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Suryakumar Yadav

2023-10-11T23:00:29Z

Akash30: avg

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Suryakumar Yadav
| image = Surya Kumar Yadav in BGT 2023.jpg
| caption = Suryakumar in BGT 2023
| nickname = SKY, Surya
| country = India
| fullname = Suryakumar Ashok Yadav
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1990|09|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]],[[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| heightcm = 180
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[off break]]
| role = [[Batsman]]
| family = Devisha Shetty (wife)
| club1 = [[Parsi Gymkhana (Marine Drive)|Parsi Gymkhana club]]<ref name=TW>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/sports/2022/10/14/how-suryakumar-yadav-became-the-template-for-indias-new-batting-style.html | title=How Suryakumar Yadav became the template for India's new batting style | website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] }}</ref><ref name=D>[https://www.mid-day.com/amp/sports/cricket/article/sachin-yadav-shines-again-for-parsee-gym-payyade-sc-enter-final-23205807&ved=2ahUKEwjig-e5xJn7AhWEaGwGHQWtBzM4FBAWegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw11KxqG3VQ7gbkCHvo_uVZQ Mid Day] {{dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref>
| year1 = 2009–2011, 2013–present
| club2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| year2 = {{nowrap|2010–present}}
| clubnumber1 =63
| club3 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| year3 = 2012–2013, 2018–present
| clubnumber3 = 63 (formerly 77)
| club4 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| year4 = 2014–2017
| clubnumber4 = 212
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2021–present
| onetest = true
| testdebutdate = 9 February
| testdebutyear = 2023
| testdebutagainst = Australia
| testcap = 304
| lasttestdate = 9 February
| lasttestyear = 2023
| lasttestagainst = Australia

| odidebutdate = 18 July
| odidebutyear = 2021
| odidebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| odicap = 236
| lastodidate = 24 September
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodiagainst = Australia
| odishirt = 63

| T20Idebutdate = 14 March
| T20Idebutyear = 2021
| T20Idebutagainst = England
| T20Icap = 85
| lastT20Iagainst = West Indies
| lastT20Idate = 13 August
| lastT20Iyear = 2023

| T20Ishirt = 63

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches1 = 30
| runs1 = 667
| bat avg1 = 27.79
| 100s/50s1 = 0/4
| top score1 = 72[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = –
| wickets1 = –
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 16/–
| column2 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches2 = 53
| runs2 = 1841
| bat avg2 = 46.02
| 100s/50s2 =3/15
| top score2 = 117
| deliveries2 = –
| wickets2 = –
| bowl avg2 = -
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = –
| catches/stumpings2 = 37/–
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 82
| runs3 = 5,628
| bat avg3 = 43.62
| 100s/50s3 = 14/29
| top score3 = 200
| deliveries3 = 1,154
| wickets3 = 24
| bowl avg3 = 22.91
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/47
| catches/stumpings3 = 106/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 128
| runs4 = 3,287
| bat avg4 = 33.98
| 100s/50s4 = 3/19
| top score4 = 134[[not out|*]]
| deliveries4 = 430
| wickets4 = 6
| bowl avg4 = 63.00
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 2/20
| catches/stumpings4 = 74/–

| date = 25 September 2023
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/446507.html ESPNcricinfo
|medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asia Cup|ACC Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[2023 Asia Cup|2023 Pakistan and Sri Lanka]]|}}
}}

'''Surya Kumar''' '''Yadav''' (born 14 September 1990) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er who represents the [[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] in ODI & T20I Formats. For his exceptional batting performances in [[Twenty20|T20]] cricket, he is widely considered as one of the best in this format in the current times. He is the current [[Captain (cricket)|vice-captain]] of the [[Indian National Cricket Team]] in [[Twenty20 International|T20I]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-28 |title='Still feels like a dream': Suryakumar Yadav on becoming India's new T20I vice-captain |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/still-feels-like-a-dream-suryakumar-yadav-on-becoming-indias-new-t20i-vice-captain/articleshow/96576086.cms |access-date=2023-07-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He has represented India in all three formats of the game. Yadav plays for [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[Indian Premier League]] and serves as the vice-captain for the team and for [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] in Indian domestic cricket.<ref name=":1" />

==Early and personal life==
Yadav was born and raised in [[Mumbai]] and started playing cricket under the coaching of his uncle Vinod Yadav.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-22 |title=टीम इंडिया में जगह बनाने वाले सूर्यकुमार यादव ने बचपन में काशी की गलियों में खेला था क्रिकेट, चाचा थे पहले गुरु {{!}} Cricketer Suryakumar Yadav Inside Story From Varanasi |url=https://www.patrika.com/varanasi-news/cricketer-suryakumar-yadav-inside-story-from-varanasi-6706974/ |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=Patrika News |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=How Suryakumar Yadav became the template for India's new batting style|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/sports/2022/10/14/how-suryakumar-yadav-became-the-template-for-indias-new-batting-style.html|website=theweek.in/|access-date=23 October 2022}}</ref> He learnt the game while playing on the streets of [[Chembur]]. At the age of 10, his father saw his inclination towards the game and enrolled him in a cricket camp in BARC colony in [[Anushakti Nagar]]. He then went to Elf Vengsarkar Academy,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flamboyant Suryakumar Yadav's cricket spectrum |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-flamboyant-suryakumar-yadav-s-cricket-spectrum-2076251 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> run by former international cricketer [[Dilip Vengsarkar]], and played age-group cricket in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportskeeda.com/player/suryakumar-yadav|title=Suryakumar Yadav Biography, Achievements, Career Info, Records & Stats – Sportskeeda|website=m.sportskeeda.com|accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref> He was educated at Pillai College of Arts, Commerce and Science.<ref>{{cite web |title=MA Chidambaram Trophy for the Best Under-22 cricketer |url=https://pcacs.ac.in/suryakumar-yadav-a-star-in-the-making/ |website=Pillai College of Arts Science and Commerce |access-date=5 June 2012}}</ref>

In July 2016 Yadav married Devisha Shetty. The couple first met in 2010 at a college programme. Shetty is a trained dancer and a dance coach.<ref>{{Cite news |title=T20 centurion Suryakumar Yadav's wife Devisha Shetty is a classical dancer: Know all about their love story, in pics |work=ZEE News |editor-last=Tripathi |editor-first=Anuj |url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/sports/t20-centurion-suryakumar-yadavs-wife-devisha-shetty-is-a-classical-dancer-know-all-about-their-love-story-in-pics-2484350 |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
{{Expand section|date=November 2022}}
Suryakumar Yadav played [[club cricket]] for [[Parsi Gymkhana, Marine Drive|Parsi Gymkhana Cricket Club]] in Mumbai. <ref name="auto">{{Cite news |title=Parsee Gymkhana create history by winning third successive title |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/parsee-gymkhana-create-history-by-winning-third-successive-title/articleshow/88520509.cms |newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 December 2021 }}</ref> Apart from Parsi Gymkhana he had also played for the Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited team, as well as clubs such as the Shivaji Park Gymkhana Club and Dadar Union Club in Mumbai's club cricket.<ref name=TW/>

He was one of the senior and regular member of Mumbai Ranji team. He was a captain of Mumbai cricket team for brief period of time in Ranji trophy. Amid [[2014–15 Ranji Trophy]] season, the [[Mumbai Cricket Association]] (MCA) removed him from captaincy and dropped from the team in [[2018-19 Ranji Trophy|2018-19]] season. However, the MCA's selection committee later selected him and appointed him as captain for [[2019–20 Ranji Trophy|2019-20]] of the tournament.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ranji Trophy: Suryakumar Yadav named Mumbai skipper, Vijay Shankar to lead TN |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ranji-trophy-suryakumar-yadav-mumbai-skipper-vijay-shankar-tamil-nadu-6147971/ |website=www.indianexpress.com|date=3 December 2019 }}</ref>

Suryakumar Yadav was captain of Mumbai team in [[2020–21 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suryakumar Yadav to lead Mumbai in Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/suryakumar-yadav-to-lead-mumbai-in-syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy/story-gmBNGwf1ZoRJTsHOnWzLgM.html |website=www.hindustantimes.com|date=26 December 2020 }}</ref><ref name=":4" />

In 2021, while playing for his club, Parsi Gymkhana, he scored 249 runs in final match against [[Payyade Sports Club]] in '[[Police Shield]]' tournament at the ''Police Gymkhana ground,'' Mumbai''.'' Parsee Gymkhana has won this tournament last time way back in 1956, created the history by becoming the first club to win back-to-back trophies in 3 different format in single season. Yadav won the best batsman of the final award.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parsee Gymkhana create history by winning third successive title |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/news/parsee-gymkhana-create-history-by-winning-third-successive-title/amp_articleshow/88520509.cms&ved=2ahUKEwi1lqH1vZn7AhWp3jgGHYyUDTsQFnoECA8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw1lggpd9vdtjUhku-6T31Gi |website=www.timesofindia.com}}</ref>

In October 2018, he was named in India C's squad for the [[2018–19 Deodhar Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1162570.html |title=Rahane, Ashwin and Karthik to play Deodhar Trophy |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=19 October 2018}}</ref> In October 2019, he was again named in the [[India C cricket team|India C]] squad for the [[2019–20 Deodhar Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/deodhar-trophy-2019-squads-india-a-india-b-india-c-parthiv-patel-shubman-gill-anuma-vihari-ranchi/article29788595.ece |title=Deodhar Trophy 2019: Hanuma Vihari, Parthiv, Shubman to lead; Yashasvi earns call-up |work=SportStar |date=24 October 2019 |accessdate=25 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Suryakumar Yadav to lead Mumbai in Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Aditya Tare named vice-captain|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2020/dec/26/suryakumar-yadav-to-lead-mumbai-in-syed-mushtaq-ali-trophyaditya-tarenamed-vice-captain-2241606.html|access-date=2021-05-10|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

After Scoring Consistently In First Class & Domestic Cricket Suryakumar Finally received his First National Call up in February 2021, when he was named In India's T20I squad for 5 match T20I Series against England, which took place in March 2021.
After his debut in the national side, he has been a regular feature in the playing xi especially in t20 team. He is yet to cement his place the odi team as a string of low scores continued from the limited opportunities he has got.

===Indian Premier League===
[[File:Suryakumar Yadav (1).jpg|thumb|right|Yadav in [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] apparel during the [[2017 Indian Premier League]]]]
He received an IPL contract from [[Mumbai Indians]] (MI) for the [[Indian Premier League 2012|2012 season]]. However, he played just one match in the season and was dismissed without scoring.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket scorecard – Mumbai Indians vs Pune Warriors, 3rd Match, Indian Premier League 2012|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scorecard/11183/mi-vs-pwi-3rd-match-indian-premier-league-2012|access-date=2021-01-12|website=Cricbuzz|language=en}}</ref>

In the [[2014 IPL auction]]s, he was bought by [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]. He made headlines in [[2015 Indian Premier League|IPL 2015]] when he hit a match-winning 20 ball 46 runs with five sixes against MI at [[Eden Gardens]]. He became the team's vice-captain and played regularly. in [[2018 IPL auction]]s, he was bought by [[Mumbai Indians]] for a price of {{INRConvert|3.2|c|lk=ON|to=USD|mode=}}.<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web|title=List of sold and unsold players|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players|accessdate=27 January 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

After an impressive stint with the [[Mumbai Indians]], he was retained by them ahead of 2022 season ''[[2022 IPL Auction|mega auction]]'' for [[Indian rupee|INR]] 8 [[Crore|Cr.]] However, he was ruled out from [[IPL 2022]] due to an injury in his left forearm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2022: Suryakumar Yadav, Mumbai Indians Batsman, Ruled Out Of ... |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/ipl-2022-suryakumar-yadav-mumbai-indians-batsman-ruled-out-of-tournament-due-to-injury-news-195777/amp&ved=2ahUKEwjqt5H-uZn7AhU463MBHdOgCg8QFnoECC8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2HGXOog354NUOvDPWi_P4n |website=www.outlookindia.com}}</ref>

Mumbai Indians retained Yadav for INR 8 Crore in [[2023 Indian Premier League|IPL 2023]]. Being ranked as ICC No.1 T20 batsman and awarded the Mens Cricketer of the Year 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suryakumar Yadav bags ICC Men's T20I Cricketer of the Year 2022 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3033066 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref> he ended up being one of the most valuable players in IPL 2023. After Kieron Pollard's retirement, He was made the [[Vice Captain (cricket)|Vice Captain]] of Mumbai Indians in IPL 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023: Suryakumar Yadav captains Mumbai Indians, Rohit Sharma misses out due to stomach issue |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2023/story/ipl-2023-suryakumar-yadav-captains-mumbai-indians-rohit-sharma-arjun-tendulkar-2360756-2023-04-16 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

