[Aravindhan]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Adimai Changili]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Vasuki (film)|Vasuki]]'' || Ramasamy ||
|-
|''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]'' || Adv. Rangachari ||
|-
|''[[Sishya (film)|Sishya]]'' || Aadhimoolam ||
|-
|''[[Vaimaye Vellum]]'' || ||
|-
|1998
|''[[Bhagavath Singh]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999
|''[[Mannavaru Chinnavaru]]'' || Shanmugasundaram ||
|-
|''[[Anbulla Kadhalukku]]'' || Chandrasekhar ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000
|''[[Kakkai Siraginilae]]'' || Judge ||
|-
|''[[Vaanavil]]'' || Himself ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2001
|''[[Sigamani Ramamani]]'' || Sundaramoorthy ||
|-
|''[[Krishna Krishna]]'' || Advocate Viswanathan || Guest appearance
|-
|''[[Middle Class Madhavan]]'' || Advocate||
|-
|''[[Vadagupatti Maapillai]]'' || Gomathi Shankar||
|-
|''[[Looty]]'' || Dr. Kuzhanthavelu ||
|-
|''[[Vedham]]'' || || Guest appearance
|-
|2003
|''[[Thithikudhe]]'' || Himself ||
|-
| 2004
|''[[Maha Nadigan]]'' || ||
|-
| 2005
|''[[Ji (film)|Ji]]'' || Raghavan ||
|-
| 2007
|''[[Cheena Thaana 001]]'' || Governor || Guest appearance
|-
| 2008
|''[[Ellam Avan Seyal]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
|''[[Innoruvan]]'' || Judge ||
|-
|''[[Kannukulle]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
|''[[Alex Pandian]]'' || Chief Minister||
|-
|''[[Oruvar Meethu Iruvar Sainthu]]'' || Judge ||
|-
| 2014 || ''Nenjirukkumvarai Ninaivirukkum'' || || Guest appearance
|-
| 2016
|''[[Manal Kayiru 2]]'' || Uthramerur Narathar Naidu ||
|-
|}

;Television
*''Arattai Arangam'' - Sun TV
*''Makkal Arangam'' - Jaya TV
*''Naalavathu Mudichu'' - Jaya TV<ref>{{Cite AV media |last=Jaya TV |author-link=Jaya TV |date=11 October 2021 |title=நாலாவது முடிச்சு- Naalavathu Mudichu {{!}} Tamil Serial {{!}} Jaya TV Rewind {{!}} Episode 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDovNUcdqjY |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/kDovNUcdqjY |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=20 October 2021 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Plays/novels===
;As writer
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! class=unsortable | Notes
! class=unsortable | {{Reference heading}}
|-
|1977
|''Pattina Pravesam'' || rowspan="7" | plays||
|-
|
|''Bharatha Matharkku Jai''||
|-
|
|''Kudumbam Oru Kadambam''||
|-
|
|''Modi Masthan'' ||
|-
|
| ''Dowry Kalyana Vaibhogame'' ||
|-
|
| ''Aval Sumangalithan'' ||
|-
|
| ''Uravukku Kai Koduppom'' ||
|-
|
|''Meendum Savithri'' || novel||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1127850}}
{{Visu}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Visu}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney failure in India]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Television personalities from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]

Najashi

2026-02-15T07:37:06Z

AlberthaPickard:

{{Short description|King of Aksum from 614 to 630}}
[[File:Hijra Abyssinia (Rashid ad-Din).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.85]]
The '''Najashi''' ({{langx|ar|ٱلنَّجَاشِيّ|al-Najāshī}}) is an Arabic term, a [[loanword]] from the word [[negus]] ({{langx|gez|ንጉሥ|lit=king}}), and refers to the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Aksum]] who reigned from 614 to 630.{{sfn|al-Bukhari|2013|pp=174,179}} It is agreed by Muslim scholars that Najashi gave shelter to early Muslim refugees from [[Mecca]], around 615–616 at [[Aksum]].{{Sfn|Mekouria|1988|p=560}}{{Sfn|Ibn Ishaq|1955|pp=150–153}}

== Muslim accounts ==

=== First Hijra ===
{{Main|Migration to Abyssinia}}

The Najashi and the early Muslim [[migration to Abyssinia]], also known as the First Hijra, are not explicitly mentioned in the Quran but several passages are traditionally connected to the story through the ''[[hadith]]'' and ''[[sīrah]]'' texts. According to the ''[[Sirat Rasul Allah]]'' by [[Ibn Ishaq]], in {{CE|615|link=y}}, [[Muhammad]] told his followers who were facing persecution in Mecca:

{{Blockquote|text=“If you were to go to Abyssinia (it would be better for you), for the king will not tolerate injustice and it is a friendly country, until such time as Allah shall relieve you from your distress.{{Sfn|Numrich|2023|p=44}}{{Efn|In a different translation as passed down through [[Ibn Hisham]], Muhammad said, "Why do you not go away to the land of the Abyssinians, for there is a king there under whom no one is wronged, and it is a land of uprightness; (and remain there) until God gives you relief from this present situation."{{Sfn|Watt|1953|p=110}}}}}}

Ibn Ishaq recounts how [[Ja'far ibn Abi Talib]], a [[Companions of the Prophet|companion]] and [[Family tree of Muhammad|cousin]] of Muhammad, led a delegation of Muslims including [[Uthman|Uthman ibn Affan]] on a migration to Habesha (Abyssinia).{{Sfn|Hijazi|2014}}{{Sfn|Ibn Ishaq|1955|pp=146–148}}{{Sfn|Swetzoff|2022}} A larger group of Muslims moved to the land on a second migration after which, according to [[Tafsir Ibn Kathir|''Tafsir Ibn Kathir'']], the followers of Muhammad who lived in what is present-day Ethiopia numbered three times more than those that remained in Mecca.{{Sfn|Swetzoff|2022}} Abd Allah b. Abi Rabi'a b. al-Mughira and Amr bin al-As bin Wa'il, two [[Quraysh|Qurayshite]] leaders opposed to the Muslims, bearing gifts for the Najashi and his generals, were sent to Abyssinia to petition the Najashi to expel the Muslims from his land.{{Sfn|Hijazi|2014}}{{Sfn|Ibn Ishaq|1955|pp=150–151}}

Despite the advise by his generals who had received their gifts earlier, the Najashi refused to immediately expel the Muslims and invited the Muslims to his court to respond.{{Sfn|Hijazi|2014}}{{Sfn|Ibn Ishaq|1955|p=151}} According to Ibn Ishaq, the Najashi asked the Muslims about their religion and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib responded by saying that before Islam they "were an uncivilized people, worshipping idols, eating corpses, committing abominations, breaking natural ties, treating guests badly, and our strong devoured our weak."{{Sfn|Ibn Ishaq|1955|p=151}} He recited [[Surat Maryam]] (19:16-36) to the Najashi.

=== Conversion to Islam and funeral prayer ===
According to Muslim accounts, the Najashi converted to Islam.{{Sfn|Donzel|2012}} When he died in 630, those sources indicate that Muhammad prayed an absentee [[funeral prayer (Islam)|funeral prayer]]{{Sfn|Sahih Muslim}} ({{langx|ar|صَلَاة الْغَائِب‎|Ṣalāt al-Ġāʾib}}) in [[al-Baqi Cemetery]], [[Medina]]{{sfn|Öztürk|2006|pp=476-477}} which is performed for the departed soul of a Muslim.{{sfn|al-Bukhari|2013|p=179}}

== Identification with historical Axumite king ==
Not much is known about his personal life and reign of the Najashi{{sfn|Öztürk|2006|pp=476-477}} other than that during his reign, [[migration to Abyssinia|Muslims migrated to Abyssinia]] and met its ruler.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

Arabic sources state the king's name was "Ella-Seham", occasionally written as variant names "Ashama", "Asmaha", "Sahama" and "Asbeha".{{sfn|Sellassie|1972|p=185}} [[Regnal lists of Ethiopia|Ethiopian regnal lists]] record multiple kings named "Saham" or "Ella Saham", but all of them reigned before [[Kaleb of Axum|Kaleb]] (r. early 6th century) and are too early in the chronology for any of their reigns to coincide with the migration to Abyssinia.{{sfn|Dillmann|1853|pp=343-344, 346-347}}{{sfn|Budge|1928|pp=209-210, 259-261}} Ethiopian sources instead state that a different king named Adriaz was a contemporary of prophet Muhammad.{{sfn|Sellassie|1972|p=185}} An unpublished manuscript dates his reign to 603–623 [[Ethiopian calendar|E.C.]]{{sfn|Sellassie|1972|p=185}} According to [[Alaqa Taye Gabra Mariam]], the Muslim migration took place in 620 [[Ethiopian calendar|E.C.]] and coincided with the reign of Aderaz.{{sfn|Gabra Maryam|1987|p=107}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book |last1=al-Bukhari |first1=Imam |author-link=Muhammad al-Bukhari |translator=Muhammad Asad |title=Sahih al-Bukhari: The Early Years of Islam | chapter=The Beginnings of Islam; Section:XIV the Death of the Negus |date=2013 |publisher=The Other Press |isbn=978-967-506-298-8 |pages=174, 179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWyNAQAAQBAJ&q=Ashamah&pg=PA179 |access-date=21 August 2020}}
* {{cite book|last=Budge|first=E. A.|title=A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume I)|publisher=Methuen & Co.|year=1928 |location=London|isbn=|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.499166/mode/2up}}
* {{cite journal|last=Dillmann|first=August|title=Zur Geschichte des abyssinischen Reichs|journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft|volume=7|pages=338–364|year=1853|language=German|url=https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/dmg/periodical/titleinfo/20825}}
* {{Cite book |last=Donzel |first=Emeri van |editor-first=P.J. |editor-last=Bearman |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004265042 |edition=2nd |language=en |chapter=al-Nad̲j̲ās̲h̲ī |chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/EIEO/SIM-5718.xml}}
* {{cite book|title=History of the People of Ethiopia|first=Alaqa Tayya|last=Gabra Maryam|language=Amharic, English|translator1=Grover Hudson|translator2=Tekeste Negash|year=1987|location=Uppsala|publisher=Centre for Multiethnic Research (Uppsala University – Faculty of Arts)|isbn=91-86624-12-1|issn=0281-448X}}
* {{cite book |last=Ibn Ishaq |title=[[Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Ishaq)| السيرة النبوية (Sirat Rasul Allah)]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1955 |translator-last=Guillaume |translator-first=Alfred |trans-title=The Life of Muhammad |first=Muhammad |author-link=Ibn Ishaq}}
* {{Cite web |last=Hijazi |first=Abu Tariq |date=2014-03-28 |title=Najashi: The king who supported Muslim emigrants |url=https://www.arabnews.com/news/546951 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Arab News |language=en}}
* {{cite web|title=Necâşî Ashame |first=Levent|last=Öztürk|year=2006|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/necasi-ashame|publisher=İslâm Ansiklopedisi|language=Turkish|access-date=January 25, 2025}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFÖztürk2006}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Numrich |first=Paul D. |date=January 2023 |title=Selective Appeal to the Negus Narratives: A Case Study in Interreligious Relations |url=https://irstudies.org/index.php/jirs/article/download/761/747/ |journal=Journal of Interreligious Studies |volume=38 |pages=44−61 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205231249/https://irstudies.org/index.php/jirs/article/download/761/747/ |archive-date=2023-02-05}}
* {{cite book |last=Mekouria |first=Tekle-Tsadik |editor-last=M. Elfasi |editor-last2=Hrbek |editor-first2=Ivan |chapter=The Horn of Africa|title=Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century |year=1988 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tw0Q0tg0QLoC&pg=PA560 |publisher=[[UNESCO]]|isbn=978-9-2310-1709-4 }}
* {{Cite book|title=Sahih Muslim|chapter=The Book of Prayer - Funerals|chapter-url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:951a | at=951–953|ref={{harvid|Sahih Muslim}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Sellassie |first=Sergew Hable |title=Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History to 1270 |date=1972 |publisher=United Printers |location=Addis Ababa}}
* {{cite web |last=Swetzoff |first=Sara |date=August 4, 2022 |title=The First Hijra as a Model for Migration Justice: Ethiopia’s Legacy and Future in Regional Peacebuilding |url=https://www.sylff.org/news_voices/30403/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Sylff |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmecca0000watt/page/110/mode/1up |title=Muhammad at Mecca |date=1953 |publisher=Oxford |isbn=9780199067169}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal|first=Hussein|last=Ahmed|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44259282|title=Aksum In Muslim Historical Traditions |journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies |volume=29|year=1996|issue=2 |pages=47–66|jstor=44259282 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Atkins |first1=Brian |last2=Juel-Jensen |first2=Bent |title=The Gold Coinage of Aksum: Further Analyses of Specific Gravity, A Contribution to Chronology |journal=[[Numismatic Chronicle]] |year=1988 |issue=148}}
* {{cite journal|first=Wim|last=Raven|title=Some Early Islamic Texts on the Negus of Abyssinia|work=Journal of Semitic Studies|volume=22|date=1988|pages=197–218}}

[[Category:7th-century monarchs in Africa]]
[[Category:Christian and Islamic interfaith dialogue]]
[[Category:Hijrah]]
[[Category:630 deaths]]

Hargovind Bhargava

2026-02-13T02:13:49Z

AlberthaPickard: improved page per sources further and added references

{{Short description|Indian economist and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Hargovind Bhargava
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Sidhauli (Assembly constituency)|Sidhauli]], [[Sitapur district]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end = 2022
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname =
| parents = Ramdulare<ref name="Candidate affidavit">{{cite news|title=Candidate affidavit|publisher= my neta.info|url=http://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=2085}}</ref>
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
|otherparty = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| residence = [[Sidhauli]], Uttar Pradesh
| alma_mater = *[[Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology]] (B.Sc.Ag., M.Sc.Ag, PhD) 
*[[I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University|Punjab Technical University]] (MBA)
*[[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University]] (B.Ed.)<ref name="uttarpradesh.org">{{Cite web |title=152 Hargovind Bhargava BSP |url=https://www.uttarpradesh.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/152-HARGOVIND-BHARGAVA-bsp.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704031608/https://www.uttarpradesh.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/152-HARGOVIND-BHARGAVA-bsp.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-04 |website=www.uttarpradesh.org}}</ref>
| occupation =
| profession = Assistant professor & Politician<ref name="Candidate affidavit"/>
}}

'''Hargovind Bhargava''' is an Indian [[Agricultural economics|agricultural economist]], assistant professor, politician and a former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]. He was a member of [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]] & [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]], representing [[Sidhauli (Assembly constituency)|Sidhauli]] constituency twice.<ref>{{cite web |title=SIDHAULI Election Result 2017, Winner, SIDHAULI MLA, Uttar Pradesh |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/uttar-pradesh/sidhauli-mla-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620180913/https://www.ndtv.com/elections/uttar-pradesh/sidhauli-mla-results |archive-date=2018-06-20 |website=NDTV Elections}}</ref>

==Education and academic career==
He holds Bachelors of Science, Master of Science and a doctorate degree in Agriculture Science and Economics from [[Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology|Chandra Shekhar Azad (CSA) University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur]]. He further continued his education by completing Master of Business Administration from [[I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University|Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar]] and Bachelors of Education from [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University|Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj (CSJM) University, Kanpur]].

In 2012, he was appointed an assistant professor at Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics of Kulbhaskar Ashram PG College.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty |url=https://kulbhaskarpgcollege.com/index.php/faculty |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720014922/https://kulbhaskarpgcollege.com/index.php/faculty |archive-date=2019-07-20 |website=Kulbhaskar Ashram PG College}}</ref><ref name="uplegisassembly.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/12543/17 |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in}}</ref>

==Political career==
Bhargava has been a second time member of the 17th Legislative Assembly of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Between 2017-2022, he represented the [[Sidhauli (Assembly constituency)|Sidhauli]] constituency and is a member of the BSP.<ref name="Candidate affidavit"/> He was also a member of Assembly between 2007–2012.<ref name="uplegisassembly.gov.in"/>

==Political posts held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position
|-
|01 ||2007|| 2012|| Member, [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
|02|| 2017 || 2022 || Member, [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhargava, Hargovind}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-BSP-politician-stub}}

Kizhakku Vaasal (TV series)

2026-02-09T17:29:57Z

AlberthaPickard:

{{Short description|2023 Indian Tamil-language TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kizhakku vaasal title screen.png
| caption =
| genre = [[Family drama|Family]] [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| creator = [[Radhika Sarathkumar]]
| writer = Guru Sampath Kumar
| director = M.N Manoj Kumar
| screenplay = Guru Sampath Kumar
| creative_director = Radhika Sarathkumar
| starring = {{ubl|
*Reshma Muralidharan
*[[S. A. Chandrasekhar]]
*[[Venkat Renganathan]]
}}
| theme_music_composer = M R
| editor = K. Bharath Kumar G.Parthian Panthidurai
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_episodes = 196
| cinematography = R.V Parvati Krishna P.Chella Pandiyan
| producer = Radhika Sarathkumar
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| company = Radaan Mediaworks
| runtime = 22mins per episode
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|08|07|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|04|13|df=y}}
| network = [[Star Vijay]] TV [[Disney + Hotstar]]
| related =
}}

'''''Kizhakku Vaasal''''' ({{translation|''East Gate''}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language television series that aired on [[Star Vijay]] and streams on [[Disney + Hotstar]]. It is directed by M N Manoj Kumar and produced by [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] under the banner of Radaan Mediaworks.

The show stars Reshma Muralidharan, [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]] and [[Venkat Renganathan]] in lead roles. It aired from 7 August 2023 to 13 April 2024 on Monday to Friday.<ref>{{cite web |title=சீரியலில் விஜய் அப்பா... அதுவும் இந்த படத்தோட ரீமேக்காம்!|url=https://www.instanews.city/cinema/s-a-chandrasekhar-in-tv-serial-produced-by-radhika-sarathkumar-1196256|website=www.instanews.city|language=ta}}</ref>

The story was written by Guru Sampath Kumar. The cinematography of this serial was done by R. V. Parvati Krishna and P. Chella Pandiyan, while the editing was done by K. Bharath Kumar and G. Parthian Panthidurai.

==Storyline==
The series centers on Renuka, the adopted daughter of Swamiappan and Sivagami. Swamiappan, a retired mechanic, and Sivagami, dote on her and consider her as their favourite child, even though she is adopted. Swamiappan's household includes his two biological sons, Natesan, an accountant, and Manickam, who works in a factory, their respective wives Parvathi and Maya as well as Natesan's and Parvathi's daughter Shraddha. Swamiappan's widowed sister Mangaiyakarasi and her children; Shanmugam, an autodriver, and Malar, a budding athlete, also live in the Swamiappan household.

Shanmugam has a one-sided love for Renuka and does whatever he can to help her. However, Renuka is in love with her cousin Arjun, who is the son of Sivagami's younger brother Dayalan, a reputed lawyer and industrialist, and Viji. Dayalan is money-minded and cruel, and hates Renuka, looks down upon Swamiappan for his lack of money, while treating Shanmugam worse than a servant due to his lack of education. During Swamiappan's 60th birthday celebration, Swamiappan proposes to Dayalan to fix the marriage between Renuka and Arjun, but Dayalan turns the proposal down, claiming that he cannot marry his son to someone whose past is unknown. This forces Swamiappan and Sivagami to disown Dayalan and his family, while Renuka begins to keep a distance from Arjun, even though both still have feelings for each other.

Following Renuka's graduation, Swamiappan is keen on her pursuing higher education, but she hesitates initially due to lack of financial support. Natesan, as well as Maya, who are both earning well, refuse to help her, jealous of the love and support she receives from the rest of the family despite being adopted, much to the chagrin of their respective spouses Parvathi and Manickam, who dote on her. Natesan and Maya also do not allow Parvathi and Manickam to help Renuka financially. However, when Dayalan insults Renuka in front of her entire family due to a misunderstanding involving Arjun, Renuka challenges him that she would study law and become a more successful lawyer than him.

She joins a law college and also works as a typist at a xerox shop part-time to pay her college fees. It is soon revealed that Renuka is the biological daughter of Panjali, a famous lawyer and social activist. Panjali had abandoned Renuka in a temple when she was an infant for hitherto unknown reasons. Swamiappan noticed Renuka and decided to take her home and raise her as her own child. However, both Panjali and the adult Renuka do not know that they are mother and daughter, though they cross paths a few times. After a lot of discussions, Renuka’s marriage with Arjun was planned which Arjun and Dayalan stopped due to their evil intentions on the last day. Following the same, Dayalan arranged a marriage with Panjali’s daughter Anu which Anu in turn stopped just like how Renuka’s marriage was stopped for Arjun and Dayalan to experience the same pain. Arjun starts to go against Anu. Meanwhile, she starts to gain feelings for Shanmugam but he rejects her proposal of love. Anu’s grandmother Annapoorni’s death results in Panjali to request Renuka to convince Shanmugam to marry Anu because Annapoorni’s death affected Anu’s mental health very badly.

