https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=AlannahHudspeth 2026-07-31T06:10:04Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayiladuthurai_Assembly_constituency&diff=517014 2026-05-08T14:16:40Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}<br /> {{coord|11.1018845|79.5795889|display=title|format=dms}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 161<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Mayiladuthurai.svg<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | district = [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Mayiladuthurai Lok Sabha constituency|Mayiladuturai]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | alliance = {{Color box|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}} [[TVK-led Alliance|TVK+]]<br /> | mla = [[Jamal Mohamed Younoos]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | name = Mayiladuthurai<br /> | electors = 232,618<br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mayiladuthurai''' is a [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu|legislative assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Elections and winners from this constituency are listed below. Most successful parties: DMK and INC (five times). It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[N. Kittappa]] of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] served as member for Mayiladuthurai Assembly constituency for four consecutive terms from 1967 to 1984.&lt;ref name=&quot;1967assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|year=1967|title=Statistical Report of 1967 Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=20 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1971assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf|year=1971|title=Statistical Report of 1971 Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1977assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf|year=1977|title=Statistical Report of 1977 Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000841/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1980assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf|title=Statistical Report of 1980 Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections|publisher=Election Commission of India|year=1980|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713132112/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Indian National Congress]] has won the seat five times (1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;1957assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|title=Statistical Report of 1957 Madras Assembly Elections|publisher=Election Commission of India|year=1957|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122651/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1962,&lt;ref name=&quot;1962assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|title=Statistical Report of 1962 Madras Assembly Elections|publisher=Election Commission of India|year=1962|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007003737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1991,&lt;ref name=&quot;1991assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf|title=Statistical Report of 1991 Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections|year=1991|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2006&lt;ref name=&quot;2006assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf|title=Statistical Report of 2006 Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections|publisher=Election Commission of India|year=2006|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2021), the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, five times (1967,&lt;ref name=&quot;1967assemblyelections&quot; /&gt; 1971,&lt;ref name=&quot;1971assemblyelections&quot; /&gt; 1977,&lt;ref name=&quot;1977assemblyelections&quot; /&gt; 1980,&lt;ref name=&quot;1980assemblyelections&quot; /&gt; 1989); the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] twice,&lt;ref name=&quot;1984assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Key highlights of 1984 Assembly elections|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf|publisher=Elections Commission of India|year=1984|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002185855/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)]],&lt;ref name=&quot;1996assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Key Highlights of 1996assembly elections|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1996/StatisticalReport_TN96.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|year=1996|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002185909/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1996/StatisticalReport_TN96.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bharatiya Janata Party]],&lt;ref name=&quot;2001assemblyelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Key Highlights of 2001 assembly elections|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|year=2001|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002185925/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;and the [[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]], once each.<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madras State ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> | A.Veloo<br /> K.R.Sambandam<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[G. Narayanasamy Naidu]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress | rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | [[N. Kittappa]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | rowspan=3 | [[N. Kittappa]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |-<br /> | 1984 by-election<br /> | K. Sathiyaseelan<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> | M. Thangamani<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | A. Senguttuvan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[M. M. S. Abul Hassan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> | [[Jega Veerapandian]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | [[S. Rajakumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | [[R. Arulselvan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> | [[V. Rathakrishnan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | S. Rajakumar<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.17}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.02}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}|44.64}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.27}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|49.51}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|58.50}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.34}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.73}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.87}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.89}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|39.34}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.69}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.21}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.10}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|30.81}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|28.23}}<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayiladuthurai}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= [[Jamal Mohamed Younoos]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sithamalli A. Palanisamy|party=Pattali Makkal Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate|candidate=Sakthivel|party=[[Ayya Pattali Makkal Katchi|APMK]] |color= #FFFF00 |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kasiraman|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. S. Haroon Rasheeth|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =2,32,618 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayiladuthurai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= Mayiladuturai Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a161|access-date= 25 May 2022|archive-date= 25 May 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220525165606/https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a161/|url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Rajakumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=73,642 |percentage=42.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Palanisamy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=70,900 |percentage=40.60% |change=+32.83 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kasiraman |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=13,186 |percentage=7.55% |change=+6.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. K. Anbarasan Komal |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,282 |percentage=4.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Ravichandran |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=5,933 |percentage=3.40% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,067 |percentage=0.61% |change=-0.39 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,742 |percentage=1.57% |change=-1.26% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=174,640 |percentage=71.00% |change= -1.41% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=129 |percentage=0.07% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 245,987 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.15% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayiladuthurai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Rathakrishnan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,949 |percentage=42.02% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Anbazhagan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=66,171 |percentage=39.19% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Ayyappan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=13,115 |percentage=7.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Arulselvan]] |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=12,294 |percentage=7.28% |change=-37.36 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Muthukumarasamy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,926 |percentage=1.14% |change=-1.82 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,688 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Shahul Hameed |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,672 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,778 |percentage=2.83% |change=0.70% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=168,856 |percentage=72.40% |change= -4.28% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 233,224 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |swing= -2.63% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayiladuthurai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Arulselvan]] |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=63,326 |percentage=44.64% |change=+42.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Rajakumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=60,309 |percentage=42.52% |change=-3.75 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Manimaran |party=Independent politician |votes=6,023 |percentage=4.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Sethuraman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,202 |percentage=2.96% |change=+1.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Mathiyazhagan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,678 |percentage=1.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Jayaraman |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,002 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Murugan |party=Independent politician |votes=963 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Maithili |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=790 |percentage=0.56% |change=+0.02 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,017 |percentage=2.13% |change=0.76% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=184,990 |percentage=76.68% |change= 4.01% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,847 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -1.62% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Rajakumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,490 |percentage=46.27% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Mahalingam |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=51,912 |percentage=44.90% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Rajendar]] |party=Independent politician |votes=4,346 |percentage=3.76% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Thavamani |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=2,277 |percentage=1.97% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Vasudevan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,327 |percentage=1.15% |change=-48.36 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Muthusamy |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=624 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,578 |percentage=1.36% |change=-1.00% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=115,612 |percentage=72.67% |change= 12.14% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,101 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= -3.24% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Jega Veerapandian]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=51,303 |percentage=49.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Selvaraj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,851 |percentage=47.14% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Mathanmohan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,434 |percentage=1.38% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pon. Prabaakaran |party=Independent politician |votes=587 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,452 |percentage=2.37% |change=-31.08% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=103,626 |percentage=60.53% |change= -10.47% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,477 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -8.99% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. M. S. Abul Hassan]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=60,522 |percentage=58.50% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rama Chidambaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,918 |percentage=25.05% |change=-30.29 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Ramakrishnan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=8,768 |percentage=8.47% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Mahalingam |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,614 |percentage=4.46% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,103 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Kubendhran |party=Independent politician |votes=697 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=34,604 |percentage=33.45% |change=9.79% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=103,459 |percentage=71.00% |change= 1.78% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 151,914 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.16% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. M. S. Abul Hassan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=54,516 |percentage=55.34% |change=+27.43 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Senguttivan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,208 |percentage=31.68% |change=-11.05 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Periyasamy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=11,779 |percentage=11.96% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,308 |percentage=23.66% |change=8.84% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=98,510 |percentage=69.22% |change= 2.94% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,043 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 12.61% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Senguttivan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,793 |percentage=42.73% |change=-4.55 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. M. S. Abul Hassan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,034 |percentage=27.91% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. R. G. Rajaraman |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,040 |percentage=16.30% |change=-35.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Muthusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=5,325 |percentage=6.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Thangamani |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,791 |percentage=4.40% |change=-47.46 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Subbarayan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,777 |percentage=2.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,759 |percentage=14.82% |change=10.23% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=86,110 |percentage=66.28% |change= -13.43% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 131,627 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.14% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. Thangamani |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,119 |percentage=51.87% |change=+3.84 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Satiyaseelan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,948 |percentage=47.28% |change=-1.62 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,171 |percentage=4.59% |change=3.72% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=90,846 |percentage=79.71% |change= 8.71% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,888 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.97% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Kittappa]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,671 |percentage=48.89% |change=+9.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bala Velayutham |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,001 |percentage=48.03% |change=+24.7 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. P. Anbalagan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,724 |percentage=2.24% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Santhanam |party=Independent politician |votes=649 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=670 |percentage=0.87% |change= -10.46% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=77,045 |percentage=70.99% |change= -0.97% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,869 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 9.56% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Kittappa]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,829 |percentage=39.34% |change=-11.35 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. M. S. Abul Hassan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,237 |percentage=28.01% |change=-21.3 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Balavelayatham |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=17,687 |percentage=23.33% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Somasundaram |party=Janata Party |votes=7,071 |percentage=9.33% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,592 |percentage=11.33% |change= 9.95% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=75,824 |percentage=71.96% |change= -6.64% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,786 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -11.35% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Kittappa]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,311 |percentage=50.69% |change=-0.52 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. R. Krishnappa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,292 |percentage=49.31% |change=+3.17 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,019 |percentage=1.38% |change= -3.69% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=73,603 |percentage=78.60% |change= -2.37% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,836 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -0.52% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Kittappa]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,721 |percentage=51.21% |change=+16.72 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. N. Naidu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,379 |percentage=46.14% |change=-4.96 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Lakshmanan |party=Independent politician |votes=938 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Balakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=807 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,342 |percentage=5.08% |change= -11.53% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=65,845 |percentage=80.97% |change= -2.12% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,176 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 0.11% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Narayanasamy Naidu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,362 |percentage=51.10% |change=+20.29 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanisamy Nadar |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,220 |percentage=34.49% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gnanasambandan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=8,163 |percentage=11.16% |change=-1.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Angappan |party=Swatantra Party |votes=2,373 |percentage=3.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,142 |percentage=16.61% |change= 2.32% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=73,118 |percentage=83.09% |change= -4.10% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,209 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 20.29% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Narayanasamy Naidu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=49,188 |percentage=30.81% |change=17.31% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kathamuthu |party=Communist Party of India |votes=20,498 |percentage=12.84% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kriahnamoorthi |party=Independent politician |votes=12,061 |percentage=7.55% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Venkatakriahnan |party=Independent politician |votes=9,564 |percentage=5.99% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Paramananthan |party=Independent politician |votes=8,222 |percentage=5.15% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Veloo (SC) |party=Independent politician |votes=4,137 |percentage=2.59% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Ramu (SC) |party=Independent politician |votes=2,232 |percentage=1.40% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,290 |percentage=17.97% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,59,660 |percentage=87.19% |change= -23.83% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,83,122 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 2.58% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1952===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Mayuram&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Sambandan |party=Independent politician |votes=47,323 |percentage=28.23% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Pitchai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,623 |percentage=13.50% |change=13.50% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. S. Ponnuswami Iyer |party=Independent politician |votes=17,105 |percentage=10.20% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Kataramuthu |party=Communist Party of India |votes=12,251 |percentage=7.31% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=I. B. S. Mani |party=Republican Party of India |votes=9,180 |percentage=5.48% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sidha Sankarananda |party=Independent politician |votes=3,649 |percentage=2.18% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,700 |percentage=14.27% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,67,623 |percentage=111.02% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,50,988 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}<br /> <br /> {{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Mayiladuthurai district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Meghalaya/Hot_articles&diff=545368 2026-05-08T07:25:06Z

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AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumar_Saurabh&diff=511065 2026-05-06T03:04:25Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: New bio</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian musial artist &quot; social activist from Bihar&quot;}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Kumar Saurbh<br /> | birth_date = 1992/09/12<br /> | birth_place = Faridabad, Haryana, India<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | years_active = 2014- present<br /> | known_for = Laal Rang, Baaghi 2, Samshera, Maharani 2<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kumar Saurabh''' (born 12 September 1992) is an Indian actor who work in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]], [[television]], and [[web series]]. He is known for his supporting roles in films such as [[Laal Rang]] (2016), [[Baaghi 2]] (2018), and [[Shamshera]] (2022), as well as web series including High (2020) and Maharani 2 (2022)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-11-07 |title='UT69' actor Kumar Saurabh says Raj Kundra has a hunger for acting: 'You cannot tell that he has not acted before' - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ut69-actor-kumar-saurabh-says-raj-kundra-has-a-hunger-for-acting-you-cannot-tell-that-he-has-not-acted-before-exclusive/articleshow/105046949.cms |access-date=2026-04-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Kumar Saurabh was born on 12 September 1992 in [[Faridabad]], Haryana, [[India]]. He was raised in [[Katihar|Katiyar, Bihar]]. He graduated in Political Science from D.S. College, Katiyar. He later pursued formal training in acting at the [[Madhya Pradesh School of Drama]], Bhopal.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/actor-kumar-saurabh-who-was-seen-in-the-role-of-rani-bhartis-brother-in-maharani-2-says-about-huma-qureshi-5599824/ Maharani 2: 'रानी भारती' के भाई बने एक्टर कुमार सौरभ ने हुमा कुरैशी के बारे में कही बड़ी बात]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://hindi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/struggle-story-of-actor-kumar-saurabh/articleshow/126891990.html वो एक्टर जिसका हर किसी ने उड़ाया मजाक, फिर अपने अभिनय से दिया जवाब, रणबीर के साथ कर चुके हैं काम]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Kumar Saurabh moved to [[Mumbai]] in 2014 to pursue acting and began his career with episodic roles in television shows, including Crime Patrol. He made his television debut with [[Tere Sheher Mein|Tere Sheher Main]] in 2015. He made his film debut with [[Laal Rang]] (2016) as Shani Baba and appeared in films such as Veerappan and Dongri Ka Raja. He later featured in films including Baaraat Company (2017), [[Baaghi 2]] (2018), [[Blank (2019 film)|Blank (2019)]], and [[Shamshera]] (2022). He has also worked in web series such as High (2020), Maharani 2 (2022) and Guns &amp; Gulaabs (2023).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=वडील म्हणायचे जन्माला आल्यावरच का मेला नाही?: बुटकेपणामुळे कित्येक रात्री रडलो, रणबीरसोबतच्या चित्रपटानंतर मिळाली ओळख | work=Divya Marathi | date=16 November 2022 | url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/dvm-originals/news/haryana-bihar-shamshera-shiksha-mandal-actor-kumar-saurabh-real-life-struggle-story-130568895.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Kumar Saurabh comes from a middle class family. He has two brothers and one sister. He has spoken about facing body shaming during his early life due to his short stature. He is unmarried and reside in [[Mumbai|Mumbai, Maharastra]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/katihar/news/kumar-saurabh-of-hasanganj-is-making-a-splash-with-his-acting-130363268.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hindi Movie Actor Kumar Saurabh Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/movie-actor/kumar-saurabh |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+FIlms <br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Role<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |[[Laal Rang]]<br /> |Shani Baba<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-11-07 |title='UT69' actor Kumar Saurabh says Raj Kundra has a hunger for acting: 'You cannot tell that he has not acted before' - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ut69-actor-kumar-saurabh-says-raj-kundra-has-a-hunger-for-acting-you-cannot-tell-that-he-has-not-acted-before-exclusive/articleshow/105046949.cms |access-date=2026-04-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |[[Veerappan (2016 film)|Veerappan]]<br /> |Ganga Man<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;[https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/movie-actor/kumar-saurabh Hindi Movie Actor Kumar Saurabh Biography, News, Photos, Videos | NETTV4U]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |[[Dongri Ka Raja|Dongari Ka Raja]]<br /> |Goonga<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |Baarat Company<br /> |Diljala<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |[[Baaghi 2]]<br /> |Chotu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2019<br /> |[[Blank (2019 film)|Blank]]<br /> |Farooq' Neighbor<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |[[Shamshera]]<br /> |Chuha<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kumar Saurabh, who will next be seen in SonyLIVs Maharani 2 and MX Players Shikhsa Mandal, talks about his journey so far |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/creative-streak-417410/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |[[Mumbaikar (film)|Mumbaika]]<br /> |Raju<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/begusarai/news/film-actor-kumar-saurabh-was-welcomed-by-childrens-theatre-artists-134653587.html Film actor Kumar Saurabh was welcomed by children's theatre artists]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |[[UT69|UT 69]]<br /> |Asraf<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{imdbname|8441625}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Saurabh, Kumar}}<br /> [[Category:1992 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_West_Bengal_train_collision&diff=483294 2026-05-04T15:03:53Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: New New Pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Railway accident in West Bengal, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox public transit accident<br /> | name = West Bengal train collision<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = Express<br /> | pushpin_map = India<br /> | pushpin_map_alt =<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Crash location on a map of India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26.66|88.38}}<br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> | mapframe-zoom = 9<br /> | image_map_caption = Location of collision<br /> | date = {{Start date|2024|06|17|df=y}}<br /> | time = around 9:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | location = Near [[Rangapani railway station]], [[Darjeeling district]], [[West Bengal]]<br /> | location_dir =<br /> | location_city =<br /> | location_dist_km =<br /> | location_dist_mi =<br /> | country = India<br /> | line = [[Katihar–Siliguri line]]<br /> | operator = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | owner = [[Government of India]]<br /> | service =<br /> | type = [[Train collision|Rear-End Collision]], [[derailment]]<br /> | cause = Under investigation<br /> &lt;!-- Statistics --&gt;<br /> | trains = 2 trains<br /> * A [[freight train|goods train]] carrying containers (Train No. GFCJ)<br /> * [[Sealdah–Agartala Kanchanjunga Express|Kanchanjunga Express]] (Passenger Train No. 13174) between [[Agartala railway station|Agartala]] and [[Sealdah railway station|Sealdah]]<br /> | vehicles = [[WAG-9]] and [[WAP-7]] locomotive<br /> | deaths = 11&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/bengal-train-mishap-death-toll-rises-to-11-child-succumbs-to-injuries|title=Bengal train mishap: Death toll rises to 11, child succumbs to injuries|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|work=News Minute}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | passengers = <br /> | crew = <br /> | injuries = 60+<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> On 17 June 2024, two [[trains collide]]d in [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]]. A goods train collided with [[Sealdah–Agartala Kanchanjunga Express]], a passenger train near [[Rangapani railway station]]. About 11 people were killed and more than 60 were injured in the accident.<br /> <br /> == Crash ==<br /> On 17 June 2024, [[Sealdah–Agartala Kanchanjunga Express|Kanchanjunga Express]] (Train No. 13174), a passenger train with [[Sealdah]]-based [[WAP-7]] was traveling from [[Agartala railway station|Agartala]] in [[Tripura]] to [[Sealdah railway station|Sealdah]] in [[West Bengal]]. The train had left [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri Junction]], crossed [[Rangapani railway station]], a non-stopping station at 8:27&amp;nbsp;[[Indian Standard Time|IST]] and stopped some distance before the [[Chatterhat railway station]] on the [[Katihar–Siliguri line]], waiting for clearance to proceed further. At 8:45, a goods train carrying containers (Train no: GFCJ) with [[WAG-9]] electric locomotive crossed the Rangapani station and was proceeding on the same line. At 8:55, the goods train rammed the stationary passenger train from behind, causing three coaches of the Kanchenjunga Express to derail.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kanchanjunga-express-accident-initial-probe-blames-lapses-by-goods-train-crew-jalpaiguri-divisions-operating-department/cid/2028434|title=Kanchanjunga Express accident: Initial probe blames lapses by goods train crew, Jalpaiguri division's operating dept|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=20 June 2024|access-date=20 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-bound-kanchanjunga-express-hit-goods-train-bengals-siliguri-no-reports-casualties-2554068-2024-06-17|title=9 dead as goods train rams Kanchanjunga Express in Bengal, coach flung into air|work=[[India Today]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617042954/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-bound-kanchanjunga-express-hit-goods-train-bengals-siliguri-no-reports-casualties-2554068-2024-06-17|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kanchanjunga-express-collides-with-goods-train-in-west-bengals-darjeeling-rescue-on-5906662|title=9 Dead, 25 Injured After Goods Train Hits Kanchanjunga Express In Bengal|work=[[NDTV]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617045846/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kanchanjunga-express-collides-with-goods-train-in-west-bengals-darjeeling-rescue-on-5906662|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Victims ==<br /> Ten people were killed and more than 60 were injured in the collision. The [[train driver|loco pilots]] of the goods train and the train manager of Kanchanjungha Express were amongst those killed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kanchanjunga-exoress-train-accident-live-updates-bengal-darjeeling-9396945/|title=9 including loco pilot dead in collision; PM announces compensation for victims|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617062019/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kanchanjunga-exoress-train-accident-live-updates-bengal-darjeeling-9396945/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-bound-kanchanjunga-express-hit-goods-train-bengals-siliguri-no-reports-casualties-2554068-2024-06-17|title=9 dead as goods train rams Kanchanjunga Express in Bengal, coach flung into air|work=[[India Today]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617042954/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-bound-kanchanjunga-express-hit-goods-train-bengals-siliguri-no-reports-casualties-2554068-2024-06-17|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; More than 60 people were injured and the injured were treated at [[North Bengal Medical College]] at [[Siliguri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Aftermath ==<br /> The [[Minister of Railways (India)|Railways minister]], [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]] visited the site to oversee the response.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/west-bengal-train-accident-live-updates-sealdah-kanchanjunga-express-collision-latest-news-today-17-june-2024-101718600345471.html|title=Railway minister visits site|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617051949/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/west-bengal-train-accident-live-updates-sealdah-kanchanjunga-express-collision-latest-news-today-17-june-2024-101718600345471.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] announced a compensation of {{INRconvert|10|l}} for the dead, {{INRconvert|2.5|l}} for those seriously injured and {{INRconvert|50|k}} for those with minor injuries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kanchanjungha-express-goods-train-accident-live-updates-dead-injured-collision-newrjalpaiguri-bengal-helpline-number-11718599520428.html|title=West Bengal Train Accident: ₹10 lakh ex-gratia announced|work=Live Mint|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617080653/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kanchanjungha-express-goods-train-accident-live-updates-dead-injured-collision-newrjalpaiguri-bengal-helpline-number-11718599520428.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] announced a compensation of {{INRconvert|2|l}} for the dead and {{INRconvert|50|k}} for the injured from the [[Prime Minister's National Relief Fund]] (PMNRF).&lt;ref name=&quot;PM&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kanchanjunga-express-derailed-pm-modi-offers-condolences-railway-minister-vaishnaw-heads-to-west-bengal/articleshow/111052489.cms?from=mdr|title=PM Modi offers condolences, Railway minister Vaishnaw heads to West Bengal|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618052556/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kanchanjunga-express-derailed-pm-modi-offers-condolences-railway-minister-vaishnaw-heads-to-west-bengal/articleshow/111052489.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Chief Minister of Tripura]] [[Manik Saha]] announced a compensation of {{INRconvert|2|l}} for the victims who were from Tripura.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> More than 19 trains were cancelled and 22 train were diverted in the aftermath of the crash.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/19-trains-cancelled-as-kanchanjunga-express-accident-disrupts-service-full-list-101718616036182.html|title=19 trains cancelled as Kanchanjunga Express accident disrupts service|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617100755/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/19-trains-cancelled-as-kanchanjunga-express-accident-disrupts-service-full-list-101718616036182.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rail traffic on the line towards [[Guwahati]] resumed in the evening on the same day and the other line was restored on the morning of 18 June.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-services-fully-restored-at-west-bengal-crash-site-where-10-died-5917544|title=Train Services Fully Restored At West Bengal Crash Site Where 10 Died|work=[[NDTV]]|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618144007/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-services-fully-restored-at-west-bengal-crash-site-where-10-died-5917544|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/several-trains-cancelled-diverted-after-kanchenjunga-express-train-mishap-in-west-bengal/article68302556.ece|title=Kanchanjunga Express train accident: 26-km diversion for 22 passenger trains|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618040918/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/several-trains-cancelled-diverted-after-kanchenjunga-express-train-mishap-in-west-bengal/article68302556.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Causes ==<br /> The chairman of the [[Railway Board]] said that the operator of the goods train ignored multiple red signals, which might have caused the crash.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/kanchenjunga-train-mishap-seems-the-goods-train-disregarded-the-signal-prima-facie-human-error/amp_podcast/111056244.cms|title=Seems the goods train disregarded the signal; Prima facie human error|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; The train operators union criticised the statement as premature.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/what-caused-kanchenjunga-express-crash-railway-board-cites-human-error-ground-info-indicates-signal-glitch/articleshow/111073334.cms|title=What caused Kanchenjunga Express crash? Railway board cites human error, ground info indicates signal glitch|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618052555/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/what-caused-kanchenjunga-express-crash-railway-board-cites-human-error-ground-info-indicates-signal-glitch/articleshow/111073334.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Railway sources said the cause of the incident may have been a faulty automatic signal, which was defective since 5:50 IST.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kanchanjunga-express-accident-signal-had-been-defective-since-5-50-am-says-a-railway-source/articleshow/111056481.cms?from=mdr|title=Kanchanjunga Express accident: Signal had been defective since 5.50 am, says a railway source|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617114721/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kanchanjunga-express-accident-signal-had-been-defective-since-5-50-am-says-a-railway-source/articleshow/111056481.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The trains were not equipped with [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]], a collision avoidance system designed by [[Indian Railways]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kanchanjungha-express-train-accident-live-updates-goods-train-west-bengal-new-jalpaiguri/article68299231.ece|title=Kavach system not in place on mishap route, says Railway Board Railway sources|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617053847/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kanchanjungha-express-train-accident-live-updates-goods-train-west-bengal-new-jalpaiguri/article68299231.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Preliminary investigation revealed that the trains were issued manual clearances called TA 912 by the station master of the Rangapani station to ignore the faulty signals. The passenger train had traveled some distance from the station and was stationery on the track, awaiting further clearance. In case of a signal failure, Indian railway rules (GS&amp;R 9.02) stipulate that the loco pilots should operate at speeds less than {{cvt|10|kph}}, wait for one minute at each red signal and ensure that the track is visually clear for at least {{cvt|150|m}} before proceeding.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|url=https://iritm.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1681379676848-NR%20G%20and%20SR.pdf|title=General and Subsidiary rules|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=21 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; A T/A 912 clearance is typically granted when there are no other obstructions present along the section and is used to override the stipulated rules. Hence, the manual clearance issued to the goods train placed it on a collision course with the stationary passenger train and excessive speed was also considered as a contributing factor to the eventual accident.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kanchanjunga-accident-locopilot-of-goods-train-had-authority-to-cross-all-signals-in-red/article68300643.ece|title=Kanchanjunga accident: locopilot of goods train had authority to cross all signals in red|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618014222/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kanchanjunga-accident-locopilot-of-goods-train-had-authority-to-cross-all-signals-in-red/article68300643.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kanchanjunga-express-accident-human-error-or-signal-failure-what-led-to-kanchanjunga-train-accident-5913528|title=Human Error Or Signal Failure: What Led To Kanchanjunga Train Accident|work=[[NDTV]]|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618041830/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kanchanjunga-express-accident-human-error-or-signal-failure-what-led-to-kanchanjunga-train-accident-5913528|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=17 June 2024 |title=Kanchanjunga accident: Goods driver was cleared to pass red signals, say sources |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kanchanjunga-express-accident-bengal-goods-train-driver-cleared-to-cross-red-signals-2554429-2024-06-17 |access-date=18 June 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618010036/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kanchanjunga-express-accident-bengal-goods-train-driver-cleared-to-cross-red-signals-2554429-2024-06-17 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 21 June 2024, [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]] banned the issuance of T/A 912 until further notice.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSR&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kanchanjunga Express accident: ECR suspends issuing of T/A 912, directs drivers to maintain caution|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/kanchanjunga-express-accident-ecr-suspends-issuing-of-ta-912-directs-drivers-to-maintain-caution-3076742|date=22 June 2024|access-date=22 June 2024|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reactions ==<br /> [[President of India|Indian President]] [[Draupadi Murmu]] said she would pray for the speedy recovery of the injured.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kanchanjungha-express-train-accident-live-updates-kanchanjungha-express-goods-train-collide-in-darjeeling-rescue-ops-on-5906811|title=Kanchanjunga Express Accident Highlights: PM Takes Stock, Rail Minister Reaches On Bike|work=[[NDTV]]|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618013651/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kanchanjungha-express-train-accident-live-updates-kanchanjungha-express-goods-train-collide-in-darjeeling-rescue-ops-on-5906811|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 17 June, Prime Minister Modi offered his condolences and said that rescue operations were underway.&lt;ref name=&quot;PM&quot;/&gt; [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] offered his condolences and criticised the central government for mismanaging the ministry of railways.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kanchanjunga-express-accident-mallikarjun-kharge-slams-modi-govt-says-utter-mismanagement-of-railway-ministry/articleshow/111056766.cms?from=mdr|title=Kanchanjunga Express accident: Mallikarjun Kharge slams Modi govt, says 'utter mismanagement' of railway ministry|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617101845/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kanchanjunga-express-accident-mallikarjun-kharge-slams-modi-govt-says-utter-mismanagement-of-railway-ministry/articleshow/111056766.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Railway minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said that a thorough investigation would be conducted.&lt;ref name=&quot;HT&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kanchanjunga-express-accident-railways-to-hold-inquiry-into-west-bengal-train-mishap-on-june-19/articleshow/111075542.cms?from=mdr|title=Kanchanjunga Express Accident: Railways to hold inquiry into West Bengal train mishap on June 19|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618083954/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kanchanjunga-express-accident-railways-to-hold-inquiry-into-west-bengal-train-mishap-on-june-19/articleshow/111075542.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[West Bengal Chief Minister]] [[Mamata Banerjee]] said that the state is helping with the rescue operations and criticised the central government for not focusing on passenger safety.&lt;ref name=&quot;HT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-bloc-pans-government-over-bengal-train-accident-only-cares-about-elections-101718627365386.html|title=INDIA bloc pans government over Bengal train accident: Only cares about elections|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=17 June 2024|access-date=17 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617125339/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-bloc-pans-government-over-bengal-train-accident-only-cares-about-elections-101718627365386.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India|Trains}}<br /> * [[List of rail accidents (2020–present)]]<br /> * [[List of railway accidents and incidents in India]]<br /> *[[2023 Odisha train collision]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Commons-inline}}<br /> <br /> {{Railway accidents and incidents in 2024}}<br /> {{Disasters in India in 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:West Bengal train collision, 2024}}<br /> [[Category:2024 disasters in India]]<br /> [[Category:2024 in West Bengal|Train collision]]<br /> [[Category:June 2024 in India]]<br /> [[Category:Railway accidents in 2024]]<br /> [[Category:Derailments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in West Bengal|2024]]<br /> [[Category:Train collisions in India]]<br /> [[Category:Darjeeling district]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drishyam&diff=497734 2026-05-01T11:17:08Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: Starting A Article</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2013 Indian film by Jeethu Joseph}}<br /> {{About|2013 film|the 2015 remake in Hindi|Drishyam (2015 film)|other uses|Drishyam (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{good article}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Drishyam<br /> | image = DrishyamMovie.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | alt = Poster featuring Mohanlal, Meena, Esther and Ansiba walking<br /> | director = [[Jeethu Joseph]]<br /> | producer = [[Antony Perumbavoor]]<br /> | writer = Jeethu Joseph<br /> | starring = {{unbulleted list<br /> | [[Mohanlal]]<br /> | [[Meena (actress)|Meena]]<br /> | [[Asha Sarath]]<br /> | [[Ansiba Hassan]]<br /> | [[Esther Anil]]<br /> | [[Roshan Basheer]]<br /> }}&lt;!--See talk page before changing--&gt;<br /> | narrator = <br /> | music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br /&gt;Vinu Thomas&lt;br&gt; [[Anil Johnson]]&lt;br /&gt;'''Score:'''&lt;br /&gt;Anil Johnson<br /> | cinematography = [[Sujith Vaassudev]]<br /> | editing = Ayoob Khan<br /> | studio = [[Aashirvad Cinemas]]<br /> | distributor = [[Maxlab Cinemas and Entertainments]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2013|12|19|df=yes|India}}&lt;!--See Template:Infobox film instructions. Parameter should be limited to first release in origin nation.--&gt;<br /> | runtime = 164 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget = {{INR|3.5{{ndash}}5 crore|link=yes}}{{efn|Gautaman Bhaskaran of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' claims the film's budget as {{INR}} 3.5 crore&lt;ref name=&quot;Gautaman Bhaskaran&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gautaman |date=9 January 2014 |title=Mohanlal's aam aadmi is a surprise hit in Drishyam |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/mohanlal-s-aam-aadmi-is-a-surprise-hit-in-drishyam/article1-1170864.aspx |access-date=12 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310084453/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/mohanlal-s-aam-aadmi-is-a-surprise-hit-in-drishyam/article1-1170864.aspx |archive-date=10 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sify]] claims the budget of the film to be {{INR}}4.5 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 February 2014 |title='Drishyam' celebrates 50 days, strikes gold at box-office |work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-celebrates-50-days-strikes-gold-at-box-office-news-national-ocgtaxiabchsi.html |access-date=14 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009174842/http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-celebrates-50-days-strikes-gold-at-box-office-news-national-ocgtaxiabchsi.html |archive-date=9 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] claims it to be {{INR}}5 crore&lt;ref name=&quot;Balachander&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2014 |title=Balachander lauds Drishyam, salutes Mohanlal |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/balachander-lauds-drishyam-salutes-mohanlal/article1-1174906.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806034926/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/balachander-lauds-drishyam-salutes-mohanlal/article1-1174906.aspx |archive-date=6 August 2015 |access-date=11 April 2014 |url-status=dead |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Do not remove--&gt;{{estimation}}&lt;!--per discussion at WP:ICTF--&gt;{{INR|62 crore|link=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Top highest grossing Mollywood films worldwide; 2018 tops with 143 crores in 20 days |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-highest-grossing-mollywood-films-worldwide-2018-tops-with-143-crores-in-20-days-1222765 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Drishyam''''' ({{translation|Visual}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[crime thriller film]] written and directed by [[Jeethu Joseph]]. It stars [[Mohanlal]] alongside [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Ansiba Hassan]], [[Esther Anil]], [[Asha Sharath]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]], [[Roshan Basheer]] and [[Neeraj Madhav]]. The film was produced by [[Antony Perumbavoor]] under [[Aashirvad Cinemas]]. The film follows the struggle of Georgekutty and his family, who come under suspicion when Varun Prabhakar, the son of the [[Inspector-General of Police|IG]] Geetha Prabhakar, goes missing. A sequel titled ''[[Drishyam 2]]'' was released in 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-06 |title=Kerala Film Chamber decides against reopening of theatres |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kerala-film-chamber-decides-against-reopening-of-theatres-7135447/ |access-date=2021-07-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126033016/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kerala-film-chamber-decides-against-reopening-of-theatres-7135447/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Principal photography]] commenced in October 2013 in [[Thodupuzha]], where the film was extensively shot. The cinematography was handled by [[Sujith Vaassudev]] whilst the film was edited by Ayoob Khan. The soundtrack was composed by [[Anil Johnson]] and Vinu Thomas. <br /> <br /> ''Drishyam'' was released on 19 December 2013. The film received widespread critical acclaim with critics praising the cast performance, story, screenplay, and direction. It was the first Malayalam film to collect {{INR|link=yes}}50 crore. The film grossed over {{INR|link=no}}62 crore worldwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Top highest grossing Mollywood films worldwide; 2018 tops with 143 crores in 20 days |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-highest-grossing-mollywood-films-worldwide-2018-tops-with-143-crores-in-20-days-1222765 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It ran in theatres for more than 150 days. It also became the longest-running film in the [[United Arab Emirates]], running for 125 days. The film remained the highest-grossing Malayalam film of all time until it was surpassed by ''[[Pulimurugan]]'' in 2016. It remained among the top 10 [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films|highest-grossing Malayalam films of all time]] for a decade. <br /> <br /> ''Drishyam'' won numerous accolades, including the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]] and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film&amp;nbsp;– Malayalam]]. The film was also screened at the [[International Film Festival of India|45th International Film Festival of India]] and the [[Asian Film Festival|8th Asian Film Festival]]. ''Drishyam'' has been remade into several languages including four regional languages which were ''[[Drishya]]'' (2014) in [[Kannada]], ''[[Drushyam]]'' (2014) in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], ''[[Papanasam (film)|Papanasam]]'' (2015) in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and ''[[Drishyam (2015 film)|Drishyam]]'' (2015) in [[Hindi]]. Internationally, it was remade in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] language as ''[[Dharmayuddhaya]]'' (2017) and in [[Chinese language|Chinese]] as ''[[Sheep Without a Shepherd]]'' (2019). A [[Korean language|Korean]] remake was announced,&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mohanlal's 'Drishyam' to be remade in Indonesian |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/big-update-mohanlal-jeethu-josephs-drishyam-to-get-an-indonesian-remake/articleshow/86284816.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indianexpress.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2020 |title=Wu Sha: The Chinese remake of Mohanlal starrer Drishyam is minting moolah |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-drishyam-chinese-remake-box-office-6228054/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412131241/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-drishyam-chinese-remake-box-office-6228054/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2020 |title=Wu Sha: The Chinese remake of Mohanlal starrer Drishyam is minting moolah |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-drishyam-chinese-remake-box-office-6228054/ |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; making it the first Indian film to be remade in that language.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramachandran&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=21 May 2023 |title=Korean Remake of India's 'Drishyam' Franchise Set at Panorama, Anthology |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/drishyam-remake-anthology-panorama-korea-india-1235620347/ |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521141216/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/drishyam-remake-anthology-panorama-korea-india-1235620347/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] remake was announced in September 2021,&lt;ref name=&quot;Indonesian&quot;/&gt; making it the first Indian film to be remade in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]; however, there has been no update on the remake since.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India&quot;/&gt; An [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|English]] language remake has been announced by [[Panorama Studios]] in 2024 with [[United States|U.S]]. companies Gulfstream Pictures and JOAT Films.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety&quot;/&gt; The [[Spanish language|Spanish]] remake was announced at the 2026 International Film Festival of Delhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spanish&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Georgekutty started out as an orphan who had dropped out of school after his 4th grade. He is now a [[businessperson|businessman]] running a cable television service in the village of [[Rajakkad]]. He is married to Rani and they have two daughters Anju and Anu. His only interest apart from his family is watching films, as he spends most of his time in front of the [[Television|TV]] in his small office. Due to his knowledge of the films, he is respected by the locals.<br /> <br /> During a [[Camping|nature camp]], Anju gets photographed in the bathroom by a hidden cell phone held by Varun Prabhakar, who is the spoiled son of [[Inspector General of Police]] Geetha Prabhakar. Varun meets Anju and blackmails her to get nude with him and have sex with him. That same night, he arrives at their house, but Rani is informed by Anju and pleads Varun to leave Anju alone. He agrees on the condition that Rani have sex with him instead. In an attempt to destroy Varun's phone, Anju accidentally strikes Varun in the head, killing him. They bury his body in a [[Compost|compost pit]], which is witnessed by Anu. Rani informs Georgekutty about the incident and he devises a way to save his family from the police. He removes the broken phone and disposes of Varun's car, which is seen by the local police constable Sahadevan, who holds a grudge against Georgekutty. As Georgekutty takes his family on a trip to attend a religious retreat, a movie and a [[restaurant]], Geetha starts an investigation upon learning that Varun has gone missing.<br /> <br /> After a preliminary investigation, Geetha calls Georgekutty and his family for questioning. Georgekutty had predicted that this would happen and coached his family about their alibi at the time of murder. When questioned individually, they reply the same thing and they had also shown the bill of the restaurant, the movie's and [[bus]] journey's tickets as a proof of their alibi. Geetha questions the owners of the establishments they have been to and their statements prove Georgekutty's alibi. However, Geetha realises that on the day of the incident, Georgekutty had taken the tickets and the bill, made acquaintance with the owners and had gone for the trip with his family the next day, thus proving his alibi and making the owners unwittingly tell the lie.<br /> <br /> Georgekutty and his family are arrested and Sahadevan brutally tortures them, including Anu to make the truth come out. Geetha learns from Varun's friend Alex about Anju's video created by Varun. Eventually, Anu gives in and reveals the place where the body is buried. After digging the compost pit, they find the carcass of a [[Cattle|cow]], indicating that Georgekutty had moved the body. Before Geetha and Sahadevan could react to it, Georgekutty and Anu go to the media and complain of Sahadevan's torture against his family. Enraged, Sahadevan tries to attack the family again, but Rani's brother Rajesh and the villagers saves them and subdue Sahadevan, who later ends up being suspended while Geetha resigns from her post. Geetha and her husband Prabhakar meet Georgekutty to ask forgiveness for their rude and violent behavior and of their son's perverted behaviour, but Georgekutty suspects there might be foul play involved and still does not reveal directly about Varun's death. Georgekutty, now on remand, signs a register at the newly constructed local police station and leaves. As the police inspector tells him that he will find the body and that the police are not fools, Georgekutty replies by telling the officer he believes that the police are there to help the people.<br /> <br /> As he exits the police station, it is revealed that Georgekutty had buried Varun's body beneath the newly built police station.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Mohanlal]] as Georgekutty, a [[cable TV]] operator <br /> * [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Rani George, Georgekutty's wife<br /> * [[Ansiba Hassan]] as Anju George, Georgekutty and Rani's elder daughter <br /> * [[Esther Anil]] as Anu George, Georgekutty and Rani's younger daughter <br /> * [[Asha Sharath]] as [[Inspector general|IG]] Geetha Prabhakar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br /> * [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Prabhakar, Geetha's husband<br /> * [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] as [[Constable]] Sahadevan<br /> * [[Roshan Basheer]] as Varun Prabhakar, Geetha and Prabhakar's son <br /> * [[Neeraj Madhav]] as Monichan, Georgekutty's assistant <br /> * [[Irshad (actor)|Irshad]] as [[Sub-inspector |SI]] Suresh Babu<br /> * [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as [[Head Constable]] Madhavan Nair<br /> * [[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Sulaiman / Sulaimanikka, a tea shop owner <br /> * [[P. Sreekumar]] as Rani's father <br /> * [[Shobha Mohan]] as Rani's mother <br /> * [[Aneesh G. Menon]] as Rajesh, Rani's brother<br /> * [[Pradeep (Malayalam actor)|Pradeep Chandran]] as new [[sub-inspector|Sub Inspector of Police]]<br /> * [[Antony Perumbavoor]] as Antony, a police officer <br /> * [[Koottickal Jayachandran]] as Murali, a bus conductor <br /> * [[Kalabhavan Haneef]] as theatre operator <br /> * [[Kalabhavan Rahman]] as bus conductor <br /> * [[Balaji Sarma]] as Restaurant owner <br /> * Sony Solomon as lodge owner <br /> * Baiju V. K. as Soman, Georgekutty's friend and contractor <br /> * [[Nisha Sarang]] as school principal<br /> * [[Mela Raghu]] as Raghu, Sulaiman's helper in tea shop<br /> * Arun Panackal as Alex, Varun's friend <br /> * [[Jeethu Joseph]] as contractor of police station<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> <br /> === Development ===<br /> In July 2013, it was reported that [[Jeethu Joseph]] will be directing a film titled ''My Family'' with [[Mohanlal]] in the lead.&lt;ref&gt;NR (8 July 2013). {{Cite web |date=8 July 2013 |title=Mohanlal in Jithu Joseph's movie |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/malayalam/mohanlal-in-jithu-josephs-movie/74067/story.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706105345/http://www.nowrunning.com/malayalam/mohanlal-in-jithu-josephs-movie/74067/story.htm |archive-date=6 July 2014 |website=Now Running}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2013, Jeethu clarified that the film was titled ''Drishyam''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 August 2013 |title=Jeethu's Mohanlal film is 'Drishyam |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jeethu-s-mohanlal-film-is-drishyam-news-malayalam-nizlvhhaigb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921214309/http://www.sify.com/movies/jeethu-s-mohanlal-film-is-drishyam-news-malayalam-nizlvhhaigb.html |archive-date=21 September 2015 |access-date=20 December 2013 |url-status=dead |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A thread similar to that of ''Drishyam'' has been with the director since the early 1990s. He was inspired by a conversation he had overheard about the plight of two families involved in a legal battle.&lt;ref name=&quot;Interview1&quot;&gt;Rajaneesh Vilakudy (24 December 2013). {{Cite web |title=Mohanlal's Xmas release has Kerala hooked |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Mohanlals-Xmas-release-has-Kerala-hooked/articleshow/27862036.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203100553/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/Mohanlals-Xmas-release-has-Kerala-hooked/articleshow/27862036.cms |archive-date=3 February 2015 |access-date=27 January 2013 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jeethu had penned the story of ''Drishyam'' even before ''[[Memories (2013 film)|Memories]]'' (2013).&lt;ref&gt;Deepa Gauri (26 September 2013). {{Cite web |title=Maximum risk |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=/data/citytimes/2013/September/citytimes_September233.xml&amp;section=citytimes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928085425/http://khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Fcitytimes%2F2013%2FSeptember%2Fcitytimes_September233.xml&amp;section=citytimes |archive-date=28 September 2013 |access-date=26 December 2013 |website=[[Khaleej Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; He says, &quot;I started working on the subject some two years back. But I wanted to stick to the planned order and hence postponed the project till I finished ''Memories''&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;prod4&quot;&gt;Sivalakshmi Roshith (5 September 2013). {{Cite web |title=Rural Snapshots |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Rural-Snapshots/2013/09/05/article1769045.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229111803/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Rural-Snapshots/2013/09/05/article1769045.ece |archive-date=29 December 2013 |access-date=26 December 2013 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The script was initially planned to be filmed by another director but since that director could not find a producer, Jeethu took back the script and decided to direct it himself.&lt;ref&gt;Mythily Ramachandran (26 December 2013). {{Cite web |title='Drishyam' speaks of a family's fortitude |url=http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/celebrity/drishyam-speaks-of-a-family-s-fortitude-1.1270462 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101054836/http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/celebrity/drishyam-speaks-of-a-family-s-fortitude-1.1270462 |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=26 December 2013 |website=[[Gulf News]] |date=26 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Drishyam contrasts from the director's previous films. He says, &quot;Different films require different treatment. I toiled hard while filming ''Memories'' as the film was full of twists and turns and the handling of the subject mattered a lot. But ''Drishyam'' is a complete script-oriented film that does not require any special effort. We shot the film sticking completely to the script, and the shooting was completed effortlessly.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;prod2&quot;&gt;Parvathy Nambidi (19 December 2013). {{Cite web |title=Drishyam: On a Family Outing |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Drishyam-On-a-Family-Outing/2013/12/19/article1953585.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824061032/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Drishyam-On-a-Family-Outing/2013/12/19/article1953585.ece |archive-date=24 August 2014 |access-date=20 December 2013 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Casting ===<br /> Jeethu had initially approached [[Mammootty]] to play the lead, but he was unable to commit and asked Jeethu to proceed with the film with another actor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Soman |first=Deepa |date=18 October 2014 |title=Mammootty has always been supportive : says Jeethu Joseph |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Mammootty-has-always-been-supportive-says-Jeethu-Joseph/articleshow/28138765.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018153709/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Mammootty-has-always-been-supportive-says-Jeethu-Joseph/articleshow/28138765.cms |archive-date=18 October 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; According to the director, Mammootty was instrumental in casting actress [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] for the film.&lt;ref name=Interview1 /&gt; The director, in an interview with ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', stated that he wrote the screenplay with Mohanlal in mind and that the character was tailor-made for Mohanlal.&lt;ref name=prod2 /&gt; He later added that no changes were made in the script when Mohanlal agreed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 December 2013 |title=Mohanlal Replaced Mammootty In Drishyam, Says Jeethu Joseph |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/mohanlal-replaced-mammootty-in-drishyam-says-director-jeethu-joseph-127518.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040848/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/mohanlal-replaced-mammootty-in-drishyam-says-director-jeethu-joseph-127518.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |website=Oneindia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]], who previously worked in the industry as a comedian and the sidekick of the lead actors, was chosen for the main antagonistic role. The director stated, &quot;I had two-three actors in mind, but at last decided to pick Shajon. I was very clear that I did not want anyone who has played negative characters so far to do the role. Shajon was a total revelation.&quot;&lt;ref name=Interview1 /&gt; [[Roshan Basheer]], who debuted through ''[[Plus Two (film)|Plus Two]]'' (2010), was chosen after conducting a screen test.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sam |first=Serin |date=24 December 2013 |title=An all-new experience for Roshan Basheer |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131224/entertainment-mollywood/article/all-new-experience-roshan-basheer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226072029/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131224/entertainment-mollywood/article/all-new-experience-roshan-basheer |archive-date=26 December 2013 |url-status=live |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asha Sarath was later signed for the role of a police officer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2013 |title=Asha Sarath to play a cop |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Asha-Sarath-to-play-a-cop/articleshow/24855461.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009042057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Asha-Sarath-to-play-a-cop/articleshow/24855461.cms |archive-date=9 October 2017 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Child actors [[Ansiba Hassan]] and [[Esther Anil]], along with [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Irshad (actor)|Irshad]], [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] and Koottickal Jayachandran were also cast to play major supporting roles.&lt;ref name=prod2 /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Filming ===<br /> [[File:Thodupuzha Old Bridge.JPG|thumb|Film was shot in [[Thodupuzha]]]]<br /> ''Drishyam'' commenced [[principal photography]] in the first week of October 2013. Mohanlal joined the sets only from 10 October.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2013 |title='Drishyam' to start soon |url=http://www.sify.com/mobile/movies/drishyam-to-start-soon-news-malayalam-nj0jcBgjafc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226110909/http://www.sify.com/mobile/movies/drishyam-to-start-soon-news-malayalam-nj0jcBgjafc.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 |url-status=dead |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was shot at [[Thodupuzha]] in [[Kerala]].&lt;ref name=prod2 /&gt; The road-side house shown in the film, which was a major location, is situated at [[Vazhithala]], near Thodupuzha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vijay George |date=21 November 2013 |title=On Location: Drishyam—The family guy's predicament |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/on-location-drishyam-the-family-guys-predicament/article5375009.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628114231/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/on-location-drishyam-the-family-guys-predicament/article5375009.ece |archive-date=28 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; The shooting had to be halted for a while as Meena fainted on the location.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2013 |title=Meena faints while shooting |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Meena-faints-while-shooting/articleshow/24585467.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009042057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Meena-faints-while-shooting/articleshow/24585467.cms |archive-date=9 October 2017 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Drishyam'' was initially planned to be filmed in 52 days, though it was completed in 44 days.&lt;ref name=Interview1 /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Themes ==<br /> A reviewer from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, &quot;The film takes off as a typical family drama. The first half of the film is intentionally slow-paced and shows to the audience the lighter moments in the family of Georgekutty. This half combines the elements of [[drama film|drama]] and [[comedy film|comedy]] genres. The audience gets completely absorbed in the twist of events that begin to unfold from the end of the first half. The second half is more like a thriller and is about how the family, despite the vengeful villainy of a corrupt cop, stands its ground even as the law takes its course.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu Review&quot; /&gt; When asked whether this change in narrative style post-interval was intentional, Jeethu replied: &quot;I really don't understand when people say the first half lacked pace. A story or a film has its own way of progression and it does travel in a zig-zag away, capturing all the ups and downs of our lives. Right from the start if you accelerate the pace, sooner or later, the story-telling will lose its steam.&quot;&lt;ref name=Interview1 /&gt;<br /> <br /> When asked whether he had kicked off a new genre in Malayalam—family thriller, a genre which combines the elements of a family drama and [[thriller (genre)|thriller]], Jeethu replied, &quot;I still believe it belongs to the genre 'drama', not a thriller.&quot;&lt;ref name=Interview1 /&gt; He also stated in another interview, &quot;We usually brand a film as a thriller, simply because there is some mystery in the narrative or the story unfolds through an investigation. But I don't subscribe to this. Although there are some twists in the tale and some suspense as well, ''Drishyam'' is essentially the story of a family.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=George |first=Vijay |date=26 December 2013 |title=One for the family |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/one-for-the-family/article5479778.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227180202/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/one-for-the-family/article5479778.ece |archive-date=27 December 2013 |website=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film has also been said to be inspired by ''[[The Devotion of Suspect X]]'', a Japanese novel written by [[Keigo Higashino]]. Ekta Kapoor, who had purchased the Hindi movie rights of the novel, sent a legal notice to the makers of the film. However, the director clarified, &quot;After Ekta's legal team sent us the letter, I watched the Japanese film, ''[[Suspect X]]'', which is an adaptation of the Japanese novel. There could be similarities between my film and that Japanese film, but my film is neither an adaptation nor a copy. The Japanese film is also about a murder cover-up and hence the allegation. Similarities are quite common in the works of creators and that shouldn't be made into an issue.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2014 |title=Drishyam director responds to Ekta Kapoor's legal notice |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Drishyam-director-responds-to-Ekta-Kapoors-legal-notice/articleshow/38802704.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617025728/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Drishyam-director-responds-to-Ekta-Kapoors-legal-notice/articleshow/38802704.cms |archive-date=17 June 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Rashomon]]'' (1950) was also cited as an inspiration for the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=4 March 2014 |title=My script for 'Drishyam' is original, says Jeethu Joseph |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/my-script-for-drishyam-is-original-says-jeethu-joseph-114030400385_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108213946/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/my-script-for-drishyam-is-original-says-jeethu-joseph-114030400385_1.html |archive-date=8 November 2015 |website=[[Business Standard]] |agency=Press Trust of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was criticised for the use of some &quot;sexist dialogues&quot; in the first half which were playing to a certain &quot;new generation&quot; audience. Sowmya Rajendran of [[Sify]] criticised the same and stated about one of such scenes in the film, &quot;it is such banter, which we often dismiss with a laugh, that helps perpetuate [[rape culture]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2014 |title=Will Drishyam be perfected in its remakes? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/will-drishyam-be-perfected-in-its-remakes-news-tamil-ob3mywfacagsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119065627/http://www.sify.com/movies/will-drishyam-be-perfected-in-its-remakes-news-tamil-ob3mywfacagsi.html |archive-date=19 November 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; When asked about this, the director replied, &quot;I firmly believe such conversations are part of our lives. I don't want to elaborate, but it also throws an insight into each character featured in the sequences. Yes, frankly, I was a bit worried how the family audience would react to those scenes. But then I read out that part of the script to a select group of women and they nodded their heads in approval.&quot;&lt;ref name=Interview1 /&gt;<br /> <br /> There were also allegations that ''Drishyam'' might provoke murder. [[Kerala]] [[Additional Director General of Police|ADGP]] [[T. P. Senkumar]] [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] claimed that two people accused of murdering a woman from [[Nilambur]] in February 2014 admitted that their methods for disposing of the victim's body and mobile phone SIM card were influenced by the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBTimesSeshagiri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seshagiri |first=Sangeetha |date=16 February 2014 |title=Nilambur Murder Case: Mohanlal-Starrer 'Drishyam' Inspired Accused to Cover-up Crime? |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/538949/20140216/nilambur-murder-case-drishyam-mohanlal-crime-coverup.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226220224/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/538949/20140216/nilambur-murder-case-drishyam-mohanlal-crime-coverup.htm |archive-date=26 February 2014 |access-date=26 February 2014 |publisher=ibtimes.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; The murder of a young girl in [[Irinjalakuda]] by her father and his mistress was also said to be influenced by ''Drishyam''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 February 2014 |title=Man Covers up Daughter's Murder in Filmy Style |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Man-Covers-up-Daughter%E2%80%99s-Murder-in-Filmy-Style/2014/10/23/article2489784.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212044609/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Man-Covers-up-Daughter%E2%80%99s-Murder-in-Filmy-Style/2014/10/23/article2489784.ece |archive-date=12 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2015 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Drishyam<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Anil Johnson]], Vinu Thomas<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | released = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|11|25}}<br /> | recorded = 2013<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = Sound Factory, [[Cochin]]<br /> | genre = [[Filmi]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=10|s=20}}<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | label = [[Muzik 247]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = <br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = <br /> | next_year = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''Drishyam''{{'s}} soundtrack album features two songs used in the film, each of them were composed by [[Anil Johnson]] and Vinu Thomas, with lyrics penned by [[Santhosh Varma]]; the former provided the background score for the film. The album was released on 25 November 2013 by [[Muzik 247]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Drishyam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=20 June 2014 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/drishyam-original-motion-picture/892928355 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117045022/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/drishyam-original-motion-picture/id892928355 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Veeyen of ''NowRunning'' noted in his review of the film that the songs &quot;have a refreshingly delightful tenor to them that deserve an applause for certain.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;NRRW&quot; /&gt; The reviewer of IndiaGlitz called the score &quot;refreshing&quot; and stated that it &quot;builds the tempo&quot; for the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;IGRW&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track list<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 10:20<br /> | title1 = Maarivil<br /> | music1 = Vinu Thomas<br /> | extra1 = [[Najim Arshad]]<br /> | length1 = 04:13<br /> | title2 = Nizhale<br /> | music2 = [[Anil Johnson]]<br /> | extra2 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]<br /> | length2 = 06:07<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ===Theatrical===<br /> ''Drishyam'' released on 19 December 2013 in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 December 2013 |title=Drishyam releases today (Dec 19) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-releases-today-dec-19-news-malayalam-nmtj7hfdhcdsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322021921/http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-releases-today-dec-19-news-malayalam-nmtj7hfdhcdsi.html |archive-date=22 March 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It also received a theatrical release in the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]] on 3 January 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Drishyam 2013 |url=http://www.blu-ray.com/Drishyam/292285/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201194433/http://www.blu-ray.com/Drishyam/292285/ |archive-date=1 December 2015 |website=Blu-ray.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was selected to be screened in the Indian Panorama at the [[International Film Festival of India|45th International Film Festival of India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=45th International Film Festival of India, 2014 |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/IP%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230110233/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/IP%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2014 |publisher=dff.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; It also screened at the [[Asian Film Festival|8th Asian Film Festival]] held in [[Jeddah]] in 2015, representing India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Irfan Mohammed |date=10 March 2015 |title=Indian movie lauded at Asian Film Festival in Jeddah |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/contributors/contributions/irfan-mohammed/Indian-movie-lauded-at-Asian-Film-Festival-in-Jeddah/articleshow/46513796.cms |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419125322/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/contributors/contributions/irfan-mohammed/Indian-movie-lauded-at-Asian-Film-Festival-in-Jeddah/articleshow/46513796.cms |archive-date=19 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Home media ===<br /> ''Drishyam'' was released on [[Blu-ray Disc]], [[DVD]] and [[VCD]] on 9 May 2014. The film created a new record in the DVD and VCD sales on the first day of release itself.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Mohanlal's Drishyam Creates New Record In DVD-VCD Sales |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/mohanlal-drishyam-creates-new-records-dvd-vcd-sales-139043.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513081742/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/news/2014/mohanlal-drishyam-creates-new-records-dvd-vcd-sales-139043.html |archive-date=13 May 2014 |access-date=14 May 2014 |publisher=[[Oneindia]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Plagiarism allegations ===<br /> In August 2014, film director Satheesh Paul filed a copyright infringement suit against the makers, saying that it had similarities to his script titled ''Oru Mazhakkalathu'', written in 2013. The court passed an order saying that the movie had [[prima facie]] similarities to Satheesh' script, but allowed the making of the Tamil version ''Papanasam'' to proceed, on the condition that the makers of ''Drishyam'' produce a {{INR}}10 lakh bank guarantee before the court to ensure the compensation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 August 2014 |title=Kerala Court Halts 'Drishyam' Tamil Remake Starring Kamal Haasan over Copyright Issue |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-court-halts-drishyam-tamil-remake-starring-kamal-haasan-over-copyright-issue-607480 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826104826/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-court-halts-drishyam-tamil-remake-starring-kamal-haasan-over-copyright-issue-607480 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The case was dismissed in March 2015 as it was proved that Jeethu had written the script in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 March 2015 |title=Plagiarism case against 'Drishyam' dismissed |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/plagiarism-case-against-drishyam-dismissed-news-malayalam-pdrkumghhejch.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224182615/http://www.sify.com/movies/plagiarism-case-against-drishyam-dismissed-news-malayalam-pdrkumghhejch.html |archive-date=24 December 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> {{multiple image<br /> &lt;!-- Essential parameters --&gt;|align = right|direction = vertical|width = <br /> &lt;!-- Image 1 --&gt;|footer = Mohanlal attracted positive reviews for his performance.|image1 = Mohanlal Viswanathan BNC.jpg|width1 = 200|alt1 =|caption1 =<br /> &lt;!-- Image 2 --&gt;|image2 =|width2 = 200|alt2 =|caption2 =}}<br /> <br /> Drishyam received widespread critical acclaim from critics. On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 95% of 6 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.4/10.<br /> <br /> ''[[Sify]]'''s reviewer rated the film as &quot;Excellent&quot; and stated, &quot;It is not often that you sit in a theatre with bated breath, never wanting to miss a moment of the film on screen. Writer director Jeethu Joseph's ''Drishyam'' is one such film, a gripping tale that leaves you spellbound with its skillful craft.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 December 2013 |title=Movie Review: Drishyam |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-review-malayalam-15045570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219171503/http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-review-malayalam-15045570.html |archive-date=19 December 2013 |url-status=dead |website=Sify.com.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Veeyen of ''NowRunning'' rated the film 3/5 and commented, &quot;In ''Drishyam'' Jeethu attempts a stunning mix of the real with the imaginary, and the result is an unpredictable cinematic artichoke that takes you by surprise at every turn.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;NRRW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 December 2013 |title=Drishyam Review |url=http://nowrunning.com/movie/13828/malayalam/drishyam/4502/review.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223031424/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/13828/malayalam/drishyam/4502/review.htm |archive-date=23 December 2013 |website=Nowrunning.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rating the film 3.5/5, Paresh C Palicha of [[Rediff.com|''Rediff'']] said, &quot;''Drishyam'' can be credited for bringing Mohanlal back to form and pushing director Jeethu Joseph into the big league as he has made a cracker of a thriller.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 December 2013 |title=Review: Drishyam is Mohanlal's film |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-drishyam-is-mohanlals-film/20131220.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220203501/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-drishyam-is-mohanlals-film/20131220.htm |archive-date=20 December 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jabir Mushthari of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote: &quot;It takes craft, intelligence, and the superior acumen of a genuine storyteller to pull off a film in such an engaging manner.&quot; He also noted that the film's &quot;thread and treatment are new to Malayalam cinema in many ways&quot; and its &quot;principles go against the set rules film goers here are familiar with&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mushthari |first=Jabir |date=22 December 2013 |title=A bold, fresh, and thoroughly engaging outing |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/a-bold-fresh-and-thoroughly-engaging-outing/article5488450.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227071420/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/a-bold-fresh-and-thoroughly-engaging-outing/article5488450.ece |archive-date=27 December 2013 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shibu B S of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, &quot;For his latest outing ''Drishyam'', Jeethu attempts a splendid mix of emotions, relationships, suspense and thrill. End result: a spectacular cinematic experience.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=B S |first=Shibu |date=22 December 2013 |title=A Spectacular Cine Experience |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/A-Spectacular-Cine-Experience/2013/12/22/article1959027.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229111527/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/A-Spectacular-Cine-Experience/2013/12/22/article1959027.ece |archive-date=29 December 2013 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalton L of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave the film a 3-star rating, writing, &quot;The limelight belongs entirely to Mohanlal. Like the versatile greats of Hollywood, this actor possesses such a vast repertoire that he isn't required to always attempt the radically new to stamp his towering persona.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=L |first=Dalton |date=22 December 2013 |title=Malayalam Movie Review: 'Drishyam' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131222/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/malayalam-movie-review-drishyam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224115436/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131222/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/malayalam-movie-review-drishyam |archive-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=live |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mythily Ramachandran wrote in her review for ''[[Gulf News]]'': &quot;''Drishyam'' is an unforgettable picture, shorn of irrational fight sequences and mindless dance numbers.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Mythily |date=1 January 2014 |title=Film review: Drishyam has the Mohanlal we love |url=http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/tabloid/film-review-drishyam-has-the-mohanlal-we-love-1.1272918 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104124124/http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/tabloid/film-review-drishyam-has-the-mohanlal-we-love-1.1272918 |archive-date=4 January 2014 |website=[[Gulf News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aswin J Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' said, &quot;''Drishyam'' is an elegantly crafted piece of film which Lal and Joseph can proudly hold close to their hearts.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Aswin J |date=22 December 2013 |title=Drishyam |url=http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/movie-reviews/drishyam/movie-review/27751094.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226001952/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/movie-reviews/drishyam/movie-review/27751094.cms |archive-date=26 December 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Unni R. Nair noted in his review for ''Kerala9.com'', &quot;The care with which the script is done, the finesse with which the direction part is executed and the characterization and performance plus the thoughtful placing of the songs makes ''Drishyam'' worth real appreciation. That the film has almost zero-'filmy' humour is also worth noting. It's the logical manner in which the story unfolds and the very convincing manner in which the characters behave makes it impressive.&quot; The critic rated the film three in a scale of five.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Unni R. |date=20 December 2013 |title=A Spectacular Cine Experience |url=http://www.kerala9.com/movie/drishyam/review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208060817/http://www.kerala9.com/movie/drishyam/review |archive-date=8 December 2015 |website=Kerala9.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''IndiaGlitz''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s reviewer rated the film 8/10 and stated, &quot;''Drishyam'' is undoubtedly cladded with exceptional story telling combined with bravura performances. An undoubtedly exceptional film as far the content is concerned, the movie is a must watch for all the audiences of family and thriller movies.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGRW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 December 2013 |title=Drishyam- This 'Drishyam' is an excellent watch |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/18187.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221010331/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/18187.html |archive-date=21 December 2013 |website=Indiaglitz.com.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Box office ===<br /> According to ''[[Sify]]'', the film &quot;started on a low key&quot; but &quot;swept the box-office&quot; from its second day of release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 December 2013 |title=Kerala Box-Office&amp;nbsp;– December/Christmas |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15046321 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119012427/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15046321 |archive-date=19 November 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film grossed {{INR}}67 million in eight days.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 December 2013 |title=ദൃശ്യം തരംഗമാകുന്നു: കളക്ഷൻ ഏഴു കോടി കവിഞ്ഞു |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/malayalam/417444/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230021441/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/malayalam/417444/ |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=31 December 2013 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 31 days, following its release, ''Drishyam'' became the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Malayalam|highest-grossing Malayalam film of all time]], beating the record of ''[[Twenty:20 (film)|Twenty:20]]'' (2008).&lt;ref name=&quot;Balachander&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mb4frames&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 January 2014 |title=കളക്ഷൻ റെക്കോർഡിൽ ചരിത്രം കുറിച്ച് ദൃശ്യം |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/malayalam/423355/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123025840/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/malayalam/423355/ |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=19 January 2014 |publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film ran for more than 150 days in Kerala,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Drishyam' celebrates 150 days |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-celebrates-150-days-imagegallery-malayalam-oforbdifibcsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318152546/http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-celebrates-150-days-imagegallery-malayalam-oforbdifibcsi.html |archive-date=18 March 2015 |access-date=21 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; with collections of over {{INR}}425 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Sree Prasad |date=14 January 2017 |title=100 days of Pulimurugan : 8 Kerala Box Office records set by Mohanlal's Rs. 150 crore blockbuster |work=Catch News |url=http://www.catchnews.com/regional-cinema/100-days-of-pulimurugan-8-kerala-box-office-records-set-by-mohanlal-s-rs-150-crore-blockbuster-1484398924.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115055130/http://www.catchnews.com/regional-cinema/100-days-of-pulimurugan-8-kerala-box-office-records-set-by-mohanlal-s-rs-150-crore-blockbuster-1484398924.html |archive-date=15 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film grossed around {{INR}}100 million from rest of India.&lt;ref name=&quot;sify.com&quot; /&gt; It ran for 100 days in [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The biggest sensation in recent times reaches its 100 |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/drishyam-completes-a-grand-100-days-today.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330184536/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/drishyam-completes-a-grand-100-days-today.html |archive-date=30 March 2014 |access-date=23 April 2014 |website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; It had a 100-day theatrical run in multiplexes in [[Mumbai]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Ahmedabad]] and [[Hyderabad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stunning 'Drishyam' completes an emphatic hundred |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/stunning-drishyam-completes-an-emphatic-hundred-8083 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424125759/http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/stunning-drishyam-completes-an-emphatic-hundred-8083 |archive-date=24 April 2014 |access-date=23 April 2014 |publisher=Metromatinee}}&lt;/ref&gt; The collection from the overseas markets was more than {{INR}}40 million, with around {{INR}}10 million from England alone.&lt;ref name=&quot;sify.com&quot; /&gt; ''Drishyam'' became the second film to complete 100 days in the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] after ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' (1997)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malayalam movie equals Titanic record in Abu Dhabi |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/malayalam-movie-equals-titanic-record-in-abu-dhabi-1.1320122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420231100/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/malayalam-movie-equals-titanic-record-in-abu-dhabi-1.1320122 |archive-date=20 April 2014 |access-date=21 April 2014 |website=Gulf News |date=16 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and later emerged as the longest running film in the UAE by completing 125 days, beating the 110 days run of ''Titanic''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 February 2017 |title=Mohanlal is the first Indian actor to achieve this feat |work=[[The News Minute]] |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohanlal-first-indian-actor-achieve-feat-57127 |url-status=live |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211125048/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohanlal-first-indian-actor-achieve-feat-57127 |archive-date=11 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sidhardhan |first=Sanjith |date=12 February 2017 |title=Mohanlal almost eclipses Leonardo DiCaprio's feat |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-almost-eclipses-leonardo-dicaprios-feat/articleshow/57107685.cms |url-status=live |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214100007/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlal-almost-eclipses-leonardo-dicaprios-feat/articleshow/57107685.cms |archive-date=14 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film completed 100 days in 60 theaters in Kerala and rest of India.&lt;ref name=&quot;sify.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title='Drishyam' celebrates 100 days |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-celebrates-100-days-news-malayalam-od2ssOhafif.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401062912/http://www.sify.com/movies/drishyam-celebrates-100-days-news-malayalam-od2ssOhafif.html |archive-date=1 April 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Drishyam'' was the first Malayalam film to collect {{INR}}500 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;50c&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 January 2014 |title=Drishyam enters ₹50 crore club |url=http://asianetindia.com/drishyam-enters-rs-50-crore-club/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304080421/http://asianetindia.com/drishyam-enters-rs-50-crore-club/ |archive-date=4 March 2014 |access-date=19 January 2014 |publisher=[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film collected {{INR}}620 million in its theatrical run worldwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Top highest grossing Mollywood films worldwide; 2018 tops with 143 crores in 20 days |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-highest-grossing-mollywood-films-worldwide-2018-tops-with-143-crores-in-20-days-1222765 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Drishyam'' held the record for box office gross until 2016 when ''[[Pulimurugan]]'' overtook it.&lt;ref name=&quot;DC750&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 November 2016 |title=Mohanlal's Pulimurugan becomes first Malayalam film to gross over 100 crore rupees |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/071116/mohanlals-pulimurugan-becomes-first-malayalam-film-to-gross-over-100-crore-rupees.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122062944/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/071116/mohanlals-pulimurugan-becomes-first-malayalam-film-to-gross-over-100-crore-rupees.html |archive-date=22 November 2016 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Accolades ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Award<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Nominee(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[2013 Kerala State Film Awards]]<br /> |[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Popular Film|Best Popular Film]]<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 April 2014 |title=Kerala State Film Awards: Mohanlal's 'Drishyam', Fahadh, Lal and Suraj Bag Awards [Complete List of Winners] |work=[[International Business Times]] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-state-film-awards-mohanlal039s-039drishyam039-fahadh-lal-and-suraj-bag-awards-complete-list-of-winners-548764 |access-date=10 October 2014 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022712/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-state-film-awards-mohanlal039s-039drishyam039-fahadh-lal-and-suraj-bag-awards-complete-list-of-winners-548764 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kerala State Film Award (Special Jury Award)|Special Jury Award]]<br /> |Kalabhavan Shajon<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[61st Filmfare Awards South]]<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Film&amp;nbsp;– Malayalam|Best Film]]<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;FFWon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2014 |title=Winners of 61st Idea Filmfare Awards South |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806153242/http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |archive-date=6 August 2015 |access-date=10 October 2014 |publisher=filmfare.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Director&amp;nbsp;– Malayalam|Best Director]]<br /> |Jeethu Joseph<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;FFNom&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2014 |title=61st Idea Filmfare Awards (South) Nomination list |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806153242/http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |archive-date=6 August 2015 |publisher=filmfare.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor&amp;nbsp;– Malayalam|Best Actor (Male)]]<br /> |Mohanlal<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress&amp;nbsp;– Malayalam|Best Actor (Female)]]<br /> |Meena<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor&amp;nbsp;– Malayalam|Best Supporting Actor (Male)]]<br /> |Siddique<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress&amp;nbsp;– Malayalam|Best Supporting Actor (Female)]]<br /> |Asha Sarath<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;FFWon&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;|[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br /> |Best Film<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIIMAWon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=SIIMA 2014 Malayalam: 'Drishyam' Gets Best Film Award; Dileep Bags Best Actor Award [Winners' List] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-malayalam-drishyam-gets-best-film-award-dileep-bags-best-actor-award-winners-list-609100 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918001525/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-malayalam-drishyam-gets-best-film-award-dileep-bags-best-actor-award-winners-list-609100 |archive-date=18 September 2014 |website=International Business Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Director<br /> |Jeethu Joseph<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor (Male)<br /> |Mohanlal<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIIMANom&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 July 2014 |title=SIIMA 2014 Malayalam Nominations: Mohanlal, Mammootty, Fahadh, Prithviraj, Dileep Get the Nod |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-malayalam-nominations-mohanlal-mammootty-fahadh-prithviraj-dileep-get-nod-604897 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322181232/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-malayalam-nominations-mohanlal-mammootty-fahadh-prithviraj-dileep-get-nod-604897 |archive-date=22 March 2016 |website=International Business Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor (Female)<br /> |Meena<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actor (Female)<br /> |Asha Sarath<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor in a Negative Role<br /> |Kalabhavan Shajon<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;SIIMAWon&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Child Actor<br /> |[[Esther Anil]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;SIIMANom&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Playback Singer (Male)<br /> |Najim Arshad<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[Amrita TV|Amrita Film Awards]]<br /> |Best Film<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amrita Film Awards |url=http://www.amritatv.com/afa2014/awardcatogories.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321013952/http://www.amritatv.com/afa2014/awardcatogories.html |archive-date=21 March 2016 |publisher=amritatv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Director<br /> |Jeethu Joseph<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor (Male)<br /> |Mohanlal<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Producer<br /> |Antony Perumbavoor<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actor (Female)<br /> |Asha Sarath<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Playback Singer (Male)<br /> |Najim Arshad<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[Asianet Film Awards]]<br /> |Best Film<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 January 2014 |title=16th Ujala Asianet Film Awards 2014&amp;nbsp;– Winners List |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/16th-ujala-asianet-film-awards-2014-winners-list-7548 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517014018/http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/16th-ujala-asianet-film-awards-2014-winners-list-7548 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |access-date=10 October 2014 |publisher=metromatinee.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Millenium Actor<br /> |Mohanlal<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actor (Male)<br /> |Siddique<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actor (Female)<br /> |Asha Sarath<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Character Actor (Female)<br /> |Meena<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor in a Negative Role<br /> |Kalabhavan Shajon<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Asiavision Awards]]<br /> |Best Popular Film<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Asiavision Movie Awards 2014&amp;nbsp;– Winners |url=http://www.asiavisionawards.com/portfolio-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074456/http://www.asiavisionawards.com/portfolio-winners/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=asiavisionawards.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actor (Male)<br /> |Siddique<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Actor (Female)<br /> |Asha Sarath<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards#2013|Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]<br /> |Best Film<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 April 2014 |title='Drishyam' Bags Kerala Film Critics Association Awards |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Drishyam-Bags-Kerala-Film-Critics-Association-Awards/2014/01/30/article2027269.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222164923/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Drishyam-Bags-Kerala-Film-Critics-Association-Awards/2014/01/30/article2027269.ece |archive-date=22 December 2014 |publisher=[[New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Director<br /> |Jeethu Joseph<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor (Male)<br /> |Mohanlal<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Choreography<br /> |Sabu Ram<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Playback Singer (Male)<br /> |Najim Arshad<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Vanitha Film Awards]]<br /> |Best Film<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 January 2014 |title=TTK Prestige-Vanitha Awards: Prithviraj, Shobana Win! |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/ttk-prestige-vanitha-awards-prithviraj-shobana-best-actor-actress-128996-pg1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061958/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/ttk-prestige-vanitha-awards-prithviraj-shobana-best-actor-actress-128996-pg1.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=Oneindia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Director<br /> |Jeethu Joseph<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Vayalar Ramavarma|Vayalar Film Awards]]<br /> |Best Script<br /> |Jeethu Joseph<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 May 2014 |title=Vayalar Film awards announced |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/best-actor-jayaram-vayalar-film-awards-announced-full-list-of-awards-8378 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508061044/http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/best-actor-jayaram-vayalar-film-awards-announced-full-list-of-awards-8378 |archive-date=8 May 2014 |access-date=7 May 2014 |website=Jerin T Sam |publisher=metromatinee.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor (Female)<br /> |Meena<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Cinematography<br /> |Sujith Vaassudev<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Jai Hind Film Awards<br /> |Best Film<br /> |Drishyam<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Director<br /> |Jeethu Joseph<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor<br /> |Mohanlal<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actress<br /> |Meena<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Character Actress<br /> |Asha Sarath<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Remakes ==<br /> ''Drishyam'' was remade into several languages. The Indian remake rights of the film were sold for {{INR}}155 million. All the versions were commercially successful. ''[[Drishya]]'' (2014) in [[Kannada]], ''[[Drushyam]]'' (2014) in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], ''[[Papanasam (film)|Papanasam]]'' (2015) in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and ''[[Drishyam (2015 film)|Drishyam]]'' (2015) in [[Hindi]]. It was also remade in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] language as ''[[Dharmayuddhaya]]'' (2017)&lt;ref name=&quot;And now in Sinhala&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 May 2016 |title=And now in Sinhala... |work=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News]] |location=Sri Lanka |url=http://dailynews.lk/2016/05/02/features/80342 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728161339/http://dailynews.lk/2016/05/02/features/80342 |archive-date=28 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in [[Chinese language|Chinese]] as ''[[Sheep Without a Shepherd]]'' (2019) thereby becoming the first Indian film to be remade in [[Mainland China]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Digital Native&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Digital Native |date=14 September 2017 |title=Mohanlal's 'Drishyam' to be remade in Chinese |work=[[The News Minute]] |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohanlals-drishyam-be-remade-chinese-68414 |access-date=14 December 2019 |archive-date=14 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214090511/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohanlals-drishyam-be-remade-chinese-68414 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indianexpress.com&quot;/&gt; The [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] remake was announced in September 2021,&lt;ref name=&quot;Indonesian&quot;&gt;{{cite tweet |number=1438519432154730500 |user=antonypbvr |title=ഇൻഡോനേഷ്യൻ ഭാഷയിലേക്ക് റീമേക്ക് ചെയ്യുന്ന ആദ്യ മലയാള ചിത്രമായി 'ദൃശ്യം' മാറിയ വിവരം സന്തോഷപൂർവം അറിയിക്കുന്നു. ജ… |date=16 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; making it the first Indian film to be remade in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]; however, there has been no update on the remake since.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India&quot;/&gt; The [[Cinema of Korea|Korean]] remake was announced in May 2023,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 May 2023 |title=Drishyam films to be remade in Korea: Panorama Studios, Anthology Studios announce partnership at Cannes Film Festival |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/drishyam-films-to-be-remade-in-korea-panorama-studios-anthology-studios-announce-partnership-at-cannes-film-festival-101684667715009.html |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521115341/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/drishyam-films-to-be-remade-in-korea-panorama-studios-anthology-studios-announce-partnership-at-cannes-film-festival-101684667715009.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; it will also be the first Indian film to be remade in [[South Korea|Korean]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramachandran&quot;/&gt; The film will be remade in English language, produced by India's [[Panorama Studios]] with [[United States|U.S]]. companies Gulfstream Pictures and JOAT Films. Gulfstream's Karz and Bindley said, “The film is a timeless thriller that has entranced audiences across the globe. We can’t wait to bring the movie to fans here in the U.S.”&lt;ref name=&quot;variety&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Patrick Frater,Naman |date=2024-02-29 |title='Drishyam,' Indian Thriller, Set for English-Language Remake |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/drishyam-indian-thriller-english-language-remake-1235926288/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The update on the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] remake was announced at the 2026 International Film Festival of Delhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spanish&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title='Drishyam's Spanish remake confirmed |work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/lifestyle/entertainment-cinema-drishyam-spanish-remake-confirmed-shooting-to-start-in-june-11286553/amp/1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightSteelBlue;&quot;|Language<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightSteelBlue;&quot;|Name<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightSteelBlue;&quot;|Cast<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightSteelBlue;&quot;|Director<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kannada]]<br /> |''[[Drishya]]'' (2014)<br /> |[[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]], [[Navya Nair]], [[Asha Sharath]]<br /> |[[P. Vasu]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> |''[[Drushyam]]'' (2014)<br /> |[[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Nadhiya]]<br /> |[[Sripriya]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |''[[Papanasam (film)|Papanasam]]'' (2015)<br /> |[[Kamal Haasan]], [[Gautami]], [[Asha Sharath]]<br /> |[[Jeethu Joseph]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Hindi]]<br /> |''[[Drishyam (2015 film)|Drishyam]]'' (2015)<br /> |[[Ajay Devgan]], [[Shriya Saran]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]<br /> |[[Nishikant Kamat]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]<br /> |''[[Dharmayuddhaya]]'' (2017)<br /> | [[Jackson Anthony]], [[Dilhani Ekanayake|Dilhani]], [[Kusum Renu]]<br /> |[[Cheyyar Ravi]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Chinese language|Mandarin Chinese]]<br /> |''[[Sheep Without a Shepherd]]'' (2019)<br /> |[[Xiao Yang (director)|Xiao Yang]], [[Tan Zhuo]], [[Joan Chen]]<br /> |Sam Quah<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Sequels ==<br /> {{Main|Drishyam 2|Drishyam 3}}<br /> <br /> Jeethu Joseph and Mohanlal were filming for ''[[Ram (film)|Ram]]'' prior to the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]], however the shooting of the film was stalled as some sequences they want to film in foreign locations, such as London and Cairo. As the crew realised that the filming would take time to continue, Jeethu decided to start the works for Sequel. Drishyam 2 was officially announced by Mohanlal on his 60th birthday, 21 May 2020. Mohanlal, Meena, Ansiba Hassan, Esther Anil, Asha Sarath, Siddique, [[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]], [[Mela Raghu]], [[Aneesh G. Menon|Aneesh G Menon]], [[Shobha Mohan]] and [[Antony Perumbavoor]] reprise their roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Balach |first=Logesh |date=2 July 2020 |title=Drishyam 2: Mohanlal's much-awaited thriller to go on floors in August |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/drishyam-2-mohanlal-s-much-awaited-thriller-to-go-on-floors-in-august-1696157-2020-07-02 |access-date=7 July 2020 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107174005/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/drishyam-2-mohanlal-s-much-awaited-thriller-to-go-on-floors-in-august-1696157-2020-07-02 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Principal photography began on 21 September 2020, and was shot for 46 days in [[Kochi]] and Thodupuzha and it was concluded on 6 November 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 September 2020 |title=Mohanlal's Drishyam 2 goes on floor and netizens can't contain their excitement |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/mohanlal-s-drishyam-2-goes-on-floor-and-netizens-can-t-contain-their-excitement-651028 |website=[[India TV]] |access-date=19 December 2020 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107174010/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/mohanlal-s-drishyam-2-goes-on-floor-and-netizens-can-t-contain-their-excitement-651028 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ദൃശ്യം 2 ഷൂട്ടിങ് അവസാനിച്ചു: 56 ദിവസത്തെ ഷെഡ്യൂൾ 46 ദിവസം കൊണ്ട് തീർന്നു |url=http://cinidiary.com/peopleinfo.php?searchtext=drishyam+2+shooting+completed;+location+stills+by+jeethu+joseph+with+mohanlal&amp;pigsection=kk&amp;picata=62 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=cinidiary.com |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released directly through the [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] platform [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 19 February 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=2 January 2021 |title='Drishyam 2' to be released on Amazon Prime |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/drishyam-2-to-be-released-on-amazon-prime/article33478967.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107174021/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/drishyam-2-to-be-released-on-amazon-prime/article33478967.ece |archive-date=7 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The third instalment in the franchise ''[[Drishyam 3]]'' was confirmed by Mohanlal on 20 February 2025. It is scheduled for a worldwide theatrical release on 21 May 2026.<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{facebook|Movie.Drishyam}}<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=3417422|title=Drishyam}}<br /> * {{rotten-tomatoes|drishyam_2013|Drishyam}}<br /> <br /> {{Drishyam}}<br /> {{Jeethu Joseph}}<br /> {{Aashirvad Cinemas}}<br /> {{Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film}}<br /> {{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]<br /> [[Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:2013 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Aashirvad Cinemas films]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam films in series]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Jeethu Joseph]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Thodupuzha]]<br /> [[Category:Films subject to a lawsuit]]<br /> [[Category:Indian intellectual property law]]<br /> [[Category:2013 controversies]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about murder]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mystery drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about miscarriage of justice]]<br /> [[Category:Indian detective films]]<br /> [[Category:Police detective films]]<br /> [[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]<br /> [[Category:Maxlab Cinemas and Entertainments films]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neena_(Tamil_actress)&diff=521495 2026-05-01T06:55:43Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: made a entry more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Neena Pillai<br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|10|02|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[India]]<br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | othername = Neena Pillai<br /> | yearsactive = (1983-2003)<br /> | spouse = Sendhilkumar<br /> }}<br /> '''Neena''' (born 2 October 1981, in Chennai) is a former Indian actress who has appeared in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film industry]]. Beginning her career as a child artiste, the actress performed in ''[[Vidukathai]]'' (1997) and later appeared in other Tamil films.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> After making a debut as the younger version of Anju's character in [[Vasanth]]'s ''[[Keladi Kanmani]]'' (1990), Neena appeared in [[Selva (director)|Selva]]'s serial drama, ''Neela Mala''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/selva.html |title=Director Selva - Behindwoods.com - Director Selva Interview - Directed Movies Ajith Kireedom Rajni Vijaykanth Vikram Dasavatharam Guru En Aalu Naan Avan illai Karna Pudaiyal Sishya Pooveli Roja Vanam James Paandu Student No.1 Aasaiyil Oor Kadidam Naan Avan Illai Thotta Subramaniapuram Images |website=Behindwoods.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite garnering offers to star in films, Neena refused several chances to appear in leading roles, before signing on to star in [[K. Balachandar]]'s production ''[[Vidukathai]]'' (1997) directed by [[Agathiyan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/97/Dec/kuttisp1.htm |title=1997-98 Kodambakkam babies Page |access-date=15 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201551/http://indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/97/Dec/kuttisp1.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=usurped }}&lt;/ref&gt; Her performance in the film won critical acclaim upon release, with a reviewer noting her &quot;acting is excellent&quot; and that she &quot;brings out every aspect of the character she is playing, especially the clear-cut deliveries of her dialogues emphasizing the inner strength of the character&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Vidukadhai_151939.html |title=Vidukadhai: Movie Review |access-date=15 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034611/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Vidukadhai_151939.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=usurped }}&lt;/ref&gt; After a few more film roles, she returned to prioritise television roles, appearing in dramas such as ''[[Chithi (TV series)|Chithi]]''. <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> In 2004 she got married and moved to Melbourne, Australia.<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 1987 || ''[[Nayakan]]'' || Saaru || child artist; uncredited&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-actress-neena-recent-photo-with-family-goes-viral-on-internet-1304713.html|title='நாயகன்’ கமல் மகள்.. நடிகை நீனாவை நினைவிருக்கா? இப்போ ஆளே மாறிட்டாங்க..!|date=11 January 2024|website=tamil.news18.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1989 || ''[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]'' || Geethanjali's younger sister || Telugu film; child artist<br /> |-<br /> | 1990 || ''[[Keladi Kanmani]]'' || Anu || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|child artist<br /> |-<br /> |1992||''[[Meera (1992 film)|Meera]]''||Bus passenger<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|1997 || ''[[Raasi (film)|Raasi]]'' || Kavitha ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vidukathai (film)|Vidukathai]]'' || Anandhi ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || ''[[Kannathal]]'' || Kannatha || <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2000 || ''[[Sudhandhiram]]'' || Neena || <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Nagalingam (film)|Nagalingam]]'' || Nagakanni ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Puratchikkaaran]]'' || Valli || <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Television==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Series Name !! Role !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 1991 || ''[[Penn (1991 TV series)|Penn]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || ''Jeyupathu Nejam'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1998-99|| ''Ippadikki Thendral'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | 2000-2001 || ''[[Chithi (TV series)|Chithi]]'' || Kaveri Madhavan || <br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''Annamalai'' || Young Annamalai || <br /> |-<br /> | 2002-2004 || Varam || Ranjini ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:1981 births]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soumitra_Dutta&diff=536769 2026-04-21T13:06:21Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: adding a stub added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian academic and author}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | honorific_prefix = Professor<br /> | name = Soumitra Dutta<br /> | image =Soumitra Dutta Portrait Cornell.jpg<br /> | image_size = 150px<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | education = [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;([[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech.]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> [[University of California, Berkeley]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;([[Master of Science|M.S.]], [[Ph.D.]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | occupation = University Dean, academic, author and entrepreneur<br /> | spouse = [[Lourdes Casanova]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Soumitra Dutta''' is an Indian academic, author and entrepreneur. He was the dean of [[Saïd Business School]] at the [[University of Oxford]] from June 2022 to September 2025 when he resigned.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Oxford’s Business School Names Interim Leader After Dean Resigns |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-09-11/leader-of-oxford-university-s-said-business-school-soumitra-dutta-resigns |access-date=2025-09-11|website=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sbs.ox.ac.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=University of Oxford appoints new Dean for Saïd Business School {{!}} Saïd Business School |url=https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/news/university-oxford-appoints-new-dean-said-business-school |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.sbs.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His resignation followed allegations of sexual harassment towards a junior academic.&lt;ref name =oneill0126&gt;{{Cite web |title= Oxford Don Quit After Harassment Inquiry |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/education/article/oxford-don-quit-after-harassment-inquiry-632fn9mrm |access-date=2026-01-26|website=TheTimes.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was previously a professor of management, as well as the former founding dean, at the [[Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management|SC Johnson College of Business]] at [[Cornell University]] in New York. He was Dean of [[Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management|SC Johnson College of Business]] from 2012 to 2018 from which he was suspended, investigated, then resigned without official explanation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cornell Gives No Reason for Business College Dean's Sudden Departure |url=https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2018/01/cornell-university-business-college-dean-abruptly-resigns |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=Cornell Gives No Reason for Business College Dean's Sudden Departure - The Cornell Daily Sun |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cornell Silent for Second Day as Mystery of Business Dean's Exit Grows |url=https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2018/02/cornell-silent-for-second-day-as-mystery-of-business-deans-exit-grows |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=Cornell Silent for Second Day as Mystery of Business Dean's Exit Grows - The Cornell Daily Sun |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Offering No Clues to Dean's Mysterious Exit, Cornell President Says Business College is 'Healthy' |url=https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2018/02/offering-few-clues-to-deans-mysterious-exit-cornell-president-says-business-college-is-healthy |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=Offering No Clues to Dean's Mysterious Exit, Cornell President Says Business College is 'Healthy' - The Cornell Daily Sun |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cornell Kept Business College Dean's Impending Resignation Secret from Top Administrators |url=https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2018/02/cornell-kept-business-school-deans-impending-resignation-secret-from-top-administrators |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=Cornell Kept Business College Dean's Impending Resignation Secret from Top Administrators - The Cornell Daily Sun |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A student Republican newspaper rebutted rumors of sexual misconduct.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=students |first=Review Staff Cornell |last2=Members |first2=Community |last3=articles |first3=alumni contribute to the Cornell Review Staff consists of student writers collaborating on |last4=Well |first4=With Occasional Guest Submissions as |date=2018-02-08 |title=Dutta doesn’t deserve it |url=https://www.thecornellreview.org/dutta-doesnt-deserve/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=The Cornell Review |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Before his appointment to Cornell, he was the [[Roland Berger]] professor of business and technology at [[INSEAD]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Cornell |title=Faculty &amp; Research |url=https://www.johnson.cornell.edu/faculty-research/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Cornell Johnson |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> <br /> Dutta attended the [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] in [[New Delhi]], graduating with a B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering &amp; Computer Science in 1985. In 2017, he received a Distinguished Alumnus award from IIT. He continued his education at Berkeley University of California, earning an M.S in computer science in 1987, an M.S in Business Administration in 1989, and a Ph.D in computer science in 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soumitra Dutta|url=https://www.asiaglobalinstitute.hku.hk/about/people/soumitradutta|access-date=2025-12-14|website=www.asiaglobalinstitute.hku.hk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Dutta joined INSEAD's faculty as an Assistant Professor of Information Systems, Technology Management Area in 1989, later serving as Dean of Technology and E-learning, Dean of Executive Education, and Dean of External Relations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2008, he founded Fisheye Analytics, which provided analytics for social media. In 2013, it was acquired by the [[WPP plc|WPP group]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem |url=https://www.techinasia.com/singapores-fisheye-analytics-acquired-subsidiary-wpp-16-billion-marketing-giant |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.techinasia.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2012, he joined [[Cornell University]] as Dean of the [[Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management]] and later became the founding dean of its business school - SC Johnson College of Business - in 2016.{{cn|date=March 2026}} Dutta served as dean until January 2018 when he resigned abruptly with neither Dutta or the university providing an explanation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bogel-Burroughs |first1=Nicholas |title=Cornell Silent for Second Day as Mystery of Business Dean's Exit Grows |url=https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2018/02/cornell-silent-for-second-day-as-mystery-of-business-deans-exit-grows |access-date=19 March 2026 |work=Cornell Silent for Second Day as Mystery of Business Dean's Exit Grows - The Cornell Daily Sun |date=1 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, he was part of [[Barack Obama|President Obama's]] White House roundtable with business school deans on effective workforce policies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-04-16 |title=Business School Deans Meet to Discuss Best Practices for a 21st Century Workplace |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/04/16/business-school-deans-meet-discuss-best-practices-21st-century-workplace |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=whitehouse.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dutta has been a member of the board of [[Sodexo]] between 2014 and 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1. Integrated report - Page 215 {{!}} Sodexo - Fiscal 2020 Universal Registration Document |url=https://sodexo.publispeak.com/fiscal-2020-universal-registration-document/article/215/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=sodexo.publispeak.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also a board member of [[Dassault Systèmes]], which he has been on since 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors - Dassault Systèmes |url=https://investor.3ds.com/governance/board-of-directors/home/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=investor.3ds.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2018, he was appointed as a Member of the Shareholder Council, at [[ZS Associates|ZS Consulting]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He has been the Chair of the Board of the [[Global Business Network|Global Business School Network]] since 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soumitra Dutta |url=https://gbsn.org/profile/soumitra-dutta/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=GBSN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dutta is the president and Co-Founder, Portulans Institute which was set up in 2019, as an independent non-profit research institute based in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soumitra Dutta |url=https://portulansinstitute.org/team/soumitra-dutta/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Portulans Institute |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 1 June 2022, Dutta became the new Dean of Saïd Business School at Oxford University, replacing interim dean Sue Dobson.&lt;ref name=&quot;sbs.ox.ac.uk&quot;/&gt; Dutta resigned in September 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brown|first=Jeanette|date=2018-01-31|title=Inaugural Dean of Cornell’s Johnson College of Business Steps Down Abruptly, No Reason Given|url=https://www.clearadmit.com/2018/01/johnson-college-of-business-dean-resigns/|access-date=2025-10-22|website=Clear Admit|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BWE25&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bweducation.com/article/oxford-appoints-mette-morsing-as-interim-dean-after-dutta-resigns-571317|title=Oxford Appoints Mette Morsing As Interim Dean After Dutta Resigns|last=|first=|date=2025-09-12|publisher=BW Education|access-date=2025-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;, when the university concluded a five-month investigation that substantiated three complaints of sexual harassment made by a female academic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Third senior Oxford academic quits over misconduct claims|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/education/article/oxford-university-third-academic-resign-misconduct-claims-6cwwsp87h |access-date=2026-01-26|website=TheTimes.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Harassment Findings Triggered The Fall Of Oxford Saïd’s Dean|url=https://poetsandquants.com/2025/11/18/harassment-findings-triggered-the-fall-of-oxford-saids-dean/?pq-category=business-school-news |access-date=2026-01-26|website=poetsandquants.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The inquiry found that on one occasion he &quot;made a romantic advance&quot; towards a female colleague after she had sought protection from him from an incident of sexual assault.&lt;ref name =oneill0126/&gt; It is alleged he said &quot;I feel very attracted to you. Can something happen between us?&quot; which Dutta denies. He told ''The Times'' through his lawyer &quot;I deeply regret causing any distress or offence by anything I said&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;oneill0226&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=O’Neill |first1=Sean |title=Oxford University drops bid for anonymity in harassment tribunal |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/education/article/oxford-university-anonymity-tribunal-xzmg9k03s |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Times |date=22 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> <br /> Dutta is married to fellow academic [[Lourdes Casanova]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soumitra Dutta to become dean of Oxford business school |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2022/01/soumitra-dutta-become-dean-oxford-business-school |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Cornell Chronicle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Publications ==<br /> Dutta is the founder and co-editor of fourteen editions of the Global Innovation Index which is published with the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]].<br /> <br /> Dutta is a founding co-editor of the annual ''[[Global Information Technology Report]]'' published by the [[World Economic Forum]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=http://wef.ch/1Ncrs2x |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Global Information Technology Report 2015 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the founder of the annual [[Global Innovation Index]] published by the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pulakkat |first=Hari |title=A look at India's 15-place jump in Global Innovation Index |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/a-look-at-indias-15-place-jump-in-global-innovation-index/articleshow/53852329.cms |access-date=2022-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> His other books include:<br /> <br /> * ''Throwing Sheep in the Boardroom: How Online Social Networking Will Transform Your Life, Work and World'', with [[Matthew Fraser (journalist)|Matthew Fraser]]. Wiley 2008.