He scored his maiden IPL century against [[Gujarat Titans]] on 12th May, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-12 |title=Suryakumar Yadav scores maiden IPL century in match against Gujarat Titans |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/suryakumar-yadav-scores-maiden-ipl-century-in-match-against-gujarat-titans-8606278/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==International career==
In February 2021, he was named in India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for their series [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|against England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/150315/india-s-squad-for-paytm-t20i-series-announced |title=India's squad for Paytm T20I series announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref> It was his maiden international call-up to the India cricket team.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ishan Kishan in the Indian Squad for the T20 series against England| url=https://sixsports.in/india-squad-against-england-for-the-upcoming-t20/ |website=sixsports.in |date=22 February 2021}}</ref> He made his T20I debut for India on 14 March 2021, against [[England cricket team|England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1243389.html |title=2nd T20I (N), Ahmedabad, Mar 14 2021, England tour of India |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref> He then played the fourth game of the series on 18 March and got his first opportunity to bat, and hit the first ball he faced in international cricket for a six, becoming the first Indian to do so in T20 International, and went on to score a [[Half-century (cricket)|half-century]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of India vs England 4th T20I 2020/21 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2020-21-1243364/india-vs-england-4th-t20i-1243391/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-03-22|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=With six off first ball in international cricket, Suryakumar Yadav achieves unique feat|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/with-six-off-first-ball-in-international-cricket-suryakumar-yadav-achieves-unique-feat/734521|access-date=2021-03-22|website=timesnownews.com|language=en}}</ref> The next day, he was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad for their series [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|against England]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Prasidh Krishna, Suryakumar Yadav earn call-ups for England ODIs|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/116677/prasidh-krishna-suryakumar-yadav-earn-call-ups-for-england-odis|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Cricbuzz|language=en}}</ref> His game changing performances at No. 3 led him to being described as an "X Factor" player by his captain.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com Sports|date=2021-03-20|title='He Will Continue to Bat at No 3' – Kohli BACKS SKY Ahead of 5th T20I|url=https://www.india.com/sports/ind-vs-eng-5th-t20i-virat-kohli-hails-suryakumar-yadav-at-toss-says-he-will-continue-to-bat-at-no-3-4506012/|access-date=2021-03-21|website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref>

In June 2021, he was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) and [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squads for their series [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2021|against Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sri-lanka-vs-india-2021-shikhar-dhawan-to-captain-india-on-limited-overs-tour-of-sri-lanka-1265911 |title=Shikhar Dhawan to captain India on limited-overs tour of Sri Lanka |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> He made his ODI debut on 18 July 2021, for India against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1262755.html |title=1st ODI (D/N), Colombo (RPS), Jul 18 2021, India tour of Sri Lanka |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref> On 21 July 2021, Yadav scored his maiden ODI fifty against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-20|title=India vs Sri Lanka 2nd ODI Highlights: India ride on Deepak Chahar, Suryakumar Yadav fifties to win series|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-sri-lanka-live-score-ind-vs-sl-2nd-odi-live-cricket-match-today-at-colombo-101626762423917.html|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

In July 2021, Suryakumar Yadav was called up as a replacement to India's Test squad for their series [[Indian cricket team in England in 2021|against England]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prithvi Shaw, Suryakumar Yadav to join India Test squad in England|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-in-england-2021-prithvi-shaw-suryakumar-yadav-to-join-india-test-squad-in-england-1270982|access-date=2021-07-25|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> In September 2021, Yadav was named in India's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-2021-t20-world-cup-squad-r-ashwin-picked-ms-dhoni-mentor-1276821 |title=India's T20 World Cup squad: R Ashwin picked, MS Dhoni mentor |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> In November, he was added to India's [[Test cricket|Test]] squad for their series [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2021–22|against New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/new-zealand-in-india/suryakumar-yadav-added-to-team-india-for-kanpur-test/articleshow/87854800 |title=Shardul Thakur for A tour to SA, Suryakumar Yadav included in Test squad for NZ series |work=The Indian Express |access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref>

In June 2022, he was named in India's squad for their T20I series [[Indian cricket team in Ireland in 2022|against Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ire-vs-india-hardik-pandya-to-captain-india-in-ireland-t20is-rahul-tripathi-gets-maiden-call-up-1320109 |title=Hardik Pandya to captain India in Ireland T20Is; Rahul Tripathi gets maiden call-up |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>

In July 2022, Suryakumar Yadav scored his maiden T20I century against [[England cricket team|England]] at [[Trent Bridge]] in [[Nottingham]], [[England]] scoring 117 off 55 balls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of England vs India 3rd T20I 2022 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-england-2022-1276893/england-vs-india-3rd-t20i-1276906/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-07-10 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He is only the 5th Indian player to record a century in T20I, and only the 2nd to reach the mark batting 4th or lower.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-10 |title=Suryakumar Yadav becomes second Indian to achieve big feat in T20Is after incredible century against England |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/suryakumar-yadav-becomes-second-indian-to-achieve-big-feat-in-t20is-after-incredible-century-against-england-101657471072315.html |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In October 2022, he became the fastest batsman to score 1000 runs in T20I's, reaching the mark in 573 balls against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2022|title=Suryakumar completes 1000 runs in t20i|url=https://english.jagran.com/cricket/suryakumar-yadav-completes-1000-t20i-runs-becomes-fastest-to-do-so-by-balls-faced-10050775 |website=English jagran}}</ref>

On 30 October 2022, Yadav was ranked first in the ICC T20I rankings for batsmen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICC Profile - Stats, Ranking & Info |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/rankings/mens/player-rankings/108 |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2022 |title=Suryakumar Yadav Retains Number One Spot, Conway Climbs To Number 3 |url=https://www.probatsman.com/icc-t20i-rankings-suryakumar-yadav-retains-number-one-spot-conway-climbs-to-number-3 |access-date=23 November 2022 |website=Probatsman}}</ref>

On 27 October 2022, Yadav scored the fourth fastest half-century by an Indian batsman at a [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]], and his first at a T20 World Cup,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: Suryakumar Yadav Brings Up Fifty With Outrageous Six, Celebrates Milestone With Virat Kohli in Style {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/t20-world-cup-2022/watch-suryakumar-yadav-brings-up-fifty-with-outrageous-six-celebrates-milestone-with-virat-kohli-in-style-3466124 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref> reaching the mark in 25 balls against [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]] at [[Sydney Cricket Ground]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atri |first=Pawan |date=2022-10-27 |title=Twitter Goes Bonkers As Suryakumar Yadav Breaks Big Record in Sydney |url=https://clutchpoints.com/twitter-goes-bonkers-as-suryakumar-yadav-breaks-big-record-in-sydney/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=ClutchPoints |language=en-US}}</ref>

In November 2022, Suryakumar Yadav scored his second T20I century against New Zealand at [[Bay Oval]] in [[Mount Maunganui]], New Zealand, scoring 111 [[not out]] off 51 balls with the help of 11 fours and 7 sixes. He became the second Indian to score two centuries in T20Is in a calendar year and emulated [[Rohit Sharma]]'s record.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2022 |title=Suryakumar Yadav Scores 49-Ball Century, Becomes Only 2nd Indian to Achieve This Milestone |url=https://www.probatsman.com/ind-vs-nz-suryakumar-yadav-scores-49-ball-century-becomes-only-2nd-indian-to-achieve-this-milestone |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=ProBatsman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sensational Suryakumar scores yet another T20I century |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2913374 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2023, Suryakumar scored the second fastest century by an Indian batter in [[Twenty20 International|T20 Internationals]], the third of his career, reaching the mark in 45 balls [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2022–23|against Sri Lanka]] at [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]] in Rajkot, India.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2023 |title=Suryakumar Yadav Breaks KL Rahul's Record, Hit 2nd Fastest Century for India |url=https://www.probatsman.com/ind-vs-sl-suryakumar-yadav-breaks-kl-rahuls-record-hit-2nd-fastest-century-for-india |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=Probatsman}}</ref> He broke [[KL Rahul]]'s record of second fastest T20I century, who achieved this in 46 balls against [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stats - Suryakumar hits India's second-fastest T20I ton |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/suryakumar-yadav-scores-a-record-t20i-hundred-for-india-versus-sri-lanka-1352754 |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Suryakumar Yadav also won the ICC T20I Player of the year Award for his brilliant performance in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahato |first=Lavanya Prasad |date=15 January 2023 |title=सूर्यकुमार यादव के बारे में सब कुछ |url=https://luvprasad.in/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ac-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%9b/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=luvprasad.in}}</ref>

On 9 February 2023, he made his Test debut [[Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23|against Australia]] at [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Nagpur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1st Test, Nagpur, February 09 - 13, 2023, Australia tour of India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348652.html |access-date=9 February 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

He is the only Indian batsman to register 3 golden ducks in a 3 match ODI series. He had this record against Australia in March 2023.

In August 2023, Yadav was again selected for the [[Indian Cricket team in West Indies and United States in 2023|against West Indies]] in ODIs and was also selected as the vice captain for [[Indian Cricket Team]] in T20Is.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-28 |title='Still feels like a dream': Suryakumar Yadav on becoming India's new T20I vice-captain |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/still-feels-like-a-dream-suryakumar-yadav-on-becoming-indias-new-t20i-vice-captain/articleshow/96576086.cms |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In the 3rd T20i Match, he scored a top knock of 83 runs in 44 balls and won the must win game in the series.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-08 |title=Suryakumar and Tilak do the chase in a canter to keep the series alive for India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-west-indies-2023-1381201/west-indies-vs-india-3rd-t20i-1381219/match-report |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}123

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cricinfo|id=446507}}

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Tharangini Records

2023-09-02T17:55:30Z

Akash30:

{{Short description|Indian music company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tharangini Records
| logo = Tharangini Logo.png
| logo_size = 100px
| trade_name = Tharangni
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| foundation = 1980<ref name="hindu" />
| founder = [[K. J. Yesudas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tharangni - Facebook About |url=https://www.facebook.com/TharangniMedia/about/ |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[Facebook]] |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117054521/https://www.facebook.com/TharangniMedia/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| location_city = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| genre = Various
| key_people = [[K. J. Yesudas]] (director) Prabha Yesudas (director) [[Vijay Yesudas]] (director) Vinod Yesudas (director) Vishal Yesudas (director)
| industry = Music
| services = [[Record label|Music record label]]
| parent =
| owner =
| module = {{Infobox YouTube personality|embed=yes
| name = Tharangni
| channel_name = tharangni
| channel_display_name = Tharangni
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Music video]]s
* [[Digital audio]]}}
}}
| homepage = {{url|tharangni.com}}
}}

'''Tharangini Records''' (currently '''Tharangni''') is the music company founded by noted Indian Playback singer [[K. J. Yesudas]] in 1980 at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]].<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Saraswathy |last2=M. |first2=Athira |last3=Pradeep |first3=K. |date=2020-01-10 |title=KJ Yesudas: A name that spells melody |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/kj-yesudas-turns-80/article30522919.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204175059/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/kj-yesudas-turns-80/article30522919.ece |archive-date=4 December 2020 |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was the first recording and distributing music label in Kerala from where [[Malayalam film]] songs on audio cassettes came out.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. K. J. Yesudas - world renowned singer |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/kj-yesudas/4 |access-date=2020-09-14 |website=[[Department of Tourism (Kerala)]] |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612184958/https://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/kj-yesudas/4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other than [[Malayalam]], Tharangni also released songs in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[English language|English]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Arabic]], [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Latin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ashwani |date=2018-04-14 |title=He finds music in every instrument |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/dubai/he-finds-music-in-every-instrument |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[Khaleej Times]]}}</ref><ref name="mmtharangni">{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=Shajan C. |date=2020-01-10 |title=ദേവരാജൻ മാസ്റ്റർ വേണ്ടെന്നു പറഞ്ഞു, പക്ഷേ യേശുദാസ് അതു ചെയ്തു! |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/indepth/k-j-yesudas-birthday/2020/01/09/80th-birthday-of-legendary-musician-kj-yesudas.html |access-date=2020-06-12 |language=ml |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083902/https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/indepth/k-j-yesudas-birthday/2020/01/09/80th-birthday-of-legendary-musician-kj-yesudas.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2021 |title=Yesudas 60 Years|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/special-entertainment/yesudas-60-years-k-j-yesudas-for-tharangini-studio-r2irwa |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref> Tharangni release albums under various labels, ''Tharangni'' (film songs), ''Tharangni'' or ''Ayaan'' (album/devotional songs), ''Bharath Sangeeth'' (Classical songs and Hindi albums), ''9th Angel Records'' (Christian devotional songs), ''Diva Records'', ''V Records & Entertainment'', ''Amplify More'', all licensed or [[Incorporation (business)|incorporated]] under Dr. K. J. Yesudass Audio and Visuals Corporation Limited and Yesudass Media Private Limited.