==Cast ==
===Main cast===
*Reshma Muralidharan as Renuka (Swamiappan's adoptive daughter, Panjali's biological daughter)
*[[S. A. Chandrasekhar]] as Swamiappan (Renuka'a adoptive father, Sivagami's husband)
*[[Venkat Renganathan]] in a Dual Role as:
**Shanmugam (Mangaiyakarasi's son, loves Renuka)
**Shiva Shanmugam (Shanmugam's Half brother)

===Supporting cast===
*[[Sindhu Shyam]] as Panjali (Anu and Renuka's biological mother, Ravi’s wife)
*Chandralekha as Anu (Panjali's daughter, Renuka's sister, loves Shanmugam)
*Janaki Suresh as Sivagami (Swamiappan's wife, Dayalan's sister)
*Arun Kumar Rajan as Natesan (Swamiappan's son, Parvathi's husband)
*Ashwini Radhakrishna as Parvathi (Natesan's husband, Shraddha's mother)
*Shraddha as Shraddha (Parvathi and Natesan's daughter)
*[[Praveen Devasagayam]] as Manickam (Swamiappan's son, Maya's husband)
*Rojasree as Maya (Manickam's wife, School teacher)
*[[Anand Babu]] as Dayalan (Sivagami's brother, Arjun's father)
*Geetha Narayanan as Viji (Dayalan's wife, Arjun's mother)
*[[Dinesh Gopalsamy]] / Sasindhar Pushpalingam as Arjun (Dayalan and Viji's son, Renuka and Anu’s ex-fiance)
*Dharini as Mangaiyakarasi (Swamiappan's sister, Malar and Shanmugam's mother)
*Kiran Mai as Malar (Mangaiyakarasi's daughter, Shanmugam's sister)
*Shyamala as Annapoorni (Panjali's mother, Possessive over Panjali and Anu)
*Ravikanth as Ravi (Panjali's husband)

==Production==
===Development===
Towards the end of January 2023, [[Radhika Sarathkumar]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Popular actress Raadhika Sarathkumar to play the titular role in upcoming show 'Kizhakku Vasal'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-actress-raadhika-sarathkumar-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-kizhakku-vasal/articleshow/98246263.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=26 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref> confirmed through a press release that it would distribute a new Tamil serial for [[Star Vijay]],<ref>{{cite web |title=விஜய் டிவியில் புதிய சீரியலை தயாரிக்கும் ராதிகா- நாயகி யார் தெரியுமா? |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/radikaa-producing-new-serial-in-vijay-tv-1677162044|website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref> which would be produced by herself under Radaan Mediaworks, and would also be an initial debut as a television actor for [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=நடிகர் விஜயின் தந்தை நடிக்கும் புதிய தொடர் கிழக்கு வாசல்..|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/feb/28/actress-radhika-sarathkumar-acts-with-vijays-father-sa-chandrasekhar-in-kizhakku-vasal-vijay-tv-4008762.html|website=www.dinamani.com|date=28 February 2023 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='சீரியலில் நடிக்கும் எஸ்.ஏ.சி'; தயாரிப்பாளர் ராதிகா சரத்குமார்; தயாராகும் தொடர்|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/actor-vijays-father-sachandrasekar-to-act-in-new-serial|website=cinema.vikatan.com|date=3 February 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>

===Casting===
*S. A. Chandrasekhar was cast as a main role in the serial.<ref>{{cite web |title=பிரபல சேனலில் ராதிகா சரத்குமார் - எஸ்.ஏ.சந்திரசேகரின் புதிய சீரியல்!|url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/television-radhika-sarathkumar-sa-chandrasekhar-reshma-muralidharan-kizhakku-vasal-serial-vijay-tv-900129.html|website=tamil.news18.com|date=27 February 2023 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=சீரியலில் நடிக்கும் விஜயின் தந்தை|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/feb/27/actor-vijay-dad-sa-chandrasekar-acts-in-new-tamil-serial-prodeced-by-actress-radhika-for-vijay-tv-4008192.html|website=www.dinamani.com|date=27 February 2023 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=சீரியலில் நடிக்கும் விஜய்யின் அப்பா எஸ்ஏசி.. எந்த சேனல் தெரியுமா? |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/sa-chandrasekar-acts-in-vijay-tv-serial-1677592322|website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref>
*Reshma Muralidharan and [[Sanjeev Venkat]] were cast as the follow-up main leads of the serial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Popular actors Sanjiv Venkat and Reshma Muralitharan to play the titular role in upcoming show 'Kizhakku Vasal'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-actors-sanjiv-venkat-and-reshma-muralitharan-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-kizhakku-vasal/articleshow/98535250.cms?from=mdr|newspaper=The Times of India| date=10 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ராதிகா சரத்குமார் தயாரிப்பில் ஹீரோவாக களமிறங்கும் சஞ்சீவ்? கிழக்கு வாசல் சீரியல் அப்டேட்!|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-sanjeev-venkat-to-play-the-titular-role-in-kizhakku-vasal-produced-by-radhika-sarathkumar-907425.html|website=tamil.news18.com|date=10 March 2023 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Popular actors Sanjiv Venkat and Reshma Muralitharan to play the titular role in upcoming show 'Kizhakku Vasal'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-actors-sanjiv-venkat-and-reshma-muralitharan-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-kizhakku-vasal/articleshow/98535250.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=10 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
*It was announced on 20 April 2023 that Sanjeev Venkat would be quitting the serial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil actor Sanjiv Venkat announces his exit from TV show 'Kizhakku Vaasal'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-actor-sanjiv-venkat-announces-his-exit-from-tv-show-kizhakku-vaasal/articleshow/99629566.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=சீரியல் ஒளிபரப்புவதற்கு முன்பே சஞ்சீவ் விலக காரணம்..? இத்தனை பிரச்சனைகள் இருக்கிறதாம்..!?|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/why-did-sanjeev-quit-the-soon-to-be-telecasted-serial-kizhakku-vasal-508252.html|website=tamil.oneindia.com|date=21 April 2023 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ராதிகா சீரியலில் இருந்து விலகிய சஞ்சீவ்..? விஜய்யின் தந்தையா காரணம்? ரசிகர்கள் குழப்பம்..!|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/rumors-are-spreading-all-around-that-sanjeev-quits-radhika-s-kizhakku-vaasal-serial-for-this-reason-113044|website=tamil.abplive.com|date=21 April 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>
*Sanjeev Venkat was replaced by [[Venkat Renganathan]] on 22 April 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pandian Stores fame Venkat Ranganathan to play the titular role in upcoming show 'Kizhakku Vasal'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/pandian-stores-fame-venkat-ranganathan-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-kizhakku-vasal/articleshow/99688268.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
*It was officially announced that [[Sindhu Shyam]] was supposed to make an entry in the serial <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actress-sindhu-shyam-joins-the-cast-of-kizhakku-vaasal/articleshow/103124181.cms|title=Actress Sindhu Shyam joins the cast of 'Kizhakku Vaasal'|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
*In December 2023, Dinesh Gopalsamy was replaced by Sasindhar Pushpalingam since he joined [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt27436218}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
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Stafford Beer

2026-02-02T00:57:41Z

AlberthaPickard: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|British management consultant and cyberneticist}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Stafford Beer
| image = File:Stafford Beer 1990.png
| image_caption = Beer in 1990
| birth_name = Anthony Stafford Beer
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1926|09|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Fulham]], London, England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|08|23|1926|09|25|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada
| occupation = Theorist, consultant, professor
| known_for = [[Operational research]], [[management cybernetics]]
| notable_works =
}}

'''Anthony Stafford Beer''' (25 September 1926 – 23 August 2002) was a British [[theorist]], consultant and professor at [[Manchester Business School]].<ref name=MBS>{{cite web |title=Manchester Business School Alumni |url=https://www.mbs.ac.uk/about/our-history/ |website=www.mbs.ac.uk |access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> He is known for his work in the fields of [[operational research]] and [[management cybernetics]], and for his [[heuristic]] in [[systems thinking]], "[[the purpose of a system is what it does]]."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Achterberg |first1=Jan |last2=Vriens |first2=Dirk |title=Organizations |chapter=Beer: Functional Design Principles for Viable Infrastructures |year=2010 |pages=181–225 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-14316-8_6 |publisher=Springer Berlin |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-14316-8_6 |isbn=978-3-642-14315-1 |access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
Anthony Stafford Beer was born in [[Fulham]], London, on 25 September 1926. His father was William John Beer, chief statistician at [[Lloyd's Register|Lloyd's Register of Shipping]], who shared a birthday with Stafford's mother, Doris Ethel Beer.<ref name="Rosenhead Beer obit">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenhead |first1=Jonathan |title=Stafford Beer, 1926-2002 |journal=Journal of the Operational Research Society |date=2003 |volume=54 |issue=2}}</ref> At the age of 17 Stafford was expelled from [[Whitgift School]]. He enrolled in [[philosophy]] at [[University College London]] before enlisting in the [[British Army]] as a [[Gunner (rank)|gunner]] in the [[Royal Artillery]] in 1944, during the [[Second World War]]. He soon received [[Commission (document)|commissions]], first in the [[Royal Fusiliers]], and then as a [[company commander]] in the [[9 Gorkha Rifles|9th Gurkha Rifles]]. Beer served in the [[British Raj]] until 1947, when he returned to England and was assigned to the human factors branch of [[operations research]] at the [[War Office]]. In 1949 he was demobilised, having reached the rank of captain.<ref name=Tel>{{cite news|title=Obituaries: Stafford Beer|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1405557/Stafford-Beer.html|access-date=31 August 2015|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=28 August 2002}}</ref>

Beer did not use his given first name, "Anthony", instead preferring his middle name, "Stafford". His younger brother, [[Ian Beer (rugby union)|Ian]], also shared this middle name. When Ian was sixteen, Beer persuaded him to sign a document promising not to use "Stafford" as part of his name because Beer "wanted the ‘copyright’ of [the name] Stafford Beer."<ref name=Pickering>{{cite book|last1=Pickering|first1=Andrew|title=The cybernetic brain: sketches of another future|date=2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0226667904|edition=Pbk.}}</ref>

===United Steel===
In 1956 he joined [[United Steel Companies|United Steel]] and persuaded the management to fund an operational research group, the Department of Operations Research and Cybernetics, which he headed. This was based in Cybor House, and they installed a [[Ferranti Pegasus]] computer, the first in the world dedicated to management cybernetics.<ref name=Cabezas>{{cite web|last1=Cabezas|first1=Guido|title=Stafford's Curriculum Vitae|url=http://www.oocities.org/gicabezas/Beer.html|website=Guido Cabezas Fuentealba|publisher=Universidad del BioBio|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

===SIGMA===
In 1961 he left United Steel to start an operational research consultancy in partnership with [[Roger Eddison]] called [[Sigma_(operations_research)|SIGMA]] (Science in General Management). Beer left SIGMA in 1966 to work for a SIGMA client, the [[IPC Media|International Publishing Corporation]] (IPC). He left IPC in 1970 to work as an independent consultant, focusing on his growing interest in social systems.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenhead |first=Jonathan |date=2003-12-01 |title=Obituary Stafford Beer |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601622 |journal=Journal of the Operational Research Society |language=en |volume=54 |issue=12 |pages=1231–1233 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601622 |issn=1476-9360}}</ref> His engagement in Latin America began in the 1960s through SIGMA, which worked on industrial optimisation projects in Chile and unsuccessfully explored expansion into other regional markets.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mariátegui |first=José-Carlos |date=2025-05-19 |title=Beyond Project Cybersyn: Tracing the Influence of Stafford Beer Projects and Ideas in Latin America |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-025-09717-2 |journal=Systemic Practice and Action Research |language=en |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=9 |doi=10.1007/s11213-025-09717-2 |issn=1573-9295|doi-access=free }}</ref>

===Cybersyn===
[[File:CyberSyn-render-106.png|250px|thumb|[[Project Cybersyn]] was an early form of computational [[economic planning]].]]
[[File:Portrait of Leon Trotsky.jpg|200x200px|thumb|left|[[Leon Trotsky]]'s critique of the [[Soviet Union]] influenced Beer’s shifting political views and the design of the Cybersyn model.]]

In mid-1971 Beer was approached by [[Fernando Flores]], then a high-ranking member of the Chilean Production Development Corporation ([[CORFO]]) in the newly elected [[Chile under Allende|socialist government]] of [[Salvador Allende]], for advice on applying his cybernetic theories to the management of the state-run sector of the [[economy of Chile|Chilean economy]].<ref>Third Richard Goodman Memorial Lecture, [[Brighton Polytechnic]], [[Moulsecoomb]], [[Brighton]] 14 February 1973.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Beer|first=Stafford|date=1973-02-14|title=Fanfare for Effective Freedom: Cybernetic Praxis in Government by Stafford Beer|url=http://ada.evergreen.edu/~arunc/texts/cybernetics/Platform/platform.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503180805/http://ada.evergreen.edu/~arunc/texts/cybernetics/Platform/platform.pdf|archive-date=2018-05-03|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-02|website=evergreen.edu}}</ref>

This led to Beer's involvement in the never-completed [[Cybersyn]] project, which aimed to use computers and a [[telex]]-based communication network to allow the government to maximise production while preserving the autonomy of workers and lower management.

Beer also was reported to have read and been influenced by [[Leon Trotsky]]'s critique of the [[Soviet bureaucracy]].<ref>"Beer also read Trotsky and found inspiration in Trotsky's critique of the Soviet bureaucracy".{{cite book |last1=Medina |first1=Eden |title=Cybernetic Revolutionaries: Technology and Politics in Allende's Chile |date=10 January 2014 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-52596-1 |page=292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBC3AgAAQBAJ&dq=Stafford+beer+Trotsky&pg=PA292 |language=en}}</ref> According to [[Herman Schwember]] (1939-2008), another senior member of the Cybersyn team, former Professor of Fluid Mechanics and Vice-Rector of the Catholic University of Chile, later exiled to London, Beer's political background and readings completely derived from works written by Trotsky and [[Trotskyists]]. Schwember himself disapproved of Trotsky's approach.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Medina |first1=Eden |title=Cybernetic Revolutionaries: Technology and Politics in Allende's Chile |date=10 January 2014 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-52596-1 |page=292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBC3AgAAQBAJ&dq=Stafford+beer+Trotsky&pg=PA292 |language=en}}</ref>

Although Cybersyn was abandoned after Allende's death during the [[Augusto Pinochet|Pinochet]] [[Chilean coup of 1973|coup]] in 1973, Beer continued to work in the Americas, consulting for the governments of [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Venezuela]]. Beer was particularly involved in the 1980s and 1990s on various governmental cybernetic projects, including Uruguay's successful URUCIB executive information system (1986–1988), Colombia's application of the [[Viable system model|Viable System Model]] to public sector reform (1990s–2000s) and unsuccessful ventures in Mexico and Venezuela that were undermined by corruption and political instability.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mariátegui |first=José-Carlos |date=2025-05-19 |title=Beyond Project Cybersyn: Tracing the Influence of Stafford Beer Projects and Ideas in Latin America |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-025-09717-2 |journal=Systemic Practice and Action Research |language=en |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=9 |doi=10.1007/s11213-025-09717-2 |issn=1573-9295|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-30 |title=Thinking inside out: Cybernetics and Viable Utopias {{!}} ZKM |url=https://zkm.de/en/media/videos/thinking-inside-out-cybernetics-and-viable-utopias |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=zkm.de |language=en}}</ref>

===Later activity===
In the mid-1970s he moved to [[Mid Wales]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stafford Beer: the man who could have run the world |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/611/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}</ref> where he lived an almost austere lifestyle, developing strong interests in poetry and art. In the 1980s he established a second home on the west side of downtown [[Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-24 |title=Stafford beer biography |url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/stafford-beer-biography/7379616 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=SlideShare |language=en}}</ref> He was a visiting professor at almost 30 universities and received an earned higher doctorate (DSc) from the [[University of Sunderland]] and honorary doctorates from the [[University of Leeds]], the [[University of St. Gallen]] and the [[University of Valladolid]]. He was president of the World Organization of Systems and Cybernetics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=Stafford Beer, The Father of Management Cybernetics |url=https://systemsthinkingalliance.org/stafford-beer-the-father-of-management-cybernetics/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |language=en}}</ref>

===Falcondale Collection===
[[File:Falcondale Mansion Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 714659.jpg|thumb|[[Falcondale House]]]]
In July 1994 Beer ran a residential course at [[Falcondale House]] in [[Lampeter]]. Nine sessions were recorded as a video learning resource, and are collectively known as the Falcondale collection. They are available [http://opendata.ljmu.ac.uk/6/ online] at the Data Repository of [[Liverpool John Moores University]].<ref name="ljmu">{{cite web |title=Stafford Beer: The Falcondale Collection |url=http://opendata.ljmu.ac.uk/6/ |website=opendata.ljmu.ac.uk |publisher=Liverpool John Moores University |access-date=26 November 2019 |language=en |date=December 1994}}</ref> The sessions covered art, science and philosophy as well as the practical application of cybernetics in society, government, community, management and business. Transcripts were made of the discussions and are also available from the same repository.<ref name="ljmu"/>

===Family life===
He was married twice, in 1947 to Cynthia Hannaway, and in 1968 to Sallie Steadman. His partner for the last twenty years of his life was [[Allenna Leonard]], a fellow cybernetician. Beer had five sons and two daughters, one of whom is [[Vanilla Beer]], an artist and writer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vanilla Beer and Allenna Leonard, "Stafford Beer: the Father of Management Cybernetics" (2019)|url=https://newbooksnetwork.com/stafford-beer-the-father-of-management-cybernetics|website=New Books Network|access-date=2026-02-02|language=en}}</ref>

==Work==
[[File:Cybernetic factory.svg|thumb|320px|Sketch for a cybernetic factory, 1959<ref>Stafford Beer, ''Cybernetic and Management'', English Universities Press, p. 150.</ref>]]

===Management cybernetics===
According to [[Mike Jackson (systems scientist)|Mike Jackson]], a [[systems scientist]], "Beer was the first to apply cybernetics to management, defining cybernetics as the ''science of effective organization''". In the 1960s and early 1970s "Beer was a prolific writer and an influential practitioner" in [[management cybernetics]]. It was during that period that he developed the [[viable system model]], to diagnose the faults in any existing organisational system. In that time [[Jay Wright Forrester]] invented [[systems dynamics]], which "held out the promise that the behaviour of whole systems could be represented and understood through modelling the dynamical feedback process going on within them".<ref name ="Mich 2000">Michael C. Jackson (2000), ''Systems Approaches to Management''</ref>

{{Clear}}

===Cybersyn===
{{Main|Project Cybersyn}}

[[File:Cybersyn control room.jpg|thumb|240px|left|[[Cybersyn]] operations room, 1972]]
During [[presidency of Salvador Allende|the presidency]] of [[Salvador Allende]] in Chile in the early 1970s, Beer was closely involved with a visionary project, [[Cybersyn]], to apply his cybernetic theories in government. The project's ultimate goal was to create a network of computers and communications equipment that would support the management of the state-run sector of Chile's economy; at its core would be an operations room where government managers could view important information about economic processes in real time, formulate plans of action, and transmit advice and directives to managers at plants and enterprises in the field.<ref name="RE">Raul Espejo, [http://www.metaphorum.org/proyecto_cybersyn_ingles.pdf Cybersyn] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227180025/http://www.metaphorum.org/proyecto_cybersyn_ingles.pdf |date=27 February 2008 }}, metaphorum.org; retrieved October 2007.</ref> However, consistent with cybernetic principles and the ideals of the Allende government, its designers aimed to preserve worker and lower-management autonomy instead of implementing a top-down system of centralised control. The system used a network of about 500 [[telex]] machines located at enterprises throughout the country and in government offices in [[Santiago]], some of which were connected to a government-operated [[mainframe computer]] that would receive information on production operations, feed that information into economic modelling software, and report on variables (such as raw material supplies) that were outside normal parameters and might require attention. The project, implemented by a multidisciplinary group of both Chileans and foreigners, reached an advanced prototype stage, but was interrupted by [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|the 1973 coup d'état]].<ref name="RE"/>

{{Clear}}

===Viable System Model===
[[File:Vsm.gif|thumb|240px|Principal functions of the [[Viable system model|Viable System Model]], 1975.]]
{{Main|Viable system model}}

The Viable System Model (VSM) is a [[model (abstract)|model]] of the organisational structure of any viable or [[autonomous]] [[system]]. A viable system is any system organised in such a way as to meet the demands of surviving in the changing environment. One of the prime features of systems that survive is that they are adaptable. The VSM expresses a model for a viable system, which is an abstracted cybernetic description that is applicable to any organisation that is a viable system and capable of autonomy.