<br /> * ''Innovating at the Top: How Global CEOs Drive Innovation for Growth and Profit'', with [[Roland Berger]], Geoffrey Samuels and Tobias Raffel. Palgrave MacMillan 2009.<br /> * {{cite book | last1=Finger | first1=Lutz | last2=Dutta | first2=Soumitra | title=Ask, measure, learn : using social media analytics to understand and influence customer behavior | publication-place=Sebastopol | date=2014 | isbn=978-1-4493-3684-4 | oclc=869548397}}<br /> * ''Entrepreneurship and the Finance of Innovation in Emerging Markets'', with Lourdes Casanova and Peter Cornelius. Elsevier 2018.<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Dutta |first=Soumitra |title=The world after Covid-19 |date=2021 |others=Dan LeClair, Veneta Andonova, Global Business School Network |isbn=979-8-7436-5644-8 |location=Washington, DC |oclc=1258545837}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|refs=<br /> <br /> &lt;!---ref name=insead&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/faculty/cv.cfm?cid=943 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003063814/http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/faculty/cv.cfm?cid=943 |archive-date=3 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=wsj&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/sc-johnson-ceo-gives-150-million-to-cornells-business-college-1485630180|title=SC Johnson CEO Gives $150 Million to Cornell's Business College|first1=Melanie Grayce|last1=West|first2=Melissa|last2=Korn|date=28 January 2017|website=Wsj.com|access-date=30 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ---&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{JGSMdeans}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dutta, Soumitra}}<br /> [[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of INSEAD]]<br /> [[Category:Cornell University faculty]]<br /> [[Category:Business school deans]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Chandigarh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian academic administrators]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imkong_L._Imchen&diff=481429 2026-04-19T15:59:42Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: Added basic post w/ infobox - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1950–2025)|bot = PearBOT 5}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Sources|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian politician<br /> | name = Imkong L. Imchen<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (2023–25)&lt;br/&gt;[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]] (2022–23)&lt;br /&gt;[[Naga People's Front|NPF]] (2003–22)<br /> | education = [[North-Eastern Hill University]]<br /> | children = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | assembly = Nagaland Legislative<br /> | successor = <br /> | predecessor = <br /> | term_start = 2003<br /> | term_end = 2025<br /> | constituency_AM = [[Koridang Assembly constituency|Koridang]]<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1950|6|15|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|11|11|1950|6|15|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Guwahati]], Assam, India<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Imkong L. Imchen''' (15 June 1950 – 11 November 2025) was an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He was elected to [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]] five times from [[Koridang Assembly constituency]].<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Imkong was from Mangmetong village in [[Mokokchung district]]. He studied in [[North-Eastern Hill University]] in [[Shillong]] during which he got involved in student politics. During this time, he was also elected general secretary of [[Naga Students' Federation]]. He joined the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) in 1989.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Yhoshü |first=Alice |date=11 November 2025 |title=Five-time Nagaland MLA Imkong L Imchen dies. He was 75 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/fivetime-nagaland-mla-imkong-l-imchen-dies-he-was-75-101762875037395.html |access-date=20 December 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political life ==<br /> Imchen first won the Koridang Assembly seat in 2003 as an independent candidate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Former Nagaland Home Minister Imkong L Imchen passes away |url=https://morungexpress.com/former-nagaland-home-minister-imkong-l-imchen-passes-away#google_vignette |access-date=20 December 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]] |pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; He won the subsequent 2008, 2013, and 2018 elections with [[Naga People's Front|Naga People's Front (NPF)]]. He joined the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP)]] in 2022, and [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] in 2023. He fought the subsequent [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023 state assembly election]] as a BJP candidate and won. <br /> <br /> Imchen earlier served as a minister in the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Nagaland]] cabinet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Imkong L Imchen |url=https://myneta.info/nagaland2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=5874 |website=My Neta |access-date=3 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Shri Imkong L Imchen |url=https://nokinketer.com/present-ao-legislators/shri-imkong-l-imchen/ |website=Nokinterer |date=6 July 2020 |access-date=3 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Koridang Assembly constituency |url=https://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/koridang.html |website=Election |access-date=3 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> He died from a heart attack in [[Guwahati]], on 11 November 2025, at the age of 75.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nagaland BJP MLA Imkong L Imchen passes away at 75 |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/around-ne/nagaland/nagaland-bjp-mla-imkong-l-imchen-passes-away-at-75/ |access-date=11 November 2025 |publisher=Northeast Live |date=11 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was survived by his wife, four sons, and two daughters.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Imkong, L. Imchen}}<br /> [[Category:1950 births]]<br /> [[Category:2025 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Naga people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2003–2008]]<br /> [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2008–2013]]<br /> [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2013–2018]]<br /> [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2018–2023]]<br /> <br /> {{Nagaland-politician-stub}}</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kidney_Education_Foundation&diff=509907 2026-04-19T04:22:33Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: New a info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian health organization}}<br /> {{Distinguish | American Kidney Fund | National Kidney Foundation}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox organization<br /> | name = Kidney Education Foundation<br /> | established = {{start date|2010}}<br /> | fields = [[Medicine]], [[Healthcare]], [[Education]], [[Kidney Diseases]], [[Nephrology]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Rajkot]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]<br /> | founder = Dr Sanjay Pandya<br /> | leader_title = International Liaison Officer<br /> | leader_name = Dr Tushar Vachharajani&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Vachharajani|first1=Tushar|title=Professor|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=X9jtT40AAAAJ&amp;hl=en|publisher=Google Scholar|accessdate=February 28, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website = {{URL|https://www.kidneyeducation.com/}}<br /> | languages = English, Chinese, Spanish, French, Arabic, Hindi, Russian, Portuguese, German, Japanese and 29 other languages.<br /> | remarks = Active (90 million hits in 130 months)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Kidney Education Foundation''' ('''KEF''') is a health awareness organization focused on kidney diseases. It provides information about the prevention and care of kidney diseases through books and websites currently translated in 39 international languages.<br /> <br /> [[File:KEF Golden Book of World Records Certificate, March 2017.jpg|thumb|right|The Golden Book of World Records title, as awarded to the Kidney Education Foundation on 8 March 2017.]]<br /> [[File:KEF Asia Book of Records Certificate, March 2017.jpg|thumb|right|The Asia Book of Records title, as awarded to the Kidney Education Foundation on 15 March 2017.]]<br /> <br /> The organization has been founded by an Indian nephrologist, Dr Sanjay Pandya,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dr Sanjay Pandya, About the Author|url=http://www.fluidtherapyindia.com/about_author.html|website=www.fluidtherapyindia.com|accessdate=15 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; in 2010 to create awareness about kidney disease prevention primarily through free access to information to the general population. For this common cause, nephrologists across the globe have joined this mission, including many leaders of the international nephrology community such as Dr Giuseppe Remuzzi, Past-President of the [[International Society of Nephrology]], who prepared the Italian version and Dr Guillermo García-García, President of the International Federation of Kidney Foundations, who prepared the Spanish version of the book and website.<br /> <br /> The book and website offer comprehensive information about common kidney-related disorders, and their prevention and care on a single platform in many different languages.<br /> <br /> The [[American Society of Nephrology]] (ASN) published an extensive &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[https://kidneyeducation.com/download/ASN-Endorsed-Kidney-Education-Website-ASN-Kidney-News-March-2020.pdf article]&lt;/span&gt; in March 2020, recognising the Foundation's work and mission.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kidney Education Website Goes &quot;Viral,&quot; Generating Over 60 Million Hits Worldwide|url=https://www.kidneynews.org/kidney-news/features/kidney-education-website-goes-“viral”-generating-over-60-million-hits-worldwide|website=www.kidneynews.org|accessdate=7 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; KEF is endorsed by the [[World Kidney Day]] (WKD) campaign as an external organisation supporting World Kidney Day activity.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=World Kidney Day: External Endorsing Organisations|url=https://www.worldkidneyday.org/about/endorsing-organisations/external-endorsing-organisations|website=www.worldkidneyday.org|accessdate=12 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ERA-EDTA]] (European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association) has cited KEF as its first resource for patient education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ERA-EDTA: Patient Education Resource|url=https://www.era-online.org/en/strongkidneys/national-initiatives|website=www.era-online.org|accessdate=20 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> In 2005, Dr Sanjay Pandya began drafting a book to educate patients about the prevention and care of kidney diseases and common issues related to kidneys. His book, written in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] is titled ''Tamari Kidney Bachavo'', which translates to ''Save Your Kidneys''. Attributing to its success in the state, the book was later translated into Hindi (2008) by Pandya to make it accessible to a wider audience across India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gujarati and Hindi website to educate on kidney ailments|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/health/report-gujarati-hindi-website-to-educate-on-kidney-ailments-1582375|website=www.dnaindia.com|date=September 2011|accessdate=15 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Dr Abdul Kalam congratulating Dr Sanjay Pandya.JPG|thumb|Dr APJ Abdul Kalam congratulating Dr Sanjay Pandya on the release of his book, ''Save Your Kidneys'']]<br /> <br /> In 2010, Pandya founded the Kidney Education Foundation to overcome the two biggest hurdles of inaccessibility and language barriers, to reach the global population. Initially, the Hindi and Gujarati editions were released on the internet to achieve this goal with the launch of the KEF &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;website&lt;/span&gt;. In 2012, Pandya wrote and released a free online English edition. Following these early books, several nephrologists from across the world joined this cause with time.<br /> [[File:'Save Your Kidney' in Chinese.jpg|thumb|Book release of ''Save Your Kidneys'' in Chinese]]<br /> <br /> Various teams of international nephrologists began to translate the content in their native languages, making it available to their local vernacular (non-English speaking) audience.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Tamil site for renal issues|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Tamil-Site-For-Renal-Issues/2014/03/12/article2103542.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302005811/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Tamil-Site-For-Renal-Issues/2014/03/12/article2103542.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 2, 2016|website=www.newindianexpress.com|accessdate=15 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a span of eight years, a team of more than 100 nephrologists at the Kidney Education Foundation has developed books and websites in 39 languages, including major international languages such as English, Italian, Chinese, Spanish, French, Arabic, Hindi, Russian, Portuguese and Japanese.<br /> <br /> ==Organization==<br /> <br /> The Kidney Education Foundation consists of nephrologists from around the globe, who play the role of individual language project leaders. The team efforts are driven by Founder and Chief Mentor, Dr Sanjay Pandya from Rajkot, India. Pandya coordinates with all the nephrologists, thus ensuring the preparation and publication of the book and website.<br /> <br /> Dr Tushar Vachharajani&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Vachharajani|first1=Tushar|title=Professor|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=X9jtT40AAAAJ&amp;hl=en|publisher=Google Scholar|accessdate=February 28, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; serves as the International Liaison Officer who seeks world kidney experts with similar philanthropic interest aligned with the Foundation's mission. He invites them to join this initiative and help prepare a version of the kidney book and/or the website in their native language.<br /> <br /> Other notable members of the team are Dr Giuseppe Remuzzi, Past-President, [[International Society of Nephrology]], Kidney Fund, [[Bergamo]], [[Italy]]; Dr Guillermo García-García, President, International Federation of Kidney Foundations, [[Guadalajara]], [[Mexico]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kidney education material available in 19 languages|url=http://www.theisn.org/about-isn/isn-blog/item/1903-kidney-education-material-available-in-19-languages|website=www.theisn.org|accessdate=21 February 2016|last1=Vachharajani|first1=Tushar|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112204/http://www.theisn.org/about-isn/isn-blog/item/1903-kidney-education-material-available-in-19-languages|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dr Takashi Yokoo, Chief Professor and Medical Director, [[Jikei University School of Medicine]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]; Dr Ho Chung Ping, Medical Director, Integrated Dialysis Facilities (HK) Ltd., [[Hong Kong]], [[China]]; Dr Edison Souza, Professor, Nephrology University of Rio de Janeiro, [[Brazil]]; Dr Abdou Niang, Secretary-General, Senegalese Society of Nephrology, [[Dakar]], [[Sénégal]]; Dr Valeriy Shilo, Associate Professor of the Department of Nephrology, FPDO MSMSU, [[Russia]]; Dr Ashok Kirpalani and Dr Dilip Pahari, Ex-President, Indian Society of Nephrology, [[India]]; and Dr Sanjib Kumar Sharma, [[Nepal]].<br /> <br /> The book and website are currently available in 39 different languages&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Doctor's Book on Kidney Ailments available in 30 languages|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/doctor-s-book-on-kidney-ailments-available-in-30-languages-117031000008_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=10 March 2017|accessdate=18 March 2017|agency=Press Trust of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Doctor's Book on Kidney Ailments available in 30 languages|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/doctors-book-on-kidney-ailments-available-in-30-languages-888339-2017-03-09|website=www.indiatoday.in|date=10 March 2017 |access-date=18 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Doctor's Book on Kidney Ailments available in 30 languages|url=http://zeenews.india.com/health/doctors-book-on-kidney-ailments-available-in-30-languages-1985042|website=www.zeenews.com|date=10 March 2017|accessdate=18 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; (See table below.) The book is also made available for free on [[WhatsApp|WhatsApp Messenger]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Book on kidney ailments now available on Whatsapp|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/book-on-kidney-ailments-now-available-on-whatsapp-116090800741_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=8 September 2016|accessdate=9 September 2016|agency=Press Trust of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Book on kidney ailments now available on Whatsapp|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bookworm/bookworms-trail/book-on-kidney-ailments-now-available-on-whatsapp_1927134.htm|website=zeenews.india.com|date=8 September 2016|accessdate=9 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Book on kidney ailments now available on Whatsapp|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/book-on-kidney-ailments-now-available-on-whatsapp-700178-2016-09-08|website=www.indiatoday.in|date=8 September 2016 |access-date=9 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Book on kidney ailments now available on Whatsapp|url=http://theviralshots.com/story/book-on-kidney-ailments-now-available-on-whatsapp|website=www.theviralshots.com|accessdate=9 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Read through Whatsapp now about kidney diseases|url=http://www.punjabkesari.in/national/news/read-through-whatsapp-now-about-kidney-diseases-513714|website=www.punjabkesari.in|date=8 September 2016|accessdate=9 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sr. No. !! Language !! Book !! Website !! Author(s)<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] (2010) || તમારી કિડની બચાવો || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyingujarati.com/ Kidney in Gujarati]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Sanjay Pandya (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Hindi]] (2010) || सुरक्षा किडनी की || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinhindi.com/ Kidney in Hindi]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Sanjay Pandya (India), Dr Shubha Dubey (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (2011) || सुरक्षा किडणी ची || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinmarathi.com/ Kidney in Marathi]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Jyotsna Zope (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[English language|English]] (2012) || Save Your Kidneys || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinenglish.com/ Kidney in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109224754/http://kidneyinenglish.com/ |date=2016-01-09 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Edgar Lerma (USA), Dr Sanjay Pandya (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (2012) || మూత్ర పిండాల భద్రత || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyintelugu.com/ Kidney in Telugu]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Krishnan Srinivasan (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Bengali language|Bangla]] (2013) || আপনার কিডনি বাঁচান || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinbangla.com/ Kidney in Bangla]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Dilip Pahari (India), Mrs Pumpa Dutta (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] (2013) || આંજી કિડની ભચાયો || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinkutchi.com/ Kidney in Kutchi]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Sanjay Pandya (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Malayalam]] (2013) || വൃക്കകളെ സംരക്ഷിക്കുക || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinmalayalam.com/ Kidney in Malayalam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125161220/http://kidneyinmalayalam.com/ |date=2016-01-25 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Jayant Thomas Matthew (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Arabic]] (2014) || حافظ علي كليتك || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinarabic.com/ Kidney in Arabic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126005403/http://www.kidneyinarabic.com/ |date=2016-01-26 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Dawlat Hassan Sany (UAE)<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] (2014) || 拯救 你的肾 || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinchinese.com/ Kidney in Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125185709/http://kidneyinchinese.com/ |date=2016-01-25 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Ho Chung Ping (Hong Kong)<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Kannada]] (2014) || ಕಿಡ್ನಿ ಸುರಕ್ಷೆ || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160125171201/http://www.kidneyinkannada.com/ Kidney in Kannada]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Mallikarjun Khanpet (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (2014) || Previna-se, Salve Seus Rins || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160125183052/http://kidneyinportuguese.com/ Kidney in Portuguese]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Edison Souza (Brazil), Dr Gianna Kirsztajn (Brazil)<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (2014) || ਸ਼ੁਰਕਸ਼ਾ ਕਿਡਨੀ ਦੀ || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160126051411/http://kidneyinpunjabi.com/ Kidney in Punjabi]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr N P Singh (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (2014) || Cuide su Riñón || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinspanish.com/ Kidney in Spanish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012023631/http://kidneyinspanish.com/ |date=2015-10-12 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Guillermo García-García (Mexico), Dr Jonathan Chávez-Iñiguez (Mexico)<br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (2014) || உங்கள் சிறுநீரகங்கள் சேமிக்க || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyintamil.com/ Kidney in Tamil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111140756/http://kidneyintamil.com/ |date=2016-01-11 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Sanjay Pandya (India), M Srinivasan (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[French language|French]] (2015) || Sauvez Vos Reins || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinfrench.com/ Kidney in French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217133805/http://kidneyinfrench.com/ |date=2014-12-17 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Abdou Niang (Senegal), Dr Samira Elfajri Niang (Senegal)<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Italian language|Italian]] (2015) || Salviamo i Nostri Reni || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinitalian.com/ Kidney in Italian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110153612/http://kidneyinitalian.com/ |date=2016-01-10 }}&lt;/span&gt; ||Dr Giuseppe Remuzzi (Italy), Dr Daniela Melacini (Italy)<br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Japanese language|Japanese]] (2015) || 腎臓を守るために || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinjapanese.com/ Kidney in Japanese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111015306/http://kidneyinjapanese.com/ |date=2016-01-11 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Takashi Yokoo (Japan)<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] (2015) || पंहिंजी किडनीअ खे बचायो || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinsindhi.com/ Kidney in Sindhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126060255/http://www.kidneyinsindhi.com/ |date=2016-01-26 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Ashok Kirpalani (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Urdu]] (2015) || آپ گردے محفوظ کریں || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinurdu.com/ Kidney in Urdu]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Imtiyaz Wani (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (2016) || आफ्नो मृगौला बचाऔँ || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinnepali.com/ Kidney in Nepali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810114016/http://kidneyinnepali.com/ |date=2020-08-10 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Sanjib Kumar Sharma (Nepal)<br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Assamese language|Assamese]] (2016) || আপোনাৰ বৃক্কদ্বয় সুৰক্ষিত কৰি ৰাখক || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinassamese.com/ Kidney in Assamese]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Ramen Basiya (India), Dr Pranamita Kalita (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Russian language|Russian]] (2016) || СОХРАНИТЕ ВАШИ ПОЧКИ || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinrussian.com/ Kidney in Russian]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Valeriy Shilo (Russia), Dr Ivan Drachev (Russia)<br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Swahili language|Swahili]] (2016) || Okoa Figo Lako || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinswahili.com/ Kidney in Swahili] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820104413/http://kidneyinswahili.com/ |date=2019-08-20 }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Gabriel L Upunda (Tanzania), Dr Bashir Admani (Tanzania)<br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Oriya language|Oriya]] (2016) || ଆପଣଂକ ବୃକକ୍ର ସୁରକ୍ଷା || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190623112111/http://www.kidneyinoriya.com/ Kidney in Oriya]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr R N Sahoo (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[German language|German]] (2016) || Rette Deine Nieren || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyingerman.com/ Kidney in German]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Hans-Joachim Anders (Germany), Dr Seema Baidya Agrawal (Germany)<br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Thai language|Thai]] (2017) || คำแนะนำสำหรับการดูแลและรักษาโรคไต || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinthai.com/ Kidney in Thai]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Kriang Tungsanga (Thailand)<br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Persian language|Persian]] (2017) || کلیه های خود را حفظ کنید || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinpersian.com/ Kidney in Persian]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Hamid Mohammadjafari (Iran)<br /> |-<br /> | 29 || [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] (2017) || ඔබගේ වකුගඩු සුරකිමු || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinsinhala.com/ Kidney in Sinhala]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Surjit Somiah (Sri Lanka)<br /> |-<br /> | 30 || [[Meitei language|Meitei]] (2017) || Save Your Kidneys || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinmanipuri.com/ Kidney in Manipuri]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Sanjeev Gulati (India)<br /> |-<br /> | 31 || [[Lao language|Lao]] (2017) || ຄຳແນະນຳສຳລັບການດູແລ ແລະ ການປິ່ນປົວພະຍາດໄຂ່ຫຼັງ || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinlao.com/ Kidney in Lao]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Noot Sengthavisouk (Lao PDR)<br /> |-<br /> | 32 || [[Serbian language|Serbian]] (2017) || Sačuvajte svoje bubrege || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinserbian.com/ Kidney in Serbian]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Zoran Paunic (Serbia)<br /> |-<br /> | 33 || [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (2018) || Böbreklerinizi Koruyun || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinturkish.com/ Kidney in Turkish]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Faruk Turgut (Turkey)<br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] (2018) || Hãy gìn giữ thận của bạn || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinvietnamese.com/ Kidney in Vietnamese]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Ha Phan Hai An (Vietnam)<br /> |-<br /> | 35 || [[Filipino language|Filipino]] (2018) || Pangalagaan ang inyong Mga 'Kidney' || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinfilipino.com/ Kidney in Filipino]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Edgar Lerma (USA), Dr Elizabeth Angelica Lapid-Roasa (Philippines)<br /> |-<br /> | 36 || [[Korean language|Korean]] (2018) || 콩팥을 건강하게 || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinkorean.com/ Kidney in Korean]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || The Korean Society of Nephrology – Dr Yong-Soo Kim (Korea)<br /> |-<br /> | 37 || [[Malay language|Malay]] (2019) || Selamatkan Buah Pinggang Anda || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[http://www.kidneyinmalay.com/ Kidney in Malay]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Hin-Seng Wong (Malaysia), Dr Suryati Yakob (Malaysia)<br /> |-<br /> | 38 || [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (2021) || Бережіть свої нирки || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[https://kidneyeducation.com/Ukrainian/home Kidney in Ukrainian]&lt;/span&gt; || Prof. Dmytro Ivanov (Ukraine)<br /> |-<br /> | 39 || [[Amharic language|Amharic]] (2021) || ኩላሊትዎን ይታደጉ || &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[https://kidneyeducation.com/Amharic/home Kidney in Amharic]&lt;/span&gt; || Dr Esete Getachew (Ethiopia)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.kidneyeducation.com/ Official website of the Kidney Education Foundation]<br /> * [https://www.theisn.org/ Official website of the International Society of Nephrology]<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Public health organisations based in India]]<br /> [[Category:Kidney organizations]]<br /> [[Category:Health charities in India]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghirai_Assembly_constituency&diff=500405 2026-04-16T04:49:39Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: Starting A Info.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency <br /> | name = Ghirai Assembly constituency<br /> |type= SLA <br /> |state = [[Haryana]]<br /> |established = 1977<br /> |abolished = 2005<br /> |electors = 1,29,731<br /> |mla = Prof. Chhattar Pal Singh<br /> |party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | latest_election_year = [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> | district = <br /> | loksabha_cons = <br /> | reservation = <br /> }} <br /> <br /> '''Ghirai Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |- <br /> | [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2 | Kanwal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Atma Ram <br /> |- <br /> | [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Chhatarpal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Kanwal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Haryana Vikas Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || Puran Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Prof. Chhattar Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2005 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghirai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Prof. Chhattar Pal Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,186 |percentage=51.73% |change={{increase}}7.95 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jogi Ram Sihag Sisai |party=Independent politician |votes=26,742 |percentage=26.01% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Singh Dabra |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=16,567 |percentage=16.11% |change={{decrease}}33.07 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Colonel Sahi Ram Kalkal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,154 |percentage=2.10% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Sihag Jogi |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=986 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=894 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Mahandia |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=877 |percentage=0.85% |change={{decrease}}1.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manphool Singh Poonia |party=Independent politician |votes=558 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,444 |percentage=25.72% |change= {{increase}}20.31 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,02,814 |percentage=79.25% |change= {{increase}}0.98 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,29,731 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.54 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{increase}}2.54 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2000 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghirai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|title= STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2000 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HARYANA|publisher=eci.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127204615/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=42,491 |percentage=49.19% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prof. Chhattar Pal Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,821 |percentage=43.78% |change={{increase}}31.58 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanwal Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=3,944 |percentage=4.57% |change={{decrease}}22.64 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash Nimbal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,722 |percentage=1.99% |change={{decrease}}3.32 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,670 |percentage=5.41% |change= {{increase}}4.99 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=86,387 |percentage=79.31% |change= {{increase}}7.38 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,10,373 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.98 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Haryana Vikas Party |swing= {{increase}}21.98 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1996 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghirai}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanwal Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=21,497 |percentage=27.20% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhatar Pal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=21,171 |percentage=26.79% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=12,551 |percentage=15.88% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar S/O Jagan Nath |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,638 |percentage=12.20% |change={{decrease}}31.77 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishna Devi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,197 |percentage=5.31% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,710 |percentage=2.16% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harpal |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=1,401 |percentage=1.77% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maha Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,288 |percentage=1.63% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwar S/O Devi Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=848 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil |party=Janata Dal |votes=749 |percentage=0.95% |change={{decrease}}7.20 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahabir |party=Independent politician |votes=435 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=326 |percentage=0.41% |change= {{decrease}}2.75 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=79,023 |percentage=73.74% |change= {{increase}}5.48 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,11,470 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.12 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Haryana Vikas Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}16.76 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1991 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghirai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf |title= Statistical Report of General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040556/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhatarpal Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,927 |percentage=43.97% |change={{increase}}31.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devi Lal |party=Janata Party |votes=27,773 |percentage=40.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwar Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=5,544 |percentage=8.14% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Udebir |party=Independent politician |votes=2,329 |percentage=3.42% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pardeep Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,363 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,154 |percentage=3.16% |change= {{decrease}}27.27 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=68,068 |percentage=67.27% |change= {{decrease}}7.36 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,04,062 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.46 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}7.82 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1987 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghirai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf |title=Statistical Report of General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Atma Ram |party=Lokdal |votes=36,157 |percentage=51.79% |change={{increase}}18.16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suraesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=14,907 |percentage=21.35% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanwal Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,571 |percentage=12.28% |change={{decrease}}11.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=6,123 |percentage=8.77% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,446 |percentage=2.07% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishawar Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=1,045 |percentage=1.50% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,250 |percentage=30.44% |change= {{increase}}26.40 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=69,814 |percentage=73.95% |change= {{increase}}5.54 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,942 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.66 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{increase}}18.16 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1982 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghirai}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanwal Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=17,975 |percentage=33.63% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar Mittal |party=Independent politician |votes=15,814 |percentage=29.58% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,972 |percentage=24.27% |change={{increase}}19.62 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender Singh Rana |party=Independent politician |votes=2,749 |percentage=5.14% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balraj Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,466 |percentage=2.74% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banarsi Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=556 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulab Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=547 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldeva |party=Independent politician |votes=335 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=325 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Randhir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=321 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mewa Singh Bolan |party=Independent politician |votes=313 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,161 |percentage=4.04% |change= {{decrease}}17.39 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=53,456 |percentage=68.52% |change= {{increase}}3.13 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,514 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.97 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}9.58 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghirai}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanwal Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=18,991 |percentage=43.21% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=9,571 |percentage=21.78% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,672 |percentage=12.91% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manphul Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,172 |percentage=4.94% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,041 |percentage=4.64% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kishan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,712 |percentage=3.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,593 |percentage=3.62% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=639 |percentage=1.45% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=634 |percentage=1.44% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=551 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lehna Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=295 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,420 |percentage=21.43% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=43,950 |percentage=64.99% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,566 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Haryana}}<br /> {{coords|29.24|75.89|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2005]]<br /> [[Category:1977 establishments in Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:2005 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Haryana-geo-stub}}</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalandhar_North_Assembly_constituency&diff=505392 2026-04-15T23:40:16Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: New new data</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Jalandhar North<br /> | map_image = 36-Jalandhar North.svg<br /> | mla = [[Avtar Singh Junior]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br /> | state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /> | district = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:192058}} (in 2022){{update after|2027|02}}<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 36<br /> }}<br /> '''Jalandhar North Assembly constituency''' is one of the 117 [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/lpac.aspx |title=List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |date=19 June 2006 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> It is part of [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]] district.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |1967<br /> |Lal Chand Suberwal<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> |1969<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gurdial Saini<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |1972<br /> |-<br /> |1977<br /> |Ramesh Chander<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |1980<br /> |[[Gurdial Saini]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}<br /> |-<br /> |1985<br /> |Vaid Om Prakash Dutt<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |1992<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Avtar singh Henry]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |1997<br /> |-<br /> |2002<br /> |-<br /> |2007<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[K. D. Bhandari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |2012<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Avtar Singh Junior]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> === 2022 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Jalandhar North}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Avtar Singh Junior]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:47338}}<br /> |percentage = 37.20<br /> |change = {{decrease}}18.80<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party <br /> |candidate = [[K. D. Bhandari]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:37852}} <br /> |percentage = 29.80<br /> |change = {{decrease}}0.30<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |candidate = Dinesh Dhall<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:32685}} <br /> |percentage = 25.70<br /> |change = {{increase}}14.90<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party <br /> |candidate = Kuldeep Singh Lubana<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:6153}} <br /> |percentage = 4.08<br /> |change = {{increase}}2.88<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = NOTA<br /> |candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:950}} <br /> |percentage = 0.5<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:9486}} <br /> |percentage = 7.4<br /> |change = {{decrease}}18.80<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:128158}} <br /> |percentage = 66.70<br /> |change = {{decrease}}5.5<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = {{formatnum:192160}} <br /> |ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Punjab Election 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link no swing |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}&lt;section end=&quot;Assembly Election 2022&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2017 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Jalandhar North}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[Avtar Singh Junior]]<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:69715}}<br /> |percentage = 56.0<br /> |change = {{increase}}11.1<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[K. D. Bhandari]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:37424}}<br /> |percentage = 30.10<br /> |change = {{decrease}}13.34<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Gulshan Sharma<br /> |party = Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:13386}}<br /> |percentage = 10.80<br /> |change = new<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Hardwari Lal<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1506}}<br /> |percentage = 1.2<br /> |change = {{decrease}}5.4<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br /> |party = NOTA<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1182}}<br /> |percentage = 0.7<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:32291}}<br /> |percentage = 26.20<br /> |change = {{increase}}24.7<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:123309}}<br /> |percentage = 72.20<br /> |change = {{decrease}}3.1<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = {{formatnum:172430}} <br /> |ref=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2012 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2012]]: Jalandhar North}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[K. D. Bhandari]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:52198}}<br /> |percentage = 44.90<br /> |change = {{decrease}}5.4<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[Avtar Henry]]<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:50495}}<br /> |percentage = 43.44<br /> |change = {{decrease}}1.46<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Hans Raj Rana<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:7656}}<br /> |percentage = 6.6<br /> |change = {{increase}}3.40<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Dinesh Dhall<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4371}}<br /> |percentage = 3.80<br /> |change = new<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1703}}<br /> |percentage = 1.5<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:116239}}<br /> |percentage = 75.30<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = {{formatnum:154382}} <br /> |ref=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2007 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2007]]: Jalandhar North}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[K. D. Bhandari]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:45579}}<br /> |percentage = 50.30<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Avtar Henry<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:40650}}<br /> |percentage = 44.90<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Bachan Lal<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2892}}<br /> |percentage = 3.2<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4929}}<br /> |percentage = 5.40<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:90597}}<br /> |percentage = 69.50<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Jalandhar district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}} <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}<br /> {{coord|31.36|75.58|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Jalandhar district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Jalandhar]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Punjab, India]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sadulpur_Assembly_constituency&diff=531728 2026-04-15T23:25:50Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: adding basic data w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Rajasthan legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Sadulpur<br /> | map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-19-Sadulpur.svg<br /> | mla = [[Manoj Nyangli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;election2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=Hisar Olympian Poonia loses her Rajasthan seat |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/hisar-olympian-poonia-loses-her-rajasthan-seat/articleshow/105713776.cms |access-date=2023-12-14 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2023-1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sadulpur Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BSP's Manoj Kumar S/o Swai Singh wins Sadulpur with 63782 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/sadulpur-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470626-2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = 2023<br /> | state = [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | district = [[Churu District|Churu]]<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | constituency_no = 19<br /> }}<br /> '''Sadulpur''' is one of the constituencies of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]. It includes [[Rajgarh, Rajasthan|ILRC Rajgarh]], ILRC Hamirawas Bara, ILRC Ragha Chhoti, ILRC Sankhoo, ILRC Chainpura Chhota and ILRC Sidhmukh, all in [[Rajgarh tehsil, Rajasthan|Rajgarh tehsil]] of [[Churu district]].&lt;ref name=&quot;election2008&quot;&gt;[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 2008]&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2023, its representative is [[Manoj Nyangli|Manoj Kumar]] of the [[Shiv Sena]].{{update after|2029|2}}&lt;ref name=&quot;election2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajasthan-bsp-mlas-join-shiv-sena-say-will-work-for-bjps-ls-candidates-9274372/ |title=Rajasthan BSP MLAs join Shiv Sena, say will work for BJP’s LS candidates |website=indianexpress |date=17 April 2024| access-date=25 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year!!Name!!colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1962]]&lt;ref name=election1962&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3380-rajasthan-1962/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1962 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=8 January 2024 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Rawat Ram|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]]&lt;ref name=election1967&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3382-rajasthan-1967/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1967 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; || S Ram<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]]&lt;ref name=election1972&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3383-rajasthan-1972/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1972 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Ram Singh Rao<br /> |-<br /> | 1974^ || Mohar Singh|| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]&lt;ref name=election1977&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3385-rajasthan-1977/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1977 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=21 August 2025 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Jaya Narain|| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]]&lt;ref name=election1980&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3387-rajasthan-1980/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1980 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=21 August 2025 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Deep Chand Kaswan]]|| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]&lt;ref name=election1985&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3389-rajasthan-1985/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1985 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=21 August 2025 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; || rowspan=3|Inder Singh Poonia || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]&lt;ref name=election1990&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3392-rajasthan-1990/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1990 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]&lt;ref name=election1993&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3394-rajasthan-1993/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1993 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]&lt;ref name=election1998&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3400-rajasthan-1998/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1998 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Ram Singh Kaswan]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2000^ || rowspan=2|Nand Lal Poonia|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]&lt;ref name=election2003&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3403-rajasthan-2003/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2003 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]&lt;ref name=election2008 name=&quot;election2008-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Kamla Kaswan|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]&lt;ref name=election2013&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||[[Manoj Nyangli]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]&lt;ref name=election2018&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Krishna Poonia]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]&lt;ref name=election2023 name=&quot;election2023-2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2019.htm |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=3 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[Manoj Nyangli]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> ^By-Poll<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Sadulpur&lt;ref name=&quot;election2023&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Manoj Kumar S/O Swai Singh<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:64368}}<br /> |percentage = 32.92<br /> |change = +3.66<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Krishna Poonia<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:61794}}<br /> |percentage = 31.6<br /> |change = -7.85<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Sumitra Poonia<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:59429}}<br /> |percentage = 30.39<br /> |change = +1.94<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Sunil Kumar S/O Ram Pal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:5707}}<br /> |percentage = 2.92<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:860}}<br /> |percentage = 0.44<br /> |change = -0.19<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2574}}<br /> |percentage = 1.32<br /> |change = -8.87<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:195540}}<br /> |percentage = 77.88<br /> |change = -1.76<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Sadulpur&lt;ref name=election2018 name=&quot;election2018-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Krishna Poonia]]<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:70020}}<br /> |percentage = 39.45<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Manoj Nyangali<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:51936}}<br /> |percentage = 29.26<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Ram Singh Kaswan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:50492}}<br /> |percentage = 28.45<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1111}}<br /> |percentage = 0.63<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:18084}}<br /> |percentage = 10.19<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:177498}}<br /> |percentage = 79.64<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|28.64|75.39|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Churu district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:1962 establishments in Rajasthan]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manthani_Assembly_constituency&diff=516320 2026-04-15T02:13:17Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: made new details from scratch.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|India legislative constituency}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Manthani<br /> | map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (24-Manthani highlighted).png<br /> | map_caption = Location of Manthani Assembly constituency within Telangana<br /> | mla = [[Dudilla Sridhar Babu]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | state = [[Telangana]]<br /> | district = [[Peddapalli district|Peddapalli]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Peddapalli]]<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | electors = 2,30,000<br /> | incumbent_image = The Minister for Civil Supplies, Andhra Pradesh, Shri Sridhar Babu addressing at the inauguration of the Bharat Nirman Public Information Campaign, at Manthani, Karimnagar Dist., Andhra Pradesh on September 26, 2012.jpg<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | constituency_no = 24<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Manthani''' is an assembly constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is one of the three constituencies in [[Peddapalli district]].<br /> <br /> Manthani Legislative Assembly is one of the segments of [[Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> [[File:Kaleswaram.jpg|thumb|Kaleshwara Mukteshwara Swamy Temple, Kaleshwaram, Mahadevpur Mandal]]<br /> <br /> ==Mandals==<br /> The assembly constituency presently comprises the following mandals:<br /> {{srn}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash&quot;<br /> !Mandal !!Districts<br /> |-<br /> | [[Manthani]]<br /> | [[Peddapalli district|Peddapalli]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kamanpur]]<br /> | [[Peddapalli district|Peddapalli]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kataram]]<br /> | rowspan=3|[[Jayashankar Bhupalpally district|Jayashankar Bhupalpally]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mahadevpur]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malharrao]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mutharam (Manthani)]]<br /> | [[Peddapalli district|Peddapalli]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mutharam (Mahadevpur)]]<br /> | [[Jayashankar Bhupalpally district|Jayashankar Bhupalpally]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Centenary Colony|Ramagiri]]<br /> | [[Peddapalli district|Peddapalli]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Palimela]]<br /> | [[Jayashankar Bhupalpally district|Jayashankar Bhupalpally]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Palakurthy]]<br /> |[[Peddapalli district| Peddapalli]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year <br /> ! Name&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Manthani Election and Results 2014, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/andhrapradesh/assembly-constituencies/manthani.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=4| [[Hyderabad State (1948-1956)|Hyderabad State]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> | Gulukota Sriramulu<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=4| [[United Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] <br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; rowspan=8|<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| [[Indian National Congress]] <br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br /> |Chandrupatla Narayana Reddy<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[D. Sripada Rao]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br /> |Chandrupatla Ram Reddy<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} <br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Dudilla Sridhar Babu]]<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; rowspan=3|<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=4| [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br /> | Putta Madhu<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br /> |rowspan=2|[[D. Sridhar Babu|Dudilla Sridhar Babu]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> ===Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Manthani (Assembly constituency)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|percentage=52.82|votes=1,03,822|candidate=[[Sridhar Babu | Duddilla Sridhar Babu]]|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Putta Madhu|votes=72,442|percentage=36.86|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Chandrupatla Sunil Reddy|votes=5,779|percentage=2.94|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=776|percentage=0.39|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=31,380|percentage=15.96|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=1,96,543|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|swing=}}{{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2018]]: Manthani (Assembly constituency)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|percentage=50.41|votes=89,045|candidate=[[Sridhar Babu | Duddilla Sridhar Babu]]|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Putta Madhu|votes=72,815|percentage=41.22|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Samajwadi Forward Bloc|candidate=T. Nagarjun|votes=5,457|percentage=3.09|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=2,083|percentage=1.18|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=16,230|percentage=9.19|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=1,76,646|percentage=85.41|change=}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|swing=}}{{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Manthani (Assembly constituency)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Putta Madhu|votes=84,037|percentage=49.38|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Sridhar Babu | Duddilla Sridhar Babu]]|votes=64,677|percentage=38.00|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Karru Nagaiah|votes=9,735|percentage=5.72|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=1,339|percentage=0.79|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=19,360|percentage=11.38|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=1,70,196|percentage=80.96|change=}}{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh Assembly Elections, 2009]]: Manthani (Assembly constituency)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sridhar Babu | Duddilla Sridhar Babu]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=63,770|percentage=42.27|change=}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/27/30435/205|title = IndiaVotes &amp;#124; India's largest election database}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Putta Madhu|votes=50,561|percentage=33.51|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Routhu Kankaiah|votes=22,338|percentage=14.81|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=13,209|percentage=8.76|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link| winner = Indian National Congress<br /> | swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|18.65|79.67|display=title}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}<br /> {{Peddapalli district}}<br /> {{Jayashankar Bhupalpally district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Karimnagar district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multan_Sun_Temple&diff=518965 2026-04-08T22:57:08Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: made first place initial version.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Short description|Destroyed Hindu temple in Punjab, Pakistan}}<br /> {{<br /> Infobox Hindu temple<br /> |name = Sun Temple of Multan<br /> &lt;!-- Geography --&gt;<br /> |map_type = Pakistan Punjab#Pakistan#Asia<br /> |map_size = 250<br /> |coordinates = <br /> |country = Pakistan<br /> |state = [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]<br /> |district = [[Multan_District|Multan]]<br /> |location = [[Multan]]<br /> &lt;!-- Culture --&gt;<br /> |deity = [[Surya]] <br /> &lt;!-- Architecture --&gt;<br /> <br /> |architecture = Domed.<br /> &lt;!-- History and governance --&gt;<br /> |established = <br /> }}<br /> The '''Sun Temple of Multan''' was a temple dedicated to [[Surya]], the [[Hindu]] Sun-God, in the city of [[Multan]] in modern Pakistan. The exact location of the temple remains unknown.<br /> <br /> The temple commanded significant fame in the subcontinent — as a place of pilgrimage and wealth — under Hindu as well as Muslim rule and was supposedly destroyed in the late tenth century CE. It appears to have been reconstructed, before being purportedly obliterated by the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] at some point after 1666.<br /> <br /> == Religious significance ==<br /> The earliest extant Hindu text to mention of a solar cult is ''[[Samba Purana]]'' (c. 7th – 8th century CE) — the legend on the origins of the cult made its way into the ''[[Bhavishya Purana]]'' and even a [[Samba Purana#Govindpur Inscription of Poet Gangadhar|twelfth century inscription]] in eastern India.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bronkhorst |first=Johannes |date=2014–2015 |title=The Magas |url=https://www.academia.edu/19830380 |journal=Brahmavidyā: The Adyar Library Bulletin |volume=78–79 |pages=459–486}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis |last=Cummins |first=Joan Marie |title=Dual darśana: Re-addressing the Sūrya icon |year=2001 |publisher=Columbia University |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/304688353|id={{ProQuest|304688353}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> After being cursed into a leper, [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] urged [[Krishna]] to restore his youth who expressed his inability and deferred to the Sun-God.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; So, acting upon the advice of [[Narada]], Samba left for the forests of Mitravan on the banks of [[Chandrabhaga River (Purna River tributary)|Chandrabhaga]], the sacred abode of ''Surya''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; There, he propitiated ''Surya'' into appearing before himself and secured a cure but, in return, had to accept setting up a solar temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; The next day, Samba received an icon of ''Surya'' while bathing in the river, and subsequently, the first solar temple was established in Sambapura.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; However, Brahmins fit for worship were found in India and had to be brought for re-establishing a former energy center in the form of the temple. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Sambapura has been since identified with Multan and the temple with the eponymous institution. However, most scholars have come to reject the equivalence following [[Heinrich von Stietencron]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lawrence |first=Bruce B. |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110800999-006/html |title=Shahrastani on the Indian Religions |publisher=De Gruyter |year=1976 |isbn=978-3-11-080099-9 |pages=195 |doi=10.1515/9783110800999-006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Stietencron notes that formerly, it was not the Chandrabhaga but [[Ravi River|Ravi]] that passed by Multan; so, the original town must be at some yet-undetermined site along the older course of Chandrabhaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Alternatively, the Puranic legend must be a recent interpolation; [[Chach Nama|''Chachnama'']] — which purports to be the translation by `Ali Kufi (13th century) of an early eighth century Arabic text—does refer to the temple as Mistravi and Minravi, both of which are derived from Mitravan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The antecedents of the temple remain unknown to historical certainty.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wink&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCVyhH5VDjAC&amp;pg=PA187 |title=Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2, Volume 1 |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |isbn=9789004095090 |pages=187–188}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hindu-Buddhist rule ===<br /> ''Chachnama'' offers a pre-history of the temple; it was supposedly constructed by Jibawin, a devout Brahmin ruler who went on to bury enviable treasure underneath it.&lt;ref name=&quot;Asif 2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Asif |first=Manan Ahmed |title=A Book of Conquest: The Chachnama and Muslim Origins in South Asia |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2016 |isbn=9780674660113 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During [[Xuanzang|Xuanzang's]] visit in 641 C.E., it was the only solar temple in Sindh; for a comparison, he had noted 299 Brahminical temples, a majority of which were of Saivite sect.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Xuanzang described{{efn|His description went:{{Blockquote|text=[V]ery magnificent and profusely decorated. The image of the Surya-deva is cast in yellow gold and ornamented with rare gems. Women play their music, light their torches, offer their flowers and perfumes to it. [..] The kings and high families of the five Indies never fail to make their offerings of gems and precious stones.{{pb}}They have founded a house of mercy, in which they provide food and drink, and medicines for the poor and sick, affording succor and sustenance. Men from all countries come here to offer up their prayers; there are always some thousands doing so. On the four sides of the temple are tanks with flowering groves where one can wander about without restraint.}}}} the temple to have a gem-studded golden idol; attracting pilgrims from far and wide, it was a magnificent structure and was patronaged by the King and the regional elites. Alongside the temple, was a rest house that served to the visitors and the poor.<br /> <br /> === Umayyad conquest ===<br /> During the [[Sind (caliphal province)#Conquest of Sind|conquest of Sindh]] by the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in 8th century under the leadership of [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], Multan fell after a long siege and the [[Chach dynasty]] was replaced.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Friedmann |first=Yohanan |author-link=Yohanan Friedmann |year=1972 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/464560017/Friedmann-1972-Temple-of-Multan-on-Early-Muslim-Attitudes-to-Idolatry |title=The Temple of Multān: A note on early Muslim attitudes to idolatry |journal=Israel Oriental Studies |volume=II |pages=176–182 |issn=0334-4401}}&lt;/ref&gt; Upon the Umayyad conquest, Qasim obtained thirteen thousand and two hundred [[Maund (unit)|mans]] of gold upon excavation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Asif 2016&quot; /&gt; This gain of treasures—by loot or revenue—would lead to Multan being regarded as the &quot;Frontiers of gold&quot; by Arab geographers, well into the fourteenth century.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Al-Baladhuri]]'s ''[[Futuh al-Buldan]]'' (c. mid-9th century C.E.) remains the earliest narrative-history to cover the history of the temple under Umayyad rule; he noted that all wealth — amounting to thirteen thousand and two hundred [[maund (unit)|maund]]s of gold&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ali |first=Hassan |date=December 2015 |url=https://www.bzu.edu.pk/jhs/vol1-2/3.%20Suraj%20Kund%20Humkhayal%20Final.pdf |title=SurajKund: A Lost Icon in the hagiography of Shah Shams in Multan |journal=Journal of Historical Studies |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=80–94}}&lt;/ref&gt; — were confiscated from what was the &quot;preeminent site of pilgrimage&quot; for local Sindhis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; It was also recorded about how the Sindhis used to shave their beards and head before circumambulating it and offering riches.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;{{Efn|For details on the production of Baladhuri's text and its sources, consult {{Cite book |last=Lynch |first=Ryan J. |title=Arab Conquests and Early Islamic Historiography: The Futuh al-Buldan of al-Baladhuri |date=August 2021 |publisher=I. B. Tauris |isbn=9780755644681 }}}} [[Al-Biruni]], visiting the site about a century later, would record that the Sun Temple was spared by bin Qasim only after he came to know about its prominent role in the regional economy; nonetheless, a piece of cow-flesh was mockingly hang around the neck of the idol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Ibn al-Jawzi]] (c. late 12th century C.E.) noted bin Qasim to have had spared the temple in lieu of rights to a third of its revenues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;{{efn|The Caliph [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]] is held to have had personally consented to this proposal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; However, this is an anachronism; the Caliph was long-dead by the time Qasim had his eyes set on Indian frontiers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;}} Pilgrims were apparently compelled to pay a sum between one hundred and ten thousand dirhams, adjudged according to their financial capacity: a third went to the Muslims per bin Qasim's agreement, another third went to the maintenance of city facilities, and the rest went to the priests.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Notably, in spite of being a ferocious polemicist against heretical practices, al-Jawzi did not record any act of defilation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Laoust |first=H. |title=Ibn al-D̲j̲awzī |date=24 April 2012 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ibn-al-djawzi-SIM_3139 |access-date=6 March 2022 |publisher=Brill |language=en |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Ali al-Shatibi al-Maghribi's (fl.1465 C.E.) history of Arabia reproduced al-Jawzi on the management of the temple except that a third of revenue did not go to Muslims but to the poor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Arab governors ====<br /> Multiple Muslim sources — from voyager-historians like [[Istakhri]], [[al-Maqdisi]], [[al-Masudi]], [[Ahmad ibn Rustah]] and [[Ibn Hawqal]] to encyclopedists like [[Ibn al-Nadim]] — describe the temple especially in the late Abbasid phase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; However, their descriptions were mostly gleaned from non-extant sources — including rumors carried by travellers — and hence, often dissonant. <br /> <br /> Istakhri (early 10th century)&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Miquel |first=A. |title=al-Iṣṭak̲h̲rī |date=24 April 2012 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-istakhri-SIM_3673 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |publisher=Brill |language=en |access-date=6 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; provides the most detailed description of the temple and the idol. The temple commanded pan-sectarian reverence and was located in the most populous part of Multan between the city's ivory and copper-smith bazaars.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Wholly draped in red leather except for the eyes and studded with gems,{{Efn|Al-biruni would note the gems to be rubies but he did not see the (since-destructed) idol.}} the idol adorned a crown of gold and sat in a &quot;quadrangular position&quot; on a brick throne under the cupola with fists in the ''gyan mudra'', rested on its knees.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; He also described how the temple was leveraged by the Muslim rulers as an indemnity against potential invasion by neighbouring Hindu powers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wink&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;{{Efn|A millennium later, [[V. D. Savarkar]], the progenitor of [[Hindutva]] in India, would lambast the Hindu Kings — and his Brahmin counsel — for having chosen to shy away from military conflict out of a blind reverence for scriptures. In a polemical tract, Savarkar argued that they should have instead pressed forward and threatened the Governor of reciprocation — all mosques in their territory were to be demolished and the Sun Temple was to be rebuilt atop the Kabul Shahi Mosque.}} Al-Masudi, a contemporary of Istakhri, reiterates this strategical use of the temple; besides, he notes the ritual offerings — consisting of money, precious stones, perfumes, and especially aloe-wood of Kumar — as the greatest contributor to state revenues.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wink&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mirchandani |first=B. D. |year=1968 |title=Sun Temple of Multan |journal=Journal of Indian History |volume=46|issue=2 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Ibn Hawqal, yet another contemporary, reproduced Istakhri's narrative in toto but supplanted a detail — perhaps from his own travels — about all revenue being forfeited to the Amir; however, the Amir was noted to have ensured that the priests had sufficient means.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Rustah, yet another contemporary, found the temple to be a significant source of revenue especially with rich people dedicating their property to it.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Shaikh Khurshid |title=Pakistan: Its Ancient Hindu Temples and Shrines |publisher=National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Quaid-i-Azam University |year=2008 |isbn=978-969-415-081-9 |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |pages=86–88 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The idol was made of iron and {{convert|20|yd}} in length; it was offered with rice, vegetables, and fish.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; In contrast, al-Nadim's encyclopedic entry in ''[[al-Fihrist]]'', noted the idol to be merely {{convert|7|yd}} tall.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; whereas Abu Dulaf al-Yanbu’i not only assigned it a height of a hundred cubits but also asserted it to levitate mid-way between the floor and ceiling of the temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lowe |first=Dunstan |date=2016 |title=Suspending Disbelief: Magnetic and Miraculous Levitation from Antiquity to the Middle Ages |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26362671 |journal=Classical Antiquity |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=270 |issn=0278-6656}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Yohanan Friedmann, a scholar of Islamic history, interprets the evidence to attest to the accordance of Hindus with the status of ''[[dhimmi]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Flood&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flood |first1=Finbarr Barry |url=https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/9k41zf12b |title=Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval &quot;Hindu-Muslim&quot; Encounter |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |isbn=9780691125947 |pages=19, 37, 39, 42, 155, 279, 297}}&lt;/ref&gt; While there appears to have been a total loss of financial autonomy when compared to the days immediately after the conquest,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; the temple continued to maintain its prominence under Muslim governors, in what [[Finbarr B. Flood]], an art-historian, dubs as a regime of &quot;mercantile cosmopolitanism&quot;.{{Efn|A tenth-century bronze idol of Surya from Mansura attests to the continuity of the solar cult even under Muslim rule.&lt;ref name=&quot;Flood&quot; /&gt; Mints of Arabic Governors had both Hindu and Islamic inscriptions on the obverse, probably pointing to a heteropraxic governance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Flood&quot; /&gt;}}<br /> <br /> === Ismaili emirs ===<br /> With the increasing influence of [[Fatimid Caliphate]] in the frontiers of Persia, arrived Jalam (variant Halam) in 959, to replace the old Da'ai who had not only exhibited &quot;reprehensible syncretism&quot; by allowing neo-converts to maintain their traditional practices but also disputed the noble origins of the Fatimids.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kassam |first=Tazim R. |title=Songs of Wisdom and Circles of Dance: Hymns of the Satpanth Isma'ili Muslim Saint, Pir Shams |date=August 1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791425916 |location=New York |pages=43–45 |language=en |chapter=Rethinking the Emergence and Significance of Satpanth Isma'ilism}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jalam took to preaching [[Isma'ilism]] aggressively and obtained success;{{Efn|Al-Muqaddasi, visiting Multan in 985, found the majority to be Shi'as.}} he would have the ruling dynasty switch their allegiance from the Abbasids to Fatimids soon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Maclean |first=Derryl |title=Religion and society in Arab Sind |publisher=Brill |year=1989 |isbn=978-90-04-08551-0 |series=Monographs and Theoretical Studies in Sociology and Anthropology in Honour of Nels Anderson (25) |location=Leiden |pages=3, 19-20, 134–136 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Older historians have generally (and incorrectly) assumed Jalan to have usurped power by overthrowing the Abbasid sovereigns.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;}} <br /> <br /> Circa 965, a letter from the Fatimid caliph congratulated Jalam on destroying a (unknown) temple and constructing a mosque on the site.&lt;ref name=&quot;Flood&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; This has been understood by some to refer to the destruction of the Sun Temple, especially in light of al-Biruni explicitly holding Jalam responsible for the event and assassination of all priests, writing only a few decades hence.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;{{efn|The old mosque was also shut, which would be only restored by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] during the sacking of Sindh, c. 1005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jain 2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=The India They Saw – Foreign Accounts: 8th to 15th Centuries |publisher=Ocean Books (p) Ltd. |year=2011 |isbn=9788184301076 |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Meenakshi |location=Delhi |pages=138–139, 226 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Flood&quot; /&gt;}} However, Maqdisi — a pro-Fatimid geographer — who had visited Multan circa 985 and recorded a host of novel information about the Shi'ite inhabitants, reiterated Istakhri's observations about the Sun Temple, including locational specifics.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Thus, Maclean argues that it could not have been the Sun Temple which was mentioned in the letter; had the site been transformed into an Ismaili mosque, al-Maqdisi would have found it worthy of mention and it is also improbable that the local Hindus reconstructed the temple in the intervening years since it would have involved demolition of a royal mosque.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The Sun Temple was demolished only after al-Maqdisi's visit, perhaps during [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud]]'s brutal conquest of the city c. 1010 C.E.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;{{Efn|Notably, the Hindu Shahis and Multan Emirate had entered into a strategic alliance in the wake of Mahmud's invasions. Describing Mahmud's assaults on Multan, the focus of his court chroniclers remained on the suppression of the Ismai'li heretics; thousands were supposedly killed and the main Shi'a mosque was abandoned.}} Al-Biruni, visiting the site in early 11th century, came across desolate ruins.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Two centuries hence, [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]]'s [[Tabula Rogeriana|geographical compendium]] (mid 12th century C.E.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Oman |first=G. |title=al-Idrīsī |date=24 April 2012 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-idrisi-SIM_3494 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |publisher=Brill |language=en |access-date=6 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;) not only reproduced Istakhri's narrative in entirety but also added that the temple dome was [[Gilding|gilded]] and that the idol — of unknown antiquity — had four arms; besides the Hindus in Sindh were apparently only concentrated around the temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmad1960&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |title=India and the Neighbouring Territories in the Kitāb Nuzhat Al-mushtq̄ Fi'khtirāq Al-'āfāq of Al-Sharīf Al-Idrīsī |publisher=Brill |year=1960 |pages=50-51, 149-150}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, al-Idrisi had never visited Multan and probably did not have access to al-Biruni's work; the novel additions were likely to have been from older non-extant travelogues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmad1960&quot; /&gt; [[Ibn al-Athir]], a contemporary who probably did not visit Multan either, held the idol to be of [[Job (biblical figure)|''Job'']].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot; /&gt; A century later, [[Zakariya al-Qazwini]]'s ''Āthār'' noted the temple to be the Mecca for Hindus and would reiterate — relying on received knowledge — that the only Hindus in the region were those who lived in the temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmad1960&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> === Late-Mughal and Colonial India ===<br /> [[File:Map of Multan - Report for the year 1872-73 - Sir Alexander Cunningham pgXXXVI.jpg|thumb|Cunningham's map of the fort complex. ]]<br /> In 1640s, [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]] travelled across Multan on way to Delhi but did not record any information about the temple. However, [[Jean de Thévenot]] visiting Multan in 1666, under [[Aurangzeb|Aurzangzeb's]] rule (1658–1707), mentioned a Hindu temple{{Efn|The precise term was &quot;Catry Pagoda&quot;.}} — attracting pilgrims from far and wide — whose offerings contributed to the provincial exchequer; the description of the idol ran similar to Istakhri's though he claimed ignorance about the identity of deity.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Thus, it appears that the temple was restored at an unknown time.<br /> <br /> [[Alexander Cunningham]], visiting Multan in 1853, noted local tradition to blame Aurangzeb for destructing the temple though no inhabitant was able to identify the site;{{Efn|Tradition accuses Aurangzeb of having massacred thousands of Hindus in Multan for their rampant desecration of Muslim shrines.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ross |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/landfiveriversa00rossgoog |title=The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Historical &amp; Descriptive Sketches|date=1883 |publisher=Chapman and Hall |language=en |location=London |page=101 }}&lt;/ref&gt; From what is known to historical certainty, Aurangzeb, in his days as a Governor of Multan (1648–1652), had fostered cordial relationships with prominent local Muslims; Dara Shukoh failed to win Multan's support for his bid to the Mughal throne despite his offer to pay twenty-five thousand rupees to the [[Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya]].}} he was also told that the [[Sikh]]s, upon not finding a trace of the temple when [[Ranjit Singh]] had [[Siege of Multan (1818)|occupied the town]] in 1818, converted a venerated tomb to a [[Gurdwara]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cunnngham |first=Alexander |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.15868 |title=Archaeological Survey of India |date=1875 |publisher=The Superintendent of Government, Calcutta |pages=119|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|The mausoleum is supposed to house the remains of [[Pir Shams]] (fl. 12th century), an Ismaili preacher of Iranian descent who was sent by the imams of Alamut and played an important role in the spread of [[Satpanth]]. However, local traditions dispute this and claim an association of the tomb with [[Shams Tabrizi]], who is argued to have not died in Qonya but escaped to Multan by &quot;walking on the sea.&quot;}} That the fort-complex had a ''Dé'' ''gate'' and ''Dé'' ''drain'' which led directly to the recently-destructed Jami Masjid, he reasoned the site to be the original spot of the temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt;{{efn|Not to be confused with the [[Shahi Eid Gah Mosque]]. It is not known when and by whom was the Jami Masjid commissioned. The mosque got re-provisioned into a powder magazine by [[Diwan Mulraj Chopra|Diwan Mulraj's]] forces during the [[Siege of Multan (1848-1849)|Siege of Multan]] and was blown up on the morning of 30 December 1848 upon being shelled by [[East India Company]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Amarpal |title=The Second Anglo-Sikh War: 1848–49 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year=2017 |isbn=9789352773282 |location=Delhi |pages=504–506 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The explosion destroyed many other structures inside and outside the fort, combusted the granary, and killed hundreds.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Charlie Pollard, an officer of the [[Bengal Engineers]] gave a vivid description:&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{blockquote|I saw an extraordinary dense mass, black as ink, with a clearly defined outline, rising slowly out of the fort. Gradually as it rose the upper part spread out assuming the form of a gigantic tree, but losing its sharp outline in upper air till it became a dark brown cloud hanging as a pall over the fort and city.{{pb}}It was evident too that within that dark mass were certain solid bodies, whether the debris of building or human beings it was impossible to say, hurled some hundreds of feet upwards and looking like specks in the air...}}}} However, it is doubtful if Cunningham was accurate;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; his claim of coming across coins of local rulers, from around the site, inscribed with the Sun God, has been rejected by modern scholars.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Prahladpuri Temple]]<br /> <br /> {{Wikiquote}}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{Hindu temples in Pakistan}}<br /> {{Sun temples}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Punjab, Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:5th-century BC Hindu temples]]<br /> [[Category:Surya temples]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Multan|Sun]]<br /> [[Category:History of Multan|Sun]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renadu&diff=530300 2026-03-31T09:44:48Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Historical region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh}}{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}<br /> <br /> '''Renadu''' is the catchment and flowing area of '''[[Kundu River]]'''. This region in Rayalaseema was ruled by [[Telugu Chodas]] of Renadu and Pottapi from late 5th century CE to 11th century CE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-07-21 |title=Telugu kings Renati Cholas ruled from Kadapa, not Karnataka, says ASI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telugu-kings-renati-cholas-ruled-from-kadapa-not-ktaka-says-asi/articleshow/77075521.cms |access-date=2026-03-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Kundu River]] starts at Uppalapadu Village of [[Orvakal]] Mandal in Nandyala District. It flows through [[Orvakal]], [[Gadivemula]], [[Nandyal]], [[Koilkuntla]], [[Uyyalawada]], areas of [[Nandyal district]] and [[Jammalamadugu]], [[Proddatur]] areas of [[Kadapa district]] and merge with [[Penna River]] near [[Kamalapuram, Kadapa|Kamalapuram]], [[Kadapa District]].<br /> <br /> The heart of Renadu is an area containing the lands of Nossam, [[Uyyalawada]], [[Koilkuntla]], [[Owk]], [[Jammalamadugu]], and [[Proddatur]] which now form part of the [[Nandyal district]] and [[Kadapa district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<br /> <br /> Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy and Budda Vengalareddy are the two leaders of the region remembered for their revolt against the British Raj.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ప్రపంచ వ్యాప్తంగా రేనాటి ఖ్యాతి చాటిన ‘సూర్యచంద్రులు’ {{!}} Renadu Heroes Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy And Budda Vengalareddy {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/ap-special/renadu-heroes-uyyalawada-narasimha-reddy-and-budda-vengalareddy-1405408 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}<br /> {{Andhra Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Sub regions of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Rayalaseema]]<br /> [[Category:Geography of Kadapa district]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Cine_Actor&diff=497480 2026-03-31T05:35:31Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: Starting New Article.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1982 film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Doctor Cine Actor<br /> | image = Doctor Cine Actor poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Vijaya Nirmala]]<br /> | screenplay = Vijaya Nirmala<br /> | story = Pinishetty<br /> | producer = Kolluri Sriramchandra Murthy&lt;br /&gt;K.L. Narasimhulu<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]]|[[Jayasudha]]|[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]}}<br /> | cinematography = Pushtala Gopikrishna<br /> | editing = Adurthi Harinath<br /> | music = [[K. Chakravarthy]]<br /> | studio = Nara Naryana Combines<br /> | distributor = Sri Films ([[Andhra]])<br /> | released = {{Film date|1982|4|9|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = 142 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Doctor Cine Actor''''' is a 1982 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Vijaya Nirmala]]. Produced by Nara Naryana Combines, it stars [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] in a triple role alongside [[Jayasudha]] and [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]. The film has music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy]].<br /> <br /> ''Doctor Cine Actor'' was released on 9 April 1982. It was moderately successful at the [[box office]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-03-25 |title=This Telugu Superstar Played Triple Roles in Several Films. Know More |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/this-telugu-superstar-played-triple-roles-in-several-films-know-more-4908038.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403110835/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/this-telugu-superstar-played-triple-roles-in-several-films-know-more-4908038.html |archive-date=3 April 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Madhu is a talented doctor who earns several laurels with his research. He strives to make his cousin Raju a doctor like him but Raju is interested only in films. Raju also wins a prize by portraying [[Chatrapati Sivaji]] in a play. When Madhu insults Raju for wasting his time, depressed Raju leaves the home. Raju's [[childhood sweetheart]] Radha provides gives him money to move to [[Madras]]. <br /> <br /> Raju struggles a lot in Madras for opportunities. One day, he obtains a small role and uses the opportunity to the fullest. He soon rises to become a bonafide star and earns millions of rupees. Meanwhile, film director Srikanth's wife and popular actress Ranjani try to get close to Raju. Raju, however, rejects her advances and marries Radha. Madhu also marries Latha. Slowly, Madhu and Raju cope with each other. Following a ghastly incident, Raju hands his baby boy to Madhu and Radha for safekeeping.<br /> <br /> Srikanth and Rajani scheme and manage to get Raju on board for their next film. While Rajani lusts for Raju, Srikanth intends to damage his career. Raju realizes this and punishes them for their sins, and returns home.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] in a quadruple role as:<br /> **Madhu (doctor)<br /> **Raju (aspiring actor) <br /> **Dr. Prabhakar (Madhu's father - Raju's maternal uncle)<br /> **[[Chatrapati Sivaji]] (cameo)<br /> * [[Jayasudha]] as Radha<br /> * [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Latha<br /> * [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Srikanth<br /> * [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Natasam<br /> * [[Narasimha Raju (Telugu actor)|Narasimha Raju]] as Dr.Gopi<br /> * Ravikanth<br /> * Ch. Krishna Murthy as Ranganna<br /> * Vallam Narasimha Rao<br /> * [[Subhashini]] as Ranjana<br /> * Mamatha as Durga<br /> * [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]] as Kanthamma<br /> * Pushpa Kumari<br /> * Kakinada Shyamala<br /> * [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]<br /> * K. J. Saradhi<br /> * [[Kanta Rao]] as Prof. Madhava Rao<br /> * [[Nagesh]]<br /> * [[Mada Venkateswara Rao|Mada]]<br /> * Jagga Rao<br /> * Thota Subbarao<br /> }}<br /> ===Cameo appearances===<br /> * [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as himself<br /> * [[Sobhan Babu]] as himself<br /> * [[D. Ramanaidu]] as himself<br /> * [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] as himself<br /> * Katta Subba Rao as himself<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film marks Krishna's second appearance in a triple role. He plays a son and nephew who look alike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The film has score and soundtrack composed by [[K. Chakravarthy]]. The lyrics were written by [[Veturi]] and Appalacharya, with vocals by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]] and [[S. Janaki]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Gudipoodi |first=Srihari |date=25 April 1982 |title=సినిమాల లో సినిమా : డాక్టర్ - సినీ ఆక్టర్ |language=te |trans-title=A film with films: Doctor-Cine Actor |work=[[Eenadu|Sitara]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/IPX/0,0,1878,2071 |access-date=3 April 2022}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Reviewing the film for ''[[Andhra Patrika]]'' on 14 April 1982, C. S. B. appreciated the performances and technical aspects, adding, &quot;Direction by Vijaya Nirmala appeals to all sections of audience.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=B. |first=C. S. |date=14 April 1982 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: డాక్టర్ - సినీ ఆక్టర్ |language=te |trans-title=Film review: Doctor - Cine Actor |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/IPW/0,0,609,1464 |access-date=3 April 2022}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gudipoodi Srihari]] of [[Eenadu|''Sitara'' magazine]] on the review dated 25 April 1982, called the ''Doctor Cine Actor'' &quot;a film within a film.&quot; Srihari felt that the focus was more on the actor part, and a few unnecessary scenes dragged down the screenplay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|8714016}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1982 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1982 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1982 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Vijaya Nirmala]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._O._H._Farook&diff=457211 2026-03-29T12:08:14Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = M. O. H. Farook<br /> | image = M. O. H. Farook.jpg<br /> | imagesize = 185<br /> | caption = Farook in 2010<br /> | predecessor5 = S. Arumugam<br /> | party = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Indian National Congress]]|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]}}<br /> | order5 = Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pondicherry]]<br /> | predecessor6 = [[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]<br /> | successor6 = S. Arumugam<br /> | successor5 = [[M. Ramadass]]<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1937|09|06|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [[French India]]&lt;br&gt;(present day [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], India)<br /> | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2012|01|26|1937|09|06}}<br /> | death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|S. A. Kadhija Nachiyal|1960}}<br /> | children = {{ubl|[[M. O. H. F. Shahjahan]] (son)|Two daughters}}<br /> | mother = Seyed Sultangani<br /> | father = M. O. Hasan Kuthoos Maricar <br /> | alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai]]<br /> | occupation = [[Politician]]<br /> | honorific-prefix = <br /> | honorific-suffix = <br /> | term_start6 = 20 June 1991<br /> | term_end6 = 10 March 1998<br /> | term_start5 = 6 October 1999<br /> | term_end5 = 16 May 2004<br /> | term_start4 = 9 April 1967<br /> | term_end4 = 6 March 1968<br /> | lieutenant_governor4 = [[S. L. Silam]],&lt;br /&gt;[[B. D. Jatti]]<br /> | predecessor4 = [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]<br /> | successor4 = V. Venkatasubha Reddiar<br /> | term_start3 = 17 March 1969<br /> | term_end3 = 3 January 1974<br /> | lieutenant_governor3 = B. D. Jatti,&lt;br /&gt;[[Chhedilal]]<br /> | predecessor3 = President's rule<br /> | successor3 = [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]<br /> | order2 = 3rd<br /> | office2 = Chief Minister of Pondicherry<br /> | term_start2 = 16 March 1985<br /> | term_end2 = 19 January 1989<br /> | lieutenant_governor2 = Tribhuvan Prasad Tiwary,&lt;br /&gt;[[Ranjit Singh Dyal]]<br /> | predecessor2 = [[President's rule]]<br /> | successor2 = M. D. R. Ramachandran <br /> | order1 = 6th<br /> | office1 = Governor of Jharkhand<br /> | 1blankname1 = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata1 = [[Shibu Soren]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arjun Munda]]<br /> | term_start1 = 22 January 2010<br /> | term_end1 = 4 September 2011&lt;ref name=timesofinida&gt;{{cite news|title=New governor to take oath today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/New-governor-to-take-oath-today-/articleshow/9859386.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001033/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-04/ranchi/30112614_1_oath-today-new-governor-jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-09-26 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2011-09-04|access-date=2011-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Kateekal Sankaranarayanan]]<br /> | successor1 = [[Syed Ahmed (politician)|Syed Ahmed]]<br /> | order = 18th<br /> | office = Governor of Kerala<br /> | 1blankname = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata = [[Oommen Chandy]]<br /> | term_start = 8 September 2011<br /> | term_end = 26 January 2012<br /> | successor = [[Hansraj Bhardwaj]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Ramkrishnan Suryabhan Gavai|R. S. Gavai]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''M. O. Hasan Farook Maricar''' (6 September 1937 – 26 January 2012) was an Indian politician and three-time [[List of Chief Ministers of Puducherry|Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Pondicherry]]. He was the youngest chief minister of any Union Territory of India. He served from 9 April 1967 to 6 March 1968 and 17 March 1969 to 3 January 1974 and from 1985 to 1990 &lt;ref name=&quot;worldstatesmen&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=States of India since 1947 – Pondicherry (Puducherry)|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html#Puducherry}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was thrice elected to the Lok Sabha from [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pondicherry]] in 1991, 1996 and 1999 and served as a Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation and Tourism during June 1991 – December 1992.<br /> <br /> Farook participated in the struggle for liberation of Pondicherry as a student, during 1953–54 when Pondicherry was a French colony and served as a Member of the Central Haj Committee in [[Mumbai]] from 1975 to 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;cgi&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100105034813/http://www.cgijeddah.com/cgijed/farooq-cv.htm Farooq], Cgi Jeddah&lt;/ref&gt; He was appointed the Indian Ambassador to [[Saudi Arabia]] in September 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianembassy.org.sa/Ambassadors.html |title=Welcome to Embassy of India - Riyadh - KSA |accessdate=2010-01-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417225633/http://www.indianembassy.org.sa/Ambassadors.html |archivedate=17 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Governor==<br /> Farook was appointed [[Governor of Jharkhand]] in 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;red&quot;&gt;[http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/jan/16/narayanan-is-bengal-guv-patil-gets-punjab.htm Governor of Jharkhand], Rediff 16 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt; and [[List of Governors of Kerala|of Kerala]] in 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;asianet&quot;&gt;[http://www.asianetindia.com/news/moh-farooq-kerala-governor_289974.html M.O.H Farooq to be new Kerala Governor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102132038/http://www.asianetindia.com/news/moh-farooq-kerala-governor_289974.html |date=2 November 2011 }}, Asianet India 25 August 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=timesofinida2&gt;{{cite news|title=K Rosaiah, Ram Naresh Yadav named governors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/K-Rosaiah-Ram-Naresh-Yadav-named-governors/articleshow/9752473.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001223/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-27/india/29935590_1_jharkhand-governor-k-rosaiah-prabha-rau|url-status=live|archive-date=2012-09-26|work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2011-08-27|access-date=2011-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> <br /> He died in office on 26 January 2012 at 9:10 pm at [[Apollo Hospital]] in [[Chennai]], due to [[multiple myeloma]] and kidney related ailments. He was 74 years old at the time of his death. He was the second governor who died in office, after [[Sikander Bakht]], and is the shortest-served governor of Kerala.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kerala Governor MOH Farook dies in Chennai|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-kerala-governor-moh-farook-dies-in-chennai-2792883.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713082808/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-kerala-governor-moh-farook-dies-in-chennai-2792883.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2012|accessdate=26 January 2012|newspaper=Daily Bhaskar|date=26 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=121|title=Thirteenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile – SHRI M.O.H. Farook|publisher=Lok Sabha website|accessdate=20 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703132641/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=121|archive-date=3 July 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was hospitalised for more than a month, and his condition deteriorated in the days preceding his death. As he was near death, additional charge was given to the then [[Governor of Karnataka|Karnataka Governor]] [[Hansraj Bhardwaj]]. In his absence, the flag hoisting ceremony of [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day of India]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] was conducted by the then [[Chief Minister of Kerala]], [[Oommen Chandy]]. He was buried with full state honours at Puducherry Juma Masjid.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-gov}}<br /> {{succession box<br /> |before = [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]<br /> |title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Puducherry|Chief Minister of Pondicherry]]<br /> |years = 9 April 1967 – 6 March 1968<br /> |after = V. Venkatasubha Reddiar<br /> }}<br /> {{succession box<br /> |before = President's rule<br /> |title = Chief Minister of Pondicherry<br /> |years = 17 March 1969 – 3 January 1974<br /> |after = [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]<br /> }}<br /> {{succession box<br /> |before = President's rule<br /> |title = Chief Minister of Pondicherry<br /> |years = 16 March 1985 – 19 January 1989<br /> |after = President's rule<br /> }}<br /> {{Succession box <br /> | before= [[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]<br /> | title=Member of Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha) for [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency|Pondicherry]] <br /> | after=S. Arumugham <br /> | years=1991&amp;ndash;1998}}<br /> {{Succession box <br /> | before= S. Arumugham<br /> | title=Member of Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha) for [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency|Pondicherry]] <br /> | after=[[M. Ramadass]]<br /> | years=1999&amp;ndash;2004}}<br /> {{succession box<br /> |before = [[Kamaluddin Ahmed (politician)|Kamaluddin Ahmed]]<br /> |title = Ambassador of India to Saudi Arabia<br /> |years = September 2004 – December 2009<br /> |after = [[Talmiz Ahmad]]<br /> }}<br /> {{succession box<br /> |before = [[Kateekal Sankaranarayanan]]<br /> |title = [[Governor of Jharkhand]]<br /> |years = 22 January 2010 – 4 September 2011<br /> |after = Syed Ahmed<br /> }}<br /> {{succession box<br /> |before = [[R.S. Gavai]]<br /> |title = [[Governor of Kerala]]<br /> |years = 8 September 2011 – 26 January 2012<br /> |after = [[Hansraj Bhardwaj]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Chief ministers of Puducherry}}<br /> {{Governors of Jharkhand}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Farook, M. O. H.}}<br /> [[Category:1937 births]]<br /> [[Category:2012 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Chief ministers of Puducherry]]<br /> [[Category:Governors of Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Governors of Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]<br /> [[Category:People from Pondicherry]]<br /> [[Category:People from French India]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Puducherry]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to Saudi Arabia]]<br /> [[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]<br /> [[Category:Chief ministers from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Puducherry]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths from multiple myeloma in India]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fordham_University&diff=453810 2026-03-29T11:53:52Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Jesuit university in New York City, New York, US}}<br /> {{Good article}}<br /> {{Use American English|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}<br /> &lt;!--*********NOTE: WHEN ADDING REFERENCES please use M, D, Y format (ex. December 30, 2017), not YYYY-MM-DD—the references in this article have been stylized in the full M, D, Y, format ***********--&gt;<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Fordham University<br /> | image = Fordham University seal.svg<br /> | image_upright = .6<br /> | latin_name = Universitas Fordhamensis&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Search |url=https://archive.org/search?query=%22Universitas+Fordhamensis%22&amp;sin=TXT |website=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | former_names = St. John's College (1841–1907)&lt;br /&gt;[[Marymount College, Tarrytown|Marymount College]] (1907–2002)<br /> | motto = ''Sapientia et Doctrina'' ([[Latin]])<br /> | mottoeng = &quot;Wisdom and Learning&quot;<br /> | type = [[Private university|Private]] [[research university]]<br /> | established = {{start date and age|1841|6|24}}<br /> | founder = [[John Hughes (archbishop)|John Hughes]]<br /> | religious_affiliation = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] ([[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]])&lt;ref name=&quot;jesuittradition&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/discover_fordham/fordhams_jesuit_trad/ |title=Fordham's Jesuit Tradition |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities|ACCU]]|[[Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities|AJCU]]|[[National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities|NAICU]]}}<br /> | endowment = $1.05 billion (2025)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/nacubo1-nacubo-prd-dc8b/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2025-NCSE-Endowment-Market-Values-for-US-and-Canadian-Institutions-FINAL.xlsx |title=U.S. and Canadian 2025 NCSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2025 Endowment Market Value |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) |access-date=February 15, 2026 |format=XLSX}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | president = [[Tania Tetlow]]&lt;ref name=&quot;tetlow&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= https://news.fordham.edu/university-news/tania-tetlow-named-president-of-fordham-first-woman-and-layperson-to-lead-the-jesuit-university-of-new-york/ |first= Nicole |last=LaRosa |title= Tania Tetlow Named President of Fordham; First Layperson and First Woman to Lead the Jesuit University of New York |work=Fordham News |date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=July 16, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |accreditation = [[Middle States Commission on Higher Education|MSCHE]]<br /> | provost = Dennis C. Jacobs<br /> | faculty = 747&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamfacts&quot;/&gt;<br /> | students = 16,153 (fall 2023)&lt;ref name=IPEDS&gt;{{cite web | title = College Navigator – Fordham University | language = en | access-date = August 12, 2024 | publisher = [[National Center for Education Statistics]] | url = https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?s=NY&amp;id=191241}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | undergrad = 10,307 (fall 2023)&lt;ref name=IPEDS /&gt;<br /> | postgrad = 5,846 (fall 2023)&lt;ref name=IPEDS /&gt;<br /> | city = [[New York City]]<br /> | state = New York<br /> | country = United States<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|40|51|43|N|73|53|10|W|region:US-NY_type:edu|display=inline,title}}<br /> | campus = Large city<br /> |campus_size = total: {{convert|125.39|acre|ha|1}}; [[Campuses of Fordham University#Rose Hill campus|Rose Hill]] ([[The Bronx, New York City|Bronx]]): {{convert|85|acre|ha|1}};&lt;ref name=&quot;fastfacts2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Fordham Fast Facts|date=Fall 2020|publisher=Fordham University|url=https://www.fordham.edu/download/downloads/id/14606/fordham_fast_facts_fact_book.pdf|access-date=March 13, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Campuses of Fordham University#Lincoln Center campus|Lincoln Center]] ([[Manhattan]]): {{convert|8|acre|ha|1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;fastfacts2020&quot;/&gt;<br /> |free_label = Other campuses<br /> |free = {{hlist|[[Harrison, New York|West Harrison]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fastfacts2020&quot;/&gt;|[[Campuses of Fordham University#London Centre campus|Clerkenwell]]&lt;ref name=&quot;clerkenwell&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/27926/clerkenwell|title=Clerkenwell|publisher=Fordham University|access-date=April 20, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | colors = Maroon and white&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Fordham Colors|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/27257/fordham_colors|publisher=Fordham University Marketing and Communications| access-date=February 17, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{color box|#900028}} {{color box|#FFFFFF}}<br /> | sports_nickname = [[Fordham Rams|Rams]]<br /> | mascot = The Ram<br /> | sporting_affiliations = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division I FCS]] – [[Atlantic 10 Conference|Atlantic 10]]|[[Patriot League]] (football)|[[Mid-Atlantic Water Polo Conference|MAWPC]]|[[Empire Collegiate Hockey Conference|ECHC]]|[[Middle Atlantic Intercollegiate Sailing Association|MAISA]]}}<br /> | website = {{official URL}}<br /> | logo = Fordham University logo 2025.png<br /> | logo_upright = 1.0<br /> |free_label2 = Newspaper<br /> |free2 = {{hlist|''[[Fordham Observer|The Observer]]''|''The Fordham Ram''}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Fordham University''' is a [[Private university|private]] [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[research university]] in [[New York City]], United States. Established in 1841, it is named after the [[Fordham, Bronx|Fordham]] neighborhood of [[the Bronx]] in which its original campus is located. Fordham is the oldest [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[Jesuit universities|Jesuit university]] in the northeastern United States{{Sfn|Kurian|Lamport|2015|p=510}} and the third-oldest university in [[New York City]].{{Sfn|Shelley|2016|p=20}}<br /> <br /> Founded as '''St. John's College''' by [[John Hughes (archbishop)|John Hughes]], then a [[coadjutor bishop]] of New York, the college was placed in the care of the [[Society of Jesus]] shortly thereafter, and has since become a [[Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities|Jesuit-affiliated]] independent school under a [[laity|lay]] [[board of trustees]]. While governed independently of the church since 1969, every [[List of presidents of Fordham University|president of Fordham University]] between 1846 and 2022{{Efn|Fordham's first layperson and first woman to serve as president, Tania Tetlow J.D., took office on July 1, 2022|name=}} was a Jesuit priest and the curriculum remains influenced by Jesuit educational principles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.fordham.edu/archives/presidents.html|title=Fordham Presidents|work=Fordham University Libraries|access-date=November 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125032418/http://www.library.fordham.edu/archives/presidents.html|archive-date=January 25, 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Fordham enrolls over 16,000 students in ten constituent colleges, four of which are [[undergraduate education|undergraduate]] and six of which are [[graduate school|postgraduate]], across three campuses in southern [[New York State]]: the [[#Rose Hill|Rose Hill]] campus in [[the Bronx]], the [[#Lincoln Center|Lincoln Center]] campus in [[Manhattan]]'s [[Upper West Side]], and the [[#Westchester|Westchester]] campus in [[Harrison, New York|West Harrison, New York]].&lt;ref name=IPEDS /&gt; The university also maintains a study abroad center in London and field offices in Spain and South Africa. The university offers degrees in over 60 disciplines.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/20526/majors_and_minors|publisher=Fordham University|title=Majors and Minors|access-date=June 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220142212/https://www.fordham.edu/info/20526/majors_and_minors|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The university's athletic teams, the [[Fordham Rams|Rams]], include a [[Fordham Rams football|football team]] that boasted a win in the [[Sugar Bowl]], two [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]rs, two [[College Football All-America Team|All-Americans]], two [[Canadian Football League]] All-Stars, and numerous [[NFL]] players; the Rams also participated in [[1939 Waynesburg vs. Fordham football game|history's first televised college football game]] in 1939 and history's first televised college basketball game in 1940.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordhamsports.com/news/2015/2/27/MBB_0227153409.aspx|title=Fordham Appeared in First Televised College Basketball Game|website=Fordhamsports.com|date=February 27, 2015 |access-date=November 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2014-09-28/first-televised-football-game-featured-fordham-waynesburg-1939|title=First televised football game featured Fordham, Waynesburg in 1939|date=September 28, 2014|website=Ncaa.com|access-date=November 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fordham's [[Fordham Rams baseball|baseball team]] played the first collegiate baseball game under [[Knickerbocker Rules|modern rules]] in 1859, has fielded 56 [[major league baseball|major league]] players, and holds the record for the most [[NCAA Division I college baseball team statistics|NCAA Division I baseball victories]] in history.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Fordham's [[List of Fordham University alumni|alumni]] and [[List of Fordham University faculty|faculty]] include a [[President of the United States|president of the United States]],{{Efn|Trump attended for two years before transferring.|name=}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Washington Post July 17, 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/07/17/yes-donald-trump-really-went-to-an-ivy-league-school/|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Yes, Donald Trump really went to an Ivy League school|author=Strauss, Valerie|date=July 17, 2015|access-date=April 8, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[U.S. Senators]] and [[U.S. Representatives|representatives]], four [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinals]] of the Catholic Church, several [[Governor (United States)|U.S. governors]] and [[U.S. ambassador|ambassadors]], a number of billionaires, two [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|directors of the CIA]], [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] and [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]]-winning actors, [[royal family|royalty]], a foreign [[head of state]], a [[White House Counsel]], a [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army|vice chief of staff of the U.S. Army]],&lt;ref name=&quot;jh-apl&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jhuapl.edu/POW/bios/keane.htm|title=General Jack Keane (bio)|work=Principles of War Seminar Series|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] [[Applied Physics Laboratory]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304104138/http://www.jhuapl.edu/POW/bios/keane.htm|archive-date=March 4, 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=January 22, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; a [[United States Postmaster General|U.S. Postmaster General]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; a [[United States Attorney General|U.S. Attorney General]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; a President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=May 25, 2022 |title=E. Gerald Corrigan, Who Helped Ease '87 Stock Crash, Dies at 80 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/25/business/e-gerald-corrigan-dead.html |access-date=March 31, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Geraldine Ferraro|first female vice presidential candidate]] of a major political party in the United States.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> {{Main|History of Fordham University}}<br /> {{Further|List of presidents of Fordham University}}<br /> <br /> === 1841–1900: Establishment and early years ===<br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | align = left<br /> | direction = vertical<br /> | width = 175<br /> | image1 = John Joseph Hughes.jpg<br /> | caption1 = [[John Hughes (archbishop)|John Hughes]], [[List of Roman Catholic archbishops of New York|archbishop of New York]] and founder of St. John's College<br /> | image2 = Drawing of John Cardinal McCloskey (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption2 = [[John McCloskey]], first president of St. John's College and later [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]]-archbishop of New York<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Fordham was founded as '''St. John's College''' in 1841 by the Irish-born [[coadjutor bishop]] (later [[archbishop]]) of the Diocese of New York, [[John Hughes (archbishop)|John Hughes]].{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=5}} It is the third-oldest university in the state of New York,{{Sfn|Shelley|2016|p=20}} and the first Catholic institution of higher education in the northeastern United States.{{Sfn|Kurian|Lamport|2015|p=510}} In 1839, Hughes, then 42 years old, had purchased the 106-acre Rose Hill Manor farm in the village of [[Fordham, Bronx|Fordham, New York]], for $29,750.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kane&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fordham.libguides.com/c.php?g=451084&amp;p=4031308|work=Research Guides @ Fordham: The Dodransbicentennial |title= 175 years of Fordham: First 50 Years of Fordham|last=Kane|first=Patrice|access-date=December 1, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; His intent was to establish St. Joseph's Seminary following the model of [[Mount St. Mary's University (Maryland)|Mount Saint Mary's University]], of which he was an alumnus.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=377}} &quot;Rose Hill&quot; was the name originally given to the site in 1787 by its owner, Robert Watts, a wealthy New York merchant, in honor of his family's ancestral home in Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Gilbert|first1=Allan S.|last2=Wines|first2=Roger|title=Fordham: The Early Years: A Commemoration of the Jesuits' Arrival in 1846: Chapter VI: From Earliest to Latest Fordham: Background History and Ongoing Archaeology|url=https://cms.fordham.edu/download/downloads/id/526/the_environmental_history_of_fordham_universitys_rose_hill_campus2_pdf|website=cms.fordham.edu|publisher=Something More Publications|access-date=December 2, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1840, St. Joseph's Seminary opened at Rose Hill.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kane&quot;/&gt; The seminary was paired with St. John's College, which opened at Rose Hill with a student body of six on June 24, 1841, the feast day of [[Nativity of Saint John the Baptist|Saint John the Baptist]].{{efn|According to Christian tradition, in the Gregorian calendar, June 24 is observed as the [[Nativity of Saint John the Baptist]], and it is mentioned in the 1920 General Catalogue published by the university that the college's opening deliberately coincided with the feast day.&lt;ref name=bul00&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KLBIAQAAMAAJ |date=August 1920|title=General Catalogue of Fordham University|volume=XIII|number=5|ref={{SfnRef|General Catalogue|1920}}}} pp. 10–13. {{Open access}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} [[John McCloskey]] (later archbishop of New York and eventually the first American [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]]) was the school's first president, and the [[faculty (teaching staff)|faculty]] were [[Secular clergy|secular priests]] and [[Laity|lay]] instructors. The college presidency went through a succession of four [[diocesan priest]]s in five years, including [[James Roosevelt Bayley]], a distant cousin of [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore]] and [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and a nephew of [[Saint Elizabeth Seton|St. Elizabeth Ann Seton]].{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=10}} In 1845, the seminary church, Our Lady of Mercy, was built.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=24}} The same year, Hughes convinced several Jesuit priests from the [[St. Mary's College (Kentucky)|St. Mary's College]] in [[Kentucky]] to staff St. John's.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=22}}<br /> <br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | align = right<br /> | direction = vertical<br /> | width = 200<br /> | image1 = 1839 Deed to St. John's College (Fordham University).jpg<br /> | caption1 = 1839 deed to St. John's College and St. Joseph's Seminary&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fordham.libguides.com/175years|title=Research Guides @ Fordham: The Dodransbicentennial – 175 years of Fordham: 175 Years of Fordham University|last=Kane|first=Patrice|website=fordham.libguides.com|access-date=November 29, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | image2 = St. John's College 1846.jpg<br /> | caption2 = St. John's College, 1846<br /> }}<br /> The college received its [[charter]] from the [[New York Legislature|New York State Legislature]] in 1846, and the first Jesuits began to arrive about three months later.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=12}} In the same year Hughes sold St. John's College to the Jesuits for $40,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kane&quot;/&gt; Hughes deeded the college over but retained title to the seminary property, which totaled about nine acres. In 1847, Fordham's first school in Manhattan opened. The school became the independently chartered [[Xavier High School (New York City)|College of St. Francis Xavier]] in 1861. It was also in 1847 that the American poet [[Edgar Allan Poe]] arrived in the village of Fordham and began a friendship with the college Jesuits that would last throughout his life. In 1849, he published his famed work [[The Bells (poem)|''The Bells'']]. Some traditions credit the college's church bells as the inspiration for this poem.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=24}} Poe also spent considerable time in the college's library, and even occasionally stayed overnight.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|pages=23–24}}<br /> <br /> St. John's curriculum consisted of a junior division (which would become [[Fordham Preparatory School|Fordham Prep]]), requiring four years of study in Latin, Greek, grammar, literature, history, geography, mathematics, and religion; and a senior division (i.e. the college), requiring three years study in &quot;poetry&quot; ([[humanities]]), rhetoric, and philosophy.{{sfn|Schroth|2008|p=30}} Colonel [[Robert Gould Shaw]], famed commander of the all-[[Black (race)|black]] [[54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry]] American Civil War regiment, attended the junior division. An ''[[Artium Baccalaureus]]'' degree was earned for completion of both curricula, and an additional year of philosophy would earn a ''[[Master of Arts|Magister Artium]]'' degree. There was also a &quot;commercial&quot; track similar to a modern [[business school]], offered as an alternative to the [[Classical education movement|Classical]] curriculum and resulting in a certificate instead of a degree. In 1855, the first student stage production, ''[[Henry IV, Part 1|Henry IV]]'', was presented by the St. John's Dramatic Society.{{Sfn|Taaffe|2013|p=140}} The seminary was closed in 1859.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=27}}<br /> <br /> The [[American Civil War|Civil War]] was a significant time for the college; among its alumni were four generals, six colonels (including [[Robert Gould Shaw|Shaw]]), and five captains serving in the [[Union Army]]; twelve men from Fordham also served in the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fordham.libguides.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fordham.libguides.com/c.php?g=279634&amp;p=1863178|work=Research Guides @ Fordham|title=American Civil War and Fordham: Home|last=Kane|first=Patrice|access-date=December 1, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Three Jesuits from St. John's served as army chaplains.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordham.libguides.com&quot;/&gt; [[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln's assassination]] deeply affected the student body, and even southern students attending the college mourned his loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordham.libguides.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Fordham's [[Fordham Rams baseball|baseball team]], which played its first game on September 13, 1859,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.fordham.edu/cubanbaseball/Notes.html|title=Fordham Baseball Notes|work=Fordham University Libraries|access-date=November 29, 2017|archive-date=April 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424185310/http://www.library.fordham.edu/cubanbaseball/Notes.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; made several contributions to the history of baseball in the nineteenth century, and played a key role in introducing the game to Cuba and Latin America. On November 3, 1859, Fordham played the first college baseball game with modern nine-man teams against the now-defunct St. Francis Xavier College in Manhattan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kane&quot;/&gt; Fordham won the game 33–11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kane&quot;/&gt; [[Steve Bellán]], the first Cuban and Latin American to play major league baseball, learned the game while a student at Fordham from 1863 to 1868.&lt;ref name=&quot;library.fordham.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.fordham.edu/cubanbaseball/E_Bellan.html|title=Esteban Bellan|work=Fordham University Libraries|access-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609135924/http://www.library.fordham.edu/cubanbaseball/E_Bellan.html|archive-date=June 9, 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; After playing for several American major league teams, he returned home and played in the first organized baseball game in Cuba on December 27, 1874.&lt;ref name=&quot;library.fordham.edu&quot;/&gt; Charles, Henry, and Frederick Zaldo, brothers from [[Havana]] who founded the Almendares Baseball Club, one of the three original Cuban baseball teams, also learned the game while attending Fordham from 1875 to 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.fordham.edu/cubanbaseball/Zaldo.html|title=Zaldo Brothers|work=Fordham University Libraries|access-date=December 1, 2017|archive-date=April 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424185257/http://www.library.fordham.edu/cubanbaseball/Zaldo.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Cadets with Lt. Squiers April 1886 Fordham.jpg|thumb|left|Lt. Herbert C. Squires with the Fordham cadet corps, April 1886]]<br /> <br /> An [[Act of Congress]] created instruction in military science and tactics at the college level. As a result of the act, St. John's brought a cadet [[corps]] to campus. From 1885 to 1890, Lt. Herbert C. Squires—a veteran of the [[7th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|7th U.S. Cavalry]]—built a cadet battalion to a strength of 200, which would provide the foundation for the modern [[ROTC]] unit at Fordham.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=97}}{{Sfn|Taaffe|2013|p=123}} The college built a science building in 1886, lending more legitimacy to science in the curriculum. In addition, a three-year Bachelor of Science degree was created. In 1897, [[academic regalia]] for students at [[Graduation|commencement]] was first adopted.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=380}}<br /> <br /> ===1901–1950: Maturation===<br /> On June 21, 1904, the Regents of the University of the State of New York consented to allow the board of trustees to authorize the opening of a law school and a medical school.{{sfn|General Catalogue|1920|p=13}} St. John's College officially became '''Fordham University''' on March 7, 1907.{{Sfn|General Catalogue|1920|p=2}} The name ''Fordham'' refers to the village of Fordham, in which the original Rose Hill campus is located. The village, in turn, drew its name from its location near a shallow crossing of the [[Bronx River]] (&quot;[[ford (crossing)|ford]] by the [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]]&quot;). When Fordham and several other [[Westchester County]] towns were consolidated into [[The Bronx|Bronx County]] at the turn of the twentieth century, the village became the borough's [[Fordham, Bronx|Fordham]] neighborhood. Still in existence today, it is just to the west of the Rose Hill campus.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=xii}}<br /> <br /> In 1908, [[Fordham University Press]] was established.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=381}} In 1912, the university opened the College of Pharmacy, which offered a three-year program in [[pharmacy]], not requiring its students to obtain bachelor's degrees until the late 1930s. The college had a mainly Jewish student body, and in recognition of that, the students were exempted from Catholic theology instruction. In September 1912, the Swiss [[psychiatrist]] and [[psychoanalyst]] [[Carl Jung]] delivered a series of lectures at Fordham; these lectures marked his historic break with the theories of his colleague, [[Sigmund Freud]].{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=126}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Woolworth Building at night, New York City.jpg|thumb|left|[[Woolworth Building]] 1913, site of City Hall campus]]<br /> <br /> The College of St. Francis Xavier was closed in 1913, and various Fordham colleges were opened at the [[Woolworth Building]] in Manhattan to fill the void. Some divisions of the university including the law school were later moved to the City Hall Campus at &quot;the [[Vincent Astor]] Building&quot; at 302 Broadway.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=384}} This commenced an unbroken string of instruction in Manhattan that became what is now Fordham College at Lincoln Center, where all of Fordham's academic operations in Manhattan are centered today.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=111}}<br /> <br /> [[File:302entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the City Hall Division at the Vincent Astor Building c. 1965]]<br /> [[File:Keating Hall 1936 commencement.jpg|thumb|right|First commencement ceremony before recently completed [[Keating Hall]], June 10, 1936{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=120}}]]<br /> <br /> The university closed its medical school in 1919, citing a lack of endowment and reduced university funds overall due to the [[First World War]].{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=140}} The Gabelli School of Business began in 1920 in Manhattan as the School of Accounting.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=141}} According to a university catalogue from 1920, the annual cost for tuition, room and board at the college was $600 ({{Inflation|US|600|1920|fmt=eq}}).{{sfn|General Catalogue|1920|p=9}} In 1944, the School of Professional and Continuing Studies was established, largely bolstered by returning veterans taking advantage of the [[GI Bill]].{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=178}}<br /> <br /> The football program was established in 1882 and gained national renown in the early 20th century. Fordham football played on some of the largest stages in sports, including games in front of sellout crowds at the [[Polo Grounds]] and [[Yankee Stadium]], a [[Cotton Bowl Classic|Cotton Bowl]] appearance and a [[Sugar Bowl]] victory. The program produced the famed [[Seven Blocks of Granite]], one of whom was the great [[Vince Lombardi]]. On September 30, 1939, Fordham participated in an early televised football game, defeating [[Waynesburg College]], 34–7.&lt;ref name=cfdw&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_iaa/patriot/fordham/yearly_results.php?year=1935 |publisher=[[College Football Data Warehouse]] |first=David |last=DeLassus |access-date=February 11, 2011 |title=Fordham game-by-game results (1935–1939) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708133218/http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_iaa/patriot/fordham/yearly_results.php?year=1935 |archive-date=July 8, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Wheeler, Romney |url= https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/217181912.html?dids=217181912:217181912&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;date=JAN+05%2C+1942&amp;author=By+Romney+Wheeler+Associated+Press+Staff+Writer&amp;pub=The+Washington+Post&amp;desc=Rams+Set+Mark+For+Low+Score+In+Sugar+Bowl&amp;pqatl=google|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930222433/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/217181912.html?dids=217181912:217181912&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;date=JAN+05,+1942&amp;author=By+Romney+Wheeler+Associated+Press+Staff+Writer&amp;pub=The+Washington+Post&amp;desc=Rams+Set+Mark+For+Low+Score+In+Sugar+Bowl&amp;pqatl=google|url-status= dead|archive-date= September 30, 2007|title= Rams Set Mark For Low Score in Sugar Bowl|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date= January 4, 1942|via=ProQuest Archiver}} {{Open access}}&lt;/ref&gt; The university discontinued the program during [[World War II]], reinstating it in 1946. However, it proved much less successful and too expensive to maintain, and was again discontinued in 1954, though would revive yet again as an NCAA Division III team in 1970 and Division I team in 1989.<br /> <br /> === 1951–2000: Clerical independence ===<br /> On February 15, 1958, then-Senator John F. Kennedy received an honorary [[Doctor of Law]] degree from university president Laurence J. McGinley and delivered an address at the annual Fordham Law Alumni Association luncheon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKSEN-0899-011.aspx|title=Fordham Law Alumni Association luncheon, New York City, 15 February 1958 |work=John F. Kennedy Presidential Library &amp; Museum|access-date=November 30, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Schroth|2008|p=358}} After humorously stating that he denied any &quot;presidential aspirations—with respect to the Fordham Alumni Association,&quot; Kennedy said that, &quot;It is to the eternal credit of Fordham that the teaching of law has here been accompanied by an inculcation of moral values. The graduate of this law school has acquired something more than the tools of his profession—he has learned, both by example and precept, the high obligations of trust which are his as an attorney.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1961, the Lincoln Center campus opened as part of the [[Lincoln Square, New York|Lincoln Square]] Renewal Project. This second campus which placed an institution of higher learning in the realm of a multi-disciplinary performing arts complex came to pass through the collaboration of New York City's urban planner [[Robert Moses]] and Fordham's twenty sixth president [[Laurence J. McGinley]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/18/nyregion/lj-mcginley-fordham-ex-president-dies-at-86.html?auth=login-google1tap&amp;login=google1tap | title=L.J. McGinley, Fordham Ex-President, Dies at 86 | newspaper=The New York Times | date=August 18, 1992 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Fordham Law School|School of Law]] was the first to occupy the new campus, but the academic programs at 302 Broadway were moved to the new location in 1969.