Tharangini cassettes popularise [[light music]] and [[Mappila pattu|mappila song]]s among the audiences. Light music albums like ''Vasantha Geethangal'', ''Raaga Tharangini'', ''Madhura Geethangal'' etc. which also includes festival albums like ''Ulsava Ganangal'' series, ''Ponnona Tharangini'' series and mappila songs' albums like ''Mylanchi Pattukal'' series, ''Jannatul Firdaus'' were huge popular.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=Shajan C. |date=2020-01-10 |title=തരംഗമായിരുന്ന തരംഗിണി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/indepth/k-j-yesudas-birthday/2020/01/09/80th-birthday-of-legendary-musician-k-j-yesudas13.html |access-date=2020-06-14 |language=ml |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614121801/https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/indepth/k-j-yesudas-birthday/2020/01/09/80th-birthday-of-legendary-musician-k-j-yesudas13.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Shyama dharaniyil'' from the 1981 Malayalam movie [[Sanchari]] was the first recorded song in Tharangini studio, which was composed and sung by Yesudas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=Shajan C. |date=2019-11-07 |title=ഒരു പിണക്കം സമ്മാനിച്ച സംഗീത സംവിധായകൻ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/features/2019/11/07/k-j-yesudas-musician.html |access-date=2020-06-14 |language=ml |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230184331/https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/features/2019/11/07/k-j-yesudas-musician.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 1981, Tharangini released its first [[Cassette tape|audio cassette]], ''Classical Music Vol-1''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Nandakumar |date=21 June 2021 |title=Classical Music Vol 1 Cassette Cover |url=https://archive.org/details/classicalmusicvol1 |website=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The first [[filmi]] songs' audio cassette released by Tharangini was from the movie [[Chillu]].<ref name='chillu'>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Nandakumar |date=5 January 2021 |title=Chillu Cassette Cover |url=https://archive.org/details/ChilluCassette |website=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

==History==
The company started its functioning in its first studio at Vellayambalam, [[Thiruvananthapuram]] as Tharangini Studios and Records on 23 November 1980. It also had a studio at [[Ernakulam]]. The studio had state-of-the-art Otari eight-track [[Reel-to-reel audio tape recording|tape machine]] and a two-track mastering system from [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=2019-04-25 |title='When a musician hits a false note, I will not compromise' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/in-conversation-with-composer-jerry-amaldev/article26941045.ece |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083858/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/in-conversation-with-composer-jerry-amaldev/article26941045.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Recordings were done at Thiruvananthapuram studio till 2005.<ref name="mmtharangni" />
In 1992 the office and studio were moved to Abhiramapuram, [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] due to [[Strike action|labor strike]].<ref name="mmtharangni" /> It also started a voice mixing studio, ''Studio27'', at Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Music Without Barriers - K J Yesudas |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/jeyasudas/music-without-barrier.asp |access-date=2020-06-12 |archive-date=8 September 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908081732/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/jeyasudas/music-without-barrier.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company was incorporated at the [[United States]] in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THARANGNI, INC |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_fl/P98000055120 |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[OpenCorporates]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612152716/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_fl/P98000055120 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Profile==
Primarily established as the first recording and distributing music label in Kerala for Malayalam films, it has in its credit number of audio albums mainly associated with [[K. J. Yesudas]]. A. Karunakaran was the chief [[mixing engineer]] of the studio between 1985 and 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soman |first=Sandhya |date=2011-09-09 |title=Book on Yesudas tracks the men who made the star |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Book-on-Yesudas-tracks-the-men-who-made-the-star/articleshow/9916686.cms |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030200112/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Book-on-Yesudas-tracks-the-men-who-made-the-star/articleshow/9916686.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Composer Alleppey Ranganath joined Tharangini as staff music director and [[Lyrics|script]] [[wikt:scrutinise|scrutinising]] officer in 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=2014-09-04 |title=Rewind to a versatile music maker |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/rewind-to-a-versatile-music-maker/article6379956.ece |access-date=2020-06-14 |website=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614121802/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/rewind-to-a-versatile-music-maker/article6379956.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-10 |title='നൂറും കടന്ന് യേശുദാസ് പാടും'; മധുരം ഈ കുട്ടുകെട്ട്; ഒാർത്തെടുത്ത് ആലപ്പി രംഗനാഥ് |url=https://www.manoramanews.com/news/kerala/2020/01/10/alleppy-ranganath-about-kj-yesudas.html |access-date=2020-06-14 |language=ml |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614121803/https://www.manoramanews.com/news/kerala/2020/01/10/alleppy-ranganath-about-kj-yesudas.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Satheesh Sathyan, son of actor [[Sathyan (actor)|Sathyan]], was the manager of Tharangini from 1982 to 1986.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-11 |title=യേശുദാസിന്റെ മനസ്സിൽ എന്നുമൊരു മുറി; സത്യന്റെ മകനു വേണ്ടി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2020/01/11/satheesh-sathyan-and-kj-yesudas.html |access-date=2020-06-14 |language=ml |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809050659/https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2020/01/11/satheesh-sathyan-and-kj-yesudas.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sound design]]er [[Renganaath Ravee]] was also worked as a sound recordist here.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Aswathy |date=2019-08-14 |title=The Renganaath Ravee Interview: 'Background Music Should Not Be Used To Eliminate Silence In Films' |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/the-renganaath-ravee-interview-background-music-should-not-be-used-to-eliminate-silence-in-films/ |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=Silverscreen India |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083858/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/the-renganaath-ravee-interview-background-music-should-not-be-used-to-eliminate-silence-in-films/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[Cassette tape|cassettes]] (the primary medium for music before [[digital revolution]]), produced by Tharangini, containing light songs, used to be sold just as those featuring film songs in the 1980s and 90s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=2016-03-06 |title=His music reverberates across generations |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/his-music-reverberates-across-generations/article8319786.ece |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083913/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/his-music-reverberates-across-generations/article8319786.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Tharangini paved way for the most melodious period for non-film music in Malayalam. Now it continues to produce and present events of K. J. Yesudas both for film and [[Indian classical music]] concerts throughout the world.<ref name="onam" /> Most of Tharangini's cassette covers features the snaps clicked by photographer R. Gopalakrishnan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harikumar |first=J. S. |date=17 April 2019 |title=R Gopalakrishnan's love for collecting film stills |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/veteran-photographer-r-gopalakrishnans-love-for-collecting-film-stills-has-helped-him-gather-close-to-4-lakh-photographs/article26864115.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Releases==

===Festival releases===
During 1980s and 90s, songs like ''Shraavana chandrika'', ''Valamipiri shankhil'', ''Ennum chirikkunna'', ''Maamaankam palakuri''<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2021 |title=അന്ന് അവർ പറഞ്ഞു: രവീന്ദ്രൻ മാഷ് കോപ്പി അടിച്ചു |trans-title=Someone said that music director Raveendran copied |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2021/03/03/someone-said-that-music-director-raveendran-copied.html |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=ml}}</ref> [[etc.]] were brought out by Tharangini Records and became best-sellers. “More than 5 lakh cassettes of 'Ulsava Ganangal Vol. 1' were sold shortly after Tharangini released it in 1983,” recalls [[Sreekumaran Thampi]], who wrote all the songs of the album. ''Ennum chirikkunna'', from the album composed by [[Raveendran]], remains one of the greatest light songs of all time in Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=11 July 2016 |title=A melodious half-century of a veteran |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/A-melodious-half-century-of-a-veteran/article14483320.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Composer [[Sreevalsan J. Menon]] used to sing it as a student. “It is an astonishing composition; it certainly is not easy to tune such a song in raga [[Mohanam]]”, he says.<ref name="onam" /> ''Uthradapoonilave vaa'', another track from the album, gained huge popularity among [[Malayali|Keralites]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemachandran |first=Sruthi |date=2020-08-31 |title=Onam 2020: Top 5 Must Listen Songs If You Are Badly Missing The Grand Celebrations This Year! |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2020/onam-2020-top-5-must-listen-songs-if-you-are-badly-missing-the-grand-celebrations-this-year/articlecontent-pf314261-303292.html |access-date=2020-09-14 |website=[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]]}}</ref>
Soon Tharangini brought out two other winners, 'Ganolsavam' and 'Vasantha Geethangal'. 'Ganolsavam' contained ''Shraavana chandrika'', penned by [[O. N. V. Kurup]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=14 February 2016 |title=His songs are for ever |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/his-songs-are-for-ever/article8235747.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> composed by [[Jerry Amaldev]] and rendered by Yesudas, "is one of the finest songs in Malayalam on night and its irresistible beauty".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=2014-04-15 |title=Seasons could not wither his snow-fresh songs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/seasons-could-not-wither-his-snowfresh-songs/article5914258.ece |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083900/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/seasons-could-not-wither-his-snowfresh-songs/article5914258.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The highlight of 'Vasantha Geethangal', written by [[Bichu Thirumala]] and composed by Raveendran, was ''Valampiri shankhil'' and "it had Yesudas at his best. It is the golden standard of singing", says Sreevalsan.<ref name="onam">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=2016-09-16 |title=Onam was about melody too |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/Onam-was-about-melody-too/article14637479.ece |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083902/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/Onam-was-about-melody-too/article14637479.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tharangini was the first studio or label to release a set of songs every year for [[Onam]]. “The first album that came under the label ‘Onappattukal Vol. 1’ was released in 1981. It had songs, written by O. N. V. Kurup and composed by Alleppey Ranganath, all sung by Yesudas himself. It was an Onam gift from the maestro,” says music critic T. P. Sasthamangalam. "One of the evergreen albums from Tharangini was 'Ulsava Ganangal Vol. 1', which had Sreekumaran Thampi writing the lines for Raveendran’s music and sung by Yesudas. ''Uthradapoonilave vaa'', ''Ennum chirikkunna sooryante'', ''Paayippaattaattil vallamkali'' and ''Oru nullu kaakkapoo'' were immortal songs in this collection. Every year, this album of Onam songs, written and composed by great lyricists and music directors, was much awaited by music lovers. In 1986, 'Aavanippookkal’ was a record-breaking album that had lyricist [[Yusufali Kechery]] teaming up with composer [[M. S. Viswanathan]]", adds the critic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=28 August 2020 |title=How Kerala is on song during Onam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/malayalam-songs-that-evoke-onam-in-every-keralite/article32466246.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915194320/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/malayalam-songs-that-evoke-onam-in-every-keralite/article32466246.ece |archive-date=15 September 2020 |access-date=22 February 2021 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Yesudas occasionally sings the song ''Thulasi krishnathulasi'' from 'Aavanippookkal' towards the end of his classical concerts. The eleven songs written by Yusufali Kechery and composed by [[Vidyadharan]] for the album 'Raaga Tharangini' turned superhits, among which the songs ''Amavaasi naalil'' and ''Ninmeni nenmeni vaakapoovo'' become classics.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=26 March 2015 |title=Connoisseur of words |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/connoisseur-of-words/article7031785.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