===Syntegration and Team Syntegrity===
{{Anchor|Syntegrity}}Syntegrity is a formal model presented by Beer in the 1990s and now is a registered trademark. It is a form of non-hierarchical problem solving that can be used in a small team of 10 to 42 people. It is a business consultation product that is licensed out to consulting firms. The term comes from the words "[[synergistic]]" and "[[tensegrity]]".<ref>[http://www.syntegrity.com/science.html Syntegration: The Science webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015040117/http://www.syntegrity.com/science.html |date=15 October 2008 }}, syntegrity.com; accessed 22 August 2015.</ref>

===POSIWID===
{{Main|The purpose of a system is what it does}}

Stafford Beer coined and frequently used the term POSIWID (the purpose of a system is what it does) to refer to the commonly observed phenomenon that the de facto purpose of a system is often at odds with its official purpose. In an address to the [[University of Valladolid]] in October 2001, he said "According to the [[cybernetician]] the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment or sheer ignorance of circumstances."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Beer|first=Stafford|year=2002|title=What is cybernetics?|journal=Kybernetes|volume=31|issue=2|pages=209–219|publisher=MCB UP Ltd|doi=10.1108/03684920210417283}}</ref> This principle has been used to describe Social Machines as intelligent, for example in the case of "games with a purpose",<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cristianini |first=Nello |title=The shortcut: why intelligent machines do not think like us |date=2023 |isbn=978-1-003-33581-8 |location=Boca Raton |publisher=CRC Press |oclc=1352480147}}</ref> and it provides a link between AI and cybernetics.

==Awards==
Beer received awards from the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences]] in 1958, from the United Kingdom Systems Society, the [[Cybernetics Society]], the [[American Society for Cybernetics]] and the [[Operations Research Society of America]].{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

==Legacy==
* The Stafford Beer Medal is awarded in recognition of the most outstanding contribution to the philosophy, theory or practice of Information Systems published in the [[European Journal of Information Systems]] (EJIS) within the relevant year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stafford Beer Medal |url=https://www.theorsociety.com/ORS/ORS/Membership/Awards/Medals/Stafford-Beer.aspx |publisher=[[Operational Research Society]] |access-date=31 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
Beer wrote several books and articles:<ref>[http://www.kybernetik.ch/dwn/Beer_Bibliography.pdf Bibliography Stafford Beer], Cwarel Isaf Institute, Juli 2000.</ref>
* 1959, ''Cybernetics and Management'', English Universities Press.
* 1966, ''Decision and Control'', Wiley, London.
* 1968, ''Management Science: The business use of operations research'', Aldus Books, London, Doubleday, New York.
* 1972, ''Brain Of The Firm'', Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, London, Herder and Herder, USA.Translated into German, Italian, Swedish, French and Russian.
* 1974, ''Designing Freedom'', CBC Learning Systems, Toronto, 1974; and John Wiley, London and New York, 1975. Translated into Spanish and Japanese.
* 1975, ''Platform for Change'', John Wiley, London and New York. Reprinted with corrections 1978.
* 1977, ''Transit''; Poems, CWRW Press, Wales. Limited Edition, Private Circulation.
* 1979, ''The Heart of Enterprise'', John Wiley, London and New York. Reprinted with corrections 1988.
* 1981, ''Brain of the Firm''; Second Edition (much extended), John Wiley, London and New York. Reprinted 1986, 1988. Translated into Russian.
* 1983, ''Transit''; Poems, Second edition (much extended). With audio cassettes: Transit – Selected Readings, and one Person Metagame; Mitchell Communications, Publisher, 2693 Route 845, Carters Point, NB, Canada, E5S 1S2.
* 1985, ''Diagnosing the System for Organizations''; John Wiley, London and New York. Translated into Italian and Japanese. Reprinted 1988, 1990, 1991.
* 1986, ''Pebbles to Computer'': The Thread; (with [[Hans Blohm]]), Oxford University Press, Toronto.
* 1994, ''Beyond Dispute: The Invention of Team Syntegrity''; John Wiley, Chichester.

'''Audio'''
* 1973, Stafford Beer. [https://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/the-1973-cbc-massey-lectures-designing-freedom-1.2946819 "Designing Freedom"] The 1973 Massey Lectures RADIO CANADA INTERNATIONAL TRANSCRIPTION: E1121 "The Real Threat to all We Most Dear", E1122 "The Disregarded Tools of Modern Man", E1123, "A Liberty Machine in Prototype" E1124, "Science in The Service of Man" 1h 53:30.
* 1990, Stafford Beer, [http://www.cybsoc.org/#staff "Forty Years of Cybernetics"], Gordon Hyde Memorial Lecture at the [[Cybernetics Society]] in London, January 1990 (audio file: 1hr 27mins).

'''Video'''
* 1990, Stafford Beer, {{YouTube|7COX-b3HK50|The Intelligent Organization}} Stafford Beer at Monterrey Tec, March 1990 illustrated by Javier Livas

==See also==
* [[W. Ross Ashby]]
* [[Variety (cybernetics)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{citation |year=2004 |editor=Rayward, W. Boyd |editor2=Bowden, Mary Ellen |author=Pickering, Andrew |author-link=Andrew Pickering |chapter=The Science of the Unknowable: Stafford Beer's Cybernetic Informatics |title=The History and Heritage of Scientific and Technological Information Systems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76OOQannpBgC&q=history+heritage+technological |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76OOQannpBgC&q=stafford+beer's+cybernetic&pg=PA29 |place=Medford, New Jersey |publisher=Information Today, Inc |access-date=19 March 2013}}

==Further reading==
* 1994: Harnden, R and [[Allenna Leonard|Leonard, A.]] (Eds.), ''How Many Grapes Went into the Wine: Stafford Beer on the Art and Science of Holisitic Management''; John Wiley, Chichester.
* 2002: Rosemary Bechler and Rob Passmore, "Stafford Beer: the man who could have run the world", [[openDemocracy]], 7 November 2002
* 2003: Whittaker, David, ''Stafford Beer: A Personal Memoir''; (Includes an interview with Brian Eno) Wavestone Press, Charlbury
* 2004: "Ten pints of Beer: The rationale of Stafford Beer's cybernetic books (1959‐94)", ''[https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0368-492X Kybernetes]'', Vol. 33 No. 3/4, pp. 828–842. [https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920410523724 https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920410523724]
* 2006: Jonathan Rosenhead, "IFORS' Operational Research Hall of Fame Stafford Beer", in ''[[International Transactions in Operational Research]]'' Vol 13, nr.6, pp. 577–581.
* 2009: Whittaker, David (Ed.) ''Think Before you Think: Social Complexity and Knowledge of Knowing''; (Selected writings of Stafford Beer with life chronology), Foreword by Brian Eno, Wavestone Press, Charlbury
* {{Cite podcast |url=https://the-santiago-boys.com/ |title=The Santiago Boys |website=The Santiago Boys |last=Morozov |first=Evgeny |access-date=10 April 2024 |host= |date=July 2023}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Portal|Systems science}}
* [https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/microsites/library/special-collections-and-archives/special-collections/stafford-beer-collection Stafford Beer papers held at Liverpool John Moores University]
* [https://www.informatics.indiana.edu/edenm/EdenMedinaJLASAugust2006.pdf Designing Freedom, Regulating a Nation: Socialist Cybernetics in Allende's Chile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627154712/https://www.informatics.indiana.edu/edenm/EdenMedinaJLASAugust2006.pdf |date=27 June 2017 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108225159/http://www.vanillabeer.org/Stafford_Beer.htm Stafford Beer Biography from Vanilla Beer]
* {{YouTube|_hjAXkNbPfk|"What is Cybernetics?" by Javier Livas}}
* [https://www.informs.org/content/view/full/272741 Biography of Anthony Stafford Beer] from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences

'''Organizations'''
* [http://www.cybsoc.org/contacts/people-Beer.htm Cybernetics Society Memorial]
* [http://www.metaphorum.org/ The Metaphorum Group – Developing Stafford Beer's Legacy in Management Cybernetics]
* [http://www.scio.org.uk/ Systems & Cybernetics in Organisations (SCiO) – "focus on practice and members support activities." accessed 3 July 2009]
* [http://www.esrad.org.uk/resources/vsmg_3/screen.php?page=home/ Introduction to the Viable Systems Model and use in Cooperatives]
* [http://www.cybersyn.cl/ Web site of the cybersyn project]

{{Cybernetics}}
{{Systems}}
{{Society for General Systems Research Presidents}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beer, Stafford}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:Cyberneticists]]
[[Category:Organizational theorists]]
[[Category:People educated at Whitgift School]]
[[Category:British operations researchers]]
[[Category:British systems scientists]]
[[Category:Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester]]
[[Category:British consultants]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery soldiers]]
[[Category:Royal Fusiliers officers]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Gurkha Rifles officers]]
[[Category:Presidents of the International Society for the Systems Sciences]]
[[Category:People from Putney]]

1970 Bhiwandi riots

2026-02-01T15:11:39Z

AlberthaPickard: enhance formatting additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Civil riot in Bhiwandi, India}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox civil conflict|place=[[Bhiwandi]], [[Jalgaon]] and [[Mahad]] ([[Maharashtra]], India)|date=7–8 May 1970|partof=[[Religious violence in India]]|damage=[[₹]]15.32 [[crore]]|side1b=[[File:Oil lamp.svg|27px]] [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|Jana Sangh]]|detentions=324 Hindu and 2183 Muslim|casualties2=192 deaths|casualties1=37 deaths|side2b=[[File:Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg|24px]] [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]|side2a= [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind|Jamaat-e-Islami]]|side1c=[[File:Logo of Shiv Sena.svg|24px]] [[Shiv Sena]]|side1a= [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]]|title=1970 Bhiwandi violence|side2='''[[Muslims]]'''|side1='''[[Hindus]]'''}}

The '''1970 Bhiwandi riots''' were [[Religious violence in India|religious riots]] which occurred on 7 and 8 May in the Indian towns of [[Bhiwandi]], [[Jalgaon]] and [[Mahad]], between [[Hindus]] and [[Muslims]].{{sfn|Graff |Galonnier |2013|p=15-33}} The riots caused the deaths of over 250 people;{{sfn|Engineer|2003|p=8}} the Justice Madon commission, which investigated the riots, stated that 142 Muslims and 20 Hindus had been killed in Bhiwandi alone, and 50 Muslims and 17 Hindus in the surrounding areas.{{sfn|Graff |Galonnier |2013|p=15-33}} The commission strongly criticized the police for anti-Muslim bias in the aftermath of the riots, and also criticized the [[Shiv Sena]], a [[Hindutva|Hindu-nationalist]] political party, for its role in the violence.{{sfn|Hansen|2001|pp=74-75}}

== The riots ==
There had been a prolonged period of tension between Indian Nationalist groups such as the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] and Shiv Sena, and the Muslim radical groups [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind|Jamaat-i-Islami]], the [[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League]] and Majlis Tameer-e-Millat.{{sfn|Hansen|2001|p=74}} The [[Rashtriya Utsav Mandal]] had campaigned for permission to have a procession to celebrate the birthday of the [[Maratha clan system|Maratha]] warrior-King [[Shivaji]], which would pass through an area where the residents were predominantly Muslims, and by a mosque. Permission was given over the protests of Muslim leaders and on 7 May the procession began.{{sfn|Graff |Galonnier |2013|p=15-33}}

The procession was organised by Shiv Sena and supporters of the [[Hindutva|Hindu right]], who, it was reported, arrived armed with [[Fighting stick|lathis]]. Between 3,000 and 4,000 people had travelled from villages close to Bhiwandi, and once the procession began, some Muslims threw stones which triggered the violence. Once the violence began the police opened fire several times.{{sfn|Horowitz|2001|p=364}}{{sfn|Banerjee|2005|p=101}} {{sfn|Graff |Galonnier |2013|p=15–33}} An indefinite [[curfew]] was declared by the police at 10:00 p.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) that night. As violence ensued, fire engines and ambulances were brought in from [[Bombay]], [[Thane]], [[Ulhasnagar]], [[Kalyan (city)|Kalyan]], [[Ambarnath]] and other nearby places. ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reported that "knives and acid bulbs were freely used in the places".<ref>{{cite news|title=Curfew in town near Bombay: 10 die in riots|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700508&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=12 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=8 May 1970}}</ref>

Subsequently, a 24-hour curfew was imposed also in the neighbouring town of [[Jalgaon]], where 50 were reportedly injured by 8 May. The official figures put the total death toll at 21. The [[Indian Army]] was called in the same day to the two towns to bring the situation under control.<ref>{{cite news|title=Army Called Out in Maharashtra Town|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2odlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=op4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=625%2C2904854|access-date=12 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=9 May 1970|page=1}}</ref> It was reported that towns returned to "normalcy" the following day.<ref>{{cite news|title=Riot towns limp to normalcy|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=24dlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=op4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1784%2C2951411|access-date=12 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|page=1|date=10 May 1970}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Following the incident, the [[Indian government]] formed a Commission headed by Justice [[Dinshah Pirosha Madon]]. The final report from the commission ran to seven volumes and was highly critical of the police for their failure to prevent the riots, the report was also highly critical of Shiv Sena for their part in the violence.{{sfn|Engineer|2003|p=8}}

According to the Madon report, of those arrested during the violence, 324 were Hindu and 2,183 were Muslim.{{sfn|Robinson|2005|p=103}} The report was highly critical of the police, stating that their action showed a clear "anti-Muslim bias".{{sfn|Hansen|2001|p=75}} According to K. Jaishankar, of those arrested for clearly identifiable crimes during the violence in 1970, 21 were Hindu and 901 were Muslim, a figure disproportionate to the numbers of casualties (which Jaishankar gives as 17 Hindus and 59 Muslims).{{sfn|Jaishankar|2010|p=211}}

Economic costs for the riots in Bhiwandi, according to the Madon and police reports ran to {{INR}}{{formatnum:15320163}}. In Jalgaon, 112 Muslim properties and been attacked by [[arson]]ists, with 87 of these being razed to the ground. There was looting of 250 properties and another 28 had been damaged. Economic costs for the violence in Jalgaon ran to {{INR}}{{formatnum:3474722}} with the costs to Muslims being {{INR}}{{formatnum:3390997}}.{{sfn|Robinson|2005|pp=101–102}}

The commission gave a death toll of 164 in Bhiwandi alone, 142 Muslims and 20 Hindus, and in the nearby villages of [[Khoni, Maharashtra|Khoni]] and [[Nagaon Beach|Nagaon]] the commission stated that there had been 78 deaths, 17 Hindus and 50 Muslims.{{sfn|Graff |Galonnier |2013|p=15-33}}

==See also==
*[[Hindu terrorism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}

*{{cite book|last=Banerjee|first=Sikata|title=Make Me a Man!: Masculinity, Hinduism, and Nationalism in India|year=2005|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0791463680}}
*{{cite book|last=Engineer|first=Asgharali|title=The Gujarat Carnage|year=2003|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-8125024965|editor=Asgharali Engineer|chapter=Introduction}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Graff|first1=Violette|first2=Juliette |last2=Galonnier|title=Hindu-Muslim Communal Riots in India I (1947–1986)|journal=Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence|year=2013|url=http://www.massviolence.org/Hindu-Muslim-Communal-Riots-in,736,|issn=1961-9898}}
*{{cite book|last=Horowitz|first=Donald L.|title=The Deadly Ethnic Riot|year=2001|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0520224476|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/deadlyethnicriot00horo}}
*{{cite book|last=Hansen|first=Thomas Blom|title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0691088402}}
*{{cite book|last=Jaishankar|first=K.|title=International Handbook of Victimology|year=2010|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1420085471|pages=182–213|editor1=Shlomo Giora Shoham|editor2=Paul Knepper|editor3=Martin Kett|chapter=Patterns of Communal Violence Victimization in South Asia}}
*{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=Rowena|title=Tremors of Violence: Muslim Survivors of Ethnic Strife in Western India|year=2005|publisher=SAGE|isbn=978-0761934080}}

{{refend}}

{{Hindu Nationalism}}
{{Riots in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhiwandi riots, 1970}}
[[Category:Anti-Muslim riots in India]]
[[Category:1970 murders in India]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:May 1970 in Asia]]
[[Category:1970 riots]]
[[Category:20th-century political riots]]
[[Category:Police misconduct in India]]
[[Category:1970s in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Mass murders in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1970 mass murders]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:Hinduism-motivated violence in India]]
[[Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]]
[[Category:Indian Union Muslim League]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena]]
[[Category:Bhiwandi]]
[[Category:Jalgaon]]
[[Category:Raigad district]]
[[Category:Stone pelting in India]]
[[Category:Political riots in India]]

Sandi Assembly constituency

2026-01-27T02:46:59Z

AlberthaPickard: entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sandi
| map_image = File:158-Sandi.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 158
| district = [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
| reservation = SC
| established = 2012
| loksabha_cons = [[Hardoi Lok Sabha constituency|Hardoi]]
| mla = [[Prabhash Kumar]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| electors = 3,32,011
| latest_election_year = 2022
}}
'''Sandi''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of [[Sandi, Uttar Pradesh|Sandi]], and other parts of [[Bilgram tehsil|Bilgram]] and [[Hardoi tehsil]]s, both in [[Hardoi district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Hardoi Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 158 amongst 403 constituencies.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> As of 2022, it is represented by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate '''Prabhash Kumar''' who won in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/sandi.html|title=Assembly result 2022|website=Elections.in}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Rajeshwari<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Prabhash Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<ref name="election2022"/>
|}

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sandi<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Prabhash Kumar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:81519}}
|percentage = 41.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Usha Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:72286}}
|percentage = 36.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kamal Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:30576}}
|percentage = 15.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:1689}}
|percentage = 0.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:195511}}
|percentage = 58.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Sandi
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prabhash Kumar
|votes = 81519
|percentage = 41.7
|change = 2.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Usha Verma
|votes = 72286
|percentage = 36.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kamal Verma S/O Sundar Lal Verma
|votes = 30576
|percentage = 15.64
|change = -11.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Akanksha Verma
|votes = 3055
|percentage = 1.56
|change = -26.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 1689
|percentage = 0.86
|change = -0.35
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 9233
|percentage = 4.73
|change = -6.16
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 195511
|percentage = 58.89
|change = 0.37
}}
{{Election box end
}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Sandi
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prabhash Kumar
|votes = 72044
|percentage = 38.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Omendra Kumar Verma
|votes = 51819
|percentage = 27.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Virendra Kumar
|votes = 50725
|percentage = 27.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Urmila Devi
|votes = 1456
|percentage = 0.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Santosh
|votes = 1227
|percentage = 0.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Santosh Verma
|votes = 1139
|percentage = 0.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Meena Devi
|votes = 1111
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Prem Chand
|votes = 905
|percentage = 0.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Anand Kumar
|votes = 737
|percentage = 0.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Subhash Sena
|candidate = Virendra Kumar
|votes = 556
|percentage = 0.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Vijay Bahadur
|votes = 474
|percentage = 0.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Upendra Kumar
|votes = 462
|percentage = 0.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Unknown
|candidate = Krishna Kumar
|votes = 426
|percentage = 0.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Unknown
|candidate = Ram Lakhan Gautam
|votes = 409
|percentage = 0.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 2222
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 20225
|percentage = 10.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 185712
|percentage = 58.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box end
}}

==See also==
*[[Hardoi district]]
*[[List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|27.29|79.96|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Hardoi district]]