<br /> <br /> [[File:General view of ceremonies at Lincoln Square when President Eisenhower was applauded.jpg|thumb|right| President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] at the launching of Lincoln Center campus, 1959]]<br /> <br /> In addition, on November 18, 1961, [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[Robert F. Kennedy]] received an honorary degree and delivered an address at the dedication of the new Fordham Law School building in Lincoln Center, paying tribute to &quot;Fordham ideals, traditions and teachers.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=F|first=Kennedy, Robert|year=1961|title=Address by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy at the Dedication Ceremonies of Fordham Law School|journal=Lincoln Center, 140 W 62 (1961-Present)|url=http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/lc_140w62st/43/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kennedy said that he was privileged, as attorney general, to be &quot;the largest single employer of Fordham law graduates in North America,&quot; and also remarked that, &quot;While the world we know is preoccupied by what may lie before it, when threats could pervade our every thought and fears our every action, it is reassuring to see buildings and programs like these rise each day to greet the future. It is a mark of courage and resolution.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; On November 2, 1964, during his campaign for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]], Robert F. Kennedy made another visit to Fordham and gave an address at the Rose Hill gymnasium that attracted a crowd of 2,800.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://digital.library.fordham.edu/digital/collection/RAM/id/8677|title=CONTENTdm|work=Fordham University Library|series=Digital Collections|access-date=November 30, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.davidanthonykennedy.com/gallery/main.php?g2_itemId=3428|title=David and RFK at Fordham University, New York campaigning for the senate – November 2, 1964|work=davidanthonykennedy.com|access-date=November 30, 2017|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034513/http://www.davidanthonykennedy.com/gallery/main.php?g2_itemId=3428|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first women to attend Fordham came earlier in the century: the Law School began accepting female students in 1918. Women also had been earning Fordham degrees at the Graduate School of Social Service and the Undergraduate School of Education, at the City Hall Campus. Women in the School of Education had also been commuting to the Rose Hill campus to take their science lab courses alongside male students, where women had also been part of the School of Pharmacy's student body. However, in September 1964, the all-female [[Thomas More College (New York)|Thomas More College]] at the Rose Hill campus began instruction for the BA and BS degrees.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=261}}<br /> <br /> In response to internal demands for a more &quot;liberalized&quot; curriculum, the university created Bensalem College in 1967. An experimental college with no set requirements and no grades, it was studied by a wide array of educators and covered by journalists at such large-circulation publications of the day as ''[[Look (American magazine)|Look]]'', ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' and the ''[[Saturday Review (U.S. magazine)|Saturday Review]]''. The school closed in 1974.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fordham.libguides.com/c.php?g=279582&amp;p=1863388|title=Research Guides @ Fordham: Fordham University History: Schools that Once Were|last=Kane|first=Patrice|website=fordham.libguides.com|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Liberal Arts College&quot; for undergraduates opened in 1968, later changing its name to &quot;The College at Lincoln Center&quot; and then in 1996 to &quot;Fordham College at Lincoln Center.&quot;{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=xvii}} In 1993, a twenty-story [[residence hall]] for 850 students was added to the Lincoln Center campus.<br /> <br /> In the late 1950s, the [[Civil Rights Movement]] was gathering momentum in the U.S. when Fordham students and school officials expressed ambivalence about racial justice.{{Sfn|Shelley|2016|p=337}} In the late 1960s, Fordham became a center of political activism and [[Counterculture of the 1960s|countercultural]] activity. At the Rose Hill Campus, the Fordham branch of [[Students for a Democratic Society]] organized opposition to the existence of the ROTC and military recruiters.{{Sfn|Shelley|2016|p=392}} During this period, students routinely organized protests and class boycotts and used [[psychoactive drugs]] on campus open spaces.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|pages=287–289}} In 1969, students organized a sit-in on the main road leading to Rose Hill in response to an announcement that [[President Richard Nixon]] would be speaking on campus. As a result of the sit-in, Nixon was forced to cancel his plans to speak.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|pages=281}} A year later, students stormed the main administration building, occupying it for several weeks, and set fire to the Rose Hill faculty lounge.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|pages=287–289}} It was during this period of activism that the university's African and African American Studies Department, one of the first [[Africana studies|black studies]] departments in the nation, as well as ''the paper'', the leftist student newspaper on campus, were founded.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=384 }}<br /> <br /> The board of trustees was reorganized in 1969 to include a majority of nonclerical members, which officially made the university an independent institution.{{sfn|Shelley|2016|p=403}} While the Jesuit order thereby lost full control of Fordham, the board of trustees continues to maintain the institution as a &quot;Jesuit, Catholic university.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;jesuittradition&quot;/&gt; The College of Pharmacy closed in 1972 due to declining enrollment. Fordham College at Rose Hill became coeducational in 1974 when it merged with Thomas More College.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=257}}<br /> <br /> [[Fordham Preparatory School]] is a four-year, [[Single-sex education|all-male]] [[university-preparatory school|college preparatory school]] that was once integrated with the university, sharing its 1841 founding. &quot;Fordham Prep&quot; became legally independent in 1972 when it moved to its own facilities on the northwest corner of the Rose Hill campus. The school continues to retain many connections with the university.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamprep&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordhamprep.org/page.cfm?p=358 |title=Fordham Preparatory School: Our History |publisher=Fordhamprep.org |access-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215072150/http://www.fordhamprep.org/page.cfm?p=358 |archive-date=December 15, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2001–present: Post-millennium===<br /> [[File:Duane Library interior.jpg|thumb|Duane Library at the Rose Hill campus, 2004]]<br /> <br /> [[Marymount College, Tarrytown|Marymount College]] was an independent [[women's college]] that was founded in 1907 by the [[Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary]]. The school was consolidated into Fordham in July 2002. Marymount had been steeped in financial hardship since the 1970s. Located {{convert|25|mi|km|0}} north of Manhattan in Tarrytown, New York, the college remained open as a single-sex institution, and its campus received a branch of the School of Professional and Continuing Studies as well as extensions of the graduate schools for education, social service, and business administration.<br /> <br /> In 2005, Fordham announced that its Marymount College campus would be phased out; Marymount awarded degrees to its final undergraduate class in May 2007.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=384}} University administrators indicated the campus would remain open for Fordham graduate programs in several disciplines.<br /> <br /> In the autumn of 2007, the university announced its intention to seek buyers for the Marymount campus. Administrators stated the expenses required to support the programs at the campus far exceeded the demand. University officials estimated the revenue gained from the proposed sale would not be greater than the expenses incurred maintaining and improving the campus since the merger with Marymount. President McShane stated the university's decision was nonetheless a &quot;painful&quot; one. Fordham then indicated its intention to move the remaining programs from the Marymount campus to a new location in [[Harrison, New York]], by the autumn of 2008. On February 17, 2008, the university announced the sale of the campus for $27&amp;nbsp;million to [[EF Education|EF Schools]], a chain of private language-instruction schools.&lt;ref name=&quot;marymount&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://chronicle.com/article/Fordham-U-Sells-Marymount/40481 |title=Fordham U. Sells Marymount College Campus for $27-Million – Graduate Students – The Chronicle of Higher Education |journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education |publisher=Chronicle.com |date=February 17, 2008 |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, the university successfully completed a five-year, $500&amp;nbsp;million campaign; the project surpassed expectations by raising more than $540&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fordhamram.com/2014/04/02/excelsior-ends-after-five-year-run/|title='Excelsior' Campaign Ends After Five Year Run, Raking in $540 Million |work=The Fordham Ram|access-date= July 14, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The university went on to renovate and expand its Lincoln Center campus, opening in 2014 its renovated Law School, as well as an additional undergraduate dormitory, McKeon Hall.&lt;ref name=mckeon/&gt; The former law school building was converted to expand Quinn Library and house the Gabelli School of Business.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordhamobserver.com/fall-2016-brings-old-law-building-new-purpose/|work=The Fordham Observer|title=Fall 2016 Brings Old Law Building New Purpose|author=Fota, Ana|date=March 15, 2015|access-date=April 9, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Long-term plans include a new library building and buildings for the graduate schools of Social Service and of Education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.fordham.edu/education-and-social-services/fordham-unveils-lincoln-center-master-plan/|work=Fordham News|title=Fordham Unveils Lincoln Center Master Plan|date=August 26, 2005|access-date=December 28, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Campuses==<br /> {{Main|Campuses of Fordham University}}<br /> {{Location map many | USA New York City<br /> | caption = Map of Fordham's two campuses in New York City<br /> | width = 225<br /> | float = right<br /> <br /> | lat = 40.8620<br /> | long =-73.8857<br /> | label= Rose Hill campus (The Bronx)<br /> | marksize=10<br /> | mark=<br /> <br /> | lat2= 40.770296<br /> | long2= -73.984632<br /> | label2=Lincoln Center campus (Manhattan)<br /> | pos2=left<br /> | float2=bottom<br /> | mark2size=10<br /> | mark2= Blue 000080 pog.svg<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> Fordham has three main campuses, which are in and around New York City: '''Rose Hill''' in the [[Fordham, Bronx|Fordham neighborhood]], [[the Bronx]], adjacent to [[Bronx Park]] on [[Fordham Road]]; '''Lincoln Center''' in [[Manhattan]], one block from [[Central Park]]; and '''Westchester''' in [[West Harrison, New York]]. In addition, it maintains and utilizes various academic, extracurricular, and residential facilities throughout New York City and New York State and around the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamfacts&quot;/&gt; In addition to its three main campuses, the university also operates the [[Louis Calder Center]], a biological field station {{convert|25|mi|km|0}} north of New York City in [[Armonk, New York]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Calder about&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About Us, The Louis Calder Center|website=Fordham University|access-date=March 13, 2021|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/21458/about_us}}&lt;/ref&gt; It consists of {{convert|114|acre|km2}} forested with a {{convert|10|acre|ha|adj=on}} lake&lt;ref name=&quot;fastfacts2020&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calder about&quot; /&gt; and 13 buildings.&lt;ref name=&quot;Calder facilities&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Facilities, The Louis Calder Center|website=Fordham University|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/21459/facilities|access-date=March 13, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The structures house laboratories and classrooms, offices for faculty and administrators, a library, and residences.&lt;ref name=&quot;Calder facilities&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Outside the United States, the university maintains a small campus in [[London]], known as the '''London Centre'''. In addition, Fordham operates field offices in [[Granada]], Spain, and [[Pretoria]], South Africa; these house undergraduate study abroad programs.&lt;ref name=&quot;isap&quot;/&gt; Finally, the university provides faculty for the [[Beijing International MBA at Peking University]] at [[Peking University]] in China. The program, established in 1998, has been ranked No. 1 in China by ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' and ''Forbes'' Magazines.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.bimba.edu.cn/index/NewsVoices/2015/1214/25086.html |work=Beijing International MBA at Peking (BiMBA) |title=BiMBA 2016 MBA Admissions Seminar |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |date=December 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309015212/http://en.bimba.edu.cn/index/NewsVoices/2015/1214/25086.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Rose Hill===<br /> [[File:Cunniffe House, 2017.jpg|thumb|Cunniffe House, the administration building at Rose Hill, constructed in 1838&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/society/articles/nycity_architecture_homes_rich_famous_article00242.htm|title=Old Mansions of the West Bronx|work=The History Box|access-date=December 27, 2017|quote=The old Rose Hill Manor House was erected about 1692 and was used as the college infirmary until its demolition...The new Rose Hill Manor House still stands...an ancient stone structure, with tall, tower-like cupola, sandwiched in between two large college buildings. It was constructed in 1838, and today is used as administration building for...Fordham University|archive-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024054340/http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/society/articles/nycity_architecture_homes_rich_famous_article00242.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; and one of the oldest buildings on campus]]<br /> <br /> The Rose Hill campus, established in 1841 by Bishop [[John Hughes (archbishop of New York)|John Hughes]], is home to Fordham College at Rose Hill, the [[Gabelli School of Business]], and a division of the School of Professional and Continuing Studies, as well as the [[Fordham Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Graduate Schools of Arts and Sciences]] and Religion and Religious Education. Situated on {{convert|85|acre|ha|1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Wintergreen|2010}}|title=College Admissions Data Sourcebook Northeast Edition 2010–11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7yDl5o-zuQC&amp;pg=PR5|edition=50th; bound regional|publisher=Wintergreen Orchard House|isbn=978-1-936035-02-1|oclc=40108218|date=September 2010}} p. 258.&lt;/ref&gt; in the central Bronx, it is among the largest privately owned green spaces in New York City.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamfacts&quot; /&gt; At one time spanning over 100 acres, much of the land for adjacent Bronx Park was acquired from the university with funds authorized by the 1884 [[New Parks Act]] intended to preserve lands that would soon become part of New York City,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;{{rp|166}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;*{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1884/03/25/106145636.pdf|title=The Albany Legislators|date=March 25, 1884|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 8, 2017|location=[[Albany, New York]]}}<br /> * {{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1884/01/24/106138894.pdf|title=Proposed New Parks|date=January 24, 1884|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 8, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; on the condition that it be used as a [[zoo]] and [[botanical garden]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/bronx-zoo-turns-110-110-nyc-favorite-article-1.417057|title=The Bronx Zoo turns 110: Here are 110 things you need to know about this NYC favorite|last=Osterhout|first=Jacob E.|website=New York Daily News|date=November 13, 2009 |access-date=June 28, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=98}} Fordham students and staff have free admission to the garden grounds.&lt;ref name=&quot;nybgfree&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.nybg.org/community-access-discount-programs/ |title=Community Access Programs |website=New York Botanical Garden|access-date=March 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rose Hill is on Fordham Road, just north of the [[Belmont, Bronx|Belmont]] neighborhood, described as the &quot;real Little Italy of New York&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;littleitaly&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.arthuravenuebronx.com/|title=Arthur Avenue—Little Italy of the Bronx, new York|website=Arthur Avenue|access-date=March 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and immediately west of the [[Bronx Zoo]] and the New York Botanical Garden. The campus's [[Collegiate Gothic]] architecture,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/fordham-university-photo-tour-2013-10|work=[[Business Insider]]|title=Tour Fordham University's Stunning Campus in the Bronx|last=Jacobs|first=Peter|date=October 11, 2013|access-date=June 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; expansive lawns, ivy-covered buildings, and cobblestone streets were featured by NBC News.&lt;ref name=&quot;msnbc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26658838 |title=Pretty college campuses |work=NBC News |date=September 15, 2008 |access-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605092514/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26658838 |archive-date=June 5, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Fordham Univ. Queen's Court by R.Bucko.jpg|thumb|left|Queen's Court Residential College, Rose Hill]]<br /> <br /> Rose Hill is largely made up of nineteenth-century architecture, with some contemporary buildings. The campus is home to several structures on the [[National Register of Historic Places]],&lt;ref name=&quot;nrhp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/index.htm |title=National Register of Historic Places Official Website-Part of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior |publisher=Nps.gov |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; such as the [[Fordham University Church|University Church]] built in 1845 as a seminary chapel and parish church for the surrounding community. It contains the old altar from the current [[St. Patrick's Cathedral (Midtown Manhattan)|St. Patrick's Cathedral]], as well as stained glass windows given to the university by [[Louis Philippe I|King Louis Philippe I of France]].&lt;ref name=church/&gt; The windows are particularly notable for their connection to a workshop in [[Sevres]], France, locus of the earliest stages of the [[Gothic Revival]].&lt;ref name=&quot;church&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/medny/venturi.html |first=Dan | last=Venturi |title=Fordham University Church |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adjacent to the church is [[Fordham University Cemetery|a 138-plot cemetery]] where the university's nineteenth-century Jesuits, diocesan seminarians, students, and workers are interred,{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=xiii}} relocated in 1890 from its original location at today's New York Botanical Garden.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fordhamram.com/2014/09/24/despite-popular-legend-graveyard-has-bodies/|work=The Fordham Ram|title=Rumors Swirl Above Campus Graveyard|last=Laird|first=Alexandra|date=September 24, 2014|access-date=April 8, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are eleven residence halls on campus, including Queen's Court [[residential college]], whose main mission is to &quot;assist in the integration of first-year students into University life,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/23214/queens_court_residential_college|title=Fordham online information {{!}} Student Life {{!}} Living on Campus {{!}} Living on Campus at Rose Hill {{!}} Residence Halls {{!}} First-Year Student Housing {{!}} Queen's Court Residential College|last=Fordham|publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; and nine Integrated Learning Communities that each cater to a particular year (freshman, sophomore, etc.) or area of study (science, leadership, etc.).&lt;ref name=&quot;housing&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/student_affairs/residential_life/rose_hill/ |title=Fordham University The Office of Residential Life at Rose Hill |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the campus contains two residences for Jesuits, a retirement home, and the Murray-Weigel infirmary.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=289}}<br /> <br /> Rose Hill is served by the [[Fordham (Metro-North station)|Fordham station]] of the [[Metro-North Railroad]], which extends to [[Grand Central Terminal]]. Public transit buses stop adjacent to campus exits, and three New York City Subway stations are within walking distance. The university also provides a shuttle service between its three main campuses (the &quot;Ram Van&quot;), which is headquartered at Rose Hill. 6,981 undergraduate and graduate students are enrolled at the Rose Hill, of which 2,482 live on campus.&lt;ref name=&quot;fastfacts2020&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Lincoln Center===<br /> [[File:Fordham University School of Law (48047448923).jpg|thumb|View of the School of Law at Lincoln Center]]<br /> <br /> In 1954, New York City's [[Robert Moses]] wrote to Fordham administrators proposing Fordham might &quot;be interested in an alternative [to renting space in the [[New York Coliseum]]] involving a new building in a part of the area to the north of [[Columbus Circle]] to be redeveloped under Title One of the Federal Housing Law.&amp;nbsp;... If this idea appeals to you I will ask Mr. Lebwohl to see you and explain it in greater detail.&quot;{{Sfn|Gannon|1967|p=297}} In March 1958, Mayor [[Robert F. Wagner Jr.|Robert Wagner]] signed the deeds transferring the Lincoln Center campus to Fordham University.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=241}}<br /> <br /> The Lincoln Center campus is home to Fordham College at Lincoln Center and to a division of the School of Professional and Continuing Studies, as well as the School of Law, the Graduate Schools of Education and Social Service, and the Gabelli School of Business. The {{convert|8|acre|ha|adj=on}} campus occupies the area from West 60th Street to West 62nd Street between [[Columbus Avenue (Manhattan)|Columbus]] and [[Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)|Amsterdam]] Avenues, placing it in the cultural heart of Manhattan.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamfacts&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Fisherman-Fordham.jpg|thumb|right|''Peter, Fisher of Men'' statue]]<br /> <br /> Lincoln Center has two grassy plazas, built one level up from the street. The larger expanse was once a barren cement landscape known as &quot;Robert Moses Plaza;&quot;{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=206}} the smaller is known as &quot;St. Peter's Garden&quot; and contains a memorial to the Fordham students and alumni who perished in the [[September 11, 2001, attacks]]. The campus is served by public transit buses; the A, B, C, D, and 1 Subway trains, which are accessed at the [[59th Street – Columbus Circle (New York City Subway)|59th Street/Columbus Circle station]]; and the university's Ram Van shuttle. 9,078 undergraduate and postgraduate students are enrolled at Lincoln Center, of which 1,337 reside in University housing.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamfacts&quot;/&gt; The campus consists of the Leon Lowenstein Building, McMahon Hall, the Gerald M. Quinn Library, and the Doyle Building.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=277}} In the fall of 2014, the new freshman residence dormitory McKeon Hall opened, along with the new Fordham Law School building.&lt;ref name=mckeon&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.fordham.edu/fordham-magazine/mckeon-hall-15th-floor/|work=Fordham|title=McKeon Hall, 15th Floor|date=November 14, 2014|access-date=April 6, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The ''Toward 2016 Strategic Plan'' prescribed a complete reconfiguration of the Lincoln Center campus, to be completed by 2032.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fordham University Lincoln Center Master Plan Proposal Summary&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/fordhamuplans/proposal.html |title=Fordham University Lincoln Center Master Plan Proposal Summary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223002201/https://www.fordham.edu/fordhamuplans/proposal.html |archive-date=December 23, 2008 |publisher=Fordham University |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The first phase of the project, including renovations of the Lowenstein Building as well as a new Law School building and residence hall designed by [[Pei Cobb Freed &amp; Partners]], were completed in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://therealdeal.com/2011/01/18/fordham-university-begins-construction-on-new-250m-law-school-dorm-building-in-lincoln-center/|work=The Real Deal|date=January 18, 2011|access-date=December 26, 2016|title=Fordham begins construction on new $250M law school and dorm building}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fordham University Lincoln Center Master Plan Proposal Summary&quot; /&gt; In 2014, Fordham University purchased a building at 45 Columbus Avenue and incorporated it in its Lincoln Center campus as Joseph A. Martino Hall. The nine-story building is directly across the avenue from the former Law School building.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mercuri |first=Joanna |url=http://news.fordham.edu/university-news/fordham-offices-move-to-new-location-on-columbus-avenue/ |title=Fordham Offices Move to New Location on Columbus Avenue |publisher=News.fordham.edu |date=August 11, 2015|access-date=November 20, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Westchester===<br /> The Westchester campus is home to divisions of the School of Professional and Continuing Studies, the Martino Graduate School of Business Administration, and the Education and Social Service graduate schools. It consists of a three-story, {{convert|62500|sqft|m2|adj=on}} building on {{convert|32|acre|ha|1}} landscaped with a stream and pond. Fordham signed a 20-year lease for the facility, which includes 26 &quot;smart&quot; classrooms, faculty and administrative offices, a media center, a food service facility, and indoor and outdoor meeting areas.&lt;ref name=&quot;westchester&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/westchester/index.asp |title=Fordham Westchester |publisher=Fordham University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215214647/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/westchester/index.asp |archive-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2008, the university spent over $8&amp;nbsp;million renovating the building in order to increase its sustainability.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.fordham.edu/university-news/ribbon-cutting-marks-official-opening-of-fordham-westchester-2/|title=Ribbon Cutting Marks Official Opening of Fordham Westchester|work=Fordham Newsroom|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The campus is served by the [[White Plains (Metro-North station)|White Plains station]] of the [[Metro-North Railroad]] {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} away and connected by the Westchester County Bus System (&quot;[[Bee-Line Bus System|The Bee Line]]&quot;).<br /> <br /> ===London Centre===<br /> In October 2018, Fordham expanded its study abroad program in [[London]] to its own space, the London Centre.&lt;ref name=&quot;londonnews&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.fordham.edu/university-news/fordham-opens-new-london-centre/ |first=Tom | last=Stoelker |title=Fordham Opens New London Centre |work=Fordham News |date=October 31, 2018 |access-date=April 20, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The campus is situated in the [[Clerkenwell]] area of London, within the [[London Borough of Camden|London borough of Camden]].&lt;ref name=&quot;london&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/24623/london_centre|publisher=Fordham University|title=London Centre|access-date=April 20, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fordham's London Centre offers programs in business, theater, and the liberal arts to students from Fordham and other colleges and universities.&lt;ref name=&quot;london&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Town-gown relationships===<br /> [[File:Fordham LC 11 - Robert Moses Plaza.jpg|thumb|Robert Moses plaza at Lincoln Center]]<br /> <br /> Relations between Fordham and its surrounding neighborhoods vary according to campus. At Rose Hill, the university actively recruits Bronx students from disadvantaged backgrounds through the New York State [[Higher Education Opportunity Program]].&lt;ref name=&quot;heop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/20970/heop |title=Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOP) |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 29, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, about 80% of students participate in local community service.&lt;ref name=&quot;rhshandbook&quot;&gt;''Rose Hill Society Ambassador Handbook''.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The relationship between the Lincoln Center campus and some of the [[Upper West Side]] community residents have been strained, over campus development.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordhamobserver.com/fordham-responds-to-condo's-lawsuit/|work=The Fordham Observer|title=Fordham Responds to Condo's Lawsuit|author=Poretto, Anthony|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=April 9, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2010 the [[New York State Supreme Court]] dismissed a lawsuit against Fordham brought by The Alfred Condominium. The suit was filed in response to the university's expansion plans at Lincoln Center and their expected visual and auditory impact on the surrounding community.&lt;ref name=&quot;alfred&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordhamobserver.com/lincoln-center-expansion-lawsuit-dismissed/ |title=Lincoln Center Expansion Lawsuit Dismissed |work=The Fordham Observer |date=August 25, 2010 |access-date=April 8, 2017| author= Deninno, Nadine}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Lincoln Center campus does, however, have a lively connection to the artistic scene in Manhattan through its dance and theater productions and visual art exhibitions.&lt;ref name=&quot;rubenstein&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://atrium.lincolncenter.org/index.php/atrium-2012-ailey-fordham |title=Ailey Fordham |publisher=Atrium.lincolncenter.org |date=November 29, 2012 |access-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105234713/http://atrium.lincolncenter.org/index.php/atrium-2012-ailey-fordham |archive-date=November 5, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Academics==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em; width:280px;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#900028;color:white;text-align:left;&quot;| School || style=&quot;background:#900028;color:white;&quot;| Founded<br /> |-<br /> | Fordham College (Rose Hill) || {{center|1841}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fordham University School of Law|School of Law]] || {{center|1905}}<br /> |-<br /> | Fordham College (Lincoln Center) || {{center|1913}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fordham Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Graduate School of Arts and Sciences]] || {{center|1916}}<br /> |-<br /> | Graduate School of Education || {{center|1916}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fordham Graduate School of Social Service|Graduate School of Social Service]] || {{center|1916}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gabelli School of Business]] || {{center|1920}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fordham School of Professional and Continuing Studies|School of Professional and Continuing Studies]] || {{center|1944}}<br /> |-<br /> | Graduate School of Religion and Religious Education || {{center|1969}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Fordham University is composed of four undergraduate and six graduate schools,&lt;ref name=&quot;colleges&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/index.asp |title=Academics |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 13, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and its academic ethos is heavily drawn from its Jesuit origins.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=37}} The university promotes the Jesuit principles of ''[[cura personalis]]'', which fosters a faculty and administrative respect for the individual student and all of his or her gifts and abilities; ''[[magis]]'', which encourages students to challenge themselves and strive for excellence in their lives; and ''homines pro aliis'', which intends to inspire service, a universal charity, among members of the Fordham community.&lt;ref name=&quot;jesuittradition&quot; /&gt;{{efn|Fordham has been governed by a lay board of trustees since 1969, when it ceased being directly governed by the [[Society of Jesus]].{{sfn|Shelley|2016|p=403}} However, the university maintains its official Jesuit, Catholic affiliation and a curriculum in accordance with Jesuit educational principles, specifically ''[[cura personalis]]'', and each of its presidents since 1846 have been Jesuit priests. The university's Jesuit academic ethos privileges the liberal arts as a basis of education.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=114}}}}<br /> <br /> Through its International and Study Abroad Programs (ISAP) Office, Fordham provides its students with over 130 different study abroad opportunities. The programs range in duration from six weeks to a full academic year and vary in focus from cultural and language immersion to internship and service learning. Some of the programs are organized by Fordham itself, such as those in London, United Kingdom; Granada, Spain; and Pretoria, South Africa; while others are operated by partner institutions like [[Georgetown University]], the [[University of Oxford]], and the [[Council on International Educational Exchange]] (CIEE).&lt;ref name=&quot;isap&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/office_of_the_provos/office_of_internatio/international__study/index.asp |title=International and Study Abroad Programs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817004411/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/office_of_the_provos/office_of_internatio/international__study/index.asp |archive-date=August 17, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition to the ISAP programs, the university's constituent schools offer a range of study abroad programs that cater to their specific areas of study.&lt;ref name=&quot;gbaabroad&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bnet.fordham.edu/academics/international_programs/index.asp |title=Fordham Graduate School of Business :: Fordham University |publisher=Bnet.fordham.edu |date=October 28, 2003 |access-date=December 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104144805/http://www.bnet.fordham.edu/academics/international_programs/index.asp |archive-date=January 4, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fordham has produced 168 [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright scholars]] since 2003.&lt;ref name=fordhamfacts&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/20088/fordham_facts|publisher=Fordham University|title=Fordham Facts|access-date=May 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328195244/https://www.fordham.edu/info/20088/fordham_facts|archive-date=March 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Admissions===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |+ '''Undergraduate applicant statistics'''<br /> ! !!2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=University |first=Fordham |title=Undergraduate Admission Facts {{!}} Fordham |url=https://www.fordham.edu/undergraduate-admission/why-fordham/admission-facts/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720115038/https://www.fordham.edu/undergraduate-admission/why-fordham/admission-facts/ |archive-date=2024-07-20 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=www.fordham.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;!! 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=University |first=Fordham |title=Undergraduate Admission Facts {{!}} Fordham |url=https://www.fordham.edu/undergraduate-admission/why-fordham/admission-facts/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916124450/https://www.fordham.edu/undergraduate-admission/why-fordham/admission-facts/ |archive-date=2024-09-16 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=www.fordham.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;!! 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=University |first=Fordham |title=Undergraduate Admission Facts {{!}} Fordham |url=https://www.fordham.edu/undergraduate-admission/why-fordham/admission-facts/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251226055839/https://www.fordham.edu/undergraduate-admission/why-fordham/admission-facts/ |archive-date=2025-12-26 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=www.fordham.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;!! 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gosier |first=Chris |date=2026-03-25 |title=Record-High Applications, Strong Academic Achievement: A Look at Fordham’s Admitted Class of 2030 |url=https://now.fordham.edu/university-news/record-high-applications-strong-academic-achievement-a-look-at-fordhams-admitted-class-of-2030/ |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Fordham Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Preliminary admission statistics; enrollment statistics will be updated after the May 1 deposit deadline.}}<br /> |-<br /> ! Applicants<br /> | 43,633 || 43,330 || 43,640 || 54,000+<br /> |-<br /> ! Admits<br /> | 24,546 || 25,689 || 25,207 ||<br /> |-<br /> ! Admit rate<br /> | 56% || 59% || 58% || 47%<br /> |-<br /> ! Enrolled<br /> | 2,401 || 2,475 || 2,478 ||<br /> |}<br /> According to ''[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]]'', Fordham is considered a &quot;more selective&quot; university,&lt;ref name=&quot;usnewsrankings&quot;/&gt; while a 2013 ''[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]]'' survey published in the ''New York Times'' classed the university as &quot;highly competitive&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/04/04/business/economy/economix-selectivity-table.html|work=The New York Times|title=Ranking Colleges by Selectivity<br /> |date=April 4, 2013|access-date=June 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In its 2018 edition, admissions selectivity to Fordham's undergraduate schools received a reclassification by ''Barron's'' Profiles of American Colleges to &quot;Most Competitive&quot; after being &quot;Highly Competitive+&quot; in its 2017 edition, and reported 74% of enrolled freshmen as ranking in the top 20% of their high school class.<br /> <br /> In 2016, the university accepted approximately 43% of all applicants across both its undergraduate and graduate programs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fordhamram.com/2016/04/13/fordham-acceptance-rate-drops/|work=The Fordham Ram|title=Fordham Acceptance Rate Drops|author=Carrejo, Cate|access-date=May 17, 2017| date=April 13, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; For the undergraduate class of 2019, Fordham accepted 20,366 of the 42,811 applicants (47.6%) and enrolled 2,211.&lt;ref name=&quot;CommonDataSet15-16&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/download/downloads/id/6408/common_data_set_2015-2016.pdf|title= Common Data Set 2015–16 |publisher=Fordham University|access-date=March 29, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The middle 50% range of [[SAT]] scores for enrolled freshmen was 580–670 for critical reading, 590–680 for math, and 590–680 for writing, while the [[ACT (examination)|ACT]] Composite middle 50% range was 28–33.&lt;ref name=&quot;CommonDataSet15-16&quot;/&gt; The average high school [[GPA]] of incoming freshmen was 3.64.&lt;ref name=&quot;CommonDataSet15-16&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Undergraduate curriculum===<br /> [[File:Church, Fordham University from northeast end (4803445032).jpg|thumb|left|[[Fordham University Church]], Rose Hill, viewed from the northeast]]<br /> <br /> All undergraduates pursuing [[bachelor's degree]]s at Fordham are required to complete the Core curriculum, a distribution of 17 courses in nine disciplines: [[English studies|English]], mathematical/computational reasoning, [[social science]], philosophy and ethics, history, [[fine arts]], [[religious studies]], [[natural science]], and modern or [[Classical antiquity|Classical]] languages. Based on the curriculum established by the Society of Jesus in the sixteenth century, the Core is shared by Jesuit schools all over the world and emphasizes the [[liberal arts]] as a basis of education.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=114}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ratio&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12654a.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ratio Studiorum |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=June 1, 1911 |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Undergraduate students are expected to have finished most of the core requirements as a [[sophomore]]; a wide variety of courses can be applied to satisfy the requirements.&lt;ref name=&quot;core&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/colleges__graduate_s/undergraduate_colleg/fordham_college_at_r/academics/core_curriculum_19658.asp |title=Core Curriculum, Fordham College at Rose Hill (FCRH) |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Upon the completion of the Core Curriculum, students choose from approximately 50 major courses of study, in which they will receive their degree.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamfacts&quot;/&gt; One option is the &quot;personalized interdisciplinary major&quot;, which allows students to create their own course of study across various disciplines.&lt;ref name=&quot;indmajor&quot;&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Fordham University |title=Individualized Program |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823140517/http://www.fordham.edu/info/20526/majors_and_minors/1868/individualized |url=http://www.fordham.edu:80/info/20526/majors_and_minors/1868/individualized |archive-date=August 23, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to the bachelor's degrees offered to undergraduates, the university also offers specialized academic programs, including pre-medical and health professions;&lt;ref name=&quot;premed&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/colleges__graduate_s/undergraduate_colleg/fordham_college_at_r/academic_advising/prehealth/ |title=Pre-Health/Pre-Medical Professions Advising, Fordham College at Rose Hill (FCRH)|publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; pre-professional programs in architecture, law, and criminal justice;&lt;ref name=&quot;prearch&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.fordham.edu/info/20814/curriculum/1674/pre-architecture_program |title=Pre-Architecture Program |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;crimjustice&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/sociology__anthropol/undergraduate_degree/index.asp |title=Undergraduate Degree |publisher=Fordham University |date=July 18, 2013 |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; a [[3-2 engineering]] program, in conjunction with [[Columbia University|Columbia]] and [[Case Western Reserve University|Case Western Reserve]] universities;&lt;ref name=&quot;32engineer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/engineering/32_cooperative_progr_75053.asp|title=3–2 Cooperative Program in Engineering|publisher=Fordham University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215211434/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/engineering/32_cooperative_progr_75053.asp|archive-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; a five-year teacher certification program;&lt;ref name=&quot;teachercert&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/colleges__graduate_s/undergraduate_colleg/fordham_college_at_r/academics/majors_and_minors_19657.asp#tchr8 |title=Majors, Minors, and Certificate Programs; Fordham College at Rose Hill (FCRH) |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an Applied Public Accountancy ([[Certified Public Accountant|CPA]] certification) program;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/20526/majors_and_minors/1890/public_accounting|title=Public Accounting|series=Majors and Minors|last=Lehmann|first=Donna J.|publisher=Fordham University|access-date=June 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727220946/https://www.fordham.edu/info/20526/majors_and_minors/1890/public_accounting|archive-date=July 27, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; a [[Bachelor of fine arts|BFA]] program in dance, in conjunction with the [[Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater]];&lt;ref name=&quot;aileydance&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theaileyschool.edu/BFA|title=B.F.A. Program &amp;#124;|work=The Ailey School|date=November 1, 2001|access-date=December 15, 2013|archive-date=May 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512003048/http://www.theaileyschool.edu/BFA|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as cross-registration opportunities with the [[Juilliard School]] for advanced music students.&lt;ref name=&quot;juilliard&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/enewsroom/inside_fordham/january_17_2012/provost_issues_under/fordham_college_at_l_81365.asp |title=Fordham College at Lincoln Center |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Graduate programs===<br /> {{See also|Fordham Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Fordham University School of Law|Fordham Graduate School of Social Service}}<br /> [[File:Fordham University 02.JPG|thumb|right|Keating Hall, administrative headquarters of the [[Fordham Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Graduate School of Arts &amp; Sciences]], Rose Hill]]<br /> <br /> [[Master's degree|Master's]] and [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctoral]] degrees are offered through the [[Fordham Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Graduate School of Arts and Sciences]], the [[Fordham University School of Law|School of Law]], the Graduate School of Education, the [[Fordham Graduate School of Social Service|Graduate School of Social Service]], the Gabelli School of Business, and the Graduate School of Religion and Religious Education. Fordham's graduate programs in business, education, English, history, law, psychology, and social work were all ranked among the top 100 in the nation by the 2016 ''[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/fordham-university-191241/overall-rankings|work=U.S. News &amp; World Report|title=Fordham University – U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings|access-date=April 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fordham participates in the Inter-University Doctoral Consortium, which allows its doctoral students to take classes at a number of schools in the New York metropolitan area.&lt;ref name=&quot;doctorconsort&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/colleges__graduate_s/graduate__profession/arts__sciences/gsas_programs__degre/doctoral_consortium_22046.asp |title=Doctoral Consortium |publisher=Fordham University |archive-date=January 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123015553/http://www.fordham.edu/info/21265/academics/2388/consortium_programs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Fordham's [[medical school]] officially closed in 1919, and its College of Pharmacy followed suit in 1972.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=140}} Nevertheless, the university continues its tradition of medical education through a collaboration with the [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]] at [[Yeshiva University]]. The partnership allows Fordham undergraduate and graduate science students to take classes, conduct research, and pursue early admission to select programs of Einstein. In addition, it involves a physician mentoring program, which permits students to shadow an attending physician at Einstein's [[Montefiore Medical Center]].&lt;ref name=&quot;einstein&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.einstein.yu.edu/news/releases/253/fordham-and-yeshiva-boost-science-medical-offerings-through-agreement/ |title=Fordham And Yeshiva Boost Science/Medical Offerings Through Agreement &amp;#124; Albert Einstein College of Medicine |work=Albert Einstein College of Medicine |publisher=Yeshiva University |date=October 29, 2008 |access-date=December 15, 2013 |archive-date=December 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215211626/http://www.einstein.yu.edu/news/releases/253/fordham-and-yeshiva-boost-science-medical-offerings-through-agreement/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Research===<br /> {{See also|Fordham University Press|William D. Walsh Family Library}}<br /> [[File:Walsh Library, Fordham.jpg|thumb|left|[[William D. Walsh Family Library]], Rose Hill]]<br /> <br /> The university is [[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching|classified]] among &quot;R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;carnegie&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://carnegieclassifications.acenet.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=191241 |title=Fordham University: Institution Profile |work=The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education |date=2023 |accessdate=January 18, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fordham University Library System contains over 2.5 million volumes and 3.1 million microforms, subscribes to 16,000 periodicals including electronic access, and has 19,300 audiovisual materials. It is a depository for 363,227 [[United States Government]] documents.{{sfn|Praeger|2010|p= 858}} The university's Interlibrary Loan office provides students and faculty with virtually unlimited access to the over 20 million volumes of the New York Public Library System as well as to media from the libraries of Columbia University, [[New York University]], the [[City University of New York]], and other libraries around the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;illiad&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.library.fordham.edu/services/illservices.html |title=Interlibrary Loan Services (ILL) – Fordham University Libraries |publisher=Library.fordham.edu |access-date=December 15, 2013 |archive-date=August 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821144011/http://www.library.fordham.edu/Services/illServices.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fordham's libraries include the [[Walsh Family Library|William D. Walsh Family Library]], ranked in 2004 as the fifth best collegiate library in the country,&lt;ref name=&quot;princetonlib&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Franek|first= Robert| title=The Best 351 Colleges|publisher= Princeton Review|year= 2003| isbn=978-0-375-76337-3|edition= 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Science Library at the Rose Hill campus; the Gerald M. Quinn Library and the Leo T. Kissam Memorial Law Library at the Lincoln Center campus; and the Media Center at the Westchester campus. In addition to the university's formal libraries, several academic departments, research institutes, and student organizations maintain their own literary collections.&lt;ref name=&quot;medievallib&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/mvst/ |title=Center for Medieval Studies |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Rose Hill campus's [[Duane Library]], despite its name, is no longer a library but offers reading and study space for students.&lt;ref name=&quot;duanelib&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/audience/tours/rh_map/13_duane_library.shtml |title=Fordham University Rose Hill Campus |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Duane Library, Rose Hill.jpg|thumb|right|[[Duane Library]], Rose Hill]]<br /> <br /> Fordham maintains several special collections housed in museums and galleries on campus. The Fordham Museum of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Art is at the Rose Hill campus and contains more than 200 artifacts from [[Classical antiquity]], including: [[sculpture]]s, [[mosaic]]s, [[ceramic]]s and [[pottery]], [[coin]]s, and [[inscriptions]], among other items. A gift from alumnus William D. Walsh, it is the largest collection of its kind at any college or university in the New York metropolitan area.&lt;ref name=&quot;antiquities&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Pogrebin, Robin|title=Fordham Opens Its Gift: An Antiquities Museum|work=The New York Times|date=December 6, 2007|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/06/arts/design/06muse.html|access-date=December 28, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The university maintains an extensive art collection, which is housed in exhibition spaces at the Rose Hill and Lincoln Center campuses and in galleries around New York City.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamart&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/enewsroom/inside_fordham/december_3_2012/news/universitys_art_coll_89661.asp |title=University's Art Collection Takes Form |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Finally, the university possesses a sizable collection of rare books, manuscripts, and other print media, which is housed in the O'Hare Special Collections Room at the Walsh Library.&lt;ref name=&quot;litcollection&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.library.fordham.edu/archives/archive.html |title=Archives and Special Collections |work=Fordham Library Services |access-date=December 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302063736/http://www.library.fordham.edu/archives/archive.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Other research facilities include the [[Louis Calder Center]], a 114-acre biological field station&lt;ref name=&quot;Calder about&quot; /&gt; and the middle site along an {{convert|81|mi|km|adj=on}} urban-forest transect known as the Urban-Rural Gradient Experiment;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/21458/about_us/3002/urban-rural_gradient|title=Urban-Rural Gradient, The Louis Calder Center|website=Fordham University|access-date=March 13, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; the William Spain Seismic Observatory, a data collection unit for the [[US Geological Survey]]; and other facilities.&lt;ref name=&quot;physics&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/physics/history_73327.asp |title=History |publisher=Fordham University |date=December 17, 1964 |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a member of the Bronx Scientific Research Consortium, which also includes the [[New York Botanical Garden]], the [[Bronx Zoo]], the Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University, and Montefiore Medical Center.&lt;ref name=&quot;bxsciconsort&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = https://news.fordham.edu/education-and-social-services/fordham-partners-with-four-bronx-institutions/ |title=Fordham Partners with Four Bronx Institutions |website=Fordham University |date=July 18, 2013|access-date=March 13, 2021 |first=Nicole |last=Larosa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Fordham faculty have conducted research with such institutions as the [[Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center]], [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], and organizations worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;losalamos&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://news.fordham.edu/science/professor-discovers-new-form-of-nuclear-matter/ |title=Professor Discovers New Form of Nuclear Matter |website=Fordham University |date=January 17, 2012 |access-date=March 13, 2021 |first=Patrick |last=Verel}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Fordham University Press]], the university's publishing house and an affiliate of [[Oxford University Press]], primarily publishes humanities and social sciences research.&lt;ref name=&quot;oup&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://news.fordham.edu/inside-fordham/press-strikes-distribution-deal-with-oxford/ |title=Press Strikes Distribution Deal with Oxford |website=Fordham University |date=September 20, 2010 |access-date=March 13, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The university also hosts an Undergraduate Research Symposium every year during the spring semester and publishes the ''Undergraduate Research Journal'' in conjunction with the symposium.&lt;ref name=&quot;furs&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |journal = The Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal |publisher=Fordham University |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141218131947/http://www.fordham.edu/info/20332/the_fordham_undergraduate_research_journal |archive-date = December 18, 2014 |url = http://www.fordham.edu:80/info/20332/the_fordham_undergraduate_research_journal |title=Fordham online information &amp;#124; Academics &amp;#124; Colleges and Schools &amp;#124; Undergraduate Schools &amp;#124; Fordham College at Rose Hill &amp;#124; Undergraduate Research &amp;#124; the Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal }}&lt;/ref&gt; It facilitates research opportunities for undergraduates with such organizations as the [[National Science Foundation]], [[The Cloisters]], and the [[American Museum of Natural History]].&lt;ref name=&quot;higgs&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McClain |first=Joseph |url = http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2012/media-turn-to-wm-physicist-for-higgs-boson-explanations123.php |title = Media turn to W&amp;M physicist for Higgs boson explanations |publisher=William &amp; Mary |date=July 5, 2012 |access-date = December 18, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Honor societies and programs===<br /> [[File:Alpha House, Fordham University.jpg|thumb|upright|Alpha House, Rose Hill]]<br /> <br /> Fordham's undergraduate schools all offer honors programs for their students.&lt;ref name=&quot;bulletin&quot;&gt;''Undergraduate Bulletin 2010–2012''. Fordham University, 2009. Print.&lt;/ref&gt; The programs' curricula are modified versions of the Core Curriculum. For example, the Fordham College Honors Program, a community of scholars for justice,&lt;ref name=&quot;hprh&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/28534/rose_hill_honors_program |title=Rose Hill Honors Program |website=Fordham University |access-date=March 13, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; offers a [[Great books|Great Books]] curriculum with seminar-style classes and a senior research thesis in each student's major. Most honors students are inducted into the programs upon admission to the university, though some are invited at the end of their first year. Each program has a designated study space for its members, including Alpha House for the Fordham College Honors Program and the honors wing of Hughes Hall for the Global Business Honors Program. Upon graduating from the university, honors students receive the designation of ''in cursu honorum'' on their diploma and transcripts.&lt;ref name=&quot;honors&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/28537/rose_hill_honors_program_overview |title = Rose Hill Honors Program Overview |website=Fordham University |access-date=March 13, 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Military education===<br /> [[File:FORDHAM UNIVERSITY DUI (vectorized).svg|thumb|upright|Insignia of the Fordham [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|ROTC]] unit]]<br /> <br /> The Fordham Military Science program is available to all undergraduate and graduate students, regardless of their chosen course of study. It is also available to students at more than fifty other colleges and universities in the New York metropolitan area. The program consists of membership and training in the Ram Battalion of the Army [[Reserve Officer Training Corps]] (ROTC) and a sequence of military science classes taught on campus.&lt;ref name=&quot;rotc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.fordham.edu/academics/special_programs/army_rotc_ram_battal/ |title=Army ROTC Ram Battalion |publisher=Fordham University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215214458/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/special_programs/army_rotc_ram_battal |archive-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Participants in the program are also eligible to enroll in the [[Air Force ROTC]] program at [[Manhattan University]] and the [[Navy ROTC]] program at [[State University of New York Maritime College|SUNY Maritime College]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rotc&quot; /&gt; In 2011, Fordham Military Science began offering a combat nursing program in conjunction with [[Regis University]] and the [[University of Colorado at Denver]].&lt;ref name=&quot;nursing&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.fordham.edu/academics/special_programs/army_rotc_ram_battal/army_rotc_scholarshi/nursing_scholarships_29947.asp |title = Nursing Scholarships |publisher=Fordham University |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140905162142/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/special_programs/army_rotc_ram_battal/army_rotc_scholarshi/nursing_scholarships_29947.asp |archive-date=September 5, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Military Science program has several notable alumni, including former Secretary of State [[Colin Powell]], four-star General [[Jack Keane|John M. Keane]], and at least four recipients of the [[Medal of Honor]]. Furthermore, it has been distinguished as being in the top fifteen percent of military science programs in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url = https://nypost.com/2011/06/08/rotcs-nyc-boycott/ |title = ROTC's NYC boycott |last=Report |first=Post Staff |date=June 8, 2011 |website=New York Post |access-date=June 16, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rotc&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to its ROTC program, the university contributes to military education through its Veterans Initiative, which provides full-tuition scholarships and other benefits to post-9/11 veterans of the U.S. military. Because of the initiative, Fordham was named one of the 25 best colleges in the country for veterans in 2013 by ''[[Military History Monthly]]'' Magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;vets&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.fordham.edu/academics/veterans_initiative/ |title=Fordham Veterans Initiative |publisher=Fordham University |archive-date=November 14, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131114211229/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/veterans_initiative/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Rankings and reputation===<br /> [[File:O'Hare Hall dormitory.jpg|thumb|left|O'Hare Hall at Rose Hill campus]]<br /> {{Infobox US university ranking<br /> &lt;!-- U.S. rankings --&gt;| USNWR_NU = 91 (tie)<br /> | THE_WSJ = 185<br /> | Forbes = 118<br /> | Wamo_NU = 215<br /> | QS_W = 1001–1200<br /> | THES_W = 601–800<br /> | USNWR_W = 1164 (tie)<br /> | ARWU_W = 801–900<br /> }}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; style=&quot;max-width: 22em;&quot;<br /> |+''[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]]''&lt;br /&gt;Graduate Program Rankings&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/fordham-university-191241/overall-rankings|magazine=U.S. News &amp; World Report|title=Fordham University: Grad School Rankings|access-date=September 26, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Biological Sciences<br /> | 190<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gabelli School of Business|Business]]<br /> | 80<br /> |-<br /> | Clinical Psychology<br /> | 74<br /> |-<br /> | Education<br /> | 39<br /> |-<br /> | English<br /> | 51<br /> |-<br /> | History<br /> | 79<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fordham University School of Law|Law]]<br /> | 27<br /> |-<br /> | Psychology<br /> | 131<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fordham Graduate School of Social Service|Social Work]]<br /> | 25<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> | Sociology<br /> | 102<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Fordham University is ranked by several national organizations. In 2025, the university was ranked tied for No. 91st by ''[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]]'' in &quot;Best National Universities,&quot; tied at No. 57 in &quot;Best Colleges for Veterans&quot;, tied at 40th for &quot;Best Undergraduate Teaching&quot;, 73rd in &quot;Top Value Schools&quot;, and tied for 153rd in &quot;Top Performers on Social Mobility&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;usnewsrankings&quot;&gt;{{cite web |year=2025 |title=Fordham University Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/fordham-university-2722/overall-rankings |access-date=February 8, 2025 |magazine=U.S. News &amp; World Report}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2019, ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked the university 141st among &quot;Top Colleges&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/colleges/fordham-university/|title=Fordham University|work=Forbes|access-date=March 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; while ''[[Kiplinger]]'' ranked it 62nd of ''100 Best Values in Private Universities'' in 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;kiplinger&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kiplinger.com/article/college/t014-c000-s002-past-years-rankings-of-top-private-college-values.html |title=Past Years' Rankings of Top Private College Values|work=Kiplinger |date=July 25, 2019 |access-date=March 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> For 2021, UniRanking listed Fordham fifth among the top Catholic Universities in the world and fourth among US schools.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.4icu.org/top-religious-universities/catholic/|title=The Top Catholic Universities in the World|access-date=July 4, 2022|archive-date=June 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602131041/https://www.4icu.org/top-religious-universities/catholic/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Fordham has also been named one of the country's [[Hidden Ivies]],{{efn|Fordham was included in the third edition of the ''[[Hidden Ivies]]'' published in 2016.&lt;ref name=hidden3&gt;{{cite book|title=The Hidden Ivies, 3rd Edition: 63 of America's Top Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities|series=Greene's Guides|edition=3rd|publisher=Collins Reference|year=2016|author1=Greene, Howard|author2=Greene, Matthew W.|pages=198–202|isbn= 978-0-062-42090-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} which are classed as &quot;renowned academic institutions&quot; that &quot;rival the [[Ivy League]].&quot;&lt;ref name=hidden2&gt;{{cite book|title=The Hidden Ivies, 2nd Edition: 50 Top Colleges—from Amherst to Williams —That Rival the Ivy League|series=Greene's Guides|edition=2nd|publisher=Collins Reference|year=2009|author1=Greene, Howard|author2=Greene, Matthew W.|isbn=978-0-061-72672-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The AACSB accredited Gabelli School of Business was ranked tied for tenth in &quot;Undergraduate International Business Rankings&quot; by ''U.S. News &amp; World Report'' for 2021,&lt;ref name=usnewsrankings/&gt; and in 2016, ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'' ranked it the 27th best undergraduate business school in the nation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-best-undergrad-business-schools/| title=Fordham University: Gabelli School of Business – Undergraduate Profile|work=Bloomberg|access-date=July 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629042436/https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-best-undergrad-business-schools/|archive-date=June 29, 2017| last1=Levy| first1=Francesca| last2=From| first2=Jonathan Rodkin}}&lt;/ref&gt; For 2021, USN&amp;WR ranked Gabelli undergrad business 63rd. For 2022, Poets and Quants ranked Gabelli #1 for Corporate, Social and Environmental Responsibility and #10 for Best EMBA programs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://poetsandquants.com/2022/03/16/this-new-york-city-mba-program-has-been-making-waves-and-just-made-its-biggest-yet/ |title=This New York City MBA Program Has Been Making Waves — And Just Made Its Biggest Yet |website=poetsandquants.com |date=March 16, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also for 2022, The Economist posted their list of the top 100 MBA programs in the world where only 50 were US programs. Gabelli was listed 94th.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://poetsandquants.com/2022/06/22/the-economists-2022-ranking/6/|title=Another Mind-Boggling MBA Ranking: The Economist's 2022 List |date=June 22, 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Gabelli Business School's MBA program tied for 80th among &quot;America's Best Business Schools&quot; by ''U.S. News &amp; World Report''.&lt;ref name=&quot;usnewsrankings&quot;/&gt; The Fordham Law School in 2020 was ranked 27th in ''U.S. News &amp; World Report''{{'}}s ranking of &quot;America's Best Law schools&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;usnewsrankings&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Fordham University Lincoln Center Campus.JPG|left|thumb|View of the Lincoln Center Campus]]<br /> <br /> ==Athletics==<br /> {{Main|Fordham Rams}}<br /> [[File:Fordham baseball card c. 1910.jpg|thumb|left|College series Fordham baseball card, {{circa}} 1910]]<br /> [[File:Fordham University Rams football at Yankee Stadium, 1940.jpg|thumb|right|The Rams football team in [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] on November 30, 1940, during a game against [[NYU Violets football|NYU]]]]<br /> <br /> The university supports 21 men's and women's [[Varsity team|varsity]] athletic teams, as well as various club and [[intramural]] sports.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fordhamsports.com/#|title=Fordham University Rams Athletics|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fordham colors are maroon and white and its mascot is the [[Bighorn sheep|ram]]. In most varsity sports, the Rams compete in [[NCAA Division I|Division I]] of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] and are a member of the [[Atlantic 10 Conference]]. The football team, however, plays in [[NCAA Division I FCS]] and is an associate member of the [[Patriot League]], reported to be the most academically selective NCAA conference after the [[Ivy League]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamfacts&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;patleague&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.patriotleague.org/ |title=Patriot League Official Athletic Site |publisher=PatriotLeague.org |date=October 9, 2013 |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Ram's football team ended the 1929 season as title holders according to college football's fictitious national championship,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.footballgeography.com/college-footballs-fictitious-lineal-national-championship/|work=Football Geography|title=College Football's Fictitious Lineal National Championship|date=October 30, 2013|access-date=April 5, 2017|author=McKillop, Andrew|archive-date=July 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723060450/http://www.footballgeography.com/college-footballs-fictitious-lineal-national-championship/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; boasts two bowl game appearances (1941 and 1942), two Patriot League championships (2002 and 2007) and corresponding [[NCAA Division I Football Championship]] appearances. It is best known, however, for the &quot;[[Seven Blocks of Granite]],&quot; a name given to the team's 1928 and 1936 offensive lines. The 1936 team was coached by &quot;Sleepy&quot; [[Jim Crowley]], one of the [[University of Notre Dame]]'s famed &quot;[[Four Horsemen (American football)|Four Horsemen]],&quot; and included [[Vince Lombardi]], the legendary [[Green Bay Packers]] coach. The team provoked the term &quot;Ivy League&quot; after ''[[New York Herald Tribune]]'' sportswriter [[Caswell Adams]] called then powerhouses [[Princeton University|Princeton]] and [[Yale]] &quot;only Ivy League&quot; compared to this Fordham team. Moreover, the [[Los Angeles Rams]] NFL franchise was named in honor of Fordham's football heritage.&lt;ref name=&quot;stlouis&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stlouisrams.com/team/history.html |title=History |publisher=St. Louis Rams |access-date=December 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203234650/http://www.stlouisrams.com/team/history.html |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Fordham [[Fordham Rams men's basketball|men's basketball program]] has made four [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] appearances and 16 [[National Invitational Tournament]] appearances. During the 1971 season, the program enjoyed its best campaign ever, compiling a 26–3 record and earning a No. 9 national ranking. That team was coached by [[Digger Phelps]], who accepted an offer to coach [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball|Notre Dame]] after the 1971 season ended. [[P. J. Carlesimo|Peter &quot;PJ&quot; Carlesimo]] was a reserve on Fordham's 1971 team; he later became the head coach of the [[Brooklyn Nets]] [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] franchise and was involved in a famous choking incident with [[Latrell Sprewell]].{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=306}} Fordham basketball plays in the [[Rose Hill Gymnasium]] (also known as &quot;The Prairie&quot;), the oldest on-campus venue in use by an NCAA Division I basketball team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/7202696/ncb-nation-oldest-basketball-stadiums-including-yale-bulter-espn-magazine|title=Mag: Yale, Bulter among nation's oldest basketball stadiums|publisher=ESPN|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:FU-CU2015.jpg|thumb|Fordham football in [[The Liberty Cup]] against [[Columbia Lions football|Columbia]] at [[Jack Coffey Field]], 2015]]<br /> [[File:Fordham baseball field 1902.jpg|thumb|left|A game against [[Yale Bulldogs baseball|Yale]] on the Fordham baseball field, April 1902]]<br /> <br /> The Rams baseball program is among the oldest in the nation and was the first college baseball team to play the game according to modern rules. The program has launched the careers of 57 [[Major League Baseball]] players, including [[National Baseball Hall of Fame]] inductee [[Frankie Frisch]] (also known as the &quot;Fordham Flash&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/college/fordham_university_baseball_players.shtml|title=Fordham University Baseball Players Who Made it to a Major League Baseball Team|website=Baseball-almanac.com|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=343}} In April 2010, a Fordham baserunner made national headlines when he [[somersault]]ed over an opposing team's catcher to score a run during a game. The incident was dubbed the &quot;Fordham Flip.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100421&amp;content_id=9468692&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=mlb |title=Amazing 'Fordham Flip' has fans abuzz &amp;#124; Major League Baseball: News |publisher=Major League Baseball |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Rams baseball team holds the record for most [[NCAA Division I college baseball team statistics|NCAA Division I baseball victories]] in history.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/schools/index.cgi?key_school=c0ead9dd|title=Baseball Reference: Fordham|access-date=January 1, 2009|publisher=Baseball Reference|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808220146/http://www.baseball-reference.com/schools/index.cgi?key_school=c0ead9dd|archive-date=August 8, 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Curry, Jack|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/06/sports/baseball/06fordham.html|title=For 150 Years, Fordham Baseball's Tradition of Winning|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 5, 2009|access-date=July 30, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are eight women's teams on campus. The women's basketball team won the Atlantic 10 championship in 2014, advancing to the first round of the [[NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Watts|first1=Mike|title=Fordham Wins Atlantic 10 Championship|url=http://www.wfuv.org/sports/fordham-sports/140310/fordham-wins-atlantic-10-championship|access-date=June 25, 2014|publisher=WFUV|date=March 10, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; This feat came just 6 years after the team set an NCAA record for the worst season, finishing the season 0–29 in 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Fordham women set NCAA mark with 0–29 season|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/college/womensbasketball/2008-03-01-fordham-gw_N.htm|access-date=June 25, 2014|work=[[USA Today]]|date= March 1, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The university's programs include [[track and field]], which claims world record holder and Olympic gold medalist [[Tom Courtney]] as an alumnus;{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=233}} [[sailing (sport)|sailing]], which is headquartered at the Morris Yacht and Beach Club in [[City Island, Bronx]]; [[rowing (sport)|crew]], which rows out of the Peter Jay Sharp Boathouse on the [[Harlem River]] and frequents the [[Henley Royal Regatta]] in the United Kingdom; and [[golf]], which is affiliated with the [[Winged Foot Golf Club]] in [[Mamaroneck]], New York.<br /> <br /> ==Student life==<br /> ===Groups and activities===<br /> [[File:Collins Hall Rose Hill, Fordham.jpg|thumb|right|Collins Auditorium, theater at Rose Hill and home to the philosophy department]]<br /> <br /> Clubs and organizations for undergraduate and graduate students number over 130 at the Rose Hill campus and 50 at Lincoln Center.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/21466/student_organizations|title=Fordham online information {{!}} Student Life {{!}} Student Organizations|publisher=Fordham University|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;osl&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/student_affairs/student_leadership__/index.asp |title=Student Leadership &amp; Community Development |publisher=Fordham University |archive-date=October 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026043903/https://www.fordham.edu/student_affairs/student_leadership__/index.asp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Fordham College at Rose Hill has a long history of college theater.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|pages=124, 185}} The university maintains a number of theater groups at both Lincoln Center and Rose Hill (e.g. the Mimes and Mummers, Fordham Experimental Theater, the Theatrical Outreach Group, Splinter Group). There are also choirs (University Choir, Schola Cantorum, Gloria Dei Choir) and [[a cappella]] groups spanning both campuses (Fordham Ramblers, Satin Dolls, b-Sides, Hot Notes, F-sharps). The Mimes and Mummers, the oldest entirely student-run club at Fordham University and among the oldest college theater groups in the United States, was founded in 1855 as the Saint John's Dramatic Society.&lt;ref name=&quot;themimesandmummers.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Kelley|first1=Tim|title=The History of The Mimes and Mummers|url=http://www.themimesandmummers.com/history-of-the-mimes.html|website=The Mimes and Mummers|access-date=June 19, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Mimes put on two musicals, a drama, and a comedy each year – all non-student-written shows – as well as workshops designed to help students at Fordham learn about theater. The club receives from the school a budget which allows the hiring of professional directors, music directors, and choreographers but the shows are student produced, with all elements of technical design run by the club's executive board.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Mimes and Mummers|url=http://www.themimesandmummers.com/|website=The Mimes and Mummers|access-date=June 19, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1905, with the construction of Collins Hall, Fordham University became the first place on the East Coast of the United States to have a theater in the round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJ8bAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Penthouse%20Theatre%20fordham |title=Theatre Arts |date=1949 |publisher= |volume=33 |pages=62, 65 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Penthouse Theatre, on the fourth floor of Collins Hall, served both for debuts of professional shows and home for theater groups like the Mimes and Mummers. The Penthouse Theatre was turned into office space in 1966.&lt;ref name=&quot;themimesandmummers.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1990, Alumni House, believed to be constructed in 1842 by William Rodrigue as a personal residence, an architect involved in the building of much of the early campus, was turned into a student-run space. Despite this account being questioned by the NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission in the report of its listing, it came to be known as Rodrigue's Coffee House.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1084.pdf | title=Landmarks Commission Report}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rodrigue's, more commonly referred to as &quot;Rod's&quot; is an entirely student run coffee house and event space. Notable artists such as [[Frankie Cosmos]], [[Matt and Kim]], [[Japanese Breakfast]], and [[Dreamcrusher]] have performed at Rod's.<br /> <br /> ===Media===<br /> The university has a number of student publications, including ''The Fordham Ram'',&lt;ref&gt;[https://thefordhamram.com/ ''The Fordham Ram'']&lt;/ref&gt; the university's official journal of record; ''[[Fordham Observer|The Observer]]'', the newspaper for the Lincoln Center campus;{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=195}} the ''Fordham Political Review'', the university's &quot;undergraduate publication dedicated to politics, economics, social sciences, international affairs, and culture&quot;;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://fordhampoliticalreview.org/about-2/|title=About|date=September 28, 2016|work=FORDHAM POLITICAL REVIEW|access-date=December 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Rival'', an online-only student-run publication;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fordham.therival.news/about|title=The Rival at Fordham University – About|website=fordham.therival.news|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''the paper'', a student-run free-speech alternative journal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=the paper|title=the paper website|url=http://fupaper.blog/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207192603/https://fupaper.blog/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=February 7, 2017|website=the paper}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[WFUV]] is Fordham's 50,000-watt radio station, broadcasting on 90.7 [[FM broadcasting|FM]]. Founded in 1947, the station serves approximately 350,000 listeners weekly in the New York City metropolitan area. It is a [[National Public Radio]] affiliate and has an [[adult album alternative|adult alternative]] format on weekdays and a [[Variety (US radio)|variety]] format on weekends.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=344}} In 2017 ''[[The Princeton Review]]'' ranked WFUV the second best college radio station in the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.princetonreview.com/schools/1023254/college/fordham-university|work=The Princetown Review|title=Fordham University|access-date=April 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Campus ministry===<br /> [[File:Blue Chapel Keating Hall.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Blue Chapel (Fordham University)|Blue Chapel]] in Keating Hall, Rose Hill]]<br /> <br /> The purpose of Campus Ministry at Fordham is to provide &quot;opportunities and resources for spiritual growth to members of [the university] community.&quot; It offers programming for more than 15 faith traditions in such areas as worship, music ministry, and social ministry. One of its most popular initiatives is its retreats, which are held at the university's McGrath House of Prayer in [[Goshen, New York]], and other retreat houses in the New York City metropolitan area.&lt;ref name=&quot;campmin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/mission/mission_and_ministry/campus_ministry/index.asp |title=Campus Ministry |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition to its Jesuit traditions, the university also has organizations devoted to Judaism, Islam, and other religions.&lt;ref name=spaces&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/26119/interfaith_ministry/111/campus_worship_spaces|publisher=Fordham University|title=Campus Worship Spaces|access-date=April 10, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The university has a church and numerous chapels across its campuses. At Rose Hill are the [[Fordham University Church|University Church]] which houses Our Lady's Chapel in the basement;{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=378}} the [[Blue Chapel (Fordham University)|Blue Chapel]] on the third floor of [[Keating Hall]];{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=222}} the Sacred Heart Chapel in Dealy Hall; the St. Robert Bellarmine Chapel at Spellman Hall; along with chapels at several student residence halls.&lt;ref name=spaces/&gt; At the Lincoln Center campus is the Bl. Rupert Meyer Chapel in the Leon Lowenstein Building.&lt;ref name=spaces/&gt;<br /> <br /> In conjunction with the Office of Mission and Ministry, Global Outreach (GO!) operates as a cultural immersion and service program where students learn about various issues of social, economic, political, and environmental injustice while living a simple lifestyle that fosters communal and spiritual growth.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordham.edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/info/20097/global_outreach|title=Fordham online information – About – Faith and Service – Mission Integration and Planning – Global Outreach|last=Fordham|website=Fordham.edu|access-date=November 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Teams consist of approximately 10 students, one student leader, and one chaperone to live, work, and learn with partnering organizations. Building on the Jesuit tenets of Men and Women for Others, Magis, and Contemplatives in Action, GO! has grown over the years to include more than 30 projects throughout the United States and countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordham.edu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/info/20118/our_story|title=Global Outreach: Our Story|website=Fordham.edu|access-date= July 14, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; GO!'s roots stretch back to the 1950s, when Fordham students were participating in various service and immersion projects. In the 1970s and '80s it became known as the Mexico project, with students coining the term Global Outreach in 1988.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordham.edu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Dorothy Day]] Center for Service and Justice is responsible for overseeing Fordham's various community service and humanitarian initiatives. Grounded in the Jesuit principle of training &quot;men and women for others&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://onlineministries.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMinistry/men-for-others.html|title=Men for Others|website=onlineministries.creighton.edu|access-date=June 16, 2017|archive-date=June 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609013443/https://onlineministries.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMinistry/men-for-others.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; the center organizes projects in such areas as poverty, hunger, education, and disaster relief.&lt;ref name=&quot;dorothyday&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/mission/mission_and_ministry/dorothy_day_center_f/index.asp |title=Dorothy Day Center For Service &amp; Justice |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result of the Dorothy Day Center's efforts, the university performed approximately one million hours of service in 2011, ranking it sixth among universities country-wide in terms of community outreach.&lt;ref name=&quot;commservrank&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide/rankings_2011/national_university_rank.php |title=National University Rankings 2011 |work=Washington Monthly |archive-date=December 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211083849/http://washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide/rankings_2011/national_university_rank.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A popular volunteer location among students is the Jesuit Health Care Center at the Rose Hill campus where students interested in nursing gain practical experience.&lt;ref name=&quot;murray&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nysj.org/s/316/nypsj.aspx?pgid=1003&amp;gid=1 |title=New York Province Society of Jesus – Province Health Care Center |publisher=Nysj.org |access-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215214625/http://nysj.org/s/316/nypsj.aspx?pgid=1003&amp;gid=1 |archive-date=December 15, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Dorothy Day Center also offers a pre-orientation &quot;Urban Plunge&quot; program, introducing incoming freshmen to social justice issues in New York City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/20883/first_year_experience/1787/experience_nyc_urban_plunge|title=Experience NYC: Urban Plunge|work=Fordham University|access-date=March 21, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Fordham Manor, Bronx, NY, USA - panoramio (2).jpg|thumb|right|Fordham's Rose Hill campus is home to one of the largest collections of mature [[Ulmus americana|American elms]] in the United States.&lt;ref name=initiatives/&gt;]]<br /> <br /> ===Sustainability===<br /> In order to increase its sustainability, the university has committed to reducing its [[greenhouse gas emissions]] by 30% in 2017. In addition, it has pledged to employ low-flow faucets and shower heads, use sustainable materials like reprocessed flooring, recycle up to 90% of its debris, and seek [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] Silver certification in its construction of new facilities on campus. Also, the Department of Grounds Maintenance at Fordham has committed to making half of its vehicle fleet electric by 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;sustainability&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/23673/sustainability_at_fordham|title=Sustainability at Fordham |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The university has also proposed numerous environmental initiatives, including using certified green cleaning products, a uniform recycling program, and [[compost]]ing in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden.&lt;ref name=initiatives/&gt;<br /> <br /> Fordham's Rose Hill campus is home to one of the largest collections of mature [[Ulmus americana|American elms]] in the country, the oldest estimated to be 270 years old.&lt;ref name=initiatives&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/23674/green_campus_initiatives|publisher=Fordham University|title=Green Campus Initiatives|series=Sustainability at Fordham|access-date=July 9, 2017|archive-date=September 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923173639/https://www.fordham.edu/info/23674/green_campus_initiatives}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditions and symbols==<br /> ===Traditions===<br /> Since its founding in 1841, the university has developed many traditions. Some of them are described below:<br /> <br /> * The President's Ball takes place every autumn on the eve of the [[Homecoming]] football game. It is a [[informal attire|business formal]] event held in the Vince Lombardi Field House. It is hosted by the Office of the President, from which the name is derived.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fordhamram.com/2014/09/17/presidents-ball-a-night-to-remember/|work=The Fordham Ram|title=President's Ball: A Night to Remember|date=September 17, 2014|access-date=June 14, 2017|author=Bhatti, Amina}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Fordham University 10.JPG|thumb|right|Statue of Archbishop Hughes gifted in 1891, Rose Hill campus{{Sfn|Taaffe|2013|p=137}}]]<br /> * The Winter Ball is a [[business casual]] event staged each winter by the United Student Government and the Activities Board of Lincoln Center, at venues in New York City including the [[Rainbow Room]], the [[Russian Tea Room]], and the [[Mandarin Oriental, New York|Mandarin Oriental]] Hotel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/25214/winter_ball|title=Fordham online information {{!}} Student Life {{!}} Student Involvement {{!}} Office for Student Involvement at Lincoln Center {{!}} Winter Ball|publisher=Fordham University|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The &quot;Under the Tent&quot; Dance is a [[smart casual]] event held the weekend before final exams. Sponsored by the university's [[Residence Halls Association]], it takes place underneath a tent on Martyrs' Lawn, Fordham's second-largest quadrangle, and has a different theme each year. The dance is part of the Spring Weekend Festival, which also includes two concerts, a barbecue, a race around the Rose Hill campus, and a comedy show.&lt;ref name=&quot;sprwknd&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Arts and Culture Film Literature Museum Music Theater |url=http://www.fordhamobserver.com/spring-weekend-a-success-despite-low-expectations/ |title=Spring Weekend a Success Despite Low Expectations |publisher=Fordhamobserver.com |date=May 2, 2015 |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The dance was previously held at the Lincoln Center campus as well, but was replaced in 2015 by an end-of-the-year event called &quot;The Bash&quot;.<br /> * The Festival of Lessons and Carols: The Fordham University Concert Choir presents a series of [[Nine Lessons and Carols]] every year during the Christmas season. An afternoon concert is performed at the University Church on the Rose Hill campus, and an evening concert is performed at the [[St. Paul the Apostle Church (Manhattan)|St. Paul the Apostle Church]] adjacent to the Lincoln Center campus.&lt;ref name=&quot;lessons&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_2001.asp |title=The Christmas Festival of Lessons and Carols |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Each semester, the official beginning of the final exam period is marked by a &quot;midnight breakfast&quot;, at which Fordham administration and professors cook students their favorite breakfast items so as to prepare them for the long night of studying ahead of them.&lt;ref name=&quot;midbkfst&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/enewsroom/inside_fordham/may_19_2007/in_brief_25907.asp#bkfst |title=Students Line Up for Midnight Breakfast|series=In Brief|publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The name comes from &quot;burning the midnight oil&quot; with studies, not from the time of the breakfast.<br /> * The [[Liberty Cup]] was awarded annually to the winner of the football game between Fordham and Columbia universities. The tradition began in 2002, a year after the Fordham-Columbia game was postponed due to September 11 attacks.&lt;ref name=&quot;libcup&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/enewsroom/archives/archive_969.asp |title=Football Team Beats Columbia, Reclaims Liberty Cup |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{as of|2016}}, the series was ended by Columbia.<br /> * The Rams-Crusader Trophy in football was first awarded in 1951 to commemorate a great coach of both Fordham and Holy Cross: [[Frank Cavanaugh (American football)|Frank &quot;Iron Major&quot; Cavanaugh]].{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=395}}<br /> * Fordham College at Rose Hill hosts an [[Encaenia]] each year in early May. Faculty, administrators, and students process in [[academic regalia]], and candidates for degrees at the current year's Commencement receive various awards and honors. The ceremony includes a sentimental speech by the year's [[valedictorian]], as well as a generally more humorous, yet equally endearing, speech by the honorary Lord or Lady of the Manor.&lt;ref name=&quot;encaenia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/enewsroom/archives/archive_1254.asp |title=FCRH Accomplishments Honored at Encaenia Ceremony |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Symbols===<br /> In addition to its traditions, Fordham is associated with a number of symbols, some of which are discussed below:<br /> [[File:Ram statue, Fordham Rose Hill.png|thumb|right|Statue of the Ram, the university mascot, Rose Hill]]<br /> <br /> * The university's official color used to be [[magenta]], one which was shared by [[Harvard University]]. Since it was confusing for the two schools to be wearing the same color during athletic competitions, the matter of which school could lay claim to magenta was to be settled through a series of baseball games. Fordham won the games, but Harvard reneged on its promise. Both schools continued to use the color until 1874, when the Fordham student government unanimously agreed to change to maroon. Maroon was chosen because it was not widely used at the time. Sometime later, Harvard stopped using magenta in favor of crimson.&lt;ref name=&quot;bulletin&quot;/&gt;<br /> * The ram became the university's mascot as a result of a slightly vulgar cheer Fordham fans sang during an 1893 football game against the [[United States Military Academy]]. The fans began cheering, &quot;One-damn, two-damn, three-damn, Fordham!&quot; which was an instant hit. Later, &quot;damn&quot; was sanitized to &quot;ram&quot; so the song would conform to the university's image.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=107}}<br /> * Presented to Fordham by Fleet Admiral [[Chester W. Nimitz]] ('44) of the [[United States Navy|US Navy]], the Victory Bell was the [[ship's bell]] of the Japanese aircraft carrier ''[[Japanese aircraft carrier Jun'yō|Junyo]]''. First rung on campus by President Harry S. Truman on May 11, 1946, it currently stands in front of the Rose Hill Gymnasium and peals following all Ram athletic victories and at the start of Commencement each year.&lt;ref name=&quot;bulletin&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Seal of Fordham University.png|thumb|left|University seal]]<br /> <br /> * The design of the Great Seal of Fordham University acknowledges the Society of Jesus presence on campus, hence elements of the order's [[coat of arms]] in the center on a light-purple [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|shield]], without the usual [[sunburst]] background. The borrowed elements include the IHS monogram used by the Jesuits as an abbreviation for the name of Jesus in Greek: ''IHSOUS'', in this case with the [[Christian cross|Cross]] resting on the center of the H, and the three nails of the [[Crucifixion of Jesus|Crucifixion]] beneath the [[epigraphy|epigraph]]. These elements dressed in gold lay on the purple shield framed in maroon, the color of the university, with silver [[fleur-de-lis]] strung together atop the bordering frame at the edge of the shield. The fleur-de-lis symbolize the French origin of the Jesuits who arrived at Fordham in 1846. Immediately above the central shield rests the [[laurel crown]] in green on a light blue background, enclosing the university's original pedagogical disciplines in white capital letters listed above each other in the following order: ARTS, SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY, MEDICINE, LAW. Below the shield is a light blue scroll with the university's motto in black capital letters, ''SAPENTIA ET DOCTRINA''. Both the shield and the scroll rest on a gold field emblematic of learning (''doctrina''), upon which surrounds them with 14 fiery tongues of the [[Holy Spirit]], evenly distributed, a symbol of wisdom (''sapientia''). Finally, surrounding the entire seal is an heraldic belt, which is employed as a stylistic decoration. It forms a circular maroon loop embroidered with green beads on its inner and outer edge, with a gold buckle and end tip. The belt is emblazoned with Fordham's official Latin title in gold capital letters: ''UNIVERSITAS FORDHAMENSIS''; between the last two punch holes where the buckle is fastened and the end looped inside to wrap around, is in gold the date of the university's founding: ''1841''. The University of Oxford, the only other [[higher education|tertiary institution]] in the world that uses a belt in its seal, maintains that without its belt, their seal is not official.&lt;ref name=&quot;bulletin&quot;/&gt;<br /> [[File:Fordham &quot;Ram&quot; March and Two Step.jpg|thumb|right|Fordham's [[fight song]], &quot;Fordham Ram&quot; by J. Ignatius Coveney{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=107}}]]<br /> * The [[Ceremonial mace|mace]] of Fordham is traditionally carried at Commencement by the president of the Faculty Senate, who serves as the grand marshal of the main academic procession. The device, four feet in length, bears a regal [[Crown (heraldry)|crown]] at the summit to denote the sole power of the [[State of New York]] to grant academic degrees in its territory. Above the crown is a cross composed of four windmill sails, which signify the Catholic faith and the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] founders of New York City, respectively. The center of the cross displays a heraldic [[rose]], which symbolizes Rose Hill. Immediately beneath the crown is a support, on which the university's seal is emblazoned. The upper node of the mace's staff is decorated with three heraldic roses, the Fordham seal, a ram's head, and a silhouette of the original Lincoln Center campus skyline. The titles of the university's constituent colleges are engraved above the node, and the names of the school's presidents from 1841 to 1966 are inscribed below it. The mace was a gift to the university from the Fordham University Alumni Federation.&lt;ref name=&quot;bulletin&quot;/&gt;<br /> * The terrace of the presidents: Robert Gannon, president of Fordham from 1936 to 1949, initiated the custom of engraving the granite steps leading up to Keating Hall with the names of heads of state who visit the university. Among the names engraved are George Washington, who visited the Rose Hill Manor before it was succeeded by St. John's College in 1841; Franklin Delano Roosevelt; Harry S. Truman; Richard Nixon; and the names of various other heads of state from around the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;bulletin&quot;/&gt;<br /> * Fordham's official school song is &quot;Alma Mater Fordham,&quot; and its [[fight song]] is &quot;Fordham Ram&quot; by J. Ignatius Coveney.{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=107}} In December 2013 the lyrics to &quot;Fordham Ram&quot; were changed from &quot;Hail Men of Fordham, hail&quot; to &quot;Hail Rams of Fordham, hail&quot; to be inclusive of the school's female majority.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://legacy.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_3046.asp|title=And Now, Hail Rams of Fordham|website=Legacy.fordham.edu|access-date= July 14, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;The Marching Song&quot; is typically played during parades and after athletic games, especially after a Ram victory.&lt;ref name=&quot;songs&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/audience/sheetmusic.shtml |title=&quot;The Ram&quot; Sheet Music |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215214736/http://www.fordham.edu/audience/sheetmusic.shtml |archive-date=December 15, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Alumni and faculty==<br /> {{Excessive examples|section|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Main list|List of Fordham University people|List of Fordham University faculty}}<br /> {{Main category|Fordham University people}}<br /> [[File:Keating Hall tower and clock.jpg|thumb|right|Keating Hall tower, Rose Hill]]<br /> &lt;!-- PLEASE do not add to this without suggesting the addition on the discussion board first. This is already long, and there is just not enough room here to include all of the possible alumni here. The &quot;List of Fordham University people&quot; is the proper place for most listings. --&gt;<br /> Fordham has over 183,500 alumni spread throughout the world, with 40 regional alumni chapters in the US and abroad.&lt;ref name=&quot;fordhamfacts&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Geraldine Ferraro]], the first female vice presidential candidate of a major political party in the United States, attended Fordham,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Geraldine-Ferraro-Dead-at-75-118706824.html|work=NBC New York|title=Geraldine Ferraro Dies at 75|date=March 30, 2011|access-date=April 17, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; as did numerous [[United States congress]]persons. [[List of Governors of New York|Former New York State Governor]] [[Andrew Cuomo]] is an alumnus,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.biography.com/people/andrew-cuomo-21024931 | title=Andrew Cuomo Biography: Government Official, Lawyer (1957–)| publisher= [[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV channel)|FYI]] / [[A&amp;E Networks]]) | access-date= May 25, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; as was [[Martin H. Glynn]], the 40th governor of New York (1913–1914) and first Catholic to hold the office.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000247|title=Glynn, Martin Henry – Biographical Information|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date=December 28, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Among those serving at high levels of the U.S. Executive Branch were Postmaster General [[John E. Potter]];&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/postmaster-general-john-e-potter-bronx-native-helped-mail-moving-32-years-article-1.472400|work=Daily News|location=New York|title=Postmaster General John E. Potter, a Bronx native, helped keep mail moving for 32 years|author=DeFrank, Thomas|date=December 5, 2010|access-date=April 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Central Intelligence Agency|Central Intelligence Directors]] [[William J. Casey]] (1981 to 1987)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/07/obituaries/william-casey-ex-cia-head-is-dead-at-74.html|title=WILLIAM CASEY, EX-C.I.A. HEAD, IS DEAD AT 74<br /> |date=May 7, 1987|access-date=April 16, 2017|author=Pace, Eric}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[John O. Brennan]] (2013 to 2017);&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/john-o-brennan.html|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|title=John O. Brennan|access-date=April 17, 2017|archive-date=July 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722222938/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/john-o-brennan.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[John N. Mitchell]], [[U.S. Attorney General|Attorney General]] from 1969 to 1972;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/10/obituaries/john-n-mitchell-dies-at-75-major-figure-in-watergate.html|title=John N. Mitchell Dies at 75; Major Figure in Watergate |work=The New York Times|date=November 10, 1988|access-date=January 21, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Bernard M. Shanley]], Deputy [[Chief of Staff]] and [[White House Counsel]] to President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]. President [[Donald Trump]] attended for two years and studied economics but left in 1966, transferring to the [[University of Pennsylvania]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=KOZUB |first=SOPHIE |title=Inside Trump's Days at Fordham |url=https://fordhamobserver.com/30994/recent/news/inside-trumps-days-at-fordham/ |access-date=December 11, 2022 |website=The Observer |quote=Trump's days at Fordham concluded with the end of the spring 1966 semester...he traded the ivy-mantled walls of Fordham's Rose Hill campus for an ivy league degree.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ram |first=The Fordham |date=February 4, 2021 |title=&quot;A bit of a loner,&quot; Former Classmates Remember Donald Trump in the Bronx |url=https://fordhamram.com/62224/news/a-bit-of-a-loner-former-classmates-remember-donald-trump-in-the-bronx/ |access-date=December 11, 2022 |website=The Fordham Ram |language=en-US |quote=Trump often touted his standing as a business graduate from the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League school, in 1968, but usually omits his first two years studying economics at Fordham's Rose Hill campus.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Fordham claims a number of distinguished military honorees, including three [[Medal of Honor]] recipients and notable [[general staff|generals]] including [[Jack Keane|General John &quot;Jack&quot; Keane]], four-star general and [[United States Army|Army]] vice chief of staff, and [[Martin Thomas McMahon|Major General Martin Thomas McMahon]], decorated [[American Civil War]] officer. Fordham has produced college and university presidents for at least 10 institutions around the United States, including two for [[Georgetown University]] and one each for [[Columbia University]] and [[New York University]], and produced [[Robert Kibbee]], the Chancellor of the [[City University of New York]]. [[Francis Spellman|Cardinal Francis Spellman]] oversaw the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archdiocese of New York]]. [[James B. Donovan]] defended [[Rudolph Abel]] in his spy trial and negotiated the release of [[Francis Gary Powers]]. [[Archduchess Charlotte of Austria]], daughter of the last Austrian Emperor, [[Charles I of Austria|Charles I]], studied at the School of Social Sciences.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mecklenburg-strelitz.org/charlotte-erzherzogin-von-osterreich.html |work=The Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |title=Archduchess Charlotte of Austria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405231829/http://mecklenburg-strelitz.org/charlotte-erzherzogin-von-osterreich.html |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fordhamram.com/2017/04/fordham-graduate-princess-serves-others/|title=Fordham Graduate Princess Serves Others|last=Quinlisk|first=Katie|date=April 26, 2017|website=The Fordham Ram|access-date=November 9, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Business and finance magnates who attended Fordham include [[Wendy Craigg]], former Governor of the [[Central Bank of The Bahamas|Central Bank of the Bahamas]]; [[Anne M. Mulcahy]], chairperson and CEO of [[Xerox]];{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=142}} [[Rose Marie Bravo]], vice chairman and CEO of [[Burberry]];&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2005-A-Fi/Bravo-Rose-Marie.html|title=Rose Marie Bravo Biography – children, parents, name, school, mother, young, born, college, time – Newsmakers Cumulation|website=Notablebiographies.com|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[E. Gerald Corrigan]], President of the [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/02/business/fed-s-plumber-e-gerald-corrigan-crisis-manager-takes-mechanics-market.html|work=The New York Times| title=THE FED'S PLUMBER: E. Gerald Corrigan; A Crisis Manager Takes on the Mechanics of the Market<br /> |author=Quint, Michael|date=October 2, 1988|access-date=December 30, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Maria Elena Lagomasino]], CEO of JP Morgan Private Bank;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/business/making-sure-the-rich-stay-rich-even-in-crisis.html|work=The New York Times|date=October 7, 2001|access-date=April 17, 2017|author=Fabrikant, Geraldine|title=Making Sure the Rich Stay Rich, Even in Crisis<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Joe Moglia]], former chairman and CEO of [[TD Ameritrade]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2015/11/19/he-left-ceo-millions-to-coach-college-and-its-10-times-better-than-rudy/|work=New York Post|title=He left CEO millions to coach college and it's '10 times better than Rudy'|author=Kussoy, Howie|date=November 19, 2015|access-date=April 17, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Stephen J. Hemsley]], CEO of [[UnitedHealth Group]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/people/14003331-stephen-j-hemsley|work=Bloomberg|title=Stephen Hemsley Chief Executive Officer, Unitedhealth Group Inc|access-date=April 17, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Wellington Mara]], [[New York Giants]] owner;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/giants/examining-mara-family-tree-ny-giants-seek-fourth-super-bowl-patriots-article-1.1016405|work=Daily News|location=New York|title=Examining the Mara family tree as the NY Giants seek their fourth Super Bowl against Patriots|author1=Walder, Seth |author2=Red, Christian |date=February 3, 2012|access-date=April 17, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[John D. Finnegan]], chairman, president, and CEO of [[Chubb Corporation]]; [[Mario Gabelli]], billionaire and founding CEO of [[GAMCO Investors]]; [[Lorenzo Mendoza]], billionaire and CEO of [[Empresas Polar]]; [[Eugene Shvidler]], billionaire and international oil tycoon;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/evgeny-eugene-shvidler/|title=Evgeny (Eugene) Shvidler|work=Forbes|access-date=June 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Frank A. Calderoni|Frank Calderoni]], CEO of [[Anaplan]].<br /> <br /> In the media and communications field, Fordham has produced [[Charles Osgood]], three-time [[Emmy Award]] and two-time [[Peabody Award]]-winning journalist for [[CBS]] and [[Radio Hall of Fame]] inductee; [[Louis Boccardi]], President of the [[Associated Press]]; [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning journalist [[Loretta Tofani]]; [[Jim Dwyer (journalist)|Jim Dwyer]], [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning columnist and author; [[G. Gordon Liddy]], President Richard Nixon associate and leader of the [[White House Plumbers]], political [[Pundit (expert)|pundit]], and radio show host; NPR's ''[[All Things Considered]]'' host [[Scott Detrow]]; and Baseball Hall of Fame broadcaster and Radio Hall of Famer [[Vin Scully]].<br /> <br /> Fordham's contributors to arts and entertainment include [[Denzel Washington]], two-time [[Academy Award]] and two-time [[Golden Globe Award]]-winning actor;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/enewsroom/archives/archive_545.asp |title=Denzel Washington Returns to Acting Roots |publisher=Fordham.edu |date=October 28, 2003 |access-date=April 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628183701/http://www.fordham.edu/campus_resources/enewsroom/archives/archive_545.asp |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Alan Alda]], six-time [[Emmy Award]] and six-time [[Golden Globe Award]]-winning actor;{{Sfn|Schroth|2008|p=224}} Academy Award-nominated actress [[Patricia Clarkson]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.fordham.edu/arts-and-culture/patricia-clarkson-shares-insights-on-acting/|work=Fordham News|title=Patricia Clarkson Shares Insights on Acting|date=December 12, 2006|access-date=June 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dylan McDermott]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/dylan-mcdermott-9542247|work=Biography.com|publisher=The Biography Channel|title=Dylan McDermott|access-date=April 17, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; actress [[Taylor Schilling]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fordhamobserver.com/fordhams-taylor-schilling-is-the-new-black/|work=Fordham Observer|title=Fordham's Taylor Schilling is the New Black|date=September 23, 2013|access-date=April 17, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; actress and comedian [[Regina Hall]];&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pix11.com/2015/08/11/people-places-things-stars-regina-hall-and-jermaine-clement-talk-about-the-new-comedy/|work=Pix 11|title='People Places Things' stars Regina Hall and Jemaine Clement talk about the new comedy|date=August 11, 2015|access-date=May 8, 2016|archive-date=June 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603054151/http://pix11.com/2015/08/11/people-places-things-stars-regina-hall-and-jermaine-clement-talk-about-the-new-comedy/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Grammy award|Grammy]]-nominated singer-songwriter [[Lana Del Rey]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/biographies/lana-del-rey|title=Lana Del Rey Biography, Quotes and Facts|last=Sowray|first=Bibby|date=February 10, 2012|access-date=December 28, 2016|work=Vogue}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mary Higgins Clark]], best-selling suspense novelist;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Bruns|first=Ann|title=Mary Higgins Clark Biodata|work=bookreporter.com|publisher=The Book Report, Inc|date=May 5, 2000|url=http://www.bookreporter.com/authors/mary-higgins-clark|access-date=September 9, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; horror novelist and playwright [[Robert Marasco]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.regis.org/article_centennial.cfm?id=926 |work=Regis High School|title=Robert Marasco '54's Child's Play Chosen as Regis Repertory's Centennial Year Production|date=October 11, 2013|access-date=May 1, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; postmodern novelist [[Don DeLillo]], acclaimed novelist and Pulitzer Prize nominee; [[Robert Sean Leonard]], [[Golden Globe]]-winning television show actor;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last = Klein |first = Alvin |title = For Stage Novice, 'Acting Is It' |url = https://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F50713FD3B5C0C768CDDA80894DE484D81 |work=The New York Times |date=January 5, 1986| access-date=January 17, 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bob Keeshan]] of TV's award-winning &quot;[[Captain Kangaroo]]&quot;;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/23/obituaries/bob-keeshan-who-played-captain-kangaroo-on-tv-is-dead-at-76.html |work=The New York Times|date=January 23, 2004 |access-date=April 17, 2017 |title=Bob Keeshan, Who Played Captain Kangaroo on TV, Is Dead at 76 |last = Severo |first = Richard }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[John LaFarge]], painter, muralist, and designer of stained-glass windows. [[John Gilmary Shea]], regarded as the &quot;Father of American Catholic History&quot;, is also an alumnus.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://news.fordham.edu/fordham-magazine/wisdom-and-learning/ |work = Fordham Magazine |title=Wisdon and Learning |access-date=June 14, 2017 |date=December 23, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Michael Alig]], infamous club promoter of '90s New York City nightlife, also attended Fordham. Comic actor and voice artist &quot;[[Bill Lobley]]&quot; is an alumnus as well.<br /> <br /> People from the world of sports who attended Fordham include [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] inductee [[Frankie Frisch]] (the &quot;Fordham Flash&quot;); [[Vince Lombardi]], football coaching legend; [[Bill Chadwick]], [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] inductee; [[Tom Courtney]], two-time Olympic gold medalist and holder of the world record in the 880-yard run; and [[Steve Bellán]], the first [[Latin American]] to play [[Major League Baseball]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/78dbf37d|work=Society for American Baseball Research|title=Steve Bellán|access-date=April 9, 2017|author=McKenna, Brian}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In popular culture==<br /> [[File:Keating first floor auditorium.jpg|thumb|Keating Hall Auditorium, popular filming location at Rose Hill]]<br /> Fordham's Rose Hill campus was named the second most-filmed campus in North America by ''Noodle Education'' in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.noodle.com/articles/7-college-campuses-youve-seen-over-and-over-again-in-movies|work=Noodle|title=7 College Campuses You've Seen (Over and Over Again) in Movies|author=D'Arpino, Adam|date=July 18, 2014|access-date=December 29, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Films shot on the campus include:&lt;ref name=&quot;filmfiction&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fordham.libguides.com/c.php?g=279582&amp;p=1863480|title=Fordham University History: Fordham in Film and Fiction|series=LibGuides|work=Fordham University Libraries|access-date=April 8, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Adjustment Bureau]]'' (2011), ''[[A Beautiful Mind (film)|A Beautiful Mind]]'' (2001), ''[[Cheerleaders Beach Party]]'' (1978), ''[[The Exorcist]]'' (1973), ''[[Fair Game (2010 film)|Fair Game]]'' (2010), ''[[The Gambler (1974 film)|The Gambler]]'' (1974), ''[[Godspell (film)|Godspell]]'' (1973), ''[[Kinsey (film)|Kinsey]]'' (2004), ''[[Love Story (1970 film)|Love Story]]'' (1970), ''[[Quiz Show (film)|Quiz Show]]'' (1994), ''[[Solitary Man (film)|Solitary Man]]'' (2009), ''[[The Verdict]]'' (1982), and ''[[Wall Street 2: Money Never Sleeps]]'' (2010).&lt;ref name=&quot;inthearts&quot;/&gt; The 1993 crime drama ''[[A Bronx Tale]]'' is set in the Belmont neighborhood adjacent to the Rose Hill campus.&lt;ref name=&quot;inthearts&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theramonline.com/culture/fordham-is-famous-movies-filmed-right-here-on-campus-1.1931716 |work=The Ram |publisher=Fordham University Press |author=Ramirez, Sarah |title=Fordham is Famous: Movies Filmed Right Here on Campus |archive-date=January 4, 2012 |date=September 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104092705/http://www.theramonline.com/culture/fordham-is-famous-movies-filmed-right-here-on-campus-1.1931716#.TwQbfOTP200 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Lincoln Center campus appeared in ''[[Awake (2007 film)|Awake]]'' (2007) and ''[[Center Stage (2000 film)|Center Stage]]'' (2000).&lt;ref name=filmfiction/&gt;<br /> <br /> Television programs filmed at Fordham include ''Shattered Vows'', a 1984 television film starring [[Valerie Bertinelli]], which portrays the true story of a young nun in the 1960s who goes to Fordham for her master's degree and falls in love with a priest; ''[[White Collar (TV series)|White Collar]]''; ''[[Naked City (TV series)|Naked City]]''; ''Saturday Night Live''; ''[[Chappelle's Show]]''; and the 2009 [[U2]] performance on ''[[Good Morning America]]''. The series ''[[Forever (2014 TV series)|Forever]]'' features the new Gabelli building and McMahon dorm. In the second episode of CBS's ''[[Madam Secretary (TV series)|Madam Secretary]]'' the Fordham commons are used in two scenes serving in lieu of Georgetown University.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fordhamdaily.com/2014/09/23/madam-secretary-new-cbs-drama-films-at-rose-hill/|work=Fordham Daily|title='Madam Secretary,' new CBS drama, films at Rose Hill|date=September 23, 2014| author=Ryan, Connor|access-date=March 30, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Jesuit educational institutions]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Informational notes===<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=c7qtUyjgHrEC&amp;q=Sonek%20Pran%20FORDHAM&amp;pg=PA50 |title = A Singular Destiny |publisher=Simon and Schuster |first = Keith R. A. |last=DeCandido |year=2009 |isbn = 978-1-4165-9813-8 |oclc=891899042 }}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Fordham: Up to the Present |last=Gannon|first=Robert Ignatius|publisher=Doubleday |year=1967 |location=Garden City, NY |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QSsx1V0MNfoC |oclc=834479906 }}<br /> * {{cite book |editor1-last = Kurian |editor1-first = George Thomas |editor2-last = Lamport |editor2-first = Mark A. |title = Encyclopedia of Christian Education |volume=3 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-8108-8492-2 |oclc=881399583 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Praeger |year=2010 |title=American Universities and Colleges |volume=2 |edition= 19th |publisher= Praeger |isbn= 978-0-313-36611-6 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Schroth |first=Raymond A. |title = Fordham: A History and Memoir |edition=rev. |publisher=Fordham University Press |location=New York |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8232-2977-2 |oclc=727645703 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Shelley |first= Thomas J. |title=Fordham, A History of the Jesuit University of New York: 1841–2003 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Fordham University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8232-7151-1 |oclc=6933280401 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Taaffe |first=Thomas Gaffney |title = A History of St. John's College |publisher=The Catholic Publication Society Co. (reprinted by Nabu Press) |orig-year=1891 |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-293-08042-9 }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> * {{cite book |last=Feddeck |first=Fred C. |title = Hale Men of Fordham: Hail! |publisher = Trafford Publishing |year= 2001 |isbn =978-1-55212-577-9 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Marrone |first=Debra J. Caruso |title = Fordham University &amp; the United States: A History |publisher=E-Lit |year=2012 |isbn = 978-0-9894011-1-1 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{ccat}}<br /> * {{Official website}}<br /> * [https://fordhamsports.com/ Athletics website]<br /> * {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Fordham |short=x}}<br /> <br /> {{Fordham University}}<br /> {{Navboxes<br /> |titlestyle = background:#900028; color:#FFFFFF; {{box-shadow border|a|#E1E1E1|1px}} <br /> |list =<br /> {{Education in the Bronx}}<br /> {{Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities}}<br /> {{NYC Colleges}}<br /> {{Education in Westchester County, New York}}<br /> {{Harrison, New York}}<br /> {{Atlantic 10 Conference navbox}}<br /> {{Patriot League navbox}}<br /> {{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{Subject bar |Catholicism |New York City |auto=1|d=1}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fordham University| ]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in New York City]]<br /> [[Category:Jesuit universities and colleges in the United States|Fordham]]<br /> [[Category:Catholic universities and colleges in New York (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in the Bronx]]<br /> [[Category:Fordham, Bronx]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Manhattan]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Westchester County, New York]]<br /> [[Category:Harrison, New York]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1841]]<br /> [[Category:1841 establishments in New York (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities]]<br /> [[Category:Private universities and colleges in New York City]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nava_Gadi_Nava_Rajya&diff=521228 2026-03-28T12:21:38Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2022 Indian Marathi language TV series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | genre = [[Drama]]<br /> | company = Black Coffee Production<br /> | writer = Pralhad Kudtarkar<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | director = Shailesh Dhere<br /> | starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | image = Nava Gadi Nava Rajya ZM.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | num_episodes = 442<br /> | producer = [[Shruti Marathe]] &lt;br&gt; Gaurav Ghatanekar<br /> | news_editor = <br /> | location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|08|08}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2023|12|23}}<br /> | related = <br /> | network = [[Zee Marathi]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Nava Gadi Nava Rajya''''' ({{translation|New Member New Rule}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Team Nava Gadi Nava Rajya to go off-air, last episode to air on December 23rd - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/team-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-to-go-off-air-last-episode-to-air-on-december-23rd/articleshow/106015880.cms |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars [[Pallavi Patil]], [[Anita Date-Kelkar]] and Kashyap Parulekar in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Team Nava Gadi Nava Rajya shoots a special episode at Lalbaugcha Raja; deets inside - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/team-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-shoots-a-special-episode-at-lalbaugcha-raja-deets-inside/articleshow/93995685.cms |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It premiered from 8 August 2022 by replacing ''[[Tujhya Majhya Sansarala Aani Kay Hava!]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anita Date Kelkar is excited to play Rama's character in Nava Gadi Nava Rajya, says &quot;It's a challenge&quot; - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/anita-date-kelkar-is-excited-to-play-ramas-character-in-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-says-its-a-challenge/articleshow/93267145.cms |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is directed by Shailesh Dhere and produced by [[Shruti Marathe]] and Gaurav Ghatnekar under the banner of Black Coffee Production.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: &quot;After Mann Udhan Varyache, I waited for many years to play a lead,&quot; says Nava Gadi Nava Rajya actor Kashyap Parulekar - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-after-mann-udhan-varyache-i-waited-for-many-years-to-play-a-lead-says-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-actor-kashyap-parulekar/articleshow/93517566.cms |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It ended on 23 December 2023 completing 442 episodes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pallavi Patil is happy to be back on Marathi TV; says &quot;This is an adventure for me&quot; - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/pallavi-patil-is-happy-to-be-back-on-marathi-tv-says-this-is-an-adventure-for-me/articleshow/93274422.cms |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Summary ==<br /> Anandi is a village girl who has dream of happy married life. She gets engaged to Raghav Karnik who has already married and had one daughter, but still Anandi married to Raghav and Raghav's first wife was deceased but her spirit is spoiling their marriage.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=म्हणून आनंदीनं बिजवराला दिला होकार, स्वीकारलं नवं राज्य! |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/marathi-serial-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-pallavi-patil-as-anandi-anita-date-as-rama-updates/articleshow/93425381.cms |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Raghav Karnik, a widowed corporate lawyer who lives with his daughter Reva Raghav Karnik a.k.a. Chingi, his mother Sulakshana and frequently visited younger Varsha and with the spirit of his deceased wife Rama. Elsewhere, Anandi Parab a simpleton village girl lives in Anjarle, Konkan region with his father and also frequently visited by her elder sisters. With Rama no more, Raghav takes care of his family but is not able to manage it single handedly. Sulakshana wants him to marry another girl so that she can be free of work. She visits Anandi in her village along with Varsha to fix her marriage with Raghav without his knowledge and also hiding his previous marriage truth. Anandi and her father accept the proposal. Raghav learns about this and leaves for Konkan to tell Anandi and her family the truth. The family earlier shocked bit later accepts the marriage proposal due to Raghav's kind heartedness. Rama feels dejected and tries to break this alliance but fails. Raghav and Anandi get married and Rama is freed from the photo frame and reaches the wedding dias. Rama learns that no one can see her other than Anandi who also wears the same ''Mangalsutra'' which Rama did. Rama learns that the Mangalsutra is the connection between her and Anandi.<br /> <br /> Everyone shift back to Mumbai and Raghav and Anandi start their marital life. Chingi doesn't readily accept Anandi as her mother. Rama becomes envious of Anandi as she takes over her responsibilities and place in the Kanik house. Rama introduces herself as Mrs. Kolate, Rama's best friend and their neighbour to Anandi and befriends her. Rama repeatedly misguides Anandi about the Karnik to create confusion in the family but always fails. Chingi and Anandi bond together well, also Raghav and Anandi become comfortable with each other. Seeing this, Rama feels more jealous and envious. Anandi also try to bond with Rama's parents who live in the same building but they everytime demean her. Soon real Mrs. Kolate arrives and Anandi learns Rama's fake identity. On the occasion of ''Pitru-Paksha Amavasya'', Rama reveals her real identity to Anandi to which she gets immensely scared.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> * [[Pallavi Patil]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pallavi Patil to make her TV comeback with 'Nava Gadi Nava Rajya' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/pallavi-patil-to-make-her-tv-comeback-with-nava-gadi-nava-rajya/articleshow/93020768.cms |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Anandi Waman Parab / Anandi Raghav Karnik<br /> * [[Anita Date-Kelkar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Majhya Navryachi Bayko actress Anita Date Kelkar to make her comeback with new show Nava Gadi Nava Rajya - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/majhya-navryachi-bayko-actress-anita-date-kelkar-to-make-her-comeback-with-new-show-nava-gadi-nava-rajya/articleshow/92799928.cms |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Rama Purushottam Patkar / Rama Raghav Karnik<br /> * Kashyap Parulekar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Actor Kashyap Parulekar all excited to play Raghav in Nava Gadi Nava Rajya - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actor-kashyap-parulekar-all-excited-to-play-raghav-in-nava-gadi-nava-rajya/articleshow/93315876.cms |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Raghav Madhav Karnik<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> ;Raghav's family<br /> * Saisha Bhoir / Aarohi Sambre&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Child actress Aarohi Sambre begins shooting for Nava Gadi Nava Rajya after Saisha Bhoir's exit - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/child-actress-aarohi-sambre-begins-shooting-for-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-after-saisha-bhoirs-exit/articleshow/101534780.cms |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Reva Raghav Karnik (Chingi)<br /> * Varsha Dandale as Sulakshana Madhav Karnik<br /> * Kirti Pendharkar as Varsha Madhav Karnik / Varsha Atul Bhutkar / Varsha Shivanand Gawade<br /> * Sanjay Kshemkalyani as Madhav Karnik<br /> * Mrunal Chemburkar as Malati Purushottam Patkar<br /> * Pankaj Chemburkar as Purushottam Patkar<br /> <br /> ;Anandi's family<br /> * Abhay Khadapkar as Waman Parab (Aaba)<br /> * Prajakta Wadye as Maai Waman Parab<br /> * Shripad Padwal as Tagya<br /> * Sachin Kamble as Baban<br /> <br /> ;Others<br /> * Aniruddha Harip as Atul Bhutkar<br /> * Shekhar Phadke as Shivanand Gawade (Nandu)<br /> * Sanjivani Jadhav as Indu Gawade<br /> * Manasi Naik as Rasika Gawade<br /> * Aakanksha Gade as Yojana<br /> * Saurabh Gokhale&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Saurabh Gokhale to play the role of Viraj in Nava Gadi Nava Rajya - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/saurabh-gokhale-to-play-the-role-of-viraj-in-nava-gadi-nava-rajya/articleshow/100671118.cms |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Viraj Inamdar<br /> * Akshata Naik as Manisha Atul Bhutkar<br /> * Milind Joshi as Raghav's boss<br /> * Siddheshwar Zadbuke as Chitragupta<br /> * Manasi Bapat as Mrs. Kolate<br /> * Bhushan Telang as Mr. Sahastrabuddhe<br /> * [[Aditi Sarangdhar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Actress Aditi Sarangdhar set to feature in Nava Gadi Nava Rajya - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actress-aditi-sarangdhar-set-to-feature-in-nava-gadi-nava-rajya/articleshow/99839129.cms |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Mrs. Barve<br /> * Disha Pardeshi as Poonam<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+ [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]<br /> !Year<br /> !Category<br /> !Recipient<br /> !Role<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2022<br /> |Best Father<br /> |Kashyap Parulekar<br /> |Raghav Karnik<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/zee-marathi-awards-2022-winner-list-mazi-tuzi-reshimgath-tu-tevha-tashi/articleshow/94891833.cms|title='माझी तुझी रेशीमगाठ' ने पुन्हा गाजवले झी मराठी अवॉर्ड; वाचा विजेत्यांची यादी|access-date=2022-10-18|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Series<br /> |[[Shruti Marathe]]<br /> |Producer<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2023<br /> |Best Child Character<br /> |Aarohi Sambre<br /> |Reva Karnik (Chingi)<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/zee-marathi-award-2023-tula-shikvin-changlach-dhada-won-best-serial-best-hero-and-best-heroin-award-check-list-here/articleshow/104978073.cms|title=सर्वोत्कृष्ट नायक, नायिका ते बेस्ट सीरियल... झी मराठी अवॉर्ड सोहळ्यात या मालिकेचीच हवा|access-date=2023-11-05|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Mother-in-law<br /> |Varsha Dandale<br /> |Sulakshana Karnik<br /> |-<br /> |Best Grandfather<br /> |Pankaj Chemburkar<br /> |Purushottam Patkar<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Special episode (1 hour) ===<br /> # 25 September 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='नवा गडी नवं राज्य' मालिका उत्कंठावर्धक वळणावर, राघव आनंदीकडे देणार प्रेमाची कबुली? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/nava-gadi-nava-rajya-series-at-an-exciting-turn-will-raghav-confess-his-love-to-anandi-a603/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # 13 November 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='पोरखेळ दाखवायचा असेल तर निदान...', नवा गडी नवं राज्य मालिकेवर भडकले प्रेक्षक|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/zee-marathi-new-serial-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-trolled-a590/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # 1 January 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=लग्नानंतर पहिल्यांदाच राघव आनंदीला ओरडला, नक्की काय घडलं? |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/marathi-serial-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-raghav-angry-with-rama-pallavi-patil/articleshow/93682761.cms |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # 12 March 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=आनंदी मुलांना शिकवतेय रामरक्षा, अस्वस्थ झाली रमा |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/marathi-serial-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-pallavi-patil-as-anandi-teaches-ramraksha-to-children/articleshow/94204850.cms |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # 7 May 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='नवा गडी नवं राज्य' मालिकेत नवा ट्विस्ट, वर्षाचं सत्य आनंदी राघवसमोर आणू शकेल का? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/marathi-serial-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-episodic-a592/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # 4 June 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='नवा गडी नवं राज्य' मालिकेत नवा ट्विस्ट, राघवच्या बाबांची एन्ट्री |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/a-new-twist-in-the-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-series-the-entry-of-raghavs-father-a-a603/ |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # 16 July 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=आनंदी-राघवला एकत्र आणण्यासाठी टग्या करणार उपोषण; मालिकेत येणार ट्विस्ट |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/nava-gadi-nava-rajya-new-twist-to-come-in-the-serial-a-a734/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # 12 November 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=कुणीतरी येणार, येणार गं..!! ती पुन्हा येणार नव्या रुपात, 'नवा गडी नवं राज्य'मध्ये नवा ट्विस्ट|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/someone-will-come-come-she-will-come-again-in-a-new-form-a-new-twist-in-nava-gadi-nava-rajya-a-a603/|access-date=2023-09-22|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt28351955}}<br /> * [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/nava-gadi-nava-rajya/0-6-4z5185728 ''Nava Gadi Nava Rajya''] at [[ZEE5]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amit_Shah&diff=472529 2026-03-28T11:30:49Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: added formatting additionally and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician (born 1964)}}<br /> {{for|other people with the same name|Amit Shah (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | birth_name = Amit Anilchandra Shah<br /> | image = <br /> Shri Amit Shah in Raigad.jpg <br /> | image_size = 220px<br /> | caption = Amit Shah in 2025<br /> | office = 35th [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister of Home Affairs]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Rajnath Singh]]<br /> | primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]<br /> | president = [[Ramnath Kovind]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> | term_start = 30 May 2019<br /> | term_end = <br /> | office1 = 1st [[Minister of Co-operation|Union Minister of Cooperation]]<br /> | predecessor1 = ''Office established''<br /> | president1 = Ramnath Kovind&lt;br/&gt;Droupadi Murmu<br /> | primeminister1 = Narendra Modi<br /> | term_start1 = {{start date|2021|07|07|df=yes}}<br /> | office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]<br /> | majority2 = 744,716 (56.34%)<br /> | term_start2 = {{start date|2019|05|23|df=yes}}<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Lal Krishna Advani]]<br /> | constituency2 = [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]], [[Gujarat]]<br /> | office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]<br /> | predecessor3 = [[Dilip Pandya]]<br /> | successor3 = [[Subrahmanyam Jaishankar]]<br /> | constituency3 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat|Gujarat]]<br /> | term_start3 = {{start date|2017|08|19|df=yes}}<br /> | term_end3 = {{end date|2019|05|29|df=yes}}<br /> | office4 = [[National Democratic Alliance|Chairman of National Democratic Alliance]]<br /> | predecessor4 = Lal Krishna Advani<br /> | successor4 = <br /> | term_start4 = {{start date|2014|07|09|df=yes}}<br /> | office5 = 9th [[List of Presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|National President of Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | predecessor5 = Rajnath Singh<br /> | successor5 = [[J. P. Nadda|Jagat Prakash Nadda]]<br /> | term_start5 = {{start date|2014|07|09|df=yes}}<br /> | term_end5 = {{end date|2020|01|20|df=yes}}<br /> | office6 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start6 = {{Start date|2012||}}<br /> | term_end6 = {{end date|2017||}}<br /> | constituency6 = [[Naranpura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naranpura]]<br /> | predecessor6 = ''Constituency established''<br /> | successor6 = [[Kaushik Patel (politician)|Kaushik Patel]]<br /> | term_start7 = {{start date|1997||}}<br /> | term_end7 = {{end date|2012||}}<br /> | successor7 = ''Constituency abolished''<br /> | predecessor7 = [[Harishchandra Patel|Harishchandra Lavjibhai Patel]]<br /> | constituency7 = [[Sarkhej (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarkhej]]<br /> | office8 = [[Minister of State]] in [[Government of Gujarat|Gujarat]]<br /> | term_start8 = {{Start date|2002||}}<br /> | term_end8 = {{end date|2010||}}<br /> | 1blankname8 = Departments<br /> | 1namedata8 = {{bulletedlist|Home|Law and Justice|Prison|Border Security|Civil Defence|Excise|Home Guards|Transport|Prohibition|Gram Rakshak Dal|Police Housing|Legislative Affairs}}<br /> | 2blankname8 = Chief Minister<br /> | 2namedata8 = [[Narendra Modi]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|10|22|df=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;IE_2014_prepares&quot; /&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India&lt;br/&gt;(present-day Mumbai)<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Sonal Shah|1987}}<br /> | children = [[Jay Shah]] (son)<br /> | alma_mater = [[Gujarat University]]<br /> | website = {{URL|www.amitshah.co.in}}<br /> | nationality = &lt;!