===Devotional releases===

Tharangini released devotional songs on various religious occasions each year. 'Ganga Theertham', 'Thulasi Theertham' and 'Mayilpeeli' were such albums which became biggest hits in devotional cassette sales.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=2012-08-23 |title=Devoted to devotionals |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/devoted-to-devotionals/article3811627.ece |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083858/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/devoted-to-devotionals/article3811627.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=Shajan C. |date=2020-01-10 |title=ജയന്റെ വിഷാദം സംഗീതം കൊണ്ട് മാറ്റിയ യേശുദാസ് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/indepth/k-j-yesudas-birthday/2020/01/09/80th-birthday-of-legendary-musician-k-j-yesudas7.html |access-date=2020-06-12 |language=ml |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083900/https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/indepth/k-j-yesudas-birthday/2020/01/09/80th-birthday-of-legendary-musician-k-j-yesudas7.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Mappila songs]], including folk and devotional, were confined to certain Muslim pockets in the [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] region, but with the arrival of V. M. Kutty and his female singing partner [[Vilayil Fazeela|Valsala]], these songs gained popularity, especially after Yesudas sung one of his numbers ''Samkritha Pamagari'' for the album 'Mylanchi Pattukal Vol. 1'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=V. M. |first=Sathish |date=2013-08-14 |title=78-year-old Kerala singer enthralls UAE audience |url=https://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/78-year-old-kerala-singer-enthralls-uae-audience-2013-08-14-1.517715 |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[Emirates 24/7]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083903/https://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/78-year-old-kerala-singer-enthralls-uae-audience-2013-08-14-1.517715 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=Shajan C. |date=2020-01-10 |title=അവനെ ഞാൻ ഇന്നലെ മെരുക്കി, എന്നിട്ടാണ് ഉറങ്ങിയത്: അന്ന് യേശുദാസ് പറഞ്ഞത് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/indepth/k-j-yesudas-birthday/2020/01/09/80th-birthday-of-legendary-musician-k-j-yesudas8.html |access-date=2020-06-12 |language=ml |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083908/https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/indepth/k-j-yesudas-birthday/2020/01/09/80th-birthday-of-legendary-musician-k-j-yesudas8.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Rakshaka ente paapabhaaramellaam'', written by [[P. K. Gopi]] and composed by Tomin J. Thachankary, from the Christian devotional album 'Vachanam' gained huge popularity after it was released by Tharangini (later released under Thachankary's own label Riyan Creations).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=24 December 2016 |title=Songs that made Christmas sweeter |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/Songs-that-made-Christmas-sweeter/article16938628.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==List of Tharangini Music artists==
* [[K. J. Yesudas]]
* [[S. Janaki]]
* [[K. S. Chithra]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Damodaran |first=Akhila |date=2016-03-24 |title=K S Chithra to Belt Out Her Old Hits This Sunday |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2016/mar/24/K-S-Chithra-to-Belt-Out-Her-Old-Hits-This-Sunday-915655.html |access-date=2020-06-12 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612083902/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2016/mar/24/K-S-Chithra-to-Belt-Out-Her-Old-Hits-This-Sunday-915655.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Sujatha Mohan]]
* [[Vilayil Fazeela]]
* S. Janakidevi
* [[Vijay Yesudas]]

==Selected film albums==
* [[Chillu]]<ref name="chillu" />
* [[Ente Mamattukkuttiyammakku]]<ref name="mamatti">{{Cite web |last=Audio CD |first=Malayalam |date=16 October 2020 |title=Kannettan, Mamatti, Manivathoor Audio CD cover |url=https://www.facebook.com/sangeethaganaga/photos/162085118896127 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>
* [[Nakhakshathangal]]<ref name='chithra'>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=28 July 2013 |title=Kerala nightingale Chithra turns 50 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kerala-nightingale-chithra-turns-50/article4961238.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* [[Panchagni]]<ref name='chithra' />
* [[Thalavattam]]
* [[Daisy (1988 film)|Daisy]]<ref name="daisy">{{Cite web |title=Daisy Isabella soundtrack |url=https://yesudas.bandcamp.com/album/daisy-isabella-2 |website=Tharangni - [[Bandcamp]]}}</ref>
* [[Isabella (1988 film)|Isabella]]<ref name="daisy" />
* [[Ennennum Kannettante]]<ref name="mamatti" />
* [[Namukku Parkkan Munthirithoppukal]]<ref name="npm">{{Cite web |last=Audio CD |first=Malayalam |date=1 July 2020 |title=NPM, PSA Audio CD cover |url=https://www.facebook.com/sangeethaganaga/photos/111716373933002 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>
* [[Manivathoorile Aayiram Sivarathrikal]]<ref name="mamatti" />
* [[Neeyethra Dhanya]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=20 March 2017 |title=Three decades of a timeless melody |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/three-decades-of-a-timeless-melody/article17546788.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* [[Nadodikkattu]]<ref name="uok">{{Cite web |title=UOK, TT, NK Audio CD |url=https://avdigital.in/collections/audio-cd/products/unnikale-oru-kadhaparayam-thoovana-thumbikal-naadodikkattu-malayalam-film-songs |website=AVDigital.in}}</ref>
* [[Thoovanathumbikal]]<ref name="uok" />
* [[Unnikale Oru Kadha Parayam]]<ref name="uok" />
* [[Dhwani]]<ref name="dhwani">{{Cite web |last=Audio CD |first=Malayalam |date=15 October 2020 |title=Dhwani, Gandharvan Audio CD cover |url=https://www.facebook.com/sangeethaganaga/photos/161771378927501 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>
* [[Njan Gandharvan]]<ref name="dhwani" />
* [[His Highness Abdullah]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=His Highness Abdullah soundtrack |url=https://yesudas.bandcamp.com/album/his-highness-abdullah |website=Tharangni - [[Bandcamp]]}}</ref>
* [[Bharatham]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharatham soundtrack |url=https://yesudas.bandcamp.com/album/bharatham |website=Tharangni - [[Bandcamp]]}}</ref>
* [[Pappayude Swantham Appoos]]<ref name="npm" />
* [[Yoddha (1992 film)|Yoddha]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yoddha |url=https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/f4deec4f-bf32-4d21-8d1e-124d7b72ce1c |website=[[MusicBrainz]]}}</ref>
* [[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]
* [[Ghazal (1993 film)|Ghazal]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Audio CD |first=Malayalam |date=3 November 2020 |title=Ghazal Audio CD back cover |url=https://www.facebook.com/sangeethaganaga/photos/168230084948297 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>

==Selected discography==
* Ayyappa Bhakthi Gaanangal (Vol 1 – 37)
* Grameena Ganangal (Vol 1, 2)
* Ulsava Ganangal (Vol 1 - 3)
* Vishada Ganangal (Vol 1, 2)
* Mylanchi Pattukal (Vol 1 - 5)
* Sweet Melodies (Vol 1 - 5)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=27 February 2014 |title=Standing the test of time |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/standing-the-test-of-time/article5732192.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* Ganga Theertham (Vol 1, 2)
* Thulasi Maala (Vol 1, 2)
* Ponnona Tharangini (Vol 1 - 4)
* Rasikapriya (Vol 1, 2)
* Thalir Malyam (1979)
* Onappattukal (1981)
* Mappila Pattukal (1982)
* Children's Songs (Vol 1, 2)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=9 April 2020 |title=Beating lockdown blues creatively |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/beating-lockdown-blues-creatively/article31300617.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* Vasantha Geethangal (1984)
* Ganolsavam (1984)
* Bhava Geethangal (1984)
* Prabhatha Geethangal (1984)
* Gaanamalika (1984)
* Parishudha Ganangal (1984)
* Ayyappa Suprabhatham (1984)
* Snehamalyam (1985)
* Amrutha Geethangal (1986)
* Aavani Pookkal (1986)
* Thulasi Theertham (1986)
* Ragatharangini (1987)
* Asarmulla (1987)
* Khalbinte Geethangal (1987)
* Vellipparavakal (1987)
* Aavani Thennal (1988)
* Aavani Pookkuda (1988)
* Snehadeepika (1989)
* Aavani Poochendu (1989)
* Sri Mookambikai Songs (1989)
* Aavani Thaalam (1991)
* Pavizhamalli (1992)
* Aardra Geethangal (1993)
* Hrudayanjali (1993)
* Mayilpeeli (1988)
* Om Gananaadham (1997)
* Anuraga Manjari (1994)
* Snehageethangal (1995)
* Pranavam (1997)
* Om Mahaganapathe (1995)
* Pradakshinam (1996)
* Vinayakam (1996)
* Shravana Sangeetham (1996)
* Aavani Ponpulari (1997)
* Lailathul Khadar (1997)
* Thiruvona Kaineettam (1998)
* Harimurali (1998)
* Astotharam (1998)
* Poothiruvonam (1999)
* Kasthoori Thilakam (2000)
* Namaarchana (2000)
* Ennum Ee Ponnonam (2001)
* Kodi Archana (2001)
* Pushpolsavam (2001)
* Sree Chakkulathamma (2000)
* Swami Suprabhatham (2001)
* Ormikkan Omanikkan (2002)
* Rudra Theertham (2002)
* Souparnika Theertham (2002)
* Kudamullappoo (2003)
* Agrepashyami (2003)
* Vande Mukundam (2003) - Collaborated with [[Satyam Audios]]
* Rithu Geethangal (2004) - Collaborated with [[Satyam Audios]]
* Geetha Pranamam (2004)
* Nadhi (2004)
* Navaganapathy (2004)
* Swargappoovu (2004)
* Kusruthi Kannan (2006)
* Neelambari (2007)
* Maaleyam (2007)
* Thirumudippeeli (2012)
* Ambalapuzhakannanu Paalpayasam (2013)
* Ammathamburatti (2013)

==See also==
*[[K. J. Yesudas]]
*[[K. J. Yesudas discography]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Facebook|TharangniMedia|Tharangni}}
* {{Twitter|tharangni|Tharangni}}
*{{YouTube|u=tharangni|Tharangni}}
*[http://www.tharangni.com Official website]
*[https://tharangni.bandcamp.com/music Tharangni - Bandcamp]

{{Music industry}}

[[Category:K. J. Yesudas]]
[[Category:Indian record labels]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1980]]
[[Category:Record label distributors]]
[[Category:Indian music record labels]]

Amarjeet Sohi

2023-08-21T21:20:50Z

Akash30: New article, to be expanded later.

{{Short description|Canadian politician, Mayor of Edmonton since 2021}}
{{Use Canadian English}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Worship (style)|His Worship]] [[The Honourable]]
| name = Amarjeet Sohi
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|size=100%}}
| image = Mayor Amarjeet Sohi (51632696240) (3x4 crop).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Sohi in 2021
| order = 36th
| office = Mayor of Edmonton
| term_start = October 26, 2021
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Don Iveson]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |[[29th Canadian Ministry]]
|titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office1 = [[Minister of Natural Resources]]
| primeminister1 = [[Justin Trudeau]]
| term_start1 = July 18, 2018
| term_end1 = November 20, 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Jim Carr]]
| successor1 = [[Seamus O'Regan]]
| office2 = [[Minister of Infrastructure and Communities]]
| primeminister2 = [[Justin Trudeau]]
| term_start2 = November 4, 2015
| term_end2 = July 18, 2018
| predecessor2 = [[Denis Lebel]] {{small|(Infrastructure, Communities and Intergovernmental Affairs)}}
| successor2 = [[François-Philippe Champagne]]{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |Parliamentary constituencies
|titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| parliament3 = Canadian
| riding3 = [[Edmonton Mill Woods]]
| term_start3 = October 19, 2015
| term_end3 = October 21, 2019
| predecessor3 = ''Riding established''
| successor3 = [[Tim Uppal]]
| office4 = Member of the [[Edmonton City Council]] for Ward 12 {{small|(Ward 6; 2007–2010)}}
| alongside4 = [[Dave Thiele]]
| term_start4 = October 23, 2007
| term_end4 = November 2, 2015
| predecessor4 = [[Terry Cavanagh (politician)|Terry Cavanagh]]
| successor4 = Mohinder Banga{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|3|8}}
| birth_place = Banbhaura, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| residence = [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], Canada
| party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| spouse =
| website = {{url|mayorsohi.ca}}
}}

'''Amarjeet Sohi''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC}} (born March 8th, 1964) is a Canadian politician serving as the 36th and current [[List of mayors of Edmonton|mayor of Edmonton]] since October 26th, 2021. Sohi previously sat as a [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|member of Parliament]] (MP) and served in the federal [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] from 2015 to 2018 as the [[Minister of Infrastructure and Communities|minister of infrastructure and communities]], and from 2018 to 2019 as the [[Minister of Natural Resources|minister of natural resources]]. Sohi was [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|born in India]] and is the first [[visible minority]] to serve as mayor of Edmonton and is one of Canada's first mayors of [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] descent.

[[Immigration to Canada|Immigrating to Canada]] in 1981, Sohi initially worked as a [[Taxi|taxi driver]] in Edmonton. He returned to India in 1988, where he was detained and accused of [[Terrorism in India|terrorism]]. While in prison, he was subject to harsh treatment and [[solitary confinement]]. After spending 21 months in prison, Sohi was released due to a lack of evidence. Returning to Edmonton, he worked as a [[Edmonton Transit Service|bus driver]] before entering politics.

Sohi was elected to the [[Edmonton City Council]] in the [[2007 Edmonton municipal election|2007 municipal election]] representing Ward 12, gaining his seat after finishing 4th place [[2004 Edmonton municipal election|in the previous election]]. Following the [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015 federal election]], he represented [[Edmonton Mill Woods]] in the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] until his defeat in the [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019 election]]. During that time, he served as minister of natural resources from 2018 to 2019 and minister of infrastructure and communities from 2015 to 2018.