Jangipur subdivision

2026-01-17T15:38:31Z

AlberthaPickard: page fix

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jangipur subdivision
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| image_skyline = File:Jangipur (subdivision) in Murshidabad.svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.47|N|88.07|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
| leader_title = Administrative Division

| leader_name = [[Malda division|Malda]]

| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Raghunathganj]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1,097.82
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,972,308
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|wb.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jangipur subdivision''' is an administrative subdivision of [[Murshidabad district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. [[West Bengal]]'s [[Chief minister|CM]] [[Mamata Banerjee]] announced that a new [[Farakka subdivision]] will be created from the [[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]], [[Suti I]], and [[Suti II]] blocks of Jangipur Subdivision.{{when|date=September 2025}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=MP |first=Team |date=2025-05-07 |title=CM announces new sub-div in Murshidabad; lays foundation for 167 projects worth ₹718 cr |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/cm-announces-new-sub-div-in-murshidabad-lays-foundation-for-167-projects-worth-718-cr-609633 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-06 |title=CM announces new subdivision in Murshidabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cm-announces-new-subdivision-in-murshidabad/articleshow/120937614.cms |access-date=2025-05-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Overview==
The [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi River]] splits the district into two natural physiographic regions – Rarh on the west and Bagri on the east. Jangipur subdivision lies in the [[Rarh]] region in [[Murshidabad district]].<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/jangipur-police-district-formed/cid/1731901 Two New Police District Murshidabad and Jangipur]</ref> The Rarh region spreads over from the adjoining [[Santhal Pargana division]] of [[Jharkhand]] on the west. The land is slightly higher in altitude than the surrounding plains and is undulating. The [[Padma River]], on the east, separates Murshidabad district from [[Malda district]] and [[Chapai Nawabganj District|Chapai Nawabganj]] and [[Rajshahi District|Rajshahi]] districts of Bangladesh in the north.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Physiography, Page 13 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | title= Murshidabad | work= Geography | publisher= Murshidabad district authorities | access-date= 24 July 2017 | archive-date= 29 August 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170829154116/http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
===Subdivisions===
Murshidabad district is divided into the following administrative subdivisions:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad, Tables 2.2, 2.4(a) | work = Note: At the time of uploading of the revised version of this page the internet version of the District Statistical Handbook had been taken off but there is a print version | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 16 May 2017 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | archive-date = 29 July 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
[[File:Murshidabad Subdivision Map (en).svg|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subdivision ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||Rural population % (2011)||Urban population % (2011)
|-
|[[Barhampur subdivision|Barhampur]]||[[Baharampur]]||1,195.57||1,725,525||80.15||19.85
|-
|[[Kandi subdivision|Kandi]]||[[Kandi, Murshidabad|Kandi]]||1,200.76||1,155,645||93.21||6.79
|-
|Jangipur||[[Jangipur (WB)|Jangipur]]||1,097.82||1,972,308||56.43||43.57
|-
|[[Lalbag subdivision|Lalbag]]||[[Murshidabad]]||1019.10||1,253,886||92.36||7.64
|-
|[[Domkol subdivision|Domkol]]||[[Domkol]]||837.88||996,443||97.55||2.45
|-
|[[Murshidabad district]]|| ||5,324.00||7,103,807||80.28||19.72
|-
|}

{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=500| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|24|42|0|N|87|59|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the northern portion of Jangipur subdivision, Murshidabad district (including Farakka, Samserganj, Suti II CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility Abbreviation- TPS: Thermal Power Station Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|48|4|N|87|53|50|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Srimantapur | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Srimantapur]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|47|33|N|87|54|51|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Benia Gram| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Benia Gram]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|48|30|N|87|54|39|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3= Farakka Barrage |labela3= Township| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Farakka Barrage Township]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|43|21|N|87|56|3|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Arjunpur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Arjunpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|42|49|N|87|55|52|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Sibnagar| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Sibnagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|41|55|N|87|55|10|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Mamrejpur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Mamrejpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|42|16|N|87|56|17|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Pranpara| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Pranpara]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|41|21|N|87|55|41|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Mahadeb Nagar| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Mahadeb Nagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|40|30|N|87|56|44|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Anup Nagar| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Anup Nagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|40|8|N|87|56|47|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jafrabad| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Jafrabad, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|39|45|N|87|57|30|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Kankuria| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Kankuria]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|39|0|N|87|58|34|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Uttar Mahammadpur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Uttar Mahammadpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|39|20|N|87|58|30|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Chachanda| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Chachanda]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|38|35|N|87|58|50|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Dhusaripara| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Dhusaripara]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|38|10|N|88|0|50|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Serpur| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Serpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|38|38|N|87|58|6|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Kohetpur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Kohetpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|38|20|N|87|55|31|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Bhasaipaikar| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Bhasaipaikar]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|39|20|N|87|57|40|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Jaykrishnapur| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Jaykrishnapur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|39|0|N|87|58|4|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Basudebpur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Basudebpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|38|10|N|88|1|30|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Jagtaj| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Jagtaj]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|37|34|N|88|1|17|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Debipur| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Debipur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|37|0|N|88|1|25|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Aurangabad| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Aurangabad, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|37|50|N|87|58|30|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Mahendrapur| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Mahendrapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|37|50|N|88|1|0|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Hafania| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Hafania]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|38|15|N|87|58|40|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Dafahat| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Dafahat]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|36|15|N|88|2|35|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Paschim Punropara| numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Paschim Punropara]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|34|49|N|88|2|57|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Ichhlampur| numbered27=CT| mark-title27=[[Ichhlampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|35|50|N|88|2|50|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= Chakmeghoan| numbered28=CT| mark-title28=[[Chakmeghoan]] (CT)
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|35|20|N|88|3|0|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29=Kakramari| numbered29=CT| mark-title29=[[Kakramari]] (CT)
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|34|52|N|88|2|19|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30=Khanpur| numbered30=CT| mark-title30=[[Khanpur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|36|32|N|88|1|40|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31=Khidirpur| numbered31=CT| mark-title31=[[Khidirpur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|36|0|N|88|1|9|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32=Bhabki| numbered32=CT| mark-title32=[[Bhabki]] (CT)
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|41|0|N|87|57|14|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33= Dhuliyan| numbered33=M| mark-title33=[[Dhuliyan]] (M) | shape-color33= #800000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|48|16|N|87|55|59|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Farakka Barrage| numbered34=F| mark-title34= [[Farakka Barrage]] (F) |shape-color34=#967117
|mark-coord35={{coord|24|46|21|N|87|53|39|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35= Farakka Super TPS| numbered35=F| mark-title35= [[Farakka Super Thermal Power Station]] (F) |shape-color35=#967117
|mark-coord36={{coord|24|47|25|N|87|54|15|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36= Farakka| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Farakka]] (R) |shape-color36=#C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|35|21|N|88|0|33|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37= Mahesail| numbered37=R| mark-title37= [[Mahesail]] (R) |shape-color37=#C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|39|44|N|87|58|10|E}} | label-pos38=right|label38= Nimtita| numbered38=R| mark-title38= [[Nimtita]] (R) |shape-color38=#C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|37|0|N|88|2|0|E}} | label-pos39=right|label39= Suti| numbered39=R| mark-title39= [[Suti]] (R) |shape-color39=#C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|46|45|N|87|54|37|E}} | label-pos40=right|label40= Nabarun| numbered40=R| mark-title40= [[Nabarun]] (R) |shape-color40=#C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|46|0|N|87|56|40|E}} | label41= Ganges River| label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= 85| label-pos41=right| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|24|38|20|N|88|3|10|E}} | label42= Padma River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 45| label-pos42=right| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|46|0|N|87|54|10|E}} | label43= Farakka | labela43 = Feeder Canal| label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= 85| label-pos43=right| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|24|40|53|N|87|55|52|E}} | label-pos44=left|label44= Tarapur| numbered44=R| mark-title44= [[Tarapur, Murshidabad]] (R) |shape-color44=#C40000
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|46|0|N|88|5|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=50| arc-gapA=5.5| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|24|34|30|N|87|53|0|E}}|arc-textB= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-120| arc-gapB=5.5| arc-radiusB=0.35}}

{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=550| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|24|26|0|N|88|6|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the southern portion of Jangipur subdivision, Murshidabad district (including Suti I, Raghunathganj I, Raghunathganj II, Sagardighi CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility Abbreviation- TPS: Thermal Power Station, AMU: Aligarh Muslim University Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|33|50|N|88|3|18|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Ramakantapur | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Ramakantapur]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|31|52|N|88|4|6|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Fatellapur| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Fatellapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|34|8|N|88|2|13|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Madna| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Madna, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|33|0|N|88|3|46|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Nayabahadurpur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Nayabahadurpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|28|2|N|88|2|2|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Ghorsala| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Ghorsala]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|27|36|N|88|3|0|E}} | label-pos6= bottom|label6= Srikantabati| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Srikantabati]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|27|0|N|88|4|45|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Charka| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Charka, Jangipur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|26|35|N|88|6|9|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Dafarpur| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Dafarpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|26|9|N|88|6|24|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Ramnagar| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Ramnagar, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|24|27|N|88|4|4|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Mirzapur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Mirzapur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|30|30|N|88|4|36|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Giria| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Giria, India]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|29|11|N|88|4|57|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Mithipur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Mithipur]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|28|20|N|88|5|37|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Jot Kamal| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Jot Kamal]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|27|54|N|88|5|44|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Osmanpur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Osmanpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|0|36|N|88|28|36|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Sahajadpur| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Sahajadpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|27|45|N|88|6|27|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Khodarampur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Khodarampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|27|21|N|88|7|22|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Donalia| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Donalia]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|26|55|N|88|7|53|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Teghari| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Teghari, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|26|26|N|88|9|9|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Krishna Sali| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Krishna Sali]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|26|0|N|88|10|32|E}} | label-pos20=bottom|label20= Bara Jumla| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Bara Jumla]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|31|6|N|88|2|38|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= AMU: Murshidabad Centre| numbered21=F| mark-title21= [[Aligarh Muslim University: Murshidabad Centre]] (F) |shape-color21=#967117
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|22|9|N|88|6|22|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Sagardighi TPS| numbered22=F| mark-title22= [[Sagardighi Thermal Power Station]] (F) |shape-color22=#967117
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|28|8|N|88|6|11|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Jangipur| numbered23=M| mark-title23=[[Jangipur, Murshidabad]] (M) | shape-color23= #800000
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|31|5|N|88|1|12|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Ahiran| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Ahiran]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|29|24|N|87|59|40|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Bansabati| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Bansabati]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|31|32|N|87|59|23|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Harua| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Harua]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|21|33|N|88|6|51|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Manigram| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Manigram]] (R) |shape-color27=#C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|18|20|N|88|1|48|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= Morgram| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Morgram]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|28|14|N|88|2|58|E}} | label-pos29=top|label29= Raghunathganj| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Raghunathganj]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|33|0|N|88|2|1|E}} | label-pos30=top|label30= Sadikpur| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Sadikpur, Murshidabad]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|17|50|N|88|5|5|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31= Sagardighi| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Sagardighi, Murshidabad]] (R) |shape-color31=#C40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|17|38|N|88|11|9|E}} | label-pos32=right|label32= Nurpur| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Nurpur, Murshidabad]] (R) |shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|25|56|N|88|5|4|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Rajnagar| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Rajnagar, Murshidabad]] (R) |shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|34|0|N|88|9|0|E}} | label34= Padma River| label-color34 = #77A1CB| label-angle34= 80| label-pos34=right| label-size34=10| mark-size34=0| mark-title34 =none
|mark-coord35={{coord|24|35|0|N|87|58|20|E}} | label35= Farakka Feeder Canal | label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35= 43| label-pos35=right| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|mark-coord36={{coord|24|33|20|N|87|58|40|E}}| label36=Bansloi River| label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36= 30| label-pos36=right| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|23|0|N|88|9|0|E}} | label37= Bhagirathi River| label-color37 = #77A1CB| label-angle37= 40| label-pos37=right| label-size37=10| mark-size37=0| mark-title37 =none
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|20|57|N|88|4|23|E}} | label-pos38= left|label38=Kherur Mosque| numbered38=H| mark-title38= [[Kherur Mosque]] (H)| shape-color38=#AA6666
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|35|0|N|88|10|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=50| arc-gapA=4.0| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Administrative units===
Jangipur subdivision has 5 police stations, 7 community development blocks, 7 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samitis]], 61 [[gram panchayat]]s, 561 [[mouza]]s, 420 inhabited villages, 2 municipalities and 52 [[census town]]s. The municipalities are: [[Jangipur (WB)|Jangipur]] and [[Dhulian]]. The census towns are: [[Farakka Barrage Township]], Srimantapur (P), Benia Gram, Arjunpur, Sibnagar, Memrejpur, Pranpara, Mahadebnagar, [[Anup Nagar]], Jaffrabad, [[Kankuria]], [[Uttar Mahammadpur]], [[Chachanda]], [[Dhusaripara]], [[Serpur]], Kohetpur, Bhasaipaikar, Jaykrishnapur, Basudebpur, [[Madna, West Bengal|Madna]], [[Ramakantapur]], [[Nayabahadurpur]], [[Fatellapur]], [[Jagtaj]], Debipur, [[Aurangabad, West Bengal|Aurangabad]], Mahendrapur, Hafania, [[Dafahat]], [[Paschim Punropara]], Ichhlampur, Chakmeghoan, Kakramari, Khanpur, Khidirpur, Bhabki, [[Ghorsala]], [[Srikantabati]], [[Charka, Jangipur|Charka]], Dafarpur, Ramnagar, Mirzapur, Giria, Mithipur, [[Jot Kamal]], Osmanpur, [[Sahajadpur]], [[Khodarampur]], Donalia, Teghari, Krishna Sali and Bara Jumla. The subdivision has its headquarters at [[Jangipur (WB)|Jangipur]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Table 2.1 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 16 May 2017 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | archive-date = 29 July 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Murshidabad of West Bengal | access-date = 16 May 2017}}</ref>

Note: The two maps present some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the maps are linked in the larger full screen maps.

===Police stations===
Murshidabad district is divided into two police districts. Jangipur subdivision with seven blocks is under [[Jangipur police district]] for law and order purposes.

Police stations in Jangipur subdivision have the following features and jurisdiction:<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabd |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 17 May 2017 |url-status = usurped |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |archive-date = 29 July 2017 |df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.murshidabadpolicewb.gov.in/# | title = Murshidabad District Police | publisher = West Bengal Police | access-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823011111/http://www.murshidabadpolicewb.gov.in/ | archive-date = 23 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Police station ||Area covered km2||India-Bangladesh border km||Inter-state border KM||Municipal town || CD Block
|-
|[[Farakka#Police station|Farakka]]|| n/a || - || n/a || - ||[[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]]
|-
|[[Dhulian#Police station|Samserganj]]|| n/a || n/a || n/a ||[[Dhulian]]||[[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]]
|-
|[[Suti#Police station|Suti]]|| n/a || n/a || n/a || - ||[[Suti I]], [[Suti II]]
|-
|[[Raghunathganj#Police station|Raghunathganj]]|| n/a || n/a || n/a ||[[Jangipur (WB)|Jangipur]]||[[Raghunathganj I]], [[Raghunathganj II]]
|-
|[[Sagardighi, Murshidabad#Police station|Sagardighi]]|| n/a || - || - || - ||[[Sagardighi (community development block)|Sagardighi]]
|-
|}

Murshidabad district has a 125.35 km long international border with Bangladesh of which 42.35 km is on land and the remaining is riverine.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://murshidabad.nic.in/About.aspx | title = Egiye Bangla Murshidabad | publisher = Murshidabad district authorities | access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref>

There are reports of [[Illegal immigration to India|Bangladeshi infiltrators]] entering Murshidabad district.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/bangladeshi-infiltration-the-reality-check.html|title = Bangladeshi Infiltration: The Reality Check |publisher= The Pioneer, 27 June 2015 | access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=telegraph>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/1050823/asp/nation/story_5136259.asp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051205225003/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050823/asp/nation/story_5136259.asp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 December 2005 |title = Report taking shape amid infiltration buzz |publisher= The Telegraph, 23 August 2005 | access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref> An estimate made in 2000 places the total number of illegal Bangladeshi immigrants in India at 1.5 crore, with around 3 lakh entering every year. The thumb rule for such illegal immigrants is that for each illegal person caught four get through. While many immigrants have settled in the border areas, some have moved on, even to far way places such as Mumbai and Delhi. The border is guarded by the [[Border Security Force]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.idsa.in/system/files/strategicanalysis_Jamwal_0304.pdf | title = Border Management: Dilemma of Guarding the India-Bangladesh border | last = Jamwal | first = N.S. | publisher = Strategic Analysis, January–March 2004 | access-date = 26 August 2017 | archive-date = 26 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170826193339/http://www.idsa.in/system/files/strategicanalysis_Jamwal_0304.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> During the UPA government, [[Sriprakash Jaiswal]], Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, had made a statement in Parliament on 14 July 2004, that there were 12 million illegal Bangladeshi infiltrators living in India, and West Bengal topped the list with 5.7 million Bangladeshis. More recently, [[Kiren Rijiju]], Minister of State for Home Affairs in the NDA government has put the figure at around 20 million.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/two-crore-illegal-bangladeshi-living-in-india-govt-116111601110_1.html| title = Two crore illegal Bangladeshi living in India: Govt | publisher = Business Standard / Press Trust of India, 16 November 2016 |access-date = 26 August 2017}}</ref> Critics point out that the Bengali politicians, particularly those from the ruling [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] and the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]], believe that a soft approach to the problem helps them to win Muslim votes.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.oneindia.com/feature/bangladeshi-infiltrators-bengal-will-be-eaten-up-by-frankenstein-it-created-1697552.html | title = Bangladesh infiltrators: Bengal will be eaten up by the Frankenstein it created | date = 27 March 2015 | publisher = One India, 27 March 2015 |access-date = 26 August 2017}}</ref>

===Gram Panchayats===
The subdivision contains 61 [[gram panchayat]]s under 7 [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Murshidabad - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 25 August 2017}}</ref>

* [[Raghunathganj I]] CD Block - Dafarpur, Jarur, Mirjapur, Jamuar, Kanupur and Raninagar.
* [[Raghunathganj II]] CD Block - Barasimul Dayarampur, Jotkamal, Mitipur, Sekendra, Kasiadanga, Sammatinagar, Teghari–I, Giria, Lakshmijola and Sekalipur.
* [[Suti I]] CD Block - [[Ahiran]], [[Bansabati]], [[Nurpur, Murshidabad|Nurpur]], [[Bahutali]], [[Harua]] and [[Sadikpur, Murshidabad|Sadikpur]].
* [[Suti II]] CD Block - Aurangabad–I, Jagtai–I, Laxmipur, [[Umrapur, West Bengal|Umrapur]], Aurangabad–II, Jagtai–II, Mahesail–I, Bajitpur, Kasimnagar, Mahesail–II.
* [[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]] CD Block - Bogdadnagar, Gajinagar Malancha, Nimtita, Bhasaipaikar, Chachanda, Pratapganj, Dogachhi Napara, Kanchantala and Tinpukuria.
* [[Sagardighi (community development block)|Sagardighi]] CD Block - Balia, Bokhara–I, Kabilpur, Patkeldanga, Bannyeswar, Bokhara–II, Monigram, Sagardighi, Barala, Gobordhandanga and Moregram.
* [[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]] CD Blocks - Arjunpur, Bewa–I, Mahadebnagar, Bahadurpur, Bewa–II, Maheshpur, Beniagram, Imamnagar and Nayansukh.

===Blocks===
Community development blocks in Jangipur subdivision are:<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/download.php?v=13 | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Table 2.1 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 May 2017 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170302072706/http://dospiwb.org.in/download.php?v=13 | archive-date = 2 March 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 16 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2103 | title = BDO Offices in Murshidabad district | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | access-date = 3 September 2017 | archive-date = 6 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170906200023/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2103 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
[[File:Murshidabad Tehsil Map (en).svg|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD Block ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] %||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] %||[[Muslims]] %||[[Hindus]] %||Decadal Growth Rate 2001-2011 %||Literacy rate %||Census Towns
|-
|[[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]]||[[Farakka]]||132.74||274,111||11.93||1.88||67.15||32.23||24.57||60.47||8
|-
|[[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]]||[[Dhulian]]||84.21||284,072||6.48||0.06||83.48||16.38||34.09||54.98||11
|-
|[[Suti I]]||[[Ahiran]]||143.68||179,908||14.37||0.15||58.15||41.62||29.02||58.06||4
|-
|[[Suti II]]||[[Dafahat]]||111.13||278,922||7.34||0.18||72.53||27.22||30.82||55.23||13
|-
|[[Raghunathganj I]]||[[Raghunathganj]]||140.91||195,627||27.11||1.33||56.48||43.32||26.73||64.49||6
|-
|[[Raghunathganj II]]||[[Giria, India|Giria]]||140.91||265,336||8.76||0.03||81.97||17.87||37.82||61.17||10
|-
|[[Sagardighi (community development block)|Sagardighi]]||[[Sagardighi, Murshidabad|Sagadighi]]||345.42||310,461||18.78||6.38||64.68||31.56||23.06||65.26|| -
|-
|}

===River bank erosion===
As of 2013, an estimated 2.4 million people reside along the banks of the [[Ganges]] alone in Murshidabad district.<ref name="erosion1">{{cite web | url = http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | title = Types and sources of floods in Murshidabad, West Bengal | work = Swati Mollah | publisher = Indian Journal of Applied Research, February 2013 | access-date = 5 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170820073737/http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | archive-date = 20 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The main channel of the Ganges has a bankline of 94 km along its right bank from downstream of Farakka Barrage to Jalangi. Severe erosion occurs all along this bank. The encroaching river wiped out 50 mouzas and engulfed about 10,000 hectares of fertile land. The following blocks have to face the brunt of erosion year after year: [[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]], [[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]], [[Suti I]], [[Suti II]], [[Raghunathganj II]], [[Lalgola (community development block)|Lalgola]], [[Bhagawangola I]], [[Bhagawangola II]], [[Raninagar I]], [[Raninagar II]] and [[Jalangi (community development block)|Jalangi]]. As per official estimate, till 1992-94 more than 10,000 hectares of chars (flood plain sediment island) have developed in main places, which have become inaccessible from the Indian side but can be reached easily from Bangladesh.<ref name="erosion5">{{cite web | url = http://www.sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | title = A Report on the Impact of Farakka Barrage on the Human Fabric, November 1999 | work = The social impact of erosion, pp 13-14 | first = Manisha | last = Banerjee | publisher = South Asia Network On Dams, Rivers and People, New Delhi: 110 088 India | access-date = 5 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808234303/http://sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | archive-date = 8 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

See also - [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts]]

==Economy==
===Infrastructure===
All inhabited villages in Murshidabad district have power supply.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 96-97 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 11 September 2017}}</ref>

See the individual block pages for more information about the infrastructure available.