-- Do not add nationality as it can be deduced from birth place as per WP:INFONAT --&gt;<br /> | occupation = [[Politician]]<br /> | residence = {{ubl|6A, Krishna Menon Marg, [[New Delhi]]}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Amit Anilchandra Shah''' (born 22 October 1964) is an Indian politician who has served as the 32nd [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] since 2019, the longest-serving holder of the office in Indian history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Akhilesh Kumar |date=6 August 2025 |title=Amit Shah now India's longest-serving home minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amit-shah-now-indias-longest-serving-home-minister/articleshow/123127647.cms |access-date=6 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally he has been the 1st [[Ministry of Co-operation|Minister of Co-operation]] since July 2021. He is also the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gandhinagar]]. He served as the 10th [[List of Presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|president]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from 2014 to 2020. He has also served as chairman of the [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) since 2014. He had been elected as a member of the upper house of parliament, [[Rajya Sabha]], from [[Gujarat]] from 2017 to 2019. Shah is a chief strategist of the BJP and an ardent ally of [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Amit Shah: BJP's 'Chanakya' who delivered Modi Wave 2.0 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amit-shah-bjps-chanakya-who-delivered-modi-wave-2-0/articleshow/69465902.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820224801/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amit-shah-bjps-chanakya-who-delivered-modi-wave-2-0/articleshow/69465902.cms |archive-date=20 August 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=PTI |date=23 May 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IT_May2019&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Amit Shah: BJP's Chanakya who strategised and delivered Modi wave 2.0 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/amit-shah-bjp-s-chanakya-strategised-modi-wave-2-0-1532943-2019-05-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805100902/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/amit-shah-bjp-s-chanakya-strategised-modi-wave-2-0-1532943-2019-05-23 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |magazine=India Today |agency=PTI |date=23 May 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Shah also served as a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from [[Naranpura Assembly constituency]] from 2012 to 2017 and Sarkhej from 1997 to 2012 and the minister of State for Home, Law and Justice, Prison, Border Security, Civil Defense, Excise, Home Guards, Transport, Prohibition, Gram Rakshak Dal, Police Housing, Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs, government of [[Gujarat]] in the Modi ministry from 2002 to 2012. During his college days, Shah was a member of the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP), the student wing of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). At the age of 18, he secured a position in the ABVP and joined the BJP in 1987.<br /> <br /> Shah was the BJP's in-charge for India's largest and politically most crucial state, [[Uttar Pradesh]], during the [[2014 Lok Sabha elections]]. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] won 73 out of 80 seats. As a result, Shah rose to national prominence and was appointed as the party's national president in July 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;IT_new_2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20140728-rahul-kanwal-on-the-man-behind-the-reputation-amit-shah-bjp-804608-2014-07-17 |title=Inside the mind of Amit Shah: All eyes on new BJP chief as party gears up for battle in five states |date=17 July 2014 |work=India Today |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815031009/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20140728-rahul-kanwal-on-the-man-behind-the-reputation-amit-shah-bjp-804608-2014-07-17 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has played an organising and membership-promotional role in the elections of many states since 2014. In his initial two years, the BJP achieved success in [[Legislative Assembly elections in India, 2014|legislative assembly elections]] in [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]], [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]], [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|Jharkhand]] and [[Assam]] but lost ground in [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi]] and the large eastern state of [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]] in 2015.<br /> <br /> In 2017, he was partly credited with the party victories in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh]], [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|Uttarakhand]], [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-2017/live-updates-2017-gujarat-legislative-assembly-election-results/article21830220.ece|title=Gujarat Assembly election results: Counting ends as BJP closes out Gujarat with 99 seats; Congress claims 77|author=The Hindu Net Desk|date=18 December 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 August 2018|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109021753/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-2017/live-updates-2017-gujarat-legislative-assembly-election-results/article21830220.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|Manipur]], but the [[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali]]–BJP alliance lost power in the larger [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-election-result-2017-triangular-battle-between-akali-dal-bjp-congress-aap-1668526|title=Punjab Election Result 2017: Congress' Amarinder Singh Defeats Akali Dal-BJP, AAP – Highlights|work=NDTV.com|access-date=27 August 2018|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731183403/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-election-result-2017-triangular-battle-between-akali-dal-bjp-congress-aap-1668526|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, the party lost power in the states of [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh]], [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan]] and [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Madhya Pradesh]]. A year later, the BJP won 303 seats to get a majority in the [[2019 Indian general election]] under Shah's leadership.&lt;ref name=&quot;ET_most_successful&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/amit-shah-in-new-role-after-being-most-successful-bjp-chief/articleshow/69584774.cms |title=Amit Shah in new role after being most successful BJP chief |date=30 May 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=1 June 2019 |archive-date=8 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608044012/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/amit-shah-in-new-role-after-being-most-successful-bjp-chief/articleshow/69584774.cms |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Amit Anilchandra Shah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |year=2012 |title=Amit Anilchandra Shah Versus The Central Bureau of Investigation &amp; Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/40244.pdf |journal=Supreme Court of India Reports}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About us {{!}} Sri Amit Shah Journey {{!}} Shri Amit Shah |url=https://www.amitshah.co.in/about |access-date=10 December 2024 |website=www.amitshah.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; was born in [[Mumbai]] on 22 October 1964.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/amit-shah-an-organisation-man-at-helm-114071000099_1.html |title=Amit Shah: An organisation man at helm |author=Premal Balan |date=10 July 2014 |newspaper=Business Standard |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115205507/https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/amit-shah-an-organisation-man-at-helm-114071000099_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Amit Anilchandra Shah {{!}} National Portal of India|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/amit-anil-chandra-shah|access-date=5 July 2021|website=www.india.gov.in|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184156/https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/amit-anil-chandra-shah|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was born into a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Hindu]] [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] family.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/i-am-a-hindu-vaishnav-not-jain-amit-shah-1833945|title=&quot;I Am A Hindu Vaishnav, Not Jain&quot;: Amit Shah|website=NDTV.com|access-date=22 December 2019|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811181058/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/i-am-a-hindu-vaishnav-not-jain-amit-shah-1833945|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|quote=Amit Shah, himself a baniya|url=https://www.newsclick.in/amit-shah-borrowed-phrase-jinnah-when-he-dubbed-gandhi-chatur-bania|first=Shamsul|last=Islam|date=14 June 2017|publisher=Newsclick|title=Amit Shah Borrowed a Phrase from Jinnah when he Dubbed Gandhi a 'Chatur Bania'|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423030415/https://www.newsclick.in/amit-shah-borrowed-phrase-jinnah-when-he-dubbed-gandhi-chatur-bania|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; His great grandfather was the Nagarseth (town headsman) of the small state of [[Mansa, Gujarat|Mansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/amit-shah-the-strategist-of-bjp-s-india-game-plan/story-Fr0sSiYHtTwhVxKBsjapsI.html|title=The 'Shah' of BJP's game plan who wants to alter India's political culture|date=16 July 2016|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=22 December 2019|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216195742/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/amit-shah-the-strategist-of-bjp-s-india-game-plan/story-Fr0sSiYHtTwhVxKBsjapsI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; His father, Anilchandra Shah, a businessman from Mansa, owned a successful [[polyvinyl chloride|PVC]] [[plastic pipework|pipe]] business.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> He went to school in [[Mehsana]] and moved to [[Ahmedabad]] to study [[biochemistry]] at CU Shah Science College. He graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science|Bachelor's of Science]] (B.Sc.) in biochemistry and then worked for his father's business.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; He also worked as a stockbroker and in co-operative banks in Ahmedabad.&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff_2010_fall&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.rediff.com/special/2010/jul/24/what-amit-shahs-fall-really-means.htm |title=What Amit Shah's fall really means |author=Sheela Bhatt |work=Rediff.com |date=28 July 2010 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=29 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629145243/http://news.rediff.com/special/2010/jul/24/what-amit-shahs-fall-really-means.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah was involved with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) since childhood; he participated in the neighbourhood ''shakhas'' (branches) as a boy. He formally became an RSS ''swayamsevak'' (volunteer) during his college days in Ahmedabad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt; He first met [[Narendra Modi]] in 1982 through the [[Ahmedabad]] RSS circles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/india/his-master-s-mind |title=His Master's Mind |publisher=Open |author=PR Ramesh |date=11 April 2014 |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=1 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201154129/http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/india/his-master-s-mind |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; At that time, Modi was an RSS ''pracharak'' (propagator), working as in-charge of youth activities in the city.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early political career ==<br /> <br /> === Entry into politics ===<br /> Shah started his political career in 1982 after joining the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|Rastriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)]], a Hindu volunteer organisation. Soon after, he got acquainted with [[Narendra Modi]], a pracharak (propagator) of the RSS at that time. Reportedly, he was advised by Modi to join the student wing of the RSS, the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad|Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 May 2024 |title=Amit Shah: The quiet, feared strategist behind Modi's rise |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68653573 |access-date=4 May 2024 |language=en-GB |archive-date=3 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503233140/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68653573 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after Shah joined the ABVP in the year 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_2013_who&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Who is Amit Shah? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/people/who-is-amit-shah-525154 |publisher=NDTV |date=12 June 2013 |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512143817/https://www.ndtv.com/people/who-is-amit-shah-525154 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Later on, he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] in 1987, one year before Modi joined the party.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; He became an activist of the BJP's youth wing, [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]] (BJYM), in 1987. He gradually rose in the BJYM hierarchy, in which he held various posts including ward secretary, [[taluka]] secretary, state secretary, vice-president and general secretary.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt; He became known for his management skills when he was the election campaign manager for [[Lal Krishna Advani]] in [[Gandhinagar]] during the [[1991 Indian general election|1991 Lok Sabha elections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IE_2014_prepares&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-union-home-ministry-amit-shah-1539468-2019-05-31 | title=From sticking bills for BJP to managing Union home ministry: Rise and rise of Amit Shah | work=India Today | first=Prabhash K | last=Dutta | date=31 May 2019 | access-date=16 June 2019 | archive-date=13 June 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613054455/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-union-home-ministry-amit-shah-1539468-2019-05-31 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1995, the BJP formed its first government in [[Gujarat]], with [[Keshubhai Patel]] as Chief Minister. At that time, the [[Indian National Congress]], the BJP's main rival, was highly influential in rural Gujarat. Modi and Shah worked together to eliminate Congress in the rural areas. Their strategy was to find the second-most influential leader in every village and get them to join the BJP. They created a network of 8,000 influential rural leaders who had lost elections to the ''pradhan'' (village chief) post in various villages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Modi and Shah used the same strategy to reduce Congress' influence over the state's powerful [[Cooperative movement in India|co-operatives]], which played an important role in the state's economy. In 1999, Shah was elected as the president of the Ahmedabad District Cooperative Bank (ADCB), the biggest cooperative bank in India. In Gujarat, such elections had traditionally been won on [[Indian caste system|caste]] considerations, and the co-operative banks had traditionally been controlled by [[Patel]]s, [[Gadaria people|Gadaria]]s and [[Kshatriya]]s. Despite not belonging to any of these castes, Shah won the election. At that time, the bank was on the verge of collapse, as they had accumulated losses of {{INR}}36 crores. Shah turned around the bank's fortune within a year; the following year, the bank registered a profit of {{INR}}27 crores. By 2014, its profit had increased to around {{INR}}250 crores.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt; Shah also ensured that 11 of the bank's 22 directors were BJP loyalists.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Modi and Shah also sought to reduce Congress' hold over sports bodies in the state.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt; Shah served as the president of the Gujarat State Chess Association.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_2013_who&quot; /&gt; In 2009, he became the vice-president of the profitable [[Gujarat Cricket Association]] (GCA), while Modi served as its president.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; In 2014, after Modi became [[Prime Minister of India]], Shah became the president of GCA.<br /> <br /> Modi, who had become a general secretary in the party's state unit by the early 1990s, used his influence to get bigger roles for Shah. He convinced Patel to appoint Shah as the chairman of the [[Gujarat State Financial Corporation]], a public sector financial institution that finances small and medium-scale enterprises. After [[Shankersinh Vaghela]] and some other leaders complained about Modi's growing popularity in the Gujarat government, the party leadership moved Modi out of Gujarat to the BJP headquarters in Delhi. During this time (1995–2001), Shah served as Modi's confidante in Gujarat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1997, Modi lobbied to get Shah a BJP ticket for the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] by-election in [[Sarkhej]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MM_2014_importance&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/The-importance-of-Amit-Shah/articleshow/33378596.cms |title=The importance of Amit Shah |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512143819/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/The-importance-of-Amit-Shah/articleshow/33378596.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shah became an MLA in February 1997 after winning the by-election.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andy2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Andy Marino |title=Narendra Modi: A Political Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ylIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT76 |date=8 April 2014 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=978-93-5136-218-0 |pages=76–}}&lt;/ref&gt; He retained his seat in the 1998 Assembly elections.&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff_1998_Sarkhej&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Gujarat state government ===<br /> [[File:PM Modii addresses a BJP National Council Meet.jpg|thumb|PM Modi addresses a BJP National Council Meeting.]]<br /> <br /> In October 2001, the BJP replaced Keshubhai Patel with [[Narendra Modi]] as the chief minister of Gujarat after allegations of inefficient administration. Over the next few years, Modi and Shah gradually sidelined their political rivals.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah contested the [[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002 Assembly election]] from the Sarkhej constituency in Ahmedabad. He won by the highest margin among all candidates, with 158,036 votes. He improved his margin of victory in the [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007 Assembly election]], in which he won from Sarkhej again.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_2013_who&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> During Modi's twelve-year tenure as the Gujarat CM, Shah emerged as one of the most powerful leaders in Gujarat. After winning the 2002 elections, he became the youngest minister in the Modi government and was given multiple portfolios.&lt;ref name=&quot;IE_2014_prepares&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2013/jul/07/in-up-shah-prepares-for-modi-ahead-of-2014-battle-494331.html |title=In UP, Shah prepares for Modi ahead of 2014 battle |date=7 July 2013 |newspaper=The Indian Express |author=Subhash Mishra and Pratul Sharma |access-date=17 February 2024 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120144921/https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2013/jul/07/In-UP-Shah-prepares-for-Modi-ahead-of-2014-battle-494331.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; At one time, he held 12 portfolios: Home, Law and Justice, Prison, Border Security, Civil Defence, Excise, Transport, Prohibition, Home Guards, Gram Rakshak Dal, Police Housing and Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Joshi|first=Poornima|date=1 April 2014|title=The Organiser|publisher=Caravan|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/organiser|url-access=subscription|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=12 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512143818/https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/organiser|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004, the Congress-led government announced its intention to repeal the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002|Prevention of Terrorism Act]], which they called regressive. Shah piloted the [[Gujarat Control of Organised Crime Act|Gujarat Control of Organised Crime]] (Amendment) Bill through the Gujarat State Assembly amid an opposition walk-out.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gujarat-keeps-a-terror-law-spare/cid/737976 | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | title=Gujarat keeps a terror law spare | date=3 June 2004 | access-date=12 May 2019 | archive-date=12 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512143819/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gujarat-keeps-a-terror-law-spare/cid/737976 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah also played an important role in convincing the Modi government to pass the [[Gujarat Freedom of Religion Bill]], which made religious conversions difficult in the state of [[Gujarat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah was accused of sidelining the police officers who testified against the Gujarat government in cases related to the [[fake encounters]] and the [[2002 Gujarat violence|2002 riots]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; Shah has also been accused of manipulating the electoral constituency delimitation exercise in Gujarat to favour the BJP.&lt;ref name=&quot;MM_2014_importance&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Sohrabuddin case ====<br /> [[File:Union Minister for Home Affairs.jpg|thumb|Amit Shah in 2023]]<br /> <br /> In 2010, Shah was accused of having orchestrated the extrajudicial killings of [[Sohrabuddin Sheikh]], his wife Kauser Bi and his criminal associate [[Tulsiram Prajapati]].&lt;ref name=&quot;THindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amit-Shah-resigns-still-untraceable/article16209861.ece|title=Amit Shah resigns, still untraceable|access-date=5 June 2021|last=Manas|first=Dasgupta|date=24 July 2010|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108001300/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amit-Shah-resigns-still-untraceable/article16209861.ece|archive-date=8 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-was-sohrabuddin-sheikh-424777|title=Who was Sohrabuddin Sheikh|publisher=NDTV.com|date=27 July 2010|access-date=11 December 2018|archive-date=14 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214064809/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-was-sohrabuddin-sheikh-424777|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), Sheikh had been harassing some [[marble]] traders of Rajasthan by demanding [[protection racket|protection]] money. The CBI claimed that two of these marble traders paid Shah to eliminate Sheikh, along with police officers [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] [[D. G. Vanzara|D.G. Vanzara]] and [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] [[Rajkumar Pandian]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-sohrabuddin-case-how-patel-bros-were-fleeced-1420791 |author=Nikunj Soni |title=Sohrabuddin case: How Patel bros were 'fleeced' |date=9 August 2010 |newspaper=DNA |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512143842/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-sohrabuddin-case-how-patel-bros-were-fleeced-1420791 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff_2007_cracked&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/25spec.htm |title=The journalist who cracked Gujarat fake encounter case |date=25 April 2007 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 June 2014 |archive-date=4 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204160039/http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/25spec.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/cop-transfers-part-of-shah-plan/story-cFpY9WJFOTx9Los8qmjbGL.html |title=Cop transfers part of Shah plan |work=Hindustan Times |author=Abhishek Sharan |date=26 July 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018155653/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Cop-transfers-part-of-Shah-plan/Article1-577692.aspx |archive-date=18 October 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The CBI presented phone call records, which showed that Shah had been in touch with the accused police officers when the victims were in their custody. It also presented videotapes of Patel brothers' conversations with two of Shah's associates at the Ahmedabad District Cooperative Bank (ADCB).&lt;ref name=&quot;IBNLive_2010_proof&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cbi-proof-against-shah-sohrabuddin-tapes/127540-37.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730024731/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cbi-proof-against-shah-sohrabuddin-tapes/127540-37.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2010 |title=CBI 'proof' against Shah: Sohrabuddin tapes |date=26 July 2010 |author=Bhupendra Chaubey |publisher=CNN-IBN }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Patel brothers, who had several criminal cases against them, also spoke against Shah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/he-(amit-shah)-smiled-and-said-sohrabuddin-had-himself-closed-the-option-of-keeping-himself-alive.../658769/0 |title=He (Amit Shah) smiled and said Sohrabuddin had himself closed the option of keeping himself alive... |date=24 November 2011 |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=28 June 2014 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131130844/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/he-(amit-shah)-smiled-and-said-sohrabuddin-had-himself-closed-the-option-of-keeping-himself-alive.../658769/0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah dismissed all the accusations against him as politically motivated. He pointed out that during his tenure as Home Minister, Gujarat was one of the states with a small number of police encounters in the country. He stated that he kept in touch with the police officers on the phone in the normal course of his duties as Home Minister.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-14/news/44075365_1_sadiq-jamal-ishrat-jahan-amit-shah |title=CBI to file crucial charge-sheets in Gujarat fake encounters' case |author=Aman Sharma |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=14 November 2013 |access-date=28 June 2014 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131130844/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-14/news/44075365_1_sadiq-jamal-ishrat-jahan-amit-shah |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He accused Congress of misusing the CBI and claimed that only the cases in Gujarat were being scrutinised, while the rest of the country had witnessed around 1,500 encounters during the same period.&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff_2013_waiting&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-exclusive-amit-shah-interview-people-are-waiting-to-vote-for-modi/20131008.htm#3 |title=Encounter cases are politically motivated; non-Gujarat encounters are never scrutinized |date=8 October 2013 |author=Sheela Bhatt |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 June 2014 |archive-date=22 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622070318/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-exclusive-amit-shah-interview-people-are-waiting-to-vote-for-modi/20131008.htm#3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He said if the CBI had any solid evidence against him, it would have been able to frame charges against him.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; In 2010, Police Commissioner [[Geetha Johri]], who first investigated the case, claimed that the CBI was pressurising her to falsely implicate Shah in the Sohrabuddin case.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cbi-putting-pressure-on-me-geeta-johri/article599990.ece |title=CBI putting pressure on me: Geeta Johri |author=J. Venkatesan |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 August 2010 |access-date=28 June 2014 |archive-date=29 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129015307/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cbi-putting-pressure-on-me-geeta-johri/article599990.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> D.G. Vanzara was also accused in the [[Ishrat Jahan case]] but the CBI did not charge Shah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-clean-chit-for-Amit-Shah-in-Ishrat-Jahan-encounter-case/articleshow/34784569.cms |title=CBI clean chit for Amit Shah in Ishrat Jahan encounter case |date=7 May 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=28 June 2014 |archive-date=10 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510083942/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-clean-chit-for-Amit-Shah-in-Ishrat-Jahan-encounter-case/articleshow/34784569.cms? |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah was arrested on 25 July 2010 in connection with the [[Sohrabuddin Shaikh|Sohrabuddin]] case. At one time, Shah was considered one of the main contenders for Gujarat Chief Minister. However, his political career was hurt by the arrest; many leaders in the Gujarat government distanced themselves from him. His fellow ministers considered him an autocratic person, who did not have good relations with his colleagues.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_2013_who&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> When Shah applied for bail, the CBI raised concerns that he would use his political power to prevent justice from taking its course.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; On 29 October 2010, the [[Gujarat High Court]] granted him bail three months after his arrest. However, the next day, when the courts were closed, Justice [[Aftab Alam (judge)|Aftab Alam]] took a petition to bar him from entering Gujarat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt; Shah was thus forcibly exiled from the state from 2010 to 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; He and his wife moved to a room in Gujarat Bhavan, Delhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt; Later, the Supreme Court cancelled his bail on a CBI plea. In September 2012, the Supreme Court granted him bail and allowed him to return to Gujarat. He then contested and won the 2012 Assembly election from the [[Naranpura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naranpura]] constituency.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_2013_who&quot; /&gt; (The Sarkhej constituency had ceased to exist after delimitation.) In 2014, Shah was effectively discharged from the Sohrabuddin case by a special CBI court noting a lack of evidence and political undertones to the accusations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Amit Shah discharged in Sohrabuddin Sheikh encounter case |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/amit-shah-discharged-in-sohrabuddin-sheikh-encounter-case/article23169624.ece |agency=Reuters |access-date=9 February 2021 |work=@businessline |date=30 December 2014 |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130001608/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/amit-shah-discharged-in-sohrabuddin-sheikh-encounter-case/article23169624.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Rajput |first1=Rashmi |title=Amit Shah discharged, court finds no evidence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amit-shah-discharged-from-sohrabuddin-case/article6738447.ece |access-date=9 February 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=30 December 2014 |language=en-IN |archive-date=21 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221121601/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amit-shah-discharged-from-sohrabuddin-case/article6738447.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Snoopgate ====<br /> In 2013, Shah was accused of having ordered illegal surveillance on a woman in 2009 during his tenure as a home minister. The investigative websites [[Cobrapost]] and Gulail released a set of taped audio conversations between Shah and police officer GL Singhal. The tapes had been submitted to the CBI in the [[Ishrat Jahan case]] and were leaked to these portals. The calls detail how the state machinery was used to surveil the woman and the IAS officer [[Pradeep Sharma (IAS)|Pradeep Sharma]] (who was suspended by the Gujarat government). In the recordings, both Singhal and Shah repeatedly refer to a higher authority as ''Saheb'', which is believed to be Chief Minister Narendra Modi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cobrapost.com/index.php/news-detail?nid=3969&amp;cid=23 |title=News Detail |publisher=Cobrapost.com |access-date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231084530/http://www.cobrapost.com/index.php/news-detail?nid=3969&amp;cid=23 |archive-date=31 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shah denied all the accusations against him; he called them political propaganda by his opponents.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; The BJP's political opponents demanded a probe in the ''Snoopgate'' case. However, in May 2014, the woman approached the Supreme Court and stated that the surveillance on her was based on a &quot;personal request&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Law of Renaming: The Need for Mandatory Public Consultation|url=https://thewire.in/law/the-law-of-renaming-mandatory-public-consultation|access-date=20 June 2020|website=The Wire|archive-date=22 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622061406/https://thewire.in/law/the-law-of-renaming-mandatory-public-consultation|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and she was thankful to the Gujarat government for ensuring her safety. She requested the court to block any investigation, stating it would violate her privacy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/snoopgate-thankful-for-surveillance-woman-tells-supreme-court-519233 |title=Snoopgate: 'Thankful' for Surveillance, Woman Tells Supreme Court |author=Deepshikha Ghosh |date=6 May 2014 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=28 June 2014 |archive-date=11 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511171402/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/snoopgate-thankful-for-surveillance-woman-tells-supreme-court-519233 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Rise in national politics ===<br /> [[File:The Vice President and Chairman, Rajya Sabha, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu administering the oath as Member, Rajya Sabha to Shri Amit Shah, at a Swearing-in Ceremony, at Parliament House, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|The Vice-President and chairman, Rajya Sabha, M. Venkaiah Naidu administering the oath as Member, Rajya Sabha to Amit Shah]]<br /> <br /> After Modi became the prime-ministerial candidate of the BJP, Shah's influence also increased in the party. They had been accused of sidelining other BJP leaders, such as [[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]], [[Sushma Swaraj]], [[Murli Manohar Joshi]] and [[Jaswant Singh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; By this time, Shah had gained recognition as an excellent election campaign manager and was dubbed a &quot;modern-day [[Chanakya]] and master strategist&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amit-shah-set-for-bigger-role-if-bjp-wins/article5903327.ece Amit Shah set for a bigger role if BJP wins] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207150755/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amit-shah-set-for-bigger-role-if-bjp-wins/article5903327.ece |date=7 December 2016 }}, Vinay Kumar, 12 April 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Shah was appointed as a BJP general secretary and given charge of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (UP). He was chosen not by Modi, but by [[Rajnath Singh]], who had been impressed by the skills Shah displayed in wresting control of various Congress-controlled organisations in Gujarat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt; The decision did not go down well with many of the party members, who saw him as a liability owing to the criminal charges against him. Political analysts such as [[Shekhar Gupta]] termed the decision as a blunder.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shekhar2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Shekhar Gupta |title=Anticipating India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TipIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT369 |date=8 April 2014 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=978-93-5136-256-2 |page=369 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2014 general election campaign ===<br /> ==== In Uttar Pradesh ====<br /> Shah's political career, which had declined after his arrest in 2010, revived after the BJP's victory in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]]. In Uttar Pradesh, where Shah was the in-charge, the BJP and its allies won 73 out of 80 seats. Shah had been made in-charge of the BJP's campaign in Uttar Pradesh on 12 June 2013, less than a year before the elections.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; Since February 2012, Shah had spent considerable time in Uttar Pradesh, where he tried to understand the reasons for the [[Samajwadi Party]]'s victory in the [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012 UP Assembly elections]]. Shah realised the voters were dissatisfied with the Samajwadi Party, which he believed had failed to keep its election promises after the win. He also took advantage of the [[Other Backward Classes|OBC]] voters' displeasure with the UP government's decision to create a 4.5% [[reservation in India|reservation]] for the minorities within the 27% OBC quota in government jobs and education.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah oversaw the candidate selection, emphasising the candidate's local popularity and winning potential as the only criteria for selection, as opposed to the candidate's party loyalty or ideology. His team estimated that only 35% of the BJP's traditional supporters had voted in the UP elections. Therefore, he focused on door-to-door campaigning at the [[voting booth|booth]]-level. He set up a 7-to-10 member management committee for each of the 140,000 voting booths in the state. For each booth, his team collated lists of voters and reached out to them.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; Shah's team used 450 GPS-enabled mobile vans (video [[Ratha|raths]]) to reach out to the masses in remote areas, where media reach was negligible.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140518/commentary-op-ed/article/sunday-interview-amit-shah |title=Sunday Interview: We had 450 video raths with GPS and I'd get feedback on my mobile, says Amit Shah |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |date=18 May 2014 |author=Yojna Gosai |access-date=6 June 2024 |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224022054/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140518/commentary-op-ed/article/sunday-interview-amit-shah |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shah covered 76 out of the 80 Lok Sabha constituencies. He also insisted on Modi contesting election from [[Varanasi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Outlook_2014_Feast&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Judgement-Day-Feast-For-The-Shah-Of-Shahs/290749 |title=Judgement Day Feast For The Shah Of Shahs |author=Prarthna Gahilote |work=Outlook |date=26 May 2014 |access-date=28 June 2014 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628111036/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Judgement-Day-Feast-For-The-Shah-Of-Shahs/290749 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah convinced Modi to utilise RSS volunteers for grassroots campaigning, which proved highly beneficial for the BJP.&lt;ref name=&quot;Outlook_2014_Feast&quot; /&gt; Although the RSS officially were not involved in electioneering, Shah used its volunteers to mobilise and monitor the campaigners. For example, the RSS volunteers would cross-check a BJP worker's claims of having targeted a given number of households.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; Shah also helped organise &quot;mega rallies&quot; for Modi. Like other major political parties, the BJP provisioned one van per village to transport people to the rally venue. However, unlike others, Shah decided that the BJP would not provide money for hiring these vehicles. Instead, he declared that the party workers organising the transportation would be the leaders of the BJP units in their villages. This strategy ensured several local village leaders developed a stake in Modi's victory.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Critics accused Shah of trying to polarise the UP voters along the religious lines. While visiting [[Ayodhya]] for a meeting with the party's local committee, he raised the [[Ayodhya dispute]]. The BJP fielded three candidates accused of inciting violence during the [[2013 Muzaffarnagar riots]]. These were seen as attempts to target the party's [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] base.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt; An [[First Information Report|FIR]] was registered against Shah for a speech in Muzaffarnagar, where he urged the voters to seek &quot;revenge&quot; through their votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;MM_2014_importance&quot; /&gt; He also took advantage of Shia Muslim antipathy towards Sunni Muslims in [[Lucknow]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21627719-narendra-modi-relies-most-two-men-who-could-hardly-be-less-alike-enablers|title=The enablers: Narendra Modi relies most on two men who could hardly be less alike|newspaper=The Economist|date=24 October 2014|url-access=subscription|access-date=24 August 2017|archive-date=28 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128225442/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21627719-narendra-modi-relies-most-two-men-who-could-hardly-be-less-alike-enablers|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Outside Uttar Pradesh ====<br /> Shah also played an important role in the BJP's election campaigning strategy outside Uttar Pradesh. He focused on building Modi's image as a strong leader. At times, he opposed even Modi on several strategic campaigning issues. For example, when Modi praised his opponent and prospective post-poll ally [[Mamata Banerjee]], Shah insisted that the BJP must not divert from the &quot;Modi-versus-all&quot; tactic.&lt;ref name=&quot;Outlook_2014_Feast&quot; /&gt; Shah was also responsible for forging the BJP's alliances with regional parties like [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MM_2014_importance&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == National President of the BJP (2014{{endash}}2019) ==<br /> [[File:Modi congratulates Amit Shah as he becomes BJP President.jpg|thumb|Modi congratulates Shah as he becomes BJP president.]]<br /> <br /> In July 2014, the BJP's central parliamentary board unanimously approved Shah's appointment as president of the party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-09/news/51247833_1_bjp-president-rajnath-singh-nitin-gadkari |title=BJP strategist &amp; Narendra Modi's confidant Amit Shah appointed party president |date=9 July 2014 |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=12 July 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714032515/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-09/news/51247833_1_bjp-president-rajnath-singh-nitin-gadkari |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was re-elected as the party's president unanimously on 24 January 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hebbar |first1=Nistula |title=Amit Shah re-elected BJP president |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amit-Shah-re-elected-BJP-president/article14017742.ece |access-date=13 February 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=24 January 2016 |language=en-IN |archive-date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715040619/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amit-Shah-re-elected-BJP-president/article14017742.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; After becoming the party president, Shah started an aggressive membership drive, and by March 2015, BJP had claimed 100 million members.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=BJP becomes largest political party in the world |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-becomes-largest-political-party-in-the-world/articleshow/46739025.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 March 2015 |access-date=13 February 2021 |archive-date=6 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206122859/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-becomes-largest-political-party-in-the-world/articleshow/46739025.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Pillalamarri |first1=Akhilesh |title=Move Over, CCP: India's BJP Now the World's Largest Political Party |url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/move-over-ccp-indias-bjp-now-the-worlds-largest-political-party/ |access-date=13 February 2021 |work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |date=9 April 2015 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514104607/https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/move-over-ccp-indias-bjp-now-the-worlds-largest-political-party/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014 to 2016, BJP achieved success in Legislative Assembly elections in [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]], [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]], [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Jammu &amp; Kashmir]], [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|Jharkhand]] and [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]] but lost the elections in [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi]] and [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/comment-bihar-elections-2015-has-amit-shah-lost-his-inner-chanakya-2143597 |title=Bihar Elections 2015: Has BJP President Amit Shah lost his inner Chanakya? |first=Arghya |last=Roy Choudhary |work=DNA |date=9 November 2015 |access-date=13 February 2021 |archive-date=16 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216021224/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/comment-bihar-elections-2015-has-amit-shah-lost-his-inner-chanakya-2143597 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shah also spearheaded campaigning in the 2017 assembly elections, which resulted in the party's success in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh]] and [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|Uttarakhand]]. This was the BJP's greatest run in recent elections; they won 312 seats out of 403.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Amit Shah: Uttar Pradesh election results: How BJP chief Amit Shah crafted a winning strategy for PM Modi |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uttar-pradesh-election-results-how-bjp-chief-amit-shah-crafted-a-winning-strategy-for-pm-modi/articleshow/57589801.cms |access-date=13 February 2021 |work=The Economic Times |date=11 March 2017 |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405061856/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uttar-pradesh-election-results-how-bjp-chief-amit-shah-crafted-a-winning-strategy-for-pm-modi/articleshow/57589801.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Narendra Modi's B.J.P. Party Wins Big in Uttar Pradesh, India's Largest State |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/11/world/asia/narendra-modis-party-wins-big-in-uttar-pradesh-indias-largest-state.html |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 2017 |access-date=13 February 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426175611/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/11/world/asia/narendra-modis-party-wins-big-in-uttar-pradesh-indias-largest-state.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The BJP also progressed in [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|Manipur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=How Amit Shah won U.P., one booth at a time |url=http://www.thehindu.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-2017/how-amit-shah-won-up-one-booth-at-a-time/article17448474.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 March 2017 |last1=Hebbar |first1=Nistula |access-date=13 February 2021 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224181725/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-2017/how-amit-shah-won-up-one-booth-at-a-time/article17448474.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The BJP won the 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly polls for a record six times and wrested power from [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] during the 2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly polls. In March 2018, the BJP won for the first time in the left-ruled north-eastern state of Tripura, where they won two-thirds of the votes. The BJP also made gains in Nagaland and Meghalaya and formed a government in both states with its allies.<br /> <br /> Shah led the BJP to victory in the 2019 Indian general election; he became the most successful BJP president.&lt;ref name=&quot;ET_most_successful&quot; /&gt; During the election campaign, he visited 312 of the 543 [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]], holding 18 roadshows, 161 public meetings and over 1,500 BJP meetings.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/legwork-foot-soldiers-and-focus-on-its-social-schemes-behind-bjp-s-success-1558637200733.html |title=Legwork, foot soldiers and focus on its social schemes behind BJP's success |last=Verma |first=Gyan |work=Mint |date=24 May 2019 |access-date=13 February 2021 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512215728/https://www.livemint.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/legwork-foot-soldiers-and-focus-on-its-social-schemes-behind-bjp-s-success-1558637200733.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shah had given BJP workers a seemingly audacious target of crossing 300 seats (Ab ki Baar 300 paar) an initiative he called &quot;Mission 300 Par&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/second-to-none-amit-shah-political-engine |title=Second to None: Amit Shah's Political Engine |last1=Singh |first1=Akshay Pratap |last2=Gaur |first2=Gaur |newspaper=Quint |date=30 May 2019 |access-date=13 February 2021 |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019085526/https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/second-to-none-amit-shah-political-engine |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The mission was accomplished under his leadership as party president cementing BJP undisputed king of India's political terrain.<br /> <br /> He is an admirer of Chanakya and often referred to as a modern-day [[Chanakya]],&lt;ref name=&quot;IT_May2019&quot;/&gt; who had skilfully replaced the [[Nanda dynasty]] by the young [[Chandragupta Maurya]]. Responding to questions about a portrait of Chanakya at his New Delhi residence in 2016, he said: &quot;[I admire] Chanakya because he was knowledgeable. His sutras are eternal. Economics, politics, and the problem of governance are all there.&quot; The ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' is another of his favourite books, which he studied when he was in prison in 2010 in connection with the [[death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Union Cabinet Minister (2019{{endash}}present) ==<br /> === Minister of Home Affairs ===<br /> [[File:Shri Amit Shah taking charge as the Union Minister for Home Affairs, in New Delhi on June 01, 2019 (1).jpg|thumb| Amit Shah, Union [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] taking charge of office, in New Delhi on 1 June 2019. The Union Home Secretary, Rajiv Gauba is also seen.]]<br /> [[File:Shri Amit Shah taking charge as the Union Minister for Home Affairs, in New Delhi on June 01, 2019.jpg|alt=|thumb|Amit Shah taking charge as the Union Minister for Home Affairs, in New Delhi on 1 June 2019]]<br /> <br /> ==== Article 370 ====<br /> Shah took oath as Cabinet Minister on 30 May 2019 and took office as [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] on 1 June 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |title=PM Modi allocates portfolios. Full list of new ministers |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/pm-modi-allocates-portfolios-full-list-of-new-ministers-1559288502067.html |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=31 May 2019 |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602015648/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/pm-modi-allocates-portfolios-full-list-of-new-ministers-1559288502067.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 5 August 2019, Shah moved a resolution to scrap [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India|Article 370]] in the Rajya Sabha&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kashmir-unrest-amit-shah-parliament-reservation-bill-amendment-artcle-370-1577275-2019-08-05|title=No Article 370 for Jammu &amp; Kashmir, historic move by Modi govt|date=5 August 2019|website=India Today|access-date=5 August 2019|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805061156/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kashmir-unrest-amit-shah-parliament-reservation-bill-amendment-artcle-370-1577275-2019-08-05|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and divide the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two, with Jammu and Kashmir serving as one of the union territories, and [[Ladakh]] serving as a separate union territory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/jammu-and-kashmir-crisis-live-updates-1564981600854.html|title=Jammu and Kashmir Live News: Article 370 to be revoked, J&amp;K to be reorganised|date=5 August 2019|website=LiveMint|access-date=5 August 2019|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805064544/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/jammu-and-kashmir-crisis-live-updates-1564981600854.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2019, Shah talked about how India needs one unifying language; he said the Hindi language should be spoken to unite the country and represent India in the world. In a tweet, he also appealed to the Indian people to increase the use of the Hindi language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/country-should-come-together-to-promote-hindi-says-amit-shah/article29415438.ece|title=Only Hindi can work to unite country, says Amit Shah|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 September 2019|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521083308/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/country-should-come-together-to-promote-hindi-says-amit-shah/article29415438.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nation-needs-one-unifying-language-amit-shah-bats-for-hindi-as-india-s-identity-1599035-2019-09-14|title=Nation needs one unifying language: Amit Shah bats for Hindi as India's identity|date=14 September 2019|website=India Today|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215133826/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nation-needs-one-unifying-language-amit-shah-bats-for-hindi-as-india-s-identity-1599035-2019-09-14|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 27 March 2024, Amit Shah stated that the central government would contemplate the possibility of repealing the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act in Jammu and Kashmir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Centre To Consider Revoking AFSPA, Pull Back Troops From J&amp;K: Amit Shah |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-to-consider-revoking-afspa-pull-back-troops-from-j-k-amit-shah-5317736 |work=NDTV |date=27 March 2024 |access-date=27 March 2024 |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327021622/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-to-consider-revoking-afspa-pull-back-troops-from-j-k-amit-shah-5317736 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== NRC and CAA ====<br /> On 19 November 2019, Shah declared in the Rajya Sabha of the Indian parliament that the [[National Register of Citizens]] (NRC) would be implemented throughout the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah NRC IT&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Amit Shah: NRC to apply nationwide, no person of any religion should worry |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amit-shah-nrc-rajya-sabha-1620810-2019-11-20 |access-date=22 December 2019 |work=India Today |date=20 November 2019 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204124743/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amit-shah-nrc-rajya-sabha-1620810-2019-11-20 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2019, he introduced the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019]], which grants Indian citizenship to religiously persecuted minority communities who migrated to the country before 2015 from the Muslim-majority countries of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. In [[Northeast India]], the act raised concerns about the impact of immigration on local culture and politics, which caused people to protest against the Act. Elsewhere, the opposition parties criticized the Act's exclusion of Muslims as detrimental to India's pluralism. Shah insisted the bill was not anti-Muslim, because it did not change their existing path to citizenship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/india-parliament-passes-citizenship-bill-1.5392455 |title=India's parliament passes contentious citizenship bill |publisher=CBC News |date=20 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219020812/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/india-parliament-passes-citizenship-bill-1.5392455 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Criminal Procedure (Identification) Bill 2022 ====<br /> [[File:Home Minister Shri Amit Anichandra Shah.jpg|alt=|thumb|Amit Shah in [[Vaishno Devi Temple]], [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir]], on 4 October 2022]]<br /> <br /> The bill aims to replace the Identification of Prisoners Act 1920. In the 1980s, the Law Commission of India, in its 87th report, had recommended significant changes to the existing law. The new bill will allow the police and prison authorities to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples, including retina and iris scans, of convicts and persons arrested on various charges. While moving the bill in the Lok Sabha, Shah said &quot;The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Bill, 2022, will not only fill those obsolete gap, but it will also widen the scope of evidence for conviction.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Harikishan |date=9 April 2022 |title=Criminal Procedure(Identification) Bill, 2022: The dreaded thanedar vs empowerment of police |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/political-pulse/criminal-procedureidentification-bill-2022-7860934/ |access-date=11 April 2022 |work=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410183902/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/political-pulse/criminal-procedureidentification-bill-2022-7860934/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sandhu |first=Kamaljit Kaur |date=6 April 2022 |title=Parliament passes Criminal Procedure (Identification) Bill |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/parliament-passes-criminal-procedure-identification-bill-amit-shah-1934380-2022-04-06 |access-date=11 April 2022 |work=India Today |language=en |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406160006/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/parliament-passes-criminal-procedure-identification-bill-amit-shah-1934380-2022-04-06 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Electoral performance ==<br /> <br /> Since 1989, Shah has fought 28 elections to various local bodies.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Result<br /> ! Votes<br /> ! % of votes<br /> ! Source<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] (by-election)<br /> | 1997<br /> | [[Sarkhej Assembly constituency|Sarkhej]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> | 76,839<br /> | 56.10%<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/ByeApril1997/S06/gj-64-la.html |title=Bye-Elections 1997: Sarkhej |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305154558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/ByeApril1997/S06/gj-64-la.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Gujarat Legislative Assembly<br /> | 1998<br /> | [[Sarkhej Assembly constituency|Sarkhej]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> | 193,373<br /> | 69.81%<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;rediff_1998_Sarkhej&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/election/gujarat/sarkhej.htm |title=Constituency Data – Summary: Sarkhej – 1998 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=26 June 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123338/http://www.rediff.com/election/gujarat/sarkhej.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Gujarat Legislative Assembly<br /> | 2002<br /> | [[Sarkhej Assembly constituency|Sarkhej]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> | 288,327<br /> | 66.98%<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/Decse2002/pollupd/ac/states/s06/aconst64.htm |title=State Elections 2002: 64-Sarkhej Constituency of Gujarat |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=26 June 2014 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024131/http://eci.nic.in/archive/Decse2002/pollupd/ac/states/s06/aconst64.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Gujarat Legislative Assembly<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sarkhej Assembly constituency|Sarkhej]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> | 407,659<br /> | 68.00%<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/Dec2007/pollupd/ac/states/s06/aconst64.htm |title=State Elections 2007: 64-Sarkhej Constituency of Gujarat |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=26 June 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225545/http://eci.nic.in/archive/Dec2007/pollupd/ac/states/s06/aconst64.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Gujarat Legislative Assembly<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> | 103,988<br /> | 69.19%<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main/CI_2013/Gujaratl/45-Naranpura.pdf |title=Form-21E: 45-Naranpura |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=26 June 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150128/http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main/CI_2013/Gujaratl/45-Naranpura.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Indian general election|Indian general election]]<br /> | 2019<br /> | [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> |888,210<br /> |69.76%<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Indian general election|Indian general election]]<br /> | 2024<br /> | [[Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gandhinagar]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> | 10,10,972<br /> | 76.5%<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S066.htm |title=⁦Election Commission of India |publisher=Election Commission of India |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605062117/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S066.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bullish Wins &amp; Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms |work=Economic Times |date=6 June 2024 |access-date=27 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727153249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms |archive-date=27 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Criticism ==<br /> [[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits Shauryanjali, a commemorative exhibition on the 1965 war.jpg|thumb|PM Modi visits Shauryanjali, a commemorative exhibition on the 1965 war.]]<br /> <br /> During his time as a general secretary of the BJP, party members credited Shah with promoting [[Hindutva]], encouraging Hindu voters to reject &quot;protectors of minorities&quot;, and opposing Modi's attempts to reconcile with the Muslim community.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Vij Aurora|first=Bhavna|date=7 April 2014|title=Spreading the Hindutva agenda: BJP's Amit Shah unlikely to lower his 'revenge' tenor|website=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/spreading-the-hindutva-agenda-bjps-amit-shah-unlikely-to-lower-his-revenge-tenor/articleshow/33351012.cms?from=mdr|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124112536/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/spreading-the-hindutva-agenda-bjps-amit-shah-unlikely-to-lower-his-revenge-tenor/articleshow/33351012.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shah convinced the Modi government in Gujarat to pass the [[Gujarat Freedom of Religion Act]] in 2003, which requires [[religious conversion]]s in the state – most of which are from [[Hinduism]] to other religions&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI conversions&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=In Gujarat, 94.4% of those seeking to convert are Hindu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/In-Gujarat-94-4-of-those-seeking-to-convert-are-Hindu/articleshow/51419977.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 March 2016|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222235234/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/In-Gujarat-94-4-of-those-seeking-to-convert-are-Hindu/articleshow/51419977.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; – to be approved by a [[district magistrate]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Shimron |first1=Yonat |title=A Dalit community looks to escape the caste system by converting to Buddhism |url=https://religionnews.com/2017/05/11/a-dalit-community-looks-to-escape-the-caste-system-by-converting-to-buddhism/ |website=[[Religion News Service]] |access-date=17 November 2020 |date=11 May 2017 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111190045/https://religionnews.com/2017/05/11/a-dalit-community-looks-to-escape-the-caste-system-by-converting-to-buddhism/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shah portrayed the bill as a measure against [[forced conversions]], although critics claimed that the bill undermined the [[Indian Constitution]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt; Between 2011 and 2016, approximately half of the applications for religious conversion in Gujarat were declined by the local government.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI conversions&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, EC barred Shah from conducting any public processions, marches, gatherings and roadshows in Uttar Pradesh due to speeches that were made to outrage the religious feelings and beliefs of different classes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=12 April 2014|title=EC comes out strong, bans Amit Shah &amp; Azam Khan from campaigning in UP|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ec-comes-out-strong-bans-amit-shah-azam-khan-from-campaigning-in-up/articleshow/33619567.cms?from=mdr|access-date=20 June 2020|archive-date=5 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405061857/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ec-comes-out-strong-bans-amit-shah-azam-khan-from-campaigning-in-up/articleshow/33619567.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, Shah said: &quot;Infiltrators are like termites in the soil of Bengal,&quot; and regarding the solution of this, stated: &quot;A Bharatiya Janata Party government will pick up infiltrators one by one and throw them into the Bay of Bengal.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 September 2018|title=BJP chief slammed for calling Bangladeshi migrants 'termites'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/09/bjp-chief-slammed-calling-bangladesh-migrants-termites-180924155313048.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=16 December 2018|archive-date=16 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216163401/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/09/bjp-chief-slammed-calling-bangladesh-migrants-termites-180924155313048.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 April 2019|title=Amit Shah vows to throw illegal immigrants into Bay of Bengal|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-election-speech-idUSKCN1RO1YD|access-date=20 June 2020|archive-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619181205/https://www.reuters.com/article/india-election-speech-idUSKCN1RO1YD|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2019, the [[US Commission on International Religious Freedom]] (USCIRF) asked the US administration to consider imposing sanctions against Shah if the Indian parliament passed the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Bill]]. USCIRF in its statement said: &quot;CAB is a dangerous turn in the wrong direction; it runs counter to India's rich history of secular pluralism and the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality before the law regardless of faith.&quot; The commission said that the CAB &quot;enshrines a pathway to citizenship for immigrants that specifically excludes Muslims, setting a legal criterion for citizenship based on religion&quot;. The external affairs ministry issued a counter-statement in response to USCIRF by saying it was not based on facts and the bill was to grant citizenship to persecuted religious minorities who arrived in India and does not aim to strip citizenship.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanctions on Amit Shah&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=11 December 2019|title=Sanctions against Amit Shah over CAB|newspaper=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sanctions-against-amit-shah-over-cab-rajnath-singh-jaishankar-may-take-up-issue-in-washington-dc/articleshow/72465942.cms|access-date=8 March 2020|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320010824/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sanctions-against-amit-shah-over-cab-rajnath-singh-jaishankar-may-take-up-issue-in-washington-dc/articleshow/72465942.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2024, the [[Government of Canada|Canadian government]] alleged that Shah was behind a campaign to intimidate and assassinate members of the [[Sikh diaspora]] living in Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=30 October 2024 |title=Canada alleges Indian minister behind plot to target Sikh separatists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/30/canada-alleges-indian-minister-amit-shah-plot-to-target-sikh-separatists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613201834/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/30/canada-alleges-indian-minister-amit-shah-plot-to-target-sikh-separatists |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=10 July 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2024 |title=Canada alleges Indian Home Minister Amit Shah ordered campaign targeting Sikh separatists |url=https://apnews.com/article/canada-india-amit-shah-sikh-c86c66930302357e3159688bede3e4e6 |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=[[Associated Press|AP News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Shah is married to Sonal Shah and the couple have a son named [[Jay Shah]] and six sisters, two of whom live in [[Chicago]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/ls-election-amit-shah-on-friday-wakes-up-late-eats-poha-chats-with-modi/20140516.htm|title=Exclusive! Amit Shah on Friday: Wakes up late, eats poha, chats with Modi|work=Rediff.com|access-date=22 December 2019|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216195732/https://www.rediff.com/news/report/ls-election-amit-shah-on-friday-wakes-up-late-eats-poha-chats-with-modi/20140516.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; Shah's mother died from an illness on 8 June 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;Open_2014_Mind&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Caravan_Organiser_2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2019, he had an operation for [[lipoma]] on the back of his neck.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amit-shah-successfully-operated-for-lipoma-at-a-hospital-in-ahmedabad-5965286/|title = Amit Shah undergoes operation for lipoma at Ahmedabad hospital|date = 5 September 2019|access-date = 4 September 2019|archive-date = 4 September 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190904101340/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amit-shah-successfully-operated-for-lipoma-at-a-hospital-in-ahmedabad-5965286/|url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 2 August 2020, Shah tested positive for [[COVID-19]] and was admitted to the hospital.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 August 2020|title=Home Minister Amit Shah tests positive for COVID-19|work=[[Tribune India]]|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/home-minister-amit-shah-tests-positive-for-covid-19-121175|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803151518/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/home-minister-amit-shah-tests-positive-for-covid-19-121175|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Third Modi ministry]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> *{{Cite book |last1=Ganguly |first1=Anirban |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udOUDwAAQBAJ |title=Amit Shah and the March of BJP |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Shiwanand |date=30 May 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-88134-13-2 |language=en}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/16/amit-shah-narendra-modi-right-hand-man-india|title='He likes scaring people': how Modi's right-hand man, Amit Shah, runs India|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=16 May 2024|author=Atul Dev}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> {{Wikiquote}}<br /> * {{Official website|http://www.amitshah.co.in/}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-par|in-lwr}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[L. K. Advani]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament&lt;br /&gt;for [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]] |years=2019 – Present}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=Incumbent}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-off}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Rajnath Singh]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|years=30 May 2019 – Present}}<br /> {{s-inc}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-bef|before=Ministry did not exist}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Co-operation|Minister of Co-operation]]|years=7 July 2021 – Present}}<br /> {{s-inc}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-ppo}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Rajnath Singh]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|years=2014–2019}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[J. P. Nadda]]}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{G20-Interior}}<br /> {{Second Narendra Modi Cabinet}}<br /> {{Third Modi ministry}}<br /> {{Home Ministry (India)}}<br /> {{Bharatiya Janata Party|state=collapsed}}<br /> {{Indian general election, 2019|National parties=[[BJP]](Shah)}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Amit}}<br /> [[Category:1964 births]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati people]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarat University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Ahmedabad]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Presidents of Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Vaishnavites]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]<br /> [[Category:National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election]]<br /> [[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]<br /> [[Category:Ministers of internal affairs of India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarat MLAs 1998–2002]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2002–2007]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017]]<br /> [[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nashik&diff=458624 2026-03-23T07:05:47Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Metropolitan City in Maharashtra, India}}<br /> {{about|the city|the eponymous district|Nashik district}}<br /> {{redirect|Nasik|places in Iran|Nasik, Iran (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{redirect|Panchavati}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Nashik<br /> | native_name_lang = iso 15919<br /> | other_name = Nasik&lt;!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:NOINDICSCRIPT policy. --&gt;<br /> | settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]&lt;!-- Do not change, this is the correct name per the city website --&gt;<br /> | image_skyline = {{multiple image<br /> | border = infobox<br /> | space = 3<br /> | total_width = 275<br /> | perrow = 1/1/2/2<br /> | image1 = NashikViewfromPandavLeni.jpg<br /> | image2 = Nashik Skyline at Night.jpg<br /> | image3 = Goda ghat nasik.jpg<br /> | image4 = Kalaram Temple Nashik Corner View.jpg<br /> | image5 = PandavLena Caves Nashik.jpg<br /> | image6 = Nashik Clouds.jpg<br /> }}<br /> | image_caption = Clockwise from top: Nashik City skyline, Nashik City at Night, [[Godavari]] Ghat, [[Pandavleni Caves]], [[Kalaram Temple]], and View of Nashik mountains<br /> | image_alt = =<br /> | nickname = ''Wine Capital of India''&lt;ref name=&quot;wine&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Why Nashik is the wine capital of India - Asia-Pacific - RFI|url=http://en.rfi.fr/asia-pacific/20160925-why-nashik-wine-capital-india|access-date=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409105924/http://en.rfi.fr/asia-pacific/20160925-why-nashik-wine-capital-india|archive-date=9 April 2018|date=25 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- Unsourced nicknames will be removed per WP:V policy. --&gt;<br /> | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1191|frame-width=370|frame-height=300|frame-lat=18.92|frame-long=76.68|stroke-width=3|zoom=6|type2=point|coord2={{coord|19|59|51.0|N|73|47|23.3|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}<br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map_caption = Location of Nashik in Maharashtra<br /> | pushpin_map = <br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = <br /> | pushpin_relief = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|19|59|51.0|N|73|47|23.3|E|display=inline,title}}[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nashik&amp;params=19_59_51.0_N_73_47_23.3_E_type:city(1486053)_region:IN-MH]<br /> | subdivision_type = [[Country]]<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Divisions of Maharashtra|Division]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Nashik district|Nashik]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Nashik division|Nashik]]<br /> | parts_type = [[Taluka]], [[Tehsil]]<br /> | government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]<br /> | governing_body = [[Nashik Municipal Corporation]]<br /> | leader_title = [[Mayor]]<br /> | leader_name = Himgauri Aher ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/nashik-civic-bodys-term-ends-nmc-to-get-administrator-from-march-15/articleshow/89980059.cms |title=Nashik civic body's term ends, NMC to get administrator from March 15 |date=4 March 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 March 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LokmatMarch2022&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/nashik/administrative-rule-over-the-nashik-municipal-corporation-a498/ |title=Administrative rule over the Nashik Municipal Corporation |date=4 March 2022 |work=Lokmat Times |access-date=15 March 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | leader_title1 = Guardian Minister<br /> | leader_name1 = [[Girish Mahajan]]<br /> | leader_title2 = [[Municipal Commissioner]] and Administrator<br /> | leader_name2 = Ashok Karanjkar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dr. Ashok Karanjkar |url=https://nashik.gov.in/whoswho/dr-ashok-karanjkar/ |website=Nashik District, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |access-date=27 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | leader_title3 = [[District magistrate|District Magistrate and Collector]]<br /> | leader_name3 = Ayush Prasad, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br /> | leader_title4 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]<br /> | leader_name4 = [[Rajabhau Waje]] ([[Shiv Sena (UBT)]])<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nashik Municipal Corporation|url=http://nashikcorporation.in/upload/download/1927_DPReportU-S28.pdf|website=nashikcorporation.in|access-date=24 November 2020|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110113426/http://nashikcorporation.in/upload/download/1927_DPReportU-S28.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | area_total_km2 = 267<br /> | area_total_sq_mi = auto<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 602.48<br /> | elevation_max_m = 1567<br /> | elevation_max_footnotes = (at [[Salher]] Peak)<br /> | population_total = 1486053<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|work=Census of India 2011|publisher=The Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723151530/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_metro = 15,62,769<br /> | population_metro_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census India 2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Major Agglomerations|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=25 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017153124/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=17 October 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | population_blank1_title = Metro rank<br /> | population_blank1 = India: [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|29th]]<br /> | population_demonym = Nashikkar, Nashikites<br /> | demographics_type1 = Language<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 422 001&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://webconte.com/pin_code/place/nashik/5007|title=Pin Code Nashik, Maharashtra Government}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | area_code = 91(253)<br /> | registration_plate = MH-15 (Nashik City), MH-41(Malegaon)<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | website = {{URL|https://nashik.gov.in/}} &lt;br /&gt; {{URL|https://nmc.gov.in/}}&lt;br /&gt;{{URL|https://nashikmrda.in/}}<br /> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product|Nominal GDP]] ([[Nashik district|Nashik District]])<br /> | blank_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|195406|c}} (2023-24)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2023-24|url=http://mls.org.in/PDF2023/BUDGET/ESM_2023_24_Eng_Book.pdf|website=mahades.maharashtra.gov.in|date=7 October 2023|access-date=4 January 2024|archive-date=25 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225061923/http://mls.org.in/PDF2023/BUDGET/ESM_2023_24_Eng_Book.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = 894 [[female|♀]] / 1000 [[male|♂]]&lt;ref name=ratios&gt;{{cite web| title=Demography |publisher=Nashik District, Government of Maharashtra, India | url=https://nashik.gov.in/about-district/demography/#:~:text=Nashik%20city%20had%20an%20average,1000%20males%20for%20Nashik%20city| language=en-in |date=31 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = {{nowrap|{{increase}}}} 0.746 ({{color|#090|high}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.mls.org.in/pdf2021/budget/budgetpdf/ESM_2020_21_Eng_Book.pdf|title=Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2020–21 |website=mls.org.in |access-date=7 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Literacy]]<br /> | blank4_info_sec1 = 89.85%&lt;ref name=ratios/&gt;<br /> | official_name = <br /> | native_name = ''Nāśika''<br /> }}<br /> '''Nashik''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɑː|ʃ|ɪ|k}}; {{IPA|mr|naːʃik|lang}};}} formerly '''Nasik''',{{efn|{{pronunciation|Nashik.ogg|listen|(|help=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jjkent.com/articles/nassak-diamond-history.htm |title=jjkent.com |publisher=jjkent.com |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127004051/http://www.jjkent.com/articles/nassak-diamond-history.htm |archive-date=27 January 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}} is a city in the northern region of the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]] situated on the banks of the river [[Godavari River|Godavari]], about {{cvt|165|km}} northeast of the state capital [[Mumbai]]. The city lies in the [[Nashik Metropolitan Region]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Nashik district]]. Nashik is the 4th largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai, [[Pune]] and [[Nagpur]], and the largest city in Northern Maharashtra. <br /> <br /> Nashik is one of the [[Hindu pilgrimage sites]] of the [[Kumbh Mela]], which is held every 12 years.&lt;ref name=Kumbh/&gt;&lt;ref name=history/&gt; <br /> <br /> According to the ''[[Ramayana]]'', Nashik is where [[Lakshmana]] cut off the nose of the demoness [[Surpanakha|Surpanakha]] on the banks of the [[Godavari River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Development and present Status of Nashik District|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/95441/15/15_chapter6.pdf|date=3 June 2016&lt;!--from PDF source--&gt;|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110143/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/95441/15/15_chapter6.pdf|archive-date=9 April 2018|page=195}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Lakshman cuts off the nose of Shurpanakha | website=British Library Blog | date=17 December 2013 | url=https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2013/12/lakshman-cuts-off-the-nose-of-shurpanakha.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also called Panchavati.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&amp;q=nashik+also+known+as+panchavati |title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341517-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> It was known as &quot;Gulshanabad&quot; during the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] period.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Irvine |first1=William |title=Later Mughal |date=1971 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&amp;dq=nashik++Gulshanabad+Mughal+period&amp;pg=RA1-PA43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Shah |first1=Vaishali |title=Hindu Culture and Lifestyle: Living Indian Traditions in the age of Artificial Intelligence |date=11 July 2019 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64587-608-3 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F7KhDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=nashik+Gulshanabad+Mughal&amp;pg=PT106}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{main|History of Nashik}}<br /> <br /> ===Mythology===<br /> Nashik was known as &quot;Padmanagar&quot; during the [[Satya Yuga]], &quot;Trikantak&quot; during the [[Treta Yuga]], &quot;Janasthana&quot; during the [[Dvapara Yuga]], and finally &quot;Navashikh&quot; or &quot;Nashik&quot; during the [[Kali Yuga]], according to Hindu traditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 February 2021 |title=History of Nashik |url=https://www.mintageworld.com/blog/history-of-nashik/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Blog {{!}} Mintage World |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nashik is significant in history, social life, and culture. The city is located on the banks of the [[Godavari River]], making it a sacred site for Hindus around the world. During his 14-year exile from Ayodhya, [[Rama]], the king of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]], is said to have made Nashik his home.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=5 March 2018 |title=Kala Ram Temple, Lord Rama's Home in Nasik |url=https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/kala-ram-temple-lord-ramas-home-in-nasik/ |magazine=Sanskriti Magazine |access-date=14 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to Hindu tradition, Nashik is associated with the epic Ramayana: it is the place where Lakshmana severed the nose of the demoness Shurpanakha on the banks of the Godavari River during the 14-year exile of Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana. The area around Panchavati is considered sacred and features several temples and holy sites.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nashik where wine and spirituality converge |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/maharashtra/nashik |access-date=3 January 2026 |website=Incredible India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Nashik Tram ===<br /> The Nashik Tram was started from the Old Municipal Building on the main road to Nashik Road railway station around 1889.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Once upon a tram: The story of India's tramways |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/story-of-indias-trams-tramways-mumbai-9316868/ |access-date=2 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The tram served the people of Nashik for almost 44 years. The tram station was at the Main Road, and the tram reached the Nashik Road railway station via the present Main Road, Bhadrakali Market, Ghasbazar, and Phalke Road. It covered a distance of about eight to ten kilometres, and the stretch used to be covered with dense jungle at the time. In the article ‘Nashik-then’, poet [[Kusumagraj]] wrote: &quot;If the carriages were full, the tram would leave. It would ring the bell and drive out of the village to the main road and then to the grass market.&lt;ref name=&quot;deshdoot.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Revolutionary activities ===<br /> In the 1900s, the Hindu nationalist [[Vinayak Savarkar|Sri Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] along with his brother, founded a secret society named [[Abhinav Bharat Society|Abhinav Bharat]] in Nasik under the name &quot;Mitra Mela&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abhinav Bharat |url=https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?5751}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was one among many in Maharashtra. On 21 December 1909, [[Anant Laxman Kanhere|Anant Kanhere]], a Abhinav Bharat member and student from [[Aurangabad]], assassinated Nashik's governor [[A. M. T. Jackson]] while he was watching a play in a theatre.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 December 2024 |title=An assassination 115 years ago that had the British gunning for Veer Savarkar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/an-assassination-115-years-ago-that-had-the-british-gunning-for-veer-savarkar-2654179-2024-12-23 |access-date=2 March 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanhere was arrested on the spot, and after investigation, police arrested Vinayak Savarkar and others for conspiring against the government to instigate an armed rebellion. The case was known as the &quot;Nasik Conspiracy Case - 1910&quot;. <br /> <br /> In 1930, the Nashik [[Satyagraha]] was launched under the leadership of [[B. R. Ambedkar]] for the entry of Dalits in Kalaram Mandir. In 1931, a meeting of the Bombay Province [[Charmakar]] Parishad was organised in Nashik to work out the Chambhars' position concerning the Second [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]] in which Ambedkar was going to participate. In 1932, he organised his temple entry movement for the abolition of untouchability in Nashik.&lt;ref&gt;B._R._Ambedkar&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> [[File:Nashik Clouds.jpg|left|thumb|Nashik has lush mountainous terrain]]<br /> Nashik lies in the northern part of [[Maharashtra]] state, {{convert|584|m|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nashik.nic.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/disoverview.htm |title=Overview of District |website=Official Website of Nashik District |publisher=Nashik.nic.in |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405153304/http://www.nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/disoverview.htm |archive-date=5 April 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; from the mean sea level.&lt;ref name=wine/&gt;<br /> <br /> The river [[Godavari]] originates from the [[Brahmagiri (Maharashtra)|Brahmagiri Mountain]], [[Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple|Trimbakeshwar]], about {{Convert|24|km|abbr=on}} from Nashik, and flows through the old residential settlement, now in the central part of the city. Due to the high pollution created by factories in proximity to the city, the river was dying at an alarming rate. It has since been successfully cleaned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=geography |url=http://www.ecoindia.com |access-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118214332/http://www.ecoindia.com/ |archive-date=18 January 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nashik lies on the western edge of the [[Deccan Plateau]], an ancient volcanic formation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/geology.htm |title=Official WebSite of District |publisher=Nashik.nic.in |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716225947/http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/geology.htm |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Trimbakeshwar]] is about {{Convert|30|km|abbr=on}} from the city, it is where from river [[Godavari]] originates. The land area of the city is about {{convert|259.13|km2|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;nashikcorporation.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nashikcorporation.com/html/history/index.shtml |title=History of Nashik |publisher=Nashikcorporation.com |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227072248/http://www.nashikcorporation.com/html/history/index.shtml |archive-date=27 December 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Climate ===<br /> The city's tropical location and high altitude combine to give it a relatively mild version of a [[Tropical savanna climate|tropical wet and dry climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Aw)''. Temperatures rise slightly in October, but this is followed by the cool season from November to February. The cool season sees warm temperatures of around {{convert|28|C|F|1|disp=or}} during the day, but cool nights, with lows averaging {{convert|10|C|F|disp=or}}, and extremely dry air.<br /> {{Weather box|width=auto<br /> | collapsed =<br /> | metric first = Yes<br /> | single line = Yes<br /> | location = Nashik ([[Ozar Airport]]) 1991–2020, extremes 1965–present<br /> | Jan record high C = 40.2<br /> | Feb record high C = 38.6<br /> | Mar record high C = 40.4<br /> | Apr record high C = 42.8<br /> | May record high C = 44.8<br /> | Jun record high C = 43.3<br /> | Jul record high C = 35.4<br /> | Aug record high C = 34.3<br /> | Sep record high C = 36.5<br /> | Oct record high C = 38.5<br /> | Nov record high C = 44.0<br /> | Dec record high C = 44.4<br /> | year record high C = 44.8<br /> | Jan high C = 29.0<br /> | Feb high C = 31.5<br /> | Mar high C = 34.9<br /> | Apr high C = 37.6<br /> | May high C = 37.4<br /> | Jun high C = 32.1<br /> | Jul high C = 28.0<br /> | Aug high C = 27.6<br /> | Sep high C = 29.1<br /> | Oct high C = 31.7<br /> | Nov high C = 30.6<br /> | Dec high C = 29.4<br /> |year high C = 31.6<br /> | Jan low C = 10.4<br /> | Feb low C = 12.6<br /> | Mar low C = 16.2<br /> | Apr low C = 20.0<br /> | May low C = 22.4<br /> | Jun low C = 23.2<br /> | Jul low C = 22.3<br /> | Aug low C = 21.6<br /> | Sep low C = 21.2<br /> | Oct low C = 18.6<br /> | Nov low C = 14.7<br /> | Dec low C = 11.8<br /> | year low C = 17.8<br /> | Jan record low C = 0.4<br /> | Feb record low C = 0.6<br /> | Mar record low C = 5.7<br /> | Apr record low C = 8.8<br /> | May record low C = 13.5<br /> | Jun record low C = 18.3<br /> | Jul record low C = 17.0<br /> | Aug record low C = 17.0<br /> | Sep record low C = 13.5<br /> | Oct record low C = 9.8<br /> | Nov record low C = 4.4<br /> | Dec record low C = 2.2<br /> | year record low C = 0.4<br /> | rain colour = green<br /> | Jan rain mm = 0.6<br /> | Feb rain mm = 3.2<br /> | Mar rain mm = 7.5<br /> | Apr rain mm = 1.1<br /> | May rain mm = 10.2<br /> | Jun rain mm = 120.1<br /> | Jul rain mm = 240.6<br /> | Aug rain mm = 196.5<br /> | Sep rain mm = 169.4<br /> | Oct rain mm = 68.0<br /> | Nov rain mm = 26.2<br /> | Dec rain mm = 2.3<br /> | year rain mm = 845.9<br /> | Jan rain days = 0.1<br /> | Feb rain days = 0.1<br /> | Mar rain days = 0.7<br /> | Apr rain days = 0.1<br /> | May rain days = 1.1<br /> | Jun rain days = 6.6<br /> | Jul rain days = 14.4<br /> | Aug rain days = 12.5<br /> | Sep rain days = 10.0<br /> | Oct rain days = 4.5<br /> | Nov rain days = 1.7<br /> | Dec rain days = 0.3<br /> | year rain days = 52.0<br /> |time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | Jan humidity = 32<br /> | Feb humidity = 25<br /> | Mar humidity = 20<br /> | Apr humidity = 20<br /> | May humidity = 30<br /> | Jun humidity = 64<br /> | Jul humidity = 81<br /> | Aug humidity = 82<br /> | Sep humidity = 78<br /> | Oct humidity = 54<br /> | Nov humidity = 44<br /> | Dec humidity = 39<br /> |year humidity = 47<br /> |source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]&lt;ref name=IMDnormals&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf<br /> | archive-date = 5 February 2020<br /> | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf<br /> | title = Station: Ozar (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010<br /> | work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010<br /> | publisher = India Meteorological Department<br /> | date = January 2015<br /> | pages = 577–578<br /> | access-date = 10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=IMDextremes&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf<br /> | archive-date = 5 February 2020<br /> | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf<br /> | title = Extremes of Temperature &amp; Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)<br /> | publisher = India Meteorological Department<br /> | date = December 2016<br /> | page = M149<br /> | access-date = 10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=IMDcityextremes2&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> | url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf<br /> | archive-date = 1 January 2023<br /> | title = Climatological Tables 1991-2020<br /> | publisher = India Meteorological Department<br /> | access-date = 1 January 2023<br /> | page = 21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}Nashik has been ranked 19th in the “National Clean Air City” (under Category &gt;10L Population cities) rankings according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religions in Nashik City (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Religion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#FCD116<br /> |left1=Religion<br /> |right1=Percent<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|85.21}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|8.91}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|yellow|3.18}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]|pink|1.10}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Maharashtra|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.00}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.60}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Nashik is the fourth largest city in [[Maharashtra]] in terms of population after Mumbai, Pune, and Nagpur. According to the Census of India, 2011, Nashik had a population of 1,486,053. Males are 782,517 in number and females 703,536. The Metropolitan Nashik population was 1,561,809, of which 821,921 were males and 739,888 were females. Nashik city had an average literacy rate of 89.85%: male literacy was 93.40%, and female literacy was 85.92%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2011 Census Nashik|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/361-nashik.html|website=India 2011 Census|access-date=21 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708095900/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/361-nashik.html|archive-date=8 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The sex ratio is 894 per 1,000 males for Nashik city. The child sex ratio is 865 girls per 1,000 boys. 11.42% of the population is under 6 years of age.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/361-nashik.html|title=Nashik City Population Census 2011 – Maharashtra|access-date=27 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703090619/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/361-nashik.html|archive-date=3 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the census year 2001, the Nashik Urban Agglomeration had a population of {{formatnum:1152326}}. Thus, it was the fourth largest urban area in [[Maharashtra]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;after [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]] and [[Nagpur]]. The projected population of Nashik urban agglomeration (which includes abutting urban areas like [[Deolali]]) as of 11 November 2012 is {{formatnum:1562769}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;citypopulation. de&quot;&gt;{{cite web |first=Thomas |last=Brinkhoff |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html |title=The Principal Agglomerations of the World&amp;nbsp;– Population Statistics &amp; Maps |publisher=Citypopulation.de |date=23 January 2010 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704112702/http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html |archive-date=4 July 2010 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |thumb = left<br /> |caption = Language in Nashik City (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Language&quot;/&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 76.69 |color1 = red<br /> |label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 11.80 |color2 = orange<br /> |label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 3.26 |color3 = green<br /> |label4 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value4 = 2.16 |color4 = lightblue<br /> |label5 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value5 = 1.26 |color5 = maroon<br /> |label6 = Others |value6 = 4.83 |color6 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> At the time of the 2011 census, 76.69% of the population spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 11.80% [[Hindi]], 3.26% [[Urdu]], 2.16% [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and 1.26% [[Marwari language|Marwari]] as their first language.&lt;ref name=&quot;Language&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10253/download/13365/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Governance and politics ==<br /> {{See also|Nashik division|Nashik district}}<br /> <br /> === Civic administration ===<br /> Nashik city is governed by the [[Nashik Municipal Corporation]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nashikcorporation.in/|title=Nashik Municipal Corporation :: Nashik Municipal Corporation|website=nashikcorporation.in|access-date=21 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113015429/http://nashikcorporation.in/|archive-date=13 January 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nashik is the district headquarters of the Nashik District, {{cvt|185|km}} away from Mumbai. The city has developed on both banks of the Godavari, which divides the city into almost equal halves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nashik Municipal Corporation :: General Body|url=http://nashikcorporation.in/public/article/index/id/39|access-date=8 October 2020|website=nashikcorporation.in|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012005530/http://nashikcorporation.in/public/article/index/id/39}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The ward committee consists of councillors representing the electoral wards within the territorial area of the ward committee.&lt;ref name=&quot;nashikcorporation.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Nashik Municipal Corporation :: Ward Committee |url=https://nashikcorporation.in/article/index/id/60|access-date=9 October 2020|website=nashikcorporation.in|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011070605if_/https://nashikcorporation.in/article/index/id/60}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are six ward committees namely Nashik (E), Nashik (W), Nashik Road, Panchavati, CIDCO and Satpur.&lt;ref name=&quot;nashikcorporation.in&quot;/&gt; The main function of the committees is to approve the cost of works for the wards, incorporate the expenses in the budget among others.<br /> <br /> === Municipal finance ===<br /> According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nashik Municipal Corporation Finance |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/nashik |publisher=CityFinance Portal, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |access-date=17 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; the Nashik Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹1,996 crore (US$240 million) and total expenditure of ₹1,345 crore (US$162 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 15.9% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹1,194 crore in grants during the financial year.<br /> <br /> === Civic services ===<br /> The Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC) is planning to start major civic projects in 2020. The municipal corporation will prioritise new smart roads, 800 CCTVs, and LED streetlights. It will also implement a smart parking system and the Goda beautification project. For water infrastructure, two new water treatment plants will be built and existing sewage treatment plants will be upgraded.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=www.ETGovernment.com|title=Maharashtra: Major civic projects of Nashik Municipal Corporation to get boost in 2020 - ET Government|url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/smart-infra/maharashtra-major-civic-projects-of-nashik-municipal-corporation-to-get-boost-in-2020/73025022|access-date=9 October 2020|website=ETGovernment.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Solid waste management ====<br /> In the Nashik Municipal Corporation area about 225 MT of solid waste is generated per day. Unlike other Indian cities, this garbage is collected by vehicles titled 'Ghantagadi' (meaning the vehicle with a bell): a system which has resulted in smaller versions of the ghantagadi plying in the congested old city areas. A plant has been set by the Nashik Municipal Corporation near [[Pandavleni Caves]] to process the garbage and convert it into compost.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nashikcorporation.com/html/aboutus/nmc_cdp/Chapter8.pdf |title=Concept Paper on Preparation of City Development Plan For Three Cities of Jharkhand Under Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Missi |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304050821/http://www.nashikcorporation.com/html/aboutus/nmc_cdp/Chapter8.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Digital services ====<br /> The NMC provides an online website for various civic services like birth certificate registration, medical services, taxes, development services, etc.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Civic Services Nashik Municipal Corporation |url=https://civicservices.nmc.gov.in/services |website=civicservices.nmc.gov.in |access-date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Economy ==<br /> === Agriculture ===<br /> [[Image:Grape vineyards Viticulture Farming Sula winery Nasik Maharashtra India.jpg|thumb|right|A grape vineyard in Nashik.]]<br /> [[File:The Tasting Cellar.jpg|thumb|Tasting cellar at [[Sula Vineyards]]]]<br /> In early 1925, the table grape revolution was started in [[Ozar, Nashik District|Ozar]], a small town near Nashik, by Raosaheb Jairam Krishna Gaikwad. Today, table grapes are exported to [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], and Asia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Pawar |first=Tushar |date=16 May 2012|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/Indias-grape-export-up-by-nearly-60-this-year/articleshow/13159649.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130624215657/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-16/nashik/31725908_1_containers-tonnes-grape-export |archive-date=24 June 2013 |title=India's grape export up by nearly 60% this year |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The total cultivatible area in Nashik district is 864,000 hectares, of which the average Kharif crop area is 663,200 hectares, and the average Rabbi crop area is 136,500 hectares. The sown area is 658,763 hectares (99%) and the forest land is 340,000 hectares (21.75%). The uncultivable area is 23,000 hectares (1.48%).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/agriculture.htm |title=Official Website of Nashik District |publisher=Nashik.nic.in |date=31 October 2012 |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505181155/https://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/agriculture.htm |archive-date=5 May 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Industry ===<br /> [[File:SU-30_MKI_Lajes.JPG|thumb|left|[[Sukhoi Su-30MKI]] is manufactured at [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] plant in Nashik]]<br /> The [[Igatpuri]]-Nashik-[[Sinnar]] investment region is an important node in the US$90billion Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor launched in Maharashtra|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/delhi-mumbai-industrial-corridor-launched-in-maharashtra/1230819/|access-date=13 January 2018|agency=Financial Express|date=4 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114021338/http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/delhi-mumbai-industrial-corridor-launched-in-maharashtra/1230819/|archive-date=14 January 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Khapre|first1=Shubhangi|title=Magnetic Maharashtra: Delhi-Mumbai industrial corridor to be showcased|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/magnetic-maharashtra-delhi-mumbai-industrial-corridor-to-be-showcased-5058042/|access-date=19 May 2018|agency=Indian Express|date=10 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519121542/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/magnetic-maharashtra-delhi-mumbai-industrial-corridor-to-be-showcased-5058042/|archive-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nashik is a defence and aerospace manufacturing hub. [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] has an aircraft manufacturing plant located in [[Ozar, Nashik District|Ozar]], where aircraft for the [[Indian Air Force]] are manufactured and overhauled.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hal-india.com/aircraftdivisionnasik.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323073214/http://hal-india.com/aircraftdivisionnasik.asp|title=Welcome to HAL&amp;nbsp;– Aircraft Division|archive-date=23 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Currency Note Press&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=92109 |title=Currency Note Press, Nashik has Highest Ever Monthly Production of 451.5 Million Pieces (MPCS) of Banknotes during January, 2013 |date=8 February 2013 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]], Government of India |access-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015107/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=92109 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[India Security Press]] are on Nashik Road, where Indian currency and government stamp papers are printed respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cnpnashik.spmcil.com/SPMCIL/Interface/Home.aspx |title=CNPN Home |publisher=Cnpnashik.spmcil.com |date=21 October 2010 |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627223555/http://cnpnashik.spmcil.com/spmcil/Interface/Home.aspx |archive-date=27 June 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Industrial areas in [[Nashik district]] are Satpur, Ambad, [[Sinnar]], [[Igatpuri]], [[Dindori, Maharashtra|Dindori]] and [[Vinchur]]. The proposed additional areas are [[Sinnar]], [[Malegaon]] and Rajur Bahula.&lt;ref name=profile/&gt;<br /> <br /> Industries in [[Nashik district]] include [[Atlas Copco]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH]], [[CEAT Limited]], [[Crompton Greaves]], [[ThyssenKrupp]], [[Epcos]], [[Everest Industries]], [[GlaxoSmithKline]], [[Hindustan Unilever Limited]], [[Kirloskar Group]], [[Dabur]], [[KSB Company|KSB Pumps]], [[Larsen &amp; Toubro]], [[Mahindra and Mahindra]], [[United Spirits Limited]], [[Mahindra Ugine Steel]], [[Samsonite]], [[Shalimar Paints]], [[Siemens]], [[VIP Industries]], and [[Indian Oil Corporation]].&lt;ref name=profile&gt;{{cite report|title=Brief Industrial Profile of Nashik District |url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/Nashik%20Profile.pdf |author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date=19 July 2013&lt;!--from PDF source--&gt;|publisher=GOI Ministry of MSME|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809191616/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/Nashik%20Profile.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Apart from manufacturing, Nashik is an emerging investment destination for [[Information Technology]] companies. [[Tata Consultancy Services]] has invested in Nashik under the Government of India's BPO promotion scheme (IBPS). [[WNS Global Services|WNS]], [[Accenture]] and [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=India BPO promotion scheme|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/tata-consultancy-services-sets-up-business-process-service-centre-in-patna-117051100644_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809132329/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/tata-consultancy-services-sets-up-business-process-service-centre-in-patna-117051100644_1.html|archive-date=9 August 2017|url-status=live|date=11 May 2017|last1=Market|first1=Capital}}&lt;/ref&gt; have set up Digital Impact Square, or DISQ, a social innovation center.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=After Pune, Nashik is emerging as latest hub for tech startups in India|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/after-pune-nashik-is-emerging-as-latest-hub-for-tech-startups-in-india/articleshow/53578201.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811205935/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/after-pune-nashik-is-emerging-as-latest-hub-for-tech-startups-in-india/articleshow/53578201.cms|archive-date=11 August 2017|url-status=live|date=7 August 2016|last1=Layak|first1=Suman}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nashik has a textile industry.&lt;ref name=&quot;nashik.nic.in&quot; /&gt; [[National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development]] has selected [[Yeola]] Block for development of [[Paithani]] Cluster.&lt;ref name=&quot;nashik.nic.in&quot; /&gt; To facilitate exports, a container freight station was started at [[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation|MIDC]] Ambad by the Central Government.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/industry.htm|title=Industry|website=Official Website of Nashik District|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406030911/http://www.nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/industry.htm|archive-date=6 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Wine industry ====<br /> {{Main|Nashik grape|Nashik valley wine}}<br /> <br /> Nashik has been described as &quot;The Wine Capital of India&quot;. The Nashik region reportedly produced 10,000 tonnes of grapes per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/nashik-to-host-first-grape-harvest-fest-692988|title=Nashik Harvest|publisher=Food NDTV|access-date=27 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062354/http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/nashik-to-host-first-grape-harvest-fest-692988|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013, there were 22 wineries in Nashik, out of 46 wineries throughout India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/-maharashtra-s-grape-wine-industry-has-bright-future-ahead-106121301085_1.html |title=Business Standard |publisher=Business Standard |access-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208050415/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/-maharashtra-s-grape-wine-industry-has-bright-future-ahead-106121301085_1.html |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=live |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=13 December 2006 |last1=Pawar |first1=Tushar }}&lt;/ref&gt; The largest vineyard in Nashik is the [[Sula Vineyards]].&lt;ref name=wine/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the harvest season, Nashik is home to several wine festivals, such as the India Grape Harvest and SulaFest.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bhosale |first1=Jayashree |title=Nashik wineries host festivals to boost sales and create brand awareness |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/liquor/nashik-wineries-host-festivals-to-boost-sales-and-create-brand-awareness/articleshow/28544355.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=8 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-now/corporate/leaders-of-tomorrow-nashik-the-wine-capital-of-india/videoshow/9609493.cms |title=Leaders of Tomorrow: Nashik- The wine capital of India |date=15 August 2011 |work=Economic Times |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803213739/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-now/corporate/leaders-of-tomorrow-nashik-the-wine-capital-of-india/videoshow/9609493.cms |archive-date=3 August 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Culture and cityscape ==<br /> {{Main|Culture of Nashik}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Shri 1008 Rishabdev Bhagwan 108 idol at Mangi Tungi.jpg|left|thumb|108 feet Rishabdev Bhagwan at [[Mangi Tungi]]]]<br /> [[File:Trimbak Mandir.jpg|thumb|Trimbakeshwar Temple near Nashik]]<br /> In February 2016, The [[Statue of Ahimsa]], a {{cvt|108|ft}} idol of the first Jain [[tirthankara]] [[Rishabhanatha|Rishabhdev]] carved in monolithic stone was consecrated at [[Mangi Tungi]] nearly {{cvt|122|km}} from Nashik city. It is recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records as the tallest [[Jain]] idol in the world.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/Guinness-Book-to-certify-Mangi-Tungi-idol/articleshow/51275366.cms|title=Guinness Book to certify Mangi Tungi idol|work=The Times of India|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207235500/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/Guinness-Book-to-certify-Mangi-Tungi-idol/articleshow/51275366.cms|archive-date=7 February 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Trirashmi Caves ===<br /> [[File:036 Cave 10, Front (33928302236).jpg|thumb|Cave No.10 &quot;[[Nahapana]] Vihara&quot; at [[Pandavleni Caves]], (circa 120 CE).]]<br /> The [[Nashik Caves|Trirashmi (Pandavleni) Caves]], or Nashik Caves, are a group of 24 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 2nd century CE,&lt;ref name=&quot;mourya&quot;&gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History by Susan E. mouurya [https://books.google.com/books?id=MBuPx1rdGYIC&amp;pg=PA168 p.168]&lt;/ref&gt; representing the [[Hinayana]] [[Buddhist]] caves.<br /> <br /> === Dams ===<br /> * [[Gangapur Dam]] is on the river Godavari near Gangawadi village and is an earthen dam, Nashik.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/irrigation.htm|title=Official WebSite of Nashik District|access-date=27 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810122732/http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/irrigation.htm|archive-date=10 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Chankapur dam]] on the [[Girna river]] is one of the dams built by the British in the 19th century. It is {{cvt|3|km}} from the village [[Abhona]] in [[Kalwan]] tehsil and {{cvt|60|km}} from Nashik.<br /> * [[Kashypi Dam]] is on the Kashypi river near Rajapur, Nashik.<br /> * [[Girna Dam]] is an earth-fill dam on the Girna river near Nandgaon, Nashik District.<br /> * [[Darna Dam]] is a gravity dam on the Darna river near Igatpuri, Nashik district.<br /> <br /> === Kumbh Mela ===<br /> {{Main|Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha}}<br /> <br /> The [[Kumbh Mela]] is celebrated every six years at [[Haridwar]] and [[Prayagraj]] and Maha Kumbh takes place every twelve years at four places: [[Prayagraj]], [[Haridwar]], [[Ujjain]], and Nashik. According to the [[Puranas]], it is believed that Kumbh derives its name from an immortal pot of nectar, which the devatas (Gods) and rakshasas (Demons) fought over. The four places where the nectar fell are at the banks of the river [[Godavari]] in Nashik, river [[Shipra River]] in Ujjain, river [[Ganges]] in Haridwar and at the [[Triveni Sangam]] of Ganga, [[Yamuna]] and the invisible [[Saraswati River]] in [[Prayagraj]].&lt;ref name=Kumbh&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.kumbhamela.net/origin-of-kumbha-mela.html |title=History of Kumbh Mela – Origin of Kumbh Mela |publisher=Kumbhamela.net |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918193908/https://www.kumbhamela.net/origin-of-kumbha-mela.html |archive-date=18 September 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/kumbh.htm |title=Official WebSite of Nashik District |publisher=Nashik.nic.in |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406005718/http://www.nashik.nic.in/htmldocs/kumbh.htm |archive-date=6 April 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Gardens ===<br /> <br /> There are numerous gardens built and maintained by NMC throughout the city. Shivaji Garden on Main Road is one of the oldest. <br /> There were rose farms near Mumbai Naka. NMC Pushpotsav (Festival of Flowers) is celebrated every year in main building, Rajiv Gandhi Bhavan.<br /> <br /> === Library ===<br /> <br /> Sarvajanik Vachanalaya Nashik is one of the oldest libraries and reading rooms of India, established around 1840 by the British. Spread across several stories and over numerous rooms, the collection of 1,75,000 books includes books in English, Marathi, Hindi and Sanskrit.<br /> <br /> === Theatres ===<br /> <br /> Kalidas Kala Mandir and Parshuram Saykhedkar Natyagruha are drama theatres regularly visited by the public.<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> ===By Air===<br /> [[File:Ozar airport,nashik.JPG|thumb|Nashik airport]]<br /> Nashik has its airport located at [[Ozar, Nashik District|Ozar]] ,and an older airstrip at Gandhinagar. The Gandhinagar Airstrip is now reserved for the military. [[Nashik Airport]] is a domestic airport and connects Nashik to [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Goa]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport| Hyderabad]], [[Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport|Indore]], [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Daily Nashik-Bengaluru flight from Sept 10; industries cheer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/daily-nashik-bengaluru-flight-from-sept-10-industries-cheer/articleshow/111029408.cms |work=The Times of India |date=16 June 2024 |access-date=22 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jaipur International Airport|Jaipur]](via Indore).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/nashik/nashik-jaipur-direct-flight-service-launched-by-indigo-connecting-cities-in-under-three-hours-a519/|title=Nashik-Jaipur Direct Flight Service Launched by IndiGo, Connecting Cities in Under Three Hours|date=30 October 2024|publisher=Lokmat Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===By Rail===<br /> [[Nasik Road railway station]] is city railway station along with [[Deolali]] which lies within the city boundary. Regular travellers also travel to Kasara or Igatpuri from Mumbai and take a cab or bus to reach Nasik.<br /> <br /> ===By Road===<br /> Nashik is served by [[National Highway 60 (India)|National Highway 60]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The List of National Highways in the Country is as under |url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/Details-of-National-Highways-as-on-31.03_1.pdf |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=morth.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mumbai–Nashik Expressway|Mumbai-Nashik Expressway]] connects Nashik to Mumbai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://peakinfra.com/assetz/mnel/ |title=Mumbai Nashik Expressway Private Ltd (MNEL) &amp;#124; Peak Infrastructure |publisher=Peakinfra.com |date= |access-date=5 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> India's first 10-lane expressway will be built between Nashik and [[Pune]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}. The [[Surat]]-Nashik-[[Chennai]] expressway goes through Nashik city. The [[Samruddhi Mahamarg]] also goes {{cvt|15|km}} from Nashik city, through Sinnar.<br /> <br /> ===Public transport===<br /> * [[Nashik Municipal Corporation]] (NMC) rolled out its city bus service [[Citilinc-Nashik City Bus Service|Citilinc]] on 8 July 2021. The previous state government had given its nod to the NMC to take over the city bus service from the ailing Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date= 27 September 2020|first=Tushar|last=Pawar|title=NMC to gift its city bus service to citizens on Diwali |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/nmc-to-gift-its-city-bus-service-to-citizens-on-diwali/articleshow/78338950.cms|access-date=9 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Metro (Proposed) – [[Greater Nashik Metro]] is proposed by [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]. It was cancelled on opposition since there seemed no severe requirement with availability of wide road connectivity across city.<br /> * Trams (1889–1933) - Nashik was the third city in India after [[Kolkata]] and [[Mumbai]] to get trams. Trams started operating in 1889. It originated from the Old Municipal Corporation building located on Main Road and terminated at the [[Nasik Road railway station]] (8–10&amp;nbsp;km). It passes through areas of Ganjamal (the now defunct bus stop was earlier a tram stop) and behind the Fame Multiplex. Brady's, a private company funded the project and later introduced India's first petrol-engine-driven tram under the aegis of Nasik Tramway Co. The tramway closed down in around 1933 owing to successive years of famine and plague, owing to which it had run into heavy losses.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 8, page 332 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_338.gif |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;deshdoot.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pardeshi |first=Nikhil |date=5 February 2021 |title=1889-1933: Remembering the good old tram of Nashik |url=https://www.deshdoot.com/deshdoot-times/1889-1933-remembering-the-good-old-tram-of-nashik |access-date=22 April 2022 |work=Deshdoot}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * Auto Rickshaws - The city has a number of autorickshaws that work on sharing as well as direct fare basis.<br /> * Rideshare cabs - Rideshare companies such as Ola, Uber, Rapido among others operate bike taxis, taxicabs and auto-rickshaws in nashik.<br /> <br /> == Attractions ==<br /> Nashik offers a multitude of religious, historical, natural, and cultural attractions:<br /> <br /> * [[Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple|Trimbakeshwar Temple]] – One of the twelve [[Jyotirlinga]] shrines of Shiva, located in Trimbak near Nashik and an important pilgrimage site for Hindus.<br /> * Panchavati and Ramkund – A sacred area on the banks of the Godavari associated with the Ramayana; pilgrims bathe at Ramkund and visit nearby temples.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nashik – Department of Tourism Maharashtra |url=https://aai-portal.maharashtratourism.gov.in/districts/nashik/ |access-date=3 January 2026 |website=aai-portal.maharashtratourism.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Tapovan – A temple and sacred area in Panchavati with mythological associations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Panchvati Nashik: Sacred Haven for Spiritual Seekers |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/maharashtra/nashik/panchvati |access-date=3 January 2026 |website=Incredible India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Kalaram Temple – A historic temple dedicated to Lord Rama in Panchavati.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2018 |title=15 Famous Religious places in Nashik, Temples in Nashik {{!}} In my eye |url=https://inmyi.com/travel/15-famous-religious-places-in-nashik-temples-in-nashik |access-date=3 January 2026 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Nasik Caves|Pandavleni Caves]] – Ancient Buddhist rock-cut caves dating to between the 1st century BCE and 3rd century CE (these caves have nothing to do with Pandavas of Mahabharat).<br /> * [[Saptashrungi|Saptashringi Devi Temple]] – A temple located on a hill range, revered for its religious significance and scenic views.<br /> * [[Sula Vineyards]] – One of India’s leading wine producers, offering vineyard tours and tastings.<br /> * [[Anjaneri|Anjaneri Hills]] – Hill range associated with the birthplace of Lord Hanuman; popular for trekking and views.<br /> * Muktidham Temple – A marble temple complex featuring replicas of 12 Jyotirlinga shrines.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2018 |title=15 Famous Religious places in Nashik, Temples in Nashik {{!}} In my eye |url=https://inmyi.com/travel/15-famous-religious-places-in-nashik-temples-in-nashik |access-date=3 January 2026 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Someshwar Temple – One of the oldest Shiva temples located on the banks of the Godavari in Gangapur area.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2018 |title=15 Famous Religious places in Nashik, Temples in Nashik {{!}} In my eye |url=https://inmyi.com/travel/15-famous-religious-places-in-nashik-temples-in-nashik |access-date=3 January 2026 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Gangapur Dam – A scenic spot for picnics and nature walks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Panchvati Nashik: Sacred Haven for Spiritual Seekers |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/maharashtra/nashik/panchvati |access-date=3 January 2026 |website=Incredible India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> {{Main|Education in Nashik}}<br /> <br /> The city has two state-run universities: the [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] and the [[Maharashtra University of Health Sciences]].<br /> <br /> ==International relations==<br /> {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in India}}<br /> <br /> ;Twin towns and sister cities<br /> * {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] (2018)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Tourism|url=https://twitter.com/mtdc_official/status/997125758450520065|access-date=17 May 2018|quote=Budapest and Nashik to be sister cities as collaboration between Hungary and Maharashtra to have a roadmap ahead for mutual synergies!Shri Jaykumar Rawal, Hon Minister Tourism, Shri Vijay Gautam IAS PS, Shri Aashutosh Rathod JtMD, interacting with the Hungary delegation at Sahyadri|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729194320/https://twitter.com/mtdc_official/status/997125758450520065|archive-date=29 July 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Singkawang]], [[West Kalimantan]], [[Indonesia]]<br /> Tehsils of Nashik:<br /> <br /> * [[Malegaon]]<br /> * [[Dindori, Maharashtra|Dindori]]<br /> * [[Nandgaon, Maharashtra|Nandgaon]]<br /> * [[Igatpuri]]<br /> * [[Kalwan]]<br /> * [[Baglan taluka]]<br /> <br /> == Notable people ==<br /> {{Further information|Category: People from Nashik|label1=People from Nashik}}<br /> * [[Madhav Mantri]], cricketer{{Efn|Madhav Mantri played for [[India national cricket team|team India]], [[Maharashtra cricket team]] and [[Mumbai cricket team]].}}<br /> * [[Abhishek Raut]], cricketer<br /> * [[Anant Laxman Kanhere]], revolutionary, freedom fighter<br /> * [[Anjana Thamke]], athlete<br /> * [[Dadasaheb Phalke]], Film director, and editor regarded as the &quot;father of Indian cinema&quot;<br /> * [[D. V. Paluskar|Pandit Dattatreya Vishnu Paluskar]], Hindustani classical vocalist<br /> * [[Dadasaheb Gaikwad]] (Bhaurao Krishnaji Gaikwad), politician, social worker<br /> * [[Vaman Kardak|Vamandada Kardak]], Ambedkar movement activist, Marathi poet.<br /> * [[Baburao Bagul]], Marathi author<br /> * [[Kusumagraj]], Marathi poet, playwright and novelist<br /> * [[Shivaji Tupe]], painter<br /> * [[Krishnaji Gopal Karve]], Indian freedom fighter, revolutionary<br /> * [[Tatya Tope]], leader in the Indian Rebellion of 1857<br /> * [[Dhairya Dand]], inventor, artist, designer<br /> * [[Kavita Raut]], long-distance runner<br /> * [[Sunil Khandbahale]], innovator, entrepreneur, language enthusiast&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Young Achievers|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/Young-achievers/2013/11/11/article1879868.ece|access-date=5 January 2015|agency=Indian Express|date=11 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110001843/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/Young-achievers/2013/11/11/article1879868.ece|archive-date=10 January 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;youthicon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Youth Icon|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/msid-19026839,prtpage-1.cms|access-date=5 August 2013|newspaper=Maharashtra Times|date=16 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117103326/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/msid-19026839,prtpage-1.cms|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[D. R. Kaprekar|Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar]], recreational mathematician<br /> * [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] developed the [[Hindu nationalist]] political ideology of [[Hindutva]].<br /> * [[Nazima]], actress<br /> * [[Aishwarya Narkar]], actress in Marathi films, serials and plays, Hindi serials, commercials<br /> * [[Anita Date-Kelkar]], actress, known for Radhika in [[Mazhya Navryachi Bayko]] <br /> * [[Sayali Bhagat]], model/actress, Femina Miss India World 2004<br /> * [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]], Indian scholar, social reformer and author<br /> * [[Ramesh Raskar]], computer scientist<br /> * [[Dattu Baban Bhokanal]], rower<br /> * [[Chinmay Udgirkar]], actor<br /> * [[Vidit Gujrathi]], Indian chess grandmaster <br /> * [[Saiyami Kher]], actress<br /> * [[Anjali Patil]], actress<br /> * [[Shashank Khaitan]], film writer, director, actor and producer<br /> * [[Mrunal Dusanis]], actress<br /> * [[Lalita Pawar]], actress<br /> * [[Chhagan Bhujbal]], politician<br /> * [[Uttamrao Dhikale]], politician<br /> * [[Pradnya Gadre]], badminton player<br /> <br /> ==Notes== <br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Commons category|Nashik}}<br /> {{Wikivoyage}}{{Portal bar|India|Hinduism|History}}<br /> * [http://www.unravelnashik.com Unravel Nashik, The City of Abundance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422164135/https://www.unravelnashik.com/ |date=22 April 2020 }}<br /> *{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Nasik|volume=19|pages=247-248|short=x}}<br /> *[https://nashikcorporation.in/ Nashik Municipal Corporation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618164923/http://nashikcorporation.in/ |date=18 June 2020 }}<br /> <br /> {{Navboxes<br /> | list = <br /> {{Maharashtra}}<br /> {{Hindu holy cities}}<br /> {{Million-plus cities in India}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Nashik| ]]<br /> [[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]]<br /> [[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]<br /> [[Category:Places in Hindu mythology]]<br /> [[Category:Places in Hindu worship]]<br /> [[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Places situated on the banks of the Godavari river]]<br /> [[Category:Smart cities in India]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru%E2%80%93Vijayawada_Expressway&diff=476795 2026-03-20T20:41:03Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Under-construction expressway between Bengaluru and Guntur in India}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=March 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox road<br /> | country = IND<br /> | header_type = UC<br /> | name = Bengaluru–Vijayawada Expressway<br /> | map = <br /> | map_notes = <br /> | image =<br /> | length_km = 518<br /> | direction_a = West<br /> | direction_b = East<br /> | terminus_a = 1. [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH-44]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]]&lt;br&gt;2. [[Kodikonda]], [[Sri Sathya Sai district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | terminus_b = 1. [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH-16]], [[Guntur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]&lt;br&gt;2. [[Addanki]], [[Prakasam district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | junction = <br /> | formed = <br /> | established = 2026/27&lt;ref name=&quot;DH&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=PM Modi launches projects Rs 1 lakh crore in Haryana; lays foundation stone for several road works|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/pm-modi-inaugurates-lays-foundation-stone-for-114-nh-projects-worth-rs-1-lakh-crore-2931092|quote=The prime minister also laid the foundation stone for various NH projects across the country. These include 14 packages of Bengaluru - Kadappa - Guntur Expressway worth Rs 14,000 crore in Andhra Pradesh.|work=Deccan Herald|date=11 March 2024|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | history = <br /> | states = [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | towns = [[Bengaluru]], [[Chikkaballapur]], [[Kodikonda]], [[Gorantla, Sri Sathya Sai district|Gorantla]], [[Nallamada]], [[Kadiri]], [[Pulivendula]],[[Yerraguntla]], [[Kadapa]], [[Mydukur]], [[Mallepalle]], [[Vangapadu]], [[Addanki]], [[Podili]], [[kanigiri]],[[Guntur]], [[Mangalagiri]], [[Amaravati]] and NH16 in Guntur &lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Green signal to new Guntur-Bengaluru expressway|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-meerut-rrts-corridor-on-track-for-june-2025-completion/articleshow/97183830.cms|work=The Times of India|date=21 January 2023|access-date=18 February 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | maint = [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI)<br /> | districts = [[Karnataka]]: [[Bengaluru Urban district]], [[Bengaluru Rural district]], [[Chikkaballapura district]],&lt;br/&gt;[[Andhra Pradesh]]: [[Sri Sathya Sai district]], [[Kadapa district]], [[Nellore district]], [[Prakasam district]], [[Guntur district]], [[Krishna district]], [[NTR district]]&lt;ref name=&quot;TMRG&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Bangalore–Guntur Expressway – Information &amp; Status|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/nhai-bengaluru-vijayawada-expressway-route-map-status-update/|website=The Metro Rail Guy|access-date=14 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | alternate_name =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The [[Bengaluru]]–[[Vijayawada|Guntur]] [[controlled-access highway|Expressway]], classified as '''NH-544G''',&lt;ref name=&quot;TMRG&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;/&gt; is an under-construction {{cvt|518|km}}-long, six-lane [[Controlled-access highway|access-controlled expressway]] between the cities of [[Bengaluru]] and [[Guntur]], via [[Kadapa]]. It will pass through 11 districts –3 in [[List of districts of Karnataka|Karnataka]] and 8 in [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]. It will start from the existing [[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44]] (NH-44) at Kodikonda in [[Sri Sathya Sai district]] of Andhra Pradesh, which connects Bengaluru and beyond to the south, pass through the [[Rayalaseema]] region and end in [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]] (NH-16) at [[Addanki]] in [[Prakasam district]] of Andhra Pradesh, which connects Guntur and [[East India|eastern India]] to the north. By joining the existing national highways to link the two cities, the overall length of the expressway is about {{cvt|624|km}}. It will be operated and maintained by the [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI), and will reduce both travel time and distance by 12–13 hours to only 8–9 hours, and from {{convert|630|to|518|km|mi|abbr=on}}. It will be built at a cost of about {{INRConvert|14000|c}}, which was earlier slated at {{INRConvert|19320|c}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;HT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Thadhagath|first=Venkata Pathi|title=Bengaluru to Guntur in 5 hours on this proposed new highway. Details here|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/bengaluru-to-vijayawada-in-5-hours-on-this-proposed-new-highway-details-here-101664423041649.html|work=The Times of India|date=21 January 2023|access-date=18 February 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The expressway will have three sections of [[brownfield]] and [[Greenfield project|greenfield]] sections, of which the {{cvt|343|km}}-long main section from Kodikonda to Addanki will be greenfield, while the remaining two highway sections till Bengaluru and Guntur will be brownfield. Of the total {{cvt|624|km}}, it will be 36% brownfield and 64% greenfield. The project is a part of [[Bharatmala Pariyojana]] Phase-II. The preparatory works for the expressway's construction are ongoing since March 2023, after all 14 packages of the expressway were awarded to contractors in February 2023. The [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] for the expressway was laid by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 11 March 2024. It is expected to be completed by 2026/27.