After his federal defeat, Sohi announced his candidacy for mayor of Edmonton in the [[2021 Edmonton municipal election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leavitt |first=Kieran |date=2021-05-17 |title=He's the most well-known Liberal in Alberta. Will that help Amarjeet Sohi become Edmonton's next mayor? |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2021/05/17/former-liberal-minister-announces-run-for-mayor-of-edmonton.html |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=thestar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former councillor, MP Amarjeet Sohi announces Edmonton mayoral campaign |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7856077/amarjeet-sohi-edmonton-mayor-campaign/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref> He was elected as Edmonton's 36th mayor on October 18, 2021, becoming the first visible minority to serve as mayor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=Amarjeet Sohi elected Edmonton's 36th mayor, 4 incumbent councillors defeated |url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/amarjeet-sohi-elected-edmonton-s-36th-mayor-4-incumbent-councillors-defeated-1.5627173 |access-date=2021-10-23 |website=Edmonton |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Edmonton election 2021: Amarjeet Sohi elected mayor - Edmonton {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8266564/edmonton-election-2021-mayor-amarjeet-sohi/ |access-date=2021-10-19 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Jyoti Gondek]] was elected mayor of [[Calgary]] on the same day, with both Sohi and Gondek jointly sharing status as Canada's first Punjabi mayors of major cities.

==Early life and personal background==
Sohi was born in 1964 in the farming community of Banbhaura,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohatarem |first=Kashmala Fida |date=November 13, 2021 |title=Amarjeet Sohi's political journey fuelled by experiences as immigrant in Edmonton |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/amarjeet-sohi-mayor-edmonton-1.6242332 |access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref> [[Sangrur district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], to a [[Sikh]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Sohi thrusts Banbhaura village into limelight again |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/story-158739 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mouallem |first=Omar |date=2017-01-04 |title=Amarjeet Sohi - From Political Prisoner to Parliamentarian |url=https://albertaviews.ca/amarjeet-sohi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320074616/http://albertaviews.ca:80/amarjeet-sohi/ |archive-date=2017-03-20 |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Alberta Views |language=en-US}}</ref> Sponsored by an elder brother, he emigrated to Edmonton in 1981.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 20, 2007 |title=Survey Says: Amarjeet Sohi |work=Edmonton Journal |url=http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/civicvote/story.html?id=bb7cc23f-2716-4d08-9a1b-db1ca5751a3c&k=1272 |url-status=dead |access-date=2010-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109011957/http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/civicvote/story.html?id=bb7cc23f-2716-4d08-9a1b-db1ca5751a3c&k=1272 |archive-date=2012-11-09}}</ref> Initially speaking almost no English, Sohi took [[English as a second or foreign language|ESL]] classes and enrolled at Bonnie Doon Composite High School in Edmonton. While working as a taxi driver in Edmonton, he joined a local [[Punjabi language]] literary society and became an [[Amateur theatre|actor and playwright]] in a Punjabi theatre group.<ref name=":0" />

By the early 1980s, the [[Khalistan movement]], led by Sikhs demanding a homeland for themselves within India, had become very active, attracting support from many of the [[Punjabi Canadians|Indian Sikh diaspora in Canada]]. The movement soon developed into the [[Punjab insurgency]], which polarised the Sikh community in Canada between Khalistani separatists and those supporting continued union with India. The agitation of the Sikhs in general further increased following the Indian Army's [[Operation Blue Star|1984 assault on the Harmandar Sahib complex and Akaal Takht]], and the [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassination of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi]] by her Sikh bodyguards later that year. This was followed by the [[Air India Flight 182|bombing of Air India Flight 182]] in 1985, which was linked to Canadian Khalistani militants.<ref name="background" />

While Sohi and his family opposed the human rights abuses committed by the Indian government, they remained moderate and anti-fundamentalist like most Sikhs. Describing himself as a "secular individual", Sohi did not wear a turban and grow his hair.<ref name=":0" /> The theatre group Sohi was involved in opposed both fundamentalism and the repressive actions of the Indian government.<ref name="background" /> Sohi married his wife Sarbjeet in 1993.<ref name=":0" /> Together they have one daughter, Seerat, a freelance basketball columnist.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=886428766808850432 |user=AmarjeetSohiYEG |title=My daughter Seerat Sohi's take on first India-born NBA playing Satnam Singh. https://twitter.com/damiantrillard/status/886022409676931072 |author=Amarjeet Sohi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seerat Sohi |url=https://release.sports.yahoo.com/author/seerat-sohi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517204153/https://release.sports.yahoo.com/author/seerat-sohi/ |archive-date=2021-05-17 |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=[[Yahoo! Sports]]}}</ref>

==Detention in India==
In April 1988, Sohi returned to India to study with Punjabi playwright and reformer [[Gursharan Singh (theatre director)|Gursharan Singh]] and to visit family in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McClure |first=Matthew |date=1988-12-19 |title=Edmonton man in Indian jail under anti-terrorist law |pages=1 |work=Edmonton Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67824912/edmonton-journal/ |access-date=2021-05-19 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> He soon joined an activist group advocating land reform in [[Bihar]], one of India's poorest states. That November, Sohi went to a village in Bihar to organize a local protest, but was arrested on November 15,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Sadava |first=Mike |date=1989-02-15 |title=Family of jailed Sikh urges Ottawa to do more |pages=47 |work=Edmonton Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67999479/edmonton-journal/ |access-date=2021-05-19 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> the night before when police raided the village. Sohi believed he was arrested due to his Sikh and Canadian background, which was linked with terrorism.<ref name="background" />

Immediately after his arrest, Sohi was taken to a local police station, where he was interrogated and tortured for the next week with repeated beatings, sleep deprivation and threats against his family.<ref name="background" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Retson |first=Don |date=1988-12-20 |title=Gov't unable to learn more about local man in Indian jail |pages=11 |work=Edmonton Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77949770/govt-unable-to-learn-more-about-local/ |access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref> When he told his story to a district magistrate who had arrived to question him, she believed him and stopped the interrogations, permitting him to present his case in court though he was denied legal counsel.<ref name="background" /> As Sohi had kept his Indian citizenship, he was denied access to Canadian diplomatic officers and held under India's [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act]] (TADA). An anti-terrorism law passed as a result of the Punjab insurgency, it allowed suspects to be [[Indefinite detention|detained for up to two years without being charged]].<ref name=":2" /> State authorities falsely accused Sohi of being a trained Khalistan fundamentalist who had arrived in Bihar to train [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|Naxalite]] insurgents, claiming that his arrest established the presence of an international terrorist network and that he had been arrested in possession of a gun and ammunition supplied by Pakistan; the state [[director general of police]] issued a statement to ''[[The Hindu]]'' to that effect.<ref name="background" />{{Better source needed|date=May 2021}}

After his court appearance, Sohi was transferred to Gaya Central Prison in the city of [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], where he was kept in solitary confinement for the next 18 months. He was placed in a cell with a small window and no bed, and slept on a single blanket on the floor. "The food was horrible. A couple of chapatis in the morning. Some lentil stew in the evening with a couple of rotis. No vegetables or any meat."<ref name="background" /> After four months, his father and brother were allowed to visit.<ref name="background" /> Sohi managed to maintain his reason by making friends with the prison guards, and got a message out to the local newspapers through one of them, announcing he was going on a [[hunger strike]] for better food and library privileges. After a week on strike, Sohi's family were permitted to send him money, which he used to buy food from outside the prison. He was also allowed to use the prison library, which he credited for "[keeping him] alive" in prison.<ref name="background" />

Indian and Canadian journalists and activists, including members of [[Amnesty International]], soon picked up Sohi's story. Through [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] MP and [[human rights defender]] [[David Kilgour]], Sohi's brother and sister-in-law pressured the Canadian government to exercise influence. The [[Global Affairs Canada|Canadian External Affairs ministry]] responded by stating they could not assist Sohi as he was only a [[Permanent residency in Canada|landed immigrant]] in Canada and thus regarded by Indian authorities as an Indian national.<ref name=":1" /> Following an investigation, the [[Canadian Security Intelligence Service]] informed the Indian government that Sohi posed no threat. Sohi believed that the [[Bihar Police]] wanted to save themselves embarrassment, and thus persisted in claiming Sohi to be a terrorist, charging him with links to Pakistani terrorists, Naxalite insurgents, and the [[Tamil Tigers]]. Finally, the [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990 legislative elections in Bihar]] brought a change of government, and a new state prosecutor reviewed Sohi's case, ordering it to be dismissed as there was "a lack of evidence against Mr. Sohi and also his prosecution is against [the] public policy of the state." After 21 months in prison, 18 of them in solitary, Sohi was released to his parents' home in Punjab on July 9, 1990. After thanking those in Bihar who had helped him, Sohi returned to Edmonton.<ref name="background">{{Cite news |last=Paula Simons |date=February 14, 2015 |title=City councillor Amarjeet Sohi recalls his imprisonment in India in the 1980s |work=Edmonton Journal |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/city-councillor-amarjeet-sohi-recalls-his-imprisonment-in-india-in-the-1980s}}</ref>

==Return to Edmonton and entry into municipal politics ==
After returning to Edmonton, Sohi returned to being a taxi driver, before moving on to become a bus driver for the [[Edmonton Transit Service]].<ref name=":0" /> He became a spokesperson for the Local 569 of the [[Amalgamated Transit Union]]; in 2000 he advocated for drivers of disability buses to receive fair benefits.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilmour |first=Bob |date=2000-03-03 |title=DATS drivers oppose city's contracts with cabs |pages=22 |work=Edmonton Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77948992/dats-drivers-oppose-citys-contracts/ |access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Don |date=2000-03-05 |title=DATS riders rally to support drivers |pages=17 |work=Edmonton Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77948896/dats-riders-rally-to-support-drivers/ |access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref> Sohi also became active in politics, campaigning for the [[New Democratic Party|NDP]] and for then Liberal MP David Kilgour.<ref name=":0" />

In Amarjeet Sohi's first municipal campaign in the [[2004 Edmonton municipal election]], he finished fourth behind incumbents Dave Thiele and Terry Cavanagh, along with Chinwe Okelu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results 1945 to 2013 |url=https://www.edmonton.ca/public-files/assets/document?path=Chapter_13_-_Results_1945_to_2013.pdf |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=City of Edmonton}}</ref> Sohi's second campaign in the [[2007 Edmonton municipal election|2007 elections]] was successful, winning a Council seat in Ward 6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007 Municipal Election Results |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/municipal_elections/2007-municipal-election-results.aspx |website=edmonton.ca}}</ref> On the City Council, Sohi has served as a member of the [[Edmonton Police Commission]], as vice president of the [[Alberta Urban Municipalities Association]], and as Council sponsor for Safedmonton, a citywide committee working on community solutions for crime prevention.<ref name="edmonton.ca">{{Cite web |title=Ward 12 - Amarjeet Sohi |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/city_organization/ward-12-councillor.aspx |website=edmonton.ca}}</ref> Sohi carried this work forward as advisor to the REACH Edmonton Council for Safe Communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reach Edmonton |url=http://www.reachedmonton.ca/public |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802132935/http://reachedmonton.ca/public |archive-date=2015-08-02 |access-date=2015-07-29 |website=reachedmonton.ca}}</ref>

Sohi also held the Council portfolio for [[Multiculturalism in Canada|Multiculturalism]], and has championed the Racism Free Edmonton initiative. He has also sponsored or co-sponsored Council initiatives on Seniors and on Poverty Elimination, and co-launched an initiative to end [[gender-based violence]].<ref name="edmonton.ca" />

After completing two terms as a councillor, it was widely acknowledged that Sohi was contemplating a mayoral run in the [[2013 Edmonton municipal election|2013 municipal election]]. Sohi ultimately announced that he would not enter the race and would instead seek re-election for his Ward 12 seat.<ref name="Mertz">{{Cite news |last=Mertz |first=Emily |date=28 May 2013 |title=UPDATE: Councillor Sohi will not run for Edmonton mayor |work=Global News |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/593710/councillor-sohi-to-announce-edmonton-election-plans/ |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref>