===Farakka Barrage===
Farakka Barrage Project Complex comprises the 2,245 m long [[Farakka Barrage]] across the [[Ganges]], the 213 m long Jangipur Barrage across the [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]], the 38.38 km long [[Feeder Canal (Farakka)|Feeder Canal]], 33.79 km long Left Afflux Bund of Farakka Barrage and 16.31 km long Left Afflux Bund of Jangipur Barrage, Anti-erosion Protection Work from Rajmahal and Diara (40 km upstream of Farakka Barrage) to Jalangi (80 km downstream from Farakka Barrage) and associated work. Farakka Barrage carries a rail-cum-road bridge. One of the largest projects of its kind in the country, it is under the Union Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://fbp.gov.in/ | title = Farakka Barrage Project | publisher = FBP | access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>

===Power stations===
The 2,100 MW [[Farakka Super Thermal Power Station]] of [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] at [[Nabarun]] and the 1,600 MW [[Sagardighi Thermal Power Station]] of [[West Bengal Power Development Corporation]], at [[Manigram]], are in Jangipur subdivision.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://ntpc.co.in/power-generation/coal-based-power-stations/farakka | title= Power Generation | work= Farakka | publisher= NTPC | access-date= 7 August 2016 | archive-date= 30 October 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161030030445/http://www.ntpc.co.in/power-generation/coal-based-power-stations/farakka | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpdcl.co.in/wbpdcl/sagardighipowerstation.html | title = The West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited | work = Sagardighi Thermal Power Project | publisher = WBPDCL | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-date = 23 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823115439/http://www.wbpdcl.co.in/wbpdcl/sagardighipowerstation.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Beedi industry===
According to a 2016 report, there are around 1,000,000 (1 million/ ten lakh) workers engaged in the [[beedi]] industry in Jangipur subdivision. 90% are home-based and 70% of the home-based workers are women. There are around 90 registered manufacturers of major biri brands in West Bengal, the nerve centre being Jangipur subdivision. There are 18 big factories and 50 small factories in this subdivision. The munshi, a contractor, who distributes the raw materials to the homes of workers and collects the finished products, is a key figure.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ruralindiaonline.org/articles/note-ban-sends-beedi-units-up-in-smoke/ | title = Note ban sends biri workers up in smoke | publisher = Pari | date=17 December 2016 |access-date = 30 August 2017}}</ref> As of 2003, around 400,000 workers were engaged in the prime area locations of beedi making, a household industry, in [[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]], [[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]], [[Suti I]], [[Suti II]], [[Raghunathganj I]] and [[Raghunathganj II]] CD Blocks of Jangipur subdivision. The majority of those working were women and children.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/28080/6/06_chapter%201.pdf| title = Child workers in household industry: a study of beedi industry in Murshidabad district of West Bengal | first= Sunirmal| last= Kar| work = Viswa Bharati University thesis, page 5 | publisher = Shodhganga | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.com/features/the-poor-man-s-cigarette-1485045757.html | title = The 'Poor man's cigarette' | work = Gurvinder Singh | date = 22 January 2017 | publisher = The Statesman, 22 January 2017 | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Beedi-workers-of-Jangipur-hold-key/article16588097.ece#! | title = Beedi workers of Jangipur hold key | work = Indrani Dutta | date = 30 April 2009 | publisher = The Hindu, 1 May 2009 | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Murshidabad is a predominantly agricultural district. A majority of the population depends on agriculture for a living. The land is fertile. The eastern portion of the Bhagirathi, an [[alluvium|alluvial]] tract, is very fertile for growing [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aus]] paddy, jute and [[rabi crop]]s. The Kalantar area in the south-eastern portion of the district, is a low-lying area with stiff dark clay and supports mainly the cultivation of Aman paddy. The west flank of the Bhagirathi is a [[laterite|lateritic]] tract intersected by numerous [[Beel|bils]] and old river beds. It supports the cultivation of Aman paddy, sugar cane and mulberry.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 17-19: Soil and cropping pattern, Land and land-use pattern | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>

Given below is an overview of the agricultural production (all data in tonnes) for Jangipur subdivision, other subdivisions and the Murshidabad district, with data for the year 2013-14.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad |work = Table 18.1. Data for subdivisions/ district calculated by totalling the CD Block data provided |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 26 June 2017 |url-status = usurped |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |archive-date = 29 July 2017 |df = dmy-all }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD Block/ Subdivision ||Rice||Wheat || Jute ||Pulses||Oil seeds||Potatoes||Sugarcane
|-
|[[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]]||2,113||1,982||31,799||2,743||837||5,140||25,824
|-
|[[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]]||346||221||25,898||329||215||2,424||2,501
|-
|[[Suti I]]||3,091||122||16,314||273||2,449||3,796||1,359
|-
|[[Suti II]]||2,716||7,018||65,418||5,479||1,089||11,700|| -
|-
|[[Raghunathganj I]]||12,371||9,326||18,842||179||131||2,752|| -
|-
|[[Raghunathganj II]]||31,996||2,875||32,052||185||664||830||160
|-
|[[Sagardighi (community development block)|Sagardighi]]||154,839||23,717||17,102||186||6,990||11,555|| -
|-
|'''Jangipur subdivision'''||207,472||45,261||207,425||9,374||12,375||38,197||52,344
|-
|[[Barhampur subdivision]]||268,587||109,091||914,791||5,758||35,315||39,914||160,221
|-
|[[Kandi subdivision]]||487,207||4,157||6,186||4,818||9,355||85,886||106,646
|-
|[[Lalbag subdivision]]||68,034||20,304||427,450||7,809||22,592||40,997||3,295
|-
|[[Domkol subdivision]]||80,899||109,518||730,393||16,755||33,410||117,082||25,023
|-
|[[Murshidabad district]]||1,112,199||288,331||2,286,245||44,514||113,047||322.076||347,529
|-
|}

==Education==
Murshidabad district had a literacy rate of 66.59% (for population of 7 years and above) as per the census of India 2011. Barhampur subdivision had a literacy rate of 72.60%, Kandi subdivision 66.28%, Jangipur subdivision 60.95%, Lalbag subdivision 68.00% and Domkal subdivision 68.35%.<ref name=2handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Basic data: Table 4.4, 4.5, Clarifications: other related tables | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 10 September 2017 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | archive-date = 29 July 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

Given in the table below (data in numbers) is a comprehensive picture of the education scenario in Murshidabad district for the year 2013-14:<ref name=2handbook2014/>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt"
|-
!width="110" rowspan="2"| Subdivision
!colspan="2"|Primary School
!colspan="2"|Middle School
!colspan="2"|High School
!colspan="2"|Higher Secondary School
!colspan="2"|General College, Univ
!colspan="2"|Technical / Professional Instt
!colspan="2"|Non-formal Education
|-
!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student 
|-
|align=left|[[Barhampur subdivision|Barhampur]]
|align="center"|728
|align="center"|88,371
|align="center"|107
|align="center"|13,364
|align="center"|37
|align="center"|31,214
|align="center"|92
|align="center"|162,613
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|17,418
|align="center"|11
|align="center"|2,796
|align="center"|2,278
|align="center"|100,164
|-
|align=left|[[Kandi subdivision|Kandi]]
|align="center"|672
|align="center"|66,030
|align="center"|105
|align="center"|11,248
|align="center"|46
|align="center"|32,752
|align="center"|61
|align="center"|87,482
|align="center"|5
|align="center"|7,830
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|400
|align="center"|1,717
|align="center"|74,370
|-
|align=left|Jangipur
|align="center"|747
|align="center"|144,416
|align="center"|72
|align="center"|14,159
|align="center"|25
|align="center"|30,004
|align="center"|76
|align="center"|194,025
|align="center"|5
|align="center"|15,335
|align="center"|5
|align="center"|500
|align="center"|2,793
|align="center"|160,236
|-
|align=left|[[Lalbag subdivision|Lalbag]]
|align="center"|601
|align="center"|72,429
|align="center"|74
|align="center"|8,997
|align="center"|24
|align="center"|22,174
|align="center"|66
|align="center"|120,454
|align="center"|5
|align="center"|13,088
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|759
|align="center"|2,082
|align="center"|93,891
|-
|align=left|[[Domkol subdivision|Domkol]]
|align="center"|432
|align="center"|52,177
|align="center"|73
|align="center"|11,791
|align="center"|22
|align="center"|23,201
|align="center"|47
|align="center"|86,672
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|7,211
|align="center"|11
|align="center"|2,457
|align="center"|1,612
|align="center"|74,330
|-
|align=left|[[Murshidabad district]]
|align="center"|3,180
|align="center"|423,423
|align="center"|431
|align="center"|59,559
|align="center"|154
|align="center"|139,345
|align="center"|342
|align="center"|651,246
|align="center"|25
|align="center"|60,882
|align="center"|37
|align="center"|6,912
|align="center"|10,482
|align="center"|502,991
|-
|}

Note: Primary schools include junior basic schools; middle schools, high schools and higher secondary schools include madrasahs; technical schools include junior technical schools, junior government polytechnics, industrial technical institutes, industrial training centres, nursing training institutes etc.; technical and professional colleges include engineering colleges, medical colleges, para-medical institutes, management colleges, teachers training and nursing training colleges, law colleges, art colleges, music colleges etc. Special and non-formal education centres include sishu siksha kendras, madhyamik siksha kendras, centres of Rabindra mukta vidyalaya, recognised Sanskrit tols, institutions for the blind and other handicapped persons, Anganwadi centres, reformatory schools etc.<ref name=2handbook2014/>

The following institutions are located in Jangipur subdivision:
*The Murshidabad Centre of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] was established at Village & PO Jangipur Barrage, PS [[Suti]] in 2010. It started classes for the 2-years Master of Business Administration (MBA) and the 5-years BA LLB programmes in 2011. It started B.Ed. in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.amu.ac.in/murshidabad/ | title = AMU Murshidabad Centre, West Bengal | publisher = AMU |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.lawgurukul.com/college/faculty-of-law-aligarh-muslim-university-murshidabad-west-bengal/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161101022558/http://www.lawgurukul.com/college/faculty-of-law-aligarh-muslim-university-murshidabad-west-bengal/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = 1 November 2016 | title = Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University – Murshidabad, West Bengal | publisher = Gurukul India | access-date = 12 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://updates.highereducationinindia.com/2011/amu-begins-classes-at-murshidabad-campus-6064.php | title = AMU begins classes at Murshidabad Campus | publisher = Higher Education in India.com |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.shiksha.com/law/course/b-a-l-l-b-murshidabad-aligarh-muslim-university-216095 | title = B.A. L.L.B. - Murshidabad | publisher = Shiksha |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>
*Management Development Institute, Murshidabad, was established at Sakim Katnai, Kutori, PO Uttar Ramna, PS [[Raghunathganj]]. MDI, Murshidabad campus was inaugurated by [[Pranab Mukherjee]], President of India, in 2014. It offers a residential post-graduate programme in management.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mdim.ac.in/post-graduate-program-in-management/ | title = Management Development Institute, Murshidabad | publisher = MDIM | access-date = 12 September 2017 | archive-date = 16 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170916140723/http://www.mdim.ac.in/post-graduate-program-in-management/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*[[Jangipur College]] was established in 1950 at [[Jangipur (WB)|Jangipur]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jangipurcollege.in/ | title = Jangipur College | publisher = JC |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>
*[[Prof. Sayed Nurul Hasan College]] was established in 1994 at [[Farakka]], It is named after [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]], historian and former governor of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://profsnhcollegefarakka.in/index | title = Prof. Syed Nurul Hasan College | publisher = Prof SNHC | access-date = 12 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170915160410/http://profsnhcollegefarakka.in/index | archive-date = 15 September 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*[[Nur Mohammad Smriti Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 2008 at [[Dhulian]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nurmohammadsmritimahavidyalaya.com/ | title = Nur Mohammad Smriti Mahavidyalaya | publisher =NMSM |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/NurMohammadSmritiMahavidyalaya/NurMohammadSmritiMahavidyalaya.shtml | title = Nur Mohammad Smriti Mahavidyalaya | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>
*[[Dukhulal Nibaran Chandra College]] was established in 1967 at [[Aurangabad, West Bengal|Aurangabad]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/DukhulalNibaranChandraCollege/Dukhulal_Nibaran_Chandra_College.shtml#! | title = Dukhulal Nibaran Chandra College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.collegedekho.com/colleges/dukhulal-nibaran-chandra-college | title = Dukhulal Nibaran Chandra College | publisher = College Dekho |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>
*[[Sagardighi Kamada Kinkar Smriti Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 2008 at [[Sagardighi, Murshidabad|Sagardighi]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.examdrive.in/2017/02/sagardighi-kks-mahavidyalaya-admission-merit-list.html | title = Sagardighi Kamada Kinkar Smriti Mahavidyalaya | publisher = Exam Drive | access-date = 12 September 2017 | archive-date = 30 November 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221130202130/https://www.examdrive.in/2017/02/sagardighi-kks-mahavidyalaya-admission-merit-list.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*Sagardighi Teachers’ Training College was established at [[Manigram]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/SagardighiTeachersTrainingCollege/SagardighiTeachersTrainingCollege.shtml | title = Sagaradighi Teachers' Training College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 3 September 2017}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the medical facilities available and patients treated in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in 2014 in Murshidabad district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Table 3.1, 3.3 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 20 June 2017 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | archive-date = 29 July 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt"
|-
!width="110" rowspan="2"| Subdivision
!width="160" colspan="4" rowspan="1"| Health & Family Welfare Deptt, WB

!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Other State Govt Deptts
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Local bodies
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Central Govt Deptts / PSUs
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|NGO / Private Nursing Homes
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total Number of Beds
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total Number of Doctors*
!widthspan="130" rowspan="2"|Indoor Patients
!widthspan="130" rowspan="2"|Outdoor Patients
|-
!width="40"|Hospitals 
!width="40"|Rural Hospitals 
!width="40"|Block Primary Health Centres 
!width="40"|Primary Health Centres 
|-
|align=left|[[Barhampur subdivision|Barhampur]]
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|4
|align="center"|15
|align="center"| 3
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"|45
|align="center"|71
|align="center"|1,645
|align="center"|282
|align="center"|149,393
|align="center"|2,094,027
|-
|align=left|[[Kandi subdivision|Kandi]]
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|17
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|6
|align="center"|30
|align="center"|567
|align="center"|68
|align="center"|85,624
|align="center"|1,005,056
|-
|align=left|Jangipur
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|6
|align="center"|15
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"| 2
|align="center"|12
|align="center"|37
|align="center"|590
|align="center"|62
|align="center"|141,427
|align="center"|1,043,548
|-
|align=left|[[Lalbag subdivision|Lalbag]]
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|14
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|23
|align="center"|45
|align="center"|483
|align="center"|65
|align="center"|105,562
|align="center"|1,154,275
|-
|align=left|[[Domkol subdivision|Domkol]]
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|9
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|19
|align="center"|33
|align="center"|252
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|45,110
|align="center"|802,309
|-
|align=left|[[Murshidabad district]]
|align="center"|6
|align="center"|9
|align="center"|18
|align="center"|70
|align="center"|4
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|105
|align="center"|216
|align="center"|2,537
|align="center"|521
|align="center"|527,116
|align="center"|6,099,215
|-
|}
.* Excluding nursing homes

Medical facilities in Jangipur subdivision are as follows:

'''Hospitals''': (Name, location, beds)<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 18 September 2017 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref> 
Jangipur Subdivisional Hospital, [[Jangipur (WB)|Jangipur]], 250 beds 
Central Hospital for Beedi Workers, Malancha, Samserganj CD Block, 50 beds 
Farakka Barrage Hospital, [[Farakka]], 50 beds

'''Rural Hospitals''': (Name, block, location, beds)<ref name=medical/> 
Sagardighi Rural Hospital, Sagardighi CD Block, [[Sagardighi, Murshidabad|Sagardighi]], 30 beds 
Anupnagar Rural Hospital, Samseganj CD Block, [[Dhulian]], 30 beds 
Mahesail Rural Hospital, Suti II CD Block, [[Mahesail]], Parulia via [[Aurangabad, West Bengal|Auragabad]], 30 beds

'''Block Primary Health Centres''': (Name, block, location, beds)<ref name=medical/> 
Farakka BPHC, Farakka CD Block, [[Farakka]], 10 beds 
Ahiran BPHC, Suti I CD Block, [[Ahiran]], 15 beds 
Rajnagar BPHC, Raghunathganj I CD Block, Rajnagar, 6 beds 
Teghari BPHC, Raghunathganj II CD Block, Teghari, 10 beds

'''Primary Health Centres''': (CD Block-wise)(CD Block, PHC location, beds)<ref name=medical/> 
Sagardighi CD Block: Monigram (10), Singeswari-Gouripur (6), Suryapur, Dhanparganj (4) 
Farakka CD Block: Benipur (working as BPHC) (15), Arjunpur (10), Kendua, [[Srimantapur]] (2) 
Samserganj CD Block: Putimari (2), [[Uttar Mahammadpur]] (10) 
Suti I CD Block: Bahutali (10), Hilora (10) 
Suti II CD Block: [[Aurangabad, West Bengal|Aurangabad]], [[Dafahat]] (10), Baje Gajipur, Kassimnagar (6) 
Raghunathganj I CD Block: Barla (10), Gankar (2) 
Raghunathganj II CD Block: Mohammadpur, Adikantapur (10)

==Electoral constituencies==
[[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) and [[Vidhan Sabha]] (state assembly) constituencies in Jangipur subdivision were as follows:<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18, 15 February 2006 | access-date= 9 September 2017|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lok Sabha constituency ||Reservation||Vidhan Sabha constituency ||Reservation||CD Block and/or Gram panchayats and/or municipal areas
|-
|[[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]]||None||[[Suti (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Suti]]||None||[[Suti II]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and [[Bahutali]], [[Harua]] and [[Sadikpur, Murshidabad|Sadikpur]] [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Suti I]] CD Block
|-
| || ||[[Jangipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Jangipur]]||None||[[Jangipur (WB)|Jangipur]] municipality, [[Raghunathganj I (community development block)|Raghunathganj I]] CD Block and [[Ahiran]] and [[Bansabati]] GPs of [[Suti I]] CD Block
|-
| || ||[[Raghunathganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raghunathganj]]||None||[[Raghunathganj II]] CD Block, [[Nurpur, Murshidabad|Nurpur]] GP of [[Suti I]] CD Block and Maiya GP of [[Lalgola (Community development block)|Lalgola]] CD Block
|-
| || ||[[Sagardighi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sagardighi]]||None||[[Sagardighi (community development block)|Sagardighi]] CD Block
|-
| || ||[[Lalgola (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lalgola]] in [[Lalbag subdivision]]||None||Airmari Krishnapur, Bahadurpur, Bilbora Kopra, Dewansarai, Jasaitala, Kalmegha, Lalgola, Manikchak, Nashipur, Paikpara and Ramchandrapur GPs of [[Lalgola (community development block)|Lalgola]] CD Block and Kantanagar GP of [[Bhagawangola I]] CD Block
|-
| || ||[[Nabagram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nabagram]] in [[Lalbag subdivision]]||Reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|SC]]||[[Nabagram (community development block)|Nabagram]] CD Block, and Niyallishpara Goaljan, Radharghat I, Radharghat II and Sahajadpur GPs of [[Berhampore (community development block)|Berhampore]] CD Block
|-
| || ||[[Khargram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khargram]] in [[Kandi subdivision]]||Reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|SC]]|| [[Khargram (community development block)|Khargram]] CD Block, and Kalyanpur I and Kalyanpur II GPs of [[Burwan (community development block)|Burwan]] CD Block
|-
|[[Maldaha Dakshin]]||None||[[Farakka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Farakka]]||None||[[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]] Block, and Gajinagar Malancha and Kanchantala GPs of [[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]] CD Block
|-
| || ||[[Samserganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Samserganj]]||None||[[Dhulian]] municipality and Bhasaipaikar, Bogdadnagar, Chachanda, Dogachhi, Napara, Nimtita, Pratapganj and Tinpukuria GPs of [[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]] CD Block
|-
| || ||5 assembly segments in Malda district|| ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Murshidabad District}}
{{Murshidabad topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jangipur Subdivision}}
[[Category:Subdivisions of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Subdivisions in Murshidabad district]]