&lt;ref name=&quot;TMRG&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DH&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Due to rapidly increasing traffic, congestion, and demands in the existing [[List of national highways in India|national highways]] in [[South India|southern India]], the capital of [[Karnataka]], [[Bengaluru]], remains disconnected to [[East India|eastern]] and [[North-East India|north-east India]] because of the traffic constraints and limited capacities of the highways. To get access to eastern and north-eastern India, it currently takes about 12–13 hours to reach [[Vijayawada]] either through [[Chennai]] or [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]] (NH-16). This contributes to significant congestion, delays, pollution and risk of mishaps. Hence, in 2021, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] submitted a proposal to the [[Government of India]] to build a new expressway connecting Bengaluru and Vijayawada, and the plan was approved by the Government of India in August of the same year.&lt;ref name=&quot;NBMCW&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=AP plans 660 km Bengaluru-Vijayawada e-way project|url=https://www.nbmcw.com/news/roads-highways/ap-plans-660-km-bengaluru-vijayawada-e-way-project.html|work=NBM&amp;CW|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;/&gt; The expressway would cover a distance {{cvt|360|km}} of the total distance of {{cvt|570|km}}, through [[Anantapur]]. The remaining {{cvt|110|km}} would be covered by connecting with the existing national highways. It would be built at a cost of {{INRConvert|10000|c}}, and would reduce the travel time and distance between the two cities by at least {{cvt|75|km}} and 3 hours.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;/&gt; The initial plan was revised in September 2022 when the [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI) declared the expressway as National Highway 544G (NH-544G), and began to invite the tenders for its construction in December 2022, the month from which the land acquisition also began. The expressway will now be built at a cost of {{INRConvert|19320|c}} and will cover a total distance of {{cvt|624|km}}, of which {{cvt|518|km}} will be the main [[Greenfield project|greenfield]] section within [[Andhra Pradesh]], while the remaining [[brownfield]] portions will connect the two cities through the existing national highways.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Janyala|first=Sreenivas|title=New highway to cut Vijayawada-Bengaluru travel time by 5 hours: Here are the details|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/new-highway-to-cut-vijayawada-bengaluru-travel-time-by-5-hours-details-8181629/|work=The Indian Express|date=30 September 2022|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NHAI&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=C.S.|first=Yamini|title=NHAI floats tender for Vijayawada-Bengaluru expressway, travel in 6 hrs: Report|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/nhai-floats-tender-for-vijayawada-bengaluru-expressway-travel-in-6-hrs-report-101670037511145.html|work=The Hindustan Times|date=3 December 2022|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> All 14 packages of the construction were awarded by February 2023. Since March 2023, the preparatory works for the construction have been ongoing.&lt;ref name=&quot;TMRG&quot;/&gt; Therefore, the [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] of the expressway was laid by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 11 March 2024. The project's cost has been revised to {{INRConvert|14000|c}}, and is expected to be completed by 2026/27.&lt;ref name=&quot;DH&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Route==<br /> The expressway will start from Kodikonda in [[Sri Sathya Sai district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], from where it will be linked with [[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44]] (NH-44) to link [[Bengaluru]]. Then, it will pass through the [[Rayalaseema]] region and Podili, Kanigiri [[Prakasam district]] before ending in [[Muppavaram]], located in [[Prakasam district]] of Andhra Pradesh, from where it will be linked with [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]] (NH-16) to link [[Vijayawada]]. The expressway will pass through the following towns in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.<br /> <br /> ===Karnataka===<br /> * [[Bengaluru]]<br /> * [[Devanahalli]]<br /> * [[Chikkaballapur]]<br /> * [[Bagepalli]]<br /> <br /> ===Andhra Pradesh===<br /> * [[Gorantla, Sri Sathya Sai district|Gorantla]]<br /> * [[Kadiri]]<br /> * [[Nallamada]]<br /> * [[Pulivendula]]<br /> * [[Mydukur]]<br /> * [[Kanigiri]]<br /> * [[Podili]]<br /> * [[Marripudi, Prakasam|Marripudi]]<br /> * [[Muppavaram]]<br /> * [[Addanki]]<br /> * [[Chilakaluripet]]<br /> * [[Guntur]]<br /> * [[Mangalagiri]]<br /> * [[Vijayawada]]<br /> <br /> ==Construction==<br /> The [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI) has divided the expressway's construction into 14 packages, which include only the {{cvt|343|km}}-long greenfield section from Kodikonda to [[Addanki]]. The technical bids were invited by the NHAI for the construction September 2022, and floated the bids for the packages in December 2022. In January 2023, of the 13 bidders that participated for the first four packages, the packages were awarded to [[Dilip Buildcon]] and Raj Path Infracon, of which Dilip Buildcon won the tenders for the first and fourth packages and Raj Path Infracon won the tenders for the second and third packages. The last tender for the last package was awarded to Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures (MEIL) in February 2023. The expressway has been divided into two sections based on the region's topography–Greenfield, which includes the section from Kodikonda to Addanki, and [[Brownfield land|Brownfield]], which includes the existing [[List of national highways in India|national highway]] stetches till [[Bengaluru]] and [[Vijayawada]]. The lanes of the expressway will be {{cvt|3.75|m}} wide, and its sections will consist of a {{cvt|3|m}} paved or {{cvt|2|m}} unpaved shoulder with a {{cvt|19.5|m}} depressed median. It will be built using the Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM) of construction. As of March 2024, the preparatory works for the construction are ongoing, and the [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] for the construction has been laid by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]]. The full-scale work is yet to begin. The following table lists the packages, their chainages, contractors and statuses.&lt;ref name=&quot;TMRG&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NHAI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan23&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=13 Bidders for Bangalore-Vijayawada Expressway's Construction Work|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2023/01/04/13-bidders-for-bangalore-vijayawada-expressways-construction-work/|work=The Metro Rail Guy|date=1 January 2023|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DBL&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=DBL &amp; Raj Path Win Bangalore-Vijayawada Expressway's Contracts|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2023/01/28/dbl-raj-path-win-bangalore-vijayawada-expressways-contracts/|work=The Metro Rail Guy|date=28 January 2023|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Feb23&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Megha &amp; KNR Win Bangalore-Vijayawada Expressway's Contracts|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2023/02/28/megha-knr-win-bangalore-vijayawada-expressways-contracts/|work=The Metro Rail Guy|date=28 February 2023|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DH&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Packages<br /> !Chainages{{efn|Distances from the origin of the expressway, i.e., Kodur (Kodikonda).}}<br /> !Contractor<br /> !Status<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-1'''<br /> |Kodur (0.000&amp;nbsp;km) to Vanavolu (24.300&amp;nbsp;km), [[Sri Sathya Sai district]]<br /> |[[Dilip Buildcon]]<br /> |{{Partial|Under construction}}<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-2'''<br /> |Vanavolu (24.300&amp;nbsp;km) to Vankarakunta (45.700&amp;nbsp;km), Sri Sathya Sai district<br /> |Raj Path Infracon<br /> |{{Partial|Under construction}}<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-3'''<br /> |Vankarakunta (45.700&amp;nbsp;km) to Odulapalle (72.000&amp;nbsp;km), [[Kadapa district]]<br /> |Raj Path Infracon<br /> |{{Partial|Under construction}}<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-4'''<br /> |Odulapalle (72.000&amp;nbsp;km) to Nallacheruvupalli (96.300&amp;nbsp;km), Kadapa district<br /> |Dilip Buildcon<br /> |{{Partial|Under construction}}<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-5'''<br /> |Nallacheruvupalli (96.300&amp;nbsp;km) to Yerragudipadu (129.000&amp;nbsp;km), Kadapa district<br /> |Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures (MEIL)<br /> |Under construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-6'''<br /> |Yerragudipadu (129.000&amp;nbsp;km) to Audireddipalle (160.000&amp;nbsp;km), Kadapa district<br /> |Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures (MEIL)<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-7'''<br /> |Audireddipalle (160.000&amp;nbsp;km) to Mallepalle (176.000&amp;nbsp;km), Kadapa district<br /> |Dilip Buildcon<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-8'''<br /> |Mallepalle (176.000&amp;nbsp;km) to Kavulakuntla (196.000&amp;nbsp;km), Kadapa district <br /> |Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures (MEIL)<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-9'''<br /> |Kavulakuntla (196.000&amp;nbsp;km) to Narayanampet (203.500&amp;nbsp;km), [[Nellore district]] <br /> |Max Infra (I)–Bekem Infra Projects ([[Joint venture|JV]])<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-10'''<br /> |Narayanampet (203.500&amp;nbsp;km) to [[Chandrasekharapuram]] (228.000&amp;nbsp;km), [[Prakasam district]]<br /> |Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures (MEIL)<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-11'''<br /> |Chandrasekharapuram (228.000&amp;nbsp;km) to Polavaram (260.000&amp;nbsp;km), Prakasam district <br /> |Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures (MEIL)<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-12'''<br /> |Polavaram (260.000&amp;nbsp;km) to Marripudi (285.500&amp;nbsp;km), Prakasam district <br /> |Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures (MEIL)<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-13'''<br /> |Marripudi (285.500&amp;nbsp;km) to Somavarappadu (314.600&amp;nbsp;km), [[Prakasam district]] <br /> |KNR Constructions<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |'''Package-14'''<br /> |Somavarappadu (314.600&amp;nbsp;km) to Muppavaram (343.240&amp;nbsp;km), Prakasam district<br /> |Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures (MEIL)<br /> |Under Construction<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Benefits==<br /> The expressway will benefit not only [[South India|southern]] and [[East India|eastern India]], but also the entire country, as follows:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Bangalore Vijayawada Expressway – Info, Route Map, Status Update &amp; More|url=https://www.luxuryresidences.in/blog/bangalore-vijayawada-expressway|website=Luxury Residences|date=12 February 2024 |access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=PM inaugurates, lays foundation stone of 112 national highway projects|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/pm-inaugurates-lays-foundation-stone-of-112-national-highway-projects/article67939093.ece|quote=The major projects for which the foundation stone have been laid include 14 packages of Bengaluru-Kadapa-Vijayawada Expressway worth ₹14,000 crore in Andhra Pradesh.|work=The Hindu BusinessLine|date=11 March 2024|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *'''Trade:''' As the expressway will directly connect southern India with eastern India and beyond, it will result in a high increase in transportation of goods and people, thus resulting in growth in exports, reducing dependency on imports, as well as industrial activities and accelerating economic development.<br /> *'''Tourism:''' It will facilitate tourism by promoting it in [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Odisha]] and other parts of eastern India due to their location in the [[Eastern Ghats]], which are well known for its environment for potentials, thus resulting in the development of local economies.<br /> *'''Connectivity:''' The expressway will create a direct connection between eastern and southern India for the first time, resulting in faster, safer and better commute, by avoiding the existing congested route of [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]] (NH-16) via [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Chennai]], as well as reducing travel time and distance considerably, from around 13 hours to only 9 hours, and from approx. {{cvt|630|km}} to {{cvt|518|km}}.<br /> *'''Protection of the environment:''' To ensure the protection of green cover, trees and plants will be planted along and between the route of the expressway. There will be tunnel sections to pass through the Eastern Ghats sections of [[Cumbum, Andhra Pradesh|Cumbum]] and [[Nallamala Hills]] to safely avoid any impact on the environment.<br /> *'''Employment:''' Due to increase in industrial activities along the expressway's route, various agricultural and industrial initiatives will help the states' as well as the nation's economy and growth. The establishment of these numerous centres will result in multiple job possibilities for thousands of people living in both the states, and will result in immense socio-economic development.<br /> <br /> ==Timeline==<br /> *'''2021:''' The plan of the expressway was announced by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] to the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India)|Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]] (MoRTH).&lt;ref name=&quot;NBMCW&quot;/&gt;<br /> *'''August 2021:''' The plan of the expressway was approved by the [[Government of India]] and was included in the [[Bharatmala Pariyojana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;/&gt;<br /> *'''September 2022:''' The initial plan of the expressway was revised when the [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI) declared the expressway as National Highway 544G (NH-544G) and began to invite the technical bids for its construction.&lt;ref name=&quot;TMRG&quot;/&gt;<br /> *'''December 2022:''' The NHAI invited the bids for the main packages of the construction. Land acquisition also begins.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHAI&quot;/&gt;<br /> *'''January 2023:''' Out of 13 bidders, the first four packages of the expressway were awarded to [[Dilip Buildcon]] and Raj Path Infracon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan23&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DBL&quot;/&gt;<br /> *'''February 2023:''' The last package was awarded to Megha Engineering &amp; Infrastructures Limited (MEIL).&lt;ref name=&quot;Feb23&quot;/&gt; <br /> *'''March 2023:''' The preparatory works for the expressway's construction began.&lt;ref name=&quot;TMRG&quot;/&gt;<br /> *'''March 2024:''' The [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] for the expressway was laid by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 11 March. Construction has begun in some sections, and is expected to be completed by 2026/27.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=PM Modi Inaugurates, Lays Foundation Stone For 112 National Highway Projects|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-inaugurates-lays-foundation-stone-for-112-national-highway-projects-5217246work=NDTV|quote=Prime Minister Modi also laid the foundation stone for various National Highway projects across the country. Major projects for which the foundation stone was laid by the Prime Minister included 14 packages of Bengaluru - Kadappa - Vijayawada Expressway worth ₹ 14,000 crores in Andhra Pradesh.|date=11 March 2024|access-date=14 March 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of national highways in India]]<br /> * [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India)|Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]<br /> * [[Expressways of India]]<br /> * [[Bharatmala Pariyojana]]<br /> * [[Eastern Ghats]]<br /> * [[Transport in Karnataka]]<br /> * [[Transport in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> * [[Tourism in Karnataka]]<br /> * [[Tourism in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bengaluru-Vijayawada Expressway}}<br /> [[Category:Roads in Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Roads in Vijayawada]]<br /> [[Category:Expressways in India]]<br /> [[Category:National highways of India]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_locomotive_class_WAM-1&diff=450730 2026-03-20T15:17:14Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date = May 2020}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox locomotive<br /> | name = WAM-1<br /> | image = WAM1 20202 locomotive.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | powertype = Electric<br /> | builder = Kraus-Maffei, Krupp, SFAC, La Brugeoise &amp; Nivelle (50 cycles European group) <br /> | gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}<br /> | poweroutput = Maximum: {{convert|3010|hp|kW|abbr=on}}&lt;br&gt;Continuous: {{convert|2870|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | maxspeed = {{convert|112|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | tractiveeffort = Starting : {{convert|25000|kgf|kN lbf|abbr=on}}<br /> | builddate = 1959–1961<br /> | uicclass = B-B <br /> | bogies = Monomotor B-B bogies<br /> | wheeldiameter = New: {{convert|1140|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}&lt;br&gt;Half worn: {{convert|1120|mm|ftin|abbr=on|frac=2}}&lt;br&gt;Full worn: {{convert|1064|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | length = {{convert|14.600|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}}<br /> | height = {{convert|4.165|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}}<br /> | width = {{convert|3.109|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=32}}<br /> | axleload = {{convert|18640|kg|abbr=on}}<br /> | locoweight = {{convert|74000|kg|abbr=on}}<br /> | tractionmotors = Siemens/ACEC/Alstom MG 710A (740hp, 1250V, 480A, 1000 rpm, weight 2750kg). Fully suspended, force-ventilated.<br /> | locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]]<br /> | trainbrakes = vacuum train brakes.<br /> <br /> | operator = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | fleetnumbers = 20200-20299 <br /> | totalproduction = 100<br /> | aarwheels = B-B<br /> <br /> | electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|Overhead]] <br /> | collectionmethod = [[pantograph (rail)|pantograph]]<br /> | locale = All over [[India]]<br /> | preservedunits = 1 <br /> | disposition = Withdrawn from service and all except one scrapped<br /> | lastrundate = late 1990s <br /> | withdrawndate = 1999<br /> | scrapdate = early 1990s-2000s<br /> }}<br /> The Indian locomotive class '''WAM-1''' was a class of 25 [[Volt|kV]] [[Alternating current|AC]] [[electric locomotive]]s that was developed in the late 1950s by the ''Groupement 50 Hz'' (a consortium of European locomotive manufacturers) for [[Indian Railways]]. The model name stands for [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge (W)]], AC Current (A), Mixed traffic (M) locomotive, 1st generation (1). They entered service in 1960, thus making them the first AC electric [[Electric locomotive|locomotive]]s to be in service in India. A total of 100 WAM-1s were built by the European consortium between 1959 and 1961, which made them the most numerous class of mainline electric locomotive until the [[Indian locomotive class WAG-1|WAG-1.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://24coaches.com/electric-locomotive-roster-the-wap-series/|title = Electric Locomotive Roster: The WAP Series!|date = September 3, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|access-date=2019-06-19|title=[IRFCA] A Brief History of Railway Electrification in India|url=https://www.irfca.org/articles/electric-2.html|website=www.irfca.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The WAM-1 served both passenger and freight trains for over 40 years. This class, though initially not a great success, provided the basic design for the [[Indian locomotive class WAM-4|WAM-4]], which a number of other locomotives are based upon. However, with the advent of new 3-phase locomotives like the [[WAP-5]] and [[WAP-7]],{{Original research inline|date=January 2025}} the aging fleet of WAM-1 locomotives were relegated to freight and shunting duties, with all of them eventually being withdrawn from service. The single surviving unit named 'Jagjivan Ram' has been preserved at the [[Kolkata Rail Museum, Howrah|Kolkata Rail Museum]] in Howrah.<br /> <br /> == Locomotive shed ==<br /> * All locomotives of this class have been withdrawn from service and all except one being scrapped.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> *{{section link|Rail transport in India|History}}<br /> *[[Indian Railways]]<br /> *[[Locomotives of India]]<br /> *[[Rail transport in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Notelist-lr}}<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category|Indian locomotive class WAM1}}<br /> *[https://24coaches.com/ac-electric-locomotives-roster-the-wam-class]<br /> *[https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco2e.html#wam-1 &amp;#91;IRFCA&amp;#93; Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives—Specific classes : AC Electric]<br /> *[https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-specs.html#WAM-1 &amp;#91;IRFCA&amp;#93; Indian Railways FAQ: Diesel and Electric Locomotive Specifications]<br /> <br /> {{Broad gauge locomotives of India}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:WAM-1}}<br /> [[Category:25 kV AC locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:B-B locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:Electric locomotives of India]]<br /> [[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1959]]<br /> [[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:La Brugeoise et Nivelles locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:Krauss locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:Krupp locomotives]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suriya&diff=445550 2026-03-18T02:52:14Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actor and film producer (born 1975)}}<br /> {{pp|reason=Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{other uses}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Suriya<br /> | image = [[File:Retro audio launch - Suriya.jpg|280x280px]]<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Suriya in 2025<br /> | birth_name = Saravanan Sivakumar<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|7|23|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | other_names = Nadippin Nayagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-02-12 |title=Suriya — A Disruptor Superstar Who Can Do No Wrong|language=en-IN |website=[[NDTV BQ Prime|NDTV Profit]]|url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/opinion/suriya-a-disruptor-superstar-who-can-do-no-wrong}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[film producer]]}}<br /> | works = [[Suriya filmography|Full list]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai]]<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Jyothika]] | 2006}}<br /> | children = 2<br /> | relatives = [[List of South Indian film families#Sivakumar family|Sivakumar family]]<br /> | father = [[Sivakumar]]<br /> | years_active = 1997–present<br /> | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Suriya|Full list]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Saravanan Sivakumar''' (born 23 July 1975&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/suriya-birthday-vaaranam-aayiram-star-turns-41-today-1352910/ |title=Surya birthday: Vaaranam Aayiram star turns 41 today! |publisher=India.com |date=23 July 2016 |author=Davis, Maggie |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-date=1 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001083308/https://www.india.com/showbiz/suriya-birthday-vaaranam-aayiram-star-turns-41-today-1352910/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/suriya-meets-fans-after-two-years-gap-on-his-41st-birthday-tamil-news-163784.html|title=Surya's special birthday with fans|website=IndiaGlitz|date=23 July 2016|access-date=6 January 2017|archive-date=7 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107004336/http://m.indiaglitz.com/suriya-meets-fans-after-two-years-gap-on-his-41st-birthday-tamil-news-163784.html|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;), known professionally as '''Suriya''', is an Indian actor and film producer who primarily works in [[Tamil cinema]]. One of the highest-paid Tamil film actors,&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff20032&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=A career high film for Surya|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/11kaaka.htm|date=11 August 2003|publisher=Rediff|access-date=31 May 2012|archive-date=29 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529072959/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/11kaaka.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/surya-is-the-highest-paid-young-hero/articleshow/16367529.cms|title=Surya is the highest paid young hero|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519103308/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/surya-is-the-highest-paid-young-hero/articleshow/16367529.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya is considered as one of the finest actors of Indian cinema.&lt;ref name=&quot;ht&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriya-is-the-most-versatile-leading-man-in-indian-cinema-soorarai-pottru-jai-bhim-vikram-are-proof-101658583624669.html|title=Suriya is the most versatile leading man in Indian cinema today; Soorarai Pottru, Jai Bhim, and Vikram are proof|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=20 November 2023|date=23 July 2022|author=Abhimanyu Mathur}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ie&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Suriya and the 3 problematic films that established him as an exceptional actor and a potential heir to Sivaji Ganesan, Kamal Haasan|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-3-problematic-films-established-him-exceptional-actor-potential-heir-sivaji-ganesan-kamal-haasan-9469541/|date=23 July 2024|work=The Indian Express|access-date=21 September 2024|author=Anandu Suresh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya has received numerous [[List of awards and nominations received by Suriya|accolades]] including two [[National Film Awards]], seven [[Filmfare Awards South]] and ten [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]].&lt;ref name=&quot;National&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Film Awards: Suriya And Ajay Devgn Receive Their Best Actor Prizes|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/national-film-awards-suriya-and-ajay-devgn-receive-their-best-actor-prizes-3392590|website=[[NDTV]]|date=30 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Suriya|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1421814/awards|website=IMDb|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602061402/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1421814/awards|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has featured six times in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list.<br /> <br /> After making his debut in ''[[Nerukku Ner]]'' (1997) at the age of 22, Suriya landed his breakthrough role in ''[[Nandhaa]]'' (2001) and then had his first major commercial success with the thriller ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' (2003). Following award-winning performances of a [[conman]] in ''[[Pithamagan]]'' (2003) and a [[hunchback]] in ''[[Perazhagan]]'' (2004), he played a man suffering from [[anterograde amnesia]] in the 2005 blockbuster ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]''. He rose to stardom with dual roles of a father and son in [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s semi-autobiographical ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]'' (2008). His status as an action star was established with roles of a [[smuggler]] in ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]'' (2009), and an aggressive cop in the [[Singam (film series)|''Singam'' trilogy]]. He also found success with the [[science fiction film]]s ''[[7 Aum Arivu]]'' (2011) and ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]'' (2016) and then went on to work in critically acclaimed films like ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' (2020) and [[Jai Bhim (film)|''Jai Bhim'']] (2021), the former of which earned him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-07-22 |title=68th National Film Awards {{!}} Soorarai Pottru wins Best Film award |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/soorarai-pottru-dominates-68th-national-film-awards/article65671204.ece |access-date=2022-07-23 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Suriya is the elder son of actor [[Sivakumar]] and his younger brother [[Karthi]] is also an actor. In 2006, he married actress [[Jyothika]] whom he co-starred with in 7 films. He began [[Agaram Foundation]], which funds various philanthropic activities, later that year. The year 2012 marked his debut as a television presenter with the [[Star Vijay]] game show ''[[Neengalum Vellalam Oru Kodi]]'', the Tamil version of ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]''. In 2013, Suriya founded the production house [[2D Entertainment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jyothika with daughter Diya in Pandiraj's film?|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140601/entertainment-kollywood/article/jyothika-daughter-diya-pandiraj%E2%80%99s-film|date=2014-06-02|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28|archive-date=29 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129142558/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140601/entertainment-kollywood/article/jyothika-daughter-diya-pandiraj%e2%80%99s-film|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A large part of me is there in my characters: Jyotika {{sic|intv|nolink=y}} on 'Ponmagal Vandhal'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/large-part-me-there-my-characters-jyotika-intv-ponmagal-vandhal-125290|website=Thenewsminute.com|date=26 May 2020|access-date=2020-05-28|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129084919/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/large-part-me-there-my-characters-jyotika-intv-ponmagal-vandhal-125290|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Suriya was born as Saravanan on 23 July 1975 in Madras (now [[Chennai]]), [[Tamil Nadu]], to actor [[Sivakumar]] and his wife Lakshmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan V. |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=25 October 2016 |title=Art of the matter |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/Art-of-the-matter/article15747777.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810132052/https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/Art-of-the-matter/article15747777.ece |archive-date=10 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya has two younger siblings, a brother [[Karthi]], who is an actor and a sister [[Brindha Sivakumar|Brindha]], who is a playback singer. His mother tongue is [[Tamil language|Tamil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Warrior, Shobha |date=24 January 2007 |title=Surya's brother debuts |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/24karthi.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025045650/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/24karthi.htm |archive-date=25 October 2010 |access-date=22 August 2010 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=27 April 2018 |title=Another from Sivakumar family in tinsel town |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/270418/another-from-sivakumar-family-in-tinsel-town.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184528/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/270418/another-from-sivakumar-family-in-tinsel-town.html |archive-date=10 May 2018 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Suriya attended [[Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan]] School&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/25/stories/2006082518220200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629010412/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/25/stories/2006082518220200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2011 |title=Emulate Suriya's example of hard work, students told |date=25 August 2006 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=22 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[St. Bede's Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School]] in Chennai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/24/stories/2007112459270200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205201158/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/24/stories/2007112459270200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 December 2007 |title=Alumni invited to St. Bede's centenary celebrations |date=24 November 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; He later obtained his under graduate degree in [[Bachelor of Commerce|B.Com]] from [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]], Chennai.&lt;ref name=&quot;A chip off the old block&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2002 |title=A chip off the old block |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/24/stories/2002072400140200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022195220/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/24/stories/2002072400140200.htm |archive-date=2010-10-22 |access-date=26 December 2013 |website=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> === Early career (1997–2002) ===<br /> Prior to his career in films, Suriya worked at a garment exports factory for eight months.&lt;ref name=&quot;kalki&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |date=21 September 1997 |title=சூர்யா: From பனியன் கம்பெனி To சினிமா கம்பெனி |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1997-09-21/kalki1997-09-21.pdf |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=Ta |pages=14–16 |access-date=17 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; He did not reveal himself to his boss as Sivakumar's son, but his boss ultimately learnt the truth himself.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.upperstall.com/content/one-on-one-with-suriya |title=One-on-one with Suriya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116021707/http://www.upperstall.com/content/one-on-one-with-suriya |date=16 January 2013 |archive-date=16 January 2013|work=Upperstall.Com|access-date=8 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was initially offered the lead role by [[Vasanth]] in his film ''[[Aasai]]'' (1995), but he rejected the offer citing a lack of interest in an acting career and the offer went to [[Ajith Kumar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;A chip off the old block&quot; /&gt; He later debuted in Vasanth's 1997 film ''[[Nerrukku Ner]]'', produced by [[Mani Ratnam]] when he was 22 years of age.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 September 2022 |title=Suriya completes 25 years in cinema |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-completes-25-years-in-cinema/articleshow/94022230.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524134238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-completes-25-years-in-cinema/articleshow/94022230.cms |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[stage name]] &quot;Suriya&quot; was bestowed to him by Ratnam to avoid a clash of names with established actor [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]. The name &quot;Suriya&quot; was frequently used for characters in Ratnam's films.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-23 |title=Happy Birthday Suriya: Why Did Tamil Actor Change His Name? Check Out Interesting Facts About the National Award Winning Actor |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/why-did-suriya-sivakumar-change-his-name-interesting-facts-about-the-south-actor-5595451.html |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206092249/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/why-did-suriya-sivakumar-change-his-name-interesting-facts-about-the-south-actor-5595451.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], who co-starred with him in the film, would also go on to become a leading contemporary actor in [[Tamil cinema|Kollywood]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/97/Dec/kuttisp1.htm |title=1997–98 Kodambakkam babies Page |publisher=Indolink.com |access-date=3 December 2011 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201551/http://indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/97/Dec/kuttisp1.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This was followed by a series of roles in commercially unsuccessful films in the late 1990s. In 1998, he starred in the romantic film ''[[Kaadhale Nimmadhi]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=23 January 1998 |title=Film Reviews: Naam Iruvar Nammakku Iruvar/Kaathalae Nimmathi/Pon Manam/Marumalarchi |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980123/09/09230225.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991004085817/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980123/09/09230225.htm |archive-date=4 October 1999 |access-date=4 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=26}}&lt;/ref&gt; In July the same year, he had another release ''[[Sandhippoma]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 June 1998 |title=Charity premiere |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zW40AAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=3xQEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3526%2C3184468 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221180025/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zW40AAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=3xQEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3526%2C3184468 |archive-date=21 February 2025 |access-date=21 February 2025 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20001013003946/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Sandhippoma_162247.html --&gt; Subsequently, he acted with [[Vijayakanth]] in the film ''[[Perianna]]'' (1999), directed by [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; That year, he also appeared opposite [[Jyothika]] in ''[[Poovellam Kettuppar]]''. A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' noted, &quot;The-romantic part has little novelty, but Jyothika and Surya perform with bouncy exuberance.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 1999 |title=Film: POOVELLAM KETTUPAAR (Tamil) |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/A194789BC4D9414965256941003DC8A7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322152742/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/%28docid%29/A194789BC4D9414965256941003DC8A7 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |access-date=20 August 2011 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; His only release in 2000 was ''[[Uyirile Kalanthathu]]'', again opposite Jyothika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uyirile Kalanthathu |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/uyirile-kalanthathu-review-tamil-6007602.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628023523/http://www.sify.com/movies/uyirile-kalanthathu-review-tamil-6007602.html |archive-date=28 June 2013 |access-date=17 September 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya confessed that he struggled due to lack of confidence, memory power, fighting or dancing skills in his early career, but it was actor [[Raghuvaran]], one of his mentors, who advised him to create his own identity, rather than stay under his father's shadow.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Raghuvaran was Surya's mentor |url=http://chennaionline.com/movies/star-track/20133628113623/Raghuvaran-was-Suryas-mentor.col |publisher=chennaionline |access-date=31 January 2014 |date=28 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202160226/http://chennaionline.com/movies/star-track/20133628113623/Raghuvaran-was-Suryas-mentor.col |archive-date=2 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This series of failures was broken in 2001 when Suriya starred in two box office successes. He first starred in [[Siddique (director)|Siddique]]'s comedy film ''[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]'', also co-starring Vijay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Shilpa |title=Fun, friends and some misunderstandings |url=http://cinema.zeenext.com/reviews/2302reviewfriends.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010408174438/http://cinema.zeenext.com/reviews/2302reviewfriends.asp |archive-date=8 April 2001 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=[[Zee Next]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; His major break came with the action drama ''[[Nandhaa]]'', which was directed by [[Bala (director)|Bala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=2 September 2000 |title=Domino effect hits Tamil industry |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/02domino.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905034224/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/02domino.htm |archive-date=5 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Playing the role of an [[Convict|ex-convict]] who is very attached to his mother, he received the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]] for his performance, in addition to his first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://archives.chennaionline.com/interviews/surya.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20091230123324/http://archives.chennaionline.com/interviews/surya.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2009 |title=Actor Surya: Big break with &quot;Nandha&quot; |publisher=chennaionline.com |access-date=30 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; S. R. Ashok Kumar from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, &quot;Suriya as the young rustic man has reached a new milestone in acting.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=23 November 2001 |title=Nandhaa |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/23/stories/2001112300970200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011222202825/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/23/stories/2001112300970200.htm |archive-date=22 December 2001 |access-date=25 March 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya had three film releases in 2002: the romantic drama ''[[Unnai Ninaithu]]'' opposite [[Laila (actress)|Laila]] and [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]], the action drama ''[[Sri (2002 film)|Sri]]'' opposite [[Shrutika]] and [[Gayatri Jayaraman]], and the romantic drama ''[[Mounam Pesiyadhe]]'' opposite [[Trisha Krishnan|Trisha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=24 July 2002 |title=A chip off the old block |url=http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/24/stories/2002072400140200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021126154325/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/24/stories/2002072400140200.htm |archive-date=26 November 2002 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; His performance in ''Mounam Pesiyadhe'' received positive response and earned him his second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=27 December 2002 |title=Mounam Pesiyadhae |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/12/27/stories/2002122701430200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125063745/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/12/27/stories/2002122701430200.htm |archive-date=25 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Experimental roles and success (2003–2007) ===<br /> The year 2003 proved to be a turning point in Suriya's career when he starred in [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' opposite Jyothika, a film about the life of a police officer. The film received positive reviews and Guru Subramaniam from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' stated, &quot;Suriya as Anbu Selvan fits the role and this film is certainly a career high for him&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff20032&quot; /&gt; The film emerged as Suriya's first major blockbuster at the box office and earned him his third nomination for the Filmfare Best Actor – Tamil Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 August 2019 |title=Revisiting Kaakha Kaakha: 20 lesser-known facts about Suriya's breakthrough movie |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/Aug/19/revisitingkaakha-kaakha-20lesser-known-facts-about-suriyas-breakthrough-movie-486.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241128071143/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/Aug/19/revisitingkaakha-kaakha-20lesser-known-facts-about-suriyas-breakthrough-movie-486.html |archive-date=28 November 2024 |access-date=28 November 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |page=17 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/11south.htm --&gt; His portrayal of a happy-go-lucky village crook with a comic touch in [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s ''[[Pithamagan]]'', co-starring [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], won him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor&amp;nbsp;– Tamil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/9366.html |title=Pithamagan sweeps FilmFare Awards |website=IndiaGlitz |date=5 June 2004 |access-date=31 May 2012 |archive-date=2 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102112834/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/9366.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a box office success too.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=24 October 2003 |title=Variety fare for Deepavali |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/10/24/stories/2003102401490400.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=7 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031110180633/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/10/24/stories/2003102401490400.htm |archive-date=10 November 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This success was followed by his dual roles in ''[[Perazhagan]]'', as an aggressive boxer and a handicapped phone booth keeper.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S.R. |date=17 October 2005 |title=I am careful in choosing my roles: Surya |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/i-am-careful-in-choosing-my-roles-surya/article27493566.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118153457/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/i-am-careful-in-choosing-my-roles-surya/article27493566.ece |archive-date=18 November 2022 |access-date=2 December 2019 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film emerged as a commercial success at the box office,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/9463.html |title=Gilli heads the weekly Top Five followed by Perazhagan |website=IndiaGlitz |date=16 June 2004 |access-date=31 May 2012 |archive-date=18 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218145739/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/9463.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and won Suriya his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/15576.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050711011755/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/15576.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 July 2005 |title=Surya shines, Cheran sizzles |website=IndiaGlitz |date=9 July 2005 |access-date=31 May 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Praising his performance, Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;At no point are you allowed to feel that it is the same actor who is playing the physically challenged Chinna and the rough, ardently-in-love Karthik&amp;nbsp;— therein lies [''Perazhagan''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s] strength&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=14 May 2004 |title=Paerazhagan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/05/14/stories/2004051401630300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170115124433/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/05/14/stories/2004051401630300.htm |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=8 February 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same year, he portrayed the role of a student leader in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s political drama ''[[Aayutha Ezhuthu]]'' along with [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] and [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddarth]]. The film received high critical acclaim and was also commercially successful.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=G.|last=Ulaganathan|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=21 March 2025|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may232004/mr2.asp|date=23 May 2004|title=Ayutha Ezhuthu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226195824/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may232004/mr2.asp|archive-date=26 December 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[Maayavi]]'' opposite Jyothika was his first release of 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/maayavi/article28579895.ece|title=&quot;Maayavi&quot;|date=18 March 2005|work=The Hindu|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221181654/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/maayavi/article28579895.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya further consolidated his position with the psychological thriller, ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'' directed by [[AR Murugadoss|A. R. Murugadoss]]. He played the role of a businessman suffering from [[anterograde amnesia]] opposite [[Asin]]. ''Ghajini'' emerged as a blockbuster at the box office and was the third highest-grossing Tamil film of the year. Suriya's performance was unanimously praised, with a reviewer from [[Sify]] citing that &quot;the film is driven by Suriya's riveting performance&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil-box-office-2005-news-boxoffice-kkfvwTchhgesi.html |title=Tamil box-office 2005 |website=[[Sify]] |date=22 December 2005 |access-date=12 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709014912/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil-box-office-2005-news-boxoffice-kkfvwTchhgesi.html |archive-date=9 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was dubbed in Telugu under the same name and was again a box office success, earning him fame in [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2005/12/29/stories/2005122900510500.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118033303/http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2005/12/29/stories/2005122900510500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2015 |title=Metro Plus Chennai / Cinema : Telugu hits and misses |date=29 December 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya received his fifth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil for his performance in the film. The film established Suriya among the highest paid Tamil actors.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Asin and Surya are the highest paid!|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/suriya-asin-top-charts/articleshow/21553565.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226083757/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/suriya-asin-top-charts/articleshow/21553565.cms|url-status=live|archive-date=26 December 2008|work=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=21 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later that year, he worked in [[Hari (director)|Hari]]'s action film ''[[Aaru (film)|Aaru]]'', which was moderately successful at the box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-power-news-tamil-kkfvxcbgjgg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108004042/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-power-news-tamil-kkfvxcbgjgg.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2013 |title=Suriya power! |website=[[Sify]] |date=21 December 2005 |access-date=31 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A reviewer cited, &quot;Suriya keeps you riveted to the seats with another wholesome effort&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/7709.html |title=Aaru&amp;nbsp;– Surya is sincere |website=IndiaGlitz |date=9 December 2005 |access-date=31 May 2012 |archive-date=7 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907030728/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/7709.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> In 2006, Suriya appeared in a cameo role in ''[[June R]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=17 February 2006 |title=Going overboard with sentiment |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2006/02/17/stories/2006021700270200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726153317/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2006/02/17/stories/2006021700270200.htm |archive-date=26 July 2013 |access-date=16 February 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later that year, he starred opposite Jyothika and [[Bhumika Chawla]] in [[N. Krishna]]'s film ''[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]''. The film took a strong opening. It had an average response from critics,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/extraordinary-opening-news-tamil-kkfvipiaeij.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004114807/http://www.sify.com/movies/extraordinary-opening-news-tamil-kkfvipiaeij.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 October 2013 |title=Extraordinary opening! |website=[[Sify]] |date=7 September 2006 |access-date=31 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chennai-box-office-sep-22-24-news-boxoffice-kkfvichiebg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004120314/http://www.sify.com/movies/chennai-box-office-sep-22-24-news-boxoffice-kkfvichiebg.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 October 2013 |title=Chennai box-office |website=[[Sify]] |date=4 October 2006 |access-date=31 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; but his performance was praised, with a reviewer citing, &quot;Suriya pitches in with yet another fantastic performance, be it the responsible husband and father, or the cool dude at college&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sillunu-oru-kadhal-review-tamil-14285462.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921152810/http://www.sify.com/movies/sillunu-oru-kadhal-review-tamil-14285462.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2013 |title=Movie review: Sillunu Oru Kaadhal |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2007, his only release was director Hari's ''[[Vel (film)|Vel]]'', where he reunited with Asin, following ''Ghajini''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/vel/movieshow/61316227.cms | title=Vel | date=8 November 2007 | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=3 September 2019 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924174333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/vel/movieshow/61316227.cms | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film, which featured him in dual roles, was commercially successful.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/gautham-buys-back-va-from-gemini-news-tamil-kkfsLljgaeg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119150229/http://sify.com/movies/gautham-buys-back-va-from-gemini-news-tamil-kkfsLljgaeg.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 November 2010 |title=Gautham buys back VA from Gemini! |website=[[Sify]] |date=15 October 2007 |access-date=31 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Continued commercial success and stardom (2008–2013) ===<br /> [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s drama ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]'' was Suriya's only release of 2008 and was his second film with Menon post ''Kaakha Kaakha''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vastarts&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Kumar, Ashok |date=28 November 2006 |title=Hit duo gets together again |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/28/stories/2006112814280200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071101031914/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/28/stories/2006112814280200.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=1 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Playing dual roles for the third time in his career, Suriya appeared as father and son, with both characters demanding scenes shot throughout their lives ranging from scenes as a 16-year-old to scenes as a 65-year-old. During the production of the film, Suriya described the project as &quot;unique&quot; and &quot;straight from the heart&quot;, describing the physical hardships he endured during the making.&lt;ref name=&quot;rediffint&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Vilakudy, Rajneesh |date=14 November 2008 |title=Exclusive: Surya on Vaaranam Aayiram and Ghajini |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/14suriya-on-vaaranam-aayiram.htm |archive-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420011807/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/14suriya-on-vaaranam-aayiram.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He lost weight and prepared a [[Rectus abdominis muscle|six pack]] for the film through an eight-month fitness regime without steroids.&lt;ref name=&quot;sphindu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=12 May 2008 |title=Abs you like it! |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/05/12/stories/2008051250120300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629010727/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/05/12/stories/2008051250120300.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=29 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sptoi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Pillai, Sreedhar |date=4 May 2008 |title=Power packed |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/power-packed/articleshow/3007709.cms |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008030416/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Power-packed-/articleshow/3007709.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film featured him opposite [[Simran (actress)|Simran]], [[Sameera Reddy]] and [[Ramya (actress)|Divya Spandana]] and became commercially successful at the box office upon release. Pavithra Srinivasan labelled the film as his &quot;magnum opus&quot;, citing that he is &quot;perfect&quot; and that the film for him is a &quot;justified triumph&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;rediffva&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Srinivasan, Pavithra |date=14 November 2008 |title=It's Surya all the way |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=7 January 2011|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/14its-surya-all-the-way.htm |quote=It might be just a feather in Gautam's hat. As for Surya, it's an ostrich plume, a justified triumph. |archive-date=17 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517155523/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/14its-surya-all-the-way.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, critics cited his performance as &quot;outstanding&quot; and claimed that the film &quot;works because of his performance&quot;, whilst other reviewers claimed the film was an &quot;out and out Suriya show&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;sifyva&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 November 2008 |title=Review: Vaaranam Aayiram |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vaaranam-aayiram-review-tamil-14798041.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322015440/http://www.sify.com/movies/vaaranam-aayiram-review-tamil-14798041.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bwdva&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 November 2008 |title=Vaaranam Aaayiram Review |website=Behindwoods |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/vaaranam-aayiram-review.html |archive-date=9 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609100051/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/vaaranam-aayiram-review.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; His performance earned him his second [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor&amp;nbsp;– Tamil]], a [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]] and the [[Vijay Award for Best Actor]].&lt;ref name=&quot;awdva&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Ramanujam, Srinivasan |date=2 August 2009 |title=The glowing filmfare night! |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/The-glowing-filmfare-night/articleshow/4845798.cms |archive-date=6 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806182522/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ENTERTAINMENT/Regional/News-Interviews/The-glowing-filmfare-night/articleshow/4845798.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/gautham-menon-bags-national-award-%E2%80%98varanam-aayiram%E2%80%99-311 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827110448/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/gautham-menon-bags-national-award-%E2%80%98varanam-aayiram%E2%80%99-311 |archive-date=27 August 2010 |title=Gautham Menon bags National Award for 'Varanam Aayiram' |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=24 January 2010 |access-date=26 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=26 July 2022 |title=Star, hero, villain and everything in between: A walk through actor Suriya's career |author=Saradha U |access-date=28 September 2022 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/star-hero-villain-and-everything-between-walk-through-actor-suriya-s-career-166215 |work=The News Minute}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2009, Suriya's first release was [[K. V. Anand]]'s action-thriller ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]'', where he played a smuggler opposite [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]. The film was shot extensively across [[Tanzania]], [[Namibia]], [[Malaysia]] and [[India]] and featured acrobatic stunts by Suriya, without the use of a stunt double.&lt;ref name=&quot;ayanstunt&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=The logic of it all |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/The-logic-of-it-all/articleshow/4318597.cms |archive-date=31 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331110444/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/The-logic-of-it-all/articleshow/4318597.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Upon release, it received positive reviews, with critics citing the film as a &quot;must watch&quot; and Suriya's performance was yet again acclaimed and he found himself nominated for leading awards and won the [[Vijay Award for Entertainer of the Year]], in addition to his seventh nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.&lt;ref name=&quot;rediffayan&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Srinivasan, Pavithra |date=3 April 2009 |title=ayan is a must-watch! |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/apr/03/review-ayan.htm |archive-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715165100/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/apr/03/review-ayan.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's success saw him emerge as the most profitable leading actor in Tamil films, following a hattrick of large commercial hits, with film journals suggesting that his success was due to &quot;experiments within the commercial format&quot; and he was successful in &quot;avoiding being typecast&quot;. ''Ayan'' was the [[Tamil cinema#Highest-grossing Tamil films by year|highest-grossing Tamil film of 2009]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Director KV Anand dies at 54 in Chennai|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/director-kv-anand-dies-at-54-in-chennai-1796482-2021-04-30|date=30 April 2021|website=[[India Today]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;leading&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Pillai, Sreedhar |date=14 April 2009 |title=Unstoppable Surya |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Unstoppable-Surya/articleshow/4395543.cms |archive-date=23 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823074506/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Unstoppable-Surya/articleshow/4395543.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; His next film, [[K. S. Ravikumar]]'s action entertainer ''[[Aadhavan]]'' also achieved commercial success, while Suriya's depiction of a hitman was praised. A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' labelled it as an &quot;out and out Suriya show&quot;, stating that &quot;the film rides on the magic of the actor, and his zany shenanigans alone makes it worth a watch&quot; and Rediff.com cited that &quot;he sings, dances, and fights with absolute sincerity, but when he looks at you with tears in his eyes in an emotional scene tailor-made for him, the applause hits the roof&quot;, concluding that it is &quot;completely his film&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/oct/17/aadhavan-is-clean-fun.htm |title=Aadhavan is clean fun |publisher=Rediff |date=17 October 2009 |access-date=2 August 2012 |archive-date=31 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331074247/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/oct/17/aadhavan-is-clean-fun.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadhavan-review-tamil-14915467.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615160810/http://www.sify.com/movies/aadhavan-review-tamil-14915467.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 June 2013 |title=Movie Review:Aadhavan |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=2 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Suriya's first release of 2010 was his 25th film, ''[[Singam]]'' directed by [[Hari (director)|Hari]], in which he played the role of a police officer opposite [[Anushka Shetty]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14884561 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503215824/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14884561 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 May 2009 |title=Singam- Suriya's 25th film!|website=[[Sify]] |date=30 April 2009 |access-date=27 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film received positive reviews with ''[[The Hindu]]'' reviewer noting, &quot;Suriya shows that be it a performance-oriented role or a formulaic concoction he can deliver&quot;, while ''[[Sify]]'' stated, &quot;Ultimately it is Suriya who carries the film to the winning post. His passion and the way he brings an ordinary regular larger-than-life hero character alive on screen is lesson for other commercial heroes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/singam-review-review-tamil-14943277.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708235804/http://www.sify.com/movies/singam-review-review-tamil-14943277.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 July 2013 |title=Movie Review:Singam- Review |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=2 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Malathi |last=Rangarajan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article445700.ece |title=Arts / Cinema : Singam: This lion emerges king |work=The Hindu |date=3 June 2010 |access-date=2 August 2012 |archive-date=19 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219104622/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article445700.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Indian cricketer [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] stated that he became &quot;a great fan of Suriya&quot; after watching ''Singam''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/ms-dhoni-the-untold-story-dhoni-surya-rajinikanth-favourite-actor-341944-2016-09-19|title=Suriya is my favourite actor after Rajnikanth :MS Dhoni|work=India Today|date=19 September 2016 |access-date=16 April 2022|archive-date=16 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416133010/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/ms-dhoni-the-untold-story-dhoni-surya-rajinikanth-favourite-actor-341944-2016-09-19|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film won Suriya his second Vijay Award for Best Entertainer, in addition to his eighth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil, and subsequently went on to become the second highest-grossing film of the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Sify-Top-10-Kollywood-Hits-of-2010-imagegallery-kollywood-km4s6peahae.html?html=5 |title=SifyTop 10 Kollywood Hits of 2010 |website=[[Sify]] |date=23 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103024630/http://www.sify.com/movies/Sify-Top-10-Kollywood-Hits-of-2010-imagegallery-kollywood-km4s6peahae.html?html=5 |archive-date=3 January 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=26 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya expanded to Telugu and Hindi films with [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s political drama ''[[Rakta Charitra 2|Rakta Charitra]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article260254.ece Surya's busy making his Bollywood debut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818121326/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article260254.ece |date=18 August 2016 }}. ''The New Indian Express''. Retrieved 12 August 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released in Tamil as ''Ratha Sarithiram'', which was partly dubbed and partly reshot.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ratha Sarithiram|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/dec/07/ratha-sarithiram-208774.html|access-date=2021-11-25|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 May 2012 |archive-date=21 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221110322/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/dec/07/ratha-sarithiram-208774.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Rajeev Masand]] noted, &quot;The film belongs to Suriya, and is watchable only for the sheer presence of the Southern star, and for the intensity he brings to his part.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title='Rakht Charitra II' lacks drama |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-rakht-charitra-2-lacks-real-sense-of-drama/136445-47-77.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206112304/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-rakht-charitra-2-lacks-real-sense-of-drama/136445-47-77.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 December 2010 |publisher=IBN |access-date=20 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya then appeared alongside [[R. Madhavan]] and [[Trisha]] in a song in ''[[Manmadhan Ambu]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2011 |title=Manmadhan Ambu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/manmadhan-ambu/ |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922141008/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/manmadhan-ambu/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> [[File:Suriya at Rakta Charitra Working Stills.jpg|thumb|Suriya at the sets of ''[[Rakta Charitra]]'' with director [[Ram Gopal Varma]]]]<br /> <br /> Following two special appearance in 2011: In [[K. V. Anand]]'s ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]'' and [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s ''[[Avan Ivan]]'', Suriya featured in [[AR Murugadoss]]'s science fiction action thriller ''[[7 Aum Arivu]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2010 |title=Suriya joins the circus! |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/aug/30/slide-show-1-south-tamil-snippets.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117004522/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/aug/30/slide-show-1-south-tamil-snippets.htm |archive-date=17 January 2012 |access-date=10 September 2011 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; He played dual roles opposite [[Shruti Haasan]], as a circus artist and as the Buddhist monk named [[Bodhidharma]], who lived in the 6th century. His performance earned him his ninth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 June 2020 |title='Ayan' to 'Kaappaan': Six times when Suriya predicted the future with his films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ayan-to-kaappaan-six-times-when-suriya-predicted-the-future-with-his-films/photostory/76197021.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610224255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ayan-to-kaappaan-six-times-when-suriya-predicted-the-future-with-his-films/photostory/76197021.cms |archive-date=10 June 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |access-date=26 March 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film met with mixed reviews, but was a commercial success and became his first film to gross above {{INR}}1 billion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/regional/7-aum-arivu-spells-magic-at-box-office-suriya-excited-148030 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124012305/http://www.ndtv.com/article/regional/7-aum-arivu-spells-magic-at-box-office-suriya-excited-148030 |archive-date=24 November 2011 |title=7 Aum Arivu spells magic at box office, Suriya excited |publisher=Ndtv.com |date=8 November 2011 |access-date=26 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/top-10-tamil-grossers-of-2011-news-tamil-lm3mOLjjccd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108065644/http://www.sify.com/movies/top-10-tamil-grossers-of-2011-news-tamil-lm3mOLjjccd.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2012 |title=Top 10 Tamil grossers of 2011 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; N. Venkateswaran noted, &quot;If the movie deserves a look, it is only because of the ever-dependable Suriya. He is a treat to watch as Bodhidharma.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Venkateswaran |first=N |date=30 October 2011 |title=7 Aum Arivu Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/7-Aum-Arivu/movie-review/10542111.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214139/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/7-Aum-Arivu/movie-review/10542111.cms |archive-date=8 June 2015 |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> His only 2012 release was [[K. V. Anand]]-directed action thriller ''[[Maattrraan]]''. He played the role of [[conjoined twins]], Vimalan and Akhilan opposite [[Kajal Aggarwal]]. The film received mixed reviews, and ended up being an average grosser.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=10 March 2014 |title=Maattrraan (Maatran) Movie Review – 7aum Arivu's second part? |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/reviews/2012/maattrraan-movie-review-100288.html |publisher=Oneindia |access-date=21 October 2012 |archive-date=26 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026132130/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/reviews/2012/maattrraan-movie-review-100288.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics however praised the film's technical aspects and [[Visual effects|VFX]], in addition to Suriya's performance, which earned him his tenth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kajal breaks the jinx! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kajal-breaks-the-jinx-news-tamil-mltjHKfcbcgsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812030630/http://www.sify.com/movies/kajal-breaks-the-jinx-news-tamil-mltjHKfcbcgsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 August 2015 |work=Sify |date=19 November 2012 |access-date=12 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya himself dubbed for one of his characters in the Telugu dubbed version while his brother [[Karthi]] dubbed for his other character.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/brothers-dubbing.html|title=Brothers dubs for Brothers|date=12 October 2012|work=Idlebrain|access-date=18 November 2021|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118025520/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/brothers-dubbing.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; J Hurtado of ''[[Twitch Film]]'' said, &quot;Suriya is called upon to carry the entire weight of the film on his shoulders as he is surrounded by a very one-dimensional supporting cast.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=The Orphanage |url=http://twitchfilm.com/2012/10/review-maatraan.html |title=Review: MAATRAAN Is One Crazy Conjoined Mash-Up Of A Movie &amp;#124; Twitch |publisher=Twitchfilm.com |date=13 October 2012 |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307015728/http://twitchfilm.com/2012/10/review-maatraan.html |archive-date=7 March 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a box office average.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Maattraan turns 50&amp;nbsp;– Nov 30-4|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Maattraan-turns-50/articleshow/17426132.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=30 November 2012|archive-date=8 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508064206/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Maattraan-turns-50/articleshow/17426132.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2012, Suriya was named as the official host of the new game show to be presented on [[STAR Vijay]], ''[[Neengalum Vellalam Oru Kodi]]'', the Tamil version of ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]''. It began airing on 27 February 2012 and ended on 12 July.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=22 December 2012 |title=Suriya to host Tamil version of kaun banega crorepati |website=[[Sify Movies]] |access-date=23 December 2012 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-to-host-kaun-banega-crorepati-tamil-news-tamil-lmvngShbafb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107231601/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-to-host-kaun-banega-crorepati-tamil-news-tamil-lmvngShbafb.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next film was ''[[Singam II]]'' opposite Anushka Shetty and [[Hansika Motwani]], a sequel to his 2010 film ''Singam''. The film released on 5 July 2013 to mixed reviews from critics. However, the film received a huge opening and emerged one of the [[List of highest-grossing Tamil films|highest grossing Tamil films of all time]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-vikrams-i-rajinis-lingaa-vijays-kaththi-among-top-10-south-films-all-time-620966 |title=Box Office: Vikram's 'I' and Rajini's 'Lingaa' Among Top 10 South Films of All Time |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=20 January 2015 |access-date=28 March 2015 |archive-date=5 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305123628/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-vikrams-i-rajinis-lingaa-vijays-kaththi-among-top-10-south-films-all-time-620966 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya was once again acclaimed for his portrayal of Durai Singam and his performance was hailed as &quot;the film's backbone&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Singam-2-completes-50-days/articleshow/21998057.cms |title=Singam 2 completes 50 days |work=The Times of India |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-date=6 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106183439/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Singam-2-completes-50-days/articleshow/21998057.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Singam II'' was a box office hit and became his second ₹1 billion grosser.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title=Singam 2 grossed more than 100 cr from the Worldwide Box Office| website=[[International Business Times]]| date=12 October 2013| url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/suriya039s-039singam-2039-successfully-completes-100-days-513321| access-date=16 April 2022| archive-date=16 April 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416133813/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/suriya039s-039singam-2039-successfully-completes-100-days-513321| url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya received his eleventh nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil for his performance in the film. Suriya distributed the film through his production company [[2D Entertainment]], founded in 2013. He had signed on to feature in [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s film ''Dhruva Natchathiram'' and reportedly waited for six months to start filming. However, in October 2013, he backed out due to differences with the director and the project lagging too much.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Suriya-dumps-Gautham-Menon/articleshow/23952596.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014155247/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-11/news-interviews/42939797_1_gautham-menon-lingusamy-next-film |url-status=live |archive-date=14 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Suriya dumps Gautham Menon |date=11 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a 2013 interview with the ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'', film producer [[G. Dhananjayan]] called Suriya as the &quot;biggest star&quot; in contemporary Tamil cinema and claimed it was mainly because his popularity extended to Telugu and Malayalam speaking audiences as well.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Rajinis-Enthiran-is-still-the-top-grosser-in-South/articleshow/25599919.cms |title=Rajini's Enthiran is still the top grosser in South |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=11 November 2013 |access-date=12 November 2013 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307215402/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/Rajinis-Enthiran-is-still-the-top-grosser-in-South/articleshow/25599919.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-jyotika-beach-vacation-in-kerala-7674067/|title=Suriya and Jyotika chat with locals as they enjoy beach vacation in Kerala|date=2021|work=Indian Express|access-date=29 January 2022|archive-date=29 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129033247/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-jyotika-beach-vacation-in-kerala-7674067/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Career struggles and sporadic success (2014–2019) ===<br /> Suriya's only release in 2014 was ''[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]'' opposite [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]], directed by [[N. Lingusamy]]. It was released to mixed reviews, and was an average grosser at the box office.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.moviecrow.com/News/5314/anjaan-review---suriya-misses-target Anjaan FDFS Review – Suriya misses target] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816220258/http://www.moviecrow.com/News/5314/anjaan-review---suriya-misses-target |date=16 August 2014 }}. moviecrow.com. 15 August 2014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-08-17 |title=Suriya's 'Anjaan' collection: Rs 15.03 cr in two days, opens good at overseas too |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/suriya-anjaan-collects-rs-15-cr-in-two-days-16401.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819190240/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/suriya-anjaan-collects-rs-15-cr-in-two-days-16401.html |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[India TV News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A reviewer of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote, &quot;Suriya gives an earnest performance. But he's let down by a weak script, terrible performances by the rest of the cast and lengthy narrative.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 August 2014 |title='Anjaan' fails to impress (Tamil Movie Review) |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/anjaan-fails-to-impress-tamil-movie-review-114081500721_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818081510/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/anjaan-fails-to-impress-tamil-movie-review-114081500721_1.html |archive-date=18 August 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014 |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also co-sang &quot;[[Anjaan (soundtrack)|Ek Do Theen Char]]&quot; with [[Andrea Jeremiah]] for the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=24 July 2014|title=Anjaan - An album lives up to the expectation &amp; reputation|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/18350.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119110209/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/18350.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 January 2014|website=IndiaGlitz|accessdate=3 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, Suriya released ''[[36 Vayadhinile]]'' starring Jyothika, the first production from his company [[2D Entertainment]]. His next release was [[Venkat Prabhu]]'s film ''[[Massu Engira Masilamani]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Suriya-Lingusamy-film-from-Nov-15/articleshow/23628648.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010081215/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-07/news-interviews/42793546_1_lingusamy-suriya-film |url-status=live |archive-date=10 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Suriya-Lingusamy film from Nov 15 |date=12 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; opposite Nayanthara and [[Pranitha Subhash]]. Critics were all in praise for Suriya's performance, but the film received mixed reviews. Despite this, it emerged as a commercial success.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Half-yearly report card |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/halfyearly-report-card/article7361515.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 June 2015 |access-date=27 January 2016 |issn=0971-751X |language=en-IN |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529021222/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/halfyearly-report-card/article7361515.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same year, he produced ''[[Pasanga 2]]'' (2015), directed by [[Pandiraj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/actor-suriya-to-produce-childrens-film/article6173573.ece|title=Actor Suriya to produce children's film|last=Ians|newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> In 2016, Suriya appeared in the science-fiction action drama ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]'' directed by [[Vikram Kumar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;indianexpress1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriyas-24-to-release-on-may-6-2756020/ |title=Suriya's 24 to release on May 6 |date=16 April 2016 |website=The Indian Express |access-date=17 April 2016 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614194449/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriyas-24-to-release-on-may-6-2756020/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;24suriya&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150213/entertainment-tollywood/article/samantha-and-suriya-team |title=Suriya and Samantha to team up |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=13 February 2015 |access-date=13 February 2015 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213213404/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150213/entertainment-tollywood/article/samantha-and-suriya-team |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Based on the concept of [[Time travel in fiction|time-travel]],&lt;ref name=&quot;filmibeat1&quot;&gt;Gopinath, Avinash. (26 November 2015) [http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2015/24-suriya-to-take-on-his-own-family-in-this-time-travel-revenge-drama-206483.html '24': Suriya To Take On His Own Family in This Time Travel Revenge Drama?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224173446/https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2015/24-suriya-to-take-on-his-own-family-in-this-time-travel-revenge-drama-206483.html |date=24 February 2018 }}. Filmibeat. Retrieved 23 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; he played triple roles of a scientist, his evil brother and the scientist's watch mechanic son opposite Samantha Ruth Prabhu and [[Nithya Menen]] in leading roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/24-review-an-intelligent-joyous-mix-of-scifi-and-masalamyth/article8566328.ece |title=24: An intelligent, joyous mix of sci-fi and masala-myth |date=6 May 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305091350/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/24-An-intelligent-joyous-mix-of-sci-fi-and-masala-myth/article14304616.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/24/movie-review/52140798.cms |title=24 Movie Review, Trailer, &amp; Show timings at Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509124439/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/24/movie-review/52140798.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sreedhar Pillai of ''[[Firstpost]]'' noted, &quot;Suriya is fantastic, and does the difficult triple role of playing a scientist, lover boy and above all, the deadly villain with élan and style.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/24-review-watch-this-racy-thriller-especially-for-suriyas-performances-2769838.html |title='24' review: Watch this racy thriller especially for Suriya's performance(s) – Firstpost |date=7 May 2016 |website=Firstpost |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509204625/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/24-review-watch-this-racy-thriller-especially-for-suriyas-performances-2769838.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' stated, &quot;Suriya plays each role with relish. Of particular mention is his essaying of Athreya the antagonist. The actor showcasing a new dimension to his performance here, yet again surprises you with his splendid take on it.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/24-Review-A-Refreshing-Watch/2016/05/08/article3419412.ece |title=24 Review: A Refreshing Watch |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509104020/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/24-Review-A-Refreshing-Watch/2016/05/08/article3419412.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; For his performance, Suriya won the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Tamil]], in addition to his twelfth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil. The film also grossed above ₹1 billion at the box office worldwide and was a commercial success.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-25 |title=Suriya's 24 makes a cut in IMDb's top 10 Indian movies of 2016 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-24-makes-a-cut-in-imdbs-top-10-indian-movies-of-2016-list-producers-are-happy-4444526/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2016/05/08/tamil-star-suriya-makes-a-winning-triple-play-in-time-travel-thriller-24/#5cac1d966a49 |title=Tamil Star Suriya Makes A Winning Triple Play in Time Travel Thriller '24' |magazine=[[Forbes]] |date=9 May 2016 |access-date=23 August 2017 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129200125/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2016/05/08/tamil-star-suriya-makes-a-winning-triple-play-in-time-travel-thriller-24/#5cac1d966a49 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> His first film of 2017, ''[[Si3 (film)|Si3]]'', the third film of the ''[[Singam (film series)|Singam franchise]]'', saw him reprise his role opposite Anushka Shetty and Shruti Haasan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/singam-3-movie-review-si-3-suriya-shruti-haasan-anoop-singh-star-rating-4514702/ |title=Singam 3 movie review: Si3 is Suriya's show all the way |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2017-03-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315145415/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/singam-3-movie-review-si-3-suriya-shruti-haasan-anoop-singh-star-rating-4514702/ |archive-date=15 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; A box office success, it emerged another {{INR}}1 billion grosser.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inuth.com/entertainment/tamil-movies/suriya-singam-3-ends-opening-first-week-in-style-emerges-top-tamil-grosser-of-2017/|title=Suriya's Singam 3 ends opening first week in style, emerges top Tamil grosser of 2017|date=19 February 2017|website=inuth.com|publisher=[[The Indian Express|The Indian Express Group]]|access-date=12 June 2023|archive-date=12 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612082725/https://www.inuth.com/entertainment/tamil-movies/suriya-singam-3-ends-opening-first-week-in-style-emerges-top-tamil-grosser-of-2017/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; His only release in 2018 was ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]'' directed by [[Vignesh Shivan]]. The Telugu dubbed version received praise for Suriya's dubbing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vignesh-shivan-and-suriya-present-a-refreshing-adaptation-of-special-26/article22429803.ece|title=This is a fun 'Gang'|work=The Hindu|last=Devi Dundoo|first=Sangeetha|date=12 January 2018|access-date=18 November 2021|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118030049/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vignesh-shivan-and-suriya-present-a-refreshing-adaptation-of-special-26/article22429803.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He played a fake CBI officer opposite [[Keerthy Suresh]], in this box office success.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=25 January 2018 |title=Thaana Serntha Kootam, racing towards the Rs 100 crore club |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-thaana-serntha-kootam-all-set-join-rs-100-cr-club-75361 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604035718/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-thaana-serntha-kootam-all-set-join-rs-100-cr-club-75361 |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=4 June 2019 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same year, he produced ''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]'', starring his brother [[Karthi]], and co-sang &quot;Cha Cha Charey&quot; with [[Karthi]], [[Kharesma Ravichandran]], [[Venkat Prabhu]] and [[Premgi Amaren]] for the movie ''[[Party (upcoming film)|Party]]''. He had two releases in 2019: [[Selvaraghavan]]'s ''[[NGK (film)|NGK]]'' opposite [[Sai Pallavi]] and [[Rakul Preet Singh]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Karthik |date=31 May 2019 |title=NGK movie review: This Suriya starrer is an uneven political thriller |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ngk-movie-review-this-suriya-starrer-is-an-uneven-political-thriller/story-hCmuL3925eyRRHAWb2HkJK.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606193128/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ngk-movie-review-this-suriya-starrer-is-an-uneven-political-thriller/story-hCmuL3925eyRRHAWb2HkJK.html |archive-date=6 June 2021 |access-date=6 June 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[K. V. Anand]]'s ''[[Kaappaan]]'' opposite [[Sayyeshaa]], which marked the third time he collaborated with the director. Both films received mixed reviews from critics, but the latter emerged a commercial success.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/2019/oct/11/suriya-and-team-celebrate-as-kaappaan-enters-the-100-crore-club-14824.html|title=Suriya and team celebrate as Kaappaan enters Rs 100-crore club|work=[[Cinema Express]]|date=11 October 2019|access-date=25 January 2021|archive-date=19 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119111311/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/2019/oct/11/suriya-and-team-celebrate-as-kaappaan-enters-the-100-crore-club-14824.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also produced ''[[Uriyadi 2]]'' and ''[[Jackpot (2019 film)|Jackpot]]'' in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/jackpot-movie-review-jyotika-stars-in-a-noisy-action-comedy-that-fails-on-both-counts/|title=Jackpot Movie Review: Jyotika Stars In A Noisy Action-Comedy That Fails On Both Counts|website=FilmCompanion |date=2 August 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Career resurgence and critical acclaim (2020–present) ===<br /> [[File:Suriya at 68th national film awards.JPG|thumb|Suriya receiving the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] for ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'']]<br /> <br /> Suriya's career saw a resurgence with the biographical drama ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'', based on the life of [[Air Deccan]] founder Captain [[G. R. Gopinath]]. It was directed by [[Sudha Kongara]], produced by Suriya's 2D Entertainment and co-produced by Guneet Monga under Sikhya Entertainment. He played Maara opposite [[Aparna Balamurali]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriyas-next-director-sudha-kongara-titled-soorarai-pottru-99991|title=Suriya's next with director Sudha Kongara titled 'Soorarai Pottru'|date=13 April 2019|website=The News Minute|access-date=18 April 2019|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418060315/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriyas-next-director-sudha-kongara-titled-soorarai-pottru-99991|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He sang &quot;Maara Theme&quot; and its [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version &quot;Maha Theme&quot; for the film, which was released directly on [[Amazon Prime Video]] in November 2020. The film received widespread critical acclaim and won Suriya his first [[National Film Award for Best Actor]], in addition to his third Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.&lt;ref name=&quot;National&quot;/&gt; The film became the most-watched regional language film in the history of Amazon Prime in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Suriya's 'Soorarai Pottru' became the most-watched regional language film in the history of Amazon Prime India|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/soorarai-pottru-record-in-amazon-prime-history-673135|website=The Hans India|date=20 February 2021 |access-date=1 May 2022|archive-date=1 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501101557/https://www.thehansindia.com/amp/cinema/tollywood/soorarai-pottru-record-in-amazon-prime-history-673135|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Garima|last=Satija|date=17 May 2021|title=Suriya's 'Soorarai Pottru' Bags 3rd Spot In IMDb's List Of Top-Rated 1000 Movies In The World|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/suriyas-soorarai-pottru-bags-3rd-spot-in-imdbs-list-of-top-rated-1000-movies-in-the-world-540645.html|website=Indiatimes|publisher=[[Times Internet]]|access-date=14 June 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517090645/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/suriyas-soorarai-pottru-bags-3rd-spot-in-imdbs-list-of-top-rated-1000-movies-in-the-world-540645.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot; /&gt; Writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Haricharan Pudipeddi stated, &quot;The story of Maara is made to look even more inspiring because of Suriya, who is phenomenal and holds the show together.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=Soorarai Pottru movie review: Suriya is phenomenal in this story of hope and triumph |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/soorarai-pottru-movie-review-suriya-is-phenomenal-in-this-story-of-hope-and-triumph/story-kyZ5YPYKbhcWvka0HZgT0L.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206011245/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/soorarai-pottru-movie-review-suriya-is-phenomenal-in-this-story-of-hope-and-triumph/story-kyZ5YPYKbhcWvka0HZgT0L.html |archive-date=6 December 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next work that year was ''[[Navarasa (web series)|Navarasa]]'', a [[Netflix]] anthology series produced by [[Mani Ratnam]]. It was released in August 2021. He acted in the 9th episode titled ''Guitar Kambi Mele Nindru'', directed by [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]. The artists, technicians and directors of the series contributed towards the film without remuneration, with only the costs of production being associated. The profits earned from the project were donated to the members of the [[Film Employees Federation of South India]] (FEFSI), who were affected by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Netflix's Navarasa: Tamil Cinema comes together for Mani Ratnam's 'thank you' to the industry|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/oct/28/netflixnavarasa-tamil-cinema-comes-together-for-mani-ratnams-thank-you-to-the-industry-21005.html|access-date=29 October 2020|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=28 October 2020 |archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101004914/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/oct/28/netflixnavarasa-tamil-cinema-comes-together-for-mani-ratnams-thank-you-to-the-industry-21005.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Suriya then played [[K. Chandru|Justice K. Chandru]] in T. J. Gnanavel's legal drama ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]''. The film, which was his own production, was distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]] in November 2021. It received positive reviews from critics, who praised the story, performances, direction and social message, and several publications listed the film as &quot;one of the best Tamil and Indian films of 2021&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 December 2021 |title=7 best &amp; top-rated Tamil movies of 2021 on ZEE5, Amazon Prime Video &amp; more to watch before the year ends |url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/best-top-rated-tamil-movies-of-2021-on-zee5-amazon-prime-video-more-to-watch-before-the-year-ends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120193710/https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/best-top-rated-tamil-movies-of-2021-on-zee5-amazon-prime-video-more-to-watch-before-the-year-ends/ |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=[[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Saibal Chatterjee]] from ''[[NDTV]]'' noted: &quot;Suriya, stepping out manfully from his comfort zone, slips effortlessly and efficaciously into the skin - and spirit of Chandru.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |date=1 November 2021 |title=Jai Bhim Review: Suriya Is In Formidable Form In Riveting Film |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jai-bhim-review-suriya-is-in-formidable-form-in-riveting-film-3-5-stars-2595653 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101093654/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jai-bhim-review-suriya-is-in-formidable-form-in-riveting-film-3-5-stars-2595653 |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2021 |website=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was shortlisted among the 276 films eligible for nomination at the [[94th Academy Awards]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Official: 'Jai Bhim' enters Oscar's race |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/official-jai-bhim-enters-oscars-race/articleshow/89037032.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124045341/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/official-jai-bhim-enters-oscars-race/articleshow/89037032.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=24 January 2022 |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; but failed to make the final list of nominations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 February 2022 |title=Suriya's Jai Bhim and Mohanlal's Marakkar fail to make the cut for Oscar nominations |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-jai-bhim-and-mohanlal-s-marakkar-fail-make-cut-oscar-nominations-160787 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225083350/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-jai-bhim-and-mohanlal-s-marakkar-fail-make-cut-oscar-nominations-160787 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jai Bhim'' also became the first Indian film to be featured on the [[Academy Awards|Oscars]]' YouTube channel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=''Jai Bhim'' is the first Indian film to be featured in Oscars YouTube |date=18 January 2022 |url=https://pipanews.com/jay-bhim-movie-jai-bhim-to-appear-on-oscars-youtube-first-indian-film-to-receive-ha-honor-southe-movie-jay-bhim-new-record-release-now-on-oscar-youtube |access-date=1 May 2022 |archive-date=4 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604162140/https://pipanews.com/jay-bhim-movie-jai-bhim-to-appear-on-oscars-youtube-first-indian-film-to-receive-ha-honor-southe-movie-jay-bhim-new-record-release-now-on-oscar-youtube/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sachdeva |first=Maanya |date=11 November 2021 |title=Jai Bhim: Glowing reviews for 'hard-hitting, honest' Indian film that 'outranks Shawshank Redemption' on IMDb |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jai-bhim-suriya-movie-review-imdb-b1955747.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jai-bhim-suriya-movie-review-imdb-b1955747.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=[[The Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil]] as producer of the film, and received his fourteenth nomination for the Filmfare Best Actor – Tamil for his performance in the film, but lost the award to his performance in ''Soorarai Pottru''. The same year, he produced two films, ''[[Raame Aandalum Raavane Aandalum]]'' and ''[[Udanpirappe]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=January 27, 2021 |title=Bigg Boss fame Ramya Pandian signs her next, to be produced by Suriya |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bigg-boss-fame-ramya-pandian-signs-her-next-to-be-produced-by-suriya-1763240-2021-01-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023085314/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bigg-boss-fame-ramya-pandian-signs-her-next-to-be-produced-by-suriya-1763240-2021-01-27 |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=2021-09-20 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=6 August 2021 |title=Amazon inks deal with Tamil star Suriya's 2D Entertainment |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/amazon-inks-deal-with-tamil-star-suriya-s-2d-entertainment-11628227164229.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011163041/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/amazon-inks-deal-with-tamil-star-suriya-s-2d-entertainment-11628227164229.html |archive-date=11 October 2021 |access-date=20 September 2021 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> In 2022, Suriya's first film was ''[[Etharkkum Thunindhavan]]'', also known under the initialism ''ET''. The film, which was directed by [[Pandiraj]] and produced by [[Kalanithi Maran]] under [[Sun Pictures]], featured him opposite [[Priyanka Mohan]]. It released to mixed reviews. He also dubbed for himself in Telugu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 February 2022 |title=Suriya dubs in Telugu for Etharkkum Thunindhavan |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-dubs-in-telugu-for-etharkkum-thunindhavan/articleshow/89527626.cms |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212121125/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-dubs-in-telugu-for-etharkkum-thunindhavan/articleshow/89527626.cms |archive-date=12 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a moderate box office success.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 March 2022 |title='Etharkkum Thunindhavan' box office collection day 5: Suriya's action entertainer enters into an elite 100 crore club |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/etharkkum-thunindhavan-box-office-collection-day-5-suriyas-action-entertainer-enters-into-an-elite-100-crore-club/articleshow/90220105.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315100524/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/etharkkum-thunindhavan-box-office-collection-day-5-suriyas-action-entertainer-enters-into-an-elite-100-crore-club/articleshow/90220105.cms |archive-date=15 March 2022 |access-date=18 March 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following this, he appeared in a cameo as Rolex, a drug lord in [[Lokesh Kanagaraj]]'s ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Aakash |date=3 June 2022 |title='Oh! What A Cameo' Fans Are Hailing Suriya's Performance In Kamal Haasan's 'Vikram' |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/news/108962-vikram-release-fans-loving-suriya-cameo-rolex-kamal-haasan-film-review-vijay-sethupathi.html |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=[[MensXP]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haricharan Pudipeddi stated: &quot;Suriya's brief but powerful cameo is just the high one needs as you step out of ''Vikram''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=3 June 2022 |title=Vikram review: Kamal Haasan's glorious comeback lays the groundwork for Tamil cinema's most ambitious franchise |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vikram-review-kamal-haasan-s-glorious-comeback-lays-the-groundwork-for-tamil-cinema-s-most-ambitious-franchise-101654229921198.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610090724/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vikram-review-kamal-haasan-s-glorious-comeback-lays-the-groundwork-for-tamil-cinema-s-most-ambitious-franchise-101654229921198.html |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film became one of the highest grossing Tamil films of all time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 December 2022 |title=10 highest grossing Indian movies worldwide in 2022 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/10-highest-grossing-indian-movies-worldwide-in-2022-1173800.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819050057/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/10-highest-grossing-indian-movies-worldwide-in-2022-1173800.html |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=19 August 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |quote=It collected Rs 424 crore worldwide.}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also had a cameo appearance in [[R. Madhavan]]'s ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=Suriya, Shah Rukh Khan land cameos in Madhavan's 'Rocketry: The Nambi Effect' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-shah-rukh-khan-land-cameos-madhavan-s-rocketry-nambi-effect-98239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618030958/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-shah-rukh-khan-land-cameos-madhavan-s-rocketry-nambi-effect-98239 |archive-date=18 June 2020 |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; After the release of ''Etharkkum Thunindhavan'', Suriya started work on [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s ''[[Vanangaan]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=G V Prakash on Suriya-Bala movie : The music is almost done|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/gv-prakash-on-suriya-bala-movie-the-music-work-is-almost-done/articleshow/90032968.cms|website=[[Times Of India]]|access-date=23 March 2022|archive-date=11 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311070704/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/gv-prakash-on-suriya-bala-movie-the-music-work-is-almost-done/articleshow/90032968.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Test shoot of Suriya Vetrimaaran movie Vaadivaasal happened|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/see-pics-from-the-test-shoot-of-suriyas-vaadivaasal-in-ecr/articleshow/90334488.cms|website=[[Times Of India]]|access-date=23 March 2022|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320100321/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/see-pics-from-the-test-shoot-of-suriyas-vaadivaasal-in-ecr/articleshow/90334488.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in December 2022, it was confirmed that he left the project due to differences with the director. Suriya's other productions in 2022 were ''[[Oh My Dog]]'' and ''[[Viruman]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 September 2021 |title=Suriya to produce Karthi's upcoming film ''Viruman'' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/suriya-to-produce-karthis-upcoming-film-viruman/2154534/?next |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222144209/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/suriya-to-produce-karthis-upcoming-film-viruman/2154534/?next |archive-date=22 December 2021 |access-date=22 December 2021 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With no film release in 2023, Suriya's first appearance in 2024 was a cameo in the Hindi remake of ''Soorarai Pottru'' titled ''[[Sarfira]]'', an own production with [[Akshay Kumar]] in the lead.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kanabar&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Kanabar|first=Nirali|date=25 April 2022|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-radhika-madan-start-filming-for-suriya-s-soorarai-pottru-hindi-remake-1941512-2022-04-25|title=Akshay Kumar, Radhika Madan start filming for Suriya's Soorarai Pottru Hindi remake|work=India Today|access-date=25 April 2022|archive-date=25 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425063931/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-radhika-madan-start-filming-for-suriya-s-soorarai-pottru-hindi-remake-1941512-2022-04-25|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He then appeared in [[Siva (director)|Siva]]'s big budget film ''[[Kanguva]]'' (2024). The film was produced jointly by [[Studio Green]] and UV Creations, and was released to negative reviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Suriya-Siva's film titled Kanguva|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/16/suriya-sivas-film-titled-kanguva-42375.html|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=16 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; He played dual roles of a bounty hunter and a tribal chieftain opposite [[Disha Patani]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 September 2022 |title=Suriya and Disha Patani start shooting for 'Suriya 42' in Goa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-and-disha-patani-start-shooting-for-suriya-42-in-goa/articleshow/94319230.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006015134/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-and-disha-patani-start-shooting-for-suriya-42-in-goa/articleshow/94319230.cms |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a box office failure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HT Rewind: From Kanguva to Bade Miyan Chote Miyan, big-budget Indian films that failed at the box office in 2024<br /> |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/ht-rewind-from-kanguva-to-bade-miyan-chote-miyan-big-budget-indian-films-that-failed-at-the-box-office-in-2024-101735214910124.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=27 December 2024|archive-date=30 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230123607/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/ht-rewind-from-kanguva-to-bade-miyan-chote-miyan-big-budget-indian-films-that-failed-at-the-box-office-in-2024-101735214910124.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Latha Srinivasan stated, &quot;Suriya is the heart and soul of ''Kanguva'', but the film just doesn't do justice to his performance and commitment.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=14 November 2024 |title=Kanguva Review: Suriya's superb performance let down by weak writing and narration |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kanguva-review-suriya-s-superb-performance-let-down-by-weak-writing-and-narration-101731566399629.html |access-date=14 November 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2025, Suriya played an orphan raised by a gangster opposite [[Pooja Hegde]] in [[Karthik Subbaraj]]'s ''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]''. The film was co-produced by Suriya and [[Stone Bench Films]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |first=Anisha |last=Rao |date=6 October 2024 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-sivakumar-wraps-suriya-44-shoot-karthik-subbaraj-2612242-2024-10-06 |title=Suriya wraps Suriya 44 shoot, shares pic with 'brother for life' Karthik Subbaraj |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=6 October 2024 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006164822/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-sivakumar-wraps-suriya-44-shoot-karthik-subbaraj-2612242-2024-10-06 |url-status=live |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and opened to positive reviews from critics.{{cn|date=September 2025}} Avinash Ramachandran noted, &quot;Suriya’s brilliant turn as Paari anchors the film. The director's vision allows him to deliver a performance that hasn’t come to the fore in a while.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/retro-movie-review-suriya-powers-an-entertaining-layered-but-slightly-shaky-film-9976861/|title=Retro movie review: Suriya powers an entertaining, layered, but slightly shaky Karthik Subbaraj film |date=1 May 2025 |accessdate=3 May 2025 |work=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film had the best opening of his career and went on to become a commercial success.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Md Sayem |first=Kawser |date=13 May 2025 |title=Suriya's 'Retro' Roars: A Bold Comeback With Myth, Action, And Box Office Glory |url=https://unb.com.bd/category/Entertainment/suriyas-retro-roars-a-bold-comeback-with-myth-action-and-box-office-glory/159569 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513114440/https://unb.com.bd/category/Entertainment/suriyas-retro-roars-a-bold-comeback-with-myth-action-and-box-office-glory/159569 |archive-date=13 May 2025 |website=[[United News of Bangladesh]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya will next appear in [[RJ Balaji]]'s [[Karuppu (film)|''Karuppu'']] produced by [[Dream Warrior Pictures]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 November 2024|title=Actor Suriya's film with RJ Balaji begins with puja ceremony |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-film-with-rj-balaji-film-suriya-45-begins-with-puja-ceremony-2640901-2024-11-27 |access-date=27 November 2024|website = India Today }}&lt;/ref&gt; and in [[Venky Atluri]]'s ''Suriya 46''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 May 2025 |title=Suriya, Venky Atluri, Mamitha Baju's bilingual film Suriya 46 goes on floors |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/suriya-venky-atluri-mamitha-bajus-bilingual-film-suriya-46-goes-on-floors-73962.amp |access-date=21 May 2025 |website = Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Humanitarian and social causes ==<br /> [[File:Suriya - TeachAIDS Recording Session (13567066435).jpg|243x243px|Suriya at a [[TeachAids]] campaign|thumb|alt=]] Suriya has been a patron of Tamil Nadu Kidney Research Foundation since 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiaglitz&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 June 2019|title=TANKER Foundation moves to new building|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/tanker-foundation-moves-to-new-building/article28158085.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630131414/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/tanker-foundation-moves-to-new-building/article28158085.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same year, he also acted in a short film on [[AIDS Awareness Week|AIDS awareness]].&lt;ref name=&quot;indiaglitz&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2 August 2007|title=Suriya does his bit for charity|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/suriya-does-his-bit-for-charity-tamil-news-32738|access-date=13 July 2015|website=IndiaGlitz|archive-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812033033/http://www.indiaglitz.com/suriya-does-his-bit-for-charity-tamil-news-32738|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has also lent his voice to other causes such as the &quot;Save The Tigers&quot; campaign, which aids in the protection and preservation of tigers in India, and &quot;REACH&quot;, a non-profit that treats [[tuberculosis]] patients for free using supervised medication programs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/environment/news/surya-voices-his-roar-to-save-our-tigers-323538|title=Surya Voices his Roar to Save Our Tigers|website=[[NDTV]]|date=27 May 2014|access-date=20 January 2023|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120091823/https://www.ndtv.com/video/environment/news/surya-voices-his-roar-to-save-our-tigers-323538|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/suriya-to-pitch-in-for-tb-awareness-campaign/article5767687.ece|title=Suriya to pitch in for TB awareness campaign|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 March 2014|access-date=20 January 2023|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120091823/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/suriya-to-pitch-in-for-tb-awareness-campaign/article5767687.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2019, Suriya criticised the union government's Draft [[National Education Policy]] (NEP), claiming that several of its features would affect students from rural areas. He said the policy sought to impose entrance and qualifying examination on students and the [[Three-language formula|three language formula]] in Tamil Nadu. His statements were criticized by BJP and AIADMK leaders.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 July 2019|title=Actor Suriya criticises Centre's draft education policy, gets flak from politicians|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/actor-suriya-criticises-centres-draft-education-policy-gets-flak-from-politicians/|access-date=28 September 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928190004/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/actor-suriya-criticises-centres-draft-education-policy-gets-flak-from-politicians/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=14 July 2019|title=Draft NEP against rural students: Suriya|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/draft-nep-against-rural-students-suriya/article28424610.ece|access-date=28 September 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928190004/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/draft-nep-against-rural-students-suriya/article28424610.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Suriya issued a statement on [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|National Eligibility cum Entrance Test]] (NEET) in September 2020 after three students committed suicide. He criticized the government for enacting laws that created inequalities and criticized the judiciary saying that &quot;while the court is run through video conferencing, they have ordered students to take the exams in person during COVID-19&quot;. He compared NEET to &quot;[[Manusmriti|manuneethi]]&quot; and a tale in the [[Mahabharata]] in which [[Drona]] demanded [[Ekalavya]]'s thumb as payment for training, going on to suggest that &quot;the skills and abilities of our children should not be determined by one test&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=&quot;நீட் எனும் மனுநீதி தேர்வு மாணவர்களின் உயிரை பறிக்கிறது&quot; – சூர்யா|language=ta|work=BBC News தமிழ்|url=https://www.bbc.com/tamil/india-54140836|access-date=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928190003/https://www.bbc.com/tamil/india-54140836|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He asked people to raise their voice against the NEET which &quot;prevents medical courses to students from normal families&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 September 2020|title=Entrance exams are 'manuneethi' tests: Actor Suriya's statement against NEET|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/entrance-exams-are-manuneethi-tests-actor-suriya-s-powerful-statement-against-neet-132975|access-date=28 September 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928191509/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/entrance-exams-are-manuneethi-tests-actor-suriya-s-powerful-statement-against-neet-132975|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; While [[Madras High Court]] judge S.M. Balasubramaniam urged the chief justice to take contempt action against Suriya, this was opposed by six retired judges.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=NEET: Don't take action against actor Suriya, 6 retired judges urge Madras High Court chief justice|url=https://scroll.in/latest/973145/neet-dont-take-action-against-actor-suriya-6-retired-judges-urge-madras-high-court-chief-justice|access-date=28 September 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=15 September 2020 |language=en-US|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928190003/https://scroll.in/latest/973145/neet-dont-take-action-against-actor-suriya-6-retired-judges-urge-madras-high-court-chief-justice|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya's wife Jyothika had on a separate occasion requested to contribute to schools and hospitals the same as temples. Although the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and other right-wing organisations condemned them, they garnered widespread support from people advocating equality in access to healthcare and education.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 September 2020|title=Suriya's Political Awakening Could Revive His Film Career|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/suriya-profile-politics-neet_in_5f6656cdc5b6de79b675de90|access-date=28 September 2021|website=HuffPost|language=en|archive-date=22 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122072433/https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/suriya-profile-politics-neet_in_5f6656cdc5b6de79b675de90|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Philanthropy ==<br /> {{Main|Agaram Foundation}}<br /> <br /> In 2006, Suriya began [[Agaram Foundation]], working to help children who drop out of school early in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Suriya revealed that he was inspired to begin the movement as a result of his father's own organisation, Sivakumar Educational Trust, which had been operating similar benefits on a smaller scale since the 1980s.&lt;ref name=&quot;agaram.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|year=2006|title=About Us|work=Agaram |url=https://agaram.in/educational-trust|access-date=22 October 2009|publisher=Agaram Foundation|archive-date=14 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714170407/https://www.agaram.in/educational-trust|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the [[Department of Higher Education (Tamil Nadu)|Ministry of Education in Tamil Nadu]], the foundation created a short commercial video outlining child poverty, labour and lack of education, titled ''[[Herova? Zerova?]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/herova-zerova-educational-awareness-campaign-tamil-event-15290.html|title=HEROVA? ZEROVA? EDUCATIONAL AWARENESS CAMPAIGN EVENT GALLERY|website=IndiaGlitz|date=16 May 2008|access-date=26 February 2011|archive-date=13 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813030912/http://www.indiaglitz.com/herova-zerova-educational-awareness-campaign-tamil-event-15290.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Surya, the social activist|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/may/19sssurya.htm|access-date=28 September 2021|website=www.rediff.com|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055504/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/may/19sssurya.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The film was written and produced by Sivakumar and also starred [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] and [[Jyothika]]. Agaram sponsored 159 underprivileged students in 2010 for their higher education in various disciplines, and has continued to provide free seats and accommodation for pupils. Agaram Foundation works towards providing appropriate learning opportunities to the rural populace who do not otherwise have access to quality education. Through the foundation, Suriya has also managed to set up a platform for students to participate in workshops and improve communication skills, teamwork, goal setting and leadership.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=T. Saravanan |title=The other side of Suriya |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/the-other-side-of-suriya/article7841604.ece |access-date=24 December 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 November 2015 |location=Madurai |archive-date=25 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625104010/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/the-other-side-of-suriya/article7841604.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2025, Suriya donated {{INR}}10 crore from his film ''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]''{{'}}s profits to his educational NGO.&lt;ref name=&quot;Retro success&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Suriya donates Rs. 10 crore from Retro profits to Agaram Foundation|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/suriya-donates-rs-10-crore-retro-profits-agaram-foundation/ |access-date=9 May 2025 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=9 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> [[File:Suriya &amp; Jyothika at the Kaatrin Mozhi movie launch.jpg|thumb|Jyothika and Suriya at the launch of the former's film ''[[Kaatrin Mozhi]]'' (2018)]]<br /> <br /> Suriya married actress [[Jyothika]] on 11 September 2006 in [[Chennai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=Suriya and Jyothika look like a million bucks in viral photo |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-jyothika-look-like-a-million-bucks-in-this-latest-viral-photo-7969244/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |accessdate=21 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=11 September 2006 |title=Highlights of Suriya-Jyothika wedding |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/sep-06-02/11-09-06-surya-jo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917163748/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/sep-06-02/11-09-06-surya-jo.html |archive-date=17 September 2009 |access-date=22 October 2009 |website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; The couple met on the sets of their first film together ''[[Poovellam Kettuppar ]]'' (1999), and eventually began dating.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 May 2014 |title=Suriya and Jyothika have done 7 films together |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/suriya-and-jyothika-have-done-7-films-together/articleshow/35388362.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630045902/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/suriya-and-jyothika-have-done-7-films-together/articleshow/35388362.cms |archive-date=30 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Shankar, Settu |date=20 August 2007 |title=Bright light falls on Surya-Jyothika |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/exclusive/surya-jyothika-diya-20807.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709094046/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/exclusive/surya-jyothika-diya-20807.html |archive-date=9 July 2012 |access-date=22 October 2009 |publisher=One India}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have two children: a daughter (Diya; born 2007) and a son (Dev; born 2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriyas-daughter-diya-is-all-grown-up-in-unseen-pics-as-she-poses-with-new-pet-fans-call-her-jyothika-s-xerox-copy-101675769245635-amp.html|title=Suriya's daughter Diya is all grown up in unseen pics as she poses with new pet; fans call her Jyothika's 'xerox copy'|accessdate=10 February 2023|website=Hindustan Times|date=7 February 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209172535/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriyas-daughter-diya-is-all-grown-up-in-unseen-pics-as-she-poses-with-new-pet-fans-call-her-jyothika-s-xerox-copy-101675769245635-amp.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-and-jyothika-are-proud-parents-as-son-dev-wins-national-karate-championship-1512551-2019-04-29|title=Suriya and Jyothika are proud parents as son Dev wins national Karate championship|accessdate=16 September 2022|website=India Today|date=29 April 2019 |archive-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104656/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-and-jyothika-are-proud-parents-as-son-dev-wins-national-karate-championship-1512551-2019-04-29|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == In the media ==<br /> [[File:The Actor, Surya addressing at the closing ceremony of the 42nd International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2011), at Panaji, Goa on December 03, 2011.jpg|thumb|Suriya in 2011]]<br /> <br /> Suriya is among the highest paid actors in Tamil cinema.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Rajinikanth to Thalapathy Vijay, highest paid actors of Kollywood. Here's how much they earn per film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-to-thalapathy-vijay-highest-paid-actors-of-kollywood-2382520-2023-05-22|date=22 May 2023|work=India Today|access-date=27 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijay-to-suriya-8-highest-paid-actors-of-the-tamil-film-industry-4940618.html|title=Vijay to Suriya: 8 Highest-Paid Actors of The Tamil Film Industry|website=News18|access-date=26 December 2023|date=4 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; For 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Suriya – Forbes India Magazine|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/profile/suriya/1395/88|website=Forbes India|language=en|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225134823/http://www.forbesindia.com/profile/suriya/1395/88|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2013,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2013-celebrity-100/1439/1 2013 Celebrity 100] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104110158/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2013-celebrity-100/1439/1 |date=4 January 2018 }}. Forbesindia.com (1 February 2013). Retrieved 26 December 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; 2015,&lt;ref name=&quot;Suriya – Forbes India Magazine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Suriya – Forbes India Magazine|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/suriya/1587/101|website=Forbes India|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605061247/https://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/suriya/1587/101|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2016,&lt;ref name=&quot;Suriya – Forbes India Magazine&quot; /&gt; 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; and 2018,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2018 Forbes India Celebrity 100 list: Rajinikanth, Thalapathy Vijay among the wealthiest South Indian stars! {{!}} Entertainment News|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/photo-gallery/2018-forbes-india-celebrity-100-list-rajinikanth-thalapathy-vijay-among-the-wealthiest-south-indian-stars/326398|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130030805/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/photo-gallery/2018-forbes-india-celebrity-100-list-rajinikanth-thalapathy-vijay-among-the-wealthiest-south-indian-stars/326398|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya was included in the ''[[Forbes India]]'' Celebrity 100 list which is based on the earnings of Indian celebrities. His peak ranking on the list was at the 25th place, in the year 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2017-celebrity-100/1665/all 2017 Celebrity 100] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711185628/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2017-celebrity-100/1665/all |date=11 July 2018 }}. Forbesindia.com. Retrieved 30 December 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya stood at the 9th place in its list of the most influential stars on Instagram in South cinema for the year 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet the 30 most influential social media stars of South cinema |access-date=17 December 2022 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/south-celebrity-special-2021/meet-the-most-influential-social-media-stars-of-south-cinema/71017/1 |work=Forbes India |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310062133/https://www.forbesindia.com/amp/article/south-celebrity-special-2021/meet-the-most-influential-social-media-stars-of-south-cinema/71017/1 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2022, Suriya became the first [[Cinema of South India|South Indian]] actor to be invited to join the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]. He was among 397 eminent film personalities invited to join the Academy for the [[95th Academy Awards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Suriya or Chiranjeevi? Fans confused over the first South Indian actor to join as the member of the Oscar Awards committee|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-or-chiranjeevi-fans-confused-over-the-first-south-indian-actor-to-join-as-the-member-of-the-oscar-awards-committee/articleshow/92544830.cms|website=[[Times Of India]]|access-date=1 July 2022|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220235347/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-or-chiranjeevi-fans-confused-over-the-first-south-indian-actor-to-join-as-the-member-of-the-oscar-awards-committee/articleshow/92544830.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Suriya becomes first Tamil actor to get invitation to be member of Oscar family|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/saravanan-sivakumar-becomes-first-tamil-actor-to-get-invitation-to-be-member-of-oscar-family/articleshow/92557402.cms|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=30 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220235355/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/saravanan-sivakumar-becomes-first-tamil-actor-to-get-invitation-to-be-member-of-oscar-family/articleshow/92557402.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A research study conducted in 2023 by Indian Institute of Human Brands (IIHB) stated that Suriya was the highest-ranked celebrity in South India. The study was based on several attributes covering image, personality and other human factors.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/research/suriya-is-the-number-one-celebrity-in-south-india-report/97019588 |title=Suriya is the number one celebrity in South India: Report |date=16 January 2023 |website=Economic Times |accessdate=27 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya is also known for his versatility, often considered as a successor to actor [[Kamal Hassan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ht&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ie&quot; /&gt; In ''[[Rediff.com]]''{{'}}s &quot;Top Tamil Actors&quot; list, Suriya was placed 3rd in 2005, 1st in 2008, 2009 and 2010, and 5th in 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Best Tamil Actors of 2005 |date=20 December 2006 |author= |work=Rediff.com |access-date=25 January 2013 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/26sli3.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The 5 BEST Tamil Actors 2008 |date=13 January 2009 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=27 February 2016 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/23sl1-top-tamil-actors.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2009's Top Tamil Actors |date=12 January 2010 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=21 February 2017 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-2009s-top-tamil-actors/20091221.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Best Tamil Actors of 2010 |date=19 January 2011 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=26 February 2018 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-best-tamil-actors-of-2010/20101214.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Top Tamil Actors of 2012 |date=18 January 2013 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 February 2019 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-top-tamil-actors-of-2012/20130115.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suriya became the 5th and 4th most tweeted about South Indian actor in 2020 and 2021, respectively, following his performances in ''Soorarai Pottru'' and ''Jai Bhim''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Keerthy Suresh and Mahesh Babu are Most Tweeted About South Indian Superstars of 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-mahesh-babu-are-most-tweeted-about-south-indian-superstars-of-2020-1749313-2020-12-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214073820/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-mahesh-babu-are-most-tweeted-about-south-indian-superstars-of-2020-1749313-2020-12-14 |archive-date=14 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Thalapthy Vijay, Keerthy Suresh 'Most Tweeted About' Actors of 2021 From South Industry |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/thalapthy-vijay-keerthy-suresh-most-tweeted-about-actors-of-2021-from-south-industry-4556723.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508055833/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/thalapthy-vijay-keerthy-suresh-most-tweeted-about-actors-of-2021-from-south-industry-4556723.html |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=15 December 2021 |work=News18 India}}&lt;/ref&gt; His performance in ''24'' is regarded as one of the &quot;100 Greatest Performances of the Decade&quot; by ''[[Film Companion]].''