===Awards===
During his time on Council, Sohi has received several awards in recognition of his community leadership. He has received the Edmonton Interfaith Advocate Award and the [[John Humphrey Centre for Peace and Human Rights|John Humphrey Centre]]'s Human Rights Advocate Award for promoting welcoming and inclusive communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Awards |url=http://www.jhcentre.org/our-projects/human-rights-awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716190238/http://www.jhcentre.org/our-projects/human-rights-awards |archive-date=2015-07-16 |access-date=2015-07-16 |website=jhcentre.org}}</ref> In 2015, Sohi received the Man of Honour, Exemplary Leadership Award from the [[Centre to End All Sexual Exploitation]] in recognition of his work to end gender discrimination and violence<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cease Men of Honour |url=http://lkibblewhite.wix.com/ceasemenofhonor}}</ref> and the Edmonton Mennonite Centre for Newcomers Recognizing Immigrant Success in Edmonton (RISE) Lifetime Achievement award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RISE Awards Brings Out Immigrant Successes |url=http://www.diversitymag.ca/rise-awards-brings-out-immigrant-successes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716202310/http://www.diversitymag.ca/rise-awards-brings-out-immigrant-successes/ |archive-date=2015-07-16 |website=diversitymag.ca}}</ref>

==Federal politics==
{{see also|2015 Canadian federal election}}
In January 2015, Sohi was approached by the federal [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] to run as a Member of Parliament in the newly created [[Electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Edmonton Mill Woods]]. He felt the need to bring up his imprisonment before it could be used against him politically, and thus contacted the [[Edmonton Journal]] reporter [[Paula Simons]], who agreed to help report the story.<ref name=":0" /> He was acclaimed as a candidate the next month, and officially launched his campaign in June 2015 at a large rally with Liberal leader [[Justin Trudeau]] in Mill Woods.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Amarjeet Sohi to be acclaimed Liberal candidate for Millwoods |work=cbc.ca |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/amarjeet-sohi-to-be-acclaimed-liberal-candidate-for-millwoods-1.2955491}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryan Tumilty |date=June 4, 2015 |title=Liberal leader Justin Trudeau gives boost to Amarjeet Sohi campaign launch |work=Metro |url=http://metronews.ca/news/edmonton/1388258/liberal-leader-justin-trudeau-gives-boost-to-amarjeet-sohi-campaign-launch/ |url-status=dead |access-date=July 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716161426/http://metronews.ca/news/edmonton/1388258/liberal-leader-justin-trudeau-gives-boost-to-amarjeet-sohi-campaign-launch/ |archive-date=July 16, 2015}}</ref> Sohi's campaign emphasized the importance of federal leadership to address big-city and infrastructure challenges.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Matt Dykstra |date=July 10, 2015 |title=Alberta Federation of Labour President running for federal NDP nomination |work=Edmonton Sun |url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/2015/07/10/alberta-federation-of-labour-president-running-for-federal-ndp-nomination}}</ref> Sohi was also sharply critical of the Harper government's approach to citizenship, multiculturalism, and immigration policy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dave Lazzarino |date=June 11, 2015 |title=Edmonton city councillor calls banning niqabs is a 'slippery slope' |work=Edmonton Sun |url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/2015/06/11/edmonton-city-councillor-calls-banning-head-scarves-is-a-slippery-slope}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM should respond to 'whities' comment: Candidate |url=http://www.theobserver.ca/2015/03/09/harper-should-respond-to-tory-mps-whities-comment-liberal-candidate |website=Sarnia Observer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2015 |title=Tim Uppal has 'no answers' for parents separated from daughter |work=cbc.ca |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/tim-uppal-has-no-answers-for-parents-separated-from-daughter-1.3147760}}</ref>

The nomination contest in Edmonton Mill Woods was the subject of a minor controversy prior to Sohi's acclamation. Varinder Bhullar was disqualified following alleged violations of Liberal Party membership rules.<ref name="theglobeandmail.com">{{Cite news |last=JUSTIN GIOVANNETTI |date=January 29, 2015 |title=Bhullar blames 'dirty tricks' for Liberal ballot bust |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/alberta/bhullar-blames-dirty-tricks-for-liberal-ballot-bust/article22713961/}}</ref><ref name="huffingtonpost.ca">{{Cite news |last=Althia Raj |date=February 2, 2015 |title=Varinder Bhullar, Edmonton Liberal, Accuses Party Of Breaking Open Nominations Pledge |work=The Huffington Post |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/02/02/liberals-open-nominations-varinder-bhullar_n_6591726.html}}</ref> Bhullar claimed the party disqualified him after he refused to step aside in favor of Sohi, the party's preferred candidate.<ref name="theglobeandmail.com" /><ref name="huffingtonpost.ca" />

On October 19, 2015, after a longer than average 78-day federal election campaign, Sohi was declared elected as MP for Edmonton Mill Woods. Per the initial count, Sohi received 41.2% of the popular vote and won by a margin of 79 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Elise Stolte |date=October 20, 2015 |title=Liberal Amarjeet Sohi pulls out a squeaker in Edmonton Mill Woods |work=Edmonton Journal |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/politics/liberal-amarjeet-sohi-pulls-out-a-squeaker-in-edmonton-mill-woods}}</ref> [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] candidate [[Tim Uppal]] successfully argued for a judicial recount of the results. The recount was held on October 29 and increased Sohi's margin of victory to 92 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paige |first=Parsons |date=2015-10-29 |title=Liberal candidate Amarjeet Sohi declared winner following Edmonton Mill Woods recount |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/politics/liberal-candidate-amerjeet-sohi-declared-winner-following-edmonton-mill-woods-recount |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=[[Edmonton Journal]]}}</ref> After being elected as MP, Sohi was criticized for accepting a {{CAD|46000}} severance package from the City of Edmonton. He defended the move, saying that he did not determine the amount, which was based on his years of service with Edmonton City Council.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Le Couteur |first=Mike |date=February 4, 2016 |title=Minister accepted $46K severance package from Edmonton city hall |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/2498495/minister-accepted-46k-severance-package-from-edmonton-city-hall/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204232843/http://globalnews.ca/news/2498495/minister-accepted-46k-severance-package-from-edmonton-city-hall/ |archive-date=2016-02-04 |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=[[Global News]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robb |first=Trevor |date=February 8, 2016 |title=Former Edmonton councillor Sohi says he earned severance |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/former-edmonton-councillor-sohi-says-he-earned-severance |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210110803/http://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/former-edmonton-councillor-sohi-says-he-earned-severance |archive-date=2016-02-10 |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=[[Edmonton Journal]] |language=en-CA}}</ref>
[[File:Sohi and Trudeau in 2018.jpeg|thumb|Sohi and Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] (left) in 2018]]

===Minister of Infrastructure and Communities===
{{Expand section|date=June 2022}}
Sohi took on the Infrastructure and Communities portfolio in [[Justin Trudeau]]'s first [[29th Canadian Ministry|Cabinet]] on November 4, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full list of Justin Trudeau's cabinet |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/full-list-of-justin-trudeau-s-cabinet-1.3300699 |website=CBC News}}</ref>

=== Minister of Natural Resources ===
{{Expand section|date=June 2022}}
Sohi took over the Natural Resources profile from [[Jim Carr]] on July 18, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-18 |title=Mixed reactions as Edmonton's Amarjeet Sohi appointed to pipeline portfolio |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/amarjeet-sohi-cabinet-shuffle-natural-resources-trans-mountain-pipeline-1.4752338 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720163413/http://www.cbc.ca:80/news/canada/edmonton/amarjeet-sohi-cabinet-shuffle-natural-resources-trans-mountain-pipeline-1.4752338 |archive-date=2018-07-20 |access-date=2021-12-12 |website=[[CBC News]]}}</ref>

In the 2019 election, Sohi was defeated by [[Tim Uppal]].

==Electoral record==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |[[2021 Edmonton municipal election|2021 Edmonton mayoral election]]
|-
! style="background:#ddf; width:200px;" |Candidate
! style="background:#ddf; width:50px;" |Vote<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unofficial 2021 Election Results {{!}} City of Edmonton |url=https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/municipal_elections/unofficial-2021-election-results |access-date=2021-10-19 |website=www.edmonton.ca}}</ref>
! style="background:#ddf; width:30px;" | %
|-
|Amarjeet Sohi
|105,497
|45.09
|-
|[[Mike Nickel]]
|59,189
|25.30
|-
|Kim Krushell
|40,337
|17.24
|-
|Michael Oshry
|14,469
|6.18
|-
|Cheryll Watson
|6,780
|2.90%
|-
|Rick Comrie
|}
{{2019 Canadian federal election/Edmonton Mill Woods}}

{{2015 Canadian federal election/Edmonton Mill Woods}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=18422 Library of Parliament profile]
*[http://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/Amarjeet-Sohi(89163) MP profile]

{{s-start}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=29}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post2preceded = [[Jim Carr]]
| post2 = [[Minister of Natural Resources]]
| post2years = July 18, 2018 – November 20, 2019
| post2note =
| post2followed = [[Seamus O'Regan]]
| post1preceded = Ministry Created
| post1 = [[Minister of Infrastructure and Communities]]
| post1years = November 4, 2015 – July 18, 2018
| post1note =
| post1followed = [[François-Philippe Champagne]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{EdmontonMayors}}
{{Justin Trudeau Ministry}}
{{CA-Ministers of Natural Resources}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sohi, Amarjeet}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Edmonton city councillors]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:Mayors of Edmonton]]
[[Category:Members of the 29th Canadian Ministry]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:People from Sangrur district]]
[[Category:Bus drivers]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian taxi drivers]]
[[Category:People imprisoned on charges of terrorism]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from Alberta]]
[[Category:Canadian secularists]]
[[Category:Multiculturalism activists in Canada]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language writers]]
[[Category:Amateur theatre]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian politicians]]
[[Category:Foreign-born Canadian politicians]]

Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)

2023-05-08T11:44:23Z

Akash30: Contributed a new addition to the platform.

#REDIRECT [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]]
{{R from move}}

Jagran Josh

2022-12-10T16:43:23Z

Akash30: ←Changed redirect target from Jagran Prakashan to Jagran Prakashan#Publication and activities

#REDIRECT [[Jagran Prakashan#Publication%20and%20activities]]

Chairman of the Rajya Sabha

2022-08-07T19:23:03Z

Akash30: Generated a fresh article.

#REDIRECT [[Vice President of India]]

[[Category:Rajya Sabha]]

Narasimham Committee

2022-04-26T06:35:05Z

Akash30: Created an enlightening write-up.

{{Short description|Indian government committees on the banking system}}
{{EngvarB}}
{{Use dmy dates}}

From the [[1991 India economic crisis]] to its status of [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|third largest economy in the world]] by 2011, India has grown significantly in terms of economic development, so has its [[banking in India|banking sector]]. During this period, recognizing the evolving needs of the sector, the Finance Ministry of the [[Government of India]] set up various committees with the task of analyzing India's banking sector and recommending legislation and regulations to make it more effective, competitive and efficient.<ref name="PMPIB">{{cite news
| title = Prime Minister's address at RBI Platinum Jubilee Celebrations
| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=60027
| work = Press Information Bureau, Government of India
| date = 1 April 2010
| access-date = 22 February 2011
}}</ref>

Two such expert Committees were set up under the chairmanship of '''[[M. Narasimham|Maidavolu Narasimham]]'''. They submitted their recommendations in the 1990s in reports widely known as the Narasimham Committee-I (1991) report and the '''Narasimham Committee-II (1998)''' Report. These recommendations not only helped unleash the potential of banking in India, they are also recognized as a factor towards minimizing the impact of [[Financial crisis of 2007–2008|global financial crisis starting in 2007]].

Unlike the [[Dirigisme|dirigist]] era up until the mid-1980s, India is no longer insulated from the global economy. The banks in India survived the [[2008 financial crisis]] relatively unscathed, a feat due in part to these ''Narasimham Committees''.<ref name="Hindu2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2008/10/13/stories/2008101350900900.htm |title=Kudos in order, as also more work", Oct13,2008 |work=Business Line |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref>

==Background==
During the decades of the 60s and the 70s, India [[Banking in India#Nationalisation|nationalised]] most of its banks. This culminated with the [[1991 India economic crisis|balance of payments crisis]] of the [[economy of India|Indian economy]] where India had to airlift gold to [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) to loan money to meet its financial obligations. This event called into question the previous banking policies of India and triggered the era of [[economic liberalisation in India|economic liberalization in India]] in 1991.