Bivas Sardar

2026-01-02T20:07:27Z

AlberthaPickard: Structure improved and content revised

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bivas Sardar (Vobo)
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2 May 2021
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Baruipur Purba]]
| predecessor = Nirmal Mondal
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| residence = [[South 24 Parganas district]], [[West Bengal]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
''' Bivas Sardar ''' is also known as Vobo. He is an Indian politician member of [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Bivas Sardar (Vobo) Election Affidavit|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|url= https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/MzQxMQ==/MTY=/MTA=/Mw==/QUM= |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal Assembly Election Candidate Bivas Sardar (Vobo)|work=[[NDTV]]|url= https://www.ndtv.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-candidates-list-2021/bivas-sardar-vobo--25137-3 |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> He is an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]],<ref>{{Cite web|title= Bivas Sardar (Vobo) is a TMC candidate from Basirhat Dakshin|work=[[News18]]|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/west-bengal/bivas-sardar-(vobo)-baruipur-purba-(sc)-candidate-s25a137c002/ |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> elected from the [[Baruipur Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baruipur Purba]] constituency in the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Baruipur Purba, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021|work=[[India Today]]|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/baruipur-purba-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797217-2021-05-02 |access-date= 8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Baruipur Purba Assembly Election Result 2021|work=[[ABP Live]]|url= https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-baruipur-purba-constituency-137.html?noHeader=true |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sardar, Bivas}}
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Taragarh Fort, Bundi

2025-11-26T17:01:09Z

AlberthaPickard: done

{{Short description|Fort and palace in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Taragarh Fort
| image = File: Garh Palace and Taragarh Fort, Bundi 2011-12-26 EK II.jpg
| partof = Rajasthan
| location = [[Bundi]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| map_type = Rajasthan
| map_size = 250
| map_caption = India
| type = [[Fort]] and [[Palace]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.452|N|75.637|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| built = 1354
| builder = Rao Deva Hada
| condition = Good
| open_to_public = Yes
}}

'''Taragarh Fort''' is a fort located in [[Bundi]], Rajasthan, India. Located high on a hill of [[Aravalli Range|aravalli]] mountain range, it is the principal tourist attraction in Bundi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=These Rajasthan hill forts are perfect for a winter break |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/these-rajasthan-hill-forts-are-perfect-for-a-winter-break/photostory/104889300.cms?picid=104889677 |access-date=2024-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The fort was built here on a steep hill at a height of 1426 feet. Many tunnels were made in it to exit the fort during the battle. These tunnels are visible at many places in the mountains.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Adhikari |first=Shona |date=2019-02-09 |title=The exquisite frescos of Bundi |url=https://www.asianage.com/life/art/090219/the-exquisite-frescos-of-bundi.html |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=This fort is full of secret tunnels, the way in and out of them is still a mystery. |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/raj-ajm-omc-taragarh-fort-of-bundi-and-his-tunnels-5229023-pho.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Masarrath Ali |title=Bundi beckons |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/lifestyle/travel/bundi-beckons-697563.html |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

Taragarh Fort is a great example of [[Rajput architecture]]. Some of its buildings and work have influence of [[Mughal architecture]]. The palace was the residence of the [[Hada Chauhan]] [[Rajput]] [[Maharaja]]s and their families.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Pant">{{Cite web |last=Pant |first=Deeptangan |date=2015-10-10 |title='Work of Goblins' in Hillside Ruins |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/travel/2015/Oct/10/work-of-goblins-in-hillside-ruins-827577.html |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Taragarh Fort is situated on a forested hill of [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli]] mountain range in the city of Bundi, about 215 kilometres from [[Jaipur]] city, the capital of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-11 |title=Travel Articles {{!}} Travel Blogs {{!}} Travel News & Information {{!}} Travel Guide {{!}} India.comTop Attractions to See in The Historic Town of Bundi {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/top-attractions-to-see-in-the-historic-town-of-bundi-3717778/ |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=shivam |date=2020-08-23 |title=Taragarh Fort, Bundi Rajasthan full information |url=https://mediahindustan.com/hindi/taragarh-fort-bundi-rajasthan-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE/ |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Media Hindustan |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
Rao Deva Hada commissioned the fort in 1298 AD and Rao Raja Bar Singh Hada built it in 1354 AD.<ref name=":2"/> Successive rulers added their rooms to the palace, over the next 200 years, making it into one large palace with suites and rooms added at different levels on the hillside. What is interesting is that unlike other palaces in Rajasthan, there is very little Mughal influence in its architecture and the Fort represents a rare example of Rajput style - pavilions and kiosks with curved roofs, temple columns with carved brackets, covered with elephants and flowers.<ref name="Pant"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=बेहद ही खास है राजस्थान का ये शहर, प्रकृति के साथ-साथ देखने को मिलती है ऐतिहासिक जगहों की भी खूबसूरती |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/travel/weekend-getaways/places-to-visit-in-bundi-in-hindi/articleshow/87187284.cms |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

Even more interesting is the fact that instead of the sandstone used in building most Rajput palaces, the palace at Taragarh was built with a special green-tinged stone, quarried locally in Bundi. Since this was a very hard type of stone, instead of resorting to fine carving the Bundi rulers decided to cover their walls and ceilings with splendid paintings.<ref name=":0"/>

== Architecture ==
The Palace is divided into five separate but main sections each with its own entry gate and courtyard. Which are as follows -
=== Hathia Pol ===
[[File:Garh Palace Bundi 01.jpg|thumb|100x100px|Hathi pol]]
The main entry is through the Hathia Pol or Hathi Pol (Elephant Gate) which leads to the first main courtyard.

=== Ratan Daulat ===
[[File:Bundi-Garh Palace-Diwan I Am-Stables-20131015.jpg|thumb|100x100px|Ratan Daulat]]
This is the place Ratan Daulat or Diwan-e-Aam (hall of public audience). It consists of an impressive wide hall and has fine arrangements for keeping torches in its walls. There is also a marble throne of the [[Hada Chauhan|Hada]] kings.<ref name=":0" />
=== Chattar Mahal ===
[[File:Bundi-Garh Palace-Diwan I Khas-02-Antechamber courtyard-20131015.jpg|thumb|100x100px|Chattar Mahal ]]A small door from Ratan Daulat admitted us into Chattar Mahal, built by Rao Chhatrasal Singh (1631–1658). Hathiya Sal Palace has elephant-capitalized columns and above it is Zenana Mahal (women's palace), decorated with paintings showing a variety of murals built by.
=== Badal Mahal ===
[[File:Garh Palace Bundi 12.jpg|thumb|100x100px|Badal Mahal]]There is Badal Mahal (Palace of Clouds), right above Zenana Mahal. The Badal Mahal, built at the highest point in the fort, also has a fine collection of paintings on its walls. It is said that during the monsoons, the rain clouds were known to float through the courtyards of the palace. The palace is said to have been built by Rao Bhoj.<ref name=":2" />

=== Chitrashala ===
[[File:Bundi-Garh Palace-Chitrasala GVN-20131015.jpg|thumb|100x100px|Chitrashala]]
The display of Bundi murals is in Chitrashala (in Ummed Mahal). The murals depict a variety of themes such as ragamala paintings, love stories and court processions; and they are influenced by Mughal and Mewar styles.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Pant" />

== Bhim Burj ==
[[File:Bundi fort (4180260008).jpg|thumb|100x100px|View of Bhim Burj]]
Going up the hill from this fort, there is a huge tower which is called ''Bhim Burj''. Where weapons were kept. A [[cannon]] is also kept here whose name is ''Garbh Gunjan'' (Thunder from the Womb).It is said that when this cannon was fired, its terrible roar would create a stir in anyone's stomach.This cannon was used several times in the sixteenth century.<ref>{{Cite news |title=खूफिया सुरंगों से भरा है ये किला, आज भी रहस्य है इनमें आने-जाने का रास्ता |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/raj-ajm-omc-taragarh-fort-of-bundi-and-his-tunnels-5229023-pho.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-31 |title=Bundi fort history in Hindi |url=https://www.patrika.com/bundi-news/kissa-kile-ka-bundi-fort-history-in-hindi-3184868/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |language=hi}}</ref>

== Water reservoirs ==
[[File:Bundi Fort - Rajasthan 41.jpg|thumb|100x100px|A water Reservoir ]]
There are three ponds of drinking water in the fort. The construction of ponds is an example of excellent and sophisticated engineering. Rain water was stored in reservoirs and made available to people in times of need. Due to the presence of rocks at the base of the reservoirs, water remained accumulated here throughout the year.<ref name=":1" />

== In popular culture ==
A popular TV serial named [[Ek Shringaar – Swabhiman|Ek Shringar - Swabhiman]] was shot in the Taragarh Fort.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-18 |title=Jaipur and Bundi on new TV show set in Rajasthan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jaipur-and-bundi-on-new-tv-show-set-in-rajasthan/articleshow/55477908.cms |access-date=2024-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Jait Sagar Lake]]
* [[Nawal Sagar Lake|Nawal Sagar lake]]
* [[Dobra Mahadev Temple]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Forts in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Bundi State]]

Arachalur Musical Inscription

2025-11-25T07:22:25Z

AlberthaPickard: created stub

{{Short description|Historical Site}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Arachalur Rock-cut Musical Inscription
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]]
| image =
|map_type=India Tamil Nadu
| alt =
| caption =
| location = Nagamalai, [[Arachalur]], [[Erode]], Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.173|77.7|format=dms|display=it}}
| completed = 2nd century AD
}}
'''Arachalur Rock-cut Cave Musical Inscription''', also known as '''Arachalur Isai Kalvettu''' is a rock cut historical site of musical inscriptions at the south of Nagamalai hill in [[Arachalur]] Reserve Forest near [[Erode]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TN Archaeology - Arachalur|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/sites/default/files/Arachalur-Agreement.pdf|access-date=2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil Navigation|date=21 November 2020 |url=https://tamilnavigation.in/2020/11/21/arachalur-1800-year-old-music-inscriptions/|access-date=2021-06-27}}</ref>

==The Inscriptions==
There are three 2nd century CE [[Jain]] inscriptions in Arachalur, which Dr. S. Raju discovered. On a Jain bed in the Arachalur hills, is an inscription — ‘ezhuthum punaruthan maniya vannakkan devan sathan.’ The word ‘punaruthan’ is an alteration of punarthan, which means organised.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-influence-of-jainism-in-kongu-nadu/article19845654.ece|title=On how Kongu Nadu was a Jain bastion|last=Krishnamachari|first=Suganthy|date=2017-10-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023080330/https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-influence-of-jainism-in-kongu-nadu/article19845654.ece|archive-date=2019-10-23|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
The other two inscriptions have musical syllables, which are the same when read from left to right, and vice versa; they are also the same when read from the top of a column to the bottom and vice versa. These two inscriptions show that 'Maniyan Vannakkan Devan Sathan' organised musical syllables.<ref>{{Cite web|title=11°10'19.6"N 77°41'28.7"E|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/11%C2%B010%2719.6%22N+77%C2%B041%2728.7%22E/@11.1721,77.691297,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d11.1721!4d77.691297?shorturl=1|access-date=2020-11-05|website=11°10'19.6"N 77°41'28.7"E|language=en}}</ref> "This inscription, which belongs to the same period as Silappadikaram, is centuries older than the 'Kudumiyamalai inscriptions' on music, and yet the Arachalur inscription hardly draws visitors," rues Dr.S. Raju.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=ஈரோடு இசை கல்வெட்டு {{!}} Erode Music inscription {{!}} Tamilnavigation - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fid0cqXTveI&feature=youtu.be|access-date=2020-11-05|website=www.youtube.com| date=2 November 2020 }}</ref>

==Location==
[[File:Digital Image of The Arachalur 400CE Musical Notations Inscription 04.png|alt=Digital images obtained by 3D scanning of the three 3-4th century Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions at Arachalur|thumb|440x440px|Digital images obtained by 3D scanning of the three 3-4th century Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions at Arachalur]]
[[File:Digital Image of The Arachalur 400CE Musical Notations Inscription 02.png|thumb|440x440px|Digital image obtained by 3D scanning of the 3-4th century Tamil-Brahmi "musical" inscription]]
[[File:Digital Image of The Arachalur 400CE Musical Notations Inscription 06.png|thumb|440x440px|Digital image obtained by 3D scanning of the 3-4th century Tamil-Brahmi Arachalur Tevan Cattan inscription]]
The site is located on the Erode-Palani [[State Highway 83A (Tamil Nadu)|State Highway-83A]] about 20 km from [[Erode Central Bus Terminus]] and 18 km from [[Erode Junction railway station]].

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Jain history}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2nd-century inscriptions]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Jain rock-cut architecture]]
[[Category:Erode district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions around Erode]]
[[Category:Music history of India]]

Vijayapura district

2025-11-20T21:19:46Z

AlberthaPickard: added info

#REDIRECT [[Bijapur district, Karnataka]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from alternative name}}
{{R from move}}
}}

Happy Anniversary (unreleased Hindi film)

2025-11-18T07:23:24Z

AlberthaPickard: creating a details more to come

{{Short description|Film directed by Prahlad Kakkar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Happy Anniversary
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Prahlad Kakkar]]
| producer = Gaurang Doshi Viki Rajani Sunil Lulla
| writer = [[Mast Ali]] [[Prahlad Kakkar]]
| starring = [[Sunny Deol]] [[Jackie Shroff]] [[Ajay Devgn]] [[Abhishek Bachchan]] [[Bobby Deol]] [[Sunil Shetty]] [[Sanjay Kapoor]] [[Arbaaz Khan]] [[Manisha Koirala]] [[Sushmita Sen]] [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] [[Rani Mukerji]] [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu Hashmi]] [[Zayed Khan]] [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] [[Shahid Kapoor]]
| music = Desi Crew
| cinematography = [[Sudeep Chatterjee]]
| editing = Vijay Mehra
| studio = [[Next Gen Films]] Doshi Productions
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released =
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''Happy Anniversary''' is a [[Bollywood]] comedy film produced by Gaurang Doshi and directed by [[Prahlad Kakkar]]. The film is a romantic drama which was to be released in 2016. The film has [[Abhishek Bachchan]] in lead playing [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai Bachchan's]] husband, deals with marital issues with [[Sunny Deol]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Bobby Deol]], [[Sunil Shetty]], [[Sanjay Kapoor]], [[Arbaaz Khan]], [[Manisha Koirala]], [[Sushmita Sen]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu Hashmi]], [[Zayed Khan]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] and [[Shahid Kapoor]] in lead roles. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sushmita-sen-to-join-aishwarya-raibachchan-in-happy-anniversary-hindi-news-105457.htm|title=Sushmita Sen to join Aishwarya Rai-Bachchan in 'Happy Anniversary'|website= IndiaGlitz.com|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/677733|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022182133/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/677733|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2013|title=Happy Anniversary Songs, Images, News, Videos & Photos|publisher= Bollywood Hungama|author= |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/aishwarya-rai-and-sushmita-sen-to-work-in-a-film-on-marital-issues-2014-06-10-1.552199|title=Aishwarya Rai and Sushmita Sen to work in a film on marital issues|author=|date=10 June 2014|publisher=}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Sunny Deol]]
* [[Jackie Shroff]]
* [[Ajay Devgn]]
* [[Abhishek Bachchan]]
* [[Bobby Deol]]
* [[Sunil Shetty]]
* [[Sanjay Kapoor]]
* [[Arbaaz Khan]]
* [[Manisha Koirala]]
* [[Sushmita Sen]]
* [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]]
* [[Rani Mukerji]]
* [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu Hashmi]]
* [[Zayed Khan]]
* [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]]
* [[Shahid Kapoor]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Unreleased Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2010s Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bickram Ghosh]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Suicide of Fathima Latheef

2025-11-13T17:32:38Z

AlberthaPickard:

{{Short description|Suicide of an Indian college student}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Fathima Latheef
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| native_name =
| other_names =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|2001|06|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kilikollur]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and given age|2019|11|09|18|df=y}}}}
| death_place = [[Guindy]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| resting_place = [[Kilikollur]], [[Kerala]], India
| education = [[Yara International School]] The Oxford School, Kollam
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]]
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
}}
'''Fathima Latheef''' (4 June 2001 – 9 November 2019) was an Indian teenager and a first-year post-graduate humanities student at [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] who had committed suicide in her hostel room on 9 November 2019. Her family and others had alleged that she ended her life because she had been discriminated against on the basis of her religion.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Krishna|first=Tarun|date=2020-01-15|title=IIT Madras report on Fathima Latheef suicide 'silent on religious discrimination'|url=https://theprint.in/india/iit-madras-report-on-fathima-latheef-suicide-silent-on-religious-discrimination/349723/|access-date=2021-02-13|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Staffer found dead in IIT Madras; suicide suspected|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/07/02/staffer-found-dead-in-iit-madras-suicide-suspected.html|access-date=2021-09-01|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> She had named three professors for her death.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Indian|first=The Logical|date=2019-11-14|title=IIT Madras Student Fathima Latheef Commits Suicide, Blames Professors For Religious Discrimination|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/news/iit-madras-suicide-fathima-latheef/|access-date=2021-09-01|website=thelogicalindian.com|language=en}}</ref> An enquiry by [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] is ongoing regarding the case.