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=100 Greatest Performances of the Decade |url=https://filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219043509/https://www.filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=14 November 2020 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Suriya has been a celebrity endorser for several brands and products. In 2004, he was [[Pepsi]]'s brand ambassador in [[Tamil Nadu]] along with [[R. Madhavan]]. He was chosen to represent [[TVS Motors]], [[ITC Limited|Sunfeast Biscuits]] and [[Aircel]] in 2006. He had endorsed [[Saravana Stores]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sivajitv.com/hot-n-spice/surya-is-the-brand-ambassador-for-saravana-stores.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100619044113/http://www.sivajitv.com/hot-n-spice/surya-is-the-brand-ambassador-for-saravana-stores.htm |archive-date=19 June 2010 |title=சரவணா ஸ்டோர்ஸ் சட்டையைத்தான் இனி சூர்யாவும் போடுவாரா? |publisher=sivajitv.com |access-date=15 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bharathi Cements and [[Emami]] Navaratna products in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://suriyaonline.com/2011/04/02/surya-new-navaratna-oil-ads/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722152225/http://suriyaonline.com/2011/04/02/surya-new-navaratna-oil-ads/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 July 2012 |title=Surya New Navaratna Oil Ads |publisher=SuriyaOnline.Com |date=2 April 2011 |access-date=3 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, he had signed new deals with [[Nescafe]], [[Close-Up (toothpaste)|Close-Up]] and Zandu Balm, for the latter of which he appeared with actress [[Malaika Arora]]. In 2012, Suriya endorsed [[Malabar Gold and Diamonds]]. The commercials for Aircel and Nescafe featured Suriya and his wife [[Jyothika]] together.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/apr-11-05/suriya-29-04-11.html |title='close Up' Suriya&amp;nbsp;– Suriya |website=Behindwoods |date=29 April 2011 |access-date=3 December 2011 |archive-date=3 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903132617/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/apr-11-05/suriya-29-04-11.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, he was honored at the [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]] as the Best Male Endorser in South India.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.edisonawards.in/ ::: Edison Awards :::] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213074130/http://www.edisonawards.in/ |date=13 February 2014 }}. Edisonawards.in. Retrieved 26 December 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2014, he promoted [[Complan]] energy drinks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Suriya-is-the-new-brand-ambassador-of-Complan/articleshow/30513032.cms |title=Suriya is the new brand ambassador of Complan |work=The Times Of India |date=16 February 2014 |access-date=17 July 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101031155/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Suriya-is-the-new-brand-ambassador-of-Complan/articleshow/30513032.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, Suriya was named as the brand ambassador for [[Quikr]] and [[Intex Technologies|Intex Moblies]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Singam Star Suriya combines birthday celebration with launch of 'NGK' poster|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/singam-star-suriya-combines-birthday-celebration-with-launch-of-%27ngk%27-poster-91182.html|website=exchange4media.com|language=en|date=24 July 2018|access-date=20 February 2023|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120210446/https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/singam-star-suriya-combines-birthday-celebration-with-launch-of-%27ngk%27-poster-91182.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2024, Suriya was placed 62nd on [[IMDb]]'s List of 100 Most Viewed Indian Stars.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |accessdate=29 August 2024 |title=Deepika Padukone, Shah Rukh Khan Top IMDb's List of Most Viewed Indian Stars |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/deepika-padukone-shah-rukh-khan-imdb-indian-stars-list-1236018332/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122092159/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/deepika-padukone-shah-rukh-khan-imdb-indian-stars-list-1236018332/ |archive-date=22 November 2024 |website=Variety |date=29 May 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Work and accolades ==<br /> {{Main|Suriya filmography|List of awards and nominations received by Suriya}}<br /> <br /> Suriya has received two [[National Film Awards]], six [[Filmfare Awards South]], and five [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]. He received National Award for [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] and [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]], both for ''Soorarai Pottru'' (2020).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/68th-national-film-awards-winners-list-8045178|title=68th National Film Awards winners list: Suriya's Soorarai Pottru wins big |date=22 July 2022 |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south/articleshow/59192157.cms|title=64th Filmfare South Awards Winners 2017|website=The Times of India|date=16 June 2018|access-date=24 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 October 2022 |title=Winners List : 67th Parle Filmfare Awards South 2022 with Kamar Film Factory |work=[[Filmfare]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-for-the-67th-parle-filmfare-awards-south-2022-with-kamar-film-factory-55592.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010211808/https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-for-the-67th-parle-filmfare-awards-south-2022-with-kamar-film-factory-55592.html |archive-date=10 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|1421814}}<br /> * {{Rotten-tomatoes-person|suriya|Suriya}}<br /> * {{Twitter|Suriya_offl}}<br /> <br /> {{Subject bar<br /> |commons = yes<br /> |d = yes<br /> |portal1 = Biography<br /> |portal2 = Bollywood<br /> |portal3 = Films<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{National Film Award Best Actor}}<br /> {{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil}}<br /> {{Tamil Nadu State Award for Best Actor}}<br /> {{2D Entertainment}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1975 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Best Actor National Film Award winners]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]<br /> [[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br /> [[Category:Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan schools alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award]]<br /> [[Category:International Tamil Film Award winners]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indraja&diff=504426 2026-03-16T08:15:10Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Other uses}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Indraja<br /> | image = Indraja.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Indraja in 2020<br /> | birth_name = Rajathi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Indraja |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/profile.php?id=16006634&amp;cid=2411 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623064415/http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/profile.php?id=16006634&amp;cid=2411 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 June 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=19 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | othername = <br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|[[Model (person)|model]]}}<br /> | yearsactive = 1994 – 2007&lt;br /&gt;2014 – present<br /> | spouse = Mohammed Absar<br /> | children = 1<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rajathi''', better known by her [[stage name]] '''Indraja''', is an Indian actress who works in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films, in addition to television shows.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Indraja|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/profile.php?id=16006634&amp;cid=2411|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623064415/http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/profile.php?id=16006634&amp;cid=2411|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 June 2013|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=3 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Indraja was born as Rajathi in a [[Telugu Brahmin]] family in [[Chennai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I Am A Telugu Brahmin .. He Is A Muslim .. It Does Not Hinder Marriage: Heroine Indraja Love Story|date=22 April 2021|url=https://thenewsglory.com/i-am-a-telugu-brahmin-he-is-a-muslim-it-does-not-hinder-marriage-heroine-indraja-love-story/|access-date=2021-11-30|language=en-gb|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130095654/https://thenewsglory.com/i-am-a-telugu-brahmin-he-is-a-muslim-it-does-not-hinder-marriage-heroine-indraja-love-story/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJB0UhL3-6c%3Ft%3D502|people=Indraja, Prema|title=Actress Indraja Exclusive Interview|time=8m20s|publisher=iDream Telugu Movies|date=16 December 2016|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515153545/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJB0UhL3-6c%3Ft%3D502|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=నేను తెలుగు బ్రాహ్మణ్.. ఆయన ముస్లిం..పెళ్లికి అది అడ్డుకాదు: హీరోయిన్ ఇంద్రజ లవ్ స్టోరీ|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/senior-heroine-indraja-revealed-her-love-marriage-story/articleshow/82201270.cms|access-date=2021-05-15|website=[[Samayam Telugu]]|language=te|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515153801/https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/senior-heroine-indraja-revealed-her-love-marriage-story/articleshow/82201270.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is the eldest of three sisters and comes from a [[Carnatic music]] family.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Indraja reveals how she got married despite objection from parents|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/07/17/actress-indraja-marriage-story-comeback-malayalam-cinema.html|access-date=2021-05-08|website=OnManorama|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510195759/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/07/17/actress-indraja-marriage-story-comeback-malayalam-cinema.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; During school days, she won prizes in singing and drama competitions. A trained classical singer and dancer, she learned [[Kuchipudi]] dance form Madhavapeddi Murthy.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; She was preparing to be a journalist.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Director's dream|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/mar/12ind.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=3 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Indraja was cast as a child actress in Rajinikanth-starrer Uzhaippali movie. With Jantar Mantar, her first movie as a grown-up, she adopted the name of her character in that movie, 'Indraja' as her stage name. Later, S. V. Krishna Reddy's ''Yamaleela'' catapulted her to instant stardom. The film ran for over a year.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; She acted in ''Thadayam'' and ''[[Rajavin Parvaiyile]]'' but she was not able to make much headway in Tamil movies, as both movies failed to make an impact at the box office.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> She played the female lead roles in a number of successful [[Malayalam film]]s, such as the 1999 action drama ''[[Ustaad (1999 film)|Ustaad]]'' alongside [[Mohanlal]], crime thriller ''[[F.I.R (1999 film)|F.I.R]]'' alongside [[Suresh Gopi]], 2002 comedy-drama ''[[Chronic Bachelor]]'' alongside [[Mammootty]], 2004 comedy drama ''[[Mayilattam (film)|Mayilattam]]'' opposite [[Jayaram]], and 2005 action drama ''[[Ben Johnson (film)|Ben Johnson]]'' alongside [[Kalabhavan Mani]] are some of her most notable Malayalam films. After a hiatus post her marriage, she has returned to movies with some notable roles in several Telugu movies.<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Indraja is married to actor and businessman Mohammed Absar who has acted in many television serials. The couple has a daughter named Sara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aptoday.com/movienews/my-marriage-isnt-a-secret-senior-heroine/2993/|title=My Marriage isn't a Secret: Senior Heroine|website=AP Today|date=7 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910070950/http://www.aptoday.com/movienews/my-marriage-isnt-a-secret-senior-heroine/2993/|archive-date=10 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ===Films===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1993 || ''[[Uzhaippali]]'' || Young Tamilarasan's sister || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| credited as Baby Aishwarya<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Purusha Lakshanam]]'' || Film actress ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1994 || ''[[Hello Brother (1994 film)|Hello Brother]]'' || Herself<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||Special appearance in the song &quot;Kannepetta Ro&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Jantar Mantar'' || Indraja||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Yamaleela]]'' ||Lily ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Amaidhi Padai]]'' ||Thayamma's friend ||Tamil||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;13&quot; |1995 || ''[[Sogasu Chooda Tharamaa]]'' ||Neelu (Neelima Devi)|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Telugu || Nominated-[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Amma Donga]]'' ||Mohana / Kalyani||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Rajavin Parvaiyile]]'' || Gowri || Tamil ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Balaraju Bangaru Pellam'' || Nagamani|| rowspan=&quot;17&quot; | Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Aasthi Mooredu Asha Baaredu'' || Dancer||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vaddu Bava Thappu]]'' || Priya||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Server Sundaramgari Abbayi''||Heroine ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Errodu'' ||Seetalu ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Love Game'' || Indu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Subhamasthu'' ||Saroja ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Bhartha Simham'' || Special appearance||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vajram (1995 film)|Vajram]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Miss 420''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |1996 || ''[[Mummy Mee Aayanochadu]]'' || Sharada||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sampradhayam'' ||Geetha ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Pittala Dora (film)|''Pittala Dora'']]|| Nikki||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Once More'' || Kalyani||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Nalla Poosalu'' ||Revathi ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Jagadeka Veerudu]]'' ||Labbu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Bobbili Bolludu'' ||Rathani ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |1997 || ''[[Thadayam]]'' || Devi|| Tamil ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Oka Chinna Maata]]'' ||Geeta || rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Jai Bajarangabhali'' || Ramya||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Chilakkottudu]]'' ||Indraja ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Peddannayya]]'' ||Sravani ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Chinnabbayi]]'' ||Lalitha || Cameo appearance<br /> |-<br /> | ''Illalu'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1998 || ''[[Velai]]'' ||Charulatha|| Tamil ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kalavari Chellelu Kanaka Maha Lakshmi'' ||Vijaya|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[O Panaipothundi Babu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Gadibidi Krishna]]'' || Seeta|| [[Kannada]]||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;13&quot; |1999 || ''Surya Puthrika'' ||Gayathri || Telugu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[The Godman]]'' || Mumthas || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Malayalam]]||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ustaad (1999 film)|Ustaad]]'' || Kshama ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Independence (1999 film)|Independence]]'' || Sindu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[F.I.R (1999 film)|F.I.R]]'' || Laila ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pichodi Chetilo Raayi]]'' || Indu|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Chinni Chinni Aasa (film)|Chinni Chinni Aasa]]'' ||Aasa ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Coolie Raja'' || Suma || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Kannada ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''The Killer'' ||Sita ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Unnaruge Naan Irundhal]]'' ||Dancer || Tamil ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Prathyartha]]'' || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Kannada ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Avale Nanna Hudugi'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Telangana'' || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Telugu||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2000 || ''[[Sammakka Sarakka]]'' ||Guest role ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sundara Purusha'' ||Heroine Irvasi || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Kannada ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Khadga'' ||Gayathri ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sradha]]'' ||Sudha || Malayalam||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Mundaithe Oora Habba'' || || Kannada ||<br /> |-<br /> |2001 || ''[[Unnathangalil]]'' || Helen|| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | Malayalam||<br /> |-<br /> |2002 || ''[[Krishna Gopalakrishna]]'' || Bhama ||<br /> |-<br /> |2003 || ''Cheri'' ||Arundhati ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2003 || ''Achante Kochumol'' || Daisy||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Chronic Bachelor]]'' || Bhavani Rajasekharan||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[War and Love (2003 film)|War and Love]]'' || Capt. Hema Varma||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Relax'' || Chitra ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2004 || ''Thalamelam'' || Ammukutty ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Agninakshathram (2004 film)|Agninakshathram]]'' || Ammu ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Engal Anna]]'' || Bhavani|| Tamil ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mayilattam (film)|Mayilattam]] '' || Meenakshi|| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Malayalam||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2005 || ''[[Lokanathan IAS]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ben Johnson (film)|Ben Johnson]]'' ||Gouri ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006 || ''Highway Police '' || Ranjini||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Narakasuran]] '' ||Neena Viswanathan ||<br /> |-<br /> |2007 || ''[[Indrajith (2007 film)|Indrajith]]'' || Shahina||<br /> |-<br /> |2014 || ''[[Dikkulu Choodaku Ramayya]]'' || Bhavani || rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015 || ''Budugu'' || Dr. Geetha Reddy||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Lion (2015 film)|Lion]]'' || CBI Deputy Chief Indrani||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017 || ''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]''|| Jhansi||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Samanthakamani (film)|Samanthakamani]]'' || Bhanumati ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018|| ''[[Agnyaathavaasi]]''|| Krishnaveni Bhargav ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Happy Wedding (2018 film)|Happy Wedding]]'' || Neeraja ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019||''Akkadokkannadu''||Mamatha||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Software Sudheer]]'' || Chandu's mother ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2021 || ''[[Alludu Adhurs]]'' || Sreenu's mother ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Stand Up Rahul]]''||Rahul's mother||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2022||''[[Anantham (web series)|Anantham]]''||Maragatham ||Tamil||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Macherla Niyojakavargam]]'' ||Siddhu's mother ||Telugu||<br /> |-<br /> | ''12C'' ||Asha Pai ||Malayalam||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Breaking News'' || ||Tamil||<br /> |-<br /> | ''It's My Life'' || || rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Telugu||<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |''[[Ugram (film)|Ugram]]''<br /> |Dr. Manasa<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2024<br /> |[[Razakar (film)|''Razakar'']]<br /> |Chakali Ailamma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Prathinidhi 2]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam]]''<br /> |Kala Rani<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025<br /> |''[[Katha Kamamishu]]''<br /> |Kalpana<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Thala (2025 film)|''Thala'']]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[14 Days Girlfriend Intlo]]''<br /> |Harika<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Title !! Network !! Language !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sundarakanda (TV series)|Sundarakanda]]'' ||[[Gemini TV]] ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|| Pavithra<br /> |-<br /> | ''Paasam''|| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| Janaki <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Aan Paavam (TV series)|Aan Paavam]]'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bhairavi Aavigalukku Priyamanaval]]''||Special appearance<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Valli (TV series)|Valli]]''||Madhumitha Subbu <br /> |-<br /> |''Premanuragam - Naana'' || || rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Get Ready'' || rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[ETV Telugu|ETV]]||<br /> |-<br /> |''Wow 2'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Cash'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |[[Jabardasth (TV series)|''Jabardasth'']]<br /> |Judge from 1 April 2021 – 20 May 2021<br /> |-<br /> |''Sridevi Drama Company''||<br /> |-<br /> |''Thaggedele'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Alitho Saradaga|Alitho Sardaga]]'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Pellam Vaddu Party Muddu'' ||Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> |''JB Junction'' || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Malayalam ||[[Kairali TV]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Comedy Super Nite'' ||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Thaka Dhimi Thaka Janu'' ||[[Jaya TV]]||Tamil <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Musical wife grand finale ''||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]]|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Malayalam ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Star Magic 2024''||[[Flowers TV]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|id=0408548}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Indraja}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheela_Kolambkar&diff=534766 2026-03-14T06:48:05Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: adding the stub with sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian writer (born 1945)}}<br /> {{BLP one source|date=January 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox writer <br /> | name = Sheela Kolambkar <br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Sheela Naik <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|3|11|df=y}} <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | occupation = Writer, translator, teacher<br /> | education = BA (Hons), [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]] <br /> | genre = Short story, essay, character sketches, children's literature, travelogue <br /> | notable_works = ''Oli Saanj'', ''Bhuim Chanfim'', ''Guerra'' <br /> | spouse = Tukaram Kolambkar <br /> | awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1997){{br}}[[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] (2007) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sheela Kolambkar''' (born '''Sheela Naik'''; 11 March 1945) is an Indian writer and translator predominantly known for her work in the [[Konkani language]]. She is a recipient of the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] and has been a significant figure in modern Konkani literature since her debut in the early 1970s.<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education== <br /> Sheela Kolambkar was born on 11 March 1945. She completed her schooling and higher education in [[Panaji]], Goa, graduating with a BA (Hons) from [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]] in 1965. During her college years, she was inspired by her professor, S. Nadkarni, and the noted scholar and [[Jnanpith Award]] winner [[Ravindra Kelekar]]. She discovered that writing in Konkani was the most effective way for her to express her creative feelings.&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot;&gt;{{cite report |last= |first= |date=27 August 2015 |title=Meet the Author: Sheela Kolambkar |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/library/meettheauthor/sheela_kolambkar.pdf |website=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |location= |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]], [[Institute Menezes Braganza]] |docket= |access-date=23 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Literary career== <br /> Kolambkar's literary career began with her maiden short story, ''Guerra'' (War), which won first prize in a contest held by the daily ''Rashtramat''. This story is considered a trendsetter in modern Konkani literature. It was later translated into English by Prakash Thali and Santan Rodrigues for ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]'' (1974), and into Portuguese by Noronha.&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> In 1973, her first collection of short stories, ''Oli Saanj'', was published by Jaag Prakashan. The collection received critical acclaim, with writer Laxmanrao Sardesai praising its artistic rendition of life experiences. Her story ''Haum Vanzudnhai'' was adapted into a telefilm by Mukesh Thali, winning an award in [[Doordarshan]]'s national level regional language category.&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Kolambkar is also recognized for her work in the genre of character sketches. Her book ''Bhuim Chanfim'' features fictitious character portraits, while her more recent work, ''Sheela Lekh'', portrays real-life personalities, including members of her own family.&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> She has also written extensively for children, a skill she developed while narrating stories to her two sons. Her bibliography includes several children's books such as ''Tejas ani Ojas'' and ''Kavlya kakya re''.&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Her writing is noted for its linguistic diversity; while she writes primarily in the [[Devanagari]] script, her works have also been published in the [[Latin script|Roman script]] to reach a wider audience across the Konkani-speaking diaspora.&lt;ref name=&quot;ScriptsDNA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Krishna |first=R. |date=21 November 2013 |title=The many scripts of Konkani |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-the-many-scripts-of-konkani-1708893 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Translations== <br /> Beyond her original writing, Kolambkar is an active translator. She translated a collection of [[Dogri language|Dogri]] short stories into Konkani under the title ''Bhangrachem Suknnem'', for which she received the [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]. Her other translation works include ''Dongravelo Uzo'' (from English) and ''Parjallti Gholl''.&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Personal life== <br /> Kolambkar served as an assistant teacher in [[Agaçaim]] and Santa Cruz, Goa, between 1966 and 1972. Following her marriage to Tukaram Kolambkar, she moved to [[Mumbai]], where she has lived for over 42 years. Despite living outside Goa, she has maintained a consistent and pure Konkani style in her writing.&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Awards and accolades== <br /> She has been awarded and honoured with many accolades:&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt; <br /> * [[Kala Academy]] Goa State Award for ''Oli Saanj'' (1975) <br /> * [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for ''Bhuim Chanfim'' (1997) <br /> * President of the 14th Akhil Bharatiya Konkani Sahitya Sammelan (1998) <br /> * [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] for ''Bhangrachem Suknnem'' (2007) <br /> * Sahitya Akademi Samsung Tagore Literature Award for literary excellence (2012) <br /> * Vimla V. Pai Vishwa Konkani Sahitya Puraskar (2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Works== <br /> Some of her popular works are listed below:&lt;ref name=&quot;SahityaAkademiIntro&quot; /&gt;<br /> ===Short story collections=== <br /> * ''Oli Saanj'' (1973) <br /> * ''Guerra'' (2007) <br /> <br /> ===Essays and character sketches=== <br /> * ''Bhuim-chanfim'' (1994) <br /> * ''Sheelalekh'' (2012) <br /> <br /> ===Children's literature=== <br /> * ''Tejas ani Ojas'' (1996) <br /> * ''Pankaj'' (2005) <br /> * ''Kavlya kakya re'' (2012)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kolambkar, Sheela}}<br /> [[Category:1945 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Women writers from Goa]]<br /> [[Category:People from Portuguese India]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Konkani]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation into Konkani]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi-language writers]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neel_Bhattacharya&diff=521440 2026-03-13T11:01:58Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: made new details w/ refs.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian television actor}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Neel Bhattacharya<br /> | image = Neel Bhattacharya 2024.jpg<br /> | caption = Bhattacharya in 2024<br /> | birth_name = Abhijit Bhattacharya<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|06|08|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | citizenship = [[India]]n<br /> | known_for = ''Nikhil'' in [[Krishnakoli]]&lt;br&gt;''Prwithwijit Deb'' in [[Stree (TV series)|Stree]]<br /> | notable_works = {{Unbulleted list |[[Thik Jeno Love Story]] (2014)|[[Stree (TV series)|Stree]] (2016)|[[Krishnakoli]] (2018)}}<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted list|[[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kar|first=Priyanka|date=11 August 2014|title=Interview: Actor Neel Bhattacharya on his Debut Film Chitra and Future Projects|url=http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2014/08/11/interview-actor-neel-bhattacharya-on-his-debut-film-chitra-and-future-projects/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915022156/http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2014/08/11/interview-actor-neel-bhattacharya-on-his-debut-film-chitra-and-future-projects/|archive-date=15 September 2019|access-date=5 July 2021|website=Sholoana Bangaliana}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Institute of Engineering and Management]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ed&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Trina Saha]]|2021}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Priyanka |title=Actors Trina Saha and Neel Bhattacharya set to tie the knot in February 2021 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/actors-trina-saha-and-neel-bhattacharya-set-to-tie-the-knot-in-february-2021/cid/1799913 |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |location=Kolkata |date=8 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | party = [[Trinamool Congress]] (2021–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=কর্মকার |first1=রজত |last2=চৌধুরী |first2=সৌমিতা |title=তৃণমূলে ফের তারকা! যোগ দিলেন টিভির জনপ্রিয় মুখ নীল-তৃণা |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/celebrity-couple-neel-bhattacharya-and-trina-saha-joining-trinamool-congress-assembly-election-269575-2021-03-20 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |publisher=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=20 March 2021 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Neel Bhattacharya''' (born 8 June 1990)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Neel Bhattacharya: The Upcoming Star Of Bengali Serials And Movies – The Hindustan Express |url=https://thehindustanexpress.co.in/neel-bhattacharya-the-upcoming-star-of-bengali-serials-and-movies/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian television actor. He started his career in television as a lead actor through [[Thik Jeno Love Story|''Thik Jeno Love Story'']]&lt;ref name=&quot;a&quot;/&gt; and is well known for portraying the character of Prwithwijit Deb in ''[[Stree (TV series)|Stree]] and'' Nikhil in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Neel Bhattacharya-Tiyasha Roy starrer 'Krishnakoli' tops the TRP charts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/neel-bhattacharya-tiyasha-roy-starrer-krishnakoli-tops-the-trp-charts/articleshow/77927795.cms |work=The Times of India |date=4 September 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Beside working in TV [[soap operas]], Neel has also acted in a few Bengali movies, notably ''Chitra''&lt;ref name=&quot;b&quot;/&gt; and ''Lokkhyo.''&lt;ref name=&quot;c&quot;/&gt; He has also performed as the lead male actor in many music videos like ''Chaina'' (Don't want), composed and sung by [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Shaan in Bengali music video 'Chaina' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/shaan-in-bengali-music-video-china-880018.html |access-date=1 February 2021 |work=Deccan Herald |date=30 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Yeh Dil Hai Bekarar'' by [[Benny Dayal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Nishantika |title=রাজা রানী রাজি তো ক্যা ক্যারেগা কাজী ! |url=https://www.gulgal.com/music/benny-dayal-first-bengali-single-video-yeh-dil-hain-bekarar/ |work=Gulgal.com |date=3 July 2017|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Television==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Language<br /> !Channel<br /> ! Production company(s)<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2014–2015<br /> |''[[Thik Jeno Love Story]]''<br /> | Adidev Bose / Adi<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[Bengali Language|Bengali]]<br /> | [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Fresh faces on TV's latest love story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/Fresh-faces-on-TVs-latest-love-story/articleshow/45034356.cms |work=The Times of India |issue=5 November 2014 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | 2016–2018<br /> |''[[Stree (TV series)|Stree]]'' <br /> | Prwithwijit Deb / Aksar Sen <br /> |rowspan=3| [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | [[Blues Productions]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=নীলের মুম্বইপাড়ি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/neel-bhattacharya-to-fly-mumbai-to-prepare-himself-for-national-level-1.711158 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=22 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2018–2022<br /> | ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> | Nikhil Choudhury<br /> |rowspan=3|Tent Cinema<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ruman |first1=Ganguly |title=Neel Bhattacharya relates to his character in Krishnakoli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/neel-bhattacharya-relates-to-his-character-in-krishnakoli/articleshow/64930035.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 July 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021–2022<br /> | ''[[Uma (TV series)|Uma]]''<br /> | Abhimanyu Acharya aka Abhi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Sampita |title='কৃষ্ণকলি'-তে নিখিলের পাঠ চুকিয়ে 'উমা'-তে আবির্ভাব নীলের? |url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-news/actor-neel-bhattacharya-all-set-for-his-new-mega-serial-uma/articleshow/84234980.cms |work=[[Ei Samay Sangbadpatra|EI Samay]] |date=8 July 2021 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |title=Neel Bhattacharya: একসঙ্গে দু'টি লিড |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/neel-bhattacharya-in-two-lead-roles-for-two-bengali-serials/cid/1300149 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=25 August 2021|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022–2023<br /> | ''[[Bangla Medium]]''<br /> |Vikram Chatterjee aka Vicky<br /> | [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sammadar |first1=Tulika |title='কৃষ্ণকলি' নীল-তিয়াসা ছাড়লেন জি বাংলা! স্টার জলসার নতুন মেগা 'বাংলা মিডিয়াম' |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/neel-bhattacharya-and-tiyasha-s-new-serial-bangla-medium-is-coming-on-star-jalsha-31665811086268.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] Bangla |date=15 October 2022 |language=bn}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2024–2025<br /> |''Amar Sangee''<br /> |Raj Ghoshal <br /> |[[Zee Bangla]]<br /> |Nideas Creations<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2025–2026<br /> |''Bhole Baba Par Karega''<br /> |Dr. Shakya Chatterjee <br /> | [[Bengali Language|Bengali]]<br /> |[[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Language<br /> ! {{Refh}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2012<br /> | ''[[Paanch Adhyay]]''<br /> | [[Cameo appearance|Cameo]] as football player<br /> | Bengali<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | ''Chitra'' <br /> | <br /> | Bengali<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;b&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Chitra (2015) – Review, Star Cast, News, Photos |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/chitra-34069 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707172444/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/chitra-34069 |url-status=live |archive-date=7 July 2019 |website=www.cinestaan.com |publisher=Cinestaan |access-date=1 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2018<br /> | ''Dariya'' ''(Short film)''<br /> | <br /> | Hindi<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=ভট্টাচার্য |first1=স্বরলিপি |title=রামের জীবনে রায়না এল, তার পর... |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/a-new-short-film-named-dariya-is-coming-dgtl-1.886287 |access-date=15 March 2021 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=28 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2020<br /> | ''Lokkhyo'' <br /> | <br /> | Bengali<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;c&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Soumojit Adak's next 'Lokkhyo' is a crime thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/soumojit-adaks-next-lokkhyo-is-a-crime-thriller/articleshow/76972922.cms |access-date=1 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |issue=15 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> |''Sentimentaaal'' <br /> |Special Appearance<br /> |Bengali<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Sentimentaaal: Neel Bhattacharya joins Nussrat and Yash. Is Trina the ‘Soda girl’? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-sentimentaaal-neel-bhattacharya-joins-nussrat-and-yash-is-trina-the-soda-girl/0e785c75db320 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television movies===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Language<br /> ! Comments<br /> |-<br /> | 2016<br /> | Selfier Phande <br /> | <br /> | Bengali<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Selfie'r Phandey (2016) TV Movie |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/selfier-phandey/0-0-selfierphande |website=www.zee5.com |publisher=[[ZEE5]] |access-date=1 February 2021|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Name<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | Tele Academy Award 2015 <br /> | Best New face<br /> |As ''Adi'' in ''Thik Jeno Love Story''<br /> |-<br /> | 2018<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| [[Zee Bangla]] ''Sonar Sansar''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Best Chele<br /> |As ''Prithwiraj'' in ''[[Stree (TV series)|Stree]]''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2019<br /> |As ''Nikhil'' in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> |-<br /> | Best Jodi<br /> |As ''Nikhil-Shyama'' in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2020<br /> | Best Chele&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Meet The Winners Of Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar Award 2020 |url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/meet-the-winners-of-zee-bangla-sonar-sansar-award-2020 |work=ZEE5 News |agency=[[Zee Bangla]] |date=23 March 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|As ''Nikhil'' in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> |-<br /> | Digital Influencer of the Year<br /> |-<br /> | Best Jodi<br /> |As ''Nikhil-Shyama'' in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2021<br /> | Best Actor<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| ''Nikhil'' in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> |-<br /> | Best Chele<br /> |-<br /> | Best Jodi<br /> | ''Nikhil-Shyama'' in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> |West Bengal Telly Academy Awards 2023<br /> | Sera Juti<br /> | Indira-Bikram in ''Bangla Medium''<br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]] ''Sonar Sansar''<br /> | Best Chele<br /> |As ''Raj'' in ''Amar Sangee''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2019<br /> | Tele Academy Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tele Academy Award Ceremony – 2019 |url=https://wb.gov.in/government-cm-events-details-new.aspx?id=E191021185833255&amp;event=Tele-Academy-Award-Ceremony |website=wb.gov.in |publisher=Government of West Bengal |access-date=1 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | Best Couple&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=MP |first1=Team |title=Most people watch more serials than news: CM |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/most-people-watch-more-serials-than-news-cm-373154 |access-date=30 January 2021 |work=www.millenniumpost.in |date=6 September 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |title=টেলি অ্যাকাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড-এ শ্রেষ্ঠ সিরিয়াল 'ফাগুন বউ', জনপ্রিয়তম সিরিয়াল 'কৃষ্ণকলি' |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/tele-academy-award-2019-check-out-the-winner-list-dgtl-1.1042011 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=6 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |As ''Nikhil'' in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> |-<br /> | Shyama Prasad Bangiya Samman&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=दो नवंबर को टॉलीवुड हस्तियों को भाजपा देगी श्यामप्रसाद शरद सम्मान |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/west-bengal/calcutta/1344869 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=30 October 2019 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | Best Jodi<br /> |As ''Nikhil'' in ''[[Krishnakoli]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> | Tele Academy Award 2025 <br /> | Best Son<br /> |As ''Shakya'' in ''Bhole Baba Par Karega''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|7434053}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattacharya, Neel}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Bengali male television actors]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1990 births]]<br /> [[Category:St. Xavier's College, Kolkata alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali male actors]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijay_Nagar_metro_station&diff=544402 2026-03-07T18:48:13Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: adding a details needs work</p> <hr /> <div><br /> {{notability|date=January 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{short description|Ahmedabad Metro's Red Line metro station}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = Vijay Nagar<br /> | style = Ahmedabad Metro<br /> | type = {{Ahmedabad Metro Infobox station line|line=Red}}<br /> | image = Vijay Nagar Metro Station Ahmedabad Metro.jpg<br /> | caption = Exterior<br /> | address = Sardar Colony, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380013<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23.05618|72.56239|display=inline,title}}<br /> | owned = [[Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]<br /> | operator = [[Ahmedabad Metro]]<br /> | lines = {{rcb|Ahmedabad Metro|Red|croute}}<br /> | platforms = [[Side platform]]&lt;br/&gt;Platform-1 → [[Mahatma Mandir metro station|Mahatma Mandir]] or[[GIFT City metro station|GIFT City]] / {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|GIFT City}}&lt;br/&gt;Platform-2 → [[APMC metro station|APMC]]<br /> | tracks = 2<br /> | structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]<br /> | levels = 2<br /> | accessible = Yes {{access icon}}<br /> | status = Operational<br /> | opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|6 October 2022}}<br /> | electrified = 750 V DC [[third rail]]<br /> | services = {{adjacent stations|system=Ahmedabad Metro|line=Red|right=Vadaj|to-right=Mahatma Mandir or GIFT City|left=Usmanpura|to-left=APMC}}<br /> | map_type = <br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_dot_label = <br /> | route_map = {{Red Line (Ahmedabad Metro)}}<br /> | map_state = collapsed<br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> | mapframe-marker = rail<br /> | mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}<br /> | mapframe-zoom = 14<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Vijay Nagar''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South Corridor of the [[Red Line (Ahmedabad Metro)|Red Line]] of [[Ahmedabad Metro]] in [[Ahmedabad]], India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=Ahmedabad: Metro service on North-South corridor to begin on October 6 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-metro-service-on-north-south-corridor-to-begin-on-october-6-8188276/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Around this metro station holds the main [[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]] neighbourhood. This metro station was inaugurated on 30 September 2022 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and was opened to the public on 6 October 2022.{{cn|date=January 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Station layout==<br /> [[File:Vijay Nagar Metro Station 2.jpg|thumb|Platform 2]]<br /> {{stack|{{Routemap<br /> | title = Vijay Nagar track layout<br /> | title-bg = #{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}<br /> | legend = track<br /> | collapsible = no<br /> | map = vCONTgfa<br /> cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|Vadaj}}<br /> *'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''<br /> cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|Usmanpura}}<br /> vCONTgfe<br /> | bottom = &lt;div style=&quot;width:23.5em;text-align:center&quot;&gt;Station with two tracks and two side platforms&lt;/div&gt;<br /> }}}}<br /> {|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3<br /> |style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''G'''<br /> |style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Street level<br /> |style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|'''L1'''<br /> |valign=top|Mezzanine<br /> |valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover&lt;br/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''<br /> |style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Side platform]]&lt;nowiki&gt; | Doors will open on the left &lt;/nowiki&gt;{{access icon}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}&quot;&gt;'''Platform 2'''&lt;br /&gt;'''Southbound'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=500|Towards → [[APMC metro station|APMC]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Next Station:''' [[Usmanpura metro station|Usmanpura]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |&lt;span style=&quot;color:#{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}&quot;&gt;'''Platform 1'''&lt;br /&gt;'''Northbound'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |Towards ← [[Mahatma Mandir metro station|Mahatma Mandir]] / [[GIFT City metro station|GIFT City]]<br /> &lt;small&gt;'''Next Station:''' [[Vadaj metro station|Vadaj]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; colspan=2 align=center|&lt;small&gt;[[Side platform]]&lt;nowiki&gt; | Doors will open on the left &lt;/nowiki&gt;{{access icon}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''<br /> |style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100|<br /> |style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=500|<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Ahmedabad]]<br /> * [[Gujarat]]<br /> * [[List of Ahmedabad Metro stations]]<br /> * [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid transit in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Official website|https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/passenger-information/time-table/|name=Ahmedabad Metro Official Website}}<br /> * {{Official website|https://yometro.com/ahmedabad-metro-23|name=Ahmedabad Metro stations' details}}<br /> <br /> {{Ahmedabad Metro navbox}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ahmedabad Metro stations]]<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]<br /> [[Category:2022 establishments in Gujarat]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=MV_Princess_Miral&diff=514130 2026-03-04T18:46:50Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: made the info added tags.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Turkish cargo ship}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox ship<br /> |section1={{Infobox ship/image<br /> | image = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> |section2={{Infobox ship/career<br /> | country = {{nowrap|Belize}}<br /> | flag = {{shipboxflag|Belize}}<br /> | name = *''Sun Bright'' (1990)<br /> *''Bright Pescadores'' (1997)<br /> *''ID Leader'' (1999)<br /> *''Lin Yang'' (2003)<br /> *''Princess Miral''<br /> | namesake = <br /> | builder = <br /> | yard_number = <br /> | identification = *{{IMO|9016727}}<br /> | laid_down = <br /> | launched = 11 June 1990<br /> | commissioned = <br /> | honors = <br /> | fate = <br /> | ordered = <br /> | registry = {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Belize]]<br /> | owner = {{flagicon|Turkey}} 7 Ocean Shipping<br /> }}<br /> <br /> |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics<br /> | hide_header = <br /> | class = General [[cargo ship]]<br /> | tonnage = *{{DWT|8,975}}<br /> *{{GT|5,552}}<br /> | length = {{convert|98|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br /> | beam = {{convert|19|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br /> | draft = <br /> | propulsion = <br /> | speed = <br /> | range = <br /> | power = <br /> | sensors = <br /> | EW = <br /> | armament = <br /> | armour = <br /> | crew = <br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> }}'''MV ''Princess Miral''''' was a [[Belize|Belizian]]-flagged, [[Turkey|Turkish]]-owned cargo ship which ran aground and sank off the coast of India in June 2022.<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> ''Princess Miral'' was a general cargo ship with a summer deadweight of {{DWT|8,975}} and a gross tonnage of {{GT|5,552}}. It was {{Convert|98|m|ft}} long and {{Convert|19|m|ft}} wide.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=PRINCESS MIRAL, General Cargo Ship - Details and current position - IMO 9016727 - VesselFinder |url=https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/PRINCESS-MIRAL-IMO-9016727-MMSI-312521000 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.vesselfinder.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The ship was built in 1990 as '''''Sun Bright''''', and was renamed several times over the course of its career to '''''Bright Pescadores''''', '''''ID Leader''''', '''''Lin Yang''''', and finally ''Princess Miral''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Sinking ===<br /> On 20 June 2022, ''Princess Miral'' was transiting off the coast of [[Ullal]], India, while carrying a cargo of steel coils from [[Malaysia]] to [[Lebanon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 June 2022 |title=Mangaluru: Cargo ship MV ''Princess Miral'' from which Syrians were rescued sinks |work=Daiji World |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=971808 |access-date=29 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; During severe weather, the ship sustained a serious hull breach towards its front and was taking on water, and it was [[Ship grounding|grounded]] in order to prevent sinking. The next day, its 15 Syrian crewmembers were successfully evacuated from the ship by [[Indian Coast Guard]] [[Search and rescue|search-and-rescue]] teams on the ships ''[[ICGS Vikram|Vikram]]'' and ''[[ICGS Amartya|Amartya]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Naina |first=J.A. |date=21 June 2022 |title=Indian Coast Guard rescues 15 Syrian mariners from stranded ship |work=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/karnataka-districts/indian-coast-guard-rescues-15-syrian-mariners-from-stranded-ship-1120170.html |access-date=28 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 June 2022 |title=Indian Coast Guard rescues 15 Syrian mariners off New Mangaluru |work=Daiji World |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=971271 |access-date=30 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The crew were transported to a foreigners' detention facility in [[Nelamangala]], to be eventually repatriated to their own country.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> By 22 June, the ship was still grounded, and its owner was attempting to organize a rescue operation to save it. Additionally, salvage teams arrived from [[Mumbai]] to assess the possibility of salvaging the cargo of steel coils. However, the ship sunk completely on 23 June before any rescue could be organized. Instead, a Singapore-based agency began to investigate ways to extract the remaining 220 tonnes of fuel from the ship in order to prevent a [[Oil spill|spill]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 June 2022 |title=MV Princess Miral: Oil spill threat from sunken foreign ship, Coast Guard campaign to tackle potential marine pollution |work=Pipa News |url=https://pipanews.com/mv-princess-miral-oil-spill-threat-from-sunken-foreign-ship-coast-guard-campaign-to-tackle-potential-marine-pollution/ |access-date=30 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As part of the efforts to contain pollution, India dispatched two aircraft and eight ships to the site of the shipwreck, including the pollution control vessel ''[[ICGS Samudra Pavak|Samudra Pavak]].'' By 24 June, only minor oil leakage was detected from the engine and water tanks.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; On 25 June, ''Samudra Pavak'' arrived at the shipwreck and [[Boom (containment)|containment booms]] were placed at the mouth of a nearby river to prevent contamination.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dixon |first=Gary |date=27 June 2022 |title=India on alert for pollution after Turkish cargo ship sinks |work=TradeWinds News |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/india-on-alert-for-pollution-after-turkish-cargo-ship-sinks/2-1-1246088 |access-date=30 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Crew Abandonment ===<br /> On 4 June, the crew declared themselves officially abandoned, after receiving no wages for a period of at least two months. According to the UN [[International Labour Organization|International Labor Organisation]], the Ship Operator attempted to make the crew sign fake wage receipts to demonstrate that they had been paid,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Database on reported incidents of abandonment of seafarers - Details for IMO9016727 (2022-06-21) |url=https://www.ilo.org/dyn/seafarers/seafarersbrowse.details?p_lang=en&amp;p_abandonment_id=672&amp;p_search_id=220819130626 |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=www.ilo.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; threatening to withhold their repatriation until they had done so.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{2022 shipwrecks}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Princess Miral}}<br /> [[Category:1990 ships]]<br /> [[Category:Maritime incidents in 2022]]<br /> [[Category:Cargo ships of Turkey]]<br /> [[Category:Shipwrecks of India]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aswamedham_(film)&diff=488149 2026-03-03T18:19:53Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: New Post - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Aswamedham<br /> | image = Image_of_Aswamedham.jpg<br /> | alt = &lt;!-- see WP:ALT --&gt;<br /> | caption = Audio Cover<br /> | writer = Satyanand &lt;br/&gt; {{small|(story / dialogues)}}<br /> | screenplay = [[Yandamuri Veerendranath]]<br /> | producer = [[Aswani Dutt|C. Aswini Dutt]]<br /> | director = [[Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao|K. Raghavendra Rao]]<br /> | starring = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Sobhan Babu|Shobhan Babu]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Meena (actress)|Meena]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Nagma]]<br /> | music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ajayan Vincent]]<br /> | editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]<br /> | studio = [[Vyjayanthi Movies]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1992|12|25}}<br /> | runtime = 148 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Aswamedham''''' is a 1992 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language action drama film directed by [[Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao|K. Raghavendra Rao]]. It stars [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Sobhan Babu]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Nagma]] and music composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://chithr.com/movie/cast/334/ashwamedham-cast.html |title=Aswamedham Movie Cast |publisher=Chithr.com |access-date=2012-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913132017/http://chithr.com/movie/cast/334/aswamedham-cast.html |archive-date=13 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinejosh.com/news/3/34900/balakrishna-hits-and-flops.html|title = Balakrishna's Hits and Flops| date=11 June 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It was produced by [[C. Aswani Dutt]] under the [[Vyjayanthi Movies]] banner. The film was commercially successful.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2002 |title=Interview with Aswini Dutt by Jeevi |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/inter_aswinidutt1.html |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=Idlebrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was dubbed into [[Hindi]] as ''Akhiri Intaqam'' and into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Dharma Bhoomi''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Cinecurry|title=Aakhri Inteqam {{!}} Nagma Movies {{!}} South Indian Movies Dubbed In Hindi|date=2016-06-29|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svLcjPt1YGo|access-date=2018-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=K. Vijiyan|title=Aimed at fans of rising stars Nagma and Meena|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AFpIAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=YiEEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1286%2C1837166|access-date=13 November 2019|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=25 February 1995}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The film begins with SP Abhimanyu, a lion-hearted cop, capturing a satanic terrorist, Vyaghra. Accordingly, the police department is bedazzled with pride and honors his staunch. Abhimanyu builds a jollity world with his pregnant wife Lakshmi and gallant brother Kiriti. After a while, Vyaghra absconds with the aid of his acolytes Rayudu and Avinash. Sowjanya, an investigative journalist, is behind these treacherous to bring their rackets to light. In that operation, she is often acquainted with Kiriti in contretemps and extricated by him when they fall in love. <br /> <br /> However, Kiriti &amp; Sowjanya get ahead in providing all the pieces of evidence against Vyaghra to Abhimanyu, for which he abducts Lakshmi. Abhimanyu &amp; Kiriti backfire on him and shield Lakshmi when Abhimanyu eliminates Vyaghra. As a startle, Vyaghra returns, proclaiming as Sunil Vyaghra, the twin brother of deceased Anil Vyaghra. Thus far, they have managed to portray themselves as one and deceive the world. Now, Vyaghra-II explodes with vengeance and pledges to destroy Abhimanyu &amp; Kiriti. He victimizes Abhimanyu as a traitor before the department by backstabbing his friend, DSP Giri, when he receives severe ignominy. Kiriti toils to acquit him, but in vain, and benumbed Abhimanyu makes self-sacrifice. In tandem, he is blessed with a baby boy. <br /> <br /> Hence, Kiriti ignites Vyaghra when they hard-hit him. Dr. Bharati, Kiriti's childhood friend, saves him. Indeed, she too loves Kiriti but backs out, conscious of his love interest in Sowjanya. Then, Vyaghra makes a vast conspiracy to destroy the country. Moreover, aware of Kiriti's survival, he plots by injecting him with a slow-killing poison within 24 hours and affirms his cabal. Despite a turbulent situation, Kiriti pulls up his vigor and starts his mission of spree killing. Bharati accompanies him to boost his strength and help him recover. At last, Kiriti ceases Vyaghra, and Bharati rescues him. Finally, the movie ends with Kiriti paying the nation homage to Abhimanyu.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as Kireeti<br /> *[[Sobhan Babu]] as Abhimanyu IPS<br /> *[[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Dr. Bharathi (Voice Dubbed by Roja Ramani)<br /> *[[Nagma]] as Sowjanya (Voice Dubbed by Saritha)<br /> *[[Amrish Puri]] as Anil Vyaghra &amp; Sunil Vyaghra (Dual role)<br /> *[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Rayudu<br /> *[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Tataji<br /> *[[Brahmanandam]] as Sivanandam<br /> *[[Babu Mohan]] as Kannayah<br /> *[[Radha Ravi]] as Avinash <br /> *[[Prasad Babu]] as Inspector Giri<br /> *[[Geetha (actress)|Geeta]] as Lakshmi<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Ashwamedham<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 1992<br /> | recorded =1992<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = Soundtrack<br /> | length = 32:26<br /> | label = Surya Music<br /> | producer = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Chanti (1992 film)|Chanti]]<br /> | prev_year = 1992<br /> | next_title = [[Dharmakshetram]]<br /> | next_year = 1992<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Music composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://musicmazaa.com/telugu/audiosongs/movie/Aswamedham.html |title=Aswamedham audio songs online &amp;#124; Download Ashwamedham Songs mp3 codes &amp;#124; Aswamedham music review &amp;#124; Listen to Aswamedham songs |date=14 January 1992 |publisher=MusicMazaa.com |access-date=2012-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lyrics written by [[Veturi]]. Music released on Surya Music Company.<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | collapsed = <br /> | headline = <br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 32:26<br /> | all_writing = <br /> | all_lyrics = <br /> | all_music = <br /> | writing_credits = <br /> | lyrics_credits = <br /> | music_credits = <br /> | title1 = Jhum Chaku Chaku<br /> | extra1 = [[S. Janaki]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> | length1 = 5:21<br /> | title2 = O Prema<br /> | extra2 = [[Asha Bhosle]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> | length2 = 5:43<br /> | title3 = Seethakalam Premaku<br /> | extra3 = Asha Bhosle, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> | length3 = 5:05<br /> | title4 = Cheppana Unna Pani<br /> | extra4 = S. Janaki, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> | length4 = 5:08<br /> | title5 = Guntalakidi Ghuma<br /> | extra5 = [[K. S. Chithra]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> | length5 = 5:06<br /> | title6 = Em Debba Teesavura<br /> | extra6 = S. Janaki, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> | length6 = 5:11<br /> | title7 = <br /> | length7 = <br /> | title8 = <br /> | length8 = <br /> | title9 = <br /> | length9 = <br /> | title10 = <br /> | length10 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|0257416|Ashwamedham}}<br /> <br /> {{K. Raghavendra Rao}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1992 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> [[Category:1992 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Vyjayanthi Movies films]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vizha&diff=545082 2026-03-03T03:29:13Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: adding first stub needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Barathi Balakumaran}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Vizha<br /> | image = Vizha.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | alt = <br /> | director = Barathi Balakumaran<br /> | producer = [[Rama Narayanan]]&lt;br/&gt;Sunir Kheterpal&lt;br/&gt;K.G.Jayavel&lt;br/&gt;Balamurugan<br /> | starring = [[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Malavika Menon]]<br /> | writer = Barathi Balakumaran<br /> | music = [[James Vasanthan]]<br /> | cinematography = [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]<br /> | editing = [[Praveen K. L.]]&lt;br/&gt;[[N. B. Srikanth]]<br /> | studio = [[Sri Thenandal Films]]&lt;br/&gt;Azure Entertainment&lt;br/&gt;JV Media Dreams<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|12|27}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Vizha''''' ({{Translation|Festival}}) is a 2013 [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by Barathi Balakumaran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S. R. Ashok Kumar |date=2013-11-10 |title=Audio Beat: Vizha - Tunes that will touch a chord |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-vizha-tunes-that-will-touch-a-chord/article5333256.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216210330/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-vizha-tunes-that-will-touch-a-chord/article5333256.ece |archive-date=16 December 2013 |access-date=2013-12-23 |newspaper=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars [[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]] and [[Malavika Menon]]. The film, based on the award-winning short film ''Uthiri'', portrays the love story of Sundaram (Mahendran), who plays the [[thappu]] instrument at death functions, and Rakkamma (Malavika), an [[oppari]] singer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Vizha: storytelling with a difference |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vizha-storytelling-with-a-difference/articleshow/27797767.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224225746/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vizha-storytelling-with-a-difference/articleshow/27797767.cms |archive-date=24 December 2013 |access-date=2013-12-23 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Extensively shot in [[Madurai]] and several scenes were shots on Ayyanputhur (A small village near Ordnance Estate, Trichy), [[Tiruchirappalli]] district, it has music composed by [[James Vasanthan]], while U. K. Senthilkumar worked as the cinematographer and [[Praveen K. L.]]-[[N. B. Srikanth]] edited the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-15 |title=Vizha-First look revealed |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vizha-first-look-revealed-news-tamil-nkpjFzjeeah.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017023231/http://www.sify.com/movies/vizha-first-look-revealed-news-tamil-nkpjFzjeeah.html |archive-date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2013-12-23 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Vizha'' was produced by [[Rama Narayanan]] and Sunir Kheterpal for Sri Thenandal Films, Azure Entertainment and JV Media Dreams.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-12-08 |title=I had complete belief in Vizha's script: Barathi |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-08/news-interviews/44940900_1_award-winning-short-film-rama-narayanan-mahendran |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113649/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-08/news-interviews/44940900_1_award-winning-short-film-rama-narayanan-mahendran |archive-date=2013-12-24 |access-date=2013-12-23 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It released on 27 December 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Vizha: storytelling with a difference |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vizha-storytelling-with-a-difference/articleshow/27797767.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224225746/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vizha-storytelling-with-a-difference/articleshow/27797767.cms |archive-date=24 December 2013 |access-date=2013-12-23 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]] as Sundaram<br /> * [[Malavika Menon]] as Rakkamma<br /> * [[Yugendran]] as Manimaaran<br /> * [[Kalloori Vinoth]] as Pusa<br /> * [[Kaali Venkat]] as Pandidurai <br /> * [[Kadhal Dhandapani]]<br /> * Kollangudi Karuppayi<br /> * Theni Murugan<br /> * Pillaiyarpati Jayalakshmi<br /> * Smile Selva<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Vizha<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[James Vasanthan]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 2013<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = <br /> | label = <br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = [[Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA]]<br /> | prev_year = 2013<br /> | next_title = [[Azhagumagan]]<br /> | next_year = 2013<br /> }}<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[James Vasanthan]].<br /> *&quot;Madura Ennum&quot; - Anthakudu ilaiyaraja, Dakshayini<br /> *&quot;Sethu Po&quot; - [[Gaana Bala]], Theodore, Sunandhan<br /> *&quot;Ennacho Edacho&quot; - Lathakrishna<br /> *&quot;Ennatha Solla&quot; - Lathakrishna, D. Sathyaprakash<br /> *&quot;Sollama Kollama&quot; - Raghuram, Lathakrishna<br /> *&quot;Nenjadichu Ninnene&quot; - Lathakrishna<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|3506216}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:Features based on short films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Madurai]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by James Vasanthan]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vivegam&diff=453533 2026-03-03T03:14:34Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: updated details</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2017 film directed by Siva}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Vivegam poster.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Siva (director)|Siva]]<br /> | producer = [[Sathya Jyothi Films|T. G. Thyagarajan&lt;br /&gt;Sendhil Thyagarajan&lt;br /&gt;Arjun Thyagarajan]]<br /> | writer = Siva&lt;br /&gt;[[Kabilan Vairamuthu]]&lt;br /&gt;Aadhi Narayana<br /> | starring = [[Ajith Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Vivek Oberoi]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kajal Aggarwal]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Akshara Haasan]]<br /> | music = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Vetri (cinematographer)|Vetri Palanisamy]]<br /> | editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]<br /> | studio = [[Sathya Jyothi Films]]<br /> | distributor = Sathya Jyothi Films<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|08|24}}<br /> | runtime = 142 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = {{INR}}100–130 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=31 July 2017 |title=Cleared with UA certificate, Ajith's Vivegam to finally hit screens on August 24 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/cleared-with-ua-certificate-ajith-s-vivegam-to-finally-hit-screens-on-august-24/story-CllfFq8e180RQpk1OkXkBL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807044805/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/cleared-with-ua-certificate-ajith-s-vivegam-to-finally-hit-screens-on-august-24/story-CllfFq8e180RQpk1OkXkBL.html |archive-date=7 August 2017 |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IndiaTodayFinancial&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |title=Vivegam-box office- collection Worldwide: Ajith Kumar &amp; Siva Kajal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-box-office-collection-thala-ajith-kumar-siva-kajal-1038094-2017-09-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929224818/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-box-office-collection-thala-ajith-kumar-siva-kajal-1038094-2017-09-05 |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=5 October 2017 |magazine=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 August 2017 |title=Vivegam box office collection Day 2: Ajith starrer collects over Rs 60 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vivegam-box-office-collection-day-2-ajith-starrer-collects-over-rs-60-crore-4814879/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013133340/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vivegam-box-office-collection-day-2-ajith-starrer-collects-over-rs-60-crore-4814879/ |archive-date=13 October 2022 |access-date=13 October 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 August 2017 |title=Will Ajith's Vivegam beat Rajinikanth's Kabali record at the box office? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/will-ajith-s-vivegam-beat-rajinikanth-s-kabali-record-at-the-box-office/story-bX3vWAwx92042h9vCzNmcO.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622004855/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/will-ajith-s-vivegam-beat-rajinikanth-s-kabali-record-at-the-box-office/story-bX3vWAwx92042h9vCzNmcO.html |archive-date=22 June 2018 |access-date=4 June 2018 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR}}125.2–167 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 January 2019 |title=Viswasam becomes Ajith's highest grossing film after beating Vivegam; F2 hauls in Rs 85 cr worldwide |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/viswasam-becomes-ajiths-highest-grossing-film-after-beating-vivegam-f2-hauls-in-rs-85-cr-worldwide-5945221.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613062745/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/viswasam-becomes-ajiths-highest-grossing-film-after-beating-vivegam-f2-hauls-in-rs-85-cr-worldwide-5945221.html |archive-date=13 June 2023 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India Today ₹160 crore |date=10 September 2017 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-box-office-collection-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-1041594-2017-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613060715/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-box-office-collection-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-1041594-2017-09-10 |archive-date=13 June 2023 |access-date=13 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 October 2017 |title=Except Baahubali: The Conclusion and Vivegam, no movie holds this box office record; find out |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/after-baahubali-the-conclusion-thala-ajith-kumars-vivegam-is-the-only-movie-to-achieve-this-record-find-out-what-it-is/886602/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119053849/http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/after-baahubali-the-conclusion-thala-ajith-kumars-vivegam-is-the-only-movie-to-achieve-this-record-find-out-what-it-is/886602/ |archive-date=19 November 2017 |access-date=28 December 2017 |publisher=Financial Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Vivegam''''' ({{translation|[[Prudence]]}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil-language|Tamil]]-language [[action film|action thriller film]] directed by [[Siva (director)|Siva]] and produced by [[Sathya Jyothi Films]]. It stars [[Ajith Kumar]], alongside [[Vivek Oberoi]], [[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Akshara Haasan]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]], [[Aarav Chowdhary]], [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]] and [[Sharat Saxena]]. The film marks the Tamil debuts of Vivek Oberoi and Akshara Haasan. The music was composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]], and cinematography and editing handled by [[Vetri (cinematographer)|Vetri]] and [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]].<br /> <br /> ''Vivegam'' was released worldwide on 24 August 2017 to mixed reviews from critics and was an average grosser at the [[box office]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=31 July 2017 |title=Ajith's Vivegam passes the censor board test, gets a release date |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/ajith-vivegam-passes-the-censor-board-test-gets-a-release-date-4776150/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731182755/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/ajith-vivegam-passes-the-censor-board-test-gets-a-release-date-4776150/ |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=1 August 2017 |work=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Ajay &quot;AK&quot; Kumar, a former [[Counterterrorism|CTS]] officer, intercepts an arms deal between the [[Secretary (title)|General Secretary]] of [[Europol]] police and the head of a [[Russian mafia]] gang in a dense [[Serbia]]n forest and escapes with the weapons drive after eliminating the military personnel in the forest. The CTS agency learns that AK is alive after being presumed dead in a mission, where they had assigned AK's best friends and colleagues Michael, Rachael, Shawn, and Aryan to track down AK.<br /> <br /> '''Past''': AK live a happy life with his wife Yazhini, who owns and manages an Indian restaurant. Their life is interrupted by a mission to trace Natasha, an outlaw [[hacker]] from [[Bulgaria]] who was responsible for cracking the security codes of the [[plutonium]] weapons. There has already been three man-made seismic activities caused by the explosion of plutonium bombs. Natasha is wanted by the [[International Criminal Police Organization|Interpol]], [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and various other terrorist groups around the world for her hacking skills. AK's mission is to secure Natasha, thereby preventing two future seismic quakes targeted in India. AK heads to Serbia in search of Natasha and is guided by local translator Arumai ''APS'' Prakasam. <br /> <br /> AK interrogates the hospital doctors in the city and finds that Natasha had undergone [[plastic surgery]]. An [[Albanian mafia|Albanian gang]] captures Natasha's boyfriend and tortures him to death. With the help of the [[pacemaker]] found in Natasha's boyfriend's body, AK traces Natasha and moves her to a safe house. Natasha was unaware that the code she decrypted was that of a [[nuclear weapon]]. She felt guilty and proposed to defuse the remaining weapons from a [[neutrino]] site. On their way to the site, Natasha gets killed by a group of terrorists, while Aryan, Michael, Rachael, and Shawn ambush AK. However, AK survives the ambush and recovers in the forest, where he retrieves the weapons drive during the arms exchange deal in the Serbian forest.<br /> <br /> '''Present''': Aryan hires a group of assassins to kill Yazhini, but AK neutralizes the assassins and saves her. AK traps Rachael and Michael in a network of [[Rapid transit|subway train]] tunnels, where he manages to kill them. Later, AK learns that Aryan and his teammates belong to a [[Shadow government (conspiracy theory)|shadow government]], which controls the economy of the world by war manipulation. With Yazhini's help, AK infiltrates into the CTS headquarters, where he meets Shawn and tortures him regarding the coordinates of buried weapon's location. Shawn gets killed by a time-bomb watch, while AK gets saved by Yazhini. <br /> <br /> Aryan, as a CTS officer and shadow government agent, forces AK and Yazhini into hiding by blaming AK as a wanted terrorist. AK releases a video challenging Aryan and the CTS officers to save Aryan from being assassinated. Aryan is provided security and is not allowed to leave the building until the next 24 hours. Aryan escapes from the security by secretly killing his own guards. AK tries to stop the nuclear weapon from blasting by turning off the [[satellite]]s by powerhub. <br /> <br /> To prevent AK from continuing his job, Aryan kidnaps Yazhini and keeps her in a secret place. Aryan asks AK whether he will save Yazhini or stop the bomb. AK seeks proof for her kidnapping and Yazhini provides him with her location using [[morse code]]. AK arrives at the place, where he prevents the plutonium weapon from exploding and kills Aryan. AK, Yazhini, and their baby daughter Natasha go for a long drive, where a mission is assigned for AK.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Ajith Kumar]] as Ajay Kumar (AK) <br /> * [[Vivek Oberoi]] as Aryan Singhania <br /> * [[Kajal Aggarwal]] as Yazhini, AK's wife<br /> * [[Akshara Haasan]] as Natasha<br /> * [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as Arumai Prakasam (APS)<br /> * Amila Terzimehić as Rachael<br /> * Serge Crozon-Cazin as Michael<br /> * [[Aarav Chowdhary]] as Shawn<br /> * [[Swaminathan]] as Waiter<br /> * [[Sharat Saxena]] as Maximus<br /> * [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]] as Bharath<br /> * Billy Murali as CTS officer<br /> * [[Branka Pujić]] as Doctor<br /> * Anka Gaćeša as Doctor's assistant<br /> * [[Bojana Ordinačev]] as IT personnel<br /> * Vojislav Tomic as IT personnel<br /> * Katarina Gojkovic as Doctor<br /> * [[Miloš Timotijević]]<br /> * [[Radomir Petković]]<br /> * [[Bashar Rahal]] as Russian Mafia Gangster<br /> * Slobodan Stefanović as Albanian Leader<br /> * Joakim Tasic as Hologram Boy<br /> * Hivzo Nezirovic as Aryan's driver<br /> * Slavisa Ivanovic as Military Officer<br /> * Alexander Winters as Bandit<br /> * [[Milan Jovanović (strongman)|Milan Jovanović]] in a special appearance<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Development ===<br /> [[Anirudh Ravichander]] was the music composer for the film, while [[Vetri (cinematographer)|Vetri]] and [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]] were signed to handle the cinematography and editing respectively. [[Anu Vardhan]] designed Ajith's costumes in the film, while Kaloyan Vodenicharov and K. Ganesh Kumar were hired as action choreographers for the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 June 2016 |title='Thala 57:' Sasikumar to turn baddie in Ajith's next film? |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/thala-57-sasikumar-turn-baddie-ajiths-next-film-683961 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629151514/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/thala-57-sasikumar-turn-baddie-ajiths-next-film-683961 |archive-date=29 June 2016 |access-date=10 July 2016 |website=[[International Business Times]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2016 |title='Thala 57': Kajal Aggarwal to romance Ajith? |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/thala-57-kajal-aggarwal-romance-ajith-685976 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712183118/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/thala-57-kajal-aggarwal-romance-ajith-685976 |archive-date=12 July 2016 |access-date=10 July 2016 |website=[[International Business Times]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 October 2016 |title=AN IMPORTANT CHANGE IN AK 57 |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ajith-kajal-aggarwal-ak57-shooting-stunt-sequence-choreographed-by-ganesh-master-tamil-news-169985 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041126/https://www.indiaglitz.com/ajith-kajal-aggarwal-ak57-shooting-stunt-sequence-choreographed-by-ganesh-master-tamil-news-169985 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=25 November 2016 |website=IndiaGlitz}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's title ''Vivegam'' was announced in February 2017 and the official first-look poster was released, along with the title on 2 February 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/thala-57-ajith-flaunts-his-chiseled-physique-in-vivegam-first-look-see-pic-4503513/ Thala 57: Ajith flaunts his chiseled physique in Vivegam first look, see pic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043948/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/thala-57-ajith-flaunts-his-chiseled-physique-in-vivegam-first-look-see-pic-4503513/ |date=2 February 2017 }}. The Indian Express. Retrieved on 4 June 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/shah-rukh-khan-praises-thala-ajith-kumar-look-vivegam-958550-2017-02-02 Ajith's Vivegam look leaves Shah Rukh Khan awestruck : Celebrities, News&amp;nbsp;– India Today] . Indiatoday.intoday.in (2 February 2017). Retrieved on 4 June 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scooptimes.com/release-date/vivegam-release-date-cast-heroine-songs/7773 Vivegam Release Date, Cast, Heroine, Songs, Audio Launch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210203450/http://www.scooptimes.com/release-date/vivegam-release-date-cast-heroine-songs/7773 |date=10 February 2017 }}. Scooptimes. Retrieved on 4 June 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Filming ===<br /> [[Principal photography]] commenced in [[Slovenia]] on 1 August 2016 and it was reported that at least 70% percent of this [[action thriller]] was to be shot in [[Europe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pp1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 August 2016 |title=Kajal Aggarwal and Ajith's 'Thala57' begins rolling today! |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kajal-aggarwal-and-ajith-s-thala57-begins-rolling-today-2240059 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205052318/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kajal-aggarwal-and-ajith-s-thala57-begins-rolling-today-2240059 |archive-date=5 February 2017 |access-date=2 February 2017 |work=[[DNA India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;europe&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Srivatsan |date=4 August 2016 |title=Thala 57: Is this the plot of Ajith Kumar's upcoming thriller? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thala-57-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-akshara-haasan-plot-333199-2016-08-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131104616/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/thala-57-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-akshara-haasan-plot/1/731772.html |archive-date=31 January 2017 |access-date=2 February 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |location=[[New Delhi]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first schedule was completed in Europe and the second schedule in [[Ramoji Film City]] in [[Hyderabad]] in October 2016. The team informed that nearly 75% of the film shot was complete and the rest of the production was ongoing in [[Chennai]]. It was reported that the film was filmed on a restricted military base in [[Eastern Europe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 April 2017 |title=Vivegam shoot in restricted zone of Europe |url=https://www.top10cinema.com/article/42281/vivegam-shoot-in-restricted-zone-of-europe |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422212214/https://www.top10cinema.com/article/42281/vivegam-shoot-in-restricted-zone-of-europe |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017 |work=Top 10 Cinema |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The team completed their final shoot schedule in [[Serbia]] on such locations like [[Belgrade]] city centre, [[Museum of Aviation, Belgrade|Belgrade Museum of Aviation]] and [[Borsko jezero|Bor lake]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 July 2017 |title=Vivegam team bids adieu to Serbia |url=https://www.top10cinema.com/article/43137/vivegam-team-bids-adieu-to-serbia |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812212305/https://www.top10cinema.com/article/43137/vivegam-team-bids-adieu-to-serbia |archive-date=12 August 2017 |access-date=3 July 2017 |work=Top 10 Cinema |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 May 2017 |title=&quot;Srpska hrana je bezukusna, ali RAKIJA NIJE!&quot; Kako se u Srbiji provodi ekipa od 30 Indijaca |url=http://www.blic.rs/kultura/vesti/srpska-hrana-je-bezukusna-ali-rakija-nije-kako-se-u-srbiji-provodi-ekipa-od-30/12zdq9t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812223937/http://www.blic.rs/kultura/vesti/srpska-hrana-je-bezukusna-ali-rakija-nije-kako-se-u-srbiji-provodi-ekipa-od-30/12zdq9t |archive-date=12 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2017 |work=Blic Online |language=sr-SR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Principal photography [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] in July 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=It's a wrap for Vivegam |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/08/its-a-wrap-for-vivegam-1625637.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910224707/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/08/its-a-wrap-for-vivegam-1625637.html |archive-date=10 September 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> The music was composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]] in his second collaboration with [[Siva (director)|Siva]] and [[Ajith Kumar]] after ''[[Vedalam]]''. The soundtrack album features seven songs, with a theme music and a western number. The lyrics for the film was written by [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]], [[Yogi B]], Siva and [[Raja Kumari]].<br /> <br /> The first single track &quot;Surviva&quot; was released on 19 June 2017, which is a western-based [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] number, performed by Yogi B. The second single track &quot;Thalai Viduthalai&quot; was released on 10 July 2017, followed by the third single track &quot;Kadhalaada&quot; released on 20 July 2017. The soundtrack album in its entirety was released through the digital streaming platform [[JioSaavn]] and [[Sony Music India]] on 7 August 2017, where it received positive reviews from critics.&lt;ref name=&quot;apple&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2017 |title=Vivegam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Anirudh Ravichander on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/vivegam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1249405161 |access-date=2019-10-06 |website=[[iTunes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Vivegam<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = Digital Soundtrack Cover<br /> | released = 7 August 2017<br /> | recorded = 2017<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio = Albuquerque Records, Chennai<br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 24:00<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]<br /> | producer = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Rum (film)|Rum]]<br /> | prev_year = 2017<br /> | next_title = [[Velaikkaran (2017 film)|Velaikkaran]]<br /> | next_year = 2017<br /> | misc = {{Singles<br /> | name = Vivegam<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | single1 = Surviva<br /> | single1date = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|06|19}}<br /> | single2 = Thalai Viduthalai<br /> | single2date = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|07|10}}<br /> | single3 = Kadhalaada<br /> | single3date = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|07|20}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Production ===<br /> The song &quot;Surviva&quot;, a western-based [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] number, was performed by Malaysian [[Rapping|rapper]] Yogi B. The song contains lyrics about survival. With a tagline ''Believe in Yourself'', this new track is believed to be along similar lines of never giving up and surviving.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Ajith Kumar's Vivegam: Anirudh Ravichander releases Surviva song |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ajith-kumar-vivegam-anirudh-ravichander-surviva-song-siva-983590-2017-06-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102458/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ajith-kumar-vivegam-anirudh-ravichander-surviva-song-siva-983590-2017-06-19 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |work=India Today |language=en |agency=Ist}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 June 2017 |title='Vivegam' song: Thala Ajith's 'Vivegam' song 'Surviva' is all set to storm music charts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thala-ajiths-vivegam-song-surviva-is-all-set-to-storm-music-charts/articleshow/59156207.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110142908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thala-ajiths-vivegam-song-surviva-is-all-set-to-storm-music-charts/articleshow/59156207.cms |archive-date=10 January 2020 |access-date=2019-10-04 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The second song &quot;Thalai Viduthalai&quot; is in the [[Death metal vocals|death metal rock]] genre, which is based on a punchline – ''Never, ever GIVE UP!'' that became a rage after fans saw Ajith saying in a high-pitched tone in the teaser earlier. The song was written by Siva and is a highly motivating song to wake up in the morning and start your day with a new passion. The philosophy of the song is, irrespective of the number of times you have been knocked down, as long as you are willing to stand up again and fight back, you are not a failure. The heavy metal track and adrenaline pumping lyrics match the larger-than-life onscreen and off-screen image of Ajith. Besides composing tunes, Anirudh has also lent his voice to the song along with Harish Swaminathan. Anirudh quoted that, this song is a tribute and dedication to Ajith for his 25 years of [[Grit (personality trait)|grit]], determination and hardwork in [[Tamil cinema]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-07-10 |title=Vivegam song Thalai Viduthalai: Ajith film gives us the best track to wake up to |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vivegam-song-thalai-viduthalai-ajith-film-gives-us-the-best-track-to-wake-up-to-4744081/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229133620/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vivegam-song-thalai-viduthalai-ajith-film-gives-us-the-best-track-to-wake-up-to-4744081/ |archive-date=29 December 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The third song &quot;Kaadhalada&quot; is a classic number. In one of the recent interviews with a leading daily, Kabilan, who has penned the lyrics for the song, revealed how he got this opportunity. Kabilan said &quot;I was initially called in to work on the script; I ve co-written the screenplay. That was my first job in Vivegam, and during a discussion, this opportunity to write the lyrics for a song came up.&quot; The lyricist did not reveal much about the song before its release, but opened up about the film and further added &quot;Vivegam has come out in a very stylish manner. I'm sure it will be enjoyed by people of all ages.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nathan |first=Leona |date=2017-07-20 |title=Vivegam Song Kadhalaada: Kabilan Vairamuthu's Lyrics On Anirudh Ravichander's Music Is Worth A Listen |url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/vivegam-song-kadhalaada-kabilan-vairamuthus-lyrics-on-anirudh-ravichanders-music-is-worth-a-listen-2336307/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102455/https://www.india.com/showbiz/vivegam-song-kadhalaada-kabilan-vairamuthus-lyrics-on-anirudh-ravichanders-music-is-worth-a-listen-2336307/ |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=India.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The audio rights of the film were acquired by [[Sony Music India]], for a whooping amount of {{INR}}2 crore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Ajith Kumar's Vivegam audio bagged for a whopping price |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-audio-thala-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-vivek-oberoi-982740-2017-06-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102457/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-audio-thala-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-vivek-oberoi-982740-2017-06-14 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |work=India Today |language=en |agency=Ist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sridhar Subramanian, the [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] of Sony Music South, confirmed it on [[Twitter]] on 14 June 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet |number=874665579344347136 |user=SonyMusicSouth |title=Here's the news you've been waiting for! @shridhars @directorsiva @anirudhofficial @SathyaJyothi_…&lt;!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. --&gt; |date=13 June 2017 |access-date=2019-10-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam audio rights sold for whopping amount |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jun/14/vivegam-audio-rights-sold-for-whopping-amount-1616733.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102504/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jun/14/vivegam-audio-rights-sold-for-whopping-amount-1616733.html |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=The New Indian Express |date=15 June 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-06-14 |title=Sony Music acquires Ajith's Vivegam audio rights |url=http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sony-music-acquires-ajiths-vivegam-audio-rights.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102503/https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sony-music-acquires-ajiths-vivegam-audio-rights.html |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Release ===<br /> The song teaser for the first single &quot;Surviva&quot; was released on 15 June 2017 at midnight.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |date=2017-06-14 |title=Vivegam song teaser: Here is the promo video of 'Surviva' track from Ajith's film |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vivegam-song-teaser-audio-get-glimpse-first-single-ajith-album-film-video-730814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102458/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vivegam-song-teaser-audio-get-glimpse-first-single-ajith-album-film-video-730814 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cain |first=Rob |title=Thala Ajith's 'Vivegam' Song Teaser 'Surviva' Blows Up On Youtube |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/06/14/thala-ajiths-vivegam-song-teaser-surviva-blows-up-on-youtube/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102456/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/06/14/thala-ajiths-vivegam-song-teaser-surviva-blows-up-on-youtube/ |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The full song was released on 19 June 2017 directly on JioSaavn, instead of [[YouTube]], and was played over 400,000 times in just over 12 hours, according to a statement from Sony Music India, thus becoming the most played song in Saavn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 June 2017 |title=Ajith Kumar's Vivegam song Surviva sets new benchmark. Details here |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/article/ajith-kumar-vivegam-surviva-tamil-film-industry/63721 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102458/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/article/ajith-kumar-vivegam-surviva-tamil-film-industry/63721 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The second single track &quot;Thalai Viduthalai&quot; was released on 10 July 2017 at midnight.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Vivegam: Thalai Viduthalai song from Ajith Kumar's film to be out at midnight |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-thala-ajith-kumar-thalai-viduthalai-song-anirudh-1023304-2017-07-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102457/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-thala-ajith-kumar-thalai-viduthalai-song-anirudh-1023304-2017-07-09 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |work=India Today |language=en |agency=Ist}}&lt;/ref&gt; The third single &quot;Kadhalaada&quot; was released on 20 July 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Vivegam: Third song Kadhalaada from Ajith Kumar's film is out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kadhalaada-song-ajith-kumar-vivegam-anirudh-kajal-siva-1025419-2017-07-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102456/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kadhalaada-song-ajith-kumar-vivegam-anirudh-kajal-siva-1025419-2017-07-20 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |work=India Today |language=en |agency=Ist}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Track listing ===<br /> ==== Tamil version ====<br /> Sony Music India launched the album preview on 3 August 2017 on [[YouTube]], in which the album consists of seven songs with lyrics written by [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]], [[Yogi B]], Siva and [[Raja Kumari]]. The album was released on 7 August 2017 at 5:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. on Saavn and later on other digital platforms.<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> |extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> |total_length = 24:00<br /> <br /> | title1= Surviva<br /> | extra1 = {{Hlist|[[Yogi B]]|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]|[[Malavika Manoj|Mali Manoj]]}}<br /> | lyrics1 = {{Hlist|[[Siva (director)|Siva]]|[[Yogi B]]}}<br /> | length1 = 3:42<br /> <br /> | title2 = Thalai Viduthalai<br /> | extra2 = {{Hlist|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]|Harish Swaminathan|[[Ajith Kumar]]}}<br /> | lyrics2 = Siva<br /> | length2 = 3:15<br /> <br /> | title3 = Kadhalaada<br /> | extra3 = {{Hlist|[[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]]|[[Shashaa Tirupati]]}}<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]]<br /> | length3 = 4:16<br /> <br /> | title4 = AK Theme Music (Ready to Rage)<br /> | extra4 = Instrumental<br /> | lyrics4 = Instrumental<br /> | length4 = 1:23<br /> <br /> | title5 = Veriyera<br /> | extra5 = {{Hlist|Anirudh Ravichander|[[M. M. Manasi]]|[[Poorvi Koutish]]}}<br /> | lyrics5 = Siva<br /> | length5 = 4:36<br /> <br /> | title6 = Kadhalaada (Reprise)<br /> | extra6 = {{Hlist|[[Shashaa Tirupati]]|Anirudh Ravichander|Narmatha|Pooja}}<br /> | lyrics6 = Kabilan Vairamuthu<br /> | length6 = 2:18<br /> <br /> | title7 = Never Give Up<br /> | extra7 = {{Hlist|[[Raja Kumari]]}}<br /> | lyrics7 = {{Hlist|[[Raja Kumari]]}}<br /> | length7 = 4:30<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Telugu version ====<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Vivekam<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 17 August 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;apple2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 August 2017 |title=Vivekam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Anirudh Ravichander on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/vivekam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1272026353 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103055927/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/vivekam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1272026353 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=2019-10-06 |website=[[iTunes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 24:00<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]<br /> | producer = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | prev_title = <br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = <br /> | next_year = <br /> | misc = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The songs of the Telugu version of the film was released on 17 August 2017 and the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Yogi B]], [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]] and [[Ramajogayya Sastry]].{{Track listing<br /> |extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> |total_length = 24:00<br /> <br /> | title1 = Surviva<br /> | extra1 = {{Hlist|Anirudh Ravichander|Yogi B|[[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]|Mali Manoj}}<br /> | lyrics1 = {{Hlist|Yogi B|[[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar|Bhaskarbhatla Ravikumar]]}}<br /> | length1 = 3:42<br /> <br /> | title2 = Bhaga Bhaga<br /> | extra2 = {{Hlist|Anirudh Ravichander|Deepak|Santosh Hariharan|Aravind Srinivas}}<br /> | lyrics2 = {{Hlist|[[Ramajogayya Sastry|Ramajogayya Shastry]]}}<br /> | length2 = 3:15<br /> <br /> | title3 = Aanandam<br /> | extra3 = {{Hlist|Anirudh Ravichander|Sathya Prakash|[[Shashaa Tirupati]]}}<br /> | lyrics3 = {{Hlist|Ramajogayya Shastry}}<br /> | length3 = 4:16<br /> <br /> | title4 = AK Theme Music (Ready to Rage)<br /> | extra4 = Instrumental<br /> | lyrics4 = Instrumental<br /> | length4 = 1:23<br /> <br /> | title5 = Urakaalee<br /> | extra5 = {{Hlist|Anirudh Ravichander|[[M. M. Manasi]]}}<br /> | lyrics5 = Bhaskarbhatla Ravikumar<br /> | length5 = 4:36<br /> <br /> | title6= Aanandam (Reprise)<br /> | extra6 = {{Hlist|Anirudh Ravichander|T.S. Sarath Santhosh|[[Shashaa Tirupati]]}}<br /> | lyrics6 = {{Hlist|Ramajogayya Shastry}}<br /> | length6 = 2:18<br /> <br /> | title7= Never Give Up<br /> | extra7 = {{Hlist|Anirudh Ravichander|[[Raja Kumari]]}}<br /> | lyrics7 = {{Hlist|[[Raja Kumari]]}}<br /> | length7 = 4:30<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Kannada version ====<br /> {{Track listing<br /> |extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> |total_length = 16:37<br /> <br /> | title1 = Kaadu Kulithe<br /> | extra1 = {{Hlist|Sparsh|Ashwini}}<br /> | lyrics1 = {{Hlist|Naveen}}<br /> | length1 = 2:48<br /> <br /> | title2 = Surviva<br /> | extra2 = {{Hlist|Shashank Sheshagiri|Chintan Vikas}}<br /> | lyrics2 = {{Hlist|Pramod Jois}}<br /> | length2 = 3:42<br /> <br /> | title3 = Shuru Shuru Shuru<br /> | extra3 = Sparsh<br /> | lyrics3 = Naveen<br /> | length3 = 3:15<br /> <br /> | title4 = Baa Baaro<br /> | extra4 = Lakshmi Vijay<br /> | lyrics4 = Raju Hosetti<br /> | length4 = 4:37<br /> <br /> | title5 = Kaadu Kulithe (Reprise)<br /> | extra5 = {{Hlist|Arundhathi|Manoj Vasishta}}<br /> | lyrics5 = {{Hlist|Naveen|Pramod Jois}}<br /> | length5 = 2:15<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Reception ====<br /> {{Album ratings<br /> | rev1 = ''Behindwoods''<br /> | rev1score = {{Rating|3.0|5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-08-07 |title=Vivegam (aka) Vivekam Songs review |url=http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/vivegam/vivegam-songs-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821084312/http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/vivegam/vivegam-songs-review.html |archive-date=21 August 2017 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | rev2 = ''IndiaGlitz''<br /> | rev2score = {{Rating|3.25|5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam Music review songs lyrics |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vivegam-songs-review-tamil-movie-20387 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102456/https://www.indiaglitz.com/vivegam-songs-review-tamil-movie-20387 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | rev3 = ''Movie Crow''<br /> | rev3score = {{Rating|3.25|5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam Songs - Music Review |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/17351/vivegam-songs---music-review |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=www.moviecrow.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | rev4 = ''[[Sify]]''<br /> | rev4score = {{Rating|4.0|5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam audio review-International appeal to it! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vivegam-audio-review-international-appeal-to-it-news-tamil-riij7Icbbbefc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809092102/http://www.sify.com/movies/vivegam-audio-review-international-appeal-to-it-news-tamil-riij7Icbbbefc.html |archive-date=9 August 2017 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | rev5 = ''BollywoodLife''<br /> | rev5score = {{Rating|4.0|5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-08-09 |title=Vivegam music review: Anirudh Ravichander's groovy compositions from the Ajith Kumar album are NOT to be missed |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/vivegam-music-review-anirudh-ravichanders-groovy-compositions-from-the-ajith-kumar-album-are-not-to-be-missed-1039090/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102507/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/vivegam-music-review-anirudh-ravichanders-groovy-compositions-from-the-ajith-kumar-album-are-not-to-be-missed-1039090/ |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en-EN}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''Behindwoods'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote &quot;Anirudh delivers a convincingly International album in his forte for Ajith's ''Vivegam''!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-08-07 |title=Vivegam (aka) Vivekam Songs review |url=http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/vivegam/vivegam-songs-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821084312/http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/vivegam/vivegam-songs-review.html |archive-date=21 August 2017 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharanya CR of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote &quot;With Vivegam, Anirudh manages to give an album with songs that not just suit the mass image of Ajith, but also have an international appeal.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 August 2017 |title=Music Review: Vivegam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/music-review-vivegam/articleshow/59967442.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326135100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/music-review-vivegam/articleshow/59967442.cms |archive-date=26 March 2020 |access-date=2019-10-04 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Indiaglitz'' gave 3.25/5 stars and wrote &quot;Vivegam is easily one of the best albums for Ajith as well as Anirudh; the album is plethora of rock and energy.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam Music review songs lyrics |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vivegam-songs-review-tamil-movie-20387 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102456/https://www.indiaglitz.com/vivegam-songs-review-tamil-movie-20387 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;''MovieCrow'' gave 3.25/5 stars and wrote &quot;Anirudh has delivered a stylish and engaging album to match Ajith's persona.&quot; ''[[Sify]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote &quot;Anirudh adds an international flavour to a quintessential ‘mass’ album!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam audio review-International appeal to it! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vivegam-audio-review-international-appeal-to-it-news-tamil-riij7Icbbbefc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809092102/http://www.sify.com/movies/vivegam-audio-review-international-appeal-to-it-news-tamil-riij7Icbbbefc.html |archive-date=9 August 2017 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''BollywoodLife'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote &quot;Anirudh Ravichander has done it again, composed a winner of an album! He has understood the actioner's theme and the lead star perfectly and composed brilliant, foot tapping tunes. Right form death metal vibes to breezy, romantic tunes, he has given us an impressive variation. All in all, Do NOT miss the Vivegam album.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-08-09 |title=Vivegam music review: Anirudh Ravichander's groovy compositions from the Ajith Kumar album are NOT to be missed |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/vivegam-music-review-anirudh-ravichanders-groovy-compositions-from-the-ajith-kumar-album-are-not-to-be-missed-1039090/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102507/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/vivegam-music-review-anirudh-ravichanders-groovy-compositions-from-the-ajith-kumar-album-are-not-to-be-missed-1039090/ |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en-EN}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[International Business Times|IBT]]'' wrote &quot;The album has many songs that win the hearts of the audience and it is easily one of the best albums composed by Anirudh.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |date=2017-08-08 |title=Vivegam audio review: Anirudh gives his best for Ajith again |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vivegam-audio-review-anirudh-gives-his-best-ajith-again-737623 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112102458/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vivegam-audio-review-anirudh-gives-his-best-ajith-again-737623 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Marketing ==<br /> The first look poster of ''Vivegam'' was released on 2 February 2017 at 12:01 AM. Ajith's physical transformation was praised, given that he had to undergo a painful knee operation in November 2015, after the release of his previous film ''[[Vedalam]]'' (2015).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vivegam-first-look-ajith-s-stuns-in-a-chiselled-physique-in-new-poster/story-pZFk933q1l1cZU7ZgEFKdN.html Vivegam first look: Ajith's stuns in a chiselled physique in new poster | regional movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823161936/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vivegam-first-look-ajith-s-stuns-in-a-chiselled-physique-in-new-poster/story-pZFk933q1l1cZU7ZgEFKdN.html |date=23 August 2017 }}. Hindustan Times. Retrieved on 23 October 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[teaser trailer]] was released on 11 May 2017, which shows Ajith running about, flexing his muscles, dodging bullets and shooting bullets. The teaser became the fastest film teaser to reach 5 million views within 12 hours after breaking the record of 5 million views set by the ''[[Kabali (film)|Kabali]]'' (2016) teaser in 24 hours.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title='Thala' Ajith-starrer 'Vivegam' teaser released |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thala-ajith-starrer-vivegam-teaser-released/article18420954.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513073225/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thala-ajith-starrer-vivegam-teaser-released/article18420954.ece |archive-date=13 May 2017 |access-date=11 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Ajith's 'Vivegam' teaser beats Rajinikanth's 'Kabali' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ajiths-vivegam-teaser-beats-rajinikanths-kabali/articleshow/58625138.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517141852/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ajiths-vivegam-teaser-beats-rajinikanths-kabali/articleshow/58625138.cms |archive-date=17 May 2017 |access-date=11 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; It went on to become the most liked for an Indian film after surpassing the record of 500 thousand and more likes set by the ''[[Tubelight (2017 Hindi film)|Tubelight]]'' (2017) teaser.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 July 2017 |title=Vivegam breaks records |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/26/vivegam-breaks-records-1633469.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812100301/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/26/vivegam-breaks-records-1633469.html |archive-date=12 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2017 |work=Express News Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The trailer was released on 17 August 2017, which shows elements of friendship, romance, sentiment and action.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 August 2017 |title=Ajith's Vivegam Official trailer |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/ajiths-vivegam-official-trailer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817120626/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/ajiths-vivegam-official-trailer.html |archive-date=17 August 2017 |access-date=17 August 2017 |work=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; The trailer, which promises a &quot;Tamil film with an international flavor, is dedicated to showing the attitude of Ajith's character that he will move mountains or die trying. He is beaten again and again, yet he keeps bouncing back.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.indiaglitz.com/vivegam-trailer-review-tamil-news-193309 'Vivegam' – Promises a sure shot blockbuster!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412073125/https://www.indiaglitz.com/vivegam-trailer-review-tamil-news-193309 |date=12 April 2023 }}. Indiaglitz (16 August 2017)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=quintdaily |date=23 August 2017 |title=Vivegam Tamil Movie Rating [4/5], Audience Review – QuintDaily |url=https://quintdaily.com/2017/08/vivegam-tamil-movie-rating-audience-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824012624/https://quintdaily.com/2017/08/vivegam-tamil-movie-rating-audience-review/ |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=23 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> === Theatrical ===<br /> ''Vivegam'' was released on 24 August 2017, alongside the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version titled ''Vivekam''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=31 July 2017 |title=Cleared with UA certificate, Ajith's Vivegam to finally hit screens on August 24 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/cleared-with-ua-certificate-ajith-s-vivegam-to-finally-hit-screens-on-august-24/story-CllfFq8e180RQpk1OkXkBL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807044805/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/cleared-with-ua-certificate-ajith-s-vivegam-to-finally-hit-screens-on-august-24/story-CllfFq8e180RQpk1OkXkBL.html |archive-date=7 August 2017 |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was also released in [[Kannada]] as ''Commando'' in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vivegam-is-ready-to-release-as-commando-in-kannada/articleshow/65401667.cms 'Vivegam' is ready to release as 'Commando' in Kannada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828212809/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vivegam-is-ready-to-release-as-commando-in-kannada/articleshow/65401667.cms |date=28 August 2018 }}. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (28 August 2018).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Home media===<br /> The satellite rights were purchased by [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] for a record price, which was informed through the channel's social media page on 9 August 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://twitter.com/SunTV/status/895285580161892352 Sun TV on Twitter: &quot;@SunTV buys broadcast rights of Ajith's #Vivegam #VIVEGAMSatelliteRightsBySUNTV #AK25&quot;]. Twitter.com (9 August 2017). Retrieved on 23 October 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ===Box office===<br /> The film grossed ₹33.08 crore on its opening day and crossed the {{INR}}100 crore mark on its first weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-09-10 |title=Vivegam box-office collection: Ajith's film collects Rs 160 crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-box-office-collection-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-1041594-2017-09-10 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IndiaTodayFinancial&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |title=Vivegam-box office- collection Worldwide: Ajith Kumar &amp; Siva Kajal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-box-office-collection-thala-ajith-kumar-siva-kajal-1038094-2017-09-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929224818/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vivegam-box-office-collection-thala-ajith-kumar-siva-kajal-1038094-2017-09-05 |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=5 October 2017 |magazine=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote &quot;''Vivegam'' is an over-the-top but engaging action thriller with a calculated mix of brawn and brain, action and sentiment, smartly pandering to fans while giving families something to connect with.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vivegam/movie-review/60201826.cms#google_vignette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221030059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vivegam/movie-review/60201826.cms#google_vignette |archive-date=21 February 2020 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manoj Kumar. R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote &quot;The film has good music, good visuals, high-voltage action sequences, picturesque landscapes and beautiful faces. Also add heartwarming moments between the characters of Ajith and Kajal Aggarwal to the list. Ajith and Siva get full marks for their efforts.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam movie review: This Ajith starrer is a good popcorn entertainer |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vivegam-movie-review-ajith-kajal-aggarwal-vivek-oberoi-star-rating-4810086/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028055619/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vivegam-movie-review-ajith-kajal-aggarwal-vivek-oberoi-star-rating-4810086/ |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The Indian Express |date=25 August 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sreedhar Pillai of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote &quot;Vivegam is largely targeted at Ajith fans, and while it lacks logic it looks super stylish, and is a well-shot action entertainer.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam movie review: Ajith plays a one-man demolition squad in this stylishly visual spy thriller |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vivegam-movie-review-ajith-plays-a-one-man-demolition-squad-in-this-stylishly-visual-spy-thriller-3968003.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028055626/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vivegam-movie-review-ajith-plays-a-one-man-demolition-squad-in-this-stylishly-visual-spy-thriller-3968003.html |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=Firstpost |date=24 August 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sandeep Acharya of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;Vivegam has rightfully come up for praise thanks for the difficult stunts that Ajith has pulled off. However, the film falls short of being great as it fares poorly in the writing department.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam movie review: Ajith's achievements wasted due to Siva's unimpressive writing |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/vivegam-movie-review-ajith-s-film-is-ambitious-yet-underwhelming/story-3b699TFrx4BNO1GGm9GNgJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028054124/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/vivegam-movie-review-ajith-s-film-is-ambitious-yet-underwhelming/story-3b699TFrx4BNO1GGm9GNgJ.html |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |date=24 August 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Sethumadhavan N of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;Vivegam isn’t as entertaining as ''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]'', nor is it as low on novelty like ''[[Vedalam]]''. It tries to be an impactful spy action-thriller and on that front it scores well at least on the action front.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VIVEGAM MOVIE REVIEW: AN ACTION EXTRAVAGANZA |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/vivegam-movie-review-an-action-extravaganza/articleshow/60212674.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028054124/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/vivegam-movie-review-an-action-extravaganza/articleshow/60212674.cms |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=Bangalore Mirror}}&lt;/ref&gt; Srivatsan of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;With Vivegam, one hopes that Siva's trilogy aimed at making Ajith Kumar a larger-than-life character comes to an end.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vivegam movie review: A superficial plot to make Ajith Kumar great again |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vivegam-review-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-vivek-akshara-siva-1031218-2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028054117/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vivegam-review-ajith-kumar-kajal-aggarwal-vivek-akshara-siva-1031218-2017-08-24 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=India Today |date=24 August 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Sowmya Rajendran of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote &quot;Vivegam is like a circus - it has a bunch of talented performers pulling off gravity defying stunts in separate acts that are written to make the crowd clap as soon as each ends.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Vivegam' Review: This spectacle is strictly for Ajith fans and we hereby bulletproof ourselves |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/vivegam-review-spectacle-strictly-ajith-fans-and-we-hereby-bulletproof-ourselves-67311 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028054123/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/vivegam-review-spectacle-strictly-ajith-fans-and-we-hereby-bulletproof-ourselves-67311 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The News Minute |date=24 August 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Srinivas Ramanujan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote &quot;Vivegam is a misfire on many levels. It's an attempt to make an “international” thriller, with the assumption that a star with a huge fan base would be able to pull it off. Ajith's effort is sincere, but Vivegam just doesn't come together.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Ramanujam |first1=Srinivasa |title='Vivegam' review: Fast without fury |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vivegam-review-fast-without-fury/article62134396.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028054124/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vivegam-review-fast-without-fury/article62134396.ece |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The Hindu |date=24 August 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Accolades ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Date of ceremony<br /> !Award<br /> !Category<br /> !Recipient(s) and nominee(s)<br /> !Result<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 16 June 2018<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[65th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil|Best Supporting Actor – Tamil]]<br /> | [[Vivek Oberoi]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2018 |title=Nominations for the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830181056/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652.html |archive-date=30 August 2020 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director – Tamil]]<br /> | [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 14 &amp; 15 September 2018<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br /> | Best Actor in a Negative Role – Tamil<br /> | Vivek Oberoi<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2018 |title=SIIMA 2018 Nominations |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/siima-2018-nominations-vijays-mersal-beats-madhavan-and-vijay-sethupathis-vikram-vedha-1901012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910171301/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/siima-2018-nominations-vijays-mersal-beats-madhavan-and-vijay-sethupathis-vikram-vedha-1901012 |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Music Director – Tamil<br /> | Anirudh Ravichander<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Cinematographer – Tamil<br /> | [[Vetri (cinematographer)|Vetri]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==In popular culture==<br /> The line &quot;Varen Maa&quot; uttered by Ajith Kumar and the scene in which Kajal Aggarwal starts singing during the climax fight was parodied in ''[[Thamizh Padam 2]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Tamizh Padam 2 (Aka) Tamil Padam 2 review |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/tamizh-padam-2/tamizh-padam-2-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023170149/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/tamizh-padam-2/tamizh-padam-2-review.html |archive-date=23 October 2020 |access-date=19 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt6878378}}<br /> <br /> {{Siva (director)}}<br /> {{Sathya Jyothi Films}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2017 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Slovenia]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Serbia]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Bulgaria]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Serbia]]<br /> [[Category:Indian spy thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian pregnancy films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Siva (director)]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Belgrade]]<br /> [[Category:2010s spy thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shashikala_Kakodkar&diff=445649 2026-03-02T20:57:21Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: content update</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician (1935–2016)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | image = Shashikala Kakodkar.jpg<br /> | name = Shashikala Kakodkar<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1935|01|07}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Pernem]], Goa, Portuguese India<br /> | residence = <br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2016|10|28|1935|01|07}}<br /> | death_place = [[Panaji]], Goa, India<br /> | constituency = <br /> | office = 2nd [[List of Chief Ministers of Goa|Chief Minister of Goa, Daman and Diu]]<br /> | term = 12 August 1973 – 27 April 1979<br /> | predecessor = [[Dayanand Bandodkar]]<br /> | successor = [[President's rule]]<br /> | office2 = Member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start2 = 1967<br /> | term_end2 = 1972<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Gajanan Raikar]]<br /> | successor2 = [[Rhoidas Naik]]<br /> | constituency2 = [[Ponda (Goa Assembly constituency)|Ponda]]<br /> | termstart3 = 1972<br /> | term_end3 = 1980<br /> | predecessor3 = [[C.D. Keshav]]<br /> | successor3 = [[Harish Zantye]]<br /> | constituency3 = [[Bicholim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Bicholim]]<br /> | termstart4 = 1989<br /> | term_end4 = 1999<br /> | predecessor4 = constituency established<br /> | successor4 = [[Prakash Fadte]]<br /> | constituency4 = [[Maem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Maem]]<br /> | party = [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Gurudatt Kakodkar|1963}}<br /> | alma_mater = {{ubl|<br /> * [[Karnatak University]] ([[B.A.]])<br /> * [[Elphinstone College]] ([[M.A.]])}}<br /> | children = 3<br /> | caption = Kakodkar in 2011<br /> | relatives = [[Leena Chandavarkar]] (sister-in-law)<br /> | father = [[Dayanand Bandodkar]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shashikala Kakodkar''' (7 January 1935&lt;ref name=&quot;navhindtimes.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/shashikala-kakodkar-iron-lady-of-goan-politics/|title=Shashikala Kakodkar- iron lady of Goan politics|work=[[The Navhind Times]]|date=29 October 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030144335/http://www.navhindtimes.in/shashikala-kakodkar-iron-lady-of-goan-politics/|archive-date=30 October 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; – 28 October 2016), also known as '''''Tai''''' ({{literal translation|elder sister}}), was an Indian politician and a leader of the [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] (MGP).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tamil.oneindia.com/news/india/goa-s-first-woman-cm-shashikala-kakodkar-dies-265948.html|title=கோவாவின் முதல் பெண் முதல்வர் சசிகலா ககோத்கர் காலமானார்|work=oneindia.com|date=28 October 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115023154/http://tamil.oneindia.com/news/india/goa-s-first-woman-cm-shashikala-kakodkar-dies-265948.html|archive-date=15 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She served as the second [[Chief Minister of Goa, Daman and Diu]] from 1973 to 1979, and was the president of the MGP. She is the first and only woman to serve as the Chief Minister of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newsgram.com/goas-only-woman-chief-minister-shashikala-kakodkar-passes-away-at-81/|title=Goa's only Woman Chief Minister Shashikala Kakodkar passes away at 81|last=NewsDesk2|date=28 October 2016|work=newsgram.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220113703/http://www.newsgram.com/goas-only-woman-chief-minister-shashikala-kakodkar-passes-away-at-81/|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/former-goa-cm-shashikala-kakodkar-dies/article9281539.ece|title=Former Goa CM Shashikala Kakodkar dies|work=thehindu.com|date=28 October 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dainikherald.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://dainikherald.com/index.php?pagedate=2016-10-29&amp;edcode=71&amp;subcode=71&amp;mod=1&amp;pgnum=5 |title=Dainik Herald Marathi News |access-date=5 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106062025/http://dainikherald.com/index.php?pagedate=2016-10-29&amp;edcode=71&amp;subcode=71&amp;mod=1&amp;pgnum=5 |archive-date=6 November 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and background==<br /> Shashikala Kakodkar was born on 7 January 1935 at [[Pernem]], Goa,&lt;ref name=&quot;navhindtimes.in&quot;/&gt; [[Portuguese India]], to [[Dayanand Bandodkar|Dayanand]] and Sunandabai Bandodkar as their eldest child. Her younger siblings were Usha Vengurlekar, Kranti Rao, Jyoti Bandekar and Siddharth Bandodkar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ijar.org.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://ijar.org.in/stuff/issues/v1-i3(2)/v1-i3(2)-a006.pdf | title=The role and contribution of Smt. Shashikala Kakodkar in politics in the state of Goa | access-date=30 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150753/http://ijar.org.in/stuff/issues/v1-i3(2)/v1-i3(2)-a006.pdf | archive-date=31 October 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kakodkar completed her elementary education from the [[Mushtifund Saunstha]] and completed her matriculation from the People's High School in [[Nova Goa]] (now Panjim). At age eleven, she participated in [[Goa's liberation movement]] by shouting patriotic slogans, and was beaten by Portuguese police officers for doing so. She graduated from [[Karnatak University]], Dharwad,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnatak-college-invites-former-students-to-reconnect/article7989418.ece|title=Karnatak College invites former students to reconnect|author=Staff Correspondent|work=thehindu.com|date=14 December 2015 |access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree, where she studied anthropology, sociology and history. She completed her postgraduate M.A. degree from Bombay's [[Elphinstone College]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ijar.org.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1963, the first democratically held elections to the Legislative Assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu led to her father [[Dayanand Bandodkar]]'s election as the first [[chief minister]]. That year, she married Gurudatt Kakodkar, and was appointed as the general manager of the Bandodkar Group of Companies in 1968. She was also a member of the Youth Red Cross Society, [[All India Women's Conference]] and the Central Social Welfare Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;ijar.org.in&quot;/&gt; She built her power base around the Government Primary Teachers' Association.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Fernandes |first= Aureliano |year=1997 |title=Cabinet Government in Goa 1961-1993: A chronicled analysis of 30 years of Government and Politics in Goa |publisher=maureen &amp; camvet publishers pvt. ltd.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Entry into politics==<br /> Kakodkar was engaged in social work ever since her return from [[Bombay]] after obtaining her postgraduate education.&lt;ref name=&quot;ijar.org.in&quot;/&gt; She contested the [[1967 Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Legislative Assembly election]] from the Ponda constituency as a candidate of the [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] and won by a huge majority, making her the second woman member of the Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Legislative Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statisticall%20Report%20Goa%201967.pdf | title=Statistical report on general election, 1967 to the legislative assembly of Goa Daman &amp; Diu | access-date=30 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018235032/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statisticall%20Report%20Goa%201967.pdf | archive-date=18 October 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[1972 Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Legislative Assembly election]], Kakodkar successfully contested as a Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party candidate from the [[Bicholim]] constituency.&lt;ref name=&quot;ijar.org.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Minister of State===<br /> Following her victory in the 1972 Assembly elections, she was appointed as a [[Minister of State]] in the government led by her father, [[Chief Minister]] Dayanand Bandodkar. She held the portfolios of Education, Public Health, Social Welfare, Public Assistance, Provedoria and Small Savings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7172/7172-52-SII-EOG-3.pdf | title=Government of Goa, Daman and Diu - Notifications | access-date=5 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106122625/http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7172/7172-52-SII-EOG-3.pdf | archive-date=6 November 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 12 August 1973, her father died in office, and the legislators of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party unanimously selected her as the next Chief Minister.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/her-fathers-daughter/|title=Her Father's Daughter|work=navhindtimes.in|date=30 October 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106063233/http://www.navhindtimes.in/her-fathers-daughter/|archive-date=6 November 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Tenure as Chief Minister==<br /> <br /> ===First Shashikala Kakodkar Ministry===<br /> Shashikala Kakodkar was sworn in as the [[Chief Minister of Goa, Daman and Diu]] on 13 August 1973 at 11:20&amp;nbsp;p.m. by the then-[[Lieutenant governor]] of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] Sisirkumar Banerjee at the [[Raj Bhavan (Goa)|Raj Bhavan]]. Along with Kakodkar, [[Pratapsingh Rane]] and [[A. K. S. Usgaonkar]] were sworn in as Cabinet Ministers. Her own post of Minister of State was kept vacant till the end of the term.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Kakodkar also succeeded Bandodkar as the President of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and held the charge of both these posts until the [[1977 Goa Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref name=&quot;dainikherald.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://abnnitv.asia/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106070841/http://abnnitv.asia/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF/|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 November 2016|title=गोव्याच्या पहिल्या मुख्यमंत्री 'आयर्न लेडी' शशिकलाताई काकोडकर काळाच्या पडद्या आड…|work=abnnitv.asia|access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7374/7374-21-SII-EOG-1.rtf&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kakodkar took over the eleven portfolios held over by her father Dayanand Bandodkar, and created four more.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;goaprintingpress.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7374/7374-21-SII-EOG-1.pdf | title=Government of Goa, Daman and Diu - Notifications | access-date=12 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220182535/http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7374/7374-21-SII-EOG-1.pdf | archive-date=20 December 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; They included General Administration, Secretariat Administration, Home, Finance, Confidential &amp; Vigilance Department, Industry, Public Works Department, Education, Information &amp; Tourism, Public Health, Small Savings, Public Assistance, Provedoria, Social Welfare, and Goa Archives.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;goaprintingpress.gov.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The portfolios of A. K. S. Usgaonkar and Pratapsingh Rane were left untouched. Usgaonkar who was a freedom fighter and a businessman had five portfolios of Planning, Development, Irrigation &amp; Power, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry.&lt;ref name=&quot;goaprintingpress.gov.in&quot;/&gt; Rane who was a political novice&lt;ref name=&quot;goaprintingpress.gov.in&quot;/&gt; had eight portfolios of Law &amp; Judiciary, Labour, Legislative Affairs, Revenue, Local Self Government, Housing &amp; Junta, Civil Supplies and Food.<br /> <br /> As Kakodkar took over the reins of the government, she accepted the mistakes and shortfalls of the Dayanand Bandodkar regime in a bid to win the support of his critics. She vowed to carry forward the unfinished task of her father, in order to retain Bandodkar's supporters. Aureliano Fernandes states that unlike Bandodkar, Shashikala emerged as an efficient administrator. Fernandes further states that Kakodkar was less of an extrovert than her father, and consequently was far less accessible.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; She was initially seen as &quot;Bandodkar's daughter&quot;, but soon emerged as a leader in her own right. This was evident from the victory of [[Ramakant Khalap]], who was the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party's candidate in the [[Mandrem]] constituency by-election which was vacant following the demise of Dayanand Bandodkar.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Kakodkar also scripted history when the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party candidate Luta Ferrao defeated Dr. [[Wilfred de Souza]] in the historic by-election in the [[Benaulim]] constituency in 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;goanews.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=5987|title=In Dr Willy, Goa lost a rebel politician and master strategist|work=goanews.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229143146/http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=5987|archive-date=29 December 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a marked departure from the earlier stand taken by her party, Kakodkar declared that the question of Goa's merger with [[Maharashtra]] was a dead issue, and that both Marathi and Konkani were the official languages of Goa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;goanews.com&quot;/&gt; Kakodkar established the Economic Development Corporation of Goa, Daman &amp; Diu (now the Economic Development Corporation – EDC, Goa) in March 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.edc-goa.com/about-us/what-is-edc-ltd.html|title=What is EDC Ltd.