Given the rigidities and weaknesses had made serious inroads into the Indian banking system by the late 1980s, the [[Government of India]], post-crisis, took several steps to remodel the country's financial system.<ref name="BLSDN">{{cite news
| title = Financial reforms and development
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2002/04/26/stories/2002042600060800.htm
| work = S.D.Naik, Business Line, the Hindu
| date = 26 April 2002
| access-date = 22 February 2011
}}</ref> The banking sector, handling 80% of the flow of money in the economy, needed serious reforms to make it internationally reputable, accelerate the pace of reforms and develop it into a constructive usher of an efficient, vibrant and competitive economy by adequately supporting the country's financial needs.<ref name="Frontline">
{{cite news
| title = BANKING REFORMS, Radical prescriptions
| url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1510/15101090.htm
| work = SUDHA MAHALINGAM, Frontline Vol. 15 :: No. 10
| date = 9–22 May 1998
| access-date = 21 February 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081024220946/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1510/15101090.htm
| archive-date = 24 October 2008
| url-status = usurped
}}
</ref>

In the light of these requirements, two expert Committees were set up in 1990s under the chairmanship of [[M. Narasimham]], former [[Reserve Bank of India]] governor which are widely credited for spearheading the financial sector reform in India.<ref name="BLSDN" />

The first Narasimhan Committee '''(Committee on the Financial System – CFS)''' was appointed by [[Manmohan Singh]] as India's [[Finance Minister]] on 14 August 1991,<ref name="PMPIB" /><ref name="SN92">{{cite book|author1=India. Committee on the Financial System|author2=M. Narasimham|title=Narasimham Committee report on the financial system, 1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5qaAAAAIAAJ|access-date=23 February 2011|year=1992|publisher=Standard Book Co.}}</ref> and the second one ('''Committee on [[Banking system|Banking Sector]] Reforms''')<ref name="JainKhanna">{{cite book|author1=TR Jain|author2=OP Khanna|title=Macroeconomics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGypjQ8zMYsC&pg=PA345|access-date=23 February 2011|publisher=FK Publications|isbn=978-81-87140-65-8|pages=345–}}</ref> was appointed by [[P.Chidambaram]]<ref>{{cite news
| title = Financial sector reforms – an assessment
| url = http://www.expressindia.com/fe/daily/19971230/36455263.html
| work = Sudha Sharma, Expressindia.com
| date = 30 December 1997
| access-date = 23 February 2011
}}</ref> as Finance Minister in December 1997.<ref name="IT">
{{cite news
| title = Make the Buck Stop
| url = http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20001211/chid.shtml
| work = India Today, on the net
| date = 11 December 2000
| access-date = 21 February 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101124121043/http://india-today.com/itoday/20001211/chid.shtml
| archive-date = 24 November 2010
| url-status = dead
}}
</ref> Subsequently, the first one widely came to be known as the '''Narasimham Committee-I (1991)''' and the second one as '''Narasimham-II Committee(1998)'''.<ref name="Kalyan">{{cite web|url=http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2010/09/narasimham-committee-report-1991-1998.html |title=Narasimham Committee Report 1991 1998 – Recommendations |publisher=Gaurav Akrani |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref><ref name="Vidya">{{cite web |url=http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/3045/9/UOM-2001-1757-8.pdf |title=Vidyanidhi Document |access-date=2011-02-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180839/http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/3045/9/UOM-2001-1757-8.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

The purpose of the Narasimham-I Committee was to study all aspects relating to the structure, organisation, functions and procedures of the financial systems and to recommend improvements in their efficiency and productivity. The Committee submitted its report to the Finance Minister in November 1991 which was tabled in Parliament on 17 December 1991.<ref name="JainKhanna"/>

The Narasimham-II Committee was tasked with the progress review of the implementation of the banking reforms since 1992 with the aim of further strengthening the financial institutions of India.<ref name="Frontline"/> It focussed on issues like size of banks and [[capital adequacy ratio]] among other things.<ref name="Kalyan"/> M. Narasimham, chairman, submitted the report of the ''Committee on Banking Sector Reforms (Committee-II)'' to the [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]] [[Yashwant Sinha]] in April 1998.<ref name = "Frontline"/><ref name="Kalyan"/>

==Recommendations of the Committee==
The 1998 report of the committee to the GOI made the following major recommendations:

=== Autonomy in Banking ===
Greater autonomy was proposed for the [[Public-sector undertaking|public sector]] banks in order for them to function with equivalent professionalism as their international counterparts.<ref name="rbidocs.rbi.org.in">https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PublicationReport/Pdfs/24157.pdf {{Bare URL PDF}}</ref> For this the panel recommended that recruitment procedures, training and remuneration policies of public sector banks be brought in line with the best-market-practices of professional banking systems. It also recommended the RBI relinquish its seats on the board of directors of these banks. The committee further added that given that the government nominees to the board of banks are often [[Parliament of India|members of parliament]], politicians, bureaucrats, etc., they often interfere in the day-to-day operations of the bank in the form of the ''behest-lending''.<ref name = "Frontline"/> As such the committee recommended a review of functions of banks boards with a view to make them responsible for enhancing shareholder value through formulation of corporate strategy and reduction of the government equity.<ref name="rbidocs.rbi.org.in"/>

To implement this, criteria for ''autonomous status'' was identified by March 1999 (among other implementation measures) and 17 banks were considered eligible for autonomy.<ref name="BNI">{{cite web|author=anurag |url=http://www.banknetindia.com/banking/rbip3a.htm |title=Banking Sector Reforms 1999–2000 |publisher=Banknetindia.com |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> But some recommendations like reduction in Government's equity to 33%,<ref name="Hindu4">{{cite web |title=Now Govt has to top up funds banks need to grow |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/05/21/stories/2004052101980800.htm |access-date=2011-02-19 |work=Business Line}}</ref><ref name="TET">{{cite news
| title = Business houses can set up banks
| url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/banking/finance/banking/business-houses-can-set-up-banks/articleshow/1948997.cms
| work = The Economic Times
| date = 2 September 2006
| access-date = 21 February 2011
}}</ref> the issue of greater professionalism and independence of the board of directors of public sector banks is still awaiting Government follow-through and implementation.<ref name="THBL">{{cite news
| title = Budget and banking reforms
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2010/03/05/stories/2010030550730800.htm
| work = K. KANAGASABAPATHY, BusinessLine, Business Daily from THE HINDU group of publications
| date = 5 March 2010
| access-date = 23 February 2011
}}</ref>

=== Reform in the role of RBI ===
First, the committee recommended that the RBI withdraw from the 91-day treasury bills market and that interbank call money and term money markets be restricted to banks and primary dealers.<ref name="JainKhanna"/><ref name="BNI"/> Second, the Committee proposed a segregation of the roles of RBI as a ''regulator'' of banks and ''owner'' of bank.<ref name = "IE4">{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/fe/daily/19980818/23055344.html |title=Nip state-run banks stake below 51%, Centre told |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> It observed that ''"The Reserve Bank as a regulator of the monetary system should not be the owner of a bank in view of a possible conflict of interest"''. As such, it highlighted that RBI's role of effective supervision was not adequate and wanted it to divest its holdings in banks and financial institutions.

Pursuant to the recommendations, the RBI introduced a [[Liquidity Adjustment Facility]] (LAF) operated through repo and reverse repos to set a corridor for money market interest rates. To begin with, in April 1999, an Interim Liquidity Adjustment Facility (ILAF) was introduced pending further upgradation in technology and legal/procedural changes to facilitate electronic transfer.<ref name = "IE3">{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/fe/daily/20000428/fec28083.html |title=Text of the monetary and credit policy 2000–01|work=The Indian Express |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> As for the second recommendation, the RBI decided to transfer its respective shareholdings of public banks like [[State Bank of India]] (SBI), [[National Housing Bank]] (NHB) and [[National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development]] (NABARD) to GOI. Subsequently, in 2007–08, GOI decided to acquire entire stake of RBI in SBI, NHB and NABARD. Of these, the terms of sale for SBI were finalised in 2007–08 itself.<ref name="RBISBI">{{cite news
| title = Government acquires entire RBI shareholding in SBI
| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=28897
| work = Press Information Bureau, Government of India
| date = 29 June 2007
| access-date = 23 February 2011
}}</ref>

=== Stronger banking system ===
The Committee recommended for merger of large Indian banks to make them strong enough for supporting international trade.<ref name="rbidocs.rbi.org.in"/> It recommended a three tier banking structure in India through establishment of three large banks with international presence, eight to ten national banks and a ''large number of regional and local banks''.<ref name = "Frontline"/><ref name = "Kalyan"/> This proposal had been severely criticized by the RBI employees [[trade union|union]].<ref name="RBI union">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/19980425/11555314.html |title=RBI Union's protest article |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2011-02-19 }}{{dead link|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Committee recommended the use of mergers to build the size and strength of operations for each bank.<ref name="Hindu3">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2010/01/29/stories/2010012951380800.htm |title=Going ahead with bank mergers|work=Business Line |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> However, it cautioned that large banks should merge only with banks of equivalent size and not with weaker banks, which should be closed down if unable to revitalize themselves.<ref name="JainKhanna"/> Given the large percentage of [[non-performing asset]]s for weaker banks, some as high as 20% of their total assets, the concept of "narrow banking" was proposed to assist in their rehabilitation.<ref name="rbidocs.rbi.org.in"/>

There were a string of mergers in banks of India during the late 90s and early 2000s, encouraged strongly by the Government of India in line with the committee's recommendations.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/08/29/stories/2004082901610100.htm |title=Govt favors consolidation in banks |work=Business Line |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> However, the recommended degree of consolidation is still awaiting sufficient government impetus.<ref name="THBL"/>

=== Non-performing assets ===
Non-performing assets had been the single largest cause of irritation of the banking sector of India.<ref name="Frontline"/> Earlier the Narasimham Committee-I had broadly concluded that the main reason for the reduced profitability of the commercial banks in India was the priority sector lending. The committee had highlighted that 'priority sector lending' was leading to the buildup of non-performing assets of the banks and thus it recommended it to be phased out.<ref name = "Vidya"/> Subsequently, the Narasimham Committee-II also highlighted the need for 'zero' non-performing assets for all Indian banks with International presence.<ref name = "Vidya"/> The 1998 report further blamed poor credit decisions, behest-lending and cyclical economic factors among other reasons for the buildup of the non-performing assets of these banks to uncomfortably high levels. The Committee recommended creation of Asset Reconstruction Funds or Asset Reconstruction Companies to take over the bad debts of banks, allowing them to start on a clean-slate.<ref name = "Frontline"/><ref>{{cite news
|title = Asset reconstruction firm mooted to issue swap bonds for bad loans|url = http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/19980506/12655284.html|work = Banking Bureau,Expressindia.com|date = 6 May 1998|access-date = 23 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Panel moots ARC to tackle mounting NPA
| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980506/12650034.html
| work = ENS ECONOMIC BUREAU, Expressindia.com
| date = 6 May 1998
| access-date = 23 February 2011
}}</ref> The option of re-capitalization through budgetary provisions was ruled out. Overall the committee wanted a proper system to identify and classify NPAs,<ref name="JainKhanna"/> NPAs to be brought down to 3% by 2002<ref name = "Frontline"/> and for an ''independent loan review mechanism'' for improved management of loan portfolios.<ref name="JainKhanna"/>
The committee's recommendations led to introduction of a new legislation which was subsequently implemented as the [[Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002|Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002]] and came into force with effect from 21 June 2002.<ref>{{cite news
| title = NEW LEGISLATION FOR RECOVERY OF DEBTS
| url = http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2002/rmay2002/20052002/r200520021.html
| work = Press Information Bureau, Government of India
| date = 20 May 2002
| access-date = 23 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icai.org/resource_file/11432p687-694.pdf
|title=Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002.
|access-date=2011-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drat.tn.nic.in/Docu/Securitisation-Act.pdf
|title=Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002
|access-date=2011-02-22}}</ref>

=== Capital adequacy and tightening of provisioning norms ===
To improve the inherent strength of the Indian banking system the committee recommended that the Government should raise the prescribed [[Capital adequacy ratio|capital adequacy]] norms.<ref name = "Kalyan"/> This would also improve their risk taking ability.<ref name="rbidocs.rbi.org.in"/> The committee targeted raising the [[capital adequacy ratio]] to 9% by 2000 and 10% by 2002 and have penal provisions for banks that fail to meet these requirements.<ref name = "Frontline"/><ref name="JainKhanna"/> For asset classification, the Committee recommended a mandatory 1% in case of standard assets and for the accrual of interest income to be done every 90 days instead of 180 days.<ref name="BNI"/>

To implement these recommendations, the RBI in Oct 1998, initiated the second phase of financial sector reforms by raising the banks' capital adequacy ratio by 1% and tightening the prudential norms for provisioning and asset classification in a phased manner on the lines of the Narasimham Committee-II report.<ref name = "IE1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19981031/30450044.html |title=RBI policy sets deadline for banking reforms|publisher=Indian Express Article |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> The RBI targeted to bring the capital adequacy ratio to 9% by March 2001.<ref name = "IE2">{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/fe/daily/19981031/30455714.html |title=Reforms have been taken up in right earnest: Narasimhan |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> The mid-term Review of the Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI announced another series of reforms, in line with the recommendations with the committee, in October 1999.<ref name="BNI"/>