== Background ==
Hailing from the Randamkutty locality<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-12|title=Kollam: Girl's relatives allege torture on IIT campus|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/121119/kollam-girls-relatives-allege-torture-on-iit-campus.html|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> in [[Kilikollur]], [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], Fathima was raised in [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] with her twin-sister Aysha<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-20|title=What Fathima's relatives say? A direct report from Kollam!|url=https://www.thenewstuff.in/what-fathimas-relatives-say-direct-report-kollam|access-date=2021-10-06|website=The New Stuff|language=en}}</ref> by her father Abdul and mother Sajitha.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Nov 10, 2019|title=Kollam girl found dead at IIT hostel {{!}} Kochi News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kollam-girl-found-dead-at-iit-hostel/articleshow/71988791.cms|access-date=2021-10-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> She attended [[Yara International School]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=ഫോണിൽ സംസാരിച്ചു, മണിക്കൂറുകൾക്കകം ഫാത്തിമപോയി; അധ്യാപകന്റെ കുറിപ്പ്|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2019/11/18/facebook-post-on-fathima-latheef.html|access-date=2021-10-06|website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-18|title=മരിക്കുന്നതിന് ഏതാനും മണിക്കൂറുകള്‍ക്ക് മുൻപ് ഫാത്തിമയെ ഫോണിൽ വിളിച്ചിരുന്നു; അധ്യാപകന്റെ കുറിപ്പ്|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/kerala/facebook-post-about-fathima-latheef-aa-174631.html|access-date=2021-12-16|website=News18 Malayalam|language=ml}}</ref> until 9th standard.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-18|title=Who pushed Fathima Lateef to suicide?|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/who-pushed-fathima-lateef-to-suicide-4716811.htm|access-date=2021-10-06|website=www.cnbctv18.com|language=en}}</ref> Upon returning to India in 2015,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-05|title=Fathima Latheef Suicide: CBI Probe Likely With More Questions, New Revelations|url=https://thelede.in/fathima-latheef-suicide-cbi-probe-likely-with-more-questions-new-revelations/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=The Lede|language=en-US}}</ref> she enrolled at The Oxford School in [[Umayanalloor]], attending for one year before pursuing higher education in a state-affiliated curriculum school.<ref name=":4" /> She enrolled as a first-year student of the humanities stream (a five-year integrated MA programme) offered at the Indian Institute of Technology in Madras, and was widely described as an intelligent and academically competent student.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-20|title=Fathima Latheef suicide: No prima facie evidence against professors, say Chennai cops|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/fathima-latheef-suicide-no-prima-facie-evidence-against-professors-say-chennai-cops-114415|access-date=2021-02-13|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-01|title=IIT-M student Fathima Latheef suicide case: Father to move Madras HC|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iit-m-student-fathima-latheef-suicide-case-father-move-madras-hc-115119|access-date=2021-02-13|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=TK|first=Smitha|date=2019-12-04|title=Amit Shah Assures Fathima Latheef's Father of CBI Probe at IIT-M|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/fathima-latheef-suicide-forensic-reports-confirm-suicide-note-iit-madras-student|access-date=2021-02-13|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> Fathima had also been accepted to Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi after winning the Humanities entrance exam, though her mother, reluctant to send her due to news of [[mob lynching]]s in the [[North India|northern states]], persuaded on her daughter into accepting IIT Madras's offer. Fathima began her studies at the institute on July 29, 2019. Her parents reported that she felt the IIT campus atmosphere was oppressive.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Rajasekaran|first=Ilangovan|title=Death on IIT-M campus|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/education/article30148757.ece|access-date=2021-09-01|website=Frontline|language=en}}</ref>

== Suicide ==
Fathima was discovered hanging from the ceiling of her hostel room around noon on November 9, 2019 by the hostel warden. According to the authorities, she was alleged to have attempted suicide the night before. Around 11 a.m. on November 9, IIT administration notified her family of her death. The body was taken to the [[Royapettah]] Government Hospital for a post-mortem and a charge of unnatural death was filed with the [[Chennai city police|Chennai City Police]] ([[Kotturpuram]]).<ref name=":2" />

According to the students, Fathima's hostel mates received a phone call from her family about 11.30 a.m., stating that she had been inaccessible on her phone since the morning. According to the students, the chief of wardens and the head of the humanities department helped the warden in dispersing students gathered at the hostel. In the absence of the police or any witnesses, students at the scene claimed that staff members investigated Fathima's room, which had become a crime scene by that time.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-10|title=In Fathima Latheef's Suicide, IIT Madras Students See A Tragic Pattern|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/iit-madras-fathima-lateef-dealing-with-suicide-flawed_in_5deda959e4b07f6835b500bd|access-date=2021-09-01|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref>

== Communal discrimination ==
Two days before her death, she told her father, who was working in Saudi Arabia at the time, through video chat that her name revealed her Muslim origin, which her mother was worried about.<ref name=":2" /> Her father alleged immediately after his daughter's death that he had evidence to prove that Fathima was being harassed by some professors in the department of Humanities and Social Sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Highly Disappointed" With CBI Probe: Father Of IIT Madras Student|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/father-of-iit-madras-student-who-committed-suicide-highly-disappointed-with-cbi-probe-2153422|access-date=2021-09-01|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> He refused believe her suicide was due to academic pressure.<ref name=":2" />
{{Blockquote|text=''My name itself is the problem, vappichi''|author=Fathima Latheef to her family|source=<ref name=":2" />}}
Her father said that Fathima had previously talked openly about being harassed by the professor she had blamed in her notes, calling him a "bad guy" and being tangibly scared about attending his classes; this fear was so great that she wasn't able to get her mark sheet from him, having her friend get it for her instead. Latheef further claimed that he suspected the professor was discriminating against Fathima because she had continuously excelled in all of her classes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-16|title=IIT-M never got in touch after my daughter's death, Fathima Latheef's father alleges|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iit-m-never-got-touch-after-my-daughter-s-death-fathima-latheef-s-father-alleges-112410|access-date=2021-09-01|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>

Three days after the incident, her father demanded a fair probe into the incident, alleging that harassment and caste discrimination by the professors pushed his daughter to take the extreme step. He also stated that they had retrieved a suicide note from Fathima's phone, where she allegedly blamed three professors from her department for her death.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=TK|first=Smitha|date=2019-11-13|title=Amid Protests, Central Crime Branch Takes Over IIT-M Suicide Case|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/father-fathima-latheef-suicide-iit-madras-harassment-caste-professors-friends|access-date=2021-02-13|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> Her family members also alleged that she had faced communal discrimination from some teachers and students on the campus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fathima Latheef suicide: Victim's father to move High Court for internal probe in IIT-Madras|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/nov/27/fathima-latheef-suicide-victims-father-to-move-high-court-for-internal-probe-in-iit-madras-2067637.html|access-date=2021-09-01|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Inquiry ==
There were rumours that Fathima had scored low marks in a certain subject and was thus upset. Apparently, Fathima had scored 13 out of 20 marks in an Internal Assessment in Logic but believed she deserved more. She had approached the Head of the department for a review. The professor reviewed it and sent the paper back the professor she had name on her phone, who had evaluated the paper. She was the topper in the paper; the student in second place in the test had scored 11 marks and the one in third place had scored 9. The professor had apparently asked Fathima to meet him on Monday, 11 November, but Fathima was found dead in her hostel room on Saturday. The family suspects something happened which had impacted Fathima drastically.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TK|first=Smitha|title=IIT-M Suicide: Is Second Alleged Suicide Note Fake?|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/fathima-latheef-iit-madras-suicide-note-hemachandran-milind-fake-sudharshan-real|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-13|website=TheQuint|date=17 November 2019|language=en}}</ref>

=== Suicide note ===
When her twin sister Aysha had gone to the Kotturpuram Police Station, she found Fathima's phone on the table. Upon charging the phone, she noticed there was no lock, and the aforementioned text was her home screen. This screenshot blamed Professor Sudharshan Padmanabhan for Fathima's actions, and was widely circulated on social media as the alleged suicide note. Another note, purported to have been written by her, was also circulated, which blames two other professors.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TK|first=Smitha|date=2019-11-17|title=IIT-M Suicide: Is Second Alleged Suicide Note Fake?|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/fathima-latheef-iit-madras-suicide-note-hemachandran-milind-fake-sudharshan-real|archive-url=|archive-date=|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> A suicide note on her mobile phone and tablet claimed the three professors had harassed her.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-19|title=Chennai: Cops question three professors named in Fathima Latheef suicide note|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/191119/chennai-cops-question-three-professors-named-in-fathima-latheef-suici.html|access-date=2021-09-01|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=''Sudarshan Padmanabhan is the cause of my death. P.S. Check Samsung notes.''|author=Text of a screenshot Abdul Latheef shared with media.|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/religion-bias-cry-after-iit-suicide/cid/1719602|title=Religion bias cry after IIT suicide}}</ref>}}

The Forensic Department confirmed the authenticity of the suicide note and other notes typed by Fathima. It was confirmed that Fathima had written the notes before she killed herself and that they were not edited by anybody else.<ref name=":0" />

=== Central Crime Branch ===
In November 2019, The Central Crime Branch in Chennai concluded that there was no evidence against the professors alleged to have instigated her to take her life.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-20|title=Fathima Latheef suicide: No prima facie evidence against professors, say Chennai cops|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/fathima-latheef-suicide-no-prima-facie-evidence-against-professors-say-chennai-cops-114415|access-date=2021-09-01|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>

=== Central Bureau of Investigation ===
Fathima's family and a delegation of MPs visited Union Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] and delivered over a memorandum signed by 41 MPs demanding a fair investigation. The case was forwarded to the CBI in November 2020. Her family raised several allegations following her death, citing the fact that the screensaver on her phone and notes saved on it had named the people responsible for her death. However, with the [[Kotturpuram]] police insisting that no suicide note had been found, her father claimed that the Tamil Nadu police were attempting to sabotage the inquiry.<ref>{{Cite news |author= |date=2020-11-08 |title=No progress in CBI probe into Fathima's death, say parents |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/no-progress-in-cbi-probe-into-fathimas-death-say-parents/article33052599.ece |access-date=2021-09-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

After the first round of police investigation wherein it was stated that there was no evidence against the Professors, the matter was shifted to the Central Crime Branch. The Central Crime Branch came to a conclusion that there was no evidence against the Professors or the other students named. This conclusion was reportedly arrived at after interviewing over 100 people including the 19-year-old's friends, family and IIT staff. Despite this report however, investigation in the case will continue as the CBI had taken over the case.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-12-20 |title=Fathima Latheef suicide: No prima facie evidence against professors, say Chennai cops |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/fathima-latheef-suicide-no-prima-facie-evidence-against-professors-say-chennai-cops-114415 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

The CBI has registered a [[First information report|First Information Report (FIR)]] based on the FIR registered by the [[Tamil Nadu Police|Tamil Nadu police]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Indo-Asian News Service|title=CBI takes over IIT Madras student Fathima Latheef's suicide case|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cbi-tamil-nadu-iit-madras-student-fathima-latheef-suicide-case-1632808-2019-12-31|access-date=2021-09-01|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

The CBI also concluded that there is no evidence against Professor Sudarsan Padmanabhan or the other two professors at IIT Madras. The [[Central Bureau of Investigation|Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)]] has filed a final report closing the investigation into the death of 19-year-old Fathima Latheef at IIT-Madras hostel, concluding that it was a case of death by suicide due to homesickness and recording that the student had psychological issues, said sources.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sujatha |first=R. Sivaraman & R. |date=2022-02-17 |title=CBI concludes probe into IIT-M student's death’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/cbi-concludes-probe-into-death-of-iit-m-student-fathima/article65059471.ece |access-date=2024-05-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Reaction ==
The students of [[Delhi University]] issued a statement demanding justice for Latheef and condemned the alleged caste and religious discrimination.<ref name=":1" />

[[M. K. Stalin|MK Stalin]] demanded a time-bound, fair, transparent, and independent probe into the matter. In a statement, he stated that it was a shame to hear the victim's mother say her daughter was belittled and subjected to stress. He also stated “It's time we avoid [[saffronisation]] of educational institutions.”<ref name=":1" />

An autonomous student body at IIT-M, the Ambedkar Periyar Study Circle, published a statement condemning [[IIT Madras|IIT-Madras]]' "[[brahminical]] hegemony". The group has demanded a "fair probe" into Fathima's death. Many students accused IIT-Madras of being "[[Islamophobia|anti-Muslim]]", "anti-minority", and of discriminating against students from marginalized communities, such as [[Adivasi]]s, [[Other Backward Class]]es, and [[Dalit]]s.<ref name=":3" />

“My college is a hostile space that stinks of elitism, casteism, classism, and most notably Islamophobia,” said Alfiya, a Humanities student, claiming. “This university, especially the department of Humanities and Social Sciences, is rife with anti-Muslim and anti-caste sentiments.” She stated that one of the staff members asked her, 'Why are Muslims and Christians labelled minorities when their populations are vast, yet Brahmins make up only 2% of the Indian population?'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#JusticeForFathimaLatheef: IIT Madras in eye of the storm|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/justiceforfathimalatheef-iit-madras-in-eye-of-the-storm|access-date=2021-09-01|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref>

On 18 November 2019, students of the institute sat on a hunger strike demanding the management constitute an external expert panel to survey the overall mental well-being of students. They also demanded setting up a Grievance Redressal Cell for each department and conducting an internal probe into the allegations made by Fathima's family. The management accepted the first two demands and the students called off the strike.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TK|first=Smitha|date=2019-11-19|title=Justice for Fathima Latheef: Hunger Strike Called Off at IIT-M|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/students-iit-madras-demanding-justice-fathima-latheef-called-off-hunger-strike|archive-url=|archive-date=|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> However, when the students met the director on 21 November, he told them the institute cannot form an internal probe committee as an investigation was already underway by the authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TK|first=Smitha|date=2019-11-27|title=Fathima Latheef's Father to Demand Internal Probe at IIT Madras|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/fathima-latheef-father-suicide-iit-madras-petition-madras-high-court-internal-probe|access-date=2021-02-13|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Campus violence in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Latheef, Fathima}}
[[Category:2019 suicides]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]
[[Category:Youth suicides]]

2023 Doda earthquake

2025-10-28T20:12:31Z

AlberthaPickard: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Chenab Valley#2023 Doda earthquake]]

Tingkao Ragwang

2025-10-19T06:04:22Z

AlberthaPickard: new!

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox deity
|type = Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak
|image =
|caption =
|affiliation = [[Zeliangrong]]
|other_names = Tingwang, Ragwang, Samtingphenpu, Buhshinmeipu-Buhdameipu
|god_of = Almighty and creator god
|day =
|weapon =
|consort =
|mount =
|abode = Tingkao Kaidai
|festivals = [[Gaan-Ngai]]
}}

'''Tingkao Ragwang''' or '''Tingwang''' is a god of the [[Zeliangrong]] people (indigenous [[Zeme people|Zeme]], [[Liangmai people|Liangmei]] and [[Rongmei people|Rongmei]] tribes) of [[Assam]], [[Manipur]] and [[Nagaland]] states in [[North Eastern India]]. He is considered as the almighty god who created the [[universe]] including the [[sun]], [[moon]] and the [[earth]], after which life began. [[Heraka]] and [[Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak]] are the two traditional religions based on the fundamental belief of Tingkao Ragwang, followed by the Zeliangrong people. The annual [[Gaan-Ngai]] festival is dedicated to Tingwang.

== Etymology ==
''Tingkao Ragwang'' means the "Heavenly God" or "God of the sky" in the [[Zemeic languages]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society|volume=29-30|publisher=Indian Anthropological Society|year=1994|page=174}}</ref><ref name="Kamei"/> He is also known as ''Buhshinmeipu-Buhdameipu'', the giver and protector of the soul.<ref name="Epao2"/> He is also called as ''Samtingphenpu'' meaning one sporting a long hair.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gaidinliu Uprising in British India: Encountering the Millenarian|first=Sajal|last=Nag|year=2024|isbn=978-1-040-00277-3|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref>

== Theology and historical development ==
According to traditional beliefs, Tingwang is the eternal god with no beginning or end, no father or mother and he is the source of all life and good.<ref name="Epao2"/> He is the architect of every life, source of knowledge and wisdom and nothing can be created without his will. He is beyond believed to be beyond time and space and described as omnipresent (present everywhere), omniscient (infinite knowledge), omnipotent (unlimited power) and omnibenevolent (perfect goodness).<ref name="Epao1"/> It is believed that he lives in the [[heaven]] above the sky called ''Tingkao Kaidai'' or ''Tingkao Ragwang kai'' with ''kai'' meaning "abode" in Zemic.<ref name="Epao2"/> According to the beliefs, Tingkao Ragwang created the [[universe]], the [[sun]], the [[moon]], other celestial bodies and the natural elements of [[fire]], [[water]] and [[earth]].<ref name="Epao1"/>

Depending on the beliefs, Tingwang wanted to create human beings who could rule the world, make offerings and remember him. For the purpose, he created two deities named ''Dampapu'' and ''Dampapui'' to create the human beings. The two deities took a long time to create the first human beings, but the first man and woman were lifeless and could not move their limbs. Tingwang then gave ''Buh'' ("soul") and life began.<ref name="Epao1"/> According to the beliefs, every creature has a soul which cannot be seen but felt by placing the hands against the heart and when someone dies, the soul never dies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.The_Concept_of_Soul_in_Tingkao_Ragwang_Chapriak_Part_1|title=Concept of soul|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> The ultimate goal of the human soul is to reach the abode of Tingwang.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Of Manipur|first=Khomdan Singh|last=Lisam|year=2011|isbn=978-8-178-35864-2|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|page=623}}</ref>

== Worship ==
''[[Heraka]]'' and ''[[Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak]]'' (TRC) are the two traditional religions based on the fundamental belief of Tingkao Ragwang, followed by the Zeliangrong people.<ref name="Kamei">{{cite book|title=Gaan Ngai: A Festival of the Zeliangrong Nagas of North East India (research and Documentation)|last=Kamei|first=Jenpuiru|date=2012|publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India|isbn=978-8-183-70326-0|page=56}}</ref> The main difference between the religions is that Heraka is [[monotheism|monotheistic]], while Chapriak is [[polytheism|polytheistic]]. In Zemic, ''Heraka'' literally means "pure" with ''Hera'' referring to smaller deities and ''Ka'' meaning "fence or obstruct". So all sacrifices associated with the smaller gods must be avoided and only Tingkao Ragwang must be worshiped.<ref name="Epao1">{{cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.Heraka_The_primordial_religion|title=Heraka, the primordial religion|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> In contrast, followers of TRC offer rituals and sacrifice to the brother gods, Vishnu, Naptime, Karagong, Koloa, Chongchai, Charakilongmei and Dimei, with the primary worship of Tingwang.<ref name="Epao">{{cite web|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Festival_of_Manipur.Gaan_Ngai_And_LuiNgaiNi_Festival.Aspects_of_Gaan_Ngai|title=Aspects of Gaan Ngai|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

Tingwang was worshiped in no specific form till the 20th century. [[Haipou Jadonang]], a prophet, introduced reforms in the traditional worship, abolishing irrational practices and introduced the worship of Tingwang through prayer.<ref name="Epao1"/> He introduced worshiping Tingwang by putting the hands together, facing east and saying "Ragwang, Do what is good for us." He composed religious hymns, constructed a temple called ''Kao Kai'' and introduced idol worship similar to [[Hinduism]].<ref name="Epao1"/> Heraka uses a symbol of [[earring]].<ref name="Epao1"/> TRC uses crisscrossed lines within the circle representing the Zodiac with the sun and moon which are the creation of Tingwang.<ref name="Epao2">{{cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.Tingkao_Ragwang_Chapriak_Part_1i|title=Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

== Festival ==
[[Gaan-Ngai]] is a festival is celebrated as to commemorate the coming of light or fire, given by Tingwang.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Struggle for Survival of Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak in Manipur|first=Samson|last=Kamei|isbn=978-1-000-82888-7|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> It is a [[Postharvest|post]] [[harvest festival]] celebrated to thank Tingkao Ragwang for a good harvest season and heralds the beginning of a new year.<ref>{{cite book|title=Concise Encyclopaedia of India|last=Gupta|first=K. R. Gupta & Amita|date=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|isbn=978-8-126-90639-0}}</ref> The festival is celebrated for five days and involves congregational prayers and invocation to the almighty god Tingkao Ragwang.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/culture/manipurs-zeliangrong-tribe-celebrates-gaan-ngai-festival20200118224516/|title=Manipur's Zeliangrong tribe celebrates Gaan-Ngai festival|work=ANI News|date=19 January 2018|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> Tingkao Rangwang is offered the first taste of meals and drinks, prepared during the festival and also involves other festivities like music and dance.<ref name="Tribune">{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/tradition-and-modernity-in-manipur-festivals-448132|title=Tradition and modernity in Manipur festivals|newspaper=Tribune India|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=Manipur%3A-Gaan-Ngai-festival-of-Zeliangrong-community-to-be-celebrated-on-4th-January&id=453424|title=Manipur: Gaan Ngai festival of Zeliangrong community to be celebrated on 4th January|work=News on Air|date=3 January 2023|access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Knowledge gods]]
[[Category:Creator gods]]

M. P. Sukumaran Nair

2025-10-07T16:30:38Z

AlberthaPickard: creating some bio added tags...

{{short description|Indian director and producer}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}

'''M. P. Sukumaran Nair''' is an Indian film director and producer, working in [[Malayalam]] film industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1110270/ |title= IMDb |website= [[IMDb]] |access-date=2022-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indiancine.ma/grid/year/name=M.P._Sukumaran_Nair |title= Indiancine |access-date=2022-05-09}}</ref> He is an alumnus of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miff.in/mp-sukumaran-nair/ |title= Mumbai International Film Festival |access-date=2022-05-09}}</ref>

He has won both national and Kerala state film awards, multiple times, and is considered one of the prominent Malayalam filmmakers. He produced and directed [[Aparahnam]] (1991), [[Kazhakam]] (1995), Shayanam (2000), [[Drishtantham]] (2006), [[Raamanam]] (2009), and [[Jalamsham]] (2014).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/m-p-sukumaran-nair.html |title= Filmibeat |access-date=2022-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2014/mar/27/jalamsham-of-organic-bonds-591403.html |title= The New Indian Express |date= 27 March 2014 |access-date=2022-05-09}}</ref>

His films won two [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|National Awards]] for the best film in Malayalam: Shayanam in 2000, and Drishtantham in 2006.

[[Kazhakam]] and Drishtantham also won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film award]] at the [[Kerala State Film Awards]]. Aparahnam and Raamanam won the award for [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film|second best film]]. Nair won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Screenplay|best screenplay award]] for Shayanam in 2000.