|work=edc-goa.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409003149/http://www.edc-goa.com/about-us/what-is-edc-ltd.html|archive-date=9 April 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.saamana.com/thsa/shashikala-kakodkar |title=शशिकला काकोडकर - Saamana |access-date=12 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220092146/http://www.saamana.com/thsa/shashikala-kakodkar |archive-date=20 December 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; She also established the [[Goa Board of Secondary &amp; Higher Secondary Education]] in 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title=Goa board of secondary and higher secondary education - Citizen charter | url=http://www.gbshse.gov.in/documents/gbcitizen.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604053116/http://www.gbshse.gov.in/documents/gbcitizen.pdf | archive-date=2013-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shashikala Kakodkar's government also took steps towards land reforms. Her government enacted the Goa, Daman and Diu Mundkars (Protection from Eviction) Act, 1975&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/uploads/Mundkars%20Protection%20from%20Eviction%20Act%20and%20Rules.pdf | title=The Goa, Daman and Diu Mundkars (Protection from Eviction) Act, 1975 and Rules, 1977 | access-date=14 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705022621/http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/uploads/Mundkars%20Protection%20from%20Eviction%20Act%20and%20Rules.pdf | archive-date=5 July 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Goa, Daman and Diu Agricultural Tenancy (5th Amendment) Act, 1976. The [[Supreme Court of India]] upheld the constitutional validity of the Goa, Daman and Diu Agricultural Tenancy (5th Amendment) Act, 1976 in ''Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu v. Lakshmibai Narayan Patil''.&lt;ref&gt;1990 AIR 1771, https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1201943/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108141633/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1201943/# |date=8 November 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/the-passage-of-farming-tenancy-law/|title=The Passage of Farming Tenancy Law – The Navhind Times|work=navhindtimes.in|date=22 August 2015 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220233820/http://www.navhindtimes.in/the-passage-of-farming-tenancy-law/|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Some of the other important legislation enacted by the first Shashikala Kakodkar Ministry include the Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Irrigation Act, 1973; Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Chit Funds Act, 1973; Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Barge tax Act, 1973; Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Highways Act, 1974; Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Town and Country Planning Act, 1974; Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Motor Vehicles Act, 1974; Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board Act, 1975; Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Public Gambling, Act 1976 and the Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Habitual Offenders Act, 1976.<br /> <br /> Shashikala Kakodkar was criticised by the opposition for alleged favouritism towards her husband Gurudatt Kakodkar in granting transport and cement licenses and tyre dealerships. The opposition had also alleged that the structural design of the [[Kala Academy]] was given to her brother-in-law Sharad Vengurlekar. However, none of these charges could be proved.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Kakodkar was also accused of giving maximum government advertisements to the Marathi fortnightly ''Sameer'', of which her husband was the editor.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Kakodkar's tenure say a more accommodating approach towards Konkani and a gradual shift from the pro-Marathi stance which was earlier adhered to by the MGP.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Fernandes argues that this shift was a result of political exigency, given the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party's victory in the 1974 by-election in Benaulim constituency.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; In January 1974, Kakodkar's cabinet made Marathi compulsory in all English medium primary schools to the exclusion of Konkani. This move was criticised by the [[Konkani Bhasha Mandal]] as a back-door policy to impose Marathi.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Kakodkar's style of decision making basically centred around the Chief Minister and she heavily relied on a coterie for advice which included her husband Gurudatt Kakodkar.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Two [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]s of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, Jaisingrao Rane and Punaji Achrekar resigned, protesting against Kakodkar's decision-making style without consulting the party rank and file.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Pratapsingh Rane also resigned from the government and the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, prior to the 1977 Goa Legislative Assembly election. He joined the [[Indian National Congress]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ijar.org.in&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tarunbharat.com/?p=29103|title=प्रतापसिंह राणे यांचे आज अमृत महोत्सवी वर्षात पदार्पण – तरुण भारत|date=28 January 2014|work=tarunbharat.com|access-date=15 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220125830/http://www.tarunbharat.com/?p=29103|archive-date=20 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It was in these circumstances that Shashikala Kakodkar led the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in the 1977 Goa Legislative Assembly election.<br /> <br /> ===Second Shashikala Kakodkar ministry===<br /> In the Assembly elections of 1977 which were held after [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]], Kakodkar faced a challenge leading the party. The resignation of her cabinet Minister Pratapsingh Rane and MLAs Jaisingrao Rane and Punaji Achrekar; allegations of corruption and favouritism were the major challenges faced by Kakodkar. In her manifesto, Kakodkar spoke against the Emergency and the demand for full-fledged statehood to Goa. Her manifesto contained the issue of developing Konkani language (while continuing support to Marathi as an important state language). She also promised an efficient administration, rapid socio-economic development, rise in standard of living, balanced regional development, a [[High Court]] for Goa and extension of education, health and agricultural productivity.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Shashikala Kakodkar battled against the odds and the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party once again managed to come back to power, winning 15 seats out of the total 30.&lt;ref name=&quot;elections.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/goa/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html|title=Goa Assembly Election Results in 1977|work=elections.in|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221124041/http://www.elections.in/goa/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sarto Esteves cites Kakodkar's leadership capacities as the reason for the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party forming the government in 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;ijar.org.in&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;esteves1986&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Esteves |first= Sarto |year=1986 |title=Politics and Political Leadership in Goa |publisher=Sterling Publishers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Minister [[A. K. S. Usgaonkar]] faced a shock defeat in his [[Pale, Goa]] constituency.&lt;ref name=&quot;elections.in&quot;/&gt; However, those who had rebelled and deserted the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party on issues of merger and Marathi, were soundly defeated.&lt;ref name=&quot;elections.in&quot;/&gt; They included Jaisingrao Rane, Punaji Achrekar, Krishnanath Baburao Naik, [[Pandurang Purushottam Shirodkar]] and [[Janardan Jagannath Shinkre]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Shashikala Kakodkar successfully retained her Bicholim seat and formed the government with the backing of two independent candidates, Makanbhai Morarji Bhatela of [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] and [[Narayan Fugro]] of [[Diu, India|Diu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;navhindtimes.in&quot;/&gt; Kakodkar was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Goa, Daman and Diu for the second time on 7 June 1977.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=1533|title=Chief Ministers of Goa|work=goanews.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220230131/http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=1533|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakodkar's cabinet included [[Shankar Laad]] and Vinayak Dharma Chodankar as Cabinet Ministers, while Raul Hilario Fernandes was appointed as a Minister of State.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7778/7778-10-SII-EOG-2.pdf | title=Government of Goa, Daman and Diu - Notifications | access-date=12 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183801/http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7778/7778-10-SII-EOG-2.pdf | archive-date=20 December 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Narayan Fugro was appointed as the [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7778/7778-10-SII-EOG-3.pdf | title=Government of Goa, Daman and Diu - Notifications | access-date=12 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183847/http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7778/7778-10-SII-EOG-3.pdf | archive-date=20 December 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Makanbhai Morarji Bhatela the [[Deputy Speaker]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In her second Ministry too, Kakodkar held the majority of portfolios including Home, Finance (including Small Savings), Personnel &amp; Administrative Reforms, Industries (including Weights and Measures), Planning, Development (including Rural Development<br /> &amp; Cooperation), Education (including Archives), Social Welfare, Public Assistance &amp; Provedoria, Information &amp; Tourism, Public Works Department (including Water Supply), Inland Waterways and Town &amp; Country Planning. Shankar Vishveshwar Laad was allocated the portfolios of Law &amp; Judiciary, Legislative Affairs, Labour, Revenue (including Forests) and Urban Development (including Municipalities and excluding Town and Country Planning). Vinayak Dharma Chodankar was given the portfolios of Agriculture (including Animal Husbandry and Fisheries), Irrigation (Major, Medium &amp; Minor), Power and also Food, Civil Supplies &amp; Price Control.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt; Minister of State Raul Hilario Fernandes held the portfolios of Education (including Archives), Information &amp; Tourism, Social Welfare and also the portfolio of Public Assistance &amp; Provedoria.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt; After being sworn in, Kakodkar informed the media that her immediate task was to pursue the statehood issue with the [[Government of India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-june-8-1977-pm-in-london-4693777/|title=Forty Years Ago, June 8, 1977: PM In London|date=8 June 2017|work=indianexpress.com|access-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813181644/http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-june-8-1977-pm-in-london-4693777/|archive-date=13 August 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> To curb unemployment in Goa, Kakodkar established eleven industrial estates during her second term as the Chief Minister. In 1977, Kakodkar's government beautified the [[Ponda Fort]] at [[Farmagudi, Goa]] and installed an equestrian statue of Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]] there.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Beautification-work-begins-at-Shivajis-monument-in-Farmagudi/articleshow/4060939.cms|title=Beautification work begins at Shivaji's monument in Farmagudi – Times of India|work=indiatimes.com|date=2 February 2009 |access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ijar.org.in&quot;/&gt; <br /> [[File:Plaque_at_Farmagudi_Fort,_Goa.jpg|thumb|The plaque unveiled after the inaugurating of [[Shivaji]]'s statue at the [[Ponda Fort]], [[Farmagudi]]]]<br /> <br /> In her second tenure, Kakodkar faced rebellion within her party after an initially peaceful tenure of about one year. First-time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]s Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar initiated a rebellion within the M. G. Party demanding that the party's Executive Body be scrapped and fresh elections be held to the body. Subsequently, they demanded the resignation of Chief Minister Kakodkar.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Belekar |first= Suhas |year=2009 |title=Itihasachi Pane Chaaltana(इतिहासाची पाने चाळताना) |publisher=Navrang Prakashan, Tiswadi – Goa}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result of their anti-party activities, the M. G. Party's Executive Body served a show-cause notice upon MLAs Desai and Narvekar. When the M. G. Party's Executive met on 21 January 1979, Chief Minister Kakodkar stated how both the MLAs had engaged in anti-party activities since June 1978. Kakodkar also spoke about the manner in which MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar made irresponsible remarks, took an anti-government stance in the Legislative Assembly and engaged in attempts to destabilise the government.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 26 January 1978, a meeting was organised in Dilkush Desai's [[Rivona]] constituency to inform the people about their MLA's anti-party activities. Shashikala Kakodkar stated in the meeting that if need be, she was ready to sit in the opposition but would never concede before selfish politics.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; In the same meeting, Kakodkar's Law Minister Shankar Vishveshwar Laad also condemned the actions of MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar. Laad further stated that the manner in which the pro-poor Communidades (Amendment) Bill was opposed by the duo along with the opposition MLAs, was unfortunate. Subsequently, Laad too joined ranks with the rebels.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The subsequent Assembly Session saw a series of defeats and humiliations for the government led by Kakodkar. On 16 March 1979, Opposition MLA Ananta Narcinva (''Babu'') Naik tabled a private member's resolution before the House that the prices of cinema tickets be reduced by 30%. MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar supported the resolution as a result of which there was a tie (14 votes each, in favour and against the resolution). Speaker Narayan Fugro used his [[casting vote]] in favour of the government (i.e., against the resolution) as a result of which the resolution was defeated. MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar voted in favour of the government while four Bills were passed by the Assembly on 21 March 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 23 March 1979, opposition MLA&lt;ref name=&quot;elections.in&quot;/&gt; [[Francisco Sardinha]] sought leave of the House to introduce an amendment to the Goa, Daman &amp; Diu Agricultural Tenancy Act, 1964. MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar voted in favour the leave being granted to introduce the Bill, as a consequence of which the government was defeated in the Assembly over this question. On 30 March 1979, a resolution tabled by Opposition MLA&lt;ref name=&quot;elections.in&quot;/&gt; Leo Velho was supported by MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar, resulting in a tie (14 votes each, in favour and against the resolution). Speaker Narayan Fugro used his casting vote in favour of the resolution (i.e., against the government). Belekar states that although Speaker Narayan Fugro did use his casting vote in favour of the government on a few subsequent occasions, the process of Fugro's rebellion against Kakodkar may have started on 30 March 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 17 April 1979, the Assembly witnessed a tie (14 votes each, in favour and against) during voting on demands for grants. But by using his casting vote, Speaker Narayan Fugro saved the government. A defeat of the demands for grants would have led to an exit of the Kakodkar government. The same episode was repeated on 18 April 1979 and Speaker Narayan Fugro's casting vote led to the demands for grants being passed.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Exit of Shashikala Kakodkar's Ministry===<br /> The tribulations of Shashikala Kakodkar's second Ministry went on in the Assembly Session. The rebellion by MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar had reached its last stage and it was almost certain that the duo would join ranks with the Opposition to cause the exit of Shashikala Kakodkar's government. Even if a single additional MLA of the M. G. Party would have joined ranks with the rebels, the government led by Kakodkar would have been in danger. Hence, attempts were rife to obtain the support of another MLA in favour of the rebels.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 19 April 1979, the discussion was held as regards the demands for grants for three departments: Administration of Justice; Land Revenue, Stamps &amp; Registration; and Legislature Secretariat of the [[Union Territory]]. Seven MLAs participated in the discussion but the discussion could not be concluded. The House was adjourned to meet again on 20 April 1979. When the House met on Friday, 20 April 1979 at 2:30&amp;nbsp;p.m., there was a lot of chaos in the House. The Speaker adjourned the House for 14 minutes at 2:40&amp;nbsp;p.m. When the House met again pursuant to the adjournment, the chaos continued. Subsequently, the Speaker adjourned the House to meet again on Monday, 23 April at 2:30&amp;nbsp;p.m.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The reason behind the din on 20 April 1979 was that Kakodkar's Law Minister Shankar Vishveshwar Laad had joined ranks with the rebels after resigning as a Minister. He along with MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar had withdrawn support from the Kakodkar government. MLAs Laad, Desai and Narvekar joined the Opposition and staked a claim to form the government under Laad's leadership.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Speaker Narayan Fugro too supported the majority faction and personally met the [[Lieutenant Governor]] to intimate the same. As a consequence, the House witnessed an Opposition which had the majority of 17 members (including Speaker Fugro) while the Chief Minister Kakodkar had the support of only 13 MLAs. Hence, the government lost the majority in the House. But Kakodkar did not resign and as a result, chaos happened in the Assembly on 20 April 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; Chief Minister Kakodkar called on the Lieutenant Governor but refused to resign and both agreed that the Assembly was the appropriate place to hold a trial of strength on 23 April 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Kakodkar was desperately in need of one MLA to tilt the balance in her favour and pass the Appropriation Bill and thus save the government.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> It was under these circumstances that the House met next on Monday, 23 April 1979. As the House met, there was utter chaos in the House. Speaker Fugro was prevented from proceeding towards the Speaker's chair by four Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party MLAs&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; amid loud slogans. The House then had turned into a battleground of sorts. Paperweights, chairs, the Constitution and microphones were hurled at each other. The Speaker's chair was vandalised and even [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s bust in the House was not spared. The newspapers then described the incident as a blot on the democratic tradition of the Assembly and also published photographs of the vandalism which occurred in the House.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> There was much confusion in the House and it was under these circumstances that Speaker Fugro put the cut motion on demands for grants no. 3- Administration of Justice, to vote. The cut motion was accepted and the division of votes was 15–13. The success of the cut motion meant an exit of the Kakodkar government. Subsequently, Speaker Narayan Fugro stood on the podium and amid the din, declared the defeat of the government on the cut motion and adjourned the House ''sine die''. After Speaker Fugro left the House, the Deputy Speaker Makanbhai Morarji Bhatela&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; occupied the Speaker's chair and announced that the House was adjourned to meet again at 2:30&amp;nbsp;p.m. on 24 April 1979. Subsequently, Speaker Fugro again entered the House and adjourned the House ''sine die''.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Kakodkar sat quietly and it was only later that she castigated the behaviour of her MLAs. In a bid to safeguard her position, she is supposed to have declared that she would not accept the Speaker's ruling because it was not made from the Speaker's chair but from the corner of the dais. The Lieutenant Governor P. S. Gill who received the Speaker's report stated that a defeat on the cut motion to budgetary demands was tantamount to a no-confidence motion in the ministry and that he was convinced that Shankar Laad enjoyed the majority. It was not left to the Union Government to take a decision regarding whether Laad should be allowed to form the ministry or whether [[President's rule]] should be imposed.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Shashikala Kakodkar subsequently rushed to [[New Delhi]] with the Deputy Speaker Bhatela, which was seen as an attempt to apparently make the transfer of power in favour of Laad as difficult as possible. She called on the [[President of India]] [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]], [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Morarji Desai]] and the [[Union Home Minister]] [[Hirubhai M. Patel]] probably urging them to dissolve the Assembly and impose President's rule.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Nine of Kakodkar's supporters (loyal M. G. Party MLAs) dispatched telegrams to New Delhi to this effect to bolster her case.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Shashikala Kakodkar resigned as the Chief Minister on 26 April 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sabharwal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Sabharwal |first= Gopa |year=2007 |title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years |publisher=Penguin Books India}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 28 April 1979, President's rule was imposed in Goa, Daman and Diu for six months with a provision for its extension. The then Prime Minister of India Morarji Desai rationalised that political horse trading should not take place in pursuance of forming a new government. The Prime Minister's opinion was criticised by some as being against the established parliamentary tradition of the person commanding the largest majority (Shankar Laad in the present case) being invited to form the government. The [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the Assembly, Ananta Narcinva (Babu) Naik, criticised the imposition of President's Rule by accusing Prime Minister of India Morarji Desai of having &quot;squarely slaughtered&quot; democracy by not allowing the Shankar Laad group of 17 legislators to form the new government. Shashikala Kakodkar's supporters welcomed the imposition of the President's Rule.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Wilfred de Souza, the President of the [[Goa Pradesh Congress Committee]], disclosed that the Indian National Congress was parting ways with the [[Janata Party]] in Goa for the latter's failure to prevail on the [[Union Government]] led by Janata Party's Morarji Desai to allow an alternate government despite Laad's majority. Wilfred de Souza held the General Secretary of the Janata Party G. Y. Bhandare and the Prime Minister's son Kanti Desai responsible for the imposition of [[President's Rule]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[1980 Indian general election]], Kakodkar played an active role in ensuring the victory of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party candidate Sanyogita Rane Sardesai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Switching-loyalties-didnt-help-most-LS-candidates/articleshow/33092389.cms|title=Switching loyalties didn't help most LS candidates – Times of India|work=indiatimes.com|date=2 April 2014 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101131124/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Switching-loyalties-didnt-help-most-LS-candidates/articleshow/33092389.cms|archive-date=1 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; from the [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2860.htm|title=Members Bioprofile|work=47.194|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729141216/http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2860.htm|archive-date=29 July 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rane Sardesai remains the only woman ever elected to the [[Parliament of India]] from Goa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/ExMGP-MP-Sanyogita-dead-at-96/110421.html|title=Ex-MGP MP Sanyogita dead at 96|work=heraldgoa.in|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000955/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/ExMGP-MP-Sanyogita-dead-at-96/110421.html|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Praise and criticism ==<br /> Political commentators like Sarto Esteves have lavished praise on Kakodkar for her victory in the 1977 Goa Legislative Assembly election and for her contribution to education, agriculture, industries and social and medical services. Esteves praises her abilities and behaviour which depicted that &quot;Goans could ensure political stability and run the administration of the Territory without constant and continual overseeing by the Centre [New Delhi].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;esteves1986&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Other less-generous critics of Kakodkar indict her of running a corruption-prone government, which was particularly dominated by Goa's then-strong transport lobby, and which saw a lot of her fellow [[Gomantak Maratha Samaj]] caste members gain predominance in government postings. Towards the end of her tenure, Kakodkar's government was hit by two major agitations—one led by traditional fishermen protesting against a policy which saw mechanised fishing eating majorly into their interests, and another campaign by students demanding a 50% bus fare concession for all bona fide students. The latter was largely successful.&lt;ref name=&quot;shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/37477/9/09_chapter%203.pdf | title=The contribution of women as a chief ministers of state | access-date=31 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101161318/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/37477/9/09_chapter%203.pdf | archive-date=1 January 2017 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakodkar's government also faced a major embarrassment after the annual financial budget was leaked in the Marathi daily ''Gomantak'', even before it was placed before the Assembly.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===''Ramponkar'' agitation===<br /> The ''Ramponkar'' agitation by tradition fishermen protested against the mechanisation of fishing. The transition in Goa from traditional to mechanised fishing led to the woes of the ''ramponkar''s (traditional fishermen) being unheard. The ''ramponkar''s had several complaints against mechanised fishing. Mechanised fishing through [[fishing trawler]]s posed a serious threat to the livelihood of ''ramponkar''s.&lt;ref name=&quot;D'Cruz&amp;Raikar2004&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=D'Cruz|first1=Sharon|last2=Raikar|first2=Avinash|title=Ramponkars in Goa: Between Modernisation, Government and the Deep Blue Sea|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|date=15 May 2004|volume=39|issue=20|pages=2048–2054}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 1975, the ''Goemchya Ramponkarancho Ekvott (G. R. E.)'' was formally established at the [[Institute Menezes Braganza]]. In 1976, the ''Goemchya Ramponkarancho Ekvott (G. R. E.)'' forwarded the first memorandum to Chief Minister Kakodkar. However, the response of the government failed to respond favourably and accused the G. R. E. of misleading the traditional fishermen.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gaonkar&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Fishery Management |first1=Rekha R. |last1=Gaonkar |first2=Maria D. C. |last2=Rodrigues |first3=R. B. |last3=Patil |publisher=APH Publishing |year=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hzrfb8I9jqkC |isbn=9788131303207 |access-date=29 December 2016 |pages=46–47, 62–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; Around this time, the Union Government started various schemes to develop the fishing industry. These schemes were supplemented by government aid and the fishermen were encouraged to seek loans from the banks. The big fishing trawler-owners invested in large-scale fishing for huge profits. The livelihood of the ''Ramponkar''s was threatened but the government failed to respond to their woes.&lt;ref name=&quot;D'Cruz&amp;Raikar2004&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1976, the ''ramponkar''s went on a chain hunger strike for 380 days. The ''ramponkar''s were supported by the Opposition Indian National Congress and Janata Party leaders such as Ananta Narcinva (''Babu'') Naik, [[Ferdino Rebello]], [[Victoria Fernandes]], Evagrio George. Freedom fighter [[Mohan Ranade]] also lent his support to the agitation.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; A citizens' committee was formed and the issue was debated for the first time in the [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]. However, no constitutional action could be taken as the Union Government had declared an Emergency. The ''ramponkar''s held a 40-day dharna at the chief minister's residence and a demonstration in Panaji. In 1978, the second general body meeting of the ''Goemchya Ramponkarancho Ekvott (G. R. E.)'' was held and the organisation undertook several local agitations across Goa against the use of mechanised fishing trawlers. It held a protest march meeting in Panaji demanding a five-kilometre zone that would be free from trawlers and purse seiners. A ban on fishing during monsoons was also demanded.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.icsf.net/en/samudra/detail/EN/3755.html|title=ICSF – International Collective in Support of Fishworkers – SAMUDRA Report|work=icsf.net|access-date=15 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101231552/http://www.icsf.net/en/samudra/detail/EN/3755.html|archive-date=1 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; By 1978, the fishing sector in Goa had been highly mechanised and most trawler owners had political connections. A ''morcha'' by ''ramponkar''s to the Secretariat in Panaji turned violent resulting in stone pelting.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; When on 27 January 1978, 85 ''ramponkar''s were arrested and the stalemate continued, two M. G. Party MLAs Dilkush Desai and Dayanand Narvekar, backed what they called the &quot;just demands&quot; of the ''ramponkar''s and criticised the Central Government as well as the local [[fisheries]] Minister.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The trawler owners tried to maximise their profits and embarked on a legal battle.&lt;ref name=&quot;D'Cruz&amp;Raikar2004&quot;/&gt; In May 1978, they challenged the Portuguese Act of 1897 in the Judicial Commissioner's Court. In his judgment, Justice Tito Menezes was bad as the act was bad as the state government could not follow an ambivalent policy. He opined that night trawling and fishing during monsoons should stop. Following this, there were sporadic protests, agitations, ''morchas'' and arrests. The trawlers continued to dredge the bed of the shore as it was 'legal' from their point of view. The trawlers were interested in fishing within a 2-kilometre zone primarily because this zone was the breeding ground and habitat of most of the species that were demand in the international markets.&lt;ref name=&quot;D'Cruz&amp;Raikar2004&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The ''Goemchya Ramponkarancho Ekvott'' (''G. R. E.'') realised that a local struggle would not yield the desired results and hence decided to associate with the national leaders. In 1978, they formed the National Forum for Catamaran and Country Boat Fishermen Rights and Marine Life (N. F. F.). The G. R. E. was affiliated to it. The state government patronised the trawlers and developed fish-landing jetties. In July 1978, [[José Matanhy de Saldanha|Matanhy Saldanha]] was appointed the Chairman of the N. F. F.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/goa-minister-matanhy-saldanha-passes-away/article3019497.ece|title=Goa Minister Matanhy Saldanha passes away|work=thehindu.com|date=21 March 2012|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101162942/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/goa-minister-matanhy-saldanha-passes-away/article3019497.ece|archive-date=1 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Memorandums were submitted to the Prime Minister of India, Union Fisheries Minister and all Members of the Parliament. For the first time, the issue was debated in the Parliament of India and a representative of the N. F. F. was sent to New Delhi to demand a Central Marine Bill. In September 1978, a delegation of the N. F. F. was informed that a model bill would be circulated in all the fishing states to introduce a legislation in their respective [[Vidhan Sabha]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;D'Cruz&amp;Raikar2004&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1979, Matanhy Saldanha was jailed on false charges and later acquitted by the Additional Sessions Judge. By 1980, the ''ramponkar''s had renewed their agitation against non-fishing vessels and mechanised trawlers that caught juvenile [[mackerel]]s and [[sardine]]s against Order No. 21-8-81-FSH/6. This was one of the provisions incorporated in the Goa, Daman and Diu Marine Fishing Regulation Act, 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://mpeda.gov.in/MPEDA/pdf/state_mfras/mfra_goa.pdf | title=The Goa, Daman and Diu Marine Fishing Regulation Act, 1980 and Rules, 1982 | access-date=1 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101162131/http://mpeda.gov.in/MPEDA/pdf/state_mfras/mfra_goa.pdf | archive-date=1 January 2017 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;D'Cruz&amp;Raikar2004&quot;/&gt; In 1980, the Union Government led by [[Indira Gandhi]] circulated to all the States a draft of the Marine Regulation Bill which was to be enacted in the respective Vidhan Sabhas, because fisheries was a subject in the [[State List]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gaonkar&quot;/&gt; Meanwhile, clashes between the ''ramponkar''s and trawler owners worsened as the latter demanded the implementation of the Bill. There was clashes and the ''rampon''s were burnt in Velsao, Cansaulim, Benaulim and Betalbatim. The failure of the Kakodkar government to handle the agitation was one of the reasons for the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party's defeat in the [[1980 Goa Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref name=&quot;D'Cruz&amp;Raikar2004&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===50% bus fare concession movement===<br /> The other major movement faced by the Shashikala Kakodkar Ministry was the movement by students demanding a 50% bus fare concession for all bona fide students.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.babushahi.com/full-news.php?id=51314|title=Goa's First Woman CM Shashikala Kakodkar Was Never Vindictive..... Remembers Aires Rodrigues|work=babushahi.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102050444/http://www.babushahi.com/full-news.php?id=51314|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1978, the All Goa Students' Union and the All India Students' Organization, Goa unit, launched a movement demanding concession in bus fares for all bona fide students. The student community in Goa felt that all students should get a 50% concession in bus fares like fellow students in other states of India. The private bus owner's lobby led by the All Goa Bus Owners' Association was very powerful then and also had the backing of the Kakodkar-led government. The student bodies demanded that the government should provide a concession of 50% for all bona fide students in Goa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.goanews.com/blogs_disp.php?bpid=1124|title=आमी तिचो निशेध केलो; तिणे आमकां मोग दिलो|work=goanews.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102080715/https://www.goanews.com/blogs_disp.php?bpid=1124|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.targetgoa.in/blogpost/bidding-farewell-to-my-friend-shashikala-kakodkar/|title=Bidding farewell to my friend Shashikala Kakodkar – Target Goa|work=targetgoa.in|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101231800/http://www.targetgoa.in/blogpost/bidding-farewell-to-my-friend-shashikala-kakodkar/|archive-date=1 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 29 December 1978, the students issued a press note announcing their decision to pay only concessional fare from January 1979 should the government delay their demand. They fixed the concessional fare table and set up a committee to deal with any complaints of resistance from bus operators. Student commuters were told to immediately report any resistance to student representatives. The agitation spread across Goa like wildfire.&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/For-Tai-all-was-fare-in-love-and-war-with-agitating-students/articleshow/55123407.cms|title=For Tai, all was 'fare' in love and war with agitating students – Times of India|work=indiatimes.com|date=29 October 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410013505/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/For-Tai-all-was-fare-in-love-and-war-with-agitating-students/articleshow/55123407.cms|archive-date=10 April 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buses were burnt&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;/&gt; as violence erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;/&gt; [[Bandh]]s were observed and students held protest marches.&lt;ref name=&quot;mail-archive.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@goanet.org/msg07180.html|title=[Goanet]MEMORIES OF A VERY VIBRANT AGITATION|work=mail-archive.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102080052/https://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@goanet.org/msg07180.html|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The students braved [[Baton charge|lathi charge]]s and [[tear gas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;/&gt; Student leaders such as Desmond D'Costa were detained too.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;/&gt; But after hectic parleys, the Kakodkar government finally conceded to the demand of the students on 12 January 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> Many leaders of the 50% bus fare concession movement subsequently became towering figures in Goa's public life. These include journalist Sandesh Prabhudesai;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;/&gt; lawyers such as Aires Rodrigues and Satish Sonak;&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mail-archive.com&quot;/&gt; District &amp; Sessions Judge Desmond D'Costa,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://superlawyer.in/justice-desmond-d-costa-on-bringing-justice-to-the-people-legal-education-and-the-indian-judicial-system/|title=Justice Desmond D' Costa, on bringing justice to the people, legal education and the Indian Judicial System – SuperLawyer – share your career experience and professional insights with law students and lawyers|first=G.R Kare College of|last=law|work=superlawyer.in|date=18 September 2016|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101232542/https://superlawyer.in/justice-desmond-d-costa-on-bringing-justice-to-the-people-legal-education-and-the-indian-judicial-system/|archive-date=1 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;/&gt; etc.<br /> <br /> ===Budget leak incident===<br /> The Marathi daily ''Gomantak'' had always stood solidly behind the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in its propaganda for the merger with Maharashtra. The generally very cordial relations with ''Gomantak'' however soured during the last years of the Kakodkar government. Fernandes states that during Kakodkar's last years in regime, there is a reason to believe that the editor of ''Gomantak'' tried to influence the functioning of the government. When Chief Minister Kakodkar refused to give in, the ''Gomantak'' attempted to embarrass Kakodkar by publishing the entire budget of 1978–79 in the newspaper even before it was presented before the Assembly. The Opposition criticised the government and stated that the leakage of the budget had proved the government's inefficiency as it was unable to guard the most important secret document of the administration. The Opposition demanded the resignation of the government led by Kakodkar.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Shashikala Kakodkar alleged that the budget leak was a conspiracy against her government and demanded that it the culprits be severely punished. The accreditation of the reporters were withdrawn and some employees of the Government Printing Press were suspended after an enquiry. This budget leak adversely affected the image of the government.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Post-1980 politics==<br /> After the exit of the Kakodkar Ministry in 1979, President's rule was imposed on 28 April 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Fresh elections to Legislative Assembly would decide the next [[Chief Minister of Goa]]. Prior to the 1980 Goa Legislative Assembly election, many changes took place in Goa's political arena.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The two M. G. Party MLAs who had played a pivotal role in the ouster of the Kakodkar government were Dayanand Narvekar and Dilkush Desai. Narvekar joined the Indian National Congress in December 1979 and was soon followed by Desai. At that time, the Indian National Congress in Goa was known as the [[Indian National Congress (Urs)]] faction because after the Indian National Congress split of 1978, the Congress Legislature Party in the Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly identified itself with the Indian National Congress (Urs). The Indian National Congress (Urs) as a political party in Goa was led by its President Wilfred de Souza, who was not a MLA. The Indian National Congress led by Indira Gandhi (''Indira Congress'') also had its presence in Goa and was led by [[Purushottam Kakodkar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; But as far as the 1980 Goa Legislative Assembly election were concerned, the Indian National Congress (Urs) (''Urs Congress'') as well as the ''Indira Congress'' had an understanding between themselves. The Indian National Congress (Urs) led by Wilfred de Souza had a seat sharing agreement with the ''Indira Congress'' and the latter was given six constituencies. The Indian National Congress (Urs) contested in twenty-two constituencies while one constituency was left for an independent candidate.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; Indira Gandhi addressed a public meeting on 12 December 1979 at Panaji's [[Azad Maidan (monument)|Azad Maidan]] grounds where she apologised to the people for imposing a state of Emergency in 1975. She expressed the need for developing Goa without harming its natural beauty.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The 1980 Assembly Elections, the Indian National Congress (Urs) emerged victorious in 20 out of the 22 constituencies in which it contested. While the ''Indira Congress'' won no seats, the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party secured victory in only seven constituencies. The independents won three seats and Shashikala Kakodkar was defeated in the Bicholim constituency by Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye, an independent candidate.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/goa/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html|title=Goa Assembly Election Results in 1980|work=elections.in|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105084400/http://www.elections.in/goa/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html|archive-date=5 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pratapsingh Rane]] became the Chief Minister of Goa and [[Dayanand Narvekar]] secured a berth in his Ministry.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; In a subsequent cabinet expansion, Harish Zantye was also included as a Minister.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The 1980 Indian general election resulted in the ''Indira Congress'' emerging victorious. [[Indira Gandhi]] became the Prime Minister of India and many members of the Indian National Congress (Urs) attempted to rejoin the ''Indira Congress''. The Indian National Congress (Urs) government in Goa too started negotiations for rejoining the Indian National Congress led by Indira Gandhi. The Goa Pradesh Executive of the Indian National Congress (Urs) passed a resolution deciding to merge with the Indian National Congress. The merger occurred in the second week of February 1980. On 12 February 1980, Chief Minister Pratapsingh Rane announced that the government in Goa was that of the ''Indira Congress''.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Entry into the Indian National Congress===<br /> When the Indian National Congress (Urs) faction in Goa merged itself with the Indian National Congress led by Indira Gandhi, five MLAs of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (Vishnu Rama Naik, Deu Mandrekar, Narsinhbai Tandel, Vinayak Chodankar and Somjibhai Solanki) also joined the Indian National Congress in 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; On 20 March 1980, [[A. R. Antulay]] announced in New Delhi that Shashikala Kakodkar, the President of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, had joined the Indian National Congress along with her followers. On 22 March 1980, Kakodkar stated that the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party's Executive had agreed for the merger of the party within the Indian National Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; This would mean the demise of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. Kakodkar stated that the reason behind her joining the Indian National Congress was that she wanted to be in the mainstream.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Kakodkar's announcement was opposed by many senior leaders of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. On 23 March 1980, a meeting was held under the leadership of Mukund Shinkre (former [[Lok Sabha]] [[Member of Parliament]]) where the party workers and leaders including M. S. Prabhu decided not to permit the merger of the party. A temporary committee was established under the Presidency of Mukund Shinkre.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; The two MLAs of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (who had not joined the Indian National Congress) opposed Kakodkar's stance and made every attempt to ensure that the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party survived. These two MLAs were Ramakant Khalap and Babuso Gaonkar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.loksatta.com/vishesh-news/goas-first-woman-cm-shashikala-kakodkar-1328741/|title=कुशल प्रशासक, कणखर नेत्या|date=30 October 2016|work=loksatta.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106103438/http://www.loksatta.com/vishesh-news/goas-first-woman-cm-shashikala-kakodkar-1328741/|archive-date=6 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ramakant Khalap was appointed as the [[Opposition leader]] in the Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/3703.htm|title=Biographical Sketch of Member of XI Lok Sabha|work=47.132|access-date=15 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017210303/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/3703.htm|archive-date=17 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Belekar points out&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt; that if the merger of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party had occurred in 1980, the Legislative Assembly would virtually have no Opposition members at all. The Assembly then had 20 MLAs of the Indian National Congress and seven MLAs of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, while the remaining three were Independents. If Khalap and Gaonkar had joined the Indian National Congress along with the remaining five MLAs of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, there would exist no Opposition at all in the Assembly.&lt;ref name=&quot;belekar2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Kakodkar aimed to secure positions within the Goa Pradesh Congress Committee organisation for herself and her supporters. But Wilfred de Souza threatened to resign if he was deprived of the position of the Goa Pradesh Congress Committee's president.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Kakodkar was not comfortable in the Indian National Congress and she quit the party.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Remembering-Goas-only-woman-CM/articleshow/55123400.cms|title=Remembering Goa's only woman CM – Times of India|work=indiatimes.com|date=29 October 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Formation of the Bhausaheb Bandodkar Gomantak Party ===<br /> Kakodkar decided to return to the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. The party was then led by Mukund Shinkre. A historic meeting to facilitate Kakodkar's return to the party was organised by the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party's stalwarts such as Dr. Wilfred Menezes Mesquita, J. J. Rodrigues and Shankar Bandekar. But the talks failed&lt;ref name=&quot;heraldgoa.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Remembering-tai/TRIBUTE-SHASHIKALA-KAKODKAR-1935-TO-2016/107895.html|title=TRIBUTE: SHASHIKALA KAKODKAR, 1935 TO 2016|work=heraldgoa.in|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106103303/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Remembering-tai/TRIBUTE-SHASHIKALA-KAKODKAR-1935-TO-2016/107895.html|archive-date=6 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Kakodkar established a new political party called the Bhausaheb Bandodkar Gomantak Party of which she became the President.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatimes.com&quot;/&gt; Kakodkar contested the 1984 Assembly elections from both [[Canacona]] and [[Marcaim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Marcaim]] constituencies as an independent candidate but lost the elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/Statistical%20Report%201984%20GOA.pdf | title=Statistical report on general election, 1984 to the legislative assembly of Goa | access-date=5 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018225832/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/Statistical%20Report%201984%20GOA.pdf | archive-date=18 October 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Return to Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party ===<br /> Kakodkar rejoined the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party by merging the Bhausaheb Bandodkar Gomantak Party into the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party.&lt;ref name=&quot;heraldgoa.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===The 1989 elections===<br /> The 1989 elections to the first Goa State Legislative Assembly were held for 40 constituencies on 22 November 1989. Since the Indian National Congress managed to achieve a wafer-thin majority with 21 seats, Pratapsingh Rane was elected as the Chief Minister of Goa by the Congress Legislature Party. Rane was sworn in as the first Chief Minister of the newly established State of Goa on 11 January 1990. Rane faced a dilemma as there were too many aspirants for ministerial posts.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Dr. [[Luis Proto Barbosa]] reluctantly accepted the Speaker's post.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Rane decided to expand his cabinet in two phases and assured his legislators that he would soon expand the Cabinet after the Budget Session.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> But Rane' strategy did not succeed and his promise of expanding the Cabinet after the Budget Session in March 1990 was shattered as a group of seven MLAs led by Speaker Barbosa split from the Indian National Congress to christen itself as the Goa People's Party (GPP). The GPP staked claim to form a new Ministry with the support of the 18 Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party MLAs and Independent MLA Ananta Narcinva (''Babu'') Naik.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The GPP consisted of MLAs dissatisfied due to their exclusion from the Cabinet and included Dr. Luis Proto Barbosa (Speaker), [[Churchill Alemao]], [[Farrel Furtado]], [[Mauvin Godinho]], Somnath Zuwarkar, Luis Alex (''Mama'') Cardozo and John Baptist Gonsalves.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; The coalition government of the GPP, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and an Independent was named as the Progressive Democratic Front (PDF) Government. After a hectic political transition by making Churchill Alemao the interim Chief Minister of Goa on 27 March 1980 for a period of just 17 days (Alemao was the Chief Minister from 27 March 1980 to 13 April 1990) and appointing Ramakant Khalap as the Deputy Chief Minister, Speaker Barbosa was made the Chief Minister of Goa. Union Minister [[George Fernandes]] played an instrumental role in the formation of the PDF Government. Dr. Luis Proto Barbosa resigned as the Speaker and was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Goa on 13 April 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Shashikala Kakodkar was sworn in as a Minister in the cabinet headed by Dr. Barbosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/9091/9091-2-SII-EOG-3.pdf | title=Government of Goa - Notifications | access-date=8 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183919/http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/9091/9091-2-SII-EOG-3.pdf | archive-date=9 January 2017 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakodkar was allotted the portfolios of Education, Art &amp; Culture, Transport and Fisheries.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Contribution as Education Minister===<br /> Kakodkar's tenure as Education Minister is widely noted for her policy on the medium of instruction for primary level schools across Goa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://englishnews.thegoan.net/columnist-details.php?id=288|title=No peace in the parivar|work=thegoan.net|access-date=15 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184248/http://englishnews.thegoan.net/columnist-details.php?id=288|archive-date=9 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakodkar's policy of providing government grants to primary (Class I to IV) schools in Goa mandated that grants would be allotted only to schools imparting primary level education in [[Konkani language|Konkani]] or [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. The policy would be implemented from June 1990. Kakodkar managed to convince the then Chief Minister of Goa Dr. Luis Proto Barbosa and the Official Language Minister Churchill Alemao who too supported the decision.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; As a consequence of Kakodkar's policy, many primary schools changed their medium of instruction to Konkani or Marathi from English. 130 primary schools operated by the Church's Diocesan Society of Education overnight changed their medium of instruction from English to Konkani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://m.goanews.com/blog_details.php?id=1106|title=Goa News – Disconnect MoI from Grants|work=goanews.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109021609/http://m.goanews.com/blog_details.php?id=1106|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakodkar also decided not to permit the establishment of any new primary schools imparting education in English, but this policy was not adhered to by the subsequent governments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://www.education.goa.gov.in/cir13/State%20Govt%20decision%20on%20MOI%20policy.pdf | title=Medium of Instruction | access-date=8 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030074946/http://www.education.goa.gov.in/cir13/State%20Govt%20decision%20on%20MOI%20policy.pdf | archive-date=30 October 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 4 December 1990, Shashikala Kakodkar along with the Deputy Chief Minister Ramakant Khalap and three other Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party ministers from the PDF Government resigned after differences within Goa's first coalition government.&lt;ref name=&quot;fernandes1997&quot;/&gt; Chief Minister Dr. Luis Proto Barbosa finally resigned on 10 December 1990, before the voting on the no-confidence motion could take place.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/uploads/report/119_report_Business_Transacted_During_the_Fourth_Session_December__1990.pdf | title=A brief report of the Business Transacted during the Fourth Session (December) 1990 of the First Legislative Assembly of the State of GOA | access-date=8 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183944/http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/uploads/report/119_report_Business_Transacted_During_the_Fourth_Session_December__1990.pdf | archive-date=9 January 2017 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Post 1990 politics==<br /> Kakodkar was elected to the Goa Legislative Assembly in the 1994 elections from the [[Maem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Maem]] constituency as a Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party candidate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StaticialReportGOA94.pdf | title=Statistical report on general election, 1994 to the legislative assembly of Goa | access-date=8 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018233205/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StaticialReportGOA94.pdf | archive-date=18 October 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1999, Kakodkar contested the Goa Legislative Assembly as from the Maem constituency as a Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party candidate but was defeated by Prakash Fadte of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReportof%20Goa-99.pdf | title=Statistical report on general election, 1999 to the legislative assembly of Goa | access-date=8 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329123952/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReportof%20Goa-99.pdf | archive-date=29 March 2017 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakodkar contested her last election unsuccessfully as a Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party candidate from the Maem constituency and was defeated by Harish Zantye of the Indian National Congress.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_se2002_GA.pdf | title=Statistical report on general election, 2002 to the legislative assembly of Goa | access-date=8 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019010524/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_se2002_GA.pdf | archive-date=19 October 2016 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; After the defeat in the 2002 elections, Kakodkar did not contest any subsequent election.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==Other positions held==<br /> Kakodkar served as the Chairperson of the [[Kala Academy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Vaz1997&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Vaz |first= J. Clement |year=1997 |title=Profiles of Eminent Goans, Past and Present |publisher=Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was the chairperson, Goa, Daman and Diu Industrial Development Corporation; chairperson, Goa, Daman and Diu State Sports Council; chairperson, Goa Cancer Society; President, Red Cross Committee (Goa Branch)&lt;ref name=&quot;Vaz1997&quot;/&gt; and the Working President of the Marathi Bhavan Nirman Committee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/tai-raises-eyebrows-over-marathi-akademi-working-wants-govt-to-intervene-/10179.html|title=Tai-raises-eyebrows-over-Marathi-Akademi-working-Wants-Govt-to-intervene-|work=heraldgoa.in|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109113449/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/tai-raises-eyebrows-over-marathi-akademi-working-wants-govt-to-intervene-/10179.html|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 1998, Kakodkar was appointed the Chairperson of the Goa Bal Bhavan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/9899/9899-35-SII-OG.pdf | title=The Government of Goa - Notifications | access-date=8 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183922/http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/9899/9899-35-SII-OG.pdf | archive-date=9 January 2017 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From 1991 to 1992, Kakodkar also served as the Chairperson of the Committee on Petitions and a member of the Committee on Public Undertakings in the Goa Legislative Assembly.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vaz1997&quot;/&gt; She served as the President of the Panjim Gymkhana Club, Panaji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tsag.org/pages/124/SPORTS-CLUBS.html |title=Sports Authority of Goa |access-date=22 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507194029/http://www.tsag.org/pages/124/SPORTS-CLUBS.html |archive-date=7 May 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Social activism and philanthropy==<br /> Kakodkar also assisted the [[Goa Football Association]] in reviving the [[Bandodkar Gold Trophy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/bandodkar-gold-cup-set-for-revival-after-21-years/|title=Bandodkar Gold Cup set for revival after 21 years – The Navhind Times|work=navhindtimes.in|date=7 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109114105/http://www.navhindtimes.in/bandodkar-gold-cup-set-for-revival-after-21-years/|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goa-fa.com/index.php/media-center/post-formats/173-gfa-condoled-the-passing-away-of-smt-shashikala-kakodkar|title=GFA condoled the passing away of Smt. Shashikala Kakodkar|work=goa-fa.com|access-date=15 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184140/http://www.goa-fa.com/index.php/media-center/post-formats/173-gfa-condoled-the-passing-away-of-smt-shashikala-kakodkar|archive-date=9 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was a patron of many social&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lokvishwasgoa.in/our-story/|title=Our Story – Lokvishwas Pratisthan|work=lokvishwasgoa.in|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109115023/http://lokvishwasgoa.in/our-story/|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and religious organisations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author1=Nt |url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/ayyappa-temple-gopuram-dedication-tomorrow/|title=Ayyappa temple gopuram dedication tomorrow – The Navhind Times|work=navhindtimes.in|date=25 June 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109114344/http://www.navhindtimes.in/ayyappa-temple-gopuram-dedication-tomorrow/|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2006, Kakodkar participated in the ''Marathi Bachao Aandolan'' movement during the tenure of [[Luizinho Faleiro]] as Goa's Education Minister against making English a compulsory language at the primary level.&lt;ref name=&quot;shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in&quot;/&gt; Sheo the convener of the ''Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch'' which subsequently became the [[Goa Suraksha Manch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/shashikala-kakodkar-bbsm-condolence-meet-november-5-6-goa-panaji-3729806/|title=BBSM to hold condolence meet for Shashikala Kakodkar on November 5, 6|date=30 October 2016|work=indianexpress.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184334/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/shashikala-kakodkar-bbsm-condolence-meet-november-5-6-goa-panaji-3729806/|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/BBSM-convenes-condolence-meetings-for-Kakodkar-/107944.html|title=BBSM convenes condolence meetings for Kakodkar|work=heraldgoa.in|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109113627/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/BBSM-convenes-condolence-meetings-for-Kakodkar-/107944.html|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Honours==<br /> Shashikala Kakodkar received an [[honorary doctorate]] by her alma mater, the [[Karnatak University]] of [[Dharwad]], in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/394389/kud-honorary-doctorates-nine.html|title=KUD honorary doctorates for nine|work=deccanherald.com|date=25 March 2014 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303174515/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/394389/kud-honorary-doctorates-nine.html|archive-date=3 March 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Kakodkar died on 28 October 2016 at the Bandodkar House&lt;ref name=&quot;navhindtimes.in1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author1=Nt |url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/shashikala-cremated-with-full-state-honours/|title=Shashikala cremated with full state honours|work=navhindtimes.in|date=30 October 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319230151/http://www.navhindtimes.in/shashikala-cremated-with-full-state-honours/|archive-date=19 March 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; in Altinho, [[Panaji]] after a prolonged illness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/820218/goas-first-woman-chief-minister-shashikala-kakodkar-dies-at-81|title=Goa's first woman chief minister Shashikala Kakodkar dies at 81|author=Scroll Staff|work=scroll.in|date=28 October 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183854/https://scroll.in/latest/820218/goas-first-woman-chief-minister-shashikala-kakodkar-dies-at-81|archive-date=9 January 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Government of Goa]] declared a two-day state mourning in her honour.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.uniindia.com/goa-govt-declares-2-day-state-mourning-in-honour-of-shashiakala-kakodkar/other/news/669761.html |title=Goa Govt declares 2-day State mourning in honour of Shashiakala Kakodkar |access-date=8 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184139/http://www.uniindia.com/goa-govt-declares-2-day-state-mourning-in-honour-of-shashiakala-kakodkar/other/news/669761.html |archive-date=9 January 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; She was cremated on 29 October 2016 at the St. Inez crematorium in Panaji with full state honours.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/shashikala-kakodkar-former-goa-chief-minister-last-rites-3728934/|title=Hundreds of people witness last rites of Goa's only woman CM Shashikala Kakodkar|date=29 October 2016|work=indianexpress.com|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319040421/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/shashikala-kakodkar-former-goa-chief-minister-last-rites-3728934/|archive-date=19 March 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;navhindtimes.in1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kakodkar, Shashikala}}<br /> [[Category:Chief ministers of Goa]]<br /> [[Category:Women in Goa politics]]<br /> [[Category:Women chief ministers of Indian states]]<br /> [[Category:1935 births]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:People from Panaji]]<br /> [[Category:2016 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Chief ministers from Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women philanthropists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian academic administrators]]<br /> [[Category:Women academic administrators]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Goa]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu nationalists]]<br /> [[Category:Daman and Diu politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Women members of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Karnatak University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century women philanthropists]]<br /> [[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1967–1972]]<br /> [[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1972–1977]]<br /> [[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1977–1980]]<br /> [[Category:Goa MLAs 1989–1994]]<br /> [[Category:Goa MLAs 1994–1999]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaya_Wewa&diff=466970 2026-02-28T01:55:06Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: further enhanced details after review additionally and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Sri lankan patriotic slogan}}<br /> {{refimprove|date=July 2023}}<br /> '''Jaya Wewa''' ({{Langx|si|ජය වේවා}}) is a [[salutation]] and [[slogan]] used in [[Sri Lanka]], best translated as &quot;May you be victorious&quot; or &quot;Victory&quot; in [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]]. It is most often used [[patriotism|patriotically]] in the phrase &quot;Sri Lanka Jaya Wewa&quot; (ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජය වේවා; {{translation|''Victory to Sri Lanka''}}). It is used in political speeches, as a [[battle cry]], as a [[chant]] at sporting events, or to support [[Social movement|rallies]]. It is used equivalently to the [[India|Indian]] phrase “[[Jai Hind]],” or the [[Pakistan]]i phrase “[[Pakistan Zindabad]].”<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The word ''jaya'' (ජය) in Sinhalese means &quot;victory&quot;, and is borrowed from [[Sanskrit]] &quot;jaya&quot; ([[wikt:जय|जय]]), which means &quot;triumph, victory, cheers, bravo, rejoice&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Duncan Forbes (1958). [https://books.google.com/books?id=EWtOAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA307 A Dictionary, Hindustani &amp; English: Accompanied by a Reversed Dictionary, English and Hindustani]. W.H. Allen and Company. p. 307.&lt;/ref&gt; The word is very commonly used throughout Sinhalese literature, such as the ''[[Mahāvaṃsa]]''. In a Sanskrit context, the word appears in both [[Vedas|Vedic]] texts such as the ''[[Atharvaveda]]'', as well as post-Vedic texts such as the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Monier Monier-Williams. &quot;jaya (जय)&quot;. [https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc2/index.php Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899 (Updated 2009)]. [[Harvard University Press]].&lt;/ref&gt; It is the same root word as the one used in the [[India]]n patriotic slogan &quot;[[Jai Hind]]&quot;.<br /> <br /> The word ''wewa'' (වේවා) in Sinhalese means &quot;may it happen&quot;. For example &quot;subha davasak wewā&quot; (සුභ දවසක් වෙවා), which translates to &quot;May you have a good day&quot;. Broken down it means &quot;subha&quot; (good) + &quot;davasak&quot; (day) + &quot;wewā&quot; (may it happen).<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Jaya Wewa gained prominence as a slogan and chant in favor of the [[Sri Lankan independence movement]].<br /> <br /> Jaya Wewa was also used during the [[2022 Sri Lankan protests]], also known as Aragalaya. Many crowds were heard chanting &quot;Aragalayata Jaya Wewa&quot; or &quot;Victory to the struggle&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;IANS (2022). [https://www.deccanherald.com/international/sri-lankan-police-fire-tear-gas-against-protesters-near-pms-office-1126284.html Sri Lankan Police fire tear gas against protesters near PM's office]. [[Deccan Herald]].&lt;/ref&gt; It is also used colloquially to wish the country success in getting out of its current [[Sri Lankan economic crisis (2019–present)|economic crisis]].<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[wikt:जय|Jaya]]<br /> * [[Jai Hind]]<br /> * [[Pakistan Zindabad]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Culture of Sri Lanka]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalaiyar_Kovil&diff=507561 2026-02-16T11:57:33Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: New stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Temple in India}}<br /> {{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> &lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --&gt;{{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Arulmigu Sornakaleeswarar Temple,Kalaiyarkovil<br /> | nickname = Thirukanaper<br /> | image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br /> |size = 250<br /> |photo1a = Kalayarkoil (4).jpg<br /> |photo2a = Kalayarkoil (1).jpg<br /> |photo3a = Kalayarkoil (13).jpg<br /> |photo4a = Kalayarkoil (12).jpg<br /> |photo5a = Kalayarkoil (11).jpg<br /> |photo5b = Kalayarkoil (10).jpg<br /> |photo6a = Kalayarkoil (7).jpg<br /> |photo6b = Kalayarkoil (15).jpg<br /> }}<br /> | image_caption = Kalayarkoil<br /> | pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = kalayarkoil, Tamil Nadu<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|<br /> 9.8457|N|78.6314|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Pandya Nadu]]<br /> | subdivision_type4 = Division<br /> | subdivision_name4 = [[Madurai]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = Block<br /> | governing_body = Kalayarkoil Panchayat Union<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 25<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 94<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 630551<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = 04575<br /> | registration_plate = TN-63<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = {{convert|63|km|mi}} WEST ([[NHAI|Road]])<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Madurai]]<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = {{convert|120|km|mi}} NORTH ([[Indian Railways|Rail]])<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Trichirapalli]]<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = {{convert|134|km|mi}} SOUTH ([[Indian Railways|Rail]])<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Rameswaram]]<br /> | official_name = Kalayarkoil<br /> | seat_type = Seat<br /> | seat = Panchayat Union Office of kalaiyarkovil<br /> | parts_type = Village Panchayats<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Name of temple ==<br /> '''Kalaiyar Kovil ''' derived its name from the [[Kaleeswarar temple|kaleeswarar Temple]] the place. Kalaiyar is a corruption of the word Kaleeswaran. During the Sangam period, this place was known as '''Kaanapair''' as can be seen from the 21st verse in the [[purananooru]] sung by Iyur moolakizhar, a poet of the Sangam period. In the ninth century A.D. Saint Sundara moorthy nayanar described the presiding deity in his devotional songs as '''Kaalai'''. Since then the deity was known as '''Kalaiyar''', with the Tamil sufix '''yar''' added to it denoting respect. The temple came to be known as '''Kalaiyar Kovil''' and this was later adapted to the place also. It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-10-07 |title=A narrow escape for Kalayarkoil temple tower |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-narrow-escape-for-kalayarkoil-temple-tower/article6479571.ece |access-date=2023-06-21 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Hinduism small}}<br /> <br /> ==Temple structure==<br /> A lofty Rajagopuram ({{convert|150|feet|disp=sqbr}}) and an imposing Teppakkulam tank (with a mandapam) named Aanai madu adorn this shrine. Airavatam the elephant of [[Indra]] is said to have created this tank. There are three shrines in this temple associated with the three functions of creation, preservation and completion. '''''Maruthu Pandiyars''''' built a big wall like a place around the temple to safe guard the temple but it was demolished by the Britishers during the war, '''Colonel James Welsh''' wrote all the details and drawing of the castle in his book '''Military Reminiscences 2'''. The presiding deity Lord shiva is called as Kaaleeshwarar, Someshwarar, Sundareshwarar and the Ambal his consort mother Parvati is called as Swarnambikai, Soundara Nayaki, Meenakshi. Additional to that there are three separate shrines for both the male and female deities of famous Shiva temples in a mandapam outside the shrine.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> == Seat of kings ==<br /> Kalaiyarkoil was the seat of the kings from very early days. King Vengai Marban ruled over this area [[Sangam period]] It was the stronghold of rulers of Sivangangai. It was also the seat of the sivaganga rulers like Muthu Vatuka Natha Thevar and [[Maruthu brothers]].{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> == Legend ==<br /> KaliDevi fought against chandasuran at kalayarkovil. She prayed the kaleeswarar lingam and joined hands with saptha mathargal and won the battle. That is why the place is named as kalipuram.<br /> <br /> Dhakshinakalaipuram, jothiwanam, mandharavanam, mokshapradam, kaandhaaram, dhavasthikaram, vedhaaruvanam, bhoologakailaayam, makaakaalapuram, akashathiyapuram are other names of the kalayarkoil&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=திருக்கானப்பேர் - திருக்கானப்பேரூர் (காளையார்கோயில்) - Tirukkanapper / Kalaiyarkoil Temple - sthala puranam |url=https://shaivam.org/hindu-hub/temples/place/88/thirukanapper-kaleeswarar-temple/#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=shaivam.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> 700 years old. The three lingathrumenis are separate sanctums and the three Shivalayams are composed of parivar sculptural sila murthas with rising thirumenis in Agama style. Here Shiva, Amman, Surya, Chandra, Murugan and Sandikeswarar are all three. A view of Sundarar in the shape of a bull, swinging in Tirumudi with gold in hand. Cursed by Nandi - Airavatam was solved by Niradi. Agathiyar, Ashtatik Balars and Thirumals passed through. Somesara- Worshiped by Brahma, Chandra and Kubera. Consecrated by Sundareswarar- '''Varaguna Pandyan'''. Kaliswarar- Special Swayambu Thirumeni for Umadevi. Here there is a Varuna Lingam anointed by Varuna. Kalipuri is worshiped by Goddess Kali . Idapapuri due to the worship of Taurus . Ganapuri because of Mahakalar-Srigaruparswami worship .A dense area of deodar trees - Deodaruvanam. 3 shrines. Proverb- To find a bull - to destroy some - to suffer from a choker . The Maruthu Pandyas surrendered to the British to protect the temple tower . Suvarnavalli turned black and worshiped Kali Kalisuvara after Bandasura Vatam . The place where Tirunavukkarasar was shown in the form of a bull. Sundarar, Gnanasambandhar - the place where the song was written. Vaikasi festival for Somesaru, Aadiperuvizha for Kalainathar, Navratri-Sangabhishekam, Tiruvadhirai-Thaibhusaperuvizha. On the north corner of the big banyan tree is a goddess walking on a sword with a thirukula.<br /> <br /> The fort of Khanap Barreil has a deep moat, a sky-high wall, nyails that lurk in the sky like fishes and attack the enemy, dark forests around which the sun cannot penetrate, and chitturs where valiant citizens live.<br /> <br /> Thirukanapper Udayan, a small land king, came in the 13th century under the rule of Tribhuvana Emperor Maravarman Sundara Pandya with this town as his capital.<br /> <br /> On 25 June 1772, the Company forces under Col. Joseph Smitt and Cap. Bonjour marched towards Kalayar Kovil. The second king of [[Sivaganga]], Muthu Vaduga Natha Thevar (1750–1772). The third ruler of the Kingdom of Sivaganga was Rani Velu Nachiyar. She reigned from 1772 to 1780. After Velu Nachiyar's reign, the Marudu brothers, Periya Marudu and Chinna Marudu, governed the kingdom. They are the fourth king of sivaganga [[Maruthu brothers]]<br /> Rajah Muthu Vaduganatha Thevar in anticipation of the English invasion made preparations for defence. But Rajah Muthu Vaduganatha Thevar with many of his soldiers died in the kalaiyarkoil battle. The invading English forces plundered Kalaiyarkoil and collected jewels worth 50,000 pagodas. Afterwards Rani Velu Nachiyar defeated the English invasion and took control of Sivagangai. A statue of the Fourth King of sivaganga [[Maruthu Pandiyar]] and their chief commander [[Udhaya Perumal Gounder]] who died in the war is also installed in the temple premises.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Military Reminiscences Vol 1 |page=397 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284822/page/n10/mode/1up}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Kalaiyarkoil temple belongs to THNRCE [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-10-27 |title=Maruthu brothers' Guru puja passes off peacefully |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/maruthu-brothers-guru-puja-passes-off-peacefully/article25346892.ece |access-date=2023-06-21 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=THIRUKANAPER-SIVAN/திருக்கானப்பேர்/காளையார்கோயில்#சிவன்/காளீசர்,சேமேசர்,சுந்தரேசர்.தி.த-254+அ-86 - Naavaapalanigo Trust |url=https://www.naavaapalanigotrust.com/index.php/kovils/tn-kovil-list/thirukanaper/1306-thirukanapersivan254-86 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=www.naavaapalanigotrust.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Festivals==<br /> Kaaleesar's festival is celebrated in the month of Thai where the [[car festival]] is observed during the [[Poosam]]. Someswarar's Bhrammotsavam is celebrated in the Tamil month of Vaikasi. the float festival also happens then. [[Aadi Pooram]] is celebrated for [[Swarnavalli amman]].<br /> <br /> Maruthu Pandiyar Gurupoojai is celebrated every year on 27 October as an honour for the Fourth king of Sivaganga [[Maruthu Pandiyars]]. People from various parts visit kalayarkovil by cars, buses and bikes to get dharshan from god maruthiruvars.<br /> <br /> '''Kalaiyar Kovil''' is a Town and a Panchayat Union in [[Sivaganga District, Tamil Nadu]], India.<br /> Kalayarkoil is a Taluk in Sivaganga District of Tamil Nadu State, India. It is located 18&amp;nbsp;km east from District headquarters Sivaganga.466&amp;nbsp;km from State capital [[Chennai]].{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> == Location ==<br /> The famous sorna Kaleeswara temple is in [https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=588 kalayarkoil], Sivaganga District, {{convert|18|km|abbr=on}} east of [[Sivagangai]].NH-85 thondi- madurai-cochin National Highways connects kalayarkoil with other major towns.SH 29 connects kalaiyarkoil with paramakudi, Ilayangudi, karaikudi.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> == Suburbs of Kalaiyarkovil ==<br /> <br /> == [[National Textile Corporation|Industry]] ==<br /> [[National Textile Corporation]] has a mill in the town previously known as Kaleeswara mills B unit. The majority of inhabitants are dependent on agriculture. The service sector is growing rapidly.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> == Tourism ==<br /> Major tourism attraction was the kalayarkoil temple and King Periya Maruthupandiyar Temple opposite to it.Among the nearest important places, [[Kollangudi kali]] Temple is one of prominent Hindu shaktam worship shrine.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Archaeology and recent discoveries==<br /> Rare sculpture of a king on an elephant from the 15th century discovered near Pandiyan Fort in Kalayarkoil. <br /> The New Indian Express<br /> <br /> Potsherds with inscriptions and artifacts (e.g. “Mosidhaban” in Tamil) found near Kalayarkoil. <br /> The New Indian Express<br /> <br /> Iron Age to medieval artifacts from sites like Ellanthakarai show long cultural continuity. <br /> The Hindu<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/Feb/05/rare-sculpture-found-in-tamil-nadus-kalayarkoil-2544693.html?utm_&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education and institutions==<br /> <br /> District Institute of Education and Training (DIET), Kalayarkoil, is located here. It began functioning on 28 April 1993. <br /> Dietsiva Ganga{{fact|date=February 2026}}<br /> <br /> Other local schools (government higher secondary etc.) exist; the temple complex has historical inscriptions referencing land grants by local donors.{{fact|date=February 2026}}<br /> <br /> == Transport ==<br /> Kalaiyarkoil well connected with major towns through Buses.Direct bus to trichy, madurai, sivaganga, karaikudi, tanjore, kumbakonam, paramakudi, pattukottai is available.Nearest airport is [[Madurai Airport]] (63&amp;nbsp;km).Nearest Railway station [[Sivaganga railway station]] 18&amp;nbsp;km and kallal railway station 16&amp;nbsp;km{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> <br /> Kalayarkoil has an average elevation of 94 metres (308 feet). The town has a tropical wet and dry climate. The maximum temperature during summer is 37&amp;nbsp;°C or {{convert|98.6|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and during winter it is 28&amp;nbsp;°C or {{convert|82.4|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. The minimum temperature varies from 23.9 to 27.8&amp;nbsp;°C (75.0 to 82.0&amp;nbsp;°F). The seasonal climate conditions are moderate and the weather is uniformly salubrious. The town gets the majority of its rainfall during the north east monsoon period. The average annual rainfall is 931 millimetres or 36.65 inches.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> <br /> {{Weather box<br /> |location = kalayarkoil<br /> |metric first = Yes<br /> |single line = Yes<br /> |width = auto<br /> |temperature colour = pastel<br /> |Jan high C = 28.6<br /> |Feb high C = 30.3<br /> |Mar high C = 32.1<br /> |Apr high C = 35.8<br /> |May high C = 37.0<br /> |Jun high C = 37.0<br /> |Jul high C = 34.9<br /> |Aug high C = 33.6<br /> |Sep high C = 33.5<br /> |Oct high C = 31.7<br /> |Nov high C = 30.1<br /> |Dec high C = 28.5<br /> |Jan low C = 23.9<br /> |Feb low C = 23.8<br /> |Mar low C = 24.8<br /> |Apr low C = 27.1<br /> |May low C = 27.8<br /> |Jun low C = 27.3<br /> |Jul low C = 26.7<br /> |Aug low C = 26.3<br /> |Sep low C = 26.0<br /> |Oct low C = 25.5<br /> |Nov low C = 24.7<br /> |Dec low C = 24.1<br /> |rain colour = green<br /> |Jan rain mm = 30.4<br /> |Feb rain mm = 11.5<br /> |Mar rain mm = 18.1<br /> |Apr rain mm = 49.2<br /> |May rain mm = 75.1<br /> |Jun rain mm = 47.9<br /> |Jul rain mm = 64.2<br /> |Aug rain mm = 73.4<br /> |Sep rain mm = 91.7<br /> |Oct rain mm = 181.6<br /> |Nov rain mm = 196.5<br /> |Dec rain mm = 91.9<br /> |source = Climate kalayarkoil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yr.no/place/India/Tamil_Nadu/kalayarkoil/statistics.html|title=Weather statistics for kalayarkoil|work=yr.no|access-date=4 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |date = February 2013<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Maruthu Pandiyar]]<br /> * [[Sivaganga]]<br /> * [[Velu Nachiyar]]<br /> * [[Hindu temple]]<br /> * [[Karaikudi]]<br /> *[[Arulmigu Sornakaleeswarar Temple, Kalaiyarkovil]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> *http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=95<br /> * [[Maruthu Pandiyar]]<br /> *https://www.academia.edu/40072636<br /> *https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3QIAAAAQAAJ<br /> *https://archive.org/details/militaryreminisc01wels/page/n19/mode/2up<br /> *https://web.archive.org/web/20050211134142/http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/25/stories/2004102511960300.<br /> *https://scroll.in/magazine/851114/remembering-the-maruthu-pandiyar-brothers-the-leaders-of-the-south-indian-rebellion-of-1801<br /> *https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284822/page/n9/mode/1up<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Kalayar Kovil}}<br /> *[http://wikimapia.org/#lat=9.8464213&amp;lon=78.6368001&amp;z=17&amp;l=0&amp;m=b Wikimapia]<br /> * https://web.archive.org/web/20090525164047/http://www.shivatemples.com/pnaadu/pn10.html<br /> * http://www.templenet.com/Tamilnadu/s091.html<br /> * http://www.kalaiyarkovil.com<br /> *[http://casualwalker.com/kalaiyar-kovil-kaleeswarar-temple-kalayarkovil-sivaganga-district-one-famous-14-lord-shiva-temples-pandiya-kingdom-visit-travel-guide Kalaiyar Kovil Kaleeswarar Temple at Kalayarkovil, Sivaganga District – one of the famous 14 Lord Shiva Temples in Pandiya Kingdom – Visit, Travel Guide]<br /> <br /> {{Geographic Location<br /> |title = <br /> |Northwest = [[Tirupathur, Sivaganga|Tirupathur]]<br /> |North = [[Karaikudi]]<br /> |Northeast = [[Devakottai]]<br /> |West = [[Sivaganga]]<br /> |Centre = Kalayar Kovil<br /> |East = [[Thondi]]<br /> |Southwest = [[Manamadurai]]<br /> |South = [[Ilayankudi]]<br /> |Southeast = [[Ramanathapuram]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Famous Shiva temples}}<br /> {{HinduMythology}}<br /> {{Sivaganga district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Madurai]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitakshara_Kumar&diff=517934 2026-02-16T03:21:21Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: made the bio nd citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian filmmaker and writer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Mitakshara Kumar<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | imagesize = <br /> | alt = <br /> | birth_date = 27 January {{year?}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Meerut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br /> | occupation = [[Filmmaker]]<br /> | years active = 2008–present<br /> | known_for = [[Heeramandi|Heeramandi:The Diamond Bazaar]]&lt;br&gt;[[The Empire (Indian TV series)|The Empire]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mitakshara Kumar''' is an Indian filmmaker and writer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=The Times of India |first=TOI |date=17 February 2023 |title=Mitakshara Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/mitakshara-kumar |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=The Times of India |first=TOI |date=24 December 2022 |title=Mitakshara Kumar: Male Directors Who've Made Just One Show Get Four Times More Money Than Me - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/mitakshara-kumar-male-directors-whove-made-just-one-show-get-four-times-more-money-than-me-exclusive/articleshow/96464940.cms |access-date=24 December 2022 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mitakshara graduated in B.A.(Hons.) Economics from [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]]. After completing her graduation, she pursued direction from [[Film and Television Institute of India]]. She started her career as an assistant director on the Hindi film, ''[[Bluffmaster!]]'', directed by [[Rohan Sippy]]. She produced an international feature-length American documentary, ''The Origin of Sound''.<br /> <br /> In 2015, Mitakshara joined [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] as an associate director on his magnum opuses [[Bajirao Mastani]] and [[Padmaavat]]. She is credited as the additional screenplay writer for [[Gangubai Kathiawadi]].<br /> <br /> Mitakshara Kumar made her directorial debut with ''[[The Empire (Indian TV series)|The Empire]]'' for [[Disney+ Hotstar|Disney+Hostar]] produced by [[Nikkhil Advani]]’s [[Emmay Entertainment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Indian Express |first=The |date=28 August 2021 |title=The Empire director Mitakshara Kumar: Wanted to make something that has honesty of Bharat Ek Khoj and scale of Padmaavat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-empire-director-mitakshara-kumar-in-the-middle-of-bharat-ek-khoj-and-padmaavat-7473687/lite/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Heeramandi]] (2024),'' a [[Netflix, Inc.|Netflix]] period drama series, is her latest work as she directs this along with Sanjay Leela Bhansali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2 June 2022 |title=Heeramandi finds a new Director; Vibhu Puri replaced with Mitakshara Kumar |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-heeramandi-finds-new-director-vibhu-puri-replaced-mitakshara-kumar/ |access-date=8 February 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Films and series ==<br /> * [[Heeramandi]] (2024)<br /> * [[Gangubai Kathiawadi]] (2022)<br /> * [[The Empire (web series)|The Empire]] (2021)<br /> * [[Padmaavat]] (2018)<br /> * [[Bajirao Mastani]] (2015)<br /> * [[Youngistaan]] (2014)<br /> * [[Amar Must Die]] (2014)<br /> * [[Rajjo]] (2013)<br /> * The origin Of Sound<br /> * [[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I AM]] (2010)<br /> * [[Dil Kabaddi]] (2008)<br /> * [[Mummy Punjabi]] (2007)<br /> * [[Bas Ek Pal]] (2006)<br /> * [[Bluffmaster!]] (2005)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * {{IMDb name|3128535}}<br /> * &lt;https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/binge-watch/story/the-empire-director-mitakshara-kumar-will-take-comparisons-with-game-of-thrones-as-a-compliment-1841948-2021-08-17&gt;<br /> * &lt;https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/entertainment/lucky-to-have--the-empire--as-my-directorial-debut--mitakshara.html&gt;<br /> * &lt;https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/web-series-review-the-empire-web-series-director-mitakshara-kumar-on-shooting-of-the-historical-fiction-show-staring-kunal-kapoor-21925280.html&gt;<br /> * &lt;https://www.gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/features/the-empire-hotstar-series-india-biggest-shabana-azmi-dino-morea-kunal-kapoor-drashti-dhami-2512470%3famp=1&amp;akamai-rum=off&gt;<br /> * &lt;http://www.deccanherald.com/content/32203/anurag-sinha-marry-girlfriend-nov.html&gt;<br /> * &lt;https://web.archive.org/web/20090706210636/http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&gt;<br /> * &lt;[https://archive.today/20140305204536/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/it-s-time-to-get-knotty/article1-469422.aspx]&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Mitakshara}}<br /> [[Category:1984 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women filmmakers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian filmmakers]]<br /> [[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Meerut]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandalapaka,_Visakhapatnam_district&diff=524094 2026-02-13T10:10:00Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Pandalapaka<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = te<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = [[Village]]<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|17.9076|N|83.3416|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Visakhapatnam district|Mandal]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Anandapuram mandal]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/586100-pandalapaka-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Pandalapaka Village Population - Anandapuram - Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 52<br /> | population_total = 1,115<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +05:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = 530 052<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> | mapframe-zoom = 14<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Pandalapaka''' is a village in [[Visakhapatnam district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is under of [[Visakhapatnam revenue division]].<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> <br /> {{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Pandalapaka has population of 1,115 of which 581 are males while 534 are females. Average Sex Ratio of Pandalapaka village is 919. Population of children with age 0-6 is 269 which makes up 13.65% of total population of village with child sex ratio 865. Literacy rate of Pandalapaka village is 50.36%.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Visakhapatnam district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Visakhapatnam district]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajat_Sharma&diff=451231 2026-02-10T02:48:39Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: General cleanup and content improvements</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian journalist}}<br /> {{use Indian English|date=April 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Rajat Sharma<br /> | image = File:Rajat_Sharma_at_IndiaTV_event.jpg<br /> | caption = Rajat Sharma in 2019<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|02|18|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | spouse = {{Marriage|Ritu Dhawan|1997}}<br /> | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Shri Ram College of Commerce]]|[[University of Delhi]]}}<br /> | organization = [[India TV]]<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|[[Journalist]]|[[Television presenter]]|[[Businessperson]]}}<br /> | awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2015)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rajat Sharma''' (born 18 February 1957) is an Indian journalist and businessperson acting as the chairman and Editor-in-Chief of [[India TV]], an Indian news channel. He is most known as host of Indian television show ''[[Aap Ki Adalat]]'', which first aired in 1993, making it the longest-running reality show in India's television history,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/aap-ki-adalat-21-years/|title=Aap ki Adalat: A Deserving Celebration of 21 Years|website=India TV News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206141231/https://www.indiatvnews.com/aap-ki-adalat-21-years/ |archive-date= Feb 6, 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, he was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], one of India's highest civilian awards.<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Sharma was born 18 February 1957 in Sabzi Mandi, Delhi.&lt;ref name=bio&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://rajatsharma.in/my-journey/ |title=Rajat Sharma r's personal and professional life |website=Rajat Sharma |access-date=24 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; He grew up with his six brothers and a sister, and did his schooling from Sanatan Dharm Middle School, Subzi Mandi (1963–71) and [[Ramjas School, Pusa Road]] (1971-74).&lt;ref name=bio/&gt; Meanwhile, he became part of the movement led by [[Jayprakash Narayan]], and involved with a small newspaper, 'Mashaal'. Subsequently, in 1975, when the Emergency was declared by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, he was arrested and imprisoned in Tihar Jail for 11 months for his activities with the movement. After his release, he pursued his higher education at the [[Shri Ram College of Commerce]] (SRCC) and joined [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP). In 1977, he was elected the General Secretary of the [[Delhi University Students Union]] (DUSU), with [[Vijay Goel (politician)|Vijay Goel]] as the Union's President.&lt;ref name=&quot;m345&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Mallick | first=Ashesh | title=Rajat Sharma shares unheard story of 1975 Emergency: 'I was beaten up and sent to Tihar Jail' | website=WATCH – India TV | date=10 March 2024 | url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/rajat-sharma-shares-unheard-story-of-1975-emergency-i-was-beaten-up-and-sent-to-tihar-jail-ani-podcast-with-smita-prakash-jp-movement-congress-updates-2024-03-10-920770 | access-date=16 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> [[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Bhushan Award to Shri Rajat Sharma, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 30, 2015.jpg|thumb|[[Pranab Mukherjee]] presenting the [[Padma Bhushan]] Award to Rajat Sharma]]<br /> After completing his M.Com. From SRCC, he started his journalism career as a researcher for veteran political columnist [[Janardan Thakur]] in the late 1970s.&lt;ref name=&quot;h998&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Defining Moments: Rajat Sharma: A difficult climb | website=afaqs! | date=18 July 2011 | url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/defining-moments/31145_defining-moments-rajat-sharma-a-difficult-climb | access-date=23 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon, he became a reporter with the fortnightly magazine ''Onlooker'', by 1984, he became chief-of-bureau, and its editor 1985 in Mumbai.&lt;ref name=&quot;h998&quot;/&gt; He went on to become the editor of the newspaper ''Sunday Observer'' in 1987 and later remained the editor of ''The Daily'' till 1992. In 1993, he started hosting ''Aap ki Adalat'', an interview show in the format of a courtroom (''Adalat'') on Zee TV.&lt;ref name=bio/&gt; Nearly a decade later he co-founded TV news channel [[India TV]] in 2004, along with his wife Ritu Dhawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=News channel promises to be different|url=http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/04/19/stories/2004041901130200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040602145631/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/04/19/stories/2004041901130200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 June 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2004-04-19|access-date=6 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Today he remains the chairman and Editor-in-Chief of India TV, an Indian news outlet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-india-tv-chairman-rajat-sharma-gives-success-tips-to-students-of-k-c-college-mumbai-510469 |title=India TV Chairman Rajat Sharma gives success tips to students of K.C. College, Mumbai |last=Kumari |first=Surbhi |date=23 March 2019 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en |access-date=24 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/rajat-sharma-chairman-and-editor-in-chief-india-tv-2017-promises-positivity-for-news-genre/487293/ |title=Rajat Sharma, Chairman and editor-in-chief, India TV: 2017 promises positivity for news genre |date=27 December 2016 |website=The Financial Express |access-date=24 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharma is said to be very close to the ruling BJP and the late [[Arun Jaitley]], a BJP politician&lt;ref name=&quot;Our Man in the Studio&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/man-studio-rajat-sharma-india-tv|title=Our Man in the Studio|date=2016-12-01|first1=Atul|last1=Dev|first2=Praveen|last2=Donthi|access-date=2024-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Dev |first=Atul |last2=Donthi |first2=Praveen |title=Rajat Sharma's path to becoming India's most powerful editor-entrepreneur |website=The Caravan |date=2016-12-01 |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/man-studio-rajat-sharma-india-tv |access-date=2024-10-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2014, India TV's former anchor Tanu Sharma filed FIR against two India TV executives, including Sharma, alleging that she faced harassment in the workplace leading her to attempt suicide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/vantage/india-tv-and-tanu-sharma|title=The murky case of India TV and its anchor Tanu Sharma|date=2014-07-04|access-date=2024-09-15|first=Sandeep|last=Bhushan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/tanu-sharma-harassment-protest-big-issue-draws-low-turnout-1599855.html|title=Tanu Sharma harassment protest: Big issue draws low turnout}}&lt;/ref&gt; In response, Sharma and Ritu Dhiman threatened to pursue legal action against her.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our Man in the Studio&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2023, Sharma filed a lawsuit against ''Ravindra Kumar Choudhary'', leading the Delhi High Court to restrain Choudhary from using the names “Baap Ki Adalat” and “Jhandiya TV,” which were deemed deceptively similar to Sharma's show “Aap Ki Adalat.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=Delhi High Court restrains use of 'Baap Ki Adalat', protects Rajat Sharma's personality rights |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-high-court-rajat-sharma-personality-rights-baap-ki-adalat-9383971/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The court ordered that Choudhary must cease using Sharma’s images and name across various platforms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-06-11 |title=HC stops 'Baap Ki Adalat' after journalist Rajat Sharma files suit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/hc-stops-baap-ki-adalat-after-journalist-rajat-sharma-files-suit/article68274324.ece |access-date=2024-10-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sharma has also filed a public interest litigation (PIL) in the Delhi High Court, urging the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] (MeitY) to identify and block platforms that facilitate deepfake creation, following his own experience with a malicious deepfake video.&lt;ref name=&quot;PIL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=Journalist Rajat Sharma files PIL in Delhi HC over deepfake videos - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/technology/delhi-hc-pil-from-journalist-rajat-sharma-over-deepfake-videos-19408682.htm |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The court acknowledged the urgency of the issue, indicating that political parties have raised similar concerns.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-05-09 |title=Delhi HC seeks Centre's reply to Rajat Sharma's plea against deepfake |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-hc-seeks-centres-reply-to-rajat-sharmas-plea-against-deepfake/article68153742.ece |access-date=2024-10-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharma’s PIL also calls for appointing a government nodal officer to manage deepfake complaints and advocates for clear disclosures of AI-generated content by platforms. He argued that current legislation does not adequately address the challenges posed by deepfakes.&lt;ref name=&quot;PIL&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> An RTI request filed by the Indian Express revealed that Sharma was not on the government's list of nominees but received the Padma Bhushan award at the recommendation of Arun Jaitley.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our Man in the Studio&quot;/&gt; He was President of the [[Delhi Cricket Association]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-02 |title=Journalist Rajat Sharma elected Delhi and District Cricket Association president |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/journalist-rajat-sharma-elected-delhi-and-district-cricket-association-president/story-RI5DQft2Rg8rSUHA7U9EYJ.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, he resigned only twenty months into his job citing corruption and various &quot;pulls and pressures&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Rajat Sharma resigns as DDCA president, cites various 'pulls and pressures' | work = The Indian Express | date=2019-11-16 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/rajat-sharma-resigns-as-ddca-president-6122467/ | access-date=2023-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 9 July 2024, he was unanimously elected as president of the [[News Broadcasters &amp; Digital Association]] (NBDA) which is known as the largest organisation of news broadcasters and digital media in India. He replaced the NBDA's previous president, Avinash Pandey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-07-09 |title=India TV's Rajat Sharma elected as NBDA president |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/india-tvs-rajat-sharma-elected-as-nbda-president/articleshow/111606864.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-10-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> <br /> * [[Padma Bhushan]] (2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/rti-reveal-many-padma-award-winners-not-from-list-of-nominees-2801185/ |title=Your right to know: Many Padma award winners not from list of nominees |date=15 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=24 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/bharat-ratna-for-madan-mohan-rajat-sharma-gets-padma-bhushan-49131.html |title=Bharat Ratna for Madan Mohan Rajat Sharma gets Padma Bhushan |last=Desk |first=India TV News |date=30 March 2015 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en |access-date=24 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/rajat-sharma-how-owner-and-face-of-india-tv-became-one-of-indias-most-powerful-editors/articleshow/46257240.cms |title=Rajat Sharma: How owner and face of India TV became one of India's most powerful editors |last=Singh |first=Rohini |last2=Venugopal |first2=Vasudha |date=16 February 2015 |website=The Economic Times |access-date=24 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; by the [[Government of India]] for his contributions through Journalism.<br /> <br /> ==Defamation suit==<br /> In June 2024, Rajat Sharma faced allegations from Congress leaders Ragini Nayak, [[Jairam Ramesh]], and [[Pawan Khera]], who claimed that he used abusive language during a live broadcast on the day of the Lok Sabha election results.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Prashant |date=2024-06-15 |title=Delhi High Court orders removal of social media posts claiming Rajat Sharma abused Congress leader on TV |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/delhi-high-court-remove-social-media-posts-claiming-rajat-sharma-abused-congress-leader-on-tv |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following these accusations, Sharma filed a defamation suit in the [[Delhi High Court]], seeking the removal of the tweets and videos in question. The Delhi High Court, after reviewing the case, ruled in favor of Sharma, stating that the continued presence of the alleged defamatory material could irreparably harm his reputation as a journalist.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Congress Leaders Ordered To Delete Social Media Posts Against Rajat Sharma |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-leaders-ordered-to-delete-social-media-posts-against-rajat-sharma-5899878 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The court ordered the removal of the tweets and directed social media platforms to make the related videos private until the case was resolved. Sharma's legal team contended that the Congress leaders only began tweeting about the allegations six days after the broadcast, suggesting a coordinated effort to damage his reputation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Journalist Rajat Sharma files defamation case against Congress leaders, Delhi HC reserves order on interim relief - ET LegalWorld |url=https://legal.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/litigation/journalist-rajat-sharma-files-defamation-case-against-congress-leaders-delhi-hc-reserves-order-on-interim-relief/111006382 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=ETLegalWorld.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Rajat}}<br /> [[Category:1957 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television executives]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television news anchors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television talk show hosts]]<br /> [[Category:Mass media people from New Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature &amp; education]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male television journalists]]<br /> [[Category:Journalists from Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Shri Ram College of Commerce alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]<br /> [[Category:Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]]<br /> [[Category:Delhi University Students Union]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nandamuri_Kalyan_Ram&diff=446786 2026-02-08T18:01:53Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: clean up</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actor and film producer}}<br /> {{family name hatnote|Nandamuri|lang=Telugu}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Nandamuri Kalyan Ram<br /> | image = Kalyan Ram.png<br /> | caption = Kalyan Ram in 2022<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|7|5|df=y}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/kalyan-ram.html |title=All you want to know about #KalyanRam |website=filmibeat.com |access-date=2 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710083353/http://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/kalyan-ram.html |archive-date=10 July 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]&lt;br&gt;(now in [[Telangana]]), India<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer}}<br /> | alma_mater = [[Illinois Institute of Technology]], [[Chicago]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Swati|2006}}<br /> | children = 2<br /> | parents = [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]] (father)<br /> | relatives = <br /> | family = See [[Nandamuri–Nara family]]<br /> | othername = <br /> | yearsactive = 1989; 2003–present<br /> }}<br /> '''Nandamuri Kalyan Ram''' (born 5 July 1978) is an Indian actor and film producer who works in [[Telugu cinema]]. He is the son of actor-politician [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]]. Ram is best known for his roles in [[action film]]s such as ''[[Athanokkade]]'' (2005), ''[[Hare Ram]]'' (2008), ''[[118 (film)|118]]'' (2019), and ''[[Bimbisara (film)|Bimbisara]]'' (2022). Ram is the chairperson of the production company [[N. T. R. Arts]], named after his paternal grandfather [[N. T. Rama Rao]].<br /> <br /> He also owns &quot;Advitha Creative Studios&quot;, a video effects company, which provided special effects for movies such as ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]'', ''[[Nannaku Prematho]]'' and ''[[Krishnashtami]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Kalyan Ram was born in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], to [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]] and his first wife, Lakshmi Kumari. He is the grandson of actor and politician [[N. T. Rama Rao]]. His half-brother, [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], is also an actor. Ram was schooled at St. Pauls, [[Hyderabad]] and KCP Siddardha Adarsh Residential School, [[Vijayawada]]. He obtained his engineering degree in [[Coimbatore]] and completed masters in [[Illinois Institute of Technology]], [[Chicago]]. Though he desired to join the film industry immediately after engineering, he pursued masters on the insistence of his father who wanted him to be first person in their family to earn a post-graduate degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/kalyanramnandamuri.html |title=Kalyan Ram Nandamuri - Telugu Cinema interview - Telugu film hero |website=www.idlebrain.com |access-date=2 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925023809/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/kalyanramnandamuri.html |archive-date=25 September 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> <br /> In 1989 Ram acted with his uncle [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] in the film [[Bala Gopaludu]] as a child artist.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} Later, he started his acting career in 2003 with ''[[Tholi Choopulone]]'' followed by ''[[Abhimanyu (2003 film)|Abhimanyu]]'', which were both commercial failures. In 2005, he established his own banner [[N.T.R. Arts]] under the name of his grandfather N. T. Rama Rao known as 'NTR'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://m.newshunt.com/india/english-newspapers/apherald/movies/exclusive-kalyan-ram-begins-a-vfx-company_30717521/c-in-l-english-n-apherald-ncat-Movies |title=Kalyan Ram begins a VFX Company |publisher=newshunt.com |date=15 July 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029093850/http://m.newshunt.com/india/english-newspapers/apherald/movies/exclusive-kalyan-ram-begins-a-vfx-company_30717521/c-in-l-english-n-apherald-ncat-Movies |archive-date=29 October 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He then produced ''[[Athanokkade]]'', which introduced [[Surender Reddy]] as a director, and it was a critical and commercial success. His next films ''[[Asadhyudu]]'', ''[[Lakshmi Kalyanam (2007 film)|Lakshmi Kalyanam]]'' and ''[[Vijayadasami (film)|Vijayadasami]]'' bombed at the box office. However, his 2008 release ''[[Hare Ram]]'' became a critical and commercial success. His 2009 release ''[[Jayeebhava]]'' and 2010 release ''[[Kalyanram Kathi]]'' emerged as commercial failures. In 2013, Ram produced and starred in ''[[Om 3D]]'' which was touted as India's first 3D action film and was released in late summer{{when|date=March 2020}} 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.25cineframes.com/kalyan-rams-om-releasing-on-july-19.html |title=Kalyan Ram's OM Releasing On July 19. |publisher=25cineframes.com |access-date=26 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite the hype, the film ended up as a [[Box office bomb|commercial failure]].&lt;ref name=Pataas&gt;{{cite web |title=Kalyan Ram turns police officer in his next film |url=http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&amp;pageid=30&amp;sectid=edid=&amp;edlabel=TOICH&amp;mydateHid=12-05-2014&amp;pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Chennai&amp;edname=&amp;articleid=Ar03001&amp;publabel=TOI |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141029074743/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&amp;pageid=30&amp;sectid=edid=&amp;edlabel=TOICH&amp;mydateHid=12-05-2014&amp;pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Chennai&amp;edname=&amp;articleid=Ar03001&amp;publabel=TOI |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 October 2014 |website=timesofindia.com |publisher=Times of India |access-date=22 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, Ram starred in ''[[Pataas]]'' which turned out to be a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] with positive reviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Pataas - Wait is over, It's a blockbuster!! |url=http://www.gulte.com/movienews/35524/Pataas-Wait-is-over-Its-a-blockbuster- |website=www.gulte.com/index.php/ |publisher=Gulte.com |access-date=30 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201051352/http://www.gulte.com/movienews/35524/Pataas-Wait-is-over-Its-a-blockbuster- |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; For the first time, he produced a film without himself as the lead, titled ''[[Kick 2]]'' under N.T.R. Arts. It stars [[Ravi Teja]] as a lead, and is directed by Surender Reddy, which turned out to be a flop at the box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ravi Teja Kick 2 in Kalyan Ram production |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ravi-Teja-Kick-2-in-Kalyan-Ram-production/movie-review/28337759.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ |publisher=Times of India |access-date=22 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ram's later release for 2015 featuring him as the lead was ''[[Sher (film)|Sher]]'' opposite actress [[Sonal Chauhan]]. It was directed by Mallikarjun and was produced by Vijayalakshmi Pictures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Vanya Mishra to romance Kalyanram |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Vanya-Mishra-to-romance-Kalyanram/articleshow/35561575.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ |publisher=The Times of India |access-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106030753/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Vanya-Mishra-to-romance-Kalyanram/articleshow/35561575.cms |archive-date=6 November 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2016, Ram produced and starred in [[Puri Jagannadh]]'s ''[[Ism (2016 film)|Ism]]'' as an undercover journalist.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ism first look |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/nandamuri-kalyan-rams-ism-first-look-poster-revealed-7085-slide-44068 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |publisher=International Business Times |access-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707014048/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/nandamuri-kalyan-rams-ism-first-look-poster-revealed-7085-slide-44068 |archive-date=7 July 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, he acted the lead role in the film ''[[MLA (2018 Telugu film)|MLA]]''&lt;ref name=MLA&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-03-23/Kalyan-Rams-MLA-Movie-Review--Rating-/368775 |title=Kalyan Ram's MLA Movie Review &amp; Rating |website=The Hans India |date=23 March 2018 |access-date=2 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324101627/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-03-23/Kalyan-Rams-MLA-Movie-Review--Rating-/368775 |archive-date=24 March 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''[[Naa Nuvve]]''. In 2019, he played the role of his father [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]] in the films ''[[N.T.R: Kathanayakudu]]'' and ''[[N.T.R: Mahanayakudu]]''. He then proceeded to star in [[K. V. Guhan]]'s ''[[118 (film)|118]]'' along with [[Shalini Pandey]] and [[Nivetha Thomas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jr-ntr-claps-first-shot-of-brother-kalyan-ram-s-new-film-see-photos/story-5novWo4adqvA5yzLWWgDYJ.html |title=Jr NTR claps first shot of brother Kalyan Ram's new film. See photos |date=2018-04-25 |work=www.hindustantimes.com/ |access-date=2018-05-14 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film became a critical and commercial success.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/118-movie-review-kalyan-ram-starrer-opens-positive-response-check-it-out-441895|title=118 Movie Review: Kalyan Ram starrer opens to positive response; check it out|publisher=Pinkvilla.com|access-date=22 September 2019|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714144708/http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/118-movie-review-kalyan-ram-starrer-opens-positive-response-check-it-out-441895|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=5383&amp;cid=6&amp;fid=6068|title=118 Final Total WW Collections|publisher=Andhraboxoffice.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ram's next release was the 2020 film ''[[Entha Manchivaadavuraa]]'' directed by [[Satish Vegesna]] of ''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]'' fame. It is an official remake of the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-language film ''Oxygen''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/interesting-update-on-nkrs-entha-manchivadavuraa.html|title=Interesting update on NKR's Entha Manchivadavuraa|website=123Telugu.com|date=23 August 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ram stars in the 2023 film ''[[Devil: The British Secret Agent]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2023-12-26 |title=Audience will have adrenaline rush in theatres: Nandamuri Kalyanram about 'Devil' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/audience-will-have-adrenaline-rush-in-theatres-nandamuri-kalyanram-about-devil-846964 |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Ram married Swathi on 9 August 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2006-06-22|title=Kalyan Ram to wed on Aug 9th - Tamil News|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/kalyan-ram-to-wed-on-aug-9th-tamil-news-23241|access-date=2020-10-11|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have two children, a son and a daughter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Venkatesh and Neeraja - Tollywood celebs and their less famous spouses|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/tollywood-celebs-and-their-less-famous-spouses/venkatesh-and-neeraja/photostory/63726726.cms|access-date=8 July 2021|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> === As an actor ===<br /> {{Pending films key}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes <br /> !{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1989 <br /> | ''[[Bala Gopaludu]]'' <br /> | Raja<br /> | Child artist<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2003<br /> | ''[[Tholi Choopulone]]''<br /> | Raju<br /> |Debut as a lead actor<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Abhimanyu (2003 film)|Abhimanyu]]''<br /> | Abhimanyu<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2005<br /> | ''[[Athanokkade]]''<br /> | Ram<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2006<br /> | ''[[Asadhyudu]]''<br /> | Pardhu<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007<br /> | ''[[Lakshmi Kalyanam (2007 film)|Lakshmi Kalyanam]]''<br /> | Ramu<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vijayadasami (film)|Vijayadasami]]''<br /> | Sivakasi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2008<br /> | ''[[Hare Ram]]''<br /> | Ram and Hari{{efn|Kalyan Ram played two characters.|name=dual}}<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2009<br /> | ''[[Jayeebhava]]''<br /> | Ram<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2010<br /> | ''[[Kalyanram Kathi]]''<br /> | Rama Krishna<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2013<br /> | ''[[Om 3D]]''<br /> | Arjun<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015<br /> | ''[[Pataas]]''<br /> | Kalyan<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sher (film)|Sher]]''<br /> | Gautham<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016<br /> | ''[[Ism (2016 film)|Ism]]''<br /> | Satya Marthand / Kalyan Ram<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018<br /> | ''[[MLA (2018 Telugu film)|MLA]]''<br /> | Kalyan Chaturvedi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Naa Nuvve]]''<br /> | Varun<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=27 August 2017|title=Not Aishwarya Lekshmi, Tamannaah Bhatia to star in Kalyan Ram's next|work=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/270817/tamannaah-bhatia-cast-opposite-kalyan-ram.html|url-status=live|access-date=28 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828123026/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/270817/tamannaah-bhatia-cast-opposite-kalyan-ram.html|archive-date=28 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2019<br /> |''[[N.T.R: Kathanayakudu]]''|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Nandamuri Harikrishna]]<br /> |Cameo<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[N.T.R: Mahanayakudu]]''<br /> |Cameo<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[118 (film)|''118'']]<br /> | Gautam<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> |''[[Entha Manchivaadavuraa]]''|| Balu <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> |''[[Bimbisara (film)|Bimbisara]]''<br /> | [[Bimbisara]] and Devadutta{{efn|name=dual}}<br /> | <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2021-09-22|title=Bimbisara to head for a release during Diwali!|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/bimbisara-to-head-for-a-release-during-diwali-707615|website=[[The Hans India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023 <br /> | ''[[Amigos (2023 film)|Amigos]]''<br /> | Siddharth, Manjunath Hegde and Michael alias Bipin Roy{{efn|Kalyan Ram played three characters.}} <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Devil: The British Secret Agent]]''<br /> |Trivarna / Agent Devil<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.gulte.com/movienews/271487/kalyan-rams-devil-grand-release-on-december-29th | title=Kalyan Ram's Devil grand release on December 29th | date=7 December 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> | ''[[Arjun Son Of Vyjayanthi]]''<br /> | Arjun Vishwanath<br /> | <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NKR21: Nandamuri Kalyan Ram and Saiee Manjrekar starrer big budget film begins with pooja ceremony|work=Pinkvilla|date=20 October 2023 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/nkr21-nandamuri-kalyan-ram-and-saiee-manjrekar-starrer-big-budget-film-begins-with-pooja-ceremony-1252658?amp|access-date=28 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === As a producer ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Notes<br /> !{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || ''[[Athanokkade]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2008 || ''[[Hare Ram]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Jayeebhava]]'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | 2010 || ''[[Kalyanram Kathi]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''[[Om 3D]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015 || ''[[Pataas]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kick 2]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Ism (2016 film)|Ism]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[Jai Lava Kusa]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''[[Bimbisara (film)|Bimbisara]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2024 ||''[[Devara: Part 1]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | TBA ||''[[Devara: Part 2]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.facebook.com/NandamuriKalyanram Nandamuri Kalyan Ram] on [[Facebook]]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/user/NTRARTSOFFICIAL N.T.R. Arts] on [[YouTube]]<br /> * {{IMDb name|id=2498217|name=Kalyan Ram }}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, Nandamuri Kalyan}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1978 births]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Illinois Institute of Technology alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Nandamuri–Nara family|Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu people]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2007_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season&diff=476589 2026-02-02T16:39:53Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: started initial bio added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}} &lt;!-- &quot;none&quot; is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --&gt;<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}}<br /> {{Infobox hurricane season<br /> | Basin=NIO<br /> | Year=2007<br /> | Track=2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map.png<br /> | First storm formed=May 1, 2007<br /> | Last storm dissipated=November 16, 2007<br /> | Strongest storm name=[[Cyclone Gonu|Gonu]]<br /> | Strongest storm pressure=920<br /> | Strongest storm winds=127<br /> | Average wind speed=3<br /> | Total disturbances=12<br /> | Total depressions=9<br /> | Total storms=4<br /> | Total hurricanes=2<br /> | Total intense=2<br /> | Total extreme=2<br /> | Total super=1<br /> | Fatalities=At least 16,248 total&lt;!--1098 before Sidr, 15000 currently from Sidr--&gt;<br /> | Damages=9710 &lt;!-- 9,712 --&gt;<br /> | Damagespre=~<br /> | Season timeline=Timeline of the 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season<br /> | five seasons=[[2005 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2005]], [[2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2006]], '''2007''', [[2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2008]], [[2009 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2009]]<br /> | Atlantic season=2007 Atlantic hurricane season<br /> | East Pacific season=2007 Pacific hurricane season<br /> | West Pacific season=2007 Pacific typhoon season<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season''' was one of the most active North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons on record. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern [[Indian Ocean]].<br /> <br /> The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the [[Northern Hemisphere]], east of the [[Horn of Africa]] and west of the [[Malay Peninsula]]. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean&amp;nbsp;— the [[Arabian Sea]] to the west of the [[Indian subcontinent]], abbreviated ''ARB'' by the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD); and the [[Bay of Bengal]] to the east, abbreviated ''BOB'' by the IMD.<br /> <br /> The official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]] in this basin is the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD), while the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] releases unofficial advisories. The [[tropical cyclone scales|tropical cyclone scale]] for this basin is detailed on the right. On average, 4 to 6 storms form in this basin every season.&lt;ref name=&quot;IMD&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm <br /> |title=IMD Cyclone Warning Services: Tropical Cyclones <br /> |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] <br /> |accessdate=2008-10-21 <br /> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104064430/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm <br /> |archivedate=November 4, 2008 <br /> |url-status=dead <br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> 2007 was an active year for this basin; it was the most destructive season in known history at this time, only for the [[2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2008 season]] to surpass it the next year. 2007 was also the first season to have multiple Category&amp;nbsp;5 cyclones (by the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Saffir Simpson Scale]]), and the two Category&amp;nbsp;5's, Sidr and Gonu, were also the first named Category&amp;nbsp;5 cyclones to form in their respective seas; Gonu in the Arabian Sea, and Sidr in the Bay of Bengal. Some other notable storms of the season include Akash and Yemyin, both of which caused substantial damage and deaths. At least 4,545&amp;nbsp;deaths were reported, and damage was about 6.4&amp;nbsp;billion dollars.<br /> __TOC__<br /> {{Clear}}<br /> <br /> == Seasonal summary ==<br /> {{See also|Timeline of the 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season}}<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;timeline&gt;<br /> ImageSize = width:781 height:191<br /> PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:50 left:20<br /> Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270<br /> AlignBars = early<br /> DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy<br /> Period = from:01/05/2013 till:01/12/2013<br /> TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal<br /> ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/05/2013<br /> Colors =<br /> id:canvas value:gray(0.88)<br /> id:GP value:red<br /> id:TD value:rgb(0,0.52,0.84) legend:Depression_(31–50_km/h)<br /> id:DD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Deep_Depression_(51–62_km/h)<br /> id:TS value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Cyclonic_Storm_(63–88_km/h)<br /> id:ST value:rgb(0.75,1,0.75) legend:Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(89–117_km/h)<br /> id:VS value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Very_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(118–165_km/h)<br /> id:ES value:rgb(1,0.45,0.54) legend:Extremely_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(166–220_km/h)<br /> id:SU value:rgb(0.55,0.46,0.9) legend:Super_Cyclonic_Storm_(≥221_km/h)<br /> Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas<br /> BarData =<br /> barset:Hurricane<br /> bar:Month<br /> PlotData=<br /> barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till<br /> from:03/05/2013 till:05/05/2013 color:TD text:&quot;BOB 01 (D)&quot;<br /> from:13/05/2013 till:15/05/2013 color:TS text:&quot;[[Cyclone Akash|Akash (CS)]]&quot;<br /> from:01/06/2013 till:07/06/2013 color:SU text:&quot;[[Cyclone Gonu|Gonu (SU)]]&quot;<br /> from:21/06/2013 till:22/06/2013 color:DD text:&quot;[[Cyclones BOB 03 and Yemyin|BOB 03]] (DD)&quot;<br /> from:24/06/2013 till:26/06/2013 color:TS text:&quot;[[Cyclones BOB 03 and Yemyin|Yemyin (CS)]]&quot;<br /> from:28/06/2013 till:30/06/2013 color:DD text:&quot;BOB 04 (DD)&quot;<br /> from:04/07/2013 till:09/07/2013 color:DD text:&quot;BOB 05 (DD)&quot;<br /> barset:break<br /> from:05/08/2013 till:07/08/2013 color:DD text:&quot;BOB 06 (DD)&quot;<br /> from:21/09/2013 till:24/09/2013 color:TD text:&quot;BOB 07 (D)&quot;<br /> from:27/10/2013 till:29/10/2013 color:TD text:&quot;BOB 08 (D)&quot;<br /> from:27/10/2013 till:02/11/2013 color:DD text:&quot;ARB 02 (DD)&quot;<br /> from:11/11/2013 till:16/11/2013 color:ES text:&quot;[[Cyclone Sidr|Sidr (ES)]]&quot;<br /> bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas<br /> from:01/05/2013 till:31/05/2013 text:May<br /> from:01/06/2013 till:30/06/2013 text:June<br /> from:01/07/2013 till:31/07/2013 text:July<br /> from:01/08/2013 till:31/08/2013 text:August<br /> from:01/09/2013 till:30/09/2013 text:September<br /> from:01/10/2013 till:31/10/2013 text:October<br /> from:01/11/2013 till:30/11/2013 text:November<br /> &lt;/timeline&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> == Systems ==<br /> === Depression BOB 01 ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=BOB 01 2007.jpg<br /> |Track=BOB01 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=May 1<br /> |Dissipated=May 5<br /> |3-min winds=25<br /> |Pressure=998<br /> }}<br /> An area of disturbed weather first formed east of the [[Malay Peninsula]] on April 26. It slowly consolidated, and the [[Thai Meteorological Department]] (TMD) designated the active low pressure area as a tropical depression on May 1 in the [[Gulf of Thailand]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.tmd.go.th/en/warningwindow.php?wID=428 <br /> |title=Tropical depression in the Gulf of Thailand No. 8 (134 / 2550) <br /> |publisher=Thai Meteorological Department<br /> |date=2007-05-01 <br /> |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130418220819/http://www.tmd.go.th/en/warningwindow.php?wID=428<br /> |archivedate=April 18, 2013<br /> |accessdate=March 14, 2022<br /> |url-status=live <br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Moving westwards, it made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] in the coastal areas of [[Chumphon]], and then moved into the [[Andaman Sea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Warning431&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.tmd.go.th/en/warningwindow.php?wID=431 <br /> |title=Tropical depression in the Gulf of Thailand No. 10 (136 / 2550) <br /> |publisher=Thai Meteorological Department<br /> |date=2007-05-01 <br /> |accessdate=2008-10-21 <br /> |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130418181616/http://www.tmd.go.th/en/warningwindow.php?wID=431<br /> |archivedate=April 18, 2013<br /> |url-status=live <br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The system strengthened slightly, and late on May 3, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) designated it as a depression. It then began to move northwards, and in the morning of May 5, it made a second landfall on the coast of [[Rakhine State]] in [[Myanmar]]. The system weakened into an area of low pressure shortly after, and the IMD issued its last bulletin.<br /> <br /> The TMD issued heavy rain and flash flood warnings for western [[Provinces of Thailand|provinces]] during the system's passage over the [[Isthmus of Kra]]. In [[Ratchaburi Province]], disaster response teams prepared for the evacuation of settlements in mountainous terrain on May 3.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://etna.mcot.net/query.php?nid=29216 |title=Heavy rain, flash flood warning in Thailand's north, west|publisher=MCOT English News |accessdate=October 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011110109/http://etna.mcot.net/query.php?nid=29216 |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; The next day, [[Prachuap Khiri Khan Province]] was declared a disaster zone after low-lying areas were flooded with waters up to one metre deep. In the [[Prachuap Khiri Khan|capital municipality]], a prison was inundated, necessitating the evacuation of prisoners to Ratchaburi. In addition, a portion of rail was flooded, but train services were not disrupted. In [[Surat Thani Province]], mudslides halted traffic in the municipal area. Multiple landslide warnings were also issued in other provinces. Northwestern provinces also braced for heavy rains following the system's second landfall.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://etna.mcot.net/query.php?nid=29232 |title=Southern province declares disaster zone after flooding<br /> |publisher=MCOT English News |accessdate=October 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011110215/http://etna.mcot.net/query.php?nid=29232 |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> TD2 caused about 18,485,400 Baht in damage.&lt;ref name=autogenerated1&gt;{{cite web | url=http://severe.worldweather.wmo.int/tcc/document/review/Thailand.doc | title=Severe Weather Information Centre }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This system was not considered to be a tropical depression by any other agencies while in the Gulf of Thailand, but was tracked by the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]]. The storm attained a maximum wind speed of {{convert|30|kn|km/h}} and a minimum pressure of 1006 hPa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Warning431&quot;/&gt;<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927111419/http://www.tmd.go.th/en/storm_tracking.php Operational Track] provided by TMD<br /> <br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Cyclonic Storm Akash ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=Akash May 14 2007 0700Z.jpg<br /> |Track=Akash 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=May 13<br /> |Dissipated=May 15<br /> |3-min winds=45<br /> |1-min winds=65<br /> |Pressure=988<br /> }}<br /> {{Main|Cyclone Akash}}<br /> On May 13, the [[India Meteorological Department]] declared a depression over the east central Bay of Bengal. It formed on May 10, and continued to intensify gradually. The [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] issued a TCFA on May 13 shortly before the IMD upgraded it to a depression. Later that day, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical cyclone, designating it 01B. On May 14, the IMD upgraded it to a deep depression, and six hours later it was designated the first cyclonic storm of the season, Akash. Akash continued to strengthen and the JTWC analysed it as having reached hurricane-force winds on May 14. It made landfall on the coast near the [[Bangladesh]]–[[Myanmar]] border early on May 15, and weakened quickly inland. The name, contributed by India, means &quot;sky&quot; in [[Hindi]].<br /> <br /> Akash killed at least one fisherman, and left about 100 others missing. Crops were destroyed and power was cut as Akash neared the coast, and almost 80,000&amp;nbsp;people had to be evacuated to cyclone shelters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2007-05-15/storm-kills-one-heads-towards-burma/30902|title=ABC Radio Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt; The seaport at [[Chittagong]] had to be closed, and all flights into and out of the city were cancelled.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/publish/article_36083.shtml<br /> |title=Depression turns into cyclonic storm: Port operation stopped<br /> |publisher=The New Nation<br /> |date=2007-05-14<br /> |accessdate=2008-10-21<br /> |archive-date=September 27, 2007<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927175644/http://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/publish/article_36083.shtml<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Heavy rains caused by the [[rainband]]s of the cyclone led to the [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2007#3rd ODI|third One Day International]] [[cricket]] match between [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] being abandoned.