=== Entry of foreign banks ===
The committee suggested that the foreign banks seeking to set up business in India should have a minimum start-up capital of $25 million as against the existing requirement of $10 million. It said that foreign banks can be allowed to set up subsidiaries and joint ventures that should be treated on a par with private banks.<ref name = "Frontline"/>

==Implementation of recommendations==
In 1998, RBI Governor [[Bimal Jalan]] informed the banks that the RBI had a three to four-year perspective on the implementation of the committee's recommendations.<ref name="IE1"/>
Based on the other recommendations of the committee, the concept of a [[universal bank]] was discussed by the RBI and finally ICICI bank became the first universal bank of India.<ref name = "IE3"/><ref name = "ICICI">{{cite web|author=ICICI Bank |url=http://www.icicibank.com/aboutus/history.html |title=History of ICICI Bank |publisher=Icicibank.com |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref><ref name="BN2">{{cite news
| title = First Indian Universal Bank
| url = http://www.banknetindia.com/banking/univ.htm
| work = the banknetindia team
| access-date = 21 February 2011
}}</ref> The RBI published an "Actions Taken on the Recommendations" report on 31 October 2001 on its own website. Most of the recommendations of the Committee have been acted upon (as discussed above) although some major recommendations are still awaiting action from the Government of India.<ref name = RBI>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationReportDetails.aspx?UrlPage=&ID=251 |title=RBI Action Taken Report |publisher=Rbi.org.in |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref>

==Criticism==
There were protests by employee unions of banks in India against the report. The Union of RBI employees made a strong protest against the Narasimham II Report.<ref name = "RBI union"/> There were other plans by the United Forum of Bank Unions (UFBU), representing about 1.3 million bank employees in India, to meet in Delhi and to work out a plan of action in the wake of the Narasimham Committee report on banking reforms. The committee was also criticized in some quarters as "anti-poor". According to some, the committees failed to recommend measures for faster alleviation of poverty in India by generating new employment.<ref name="BLSDN"/> This caused some suffering to small borrowers (both individuals and businesses in [[small and medium enterprises|tiny, micro and small sectors]]).

==Reception==
Initially, the recommendations were well received in all quarters, including the [[Planning Commission of India]] leading to successful implementation of most of its recommendations.<ref>{{cite news | title = INDIA'S ECONOMIC REFORMS: AN APPRAISAL | url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/articles/msalu/index.php?repts=ier.htm | work = [[Montek Singh Ahluwalia]] | date=26 August 1999
}}</ref> During the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], performance of the Indian banking sector was far better than its international counterparts. This was also credited to the successful implementation of the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee-II with particular reference to the capital adequacy norms and the re-capitalization of the public sector banks.<ref name = "Hindu2"/> The impact of the two committees has been so significant that elite politicians and financial sectors professionals have been discussing these reports for more than a decade since their first submission applauding their positive contribution

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Banking in India}}
{{Economy of India topics}}

{{Portal|India}}

[[Category:Government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Banking in India]]
[[Category:1998 in India]]
[[Category:Economic history of India (1947–present)]]
[[Category:History of banking]]
[[Category:Financial history of India]]

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Akash30: Created page with "{{asbox | image = Pakistan flag.png | pix = 30 | subject = Pakistani biographical | qualifier = | category = Pakistani people stubs | tempsort = * | name..."

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Dananeer Mobeen

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Akash30: Created page with "{{Short description|Pakistani internet personality}} '''Dananeer Mobeen''' (Born September 12, 1999 Urdu: '''دنانیر مبین''') in Charsadda is a Pakistani cit..."

{{Short description|Pakistani internet personality}}

'''Dananeer Mobeen''' (Born September 12, 1999 [[Urdu]]: '''دنانیر مبین''') in Charsadda is a [[Pakistani]] citizen, traveler and vlogger who came to fame after a video known by the title [[Pawri Ho Rahi Hai]] that went viral on social media in both [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-19|title='Pawri girl': A five-second video brings India and Pakistan together|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56107941|access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Images|date=2021-02-21|title=From a meme to a million: Pawri continues for Dananeer as she hits 1m followers on Instagram|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1186596|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Images|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-24|title=Determine your identity and be proud of it, Dananeer Mobeen|url=https://www.bolnews.com/entertainment/2021/03/determine-your-identity-and-be-proud-of-it-dananeer-mobeen/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=BOL News|language=en-US}}</ref> and [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-26|title=Dananeer Mobeen and Her Sister Nafayal Enjoy Trip to Karachi|url=https://propakistani.pk/lens/dananeer-mobeen-and-her-sister-nafayal-enjoy-trip-to-karachi/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Lens|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bridging Borders: India grooves to Pak girl's Pawri video; Mobeen says 'we can be such great nations together' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/bridging-borders-india-grooves-to-pak-girls-pawri-video-mobeen-says-we-can-be-such-great-nations-together/articleshow/81370282.cms|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-12|title=Kareena Kapoor Khan inspired 'pawri girl' Dananeer Mobeen|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2289010/kareena-kapoor-khan-inspired-pawri-girl-dananeer-mobeen|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref>

{{Infobox person
| name = Dananeer Mobeen
| image = Dananeer-Mobeen.jpg
| native_name = دنانیر مبین
| native_name_lang = Urdu
| other_names = Geena
| birth_name = Dananeer Mobeen
| birth_date = September 12, 1999
| birth_place = [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]]
| citizenship = [[Pakistani]]
| height_ft = 5
| height_in = 3
| mother = Shama Khan
| father = Mobeen Ahmed Khan
}}
In February 2021, a 19-year-old girl Dananeer Mobeen on a trip to [[Nathia Gali]] with her friends made a short video portraying a light-hearted mocking of "burger people",<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=ABP News|date=2021-02-16|title='PawriHoRahiHai': Things To Know About Pak Blogger Dananeer Whose Video Has Sparked A Meme Fest|url=https://news.abplive.com/lifestyle/influencer-dananeer-mobeen-sparked-a-meme-fest-with-ye-hamari-pawri-hori-hai-1444384|access-date=2021-04-02|website=ABP Live|language=en}}</ref> a [[slang]] in [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=not|date=2021-02-17|title=Dananeer Mobeen Age, Height, Wiki, Biography, Net Worth & More|url=https://wikiofcelebs.com/2021/02/dananeer-mobeen.html|access-date=2021-04-02|website=WikiofCelebs|language=en-US}}</ref> for people who imitate an accent or try to emulate [[Western culture]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pawri girl Dananeer Mobeen and Maro Mujhe guy's viral video is a must-watch|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/trending-news/story/pawri-girl-dananeer-mobeen-and-maro-mujhe-guy-s-viral-video-is-a-must-watch-1782728-2021-03-23|access-date=2021-04-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=15 February 2021|title=Brands Join The "Pawri" As Pakistani Influencer's Video Goes Viral|publisher=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/brands-join-the-pawri-as-pakistani-influencers-video-goes-viral-2370775|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> and saying ''"Yeh hamari car hai, aur yeh hum hein aur yeh hamari pawri ho rai hai!"''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-12|title='Yeh hamari party ho rahi hai' video goes viral on social media|url=https://nation.com.pk/12-Feb-2021/yeh-hamari-party-ho-rahi-hai-video-goes-viral-on-social-media|access-date=2021-02-15|website=The Nation}}</ref> The video went viral on social media and started a meme trend by people and celebrities joining the bandwagon by making videos.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-21|title='Pawri' girl Dananeer joins star-studded roster of Peshawar Zalmi ambassadors|url=https://arab.news/cq3qk|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Arab News PK|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-13|title=There's a 'pawri' on Twitter and celebs can't help but join in|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2283894/theres-a-pawri-on-twitter-and-celebs-cant-help-but-join-in?amp=1|access-date=2021-02-15|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref> The video also became viral in neighbouring India after [[Yashraj Mukhate]]'s composition, and in both the countries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pawri girl Dananeer Mobeen garners 1 million followers on Instagram. See her viral post|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/trending-news/story/pawri-girl-dananeer-mobeen-garners-1-million-followers-on-instagram-see-her-viral-post-1780330-2021-03-17|access-date=2021-04-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-18|title='Pawri' Girl Dananeer Mobeen Says Viral Video Changed Her Life: 'I Have a New Digital Family'|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/pawri-girl-dananeer-mobeen-on-how-viral-video-changed-her-life-3543404.html|access-date=2021-04-02|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Dananeer Mobeen was born on 27 December 2001 in [[Islamabad]],<ref>{{Cite web|title='Pawri' power: Pakistani teen's Instagram video a rage in India|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/2/how-a-five-second-social-media-clip-took-india-pakistan-by-storm|access-date=2021-04-02|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Pakistan, her childhood education was in Islamabad,<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH: 'Pawri girl' Dananeer meets 'mujhe maro' Momin Saqib|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/341107-watch-pawri-girl-dananeer-meets-mujhe-maro-momin-saqib|access-date=2021-04-02|website=www.geo.tv|language=en}}</ref> but then she completed her schooling in [[Peshawar]], Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SAMAA - dananeer-mobeen|url=https://www.samaa.tv/tag/dananeer-mobeen/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=www.samaa.tv}}</ref> Dananeer is very fond of [[paintings]],<ref>{{Cite web|last1=KarachiMarch 3|first1=Reuters|last2=March 3|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 18:20|title=Pakistani Pawri Girl Dananeer Mobeen thanks India for the love after viral video|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/pakistan-s-dananeer-mobeen-says-grateful-for-the-love-across-border-for-viral-pawri-clip-1775167-2021-03-03|access-date=2021-04-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> she has been making very good paintings since childhood. She is currently completing her graduation in [[Peshawar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title='Pawri' Originator, Young Pak Student, On India Loving Her Lingo|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pawri-originator-dananeer-mobeen-young-pakistani-student-on-india-loving-her-lingo-2381969|access-date=2021-04-02|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=KarachiMarch 3|first1=Reuters|last2=March 3|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 18:20|title=Pakistani Pawri Girl Dananeer Mobeen thanks India for the love after viral video|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/pakistan-s-dananeer-mobeen-says-grateful-for-the-love-across-border-for-viral-pawri-clip-1775167-2021-03-03|access-date=2021-04-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Dananeer Mobeen was born into a well-settled army [[Islamic]] family<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-27|title='Pawri Hori Hai': Dananeer shares another interesting video for fans with Mahira Khan|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/796180-pawri-horahi-hai-dananeer-shares-another-interesting-video-for-fans-with-mahira-khan|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The News International|language=en}}</ref> who believes in Islamic culture and prays to Allah by going to the [[mosque]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-17|title='Pawri' Girl Dananeer Mobeen Shares Her Favorite Makeup Products|url=https://propakistani.pk/lens/pawri-girl-dananeer-mobeen-shares-her-favorite-makeup-products/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Lens|language=en-US}}</ref> Dananeer Mobeen's father's name is Mobeen Ahmed who is an [[army officer]] and her mother's name is Gul Mobeen who is a chef by profession.<ref>{{Citation|title=Good Morning Pakistan - Dananeer Mobeen & Zara Naeem - 18th February 2021 - ARY Digital Show|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjYojL4Wm50|language=en|access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title='Pawri Girl' & Zara Naeem Appear on Nida Yasir Show [Videos]|url=https://propakistani.pk/lens/pawri-girl-dananeer-mobeen-to-appear-on-nida-yasir-show/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Lens|language=en-US}}</ref>

Apart from her [[parents]] in her family, Dananeer has an elder sister named Nafayal Mobeen.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=News|date=2021-02-14|title=Dananeer Mobeen Wiki Biography, Photos, Age, Family {{!}}The pawri horai hai girl{{!}}|url=https://www.businesstribune.com.pk/lifestyle/dananeer-mobeen-wiki-biography-photos-age-family-the-pawri-horai-hai-girl/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Business Tribune Pakistan|language=en-US}}</ref> Dananeer also has an older brother named Muhammad Nofal. Dananeer's marital status is unmarried and has not yet married. She is a very bubbly young girl, focusing on her career.<ref>{{Citation|title=Brut India (March 10, 2021) The Girl Who Started A "Pawri"|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8p5QMEiNNec|language=en|access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-17|title=Dananeer Vs. Zara Naeem: Why Are Netizens Comparing Them?|url=https://propakistani.pk/lens/dananeer-vs-zara-naeem-why-are-netizens-comparing-them/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Lens|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://instagram.com/dananeerr?igshid=rf6x6hjj3bcd Dananeer Mobeen] on [[Instagram]]

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1999 births]]

{{Pakistan-bio-stub}}

Category:1945 births

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