[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] got the award for the best actress at the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Kerala State Film Awards]] for [[Kazhakam]] in 1995.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-urvashi-won-the-kerala-state-film-award-for-best-actress-five-times/articleshow/78970630.cms |title= Times of India |date= 31 October 2020 |access-date=2022-05-09}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, M. P. Sukumaran}}
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Consulate General of Malaysia, Chennai

2025-09-30T04:45:58Z

AlberthaPickard: Added the post basic info

{{Short description|Diplomatic mission in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox official post
|post = Consulate General of Malaysia for Southern India Consulate General of Malaysia, Chennai
|native_name = மலேசியத் துணைதூதரகம், சென்னை
|insigniasize = 120px
|insigniacaption = Coat of Arms of Malaysia
|department = Ministry of Foreign Affairs
|image =
|incumbent = Saravana Kumar Kumaravasagam
|incumbentsince = November 2022
|style = Consul General
|inaugural = T. H. Yogaratnam
|formation = 1961
|website = {{Official|https://www.kln.gov.my/web/ind_chennai/home}}
}}

The '''Consulate General of Malaysia''' for Southern India is one of the three missions of [[Malaysia]] in [[India]] focusing on Malaysian interests in the region. It is located in [[Chennai]] and its jurisdiction includes the states of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. The other two are the Malaysian High Commission in [[New Delhi]] and the Consulate General of Malaysia in [[Mumbai]], in addition to an honorary office in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite news
| title = Wan Zaidi Wan Abdullah, Consul General of Malaysia
| newspaper = Express Travel World
| date = 1–15 January 2010
| url = http://www.expresstravelworld.com/20100115/management15.shtml
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130122160247/http://www.expresstravelworld.com/20100115/management15.shtml
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = January 22, 2013
| access-date = 8 Feb 2012
}}</ref> The current Consul General of the Chennai Consulate is Saravana Kumar Kumaravasagam.

==Location of agencies==
The Office of the Consulate General of Malaysia is located at No.7 (Old 3) Cenotaph Road 1st Street, [[Teynampet]]. Other offices operating under the Consulate General are Immigration agency, the Education and Training section (Public Services Department) and the Ministry of Human Resources. The Tourism Malaysia agency functions at 4 Kodambakkam High Road, [[Nungambakkam]]. The MATRADE office—the office of the Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation, the national trade promotion agency of Malaysia—operates from 554 and 555, [[Anna Salai]], Teynampet. The Malaysian Airlines functions from Temple Tower No.672, Anna Salai, [[Nandanam]].

==History==
The Consulate General of Malaysia for Southern India in Chennai was established in 1961 as the Office of the Assistant High Commissioner for Malaysia in Chennai. The mission in Chennai is considered one of the first few Malaysian diplomatic missions established abroad following the establishment of Indian diplomatic relations with the Federation of Malaya (predecessor state of Malaysia) in 1957.<ref>{{cite web
| title = India-Malaysia Relations
| publisher = Ministry of External Affairs, India
| url = http://mea.gov.in/mystart.php?id=50044496
| format = pdf
| access-date = 6 Feb 2012}}</ref> and the Independence of Malaysia in the same year.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Corporate Information—History
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia
| url = http://www.kln.gov.my/web/ind_chennai/history
| access-date = 5 Feb 2012}}</ref>

In November 2004, the Chennai mission was upgraded as the Consulate General of Malaysia for Southern India in Chennai by the Government of Malaysia through the notification issued by the Indian Ministry of External Affairs on 8 November 2004 in order to cater to the greater interests of Malaysia in the region by optimizing the role of the mission.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

===List of Assistant High Commissioners/Consuls General===
Until the upgradation in 2004 as the Consulate General, the mission had Assistant High Commissioners heading it. Since 2004, the mission is being led by consuls general. Below is the list of Assistant High Commissioners/Consuls General of the Consulate General of Malaysia in Chennai:<ref>{{cite web
| title = Head of Mission
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia
| date = n.d.
| url = https://www.kln.gov.my/web/ind_chennai/head_mission
| access-date = 22 November 2012}}</ref>

;Assistant high commissioners
# T. H. Yogaratnam (1961–1964)
# Razali Ismail (1964–1966)
# Anaitullah B. Karim (1966–1969)
# Alfred Kumarasari (1970–1972)
# Kon Song Chee (1973 (6 months))
# Dominic Mathews (1973–1974)
# Low Tiam Kit (1974–1976)
# Tuan Hj. Gulam Haniff (1976–1979)
# Marzuki Mohd Noor (1980–1982)
# Fauzi Yon (1982–1985)
# Abdul Latif Awang (1985–1988)
# Mahalil Hj. Baharam (1988–1992)
# Shafie Abu Samah (1992–1996)
# Ismail Ahmad (1997)
# Mazlan Muhammad (1997–2001)
# Y. M. Raja Ahmad Raja Daud (2001–2004)

;Consuls general
# Rosli B. Ismail (2004–2007)
# Anuar Kasman (22 April 2008 – 2012)
# Chitra Devi Ramiah (2012 – January 2016)
# Ahmad Fajarazam bin Abdul Jalil (January 2016 – August 2017)
# Saravanan Karathihayan (January 2018 – November 2022)
# Saravana Kumar Kumaravasagam (November 2022 – present)

==Mission statement==
The stated mission of the Consulate General of Malaysia in Chennai is as follows:<ref>{{cite web
| title = Corporate Information—Mission Statement
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia
| url = http://www.kln.gov.my/web/ind_chennai/mission_statement
| access-date = 5 Feb 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111231003856/http://www.kln.gov.my/web/ind_chennai/mission_statement
| archive-date = 31 December 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
* Uphold the country's sovereignty and promote universal peace
* Foster friendly relations with foreign countries
* Develop and protect Malaysia's interests in the regional and international arena
* Ensure the safety and interests of Malaysians abroad
* Extend excellent and efficient services to the Ministry's stakeholders both locally and abroad

==Functions==
The mission is headed by 18 diplomatic officers assigned by the Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. With the expansion to include various core areas, the office of the Consulate General is assisted by several agencies under the umbrella of the Consulate General to execute specific duties:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Agency function !! Department !! Year of establishment
|-
| Immigration and Consular Affairs || Department of Immigration, Malaysia || 1983
|-
| Promoting Malaysia as a Tourist Destination || Tourism Malaysia under the Ministry of Tourism || 2001
|-
| Promoting Bilateral Trade || Malaysian Trade and Development office (MATRADE) || 2004
|-
| Education and Training || Counsellor of Education and Training Office, Public Service Department || 2008
|-
| Labour Relations || Ministry of Human Resource || 2009
|}

Along with the Malaysian High Commission in [[New Delhi]], the Consulate General in Chennai processes visa applications from Indian visitors.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Malaysian High Commission goes online
| newspaper = Thaindian News
| location = New Delhi
| publisher = Thaindian.com
| date = 6 August 2008
| url = http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/malaysian-high-commission-goes-online_10080702.html
| access-date = 7 Feb 2012
| archive-date = 11 June 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100611231620/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/malaysian-high-commission-goes-online_10080702.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> As of 2009, the Consulate General in Chennai issues more than 350 visas a day, including employment and tourist visas.<ref>{{cite news
| last = George
| first = Daniel P.
| title = Malaysian consulate warns against job scams
| location = Chennai
| date = 20 October 2009
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-20/chennai/28111343_1_malaysian-indians-consulate-malaysian-government
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110917075223/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-20/chennai/28111343_1_malaysian-indians-consulate-malaysian-government
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 17 September 2011
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 5 Feb 2012}}</ref> The visa application centre in Chennai was established in 2011. Other visa applications centres are in [[Mumbai]], New Delhi, [[Kolkata]] and [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite news
| title = Malaysian visa office to open today
| newspaper = The Telegraph
| location = Kolkata
| publisher = The Telegraph, Calcutta
| date = 11 May 2011
| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110511/jsp/calcutta/story_13964996.jsp
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130203204748/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110511/jsp/calcutta/story_13964996.jsp
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 3 February 2013
| access-date = 8 Feb 2012}}</ref>

==PERWAKILAN Chennai==
The Ladies Association of the Consulate General of Malaysia in Chennai is known as PERWAKILAN Chennai. PERWAKILAN is an acronym of "Persatuan Wanita Kementerian Luar Negeri" meaning the "Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ladies Association". It is a voluntary non-profit organization and was established following the establishment of the Consulate General. It is currently chaired by Mrs Visalakshi Suparamaiam, wife of the Consul General. Membership is automatically opened to wives of home-based staff of the Malaysian Consulate General Office and Malaysian Governmental Agencies in Chennai.<ref>{{cite web
| title = About PERWAKILAN Chennai
| date = 10 June 2009
| publisher = PERWAKILAN Chennai
| url = http://perwakilanchennai.wordpress.com/about/
| access-date = 8 Feb 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Malaysia|India}}
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Chennai]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia]]
* [[Foreign relations of Malaysia]]
* [[India–Malaysia relations]]
* [[Foreign relations of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kln.gov.my/web/ind_chennai/home Official website of the Malaysian Consulate General Chennai]
* [http://perwakilanchennai.wordpress.com/ Homepage of PERWAKILAN Chennai]
* [http://www.matrade.gov.my/ Homepage of Matrade]

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Diplomatic missions in India}}
{{Diplomatic missions of Malaysia}}
{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Malaysia}}

[[Category:Diplomatic missions in Chennai|Malaysia]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions of Malaysia|Chennai]]
[[Category:India–Malaysia relations]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Madras State]]

Kadamalaigundu–Mayiladumparai Panchayat Union

2025-07-19T03:00:07Z

AlberthaPickard: creating some info with sources.

{{more citations needed|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
'''Kadamalaigundu - Mayiladumparai''' is a Panchayat union of [[Theni]] Revenue district in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]].

==Education==
*G R Varatharajulu Higher Secondary School

==Villages==
Following is the list of Village Panchayats that come under this union <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=6341&parenttype=B&ptype=V |title=Village Panchayat Names of KADAMALAIKUNDRU MYLADUMPARAI, THENI, TAMIL NADU |access-date=2012-12-25 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217215044/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=6341&parenttype=B&ptype=V |archive-date=2013-02-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* Athankaraipatti
* Duraichamipuram
* Ettapparajapuram
* Gandamanur
* [[Kadamalaikundu]]
* Kumananthozhu
* Manthisunai moolakadai
* Megamalai
* Murukkodai
* Muthalamparai
* [[Myladumparai]] (also known as Mayiladumparai)
* Nariyuthu
* Paaluthu
* Ponnanpadugai
* Singarajapuram
* Thangammalpuram
* Thummakundu
* [[Varusanadu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kadamalaigundu - Mayiladumparai Panchayat union}}
[[Category:Theni district]]

Allied Blenders & Distillers

2025-06-30T10:53:10Z

AlberthaPickard: created post

{{Short description|Indian-made foreign liquor company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Allied Blenders & Distillers
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NSE|ABDL}}|{{BSE|544203}}}}
| ISIN =
| industry = Alcoholic beverages
| founded = 1988
| founder = Kishore Rajaram Chhabria
| hq_location =
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| hq_location_country = India
| coordinates =
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Kishore Chhabria, (Chairman), Shekhar Ramamurthy (Executive Deputy Chairman)
| products = [[Vodka]] [[Brandy]] [[Blended Whiskey]] [[Rum]] [[IMFL]] [[Liquor|Spirits]] [[Gin]]
| brands = [[Officer's Choice]] Zoya
| production =
| production_year =
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRconvert|7196|c}} (FY22)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tandon |first1=Suneera |title=Allied Blenders plans wider spirits menu |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/allied-blenders-distillers-abd-to-expand-beyond-whisky-and-brandy-enter-craft-and-white-spirits-market-11689702467922.html |access-date=2 December 2023 |work=mint |date=18 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
| owner =
| website = {{URL|https://www.abdindia.com}}
}}
'''Allied Blenders & Distillers''' (commonly referred to as '''ABD''') is an [[Indian-made foreign liquor]] company, headquartered in [[Mumbai]], India.<ref>{{cite web |title=SEBI {{!}} Allied Blenders and Distillers Limited - DRHP |url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/filings/public-issues/jun-2022/allied-blenders-and-distillers-limited-drhp_60292.html |website=www.sebi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ABD to set up distillery in east, acquire three more brands |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/abd-to-set-up-distillery-in-east-acquire-three-more-brands/2909181/ |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sen |first1=Sesa |title=Allied Blenders Expects Revenue To Reach Pre-Covid Levels This Fiscal |url=https://www.bqprime.com/business/allied-blenders-expects-revenue-to-reach-pre-covid-levels-this-fiscal |website=[[BQ Prime]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dhamija |first1=Anshul |last2=Kurian |first2=Boby |title=Officer's Choice, Royal Stag in $1bn club - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Officers-Choice-Royal-Stag-in-1bn-club/articleshow/32319668.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It is a major distributor of [[whiskey]], [[rum]], [[vodka]], [[brandy]] and other [[liquor|spirit]]s, and exports to 22 countries around the world.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Badrinath |first1=Raghuvir |title=Vijay Mallya, Kishore Chhabria set to bury all legal disputes |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/vijay-mallya-kishore-chhabria-set-to-bury-all-legal-disputes-112100800103_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=8 October 2012}}</ref>

== History ==
Allied Blenders & Distillers was founded by Kishore Rajaram Chhabria in 1988 in [[Kolkata]]. Prior to this, Chhabria held the position of managing director at Shaw Wallace, a Kolkata-based Indian manufacturer production company. He noticed that the prominent frontline brands were receiving all the recognition and, in an effort to revive lesser-known names, he founded a new part of the business in Delhi and produced a new whisky.

The first brand of the company brand was [[Officer's Choice]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kishore Chhabria: The man behind the world's largest selling whisky brand |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/story/officer-choice-kishore-chhabria-35259-2012-12-21 |website=Business Today |language=en |date=21 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Layak |first1=Suman |title=Meet liquor baron Kishore Chhabria: What sets the owner of Allied Blenders and Distillers apart? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/meet-liquor-baron-kishore-chhabria-what-sets-the-owner-of-allied-blenders-and-distillers-apart/articleshow/44786244.cms |website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Allied Blenders and Distillers: On a new high |url=https://businessindia.co/magazine/allied-blenders-and-distillers-on-a-new-high |website=businessindia.co |publisher=[[Business India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chhabria brothers fall apart, their Rs 1,400-crore Indian conglomerate may follow |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19920515-chhabria-brothers-fall-apart-their-rs-1400-crore-indian-conglomerate-may-follow-766301-2013-06-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 2010, ABD added a rum entitled Jolly Roger to its offerings, creating its own space in the rum market.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABD Distillers and Jolly Rogers |url=https://excise.mp.gov.in/uploads/files/dated_21-06-2022_labels_to_upload_on_website(Allied_blenders).pdf |website=excise.mp.gov.in}}</ref> The following year, in 2011, ABD made its foray into the deluxe whisky sector with the launch of Officer's Choice Blue.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABD launches new campaign for Officer's Choice: Best Media Info |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2011/08/abd-launches-new-campaign-for-officers-choice |website=bestmediainfo.com |date=16 August 2011}}</ref>

In 2012, the company launched Officer's Choice Blue in Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABD's Semi Premium Whisky, 'Officer's Choice Blue'- Now in Delhi |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/abds-semi-premium-whisky-officers-choice-blue-now-in-delhi-692771 |website=NDTV Food |language=en}}</ref> In 2013, ABD launched Kyron in the premium brandy sector.<ref>{{cite web |title=Allied Blenders and Distillers sells record 25 million liquor cases in FY'14 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/liquor/allied-blenders-and-distillers-sells-record-25-million-liquor-cases-in-fy14/articleshow/35383707.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=20 May 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, Allied Blenders & Distillers acquired 50% ownership rights in Dutch liquor major Herman Jansen's Mansion House brandy and Savoy Club whiskey.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABD picks up 50% ownership rights in Mansion House brandy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/abd-picks-up-50-ownership-rights-in-mansion-house-brandy/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |date=21 August 2014}}</ref>

In 2015, ABD acquired Shasta Biofuels, a Telangana-based integrated grain spirit distillery for Rs. 200 crore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Malviya |first1=Sagar |title=Kishore Chhabria-promoted ABD acquires Shasta Bio Fuels for Rs 200 crore |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/liquor/kishore-chhabria-promoted-abd-acquires-shasta-bio-fuels-for-rs-200-crore/articleshow/48100946.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=17 July 2015}}</ref>

In May 2017, [[Officer's Choice]] Blue was launched in Nepal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Officer's Choice Blue launched in Nepal |url=https://kathmandupost.com/money/2017/05/08/officers-choice-blue-launched-in-nepal |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>

In July 2021, Shekhar Ramamurthy was appointed as the executive deputy chairman of ABD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ex-UB MD Ramamurthy joins ABD |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/ex-ub-md-ramamurthy-joins-abd/article35413389.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=19 July 2021}}</ref>

In 2022, the company launched its rum brand Jolly Roger in [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Allied Blenders launches rum brand in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/allied-blenders-launches-rum-brand-in-uttar-pradesh-rajasthan-11669194145291.html |website=mint |language=en |date=23 November 2022}}</ref>

In 2024, the company entered the Gin space with Zoya Special Batch Gin in its new premium brands vertical. It is made from 100 percent grain and natural spirits, with delicate Juniper and 12 fine botanicals. The new gin will launch first in Gurgaon and will subsequently move to Maharashtra and major cities in other states of the country. A 750ml bottle of Zoya Special Batch Premium Gin will cost Rs.2200 in Maharashtra. The brand will also be available for global markets at the earliest.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABD Launches Zoya Special Batch Gin |url=https://spiritz.in/2024/01/08/abd-launches-zoya-special-batch-gin/ |website=Spiritz |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref>

ABD has filed draft papers to raise Rs. 2000 crore in IPO in June 2022 and in December 2022, [[SEBI]] approved the application.<ref>{{cite web |title=SEBI {{!}} Allied Blenders and Distillers Limited - DRHP |url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/filings/public-issues/jun-2022/allied-blenders-and-distillers-limited-drhp_60292.html |website=www.sebi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sinha |first1=Partha |title=Liquor giant ABD to file for Rs 2,000cr IPO this month - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/liquor-giant-abd-to-file-for-rs-2000cr-ipo-this-month/articleshow/92024749.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

ABD currently{{when|date=June 2023}} has 9 owned bottling units, 1 distilling unit and 22 non owned manufacturing units with sales across 30 States and Union Territories.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABD to set up distillery in east, acquire three more brands |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/abd-to-set-up-distillery-in-east-acquire-three-more-brands/2909181/ |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

in June 2024, ABD filled for [[initial public offering]] (IPO) to raise up to $180 million. ABD said it would issue new shares worth up to $120 million as a part of the IPO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2024 |title=India's Allied Blenders and Distillers files for $180 mln IPO |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/indias-allied-blenders-distillers-files-180-mln-ipo-2024-06-19/}}</ref>

== Sterling Reserve Cup ==
In 2022, Allied Blenders & Distillers presented Sterling Reserve Cup for Indian v/s New Zealand Cricket tournament 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Zealand vs. India Presented by Sterling Reserve (3rd ODI) {{!}} Watch ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/espnplus/player/_/id/515a027f-14a5-4fff-aeed-06f2bc6ac1ab/country/us/redirected/true |website=[[ESPN]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India vs New Zealand 2022: Teams to Play For The Sterling Reserve Cup |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/india-vs-new-zealand-2022-teams-to-play-for-the-sterling-reserve-cup-6411847.html |website=News18.com |publisher=[[Network18 Group]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable brands ==
Allied Blenders & Distillers manufactures brandy, whisky, rum, blended liquors, spirits, and vodka.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
;Whisky
*Arthaus Collective Blended Malt Scotch Whisky
*Officer's Choice
*Officer's Choice Blue
*Officer's Choice Star
*Officer’s Choice Blended Scotch Whisky
*Iconiq White
*Iconiq Winter
*Sterling Reserve Blend 7
*Sterling Reserve Blend 10
*Sterling Reserve B7 Cola Mix
*X&O Barrel
*Srishti Premium
{{col-break}}
;Brandy
*Kyron Premium
*Officer's Choice Brandy
*Sterling Reserve Premium Cellar Brandy
{{col-break}}
;Rum
*Jolly Roger
*Officer's Choice Rum
{{col-break}}
;Vodka
*Class21
{{col-end}}
;Gin
*Zoya

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Distilleries in India]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Drink companies of India]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1988]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:2024 initial public offerings]]