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/publish/article_36079.shtml|title=Cyclone alert ahead of final ODI|publisher=The New Nation|date=2007-05-14|accessdate=2008-10-21|archive-date=August 4, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804031204/http://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/publish/article_36079.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Overall, the storm killed at least 8 people in [[Myanmar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |title=Report On Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2010 |accessdate=2010-06-13 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716162544/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |archivedate=July 16, 2011 |df=mdy }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=Gonu 2007-06-04 0900Z.jpg<br /> |Track=Gonu 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=June 1<br /> |Dissipated=June 7<br /> |3-min winds=130<br /> |1-min winds=145<br /> |Pressure=920<br /> }}<br /> {{Main|Cyclone Gonu}}<br /> Gonu developed from a persistent area of convection in the eastern [[Arabian Sea]] on June 1. With a favorable upper-level environment and warm [[sea surface temperature]]s, it [[rapid deepening|rapidly intensified]] to attain peak winds of {{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on June 3, as warned by the [[India Meteorological Department]]. Gonu weakened after encountering dry air and cooler waters, and late on June 5, Gonu made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] on the easternmost tip of [[Oman]], becoming the strongest tropical cyclone to hit the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. Intense cyclones like Gonu have been extremely rare over the Arabian Sea, as most storms in this area tend to be small and dissipate quickly.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=14288|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070802070132/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=14288|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-08-02|title=NASA Earth Observatory: Tropical Cyclone Gonu|date=2007-06-04|accessdate=2007-06-05|work=NASA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The cyclone caused about $4.2&amp;nbsp;billion in damage (2007&amp;nbsp;USD) and 50&amp;nbsp;deaths in [[Oman]], where the cyclone was considered the nation's worst natural disaster. Gonu dropped heavy rainfall near the eastern coastline, reaching up to {{convert|610|mm|in|abbr=on}} which caused flooding and heavy damage. In [[Iran]], the cyclone caused 28&amp;nbsp;deaths and $215&amp;nbsp;million in damage (2007&amp;nbsp;USD). Winds speeds of 100&amp;nbsp;km/h were recorded in Muscat, Oman at<br /> the time of landfall.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC-2007.pdf |title=REPORT ON CYCLONIC DISTURBANCES OVER NORTH INDIAN OCEAN DURING 2007 |access-date=December 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512075101/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC-2007.pdf |archive-date=May 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Deep Depression BOB 03 ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=BOB 03 2007-06-21 0800Z.jpg<br /> |Track=Yemyin 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=June 21<br /> |Dissipated=June 23<br /> |3-min winds=30<br /> |1-min winds=30<br /> |Pressure=988<br /> }}<br /> {{Main|Cyclones BOB 03 and Yemyin}}<br /> A [[low-pressure area]] associated with the [[monsoon trough]] was first detected by the [[Naval Research Laboratory]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]] on June 17. Over the next few days, it developed deep flaring convection near an exposed low-level circulation centre (LLCC) as it drifted in the open sea.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909184626/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt |title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 191800Z-201800Z |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|JTWC]] |date=June 19, 2007 |archivedate=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=2008-10-23 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite moderate to high vertical [[wind shear]], the disturbance produced [[atmospheric pressure|surface pressure]] falls of up to 2.7 [[millibar|mbar]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]) in [[Port Blair]], in the [[Andaman Islands]], on June 19.&lt;ref name=&quot;jtwc190618z&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120805195453/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt |title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 191800Z-201800ZJUN2007 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |date=June 20, 2007 |archivedate=August 5, 2012 |accessdate=March 14, 2022 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Convection persisted around the increasingly well-defined LLCC, and the disturbance continued to consolidate under favourable [[diffluence (meteorology)|diffluence]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Depression over Bay of Bengal (BOB 03/2007/01) |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |accessdate=2008-10-23 |df=mdy |archive-date=November 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Early on June 21, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) declared the area a depression, {{convert|430|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-southeast of [[Kakinada]], Andhra Pradesh, India.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOB03IMD01&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Depression over Bay of Bengal (BOB 03/2007/01) |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |date=2007-06-21 |accessdate=2008-10-26 |df=mdy |archive-date=November 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Several hours later, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] (TCFA), with winds near {{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|lk=in}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOB03TCFA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io952007web.txt |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522071230/https://www.webcitation.org/5Pl4nJpC7?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io952007web.txt |title=Tropical Cyclon Formation Alert |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|JTWC]] |date=2007-06-21 |archivedate=May 22, 2024|accessdate=2008-10-26 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt; The depression moved quickly west-northwest towards the northern Andhra Pradesh coast.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOB03IMD01&quot;/&gt; A [[subtropical ridge]] to the north weakened the wind shear which had been hindering the storm's development, allowing for further intensification.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOB03TCFA&quot;/&gt; Later that day, the IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Deep Depression over Bay of Bengal (BOB 03/2007/03) |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |date=2007-06-21 |accessdate=2008-10-23 |df=mdy |archive-date=November 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; As convection organised with increasing ocean heat content, the JTWC issued its first warning on Tropical Cyclone 03B.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TROPICAL CYCLONE WARNING |url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io032007web.txt |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5PlTDy9FR?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io032007web.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-06-21 |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The deep depression made [[landfall]] near Kakinda early on June 22 local time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Deep Depression over Bay of Bengal (BOB 03/2007/06) |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |date=2007-06-21 |accessdate=2008-10-26 |df=mdy |archive-date=November 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The JTWC issued its final advisory later, as the system began to weaken due to land interaction and wind shear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |title=Tropical Cyclone 03B Warning Nr 003 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |accessdate=2008-10-23 |df=mdy |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522071511/https://www.webcitation.org/5PuGtXmFM?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The next day, the IMD downgraded it to a depression while it crossed the [[Deccan Plateau]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Depression over Marathawada (BOB 03/2007/09) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=2007-06-23 |archivedate=November 16, 2007 |accessdate=2008-10-23 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt; The final warning was issued on June 24, despite the storm having moved into the [[Arabian Sea]]. The storm killed at least 140&amp;nbsp;people in [[India]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6239808.stm |title=Flood devastation in South Asia |publisher=[[BBC Online]] |date=2007-06-26 |access-date=2008-10-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081123083518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6239808.stm |archive-date=November 23, 2008 |url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and another 213&amp;nbsp;people died in [[Karachi]], Pakistan from rains and winds that might have been associated with an outer band of the cyclone.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6233868.stm |title=Storms in Karachi kill 200 people |publisher=[[BBC Online]] |date=2007-06-24 |access-date=2008-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123083504/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6233868.stm |archive-date=November 23, 2008 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Pakistan Meteorological Department]] (PMD) had warned of heavy rains and wind from the system as early as Friday June 22.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pakistan 03B&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pakmet.com.pk/sindhadvisory.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629230656/http://www.pakmet.com.pk/sindhadvisory.html |title=UPDATE: Weather Advisory No.6 for Sindh / Balochistan. Tropical Cyclone 03B Warning |publisher=Government of Pakistan. Ministry of Defence. Pakistan Meteorological Department. |date=2007-06-26 |archivedate=June 29, 2007 |accessdate=2008-10-23 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Cyclonic Storm Yemyin ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=Yemyin 2007-06-26 0650Z.jpg<br /> |Track=Yemyin 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=June 25<br /> |Dissipated=June 26<br /> |3-min winds=35<br /> |1-min winds=50<br /> |Pressure=986<br /> }}<br /> {{Main|Cyclones BOB 03 and Yemyin}}<br /> The JTWC noted in its Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean on June 24 that strong [[South-west monsoon|monsoonal]] low-level flow contributed to increased cyclonic vorticity, with low vertical wind shear and warm [[sea surface temperatures]]. It warned that these factors could lead to a [[rapid deepening|rapid]] regeneration of BOB 03.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070624041923/http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt |title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean Reissued 241200Z-241800ZJUN2007 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |date=2007-06-24 |archivedate=June 24, 2007 |accessdate=2008-10-23 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early on June 25, the JTWC issued the second TCFA for this system as its circulation crossed the coast into the Arabian Sea.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/text/station/PGTW/ABIO10.PGTW |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201190838/http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/text/station/PGTW/ABIO10.PGTW |title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 250000Z-251800ZJUN2007 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |date=2007-06-25 |archivedate=December 1, 2007 |accessdate=2008-10-26 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shortly after the JTWC resumed advisories on the depression,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522071511/https://www.webcitation.org/5PuGtXmFM?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |title=Tropical Cyclone 03B Warning Nr 004 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |date=2007-06-25 |archivedate=May 22, 2024 |accessdate=2008-10-26 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt; while IMD considered it as a separate system from BOB 03.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.gov.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> As it moved northwest just off the Pakistan coast, winds of about {{convert|26|kn|km/h mph}} and a surface pressure of 990&amp;nbsp;mbar (hPa) were observed in [[Karachi]] near midday on June 25.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522071511/https://www.webcitation.org/5PuGtXmFM?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |title=Tropical Cyclone 03B Warning Nr 005 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|JTWC]] |date=2007-06-25 |archivedate=May 22, 2024 |accessdate=2008-11-02 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to the PMD, the centre of the system reached within {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=on}} of Karachi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pakistan 03B&quot;/&gt; With favourable conditions and deep convection, the system intensified into a deep depression that day.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/New-Delhi/2007062516.DEMS |title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook |date=2007-06-25 |server=[[India Meteorological Department]] |url-status=dead |accessdate=2008-11-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; After further organization, it made its second landfall at about 0300 UTC June 26 along the [[Makran]] coast, near [[Ormara]] and [[Pasni City|Pasni]], [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan province]], in southwestern Pakistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pakistan 03B&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Deep Depression Over Northeast Arabian Sea |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |date=2007-06-26 |archivedate=November 16, 2007 |accessdate=2008-11-13 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522071511/https://www.webcitation.org/5PuGtXmFM?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |title=Tropical Cyclone 03B Warning Nr 008 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |archivedate=May 22, 2024 |accessdate=2008-11-13 |date=2007-06-26 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}&lt;/ref&gt; Upon reaching land, the cyclone began to weaken slowly,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2007062615-WTIO.PGTW |title=Tropical Cyclone 03B Warning Nr. 009 |date=2007-06-26 |server=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |url-status=dead |accessdate=2008-11-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and the JTWC issued its last advisory late on June 26.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522071511/https://www.webcitation.org/5PuGtXmFM?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0307web.txt |title=Tropical Cyclone 03B Warning Nr 010 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |date=2007-06-26 |archivedate=May 22, 2024 |accessdate=2008-11-13 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The cyclone trapped 2 merchant ships: Al-Picaso and Lady Hamad, and 4 fishing boats: Al-Taif, Al-Noor, Sumbal Sultani and Al-Tariq, {{convert|100|nmi|km mi|abbr=on|lk=in}} off [[Karachi]]. The Pakistan Navy rescued 56 sailors from the merchant ships and 36 fishermen from the fishing boats after they were detected by [[Breguet Atlantique]] aircraft.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aaj.tv/news/news.php?pg=0&amp;show=detail&amp;nid=3 |title=NEWS : AAJ Television: Pakistan's Premier Channel |access-date=June 27, 2007 |archive-date=May 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517131500/http://www.aaj.tv/news/news.php?pg=0&amp;show=detail&amp;nid=3 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The heavy downpour also flooded the Kech Korandi riverine, inundating the city of [[Turbat]] and causing more than 10,000&amp;nbsp;people to evacuate their houses.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=24996 |title=The News International: Latest News Breaking, Pakistan News |access-date=June 27, 2007 |archive-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918193537/http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=24996 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; At least 380&amp;nbsp;people died in [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Pakistan-cyclone-death-toll-hits-380/articleshow/2168117.cms|title=Pakistan cyclone death toll hits 380|location=India|date=2007-07-03|access-date=2007-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017034008/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-03/pakistan/27962605_1_death-toll-cyclone-balochistan|archive-date=October 17, 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; with another 250 dead in [[Sindh]] and 100 in the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier Province]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c411704a-e156-4ce1-8b73-4228330f0683&amp;&amp;Headline=Pakistan+cyclone+death+toll+hits+380<br /> |title = Pakistan cyclone death toll hits 380, thousands face starvation- Hindustan Times<br /> |work = Hindustan Times<br /> |location = India<br /> |date = 2007-07-02<br /> |accessdate = 2008-10-26<br /> |url-status = dead<br /> |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090601220748/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c411704a-e156-4ce1-8b73-4228330f0683&amp;&amp;Headline=Pakistan+cyclone+death+toll+hits+380<br /> |archivedate = June 1, 2009<br /> |df = mdy-all<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; and further rains associated with the remnants of the cyclone hampered rescue efforts. The cyclone affected at least 10 districts of Balochistan and 4 districts of Sindh, affecting the lives of at least 1.5&amp;nbsp;million people.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.geo.tv/geonews/details.asp?id%3D8319%26param%3D1 <br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017022547/http://www.geo.tv/geonews/details.asp?id=8319&amp;param=1<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |archive-date=October 17, 2020<br /> |title=More 13 bodies recovered as dozens killed, hundreds missing in Balochistan rains <br /> |publisher=Geo Television Network (via Webcitation.org) <br /> |date=2007-07-05 <br /> |accessdate=2008-11-13 <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Over 80&amp;nbsp;people were killed in floods associated with the remnants in [[Afghanistan]]. At least 2&amp;nbsp;million people were affected by the cyclone or indirectly by power cuts and water shortages in Balochistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pakistan 03B-Mumbai 04B&quot;&gt;{{cite news<br /> |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6258820.stm<br /> |title=Pakistan flood toll rises to 240<br /> |publisher=BBC News <br /> |date=2007-07-03<br /> |access-date=2008-10-26<br /> | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081122133338/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6258820.stm| archive-date=November 22, 2008 | url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The PMD referred to the deep depression as Tropical Cyclone Yemyin, the next name on the list at the time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pakistan 03B&quot;/&gt; The IMD did not operationally name the system, but the depression was upgraded to a cyclonic storm in post-analysis, and the IMD retroactively named it Yemyin.&lt;ref name=&quot;03B note&quot;&gt;At the time, the official WMO body responsible for tropical cyclones in the [[Arabian Sea]], the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD), did not name the storm. However, the IMD reassessed the system to have reached cyclonic storm strength, and [https://web.archive.org/web/20070808024323/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/pressrelease.htm retroactively] named the storm Yemyin.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Deep Depression BOB 04 ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=04B 29 june 2007 0503Z.jpg<br /> |Track=Cyclone 04B 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=June 28<br /> |Dissipated=June 30<br /> |3-min winds=30<br /> |1-min winds=45<br /> |Pressure=989<br /> }}<br /> On June 28, an area of disturbed weather in the [[Bay of Bengal]] that had persisted as a well-marked [[low pressure area]] for two days became more organised.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=June 26, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) noted the formation of a depression around 0000 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] (5:30&amp;nbsp;am [[India Standard Time|IST]]) southeast of [[Puri]], Orissa, India. The IMD also stated that the system intensified into a deep depression three hours later whilst remaining &quot;practically stationary&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CORRECTION |url=http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/text/station/DEMS/WWIN40.DEMS |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5PvpqZNmH?url=http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/text/station/DEMS/WWIN40.DEMS |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-06-28 |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] shortly after, noting that observations from the eastern coast of [[India]] had recorded falls in [[atmospheric pressure|pressure]] corresponding with the system's development. Furthermore, an upper-level [[anticyclone]] had formed over the disturbance, which would maintain the favourable [[wind shear]] conditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MSGID/GENADMIN/NAVPACMETOCCEN PEARL HARBOR HI/SUBJ/TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION ALERT// RMKS/ |url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io9607web.txt |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5Pvq5HH2c?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io9607web.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-06-28 |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; The JTWC initiated advisories later that day,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0407web.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 28, 2007 |archive-date=June 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630120930/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0407web.txt |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; as the depression moved northwest towards the Orissa coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=June 28, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The depression made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] near Puri early on June 29.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=June 29, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The JTWC then issued its last advisory later that day, as the system moved inland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0407web.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 29, 2007 |archive-date=June 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630120930/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/io0407web.txt |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Early on June 30, with the system centred over [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Chhattisgarh]], the IMD downgraded the system to a depression,&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.ernet.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=June 30, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and discontinued advisories 6&amp;nbsp;hours later.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.ernet.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> At 0600 UTC (11 a.m. [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]]) on June 28, the [[Pakistan Meteorological Department]] (PMD) issued its first advisory regarding the remnants of the system. The PMD stated that the remnants &quot;had the potential&quot; to cause widespread heavy rain with strong winds in [[Sindh]], [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]], [[Azad Kashmir]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier]] provinces. This could worsen conditions in areas already flooded by Tropical Cyclone Yemyin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pakmet.com.pk/sindhadvisory.html |title=Government of Pakistan |access-date=June 29, 2007 |archive-date=June 29, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629230656/http://www.pakmet.com.pk/sindhadvisory.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; In its fourth advisory on July 1, the PMD warned about the &quot;high probability&quot; of the system moving westward towards southern Sindh (instead of northwestward as previously projected), and regenerating over the [[Arabian Sea]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pakmet.com.pk/sindhadvisory.html |title=Government of Pakistan |access-date=July 1, 2007 |archive-date=June 29, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629230656/http://www.pakmet.com.pk/sindhadvisory.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The remnants of Tropical Cyclone 04B were mentioned in a Significant Tropical Weather Advisory from the JTWC early on July 2. After crossing the [[Deccan Plateau]], convection was southwest of the centre, in the Arabian Sea, while multiple associated low-level circulation centres had yet to re-emerge, and were located in west-central India, north-northeast of [[Mumbai]]. The area had favourable upper-level divergence, but high vertical wind shear.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=July 2, 2007 |archive-date=April 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414140019/http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eventually, the circulation centre became fully exposed in unfavourable conditions, and the JTWC declared it &quot;no longer suspect for development&quot; later that day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2007070218-ABIO.PGTW|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean|date=2007-07-02|server=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|url-status=dead|accessdate=2008-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> While it was over western India adjoining the Arabian Sea, the deep convection associated with the remnants of the cyclone brought heavy rains to [[Maharashtra]], causing disruptions in transport due to floods and high winds in Mumbai. [[Amravati district]], northeast of Mumbai, was also severely affected by floods.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pakistan 03B-Mumbai 04B&quot;/&gt; At least 43&amp;nbsp;people were killed in the state, and in Mumbai {{convert|243|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall was recorded.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=126&amp;art_id=nw20070702101934617C152494<br /> |title=Heavy rains leave 43 dead<br /> |publisher=Independent Online (South Africa)|accessdate=2008-11-13<br /> |date=2007-07-02<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; 14 died in [[Gujarat]] state, and evacuations were conducted. Up to {{convert|462|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain was received in [[Bharuch district]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-02/india/27980644_1_rains-claim-heavy-rains-heavy-water-logging| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017034014/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-02/india/27980644_1_rains-claim-heavy-rains-heavy-water-logging | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-10-17 |location=India | title=Rains claim 14 lives in Gujarat; Army mobilised | date=2007-07-02| work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate= 15 August 2007 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Deep Depression BOB 05 ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Formed=July 4<br /> |Dissipated=July 9<br /> |Image=D.D BOB 05 Jul 5 2007 0505z.jpg<br /> |Track=BOB05 2007 track.png<br /> |3-min winds=30<br /> |Pressure=988<br /> }}<br /> On July 1, the [[Naval Research Laboratory]] (NRL) began to track a developing disturbance in the north [[Bay of Bengal]]. Following the formation of a [[low pressure area]] and circulation centre, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) initiated advisories, declaring it a depression, as it was located about {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, in [[India]], along the [[Bangladesh]]i coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Depression over north Bay of Bengal |url=http://sonicfighters.com/rattleman/013031-rsmc.htm |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5Q7ikITsu?url=http://sonicfighters.com/rattleman/013031-rsmc.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-07-06 |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; The system was noted in the Significant Tropical Weather Advisory issued by the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) that same day. The JTWC commented that the consolidated circulation centre was already overland, in southwest Bangladesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2007070409-ABIO.PGTW |server=ftp.met.fsu.edu |url-status=dead |title=FTP link }}&lt;/ref&gt; The next day, on July 5, as the depression tracked northwestward into [[Ganges Basin|Gangetic]] West Bengal, the IMD upgraded it to a deep depression.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=July 6, 2007 |archive-date=June 7, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607215713/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It reached close to [[Bankura]] early on July 6, moving westward.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=July 6, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Phoolberia in West Bengal received 450&amp;nbsp;mm of rainfall in 48 hours between 5 and 6 July 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.gov.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> As the system weakened while over north [[Chhattisgarh]], the IMD downgraded it to a depression on July 7.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=July 7, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The IMD then discontinued bulletins on July 8 as it weakened into a low pressure area over central [[Madhya Pradesh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=July 9, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; However, early the next morning it reintensified into a depression near [[Shivpuri]], in northwestern Madhya Pradesh, and the IMD resumed advisories.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; Later that day, the IMD issued its final bulletin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=July 10, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The depression caused heavy rains in Kolkata, with 16 casualties. Nearly 20% of the cumulative rainfall for the entire monsoon season fell in three days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6272290.stm |work=BBC News | title=Calcutta battered by monsoon rain | date=2007-07-05 | access-date=2010-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Deep Depression BOB 06 ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=BOB 06 2007-08-06 0510Z.jpg<br /> |Track=BOB06 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=August 5<br /> |Dissipated=August 7<br /> |3-min winds=30<br /> |Pressure=984<br /> }}<br /> On August 5, a low pressure area that had lingered in the northwestern [[Bay of Bengal]] organised into a depression about 230&amp;nbsp;km southeast of Balasore. The depression formed just as [[2007 South Asian floods|monsoonal rains and floods]] had killed over 200&amp;nbsp;people in the area. It deepened slightly and was upgraded to a deep depression late that night local time as it moved towards [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. The deep depression continued moving west-northwest and made landfall in Orissa between Chandbali and Paradip. In 48 hours, Alipingal in Orissa received 510&amp;nbsp;mm of rainfall between 5 &amp; 6 August. In total 24 people died due to the flooding caused by the system.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.gov.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On August 7, [[Pakistan Meteorological Department]] issued its first weather advisory regarding the probability of regeneration of the system in [[Arabian Sea]] after crossing the Indian state of [[Gujarat]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pakmet.com.pk/monsoon.html |title=Government of Pakistan |access-date=August 8, 2007 |archive-date=August 8, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808042422/http://pakmet.com.pk/monsoon.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; though the system once again intensified into a deep depression but according to the IMD, it was a low pressure area.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Depression BOB 07 ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=BOB 07 2007-09-22 0732Z.jpg<br /> |Track=BOB07 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=September 21<br /> |Dissipated=September 24<br /> |3-min winds=25<br /> |Pressure=990<br /> }}<br /> On September 21, a low pressure area 230&amp;nbsp;km south-southeast of [[Puri]] was declared a depression by the IMD. The next day, it made landfall along the [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] coast near Puri with winds around {{convert|45|–|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The city Kolkata in West Bengal received 440&amp;nbsp;mm of rainfall in 72 hours between 23 &amp; 25 September. In total there were 75 deaths from the Depression.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.gov.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Depression BOB 08 ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=BOB 08 2007-10-28 0540Z.jpg<br /> |Track=BOB08 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=October 27<br /> |Dissipated=October 29<br /> |3-min winds=25<br /> |Pressure=1004<br /> }}<br /> Late on October 27, an area of weather 600&amp;nbsp;km east-southeast of [[Chennai]], India was designated Depression BOB 08/2007 by the IMD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm <br /> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116155329/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm<br /> |title=Depression over southwest and adjoining southeast Bay of Bengal (BOB 08/2007/01) <br /> |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] <br /> |date=2007-10-28 <br /> |archivedate=November 16, 2007<br /> |accessdate=2008-10-26 <br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The depression degenerated into a low pressure area early on the 29th.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 29, 2007 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042446/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The depression caused heavy rains accompanied with strong winds in [[Chennai]], with 15 casualties.&lt;ref name=&quot;timebob08&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/15-killed-in-rainhit-tn-schools-closed-tomorrow/51332-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528193801/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/15-killed-in-rainhit-tn-schools-closed-tomorrow/51332-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-05-28|title=15 killed in rain-hit TN; schools, colleges shut|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=2007-10-29|accessdate=2008-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20071031061607/http://www.timesnow.tv/NewsDtls.aspx?NewsID=3894 Cyclone alert lifted in TN]&lt;/ref&gt; Kavali in Andhra Pradesh received 550&amp;nbsp;mm of rainfall in 48 hours between 29 &amp; 30 October. 19 deaths were reported from the state of Andhra Pradesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.gov.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Deep Depression ARB 02 ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=ARB 02 2007-10-28 0840Z.jpg<br /> |Track=Cyclone 05A 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=October 27<br /> |Dissipated=November 2<br /> |3-min winds=30<br /> |1-min winds=40<br /> |Pressure=1000<br /> }}<br /> On October 27, a westward-moving disturbed area of weather formed about 885&amp;nbsp;nm east of [[Cape Guardafui]], Somalia was designated Depression ARB 02/2007 by the IMD.&lt;ref name=&quot;Archived copy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 28, 2007 |archive-date=June 7, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607215713/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The next day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center designated the depression as Tropical Cyclone 05A.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2007102803-WTIO.PGTW |server=ftp.met.fsu.edu |url-status=dead |title=FTP link }}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after, the IMD upgraded the depression to a deep depression.&lt;ref name=&quot;Archived copy&quot;/&gt; The Deep Depression did not develop and degenerated into a low pressure area on November 2 as it moved further west.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (BAY OF BENGAL AND ARABIAN SEA ) |url=http://www.sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/rsmc.htm |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5T3NFSMbH?url=http://www.sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-11-02 |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 2, 2007 |archive-date=June 7, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607215713/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2007110203-WTIO.PGTW |server=ftp.met.fsu.edu |url-status=dead |title=FTP link }}&lt;/ref&gt; Agathi in Laskwadeep Islands received 70&amp;nbsp;mm of rainfall on 29 October.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.gov.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> === Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Sidr ===<br /> {{Infobox Hurricane Small<br /> |Basin=NIO<br /> |Image=Sidr 2007-11-15 0650Z.jpg<br /> |Track=Sidr 2007 track.png<br /> |Formed=November 11<br /> |Dissipated=November 16<br /> |3-min winds=115<br /> |1-min winds=140<br /> |Pressure=944<br /> }}<br /> {{Main|Cyclone Sidr}}<br /> An area of disturbed weather developed near the [[Andaman Islands]] on November 9. It gradually became better organised as it passed to the south of the islands, and the system was designated Depression BOB 09 by the [[India Meteorological Department]] early on November 11.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Depression over Southeast Bay of Bengal |url=http://sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/053736-cwind.htm |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5THCn2gZT?url=http://sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/053736-cwind.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-11-11 |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] upgraded it to Tropical Cyclone 06B at the same time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2007111109-WTIO.PGTW |server=ftp.met.fsu.edu |url-status=dead |title=FTP link }}&lt;/ref&gt; Later that day, it intensified into a deep depression as it moved slowly north-westward.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 12, 2007 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042446/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The IMD upgraded the system to Cyclonic Storm Sidr early on November 12.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Dems–RSMC Tropical Cyclones New Delhi |access-date=November 12, 2007 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611053526/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The system then began to intensify quickly as it moved slowly northwestward, and the IMD upgraded it to a severe cyclonic storm later that day&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Tropical Storm &quot;SIDR&quot; Advisory No. Four |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |date=2007-11-12 |accessdate=2007-11-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |archivedate=November 16, 2007 |df=mdy }}&lt;/ref&gt; and a very severe cyclonic storm early the next day.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm <br /> |title=Tropical Storm &quot;SIDR&quot; Advisory No. Seven <br /> |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] via Webcitation.org <br /> |date=2007-11-13 <br /> |accessdate=2007-11-12 <br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116133724/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm<br /> |archivedate=November 16, 2007<br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As it intensified to a Category&amp;nbsp;4-equivalent cyclone on November 14, thousands of emergency officials were put on standby in eastern [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]] in advance of the storm's arrival. Massive evacuations of low-lying coastal areas also took place, although sheltering was only available for about 500,000 of the over 10&amp;nbsp;million residents of coastal areas.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite news<br /> |url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/storms/2007-11-14-cyclone-sidr_N.htm?csp=34<br /> |title=Cyclone forces Bangladesh evacuations<br /> |work=USA Today<br /> |date=2007-11-16<br /> |accessdate=2008-10-26<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The IMD also issued a cyclone alert for [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] and [[West Bengal]] on November 14.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.deepikaglobal.com/ENG3_sub.asp?ccode=ENG3&amp;newscode=7553 |title=National News Detail |publisher=deepikaglobal.com |accessdate=October 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071122000755/http://www.deepikaglobal.com/ENG3_sub.asp?ccode=ENG3&amp;newscode=7553 |archive-date=November 22, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; On the morning of November 15, the cyclone intensified to reach peak winds of {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} according to the IMD,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm <br /> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116155329/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm<br /> |title=Tropical Storm &quot;SIDR&quot; Advisory No. Twenty Eight Issued at 1500 UTC of 15 November 2007 <br /> |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] <br /> |date=2007-11-15 <br /> |archivedate=November 16, 2007<br /> |accessdate=2008-11-02 <br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; and a peak of {{convert|260|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} according to the JTWC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite FTP |url = ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2007111509-WTIO.PGTW<br /> |title = Tropical Cyclone 06B (SIDR) Warning Nr 012<br /> |date = 2007-11-15<br /> |server = [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|JTWC]]<br /> |url-status = dead<br /> |accessdate = 2008-11-02<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--Sidr was NOT a Cat 5, 155mph is a Cat 4; the BBC is wrong--&gt; Sidr officially made landfall around 1700 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] later that day,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm <br /> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116155329/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm<br /> |title=Tropical Storm &quot;SIDR&quot; Advisory No. Thirty issued at 2100 UTC of 15 November, 2007Tropical Storm &quot;SIDR&quot; Advisory No. Thirty issued at 2100 UTC of 15 November 2007 <br /> |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] <br /> |date=2007-11-15 <br /> |archivedate=November 16, 2007<br /> |accessdate=2008-11-02 <br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; with sustained winds of {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm <br /> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115024921/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm<br /> |title=Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (SIDR) Crossed Bangladesh coast. (BOB 09/2007/34) <br /> |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] <br /> |date=2007-11-16 <br /> |archivedate=November 15, 2007<br /> |accessdate=2008-11-02 <br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; A station in coastal Bangladesh reported {{convert|80|kn|km/h}} at 1800 UTC of 15 November 2007. According to media reports, the wind speed of about 200&amp;nbsp;km/h prevailed over Bangladesh coast at the time of landfall.&lt;ref name=&quot;imd.gov.in&quot;/&gt; It weakened quickly after landfall and the final advisories were issued early on November 16.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm <br /> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115024921/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm<br /> |title=Cyclonic Storm (SIDR) weaken into a depression over Bangladesh and adjoining areas. (BOB 09/2007/37) <br /> |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] <br /> |date=2007-11-16 <br /> |archivedate=November 15, 2007<br /> |accessdate=2008-11-02 <br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |df=mdy <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The name Sidr was contributed by Oman; it is an [[Arabic]] name of a tree belonging to the [[Ziziphus]] family, specifically the ''Ziziphus spina-christi''.<br /> <br /> In the post season analysis, Sidr was upgraded to a Category&amp;nbsp;5-equivalent cyclone. This marks the first time that there have been two Category&amp;nbsp;5-equivalent storms in the Northern Indian Ocean in a single season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2007/2007s-bio/bio062007.txt<br /> |title=Best Track Indian Ocean<br /> |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|JTWC]]<br /> |year=2007<br /> |format=TXT<br /> |accessdate=2008-11-02<br /> |archive-date=March 10, 2010<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310234942/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2007/2007s-bio/bio062007.txt<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> == Season effects ==<br /> This is a table of the storms in 2007 and their [[Landfall (meteorology)|landfall(s)]], if any; the table does not include storms that did not make landfall, which is defined as the center of the storm moving over a landmass. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low.<br /> {{North Indian Ocean areas affected (Top)}}<br /> |-<br /> | BOB 01 || {{sort|0501|May 1–5}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|01|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{sort|045|{{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|998|998&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.47&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || Thailand, Myanmar || {{ntsp|500000||$}} || {{N/A}}||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cyclone Akash|Akash]] || {{sort|0513|May 13&amp;nbsp;– 15}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|03|Cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|085|{{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|990|990&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.24&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || [[Andaman Islands]], [[Nicobar Islands]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Burma]] || {{ntsp|982000000||$}} || 14 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cyclone Gonu|Gonu]] || {{Sort|0601|June 1&amp;nbsp;– 7}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A5}}|{{Sort|07|Super cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A5}}|{{Sort|240|{{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A5}}|{{Sort|920|920&amp;nbsp;hPa (27.17&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || [[Western India]], [[Oman]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Iran]], [[Pakistan]] || {{ntsp|4420000000||$}} || 78 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cyclones BOB 03 and Yemyin|BOB 03]] || {{Sort|0628|June 21&amp;nbsp;– 23}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|02|Deep depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|988|988&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.17&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || India, Pakistan || {{Unknown}} || {{Sort|0453|453}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cyclones BOB 03 and Yemyin|Yemyin]] || {{Sort|0621|June 25&amp;nbsp;– 26}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|03|Cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|065|{{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|986|986&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.12&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || India, Pakistan, Afghanistan || {{ntsp|2100000000||$}} || 630 ||<br /> |-<br /> | BOB 04 || {{Sort|0628|June 28&amp;nbsp;– 30}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|02|Deep depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|989|989&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.18&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || India || {{N/A}} || {{Sort|0057|57}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | BOB 05 || {{Sort|0704|July 4&amp;nbsp;– 9}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|02|Deep depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|988|988&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.17&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || Bangladesh || {{N/A}} || 16 ||<br /> |-<br /> | BOB 06 || {{Sort|0805|August 5&amp;nbsp;– 7}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|02|Deep depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|984|984&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.06&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || India || {{N/A}} || 24 ||<br /> |-<br /> | BOB 07 || {{Sort|0921|September 21&amp;nbsp;– 24}} ||bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|01|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{sort|045|{{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|990|990&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.24&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || India || {{N/A}} || 75 ||<br /> |-<br /> | BOB 08 || {{Sort|1027|October 27&amp;nbsp;– 29}} ||bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|01|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{sort|045|{{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|1004|1004&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.65&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || India || {{N/A}} || 34 ||<br /> |-<br /> | ARB 02 || {{Sort|1028|October 27&amp;nbsp;– November 2}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|02|Deep depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|999|1000&amp;nbsp;hPa (29.53&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || Somalia || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cyclone Sidr|Sidr]] || {{Sort|1111|November 11&amp;nbsp;– 16}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|esvrcyclstorm}}|{{Sort|06|Extremely severe cyclonic storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|esvrcyclstorm}}|{{Sort|215|{{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|| bgcolor=#{{storm colour|esvrcyclstorm}}|{{Sort|944|944&amp;nbsp;hPa (27.88&amp;nbsp;inHg)}} || [[Andaman Islands]], [[Bangladesh]], [[West Bengal]], [[Northeast India]], Southwest China || $2.31 billion || {{Sort|15000|~15,000}} ||<br /> |-<br /> {{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=11&amp;nbsp;systems|dates=May 1&amp;nbsp;– November 16|winds={{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}|pres=920&amp;nbsp;hPa (27.17&amp;nbsp;inHg)|damage={{ntsp|9812500000||$}} &lt;!-- 9,812.5 --&gt;|deaths=~16,381|Refs=}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}<br /> * [[Tropical cyclones in 2007]]<br /> * [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone]]<br /> * [[2007 Atlantic hurricane season]]<br /> * [[2007 Pacific hurricane season]]<br /> * [[2007 Pacific typhoon season]]<br /> * South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[2006–07 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2006–07]], [[2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2007–08]]<br /> * Australian region cyclone seasons: [[2006–07 Australian region cyclone season|2006–07]], [[2007–08 Australian region cyclone season|2007–08]]<br /> * South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[2006–07 South Pacific cyclone season|2006–07]], [[2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season|2007–08]]<br /> <br /> == References and notes ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070307120148/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm RSMC New Delhi cyclone warnings]<br /> * [https://archive.today/20081126093307/http://sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/tropics/IMD_2007_Report_HTML.html RSMC Report on Cyclonic Disturbances in html]<br /> * [http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC Joint Typhoon Warning Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301105349/http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC |date=March 1, 2010 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070608105414/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/static/cyclone-history-as.htm History of past cyclones in the Arabian Sea]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044315/http://www.redcross.org.uk/standard.asp?id=75458 Bangladesh Cyclone Appeal]<br /> <br /> {{2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season buttons}}<br /> {{TC Decades|Year=2000|basin=North Indian Ocean|type=cyclone}}<br /> {{Tropical cyclone season|2007}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:2007 North Indian Ocean Cyclone Season}}<br /> [[Category:2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season| ]]<br /> [[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2007|2007 NIO]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaiserganj_Assembly_constituency&diff=507457 2026-01-18T14:22:29Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: New new entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Kaiserganj<br /> | map_image = 288-Kaiserganj.svg<br /> | mla = Anand Kumar Yadav&lt;ref name=&quot;election2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url =https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/kaiserganj-election-result-s24a288/|title =Kaiserganj Election Result|website =www.nesw18.com|access-date =30 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | party = [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2022<br /> | state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | electors = 3,90,653<br /> | constituency_no = 288<br /> }}<br /> '''Kaiserganj''' is an assembly constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Kaiserganj in the [[Bahraich district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaiserganj is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 288 amongst 403 constituencies.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Name<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]&lt;ref name=&quot;election2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | rowspan=2|[[Mukut Bihari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]&lt;ref name=&quot;election2017&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br /> | [[Anand Kumar (Kaiserganj politician)|Anand Kumar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;results2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> === 2022 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaiserganj&lt;ref name=&quot;election2022&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = [[Anand Kumar (Kaiserganj politician) | Anand Kumar]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:103135}}<br /> |percentage = 45.51<br /> |change = +19.68<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Gaurav Verma]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:95424}}<br /> |percentage = 42.11<br /> |change = +1.44<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Baqaullah<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:13850}}<br /> |percentage = 6.11<br /> |change = -21.5<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br /> |candidate = Mo Bilal Ansari<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4762}}<br /> |percentage = 2.1<br /> |change = +0.33<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2465}}<br /> |percentage = 1.09<br /> |change = -0.51<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:7711}}<br /> |percentage = 3.4<br /> |change = -9.66<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:226617}}<br /> |percentage = 58.01<br /> |change = +1.57<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Samajwadi Party<br /> |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2017 ===<br /> [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''Mukut Bihari''' won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate '''Khalid Khan''' by a margin of 27,363 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;election2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Kaisergan&lt;ref name=&quot;election2017&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Mukut Bihari<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:85212}}<br /> |percentage = 40.67<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Khalid Khan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:57849}}<br /> |percentage = 27.61<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = Ramtej Yadav<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:54117}}<br /> |percentage = 25.83<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br /> |candidate = Danish Jameel<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3719}}<br /> |percentage = 1.77<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Lok Dal<br /> |candidate = Raj Bahadur<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2963}}<br /> |percentage = 1.41<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3291}}<br /> |percentage = 1.6<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:27363}}<br /> |percentage = 13.06<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:209536}}<br /> |percentage = 56.44<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br /> {{coord|27.25|81.55|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Bahraich district]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sylvester_Vaz&diff=539019 2026-01-13T21:47:40Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: adding new data first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Worship singer and actor (born 1968)}}<br /> {{Infobox person <br /> | name = Sylvester Vaz <br /> | image = Sylvester Vaz in QUESTION MARK tiatr (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption = Vaz in the ''[[tiatr]] Question Mark'', 2016<br /> | birth_name = Sylvester Inacio Vaz<br /> | birth_place = [[Margao, Goa]], India<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|2|1|df=y}}<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Worship singer|actor|composer|director}}<br /> | years_active = 1990s–2019 (theatre)<br /> | education = [[Bachelor of Laws]]<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Irene Vaz]]|1995}}<br /> | movement = [[Catholic Charismatic Renewal]] (CCR)<br /> | awards = [[Kala Academy|KA]]'s &quot;Best Actor Award and Best Singer Award&quot;<br /> | website = {{URL|facebook.com/sylvester.vaz.3}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sylvester Inacio Vaz''' (born 1 February 1968) is a [[contemporary worship music]] singer, former actor, composer, director, and [[emcee]] based in London, UK. He is known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Sylvester Inacio Vaz was born on 1 February 1968 in [[Margao, Goa]], India. His parents, Camilo Joao Sebastiao Vaz and Juliana Catarina Vaz, raised their family in the Madel Grande neighborhood of Margao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation and Office of the Chief Registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/CertificateSelect_goaonline.aspx |access-date=30 December 2022 |website=Goa Online |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027073241/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/CertificateSelect_goaonline.aspx |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vaz's father, a figure in the local music scene, acted as the [[choirmaster]] (''[[mistri]]'') at Our Lady of Grace Church, Margao and served as a music teacher at Music Circle located in Margao. This familial environment fostered Vaz's early interest in the arts, leading him to actively participate in theatrical productions and [[variety program]]s at Holy Spirit Church, Margao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He was a regular member of the [[church choir]], often assuming a leadership role. Vaz's musical abilities extended beyond vocal performance, as he was also skilled in playing the guitar and [[Keyboard (instrument)|keyboard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Vaz's early life demonstrated an interest in both academic pursuits and artistic expression. In the inaugural year of his [[legal studies]] ([[LL.B]]), he was recognized with an award for his active engagement in cultural activities at [[Goa University]]. His admiration for the Indian actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]], stemming from his childhood, was rooted in Bachchan's acting abilities. This passion for cinema led Vaz to prioritize attending a film shoot for Bachchan's 1989 [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film ''[[Main Azaad Hoon]]'' in Margao, even foregoing his studies on the eve of his [[Higher Secondary Certificate]] (HSSC) exams.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Vaz's foray into the world of ''[[tiatr]]'' began with performances in church programs. His abilities were acknowledged by Alex Rangel, who extended an invitation for him to take part in the theatrical production titled ''Koslo Faido'' (What's The Benefit?). Vaz's involvement in this production encompassed acting, songwriting, and [[Script doctor|script revision]]s. His performance in ''Koslo Faido'' drew the attention of Michael Gracias, a figure in the [[Kala Academy]] ''tiatr'' competitions and a member of the Kala Niketan group, [[Salcete#Salcette territory|Utorda]]. Vaz's debut at the Kala Academy competition resulted in a merit certificate, this designated him as a frequent contributor to the events hosted by Kala Niketan. His repertoire with the group included ''tiatrs'' such as ''Vallti'', ''Vaddol'' (Storm), ''Shanti Melltoli'' (You'll Attain Peace), ''Onupkarponnachem Vojem'' (Burden of Ungratefulness), ''Bodmas Zalem'', and ''Moronn'' (Death).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |title=Konkani Khell Tiatr |date=10 March 2018 |publisher=[[Dalgado Konknni Akademi]] |location=Panaji, Goa |pages=126–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Vaz's professional theatrical career commenced with his role in Mario de Vasco's ''tiatr Dhump''. De Vasco, recognizing Vaz's talent from his performances at Kala Academy competitions, offered him the part. This production marked a significant turning point in Vaz's life, as it not only introduced him to the professional stage but also brought him into contact with [[Irene Vaz|Irene Cardozo]], whom he would later marry. Following his debut, Vaz collaborated with several popular figures in the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''tiatr'' scene, including Fr. [[Nevel Gracias]], Fr. Planton Faria, [[Rosario Rodrigues]], Tony Dias, among others. His artistic range extended beyond ''tiatr'', encompassing roles in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He further demonstrated his versatility through the direction of theatrical and musical performances, in addition to coordinating several cultural initiatives in [[Goa]] that featured presentations in both Konkani and English languages. Vaz's contributions to the performing arts also included serving as a [[compere (host)|compere]] for a variety of events, including [[Gala (festivity)|gala]] shows, weddings, parties, and dances.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crasto |first=Gaspar |date=2008-08-06 |title=A Tete-a-Tete with superstar Sylvester Vaz |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/ |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Mangalorean|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913065227/https://www.mangalorean.com/ |archive-date=2008-09-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Vaz's theatrical career spanned a wide geographic range, encompassing performances across India and the Middle East. He has staged productions in Goa, [[Mumbai]], [[Mangalore]], [[Bangalore]], [[Ratnagiri]], [[Malwan]], [[Udupi]], [[Karwar]], [[Ahmedabad]], Delhi, among other, and internationally in [[Dubai]], [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Muscat]], [[Qatar]], [[Bahrain]], and [[Kuwait]]. During his time in Kuwait, Vaz played an influential role in the [[Catholic Charismatic Renewal]] (CCR), a movement within Christianity that emphasizes personal experiences of faith and the work of the [[Holy Spirit]]. He was also a member of the [[Holy Family Co-Cathedral, Kuwait|Holy Family Co-Cathedral]] [[choir]], contributing his vocal talents during the 8:00&amp;nbsp;am mass every Friday. Beyond his theatrical work, Vaz has also demonstrated musical talents. In 2000, he showcased his talents at the Konkani Film Festival and was involved in ''Annie'', a professional English [[Musical theatre|musical production]], by Fr. Valmiki Dias. This production toured throughout Goa and Mumbai, showcasing Vaz alongside [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]] artists including [[M. Boyer]], [[Ophelia Cabral]], [[Robin Vaz]], [[Rita Rose]], [[Rosario Rodrigues]], among others.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Vaz's theatrical career spanned several decades, marked by his participation in a diverse array of productions. He gained experience through collaborations with various [[theatre companies]], including Vell'lekar Nirmiti (Velim Productions), where he performed in several plays under the direction of Fr. [[Nevel Gracias]]. These productions encompassed a range of themes and styles, including ''Amche Ghorabhe Kosbeleat?'', ''Nach Gho Sundorea!'', ''Amcho Bharat Mahaan!'', ''Mhaka Tan Laglea'', ''Tuji Xokti Dhi'', ''Dev Kalizant Asa'', ''Mhojea Mogant Ravat'', and ''Khursachem Zoit'', among others.&quot; Vaz's repertoire further expanded to include performances in plays directed by Fr. Planton Faria, such as ''Goycho Saib'' and ''Kantteamcho Mukhutt'', among others. He also contributed to the [[Tiatr|Konkani theatre]] scene through collaborations with figures like Rosario Rodrigues, participating in productions like ''Hanv Kaliokhant Sandllim'' and ''Soglech Kantte Nhuim'', etc. Vaz's involvement in the ''tiatr'' genre extended to performances in [[Comedian Domnic]]'s ''Tum Pasun''. In ''Suseg'' and ''Sorg'' by [[Comedian Agostinho]], the latter Vaz served as a co-director. He performed in several other works, among them: ''Mog Korat'' by Ali, ''Tujem Nanv Vhodd Zaum'' directed by [[Jose Rod]], ''Kelear Chuk Kabar Sukh'' by [[M. Boyer]], ''Thi Mhoji Maim (Part I)'' and ''Thi Mhoji Maim (Part II)'' directed by Tony Dias. He also graced the stage in [[Jr. Nelson]]'s ''Ghorkar'' and other ''tiatrs''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> On 28 October 1995, Vaz, aged 27, married [[Irene Vaz|Irene Cardozo]], aged 29, at Holy Spirit Church, [[Margao]]. They had their [[civil marriage]] registration completed fifteen days prior in Margao. At the time of his marriage, Vaz had established himself as a businessman, and his wife was also involved in business. Irene hailed from [[Chinchinim]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gama |first=Savio M. |date=1 December 1995 |title=Marriage Register |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/AllServices?cat=allZUeFHBL0zH_B_o_qI0Yn9nWEpm_kl2vuh1xW8sAol-2ZD-iDWhXpXWE_eMk/t-bc8/9nW91 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520212143/https://goaonline.gov.in/AllServices?cat=allZUeFHBL0zH_B_o_qI0Yn9nWEpm_kl2vuh1xW8sAol-2ZD-iDWhXpXWE_eMk/t-bc8/9nW91 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was a fellow [[Konkani language|Konkani]] actress and singer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Together, the couple has a son, Jeremiah (born 1998),&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; who was previously involved in the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]] as a singer&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2015-05-07 |title='Reporter' leaves audiences spellbound |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/reporter-leaves-audiences-spellbound/articleshow/47181154.cms |access-date=2024-08-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; and is now active in [[contemporary worship music]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Vaz is a devout [[Catholic]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2002, Vaz moved to [[Kuwait]] to participate in a ''[[tiatr]]'', a form of [[musical theater]], specifically in Simon Gonsalves' production titled ''Tujea Kallzak Vinchar''. Following this engagement, he was offered a job in Kuwait, allowing him to extend his stay. Throughout his time there, he actively engaged in performing in various ''tiatrs''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Additionally, he became a [[catechist]] at the [[Holy Family Cathedral, Kuwait]] in 2006. Vaz was actively involved in [[choral music]], holding the position of [[choirmaster]] at the cathedral where he oversaw three distinct [[choir]]s. He provided education to young children, instructing them in music as well as [[catechism]]. His family contributed to his musical endeavors, with his wife participating in the choir and their son, Jeremiah, accompanying the performances on the [[Keyboard (instrument)|keyboard]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Almeida |first=Gaspar |date=2011-08-23 |title=Tall and dignified, Sylvester Vaz |url=http://www.goa-world.com/goa/index.html |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Goa World|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823045211/http://www.goa-world.com/goa/index.html |archive-date=2011-08-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vaz moved back to his hometown in [[Margao, Goa]], in the early 2010s, before settling in London, UK, in the late 2010s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-09-21 |title=UK:Goan Chaplaincy Tiatr – Anchored in the Storms |url=https://www.britishasianews.com/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=British Asia News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624173828/https://www.britishasianews.com/ |archive-date=2019-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vaz, Sylvester}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1968 births]]<br /> [[Category:Tiatrists]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from South Goa district]]<br /> [[Category:Actors from South Goa district]]<br /> [[Category:Konkani-language singers]]<br /> [[Category:Catholic Charismatic Renewal]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derhgaon,_Nawada&diff=496340 2025-12-30T16:20:39Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: Starting New Data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description | Village cluster of Nayadih, Derhgaon, and Bishwanathpur}}<br /> {{refimprove|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --&gt;{{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Derhgaon<br /> | pushpin_map = India Bihar#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nawada, Bihar, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|25.09|N|85.75|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br /> | leader_title4 = [[Chief Minister]]<br /> | leader_name4 = [[Nitish Kumar]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Nawada district|Nawada]]<br /> | established_title = <br /> | governing_body = Khakhari Gram Panchayat<br /> | leader_title1 = [[Mukhi]]ya<br /> | leader_name1 = <br /> | leader_title2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br /> | leader_name2 = Aruna Devi<br /> | leader_title3 = [[Member of parliament|MP]]<br /> | leader_name3 = Chandan Singh<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 80<br /> | population_total = 6140<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 805130<br /> | official_name = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Derhgaon''' is a village in Kashi Chak Block, [[Nawada District]], in [[Bihar, India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=&lt;!-- not stated --&gt; |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; The local government includes Derhgaon proper and seven nearby villages.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> [[File:Chhath puja udit.jpg|thumb|Chhath puja in Derhgaon]]<br /> Derhgaon is a village located in Kashi Chak Block of Nawada district, Bihar with total 905 families residing. The Derhgaon village has population of 6140 of which 3245 are males while 2895 are females as per Population Census 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Derhgaon Village Population - Kashi Chak - Nawada, Bihar |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/257644-derhgaon-bihar.html |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Derhgaon village population of children with age 0-6 is 1063 which makes up 17.31% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Derhgaon village is 892 which is lower than Bihar state average of 918. Child Sex Ratio for the Derhgaon as per census is 915, lower than Bihar average of 935.<br /> <br /> ==Caste==<br /> Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 19.46% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0.05% of total population in Derhgaon village.<br /> <br /> The predominant religion in the region is [[Hinduism]], while in Nayadih, the [[Chaurasia]] community are among the largest in the community.<br /> Derhgaon comes under Khakhari panchayat, where large population belongs to [[Bhumihar]] community.<br /> There is Kurmi (Mahato), Kushwaha community also in majority in population.<br /> <br /> ==Government==<br /> As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Derhgaon village is administrated by Mukhiya (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village. Nayadih comes under Warisaliganj legislative constituency of state of Bihar and It also comes under the [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> #Derhgaon<br /> #Nayadih<br /> #Bishwanathpur<br /> #Durgapur<br /> #Benipur<br /> #Raghunathpur<br /> #Sita Chak<br /> #Tarapur<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> In Derhgaon village out of total population, 2214 were engaged in work activities. 76.20% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 23.80% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 2214 workers engaged in Main Work, 796 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 741 were Agricultural labourer.<br /> <br /> [[Agriculture]] is the main occupation, with the main crops being rice and wheat. However, the cultivation and growing of onion also offers substantial income to the residents.<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> [[File:A scene from Natak.jpg|thumb|A scene of natak at occasion of Saraswati puja]]<br /> Nayadih is accessible by rail, with a railway station derhgaon on the Gaya-Kiul section of the East Center Railway Zone of the Indian Railways. The predominant mode of public transportation to Derhgaon is the railway.<br /> <br /> '''Rail Network'''<br /> # [[Patna Junction railway station|Patna Railway Station]] → [[Gaya Junction railway station|Gaya Railway Station]] → Derhgaon or [[Patna Junction railway station|Patna Railway Station]] → [[Kiul railway station]] → Derhgaon<br /> <br /> '''By Road'''<br /> # [[Patna]] → [[Nawada]] → [[Warisaliganj]] → Derhgaon<br /> <br /> '''Nearby Airports'''<br /> <br /> #[[Gaya Airport]] {{Convert|89|km}}<br /> #[[Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport]], [[Patna]] {{Convert|113|km}}<br /> #[[Birsa Munda Airport]], [[Ranchi]] {{Convert|244|km}}<br /> #[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]], [[Kolkata]] {{Convert|465|km}}<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> Derhgaon village has higher literacy rate compared to Bihar. In 2011, literacy rate of Derhgaon village was 64.15% compared to 61.80% of Bihar. In Derhgaon Male literacy stands at 73.61% while female literacy rate was 53.50%.<br /> <br /> ==Festivals==<br /> #Chhath Puja<br /> #Holi<br /> #Diwali<br /> #Durga puja<br /> #Ram navami<br /> #Raksha Bandhan<br /> #Saraswati Puja<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Nawada district]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashtavinayak_(film)&diff=487972 2025-12-29T00:43:08Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: New Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Ashtavinayak <br /> | image = Ashtavinayak film.jpeg<br /> | alt = &lt;!-- see WP:ALT --&gt;<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Rajdutt]]<br /> | producer = Sharad Pilgaonkar <br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Sachin Pilgaonkar|Sachin]]<br /> *Vandana Pandit <br /> *[[Padma Chavan]]<br /> *[[Vasantrao Deshpande]]<br /> *[[Suryakant Mandhare]]<br /> *[[Raja Gosavi]]<br /> }}<br /> | writer = Manorama Films Story Section <br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | music = Anil-Arun <br /> | cinematography = Girish Karve<br /> | editing = Telang Gupte <br /> | studio = Manorama Films <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1979|2|16}}<br /> | runtime = 115 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Ashtavinayak''''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full movie |url=https://dai.ly/x98s7nk}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language film released on 16 February 1979.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Pilgaonkar |first1=Sachin |title='Ashtavinayak' - a blockbuster made by my father Sharad Pilgaonkar released on 16th February 1979 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DGJBCASM0jW/ |website=Instagram |date=16 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was directed by [[Rajdutt]] and produced by Sharad Pilgaonkar under the banner of Manorama Films.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ashtavinayak 1979 |url=https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/ashtavinayak/}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film is based on the divine intervention to a wealthy family from [[Sangli]] in 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='अष्टविनायक' मराठी चित्रपट – Marathisrushti Articles |url=https://www.marathisrushti.com/articles/ashtavinayak-marathi-movie/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.marathisrushti.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-09-08 |title=१९७५ मध्ये सांगलीतल्या कुटूंबात घडलेल्या सत्यघटनेवर आधारीत असणारा, अष्टविनायक सिनेमा. |url=https://bolbhidu.com/ashtavinayak-movie-sachin/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Marathi films that captured the true essence of Ganesh Chaturthi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/marathi-films-that-captured-the-true-essence-of-ganesh-chaturthi/photostory/65779924.cms |access-date=2024-03-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Nana Inamdar is the owner of a paper mill and a devotee of lord ganesh. The wealthy mill owner's son, Bal, returns from studying abroad with a grudge against God. He blames a cruel fate for his mother's death and a cold stepmother. Taking over the family business, Bal clashes with tradition by canceling the annual Ganesh festival, to complete increased orders but this decision angers the workers. Nana is not happy with Bal's decision but he keeps calm. Bal's stepmother is concerned about her future and asks Nana about it. Hearing it, Nana dies due to heart attack. <br /> <br /> Soon Bal falls in love with Veena, daughter of a veteran singer. He soon proposes her. She accepts it and promises lord ganesh that they both will complete the pilgrimage of 8 famous ganesh temples after marriage. Despite his atheism, Bal soon marries Veena, a devout believer. With blessings from their elder, Sathe Kaka (manager at mill), they begin life together. However, tensions rise as Bal removes the Ganesh temple from the mill for its expansion. Veena is not happy with this decision. The couple's strained relationship is further marred by a miscarriage and Veena's health deteriorates. Doctors too lose any medical hope in her case. As misfortune continues with a fire at the mill and Bal is in serious debt. Bal's stepmother gets a psychotic attack hearing the news as she too is partner in mill. Sathe Kaka urges Veena to seek divine help by completing the pilgrimage, she had promised before marriage.<br /> <br /> The reason behind Bal's atheism is revealed here. Bal's mother had died due to some serious ailment despite Nana providing best medical treatment. But Bal, then studying in a boarding school, is unaware of this fact and he had seen his father praying to Ganesh during last days of his mother. He had false belief that he lost his mother due to negligence and unnecessary faith in God. <br /> <br /> They both start the pilgrimage even if Bal is hesitant in the beginning. As the pilgrimage continues, Veena's health starts improving. At the last temple, Sathe kaka arrives with a good news that they have won the suit against insurance company and their claim will soon get accepted and they would regain their lost wealth. Bal then realises the divine power of God and starts believing in it.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]] as Bal Inamdar<br /> * Vandana Pandit as Veena Bhosle Inamdar<br /> * [[Chandrakant Mandare|Chandrakant Mandhare]] as Nana Inamdar (Bal's father)<br /> * [[Padma Chavan]] as Maai Inamdar (Bal's step-mother) <br /> * [[Raja Gosavi]] as Narayan &quot;Narya&quot; Chavan (Bal's step-uncle)<br /> * [[Sharad Talwalkar]] as Appa &quot;Guruji&quot; Sathe (Nana's friend) <br /> * [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Sadanand &quot;Sadya&quot; Sathe (Sathe Guruji's son) <br /> * [[Shama Deshpande|Shama Gosavi]] as Nayana Chavan (Narya's daughter) <br /> * [[Vasantrao Deshpande]] as Pandit Vishwanath Bhosle (Veena's father)<br /> * Saroj Sukhtankar as Aatya (Veena's paternal aunt) <br /> * Madhav Achwal as Inamdars' factory worker<br /> * Lata Thatte as Rama Sathe (Sathe Guruji's wife) <br /> <br /> ===Special appearances during &quot;''Ashtavinayaka Tujha Mahima Kasa''&quot; song===<br /> * [[Suryakant Mandhare]]<br /> * [[Ashok Saraf]]<br /> * [[Usha Chavan]]<br /> * [[Asha Kale]]<br /> * [[Sudhir Dalvi]]<br /> * [[Ravindra Mahajani]]<br /> * [[Shahu Modak]]<br /> * [[Jayshree Gadkar|Jayashree Gadkar]]<br /> <br /> ==Awards and nominations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Awards from popular organisations&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4biAAAAMAAJ |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who |date=1983 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Year<br /> !Award<br /> !Category<br /> !Winner <br /> !Result <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |1979<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]]<br /> |[[Sachin Pilgaonkar|Sachin]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi|Best Actress]] <br /> |Vandana Pandit<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Marathi|Best Director]]<br /> |[[Rajdutt]] <br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] <br /> |[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Second Film|Best Second Film]]<br /> |Sharad Pilgaonkar <br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] <br /> |[[Rajdutt]] <br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] <br /> |[[Sachin Pilgaonkar|Sachin]] <br /> |{{Nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] <br /> |Vandana Pandit<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] <br /> |Anil-Arun <br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer – Male]]<br /> |[[Vasantrao Deshpande]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer – Female]]<br /> |[[Anuradha Paudwal]]<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] <br /> |Shantaram Nandgaonkar<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Ashtavinayak<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = Anil-Arun<br /> | released = 1979<br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=47|s=49}}<br /> | language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | label = [[Saregama]]<br /> | misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio|{{YouTube |https://fNHBbuhiJ7w|Ashtavinayak - Full Album}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> The lyrics were penned by [[Shanta Shelke]], [[Jagdish Khebudkar]], Shantaram Nandgaonkar and Madhusudan Kalelkar. The songs were sung by [[Vasantrao Deshpande]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Rani Varma]] and Jaywant Kulkarni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ashtavinayak - 31 December 1979 Download {{!}} Ashtavinayak - 31 December 1979 Movie Songs Download |url=https://www.saregama.com/album/ashtavinayak_12510 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.saregama.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Ashtavinayak |url=https://www.hungama.com/album/ashtavinayak/1945989/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Track listing ===<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | all_music = Anil-Arun<br /> | headline = <br /> | extra_column = Singer (s)<br /> | title1 = Tu Sukhkarta Tu Dukhharta<br /> | length1 = 5:41<br /> | lyrics1 = Madhusudan Kalelkar<br /> | extra1 = [[Vasantrao Deshpande]], [[Rani Varma]]<br /> | title2 = Pratham Tula Vandito<br /> | length2 = 6:14<br /> | lyrics2 = Shantaram Nandgaonkar<br /> | extra2 = Vasantrao Deshpande<br /> | title3 = Ashtavinayaka Tuza Mahima Kasa<br /> | length3 = 18:37<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Jagdish Khebudkar]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Vasantrao Deshpande]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]], Jaywant Kulkarni, Chandrashekar Gadgil, Sharad Jambhekar, Mallesh<br /> | title4 = Aali Majhya Ghari Hi Diwali<br /> | length4 = 4:54<br /> | lyrics4 = Madhusudan Kalelkar<br /> | extra4 = [[Anuradha Paudwal]]<br /> | title5 = Disate Majala Sukh Chitra Nave<br /> | length5 = 4:56<br /> | lyrics5 = [[Shanta Shelke]]<br /> | extra5 = Anuradha Paudwal<br /> | title6 = Datun Kanth Yeto<br /> | length6 = 5:58<br /> | lyrics6 = Shantaram Nandgaonkar <br /> | extra6 = [[Vasantrao Deshpande]]<br /> | title7 = Ooth Mukunda Ooth Shridhara<br /> | length7 = 1:03<br /> | lyrics7 = Shanta Shelke<br /> | extra7 = Anuradha Paudwal<br /> | total_length = 47:49<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0258431}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1979 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1979 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1970s Marathi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian family films]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi-language films based on actual events]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Maharashtra]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ameen_Mission&diff=456322 2025-12-24T10:21:11Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Educational institute in West Bengal, India}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | name = Al-Ameen Mission<br /> | logo =<br /> | address = Khalatpur, [[Udaynarayanpur]], [[Howrah district|Howrah, West Bengal]]&lt;br /&gt; '''City Office:''' 53B, Elliot Road, Park Circus, [[Kolkata]] - 700016<br /> | established = {{Start date and age|1986}}<br /> | founder = M. Nurul Islam<br /> | website = {{URL|http://alameenmission.org}}<br /> | language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | publication = Al-Ameen Barta&lt;br&gt;Al-Ameen News Letter<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Al-Ameen Mission''' is a residential educational institute founded in 1987 with the goal of providing education and social services to underprivileged communities. It is located in the village of Khalatpur in [[Howrah district]] of [[West Bengal]], India. It is now spread across 18 districts of the state with 76 branches. Currently, about 12 thousand residential students attend. About 20 thousand students have attended the institute. Al ameen mission have now currently 74 branches and they expanding well in India. They have two other branches in India.It helped a lot to the people of rural area like Uttar Dinajpur, a less educated district where Hemtabad campus is famous . They performed very well in secondary examination and they notable alumni like Jahangir alam, Nurujjaman who is currently serving as doctor in North Bengal Medical College.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The Secretary-General of the Mission, Nurul Islam, set up the Khalatpur Junior High Madrasa in 1976, when he was still studying his tenth standard. In May 1984, he started the Institute of Islamic Culture, setting up a hostel for the institute in 1986 in the Madrasa building itself, supplying it with the collection of one fistful of rice from every home in his village, Khalatpur. In January 1987, it was renamed to Al-Ameen Mission, inspired by the Al-Ameen Educational Society of [[Mumtaz Ahmed Khan (humanitarian)|Dr. Mumtaj Ahmed Khan]] and Ramkrishna mission. It was later financially supported by industrialist Mustaque Hossain and many others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://alameenmission.org/aam/alameenmissionssl/mission.php#|title=Al-Ameen Mission|website=alameenmission.org|access-date=2020-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.islamicvoice.com/February2006/CommunityInitiative/|title=School Bells Echo Amidst Paddy Fields|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Al-Ameen Mission follows the curriculum of the [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]], but is transitioning to CBSE. A few new branches have been started, which are following the CBSE curriculum.<br /> In 2002, it was awarded &quot;The Telegraph School Award for Excellence&quot; which is shared with the [[South Point School (India)|South Point High School]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/at-a-glance-the-telegraph-school-awards-for-excellence-2009/cid/1267329|title=At a glance: The telegraph school awards for excellence 2009|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Activities ==<br /> As well as being an educational institute, [https://educationbengal.in/al-ameen-mission/ Al-Ameen Mission] also performs charitable work for the Muslim community. It has helped unemployed Muslims with loans and has started scholarship programs to help other communities' needy students.<br /> <br /> On 19 May 2015, Al-Ameen Mission received the [[Banga Bhushan]] Award. For the past several years Al Ameen Mission has been lauded for lifting the underprivileged kids to the profession and out of poverty.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2 November 2024 |title=AI-Ameen Mission fee structure |url=https://educationbengal.in/al-ameen-mission/ |website=Educationbengal.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 29 January 2023, Al-Ameen Mission started new residential school for orphan of class 2 to 4 named Amar Bari Shanti Neer (My home, peace home).<br /> <br /> == Funding ==<br /> Al-Ameen Mission is funded through donations from individuals, corporations, and the government. The mission is mostly run by donation and [[zakat]]. Muslims throughout the country contribute their zakat to the Mission, which takes care of 25% of seats reserved for the poor, destitute, and orphans. It has received funding from many sources such as Pataka Industries Pvt. Limited, the [[Maulana Azad Education Foundation]] and the Board of Waqfs, West Bengal.<br /> <br /> == Campus ==<br /> {{unreferenced section|date=September 2019}}<br /> The Al-Ameen Mission has established several campuses across India, providing education and social services to underprivileged communities in multiple states. The main campus of Mission, Al-Ameen Mission for Boys, is located at Khalatpur, Howrah.<br /> <br /> In addition to academic facilities, the Al-Ameen campuses also provide social services such as healthcare and counseling.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! Branch<br /> ! Type <br /> ! Established<br /> ! Specialization<br /> ! Location<br /> ! District<br /> ! State<br /> |-<br /> | Al-Ameen Mission<br /> | <br /> | 1986<br /> | <br /> | Khalatpur<br /> | Howrah<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | Al-Ameen Mission for Girls<br /> | <br /> | 2000<br /> | <br /> | Khalatpur<br /> | Howrah<br /> | West Benga<br /> |-<br /> | Al-Ameen Mission, Belpukur<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Belpukur<br /> | Dakshin Dinajpur<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | Al-Ameen Mission, Patharchapuri<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Patharchapri<br /> | Birbhum<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | Al-Ameen Mission, Dhuliyan<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Dhulian<br /> | Murshidabad<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | Al-Ameen Mission, Panchur<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Panchur<br /> | Kolkata<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | Al-Ameen Mission Academy, Beldanga<br /> | <br /> |<br /> | <br /> | Beldanga<br /> | Murshidabad<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Nayabaz<br /> | Howrah<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Khalishani<br /> | Howrah<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Uluberia<br /> | Howrah<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Newtown<br /> | North 24 Parganas<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Hasnecha<br /> | South 24 Parganas<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Suryapur<br /> | South 24 Parganas<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission<br /> Academy<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | Babnan, Dadpur<br /> | Hooghly<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | Pandua<br /> | Hooghly<br /> | West Bengal <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Chapra<br /> | Nadia<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Malda<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Memari<br /> | Purba Bardwan<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Jalpaiguri<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Paschim Mednipur<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Ujuniya<br /> | Murshidabad<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Rampurhat<br /> | Birbhum<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Jharbari<br /> | <br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Hemtabad<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Siliguri<br /> | <br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | kharagpur<br /> | <br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Ratanpur<br /> | <br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Vabta<br /> | <br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Ranchi<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Hauli<br /> | <br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | Palasi Girls Hostel<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Nadia<br /> | West Bengal<br /> |-<br /> | Chichuriya High School<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Boys Hostel<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | Tripura<br /> |-<br /> |Al-Ameen Mission Academy<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Jharbari <br /> |Uttar Dinajpur <br /> |West Bengal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Unsani(2012) <br /> Howrah<br /> West Bengal<br /> <br /> Al ameen residential academy(2022)<br /> Lalbagh, Murshidabad<br /> West Bengal<br /> <br /> == Management ==<br /> {{unreferenced section|date=September 2019}}<br /> The main campus of Mission, Al-Ameen Mission is managed by a school board. The board of the main campus is also in charge of maintaining other sites. Across West Bengal, Al Ameen runs about 50 schools in total. Most of them are directly run by Al Ameen Mission and a few are located in remote village areas which are run by local non-profits for better management and service. These schools are listed as in &quot;Collaboration with Al Ameen Mission.&quot; Aside from the details of management, these schools are identical to Al Ameen Mission's schools.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of schools in Howrah]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:1986 establishments in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1986]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temples_of_North_Karnataka&diff=469878 2025-11-29T23:46:34Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: cleanup information and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{more footnotes|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{short description|List of Hindu temples in India}}<br /> [[File:Distance from major cities to North Karnataka.jpg|thumbnail|Distance from major cities of [[Karnataka]] to [[North Karnataka]]]]<br /> [[File:Hampi Main.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Virupaksha temple, Hampi in [[Vijayanagara District]], North Karnataka]]<br /> '''Temples of North Karnataka'''&lt;ref name=&quot;templenet.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.templenet.com/enckarn1.html#The%20Karnataka%20Temple%20List<br /> |title=Temples of Karnataka <br /> |access-date=2008-08-18<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.indiantemples.com/enckarn1.html<br /> |title=Temples of Karnataka <br /> |access-date=2008-08-18<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.indiasite.com/karnataka/temples.html<br /> |title=Famous Temples of Karnataka<br /> |access-date=2008-08-18<br /> |archive-date=3 March 2016<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170008/http://www.indiasite.com/karnataka/temples.html<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Gadag region ==<br /> * [[Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi]]<br /> * [[Trikuteshwara]] temple at [[Gadag]]<br /> <br /> == Koppal region ==<br /> * [[Mahadeva Temple (Itagi)]] near [[Koppal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.indiantemples.com/Karnataka/mahaitgi.html<br /> |title=Mahadeva Temple at Itgi <br /> |access-date=2008-08-18<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Hubli-Dharwad region==<br /> [[File:Unkal Chandramouleshwara 1.JPG|thumb|right|200px| [[Chandramouleshwara Temple]] at Unkal [[Hubli-Dharwad]]]]<br /> <br /> * [[Chandramouleshwara Temple]] at Unkal, [[Hubballi]]<br /> <br /> * [[Banashankari Temple, Amargol|Banashankari Temple]] at Amargol Town, Hubballi<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Western Chalukya temples]]<br /> * [[List of North Karnataka historical sites]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Temples Of North Karnataka}}<br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Uttara Kannada district]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Karnataka|North Kannara]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Karnataka]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Good_Night&diff=549380 2025-11-26T19:42:46Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{wiktionary|good night}}<br /> <br /> '''Good Night''' or '''Goodnight''' may refer to:<br /> <br /> {{TOCRight}}<br /> <br /> ==Film and television==<br /> * [[Good Night (2008 film)|''Good Night'' (2008 film)]], a short film from India<br /> * [[Good Night (2023 film)]], an Indian Tamil-language film<br /> * ''[[The Good Night]]'', a 2007 film<br /> * ''[[Good Night, and Good Luck]]'', a 2005 film<br /> * &quot;Good Night&quot;, one of five mini-episodes from the ''Doctor Who'' shorts &quot;[[Night and the Doctor]]&quot;<br /> * [[Good Night (Homeland)|&quot;Good Night&quot; (''Homeland'')]], 10th episode of season 3 of the TV series ''Homeland''<br /> * [[Good Night (The Simpsons)|&quot;Good Night&quot; (''The Simpsons'')]], a short from ''The Tracy Ullman Show'' featuring the debut of the main Simpsons family<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> <br /> ===Albums===<br /> * ''Goodnight'', by [[William Fitzsimmons (musician)|William Fitzsimmons]]<br /> <br /> ===Songs===<br /> *[[Goodnight (Babybird song)|&quot;Goodnight&quot; (Babybird song)]], 1996<br /> * [[Good Night (Beatles song)|&quot;Good Night&quot; (Beatles song)]], 1968<br /> * [[Good Night (Reece Mastin song)|&quot;Good Night&quot; (Reece Mastin song)]], 2011<br /> * [[A Good Night (John Legend song)|&quot;A Good Night&quot; (John Legend song)]], 2018<br /> * &quot;Goodnight&quot;, by Air Supply from ''[[Across the Concrete Sky]]''<br /> * &quot;Goodnight&quot;, by Cher Lloyd from ''[[Sorry I'm Late (Cher Lloyd album)|Sorry I'm Late]]''<br /> * &quot;Goodnight&quot;, by [[Cliff Eberhardt]], covered by,<br /> ** Buffy Sainte-Marie from ''[[Coincidence and Likely Stories]]''<br /> ** Erasure from ''[[Other People's Songs]]''<br /> * &quot;Good Night&quot;, by [[Dreamcatcher (group)|Dreamcatcher]]<br /> * &quot;Goodnight&quot;, by Galactic from ''[[Coolin' Off]]''<br /> * &quot;Goodnight&quot;, by Idlewild from ''[[Warnings/Promises]]''<br /> * &quot;Good Night&quot;, by Kanye West from ''[[Graduation (Kanye West album)|Graduation]]''<br /> * &quot;Good Night&quot;, by [[Masaharu Fukuyama]]<br /> * &quot;Good Night&quot;, by The Pillows from ''[[White Incarnation]]''<br /> * &quot;Good Night&quot;, by Toby Fox, a track from [[Undertale Soundtrack|the soundtrack]] of the 2015 video game ''Undertale''<br /> * &quot;Good Night&quot;, by Zerobaseone from ''[[Melting Point (EP)|Melting Point]]''<br /> * &quot;Goodnight&quot;, by ZOX from ''[[Line in the Sand (ZOX album)|Line in the Sand]]''<br /> * &quot;Goodnight&quot;, a 1965 single by [[Roy Orbison]]<br /> * &quot;Good Nights&quot;, by Fitz and the Tantrums from ''[[Let Yourself Free]]''<br /> * &quot;[[Goodnight Goodnight]]&quot;, by Hot Hot Heat<br /> <br /> ==People==<br /> *[[Goodnight (surname)]], including a list of people named Goodnight<br /> <br /> ==Places==<br /> <br /> === In Australia ===<br /> <br /> * [[Good Night, Queensland]], a locality in the Bundaberg Region<br /> <br /> === In the United States ===<br /> * [[Goodnight, Kentucky]], an unincorporated community<br /> * [[Goodnight, Missouri]], a village<br /> * [[Goodnight, Oklahoma]], an unincorporated community<br /> * [[Goodnight, Texas]], an unincorporated community<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *{{intitle|Good Night}}<br /> *{{intitle|Goodnight}}<br /> <br /> {{disambiguation|geo}}</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doghi&diff=452387 2025-11-25T05:55:55Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: Updated formatting and improved readability</p> <hr /> <div>{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Doghi<br /> | image = Doghi poster.jpg<br /> | alt = Doghi poster<br /> | caption = Doghi poster<br /> | director = [[Sumitra Bhave]],&lt;br&gt;[[Sunil Sukthankar]]<br /> | producer = [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]],&lt;br&gt;[[Doordarshan]]<br /> | writer = Sumitra Bhave (also dialogue)<br /> | screenplay = Sumitra Bhave<br /> | story = Sumitra Bhave<br /> | starring = [[Renuka Daftadar]],&lt;br&gt;[[Sonali Kulkarni]],&lt;br&gt;[[Uttara Baokar]],&lt;br&gt;[[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Madhu Kambikar]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Suryakant Mandhare]]<br /> | music = [[Anand Modak]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Namdeo Dhondo Mahanor]] (lyrics)<br /> | cinematography = Charudatta Dukhande<br /> | editing = Sumitra Bhave,&lt;br&gt;Sunil Sukthankar<br /> | released = {{Film date|1995}}<br /> | runtime = 141 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Doghi''''' ({{translation|''Two Sisters''}}) is a 1995 Indian [[Marathi cinema|Marathi film]] directed by filmmaker duo [[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]] and produced by [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] in association with [[Doordarshan]]. The film won three awards at the [[43rd National Film Awards]] in 1995; the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]], the [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]], and a [[National Film Award – Special Mention (Feature Film)|Special Mention]] for [[Uttara Baokar]] and nine awards including the Best Film at 32nd [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] in 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;43rdawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/43rd_nff_1996.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 March 2012|pages=16–17, 36–37, 82–83}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The oldest of two sisters, Gauri (Renuka Daftadar), is getting married and there is festivity in the household. Elders of the village advise her to visit a temple before the groom arrives. Accompanied by her younger sister, Krishna,([[Sonali Kulkarni]]) and her uncle ([[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]]), notices on the way back, in the newspaper, that groom's family had met with a fatal accident while coming to the village.<br /> <br /> Gauri and Krishna's father ([[Suryakant Mandhare]]) is paralysed by the shocking news. The villagers shun Gauri as an ill omen. Soon, the family faces financial troubles, so they attempt to [[Tillage|till]] their piece of infertile land to get some money. When nothing works out, their mother ([[Uttara Baokar]]) asks her brother to take Gauri to Mumbai for a job. Initially hesitant, he agrees but only on the condition her mother not ask any further questions about Gauri's whereabouts in the future.<br /> <br /> Gauri's uncle forces her into prostitution and she starts sending money to her family every month. Things get better for the family and her uncle finds a groom for Krishna, a young idealist, Shesh Waghmare (Abhay Kulkarni), working with an NGO. Gauri visits the village for Krishna's marriage but their mother does not allow her to take part in any activities because of Gauri's unfortunate marriage incident and her way of earning money.<br /> <br /> When Krishna discovers this, she questions their mother and convinces her to accept Gauri. When Gauri decides to leave the wedding ceremony and the village, Shesh's activist friend, Nivrutti Kamble (Sunil Sukthankar), proposes to her, in spite of knowing her past. Gauri stays in the village, never to return to her life as a prostitute in Mumbai.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * Renuka Daftadar as Gauri<br /> * [[Sonali Kulkarni]] as Krishna<br /> * [[Uttara Baokar]] as mother<br /> * [[Suryakant Mandhare]] as father<br /> * [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]] as uncle<br /> * [[Madhu Kambikar]] as aunty<br /> * Abhay Kulkarni as Shesh Waghmare<br /> * Sunil Sukthankar as Nivrutti Kamble<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> *&quot;Nagpanchamiche Sana Bai&quot; (part 1) - [[Anjali Kulkarni]], [[Shilpa Datar]]<br /> *&quot;Phalgun Mas Yeta&quot; - Madhuri Purandare<br /> *&quot;Ithe Aalo Hoto&quot; - Keshav Badge<br /> *&quot;Jhoka Jato Aakashala&quot; - Madhuri Purandare, Shilpa Datar<br /> *&quot;Nagpanchamiche Sana Bai&quot; (part 2) - Anjali Kulkarni, Shilpa Datar<br /> *'Aandhali Shraddha Jite Titaliya&quot; - Tyagraj Khadilkar, Mukund Phansalkar<br /> *&quot;Bhui Bhegalali Khol&quot; - Anjali Kulkarni<br /> *&quot;Bhau Sange Bahinila Ga&quot; - Parth Umrani, Shilpa Datar<br /> *&quot;Sheth Dhanyana Datali&quot; - Madhuri Purandare<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film marked the directorial feature film debut for Sumitra Bhave and Sunil Sukthankar. While working on a short film ''Bai'' (1985), Sukthankar joined Bhave as an assistant. Later, they worked on several short films together.&lt;ref name=&quot;HDFCI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mailer.hdfcbank.com/Nov14/New/Imperia_Newsletter/imperia_magazine/files/assets/basic-html/page13.html|title=First Among Equals|publisher=HDFC Imperia|access-date=24 January 2017|date=November 2014|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011072721/http://mailer.hdfcbank.com/Nov14/New/Imperia_Newsletter/imperia_magazine/files/assets/basic-html/page13.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; After watching one of their short film ''Chakori'' (1992),&lt;ref name=&quot;esp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laenanamarron.org/inedito.html|title=Muestra de cine independiente indio|trans-title=Indian independent cinema shows|language=es|access-date=27 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] (NFDC) invited Bhave and Sukthankar to make ''Doghi''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.maayboli.com/node/9539|title=संवाद: श्रीमती सुमित्रा भावे व श्री. सुनील सुकथनकर|trans-title=Interview: Sumitra Bhave and Sunil Sukthankar|language=mr|publisher=Maayboli|date=23 July 2009|access-date=5 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was eventually produced by NFDC in association with [[Doordarshan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DoghiAwards&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemasofindia.com/#product/unknown/16360/doghi|title=Doghi@Cinemas of India|publisher=NFDC|access-date=16 January 2017}}<br /> * {{cite web|url=http://www.nfdcindia.com/cinemasofindia/home-video-02.htm|title=Doghi@NFDC|publisher=NFDC|access-date=16 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The director [[Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni]] worked as an assistant director for the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20090126-faces-of-the-future-738759-2009-01-14|title=Faces of the future|work=India Today|date=16 January 2009|access-date=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Reviewing the film at the Indian Panorama section of the [[International Film Festival of India]], S. R. Ashok Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' pwrote that &quot;A small story made into a good film&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960113/03/1226a.html|title=The cream of Indian cinema|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 January 1996|page=26|first=S. R. Ashok|last=Kumar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961221151607/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960113/03/1226a.html|archive-date=21 December 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Hindi movie ''[[Laaga Chunari Mein Daag]]'' was inspired by Doghi.<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> It won three awards at the [[43rd National Film Awards]] in 1995. The film was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]] &quot;for its depiction of poverty-stricken rural family consisting of two young sisters&quot; and depicting &quot;the agony of survival in a tradition bound hostile society and their subsequent liberation&quot;. [[Anjali Marathe]] was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] &quot;for her melodious and heart rendering song [&quot;Bhui Bhegalali Khol&quot;] expressing the aridness of life&quot; and [[Uttara Baokar]] won a [[National Film Award – Special Mention (Feature Film)|Special Mention]] &quot;for her sensitive portrayal of the agony of a mother in the midst of poverty and honour&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;43rdawardPDF&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The film won nine awards including the Best Film at 32nd [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] in 1996. It was awarded Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Script, Best Story, Best Music, Best Songs, Best Female Playback Singer, and Best Art Director. Bhave and Sukthankar were awarded as the Best Director at the 1997 Kalnirnay Award. [[Sonali Kulkarni]] won the Best Actress Award at the [[Filmfare Marathi Awards]] and the film was awarded the Grand Jury Prize at Cinema Delle Donne Italy in 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;DoghiAwards&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sonali-kulkarni-s-take-on-life-to-be-unveile/585865/|title=Sonali Kulkarni's take on life to be unveiled today|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=2 March 2010|access-date=5 May 2017|location=Mumbai}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0305483}}<br /> {{National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues}}<br /> {{Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1995 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]]<br /> [[Category:Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award winners]]<br /> [[Category:1990s Marathi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:National Film Development Corporation of India films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Anand Modak]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renuka_Menon&diff=456203 2025-11-13T00:36:07Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: formatting fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film actress}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Renuka Menon<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|11|3|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]], India<br /> | education = [[Bachelor of Business Administration]]<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model|dancer}}<br /> | spouse = {{Marriage|Suraj Menon|2006}}<br /> | children = 2<br /> | othername = Renu<br /> | yearsactive = 2002{{endash}}2006<br /> | known for = ''[[Nammal]]'' (2002) &lt;br/&gt; ''[[Daas (2005 film)|Daas]]'' (2005) &lt;br/&gt; ''[[Vargam]]'' (2006)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Renuka Menon''' (born 3 November 1983)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/remember-kalabha-kadhalan-actress-renuka-menon-heres-what-she-is-doing-now-8841927.html|title=Remember Kalabha Kadhalan Actress Renuka Menon? Here's What She Is Doing Now|date=6 April 2024|website=www.news18.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/bhavana-completes-20-years-in-films-expresses-gratitude-to-nammal-team-1.8150109|title=Bhavana completes 20 years in films, expresses gratitude to 'Nammal' team|date=20 December 2022|website=english.mathrubhumi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a former Indian actress who has predominantly appeared in [[Malayalam]] and [[Telugu-language]] films as well as some [[Tamil-language]] and [[Kannada]] films.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/07das.asp|date=11 July 2005|access-date=18 July 2024|website=Chennai Online|title=Das|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205034549/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/07das.asp|archive-date=5 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She made her acting debut in ''[[Nammal]]'' (2002).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.doolnews.com/music-director-mohan-sithara-about-nammal-movie-songs-454.html|title=Nammal (2002) movie songs, mp3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/nammal-review-malayalam-pcluy2cdbfgbg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512003335/https://www.sify.com/movies/nammal-review-malayalam-pcluy2cdbfgbg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 May 2022|title=Nammal|work=[[Sify]]|date=24 April 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her notable films include ''[[Daas (2005 film)|Daas]]'' (2005),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13909216&amp;cid=2408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020091636/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13909216&amp;cid=2408 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 October 2012 |title=Welcome to|website=[[Sify]] |date=20 January 2007 |access-date=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Vargam]]'' (2006)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/vargam/20060314.htm | title=Vargam: Worth the price of a ticket }}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''[[Kalabha Kadhalan]]'' (2006).&lt;ref name=co&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2006/01kalabhakadhalan.asp |title=Kalabha Kadhalan |website=Chennai Online |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060114093825/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2006/01kalabhakadhalan.asp |archive-date=14 January 2006 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2006, Menon retired from acting and currently runs a dance school in California.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://m.vanitha.in/celluloid/celebrity-interview/renuka-menon-family-vanitha-special.html |title='അമ്മാ... അമ്മയെ എന്തിനാ ഇന്റർവ്യൂ ചെയ്യണേ?'; മകളുടെ ചോദ്യത്തിന് രേണുക നൽകിയ മറുപടി &amp;#124; renuka menon actress &amp;#124; renuka menon family &amp;#124; renuka menon nammal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raaga.com |title=Kalabak Kadhalan Songs Download, Kalabak Kadhalan All MP3 Songs, Raaga.com All Songs |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/kalabak-kadhalan-songs-T0000769 |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=www.raaga.com |language=en |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202065106/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/kalabak-kadhalan-songs-T0000769 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/jishnu-nammal-and-ordinary-films.html#|title='നമ്മളി'ലൊരാളായി, തികച്ചും 'ഓർഡിനറി'യായി|website=www.manoramaonline.com|date=25 March 2016|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early and personal life==<br /> Renuka was born on 3 November 1983 in [[Alappuzha]] and also she pursued her [[Bachelor of Business Administration]] degree in [[Thrissur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/actress-renuka-menon-latest-family-photo-has-shocked-the-fans-176563|title=Renuka Menon: ஆர்யா பட நடிகைக்கு இவ்வளவு பெரிய மகளா? ஃபேமிலி போட்டோ பகிர்ந்த ரேணுகா மேனன்|author=Lavanya Yuvaraj|date=4 April 2023|website=tamil.abplive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She married Suraj Menon, a US-based software engineer, on 21 November 2006. They have two daughters, Swathi and Anika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/web-stories/entertainment/nammal-movie-fame-actress-renuka-menon-age-lifestory-and-family-details/photoshow/108283139.cms|title='നമ്മളിലെ അപർണ ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്'! 40 വയസ്സിലും ഇന്നും അതുപോലെ!|date=7 March 2024|website=malayalam.samayam.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/actress-renuka-menon-s-family-pics-went-viral/articleshow/94395341.cms|title=ഭർത്താവിനും മക്കൾക്കുമൊപ്പമായി സന്തുഷ്ട കുടുംബജീവിതം! നമ്മളിലെ അപർണ, രേണുക മേനോന്റെ ഇപ്പോഴത്തെ വിശേഷങ്ങൾ ഇതാണ്! ചിത്രങ്ങൾ വൈറൽ|date=23 September 2023|website=malayalam.samayam.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> ===2002-2004: Early debut and its recognition===<br /> At the age of 19, Renuka made her acting debut through ''[[Nammal]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;asianetnews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/sidharth-bharathan-remember-late-actor-jishnu-raghavan-nrn-rs0taj|title='നീണ്ട ഏഴ് വർഷങ്ങൾ.. ഓർത്തു കൊണ്ടേയിരിക്കുന്നു'; ജിഷ്ണുവിന്റെ ഓർമയിൽ സിദ്ധാർത്ഥ് ഭരതൻ|website=asianetnews.com|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; opposite [[Jishnu|Jishnu Raghavan]], [[Sidharth Bharathan]] and [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bhavana-menon-on-20-years-of-nammal-i-still-remember-the-way-i-sulked-when-they-finished-my-make-up-saying-no-one-is-gonna-recognize-me/articleshow/96361587.cms|title=Bhavana Menon on 20 years of 'Nammal': I still remember the remember the way I sulked when they finished my make-up, saying, 'no one is gonna recognize me'|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=20 December 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was commercially successful and well received by critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/02/15/stories/2003021502360200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221190650/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/02/15/stories/2003021502360200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2016|title=A filmi shot in the arm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/top-6-all-time-best-youth-centric-films-of-mollywood/top-6-all-time-best-youth-centric-films-of-mollywood/photostory/52902727.cms|title=Top 6 all-time best youth-centric films of Mollywood|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Then she acted in several films ''Mayamohithachandran'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/jayam-ravi-and-renuka-menon-shines-in-the-romance-dass-tamil-movie-and-yuvan-shankar-raja-hit-in-the-music-131722215594552.html|title=19 Years Of Daas: ஜெயம் ரவி - ரேணுகா மேனன் ரொமான்ஸில் மிளிர்ந்த தாஸ்.. இசையில் சிக்ஸர் அடித்த யுவன் சங்கர் ராஜா|author=M.Marimuthu|date=29 July 2024|website=tamil.hindustantimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/film-serial-actress-yamuna-got-married-442660/|title=സിനിമാ സീരിയൽ താരം യമുന വിവാഹിതയായി|date=13 December 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Freedom''&lt;ref name=&quot;jishn&quot;&gt;{{cite news| date=27 Mar 2016 |title=A promising career cut short by cancer |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malayalam-actor-jishnu-raghavan-a-promising-career-cut-short-by-cancer/article8401215.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''[[Meerayude Dukhavum Muthuvinte Swapnavum]]'' along with [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/news/entertainment/2017/11/06/malika-sukumaran-speaks-about-the-conspiracy.html|title=അവർ മക്കളെയും സിനിമയില്‍ നിന്ന് അകറ്റാന്‍ ശ്രമിച്ചു: മല്ലിക സുകുമാരൻ|website=Manoramanews|date=6 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Then, she made her Telugu-language debut in ''[[Anandamanandamaye]]'' along with [[Jai Akash]] and it received positive reviews from critics.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220411014246/https://www.sify.com/movies/meerayude-dukhavum-muthuvinte-swapnavum-review-malayalam-pclvlsegbcfei.html ''Sify'' review]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/anandamanandamaye-review-tamil-pclv0kijhefeb.html|title=Anandamanandamaye|date=14 February 2004|work=Sify|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130705150103/http://www.sify.com/movies/anandamanandamaye-review-tamil-13389071.html|archive-date=5 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.doolnews.com/renuka-menon-talks-about-prithviraj-sukumaran-138-64.html#google_vignette|title=പലരും രാജുവിന്റെ ആ രീതിയെ അന്ന് തെറ്റിദ്ധരിച്ചു; ആളുകള്‍ എന്നെ കുറിച്ചും അങ്ങനെ ചിന്തിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ടാകാം: രേണുക|date=11 July 2024|website=www.doolnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2005-2006: Foray into other industries===<br /> In 2005, Menon made her debut Tamil-language and Kannada film debuts in ''[[February 14 (film)|February 14]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2005/07February14.asp |title=February 14 |website=Chennai Online |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006010247/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2005/07February14.asp |archive-date=6 October 2006 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; alongside [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], and ''[[News (film)|News]]'' opposite [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Heroine count: the more the merrier |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bangalore-times/heroine-count-the-more-the-merrier/articleshow/755362.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 June 2004 |access-date=3 April 2009 |first1=Kavvya |last1=Christopher}}&lt;/ref&gt; respectively. Later that year, she starred in another Tamil film, ''[[Daas (2005 film)|Daas]]'' opposite [[Jayam Ravi]] and it was praised by critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/05look.htm |title=Jeyam Ravi on a hat-trick |publisher=Rediff |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.viggy.com/english/current_news.asp News about 'News']&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2006, she acted in the Malayalam film ''[[Vargam]]'',{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} paired with [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]] again after ''[[Meerayude Dukhavum Muthuvinte Swapnavum]]'', following which, she appeared in the Tamil film ''[[Kalabha Kadhalan]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=19 March 2006 |title=கலாபக் காதலன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-03-19/page/n1/mode/2up |access-date=13 March 2024 |magazine=Kalki |page=1 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; opposite [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] and in the multi-starrer ''[[Pathaaka]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mangalam.com/news/detail/718717-latest-news-actress-renuka-menon-shared-pictures-of-the-dance.html#google_vignette|title=ഈ നടിയെ മനസ്സിലായോ? പ്രായമാകുന്നതായി തോന്നുന്നതേ ഇല്ല , ഇപ്പോഴും അതീവ സുന്ദരിയാണെന്ന് ആരാധകര്‍|date=25 June 2024|website=www.mangalam.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year <br /> ! Film <br /> ! Role <br /> ! Language <br /> ! Notes<br /> ! Ref<br /> |-<br /> | 2002<br /> | ''[[Nammal]]''<br /> | Aparna<br /> | Malayalam<br /> | Malayalam debut<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-shine-tom-chacko-has-appeared-in-nammal/articleshow/83770413.cms|title=Did you know Shine Tom Chacko has appeared in 'Nammal'?|date=23 June 2021|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2003<br /> | ''[[Meerayude Dukhavum Muthuvinte Swapnavum]]''<br /> | Aswathy<br /> | Malayalam<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/delve/pitied-and-desexualised-how-malayalam-cinema-has-portrayed-people-disability-101614|title=Pitied and desexualised: How Malayalam cinema has portrayed people with disability|author=Neelima Menon|date=11 May 2018|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Mayamohithachandran''<br /> | Maya<br /> | Malayalam<br /> | <br /> | {{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2004 <br /> | ''Freedom''<br /> | Anjali <br /> | Malayalam<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/freedom-on-mazhavil-manorama/articleshow/49748425.cms|title='Freedom' on Mazhavil Manorama|date=18 November 2015|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Anandamanandamaye]]'' <br /> | Bhuvaneshwari <br /> | Telugu<br /> | Telugu debut<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.filmyfocus.com/unknown-and-interesting-story-behind-anandamanandamaye-movie-making|title=Anandamanandamaye: 19 ఏళ్ళ 'ఆనందమానందమాయే' వెనుక ఇంత కథ ఉందా?|date=7 February 2023|website=telugu.filmyfocus.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Valliddaru Okkate'' <br /> | Sravani <br /> | Telugu<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://moviegq.com/movie/valliddaru-okkate-9163|title=Valliddaru Okkate 2004 Telugu Movie Wiki, Cast, Crew, Songs, Videos, Release Date|website=MovieGQ|language=en|access-date=2021-05-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2005 <br /> | ''[[February 14 (film)|February 14]]'' <br /> | Pooja <br /> | Tamil<br /> | Tamil debut<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[News (film)|News]]'' <br /> | Divya<br /> | Kannada <br /> | Kannada debut<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Daas (2005 film)|Daas]]'' <br /> | Rajeshwari <br /> | Tamil<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dass-review-tamil-13906776.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011225834/http://www.sify.com/movies/dass-review-tamil-13906776.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2014 |title=Movie Review:Dass|website=[[Sify]] |access-date=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2006 <br /> | ''[[Vargam]]'' <br /> | Nadhiya <br /> | Malayalam<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/prithviraj-would-like-to-remake-vargam/articleshow/67849592.cms | title=Prithviraj: Would like to remake Vargam - Times of India ► | website=[[The Times of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kalabha Kadhalan]]''<br /> | Anbarasi<br /> | Tamil<br /> |<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pathaaka]]''<br /> | Meera Menon<br /> | Malayalam<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/07pathaka.htm|title = Suresh Gopi can't save Pathaka}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2009<br /> | ''Madhan''<br /> | Renuka<br /> | Tamil<br /> | Unreleased film<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===TV shows===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Show<br /> ! Channel<br /> ! Notes<br /> ! Ref<br /> |-<br /> | 2003<br /> | ''Onnanu Nammal''<br /> | [[Surya TV]]<br /> | paired with Nammal<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kinescope|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/23/stories/2002122300330300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030721020641/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/23/stories/2002122300330300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 July 2003|accessdate=22 January 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 December 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/270316/buddies-tribute-to-warrior-pal-jishnu.html|title=Buddies' tribute to warrior pal Jishnu|website=Deccan Chronicle|date=27 March 2016 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|1464931}}<br /> * {{Instagram|renukamenon_}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control|state=expanded}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Menon, Renuka}}<br /> [[Category:1983 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Malayali people]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Alappuzha]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female dancers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]</div>

AlannahHudspeth https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandabeswar&diff=524090 2025-11-07T06:14:35Z

<p>AlannahHudspeth: </p> <hr /> <div>{{About|the administrative centre|1 its namesake community development block|Pandabeswar (community development block)|2 its namesake operational area of ECL|Pandaveswar Area|3 its namesake assembly constituency|Pandaveswar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Pandabeswar<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --&gt;<br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Neighborhood in [[Durgapur, West Bengal]]<br /> | image_skyline = Railway Station in Sainthia Andal line 04.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Pandabeswar railway station<br /> | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23|43|12.0|N|87|16|48.0|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = City<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Durgapur]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = 19th Century<br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 713346 (Pandaveshwar)<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code<br /> | area_code = 0341<br /> | registration_plate = WB40/38<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Pandaveswar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pandaveswar]]<br /> | website = {{URL|http://bardhaman.gov.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Pandabeswar''' (also spelled Pandaveswar) is a [[neighborhood]], a [[community development block]] and an administrative centre in [[Pandabeswar (community development block)|Pandabeswar]] CD Block in the city of [[Durgapur]] of [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> {{OSM Location map<br /> | width=430| height=350| zoom=11<br /> | coord={{coord|23|39|20|N|87|15|10|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and ECL Areas in the northern portion of Durgapur subdivision in Paschim Bardhaman district'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: Municipal Corporation, CT: census town, R: rural/urban administrative centre&lt;br/&gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br /> |mark-coord1= {{coord|23|44|4|N|87|14|22|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Kendra Khottamdi | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Kendra Khottamdi]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br /> |mark-coord2={{coord|23|36|40|N|87|16|28|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Ichhapur| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Ichhapur, Paschim Bardhaman|Ichhapur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord3={{coord|23|38|6|N|87|16|3|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Sarpi| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Sarpi, Paschim Bardhaman|Sarpi]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord4={{coord|23|39|49|N|87|18|0|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Nabaghanapur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Nabaghanapur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord5={{coord|23|41|5|N|87|18|6|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Sirsha| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Sirsha, India|Sirsha]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord6={{coord|23|42|44|N|87|19|26|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Banagram| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Banagram, Paschim Bardhaman|Banagram]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord7={{coord|23|42|10|N|87|18|37|E}} | label-pos7=bottom|label7= Mandarbani| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Mandarbani]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|5|N|87|11|20|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Bahula| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Bahula]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord9={{coord|23|40|25|N|87|11|55|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Chhora| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Chhora]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord10={{coord|23|41|10|N|87|11|50|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Haripur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Haripur, Paschim Bardhaman|Haripur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord11={{coord|23|40|15|N|87|14|5|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Sankarpur| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Sankarpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Sankarpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord12={{coord|23|40|47|N|87|14|41|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Nabgram| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Nabgram]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord13={{coord|23|40|40|N|87|15|53|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Konardihi| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Konardihi]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord14={{coord|23|42|35|N|87|17|22|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Mahal| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Mahal, Paschim Bardhaman|Mahal]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord15={{coord|23|43|12|N|87|16|42|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Baidyanathpur| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Baidyanathpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Baidyanathpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord16={{coord|23|42|49|N|87|15|13|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Dalurband| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Dalurband]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord17={{coord|23|43|40|N|87|15|45|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Ramnagar| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Ramnagar, Pandaveswar|Ramnagar]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord18={{coord|23|43|14|N|87|14|5|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Bilpahari| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Bilpahari]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord19={{coord|23|38|35|N|87|15|40|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Chak Bankola| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Chak Bankola]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord20={{coord|23|38|29|N|87|11|22|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Parashkol| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Parashkol]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord21={{coord|23|40|0|N|87|13|33|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21=ECL Kenda |labela21= Area Office |numbered21=0| mark-title21=[[Kenda Area|ECL Kenda Area Office]] (A)| label-size21=12| shape-color21=#AA6666<br /> |mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|39|N|87|16|20|E}} | label-pos22= right|label22=ECL Pandaveswar Area Office | numbered22=0| mark-title22=[[Pandaveswar Area|ECL Pandaveswar Area Office]] (A)|shape-color22=#AA6666| label-size22=12<br /> |mark-coord23={{coord|23|39|49|N|87|14|13|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23=ECL Bankola|labela23= Area Office | numbered23=0| mark-title23=[[Bankola Area|ECL Bankola Area Office]] (A)|shape-color23= #AA6666|label-size23=12<br /> |mark-coord24={{coord|23|40|21|N|87|17|16|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24=ECL Jhanjhra Area Office | numbered24=0| mark-title24=[[Jhanjra|ECL Jhanjhra Area Office]] (A)|shape-color24=#AA6666| label-size24=12<br /> |mark-coord25={{coord|23|40|50|N|87|10|50|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25=ECL |labela25= Sonpur Bazari|labelb25 = Area Office | numbered25=0| mark-title25=[[Sonpur Bazari|ECL Sonpur Bazari Area Office]] (A)|shape-color25=#AA6666| label-size25=12<br /> |mark-coord26={{coord|23|34|12|N|87|16|48|E}} | label-pos26=right|label-color26=#800000| label26=Durgapur | numbered26=MC| mark-title26=[[Durgapur]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000<br /> |mark-coord27={{coord|23|39|25|N|87|18|27|E}} | label-pos27=right|label-color27=#C42222| label27= Laudoha | numbered27=R| mark-title27=[[Laudoha]] (R)|shape-color27=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord28={{coord|23|42|25|N|87|16|18|E}} | label-pos28=left| label28= Pandabeswar | numbered28=R| mark-title28=Pandabeswar (R)|shape-color28=black| label-size28=13|label-color28=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;<br /> |mark-coord29={{coord|23|39|0|N|87|17|33|E}} | label-pos29=right|label-color29=#C42222| label29= Tilaboni | numbered29=R| mark-title29=[[Tilaboni]] (R)|shape-color29=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord30={{coord|23|39|0|N|87|15|55|E}} | label-pos30=left|label-color30=#C42222| label30= Shyamsundarpur | numbered30=R| mark-title30=[[Shyamsundarpur, Paschim Bardhaman]] (R)|shape-color30=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord31={{coord|23|42|15|N|87|20|48|E}} | label-pos31=right|label-color31=#C42222| label31= Madhaipur | numbered31=R| mark-title31=[[Madhaipur]] (R)|shape-color31=#C42222<br /> |mark-coord32={{coord|23.75125|87.16556}}| label32=Ajay River| label-color32 = #77A1CB| label-angle32=0| label-pos32=right| label-size32=10| mark-size32=0| mark-title32 =none<br /> |mark-coord33={{coord|23.554889|87.166754}}| label33=Damodar River| label-color33 = #77A1CB| label-angle33=20| label-pos33=top| label-size33=10| mark-size33=0| mark-title33 =none}}<br /> <br /> ===Police station===<br /> Pandabeswar police station has jurisdiction over [[Pandabeswar (community development block)|Pandabeswar]] CD Block. The area covered is 161&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and the population covered is 176,445.&lt;ref name=handbook2014&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://asansoldurgapurpolice.in/# |title = Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate |work = Find your police station | publisher= Asansol Durgapur Police | access-date = 23 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===CD Block HQ===<br /> The headquarters of Pandabeswar CD Block are located at Pandabeswar.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Urbanisation===<br /> As per the 2011 census, 79.22% of the population of Durgapur subdivision was urban and 20.78% was rural. Durgapur subdivision has 1 municipal corporation at [[Durgapur]] and 38 (+1 partly) [[census town]]s (partly presented in the map alongside; all places marked on the map are linked in the full-screen map).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 September 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> Pandabeswar is shown as part of [[Baidyanathpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Baidyanathpur]] in the map of Pandabeswar CD Block [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf] on page 243 of the District Census Handbook, Bardhaman, 2011. Separate demographic statistics are not available.<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> As per the Shodhganga website, collieries in the [[Pandaveswar Area]] of [[Eastern Coalfields]] are: Madaipur, Mandarbani, Nutandanga, Pandaveswar, Dalurbandh, Kendra, Samla, South Samla, Khottadih, Kankartala, Dalurbandh OCP, Palasthali OCP and Gangaramchak OCP.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/66080/13/13_chapter%205.pdf |title = Coalmining impact on the Environment |work = Chapter V: Table 5.2 | publisher= shodganga.infibnet | access-date = 21 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As per ECL website telephone numbers, operational collieries in the Pandaveswar Area in 2018 are: Dalurband Colliery, Khottadih OCP, Khottadih UG, Madhaipur Colliery, Manderbony Colliery, Pandaveswar Colliery and South Samla Colliery.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/contactus/cugtel/pandaveswar.pdf| title = Area wise Closed User Group (CUG) Telephone Numbers | work = Pandaveswar Area | publisher = Eastern Coalfields Limited | access-date = 18 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> [[File:Railway Station in Sainthia Andal line 03.jpg|thumb|Pandabeswar Railway Station]]<br /> There is a Railway station in Pandabeswar on the [[Andal-Sainthia branch line]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/andal-sainthia-memu-63531/18253/5/438 |title = 73531=&gt;63531 Andal-Sainthia MEMU |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 20 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] (old number NH 60) passes through Pandabeswar.&lt;ref name=&quot;renumber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=20 February 2017|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> [[Pandaveswar College]] was established at Pandabeswar in 2005. It is affiliated with [[Kazi Nazrul University]]. It offers honours courses in Hindi, English, history and political science.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/PandaveswarCollege/Pandaveswar_College.shtml | title = Pandaveswar College | publisher = PC | access-date = 9 March 2017 | archive-date = 3 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170303203246/http://www.collegeadmission.in/PandaveswarCollege/Pandaveswar_College.shtml | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/PandaveswarCollege/Pandaveswar_College.shtml | title = Pandaveswar College | publisher = College Admission | access-date = 9 March 2017 | archive-date = 3 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170303203246/http://www.collegeadmission.in/PandaveswarCollege/Pandaveswar_College.shtml | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare==<br /> Pandabeswar Block Primary Health Centre, Pandabeswar CD block, with 10 beds, at Pandabeswar, is the major government medical facility in the Pandaveswar CD block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =12 May 2020 | archive-date =16 August 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200816074737/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | url-status =dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Medical facilities (dispensaries) in the [[Pandaveswar Area]] of ECL are available at Pandaveswar Area PME Centre (PO Pandaveswar), Madhaipur (PO Nutundanga), Mandarboni (PO Nutundanga), South Samla (PO Pandaveswar), Pandaveswar (PO Pandaveswar), Dalurbandh (PO Pandaveswar), Khottadih (PO Khottadih), Area Dispensary (PO Pandaveswar).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.coalindia.in/DesktopModules/DocumentList/documents/Details_of_Medical_Facility_in_CIL_and_its_Subsidiaries_05032018.xlsx | title = Details of medical facilities in CIL and its subsidiaries | work= ECL| publisher = CIL|access-date = 15 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Paschim Bardhaman District}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Paschim Bardhaman district]]</div>

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