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Valsad–Vadodara Intercity Superfast Express

2026-04-30T23:02:50Z

Akash Arora: new basic place v1 - done

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 00FFFF
| name = Valsad–Vadodara Intercity Superfast Express
| image = ValsadVadnagarIntercityExpressBoard.jpg
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]]
| locale = [[Gujarat]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1992|07|01}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Valsad}} (BL)
| stops = 11
| end = {{stnlnk|Vadodara}} (BRC)
| distance = {{convert|199|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 03 hours 20 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC Chair Car, Second Seating, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack = Overhead racks
| catering = No
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12929 / 12930
| speed = {{cvt|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map = [[File:ValsadVadodaraIntercitySFExpress.png|250px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12929 / 12930 '''Valsad–Vadodara Intercity Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|superfast express]] train of the Indian Railways connecting {{stnlnk|Valsad}} and {{stnlnk|Vadodara}} of [[Gujarat]]. It is operated with train numbers 12929/12930 on a daily basis.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=2856&did=1442820092844E8E1BB874455EED96F515946FB3D9ABA.web91|title=The composition of the following trains will be changed w.e.f 1st October 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=2856&id=0,4,268 CHANGE IN COMPOSITION OF 2 WR TRAINS]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/gujarat/news/mega-block-railway-in-ajmer-valsad-221-trains-will-lie-on-more-than-half-an-hour-01439714.html|title=सूरत / अजमेर-वलसाड में रेलवे लेगी मेगा ब्लॉक; 221 ट्रेनें आधा घंटे से ज्यादा लेट चलेंगी|website=Dainik Bhasker|date=27 December 2018 }}</ref>

This train was previously running between Valsad and {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}, but the train was extended up to Dahod by [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=389&did=130995187208685CB2B8823DF448F8900C5A43FC79688.web103| title=WR Extends of Valsad–Vadodara Intercity Express upto Dahod
| website=Western Railway}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/rail-budget-2011/Several-new-trains-proposed-in-Railway-Budget/articleshow/7570234.cms|title=Several trains proposed in Railway Budget:2011|website=Times of India|date=25 February 2011 }}</ref> It runs to {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/indian-railways-announces-3-additional-fully-reserved-special-trains-check-timings-halts-other-details/2331145/|title=Indian Railways announces 3 additional fully reserved special trains; Check timings, halts & other details|website=Financial Express|date=16 September 2021 }}</ref>

==Coach composition==

The train has standard rakes with maximum speed of {{cvt|110|km/h}}. The train consists of 22 coaches:

* 2 Luggage cum Brake vans
* 2 AC Chair Car
* 10 Second Seating
* 8 General Unreserved

==Service==

*12929/Valsad–Vadodara Intercity Superfast Express has an average speed of {{cvt|60|km/h}} and covers {{cvt|199|km}} in 3 hours 20 minutes.
*12930/Vadodara–Valsad Intercity Superfast Express has an average speed of {{cvt|55|km/h}} and covers {{cvt|199|km}} in 3 hours 35 minutes.

==Route & halts==

The important{{according to who|date=June 2025}} halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Valsad}}
* {{stnlnk|Bilimora Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Amalsad}}
* {{stnlnk|Navsari}}
* {{stnlnk|Maroli}}
* {{stnlnk|Surat}}
* {{stnlnk|Kim}}
* {{stnlnk|Kosamba Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ankleshwar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bharuch Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Palej}}
* {{stnlnk|Miyagam Karjan Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 12929 || BL || Valsad || 07:15 || Daily || Vadodara || 10:35 || Daily
|-
| 12930 || BRC || Vadodara || 17:10 || Daily || Valsad || 20:45 || Daily
|}

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-5]] / [[WAP-7]] locomotive from end to end.

==Rake sharing==
The train shares its rake with;
* 22959/22960 [[Vadodara–Jamnagar Intercity Superfast Express]]
* 20959/20960 [[Valsad–Vadnagar Intercity Superfast Express]]

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/valsad-dahod-intercity-express-12929/1706/67/875 12929/Valsad - Vadodara Intercity Superfast Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/dahod-valsad-intercity-express-12930/1712/875/67 12930/Vadodara - Valsad Intercity Superfast Express] India Rail Info

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valsad-Vadodara Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Valsad]]
[[Category:Transport in Vadodara]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1992]]
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]

Paritosh Painter

2026-04-24T09:03:47Z

Akash Arora: put up a article initial version

{{Short description|Indian actor and film director (born 1972)}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Paritosh Painter
| image =
| birth_date =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|director|writer|producer|}}
| known_for = ''[[Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal]]'' on [[BIG Magic]]
| website = {{URL|ideasentertainment.in}}
}}

'''Paritosh Painter''' is an Indian theatre actor, director, and film, TV writer. He is the writer of several Bollywood movies, some of which are ''[[Total Dhamaal]]'' (2019), ''[[Dhamaal]]'' (2007), ''[[Paying Guests]]'' (2009), and [[All the Best: Fun Begins|''All The Best: Fun Begins'']] (2009).

== Career ==

Painter is active in the Indian theater scene, where he is known for writing and producing See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil,<ref>{{cite web|title=See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil|url=http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/english/08-see-no-evil-hear-no-evil-speak-no-evil-do-no-evil-english-play-preview.asp|publisher=Mumbai Theatre Guide|access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mishra|first=Garima|title=Evil Dead|date=28 September 2013 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/evil-dead/|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> Get Rid of My Wife,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/english/26-english-play-preview-get-rid-of-my-wife.asp|title=GET RID OF MY WIFE|publisher=Mumbai Theatre Guide|access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> and I Am The Best.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/english/22-english-play-preview-i-am-the-best.asp|title=I Am The Best|publisher=Mumbai Theatre Guide|access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref>

In 2018 he created and co-produced comedy web series, ''[[Baby Come Naa]]'' for [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s OTT platform [[ALT Balaji]] starring [[Shreyas Talpade]], [[Chunky Pandey]], [[Kiku Sharda]], [[Shefali Zariwala]] and [[Manasi Scott]].<ref>[https://scroll.in/reel/887396/altbalaji-announces-comedy-baby-come-naa-starring-shreyas-talpade AltBalaji announces comedy 'Baby Come Naa', starring Shreyas Talpade]</ref>

He also performs as a stand-up comedian with his show called Women Decoded.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paritosh painters Women decoded|url=http://www.indianstage.in/EventDetails.do?eventId=4729#.UwuXB_mSw74|publisher=Indianstage.in|access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref>

== Films ==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=September 2024}}
{| class="wikitable"

|+
!Year
! Film!! Role
!Producer
!Language
|-
|2007
|'''[[Dhamaal]]'''
|Actor, writer
|Indra Kumar Irani – Maruti International
| rowspan="6" |Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
| '''[[Paying Guests]]'''||Director, actor, writer
|Mukta Arts
|-
|'''[[All the Best: Fun Begins|All The Best]]'''
|Writer
|[[Rohit Shetty]] – [[Ajay Devgn|Ajay Devgan]] Productions
|-
|2016
|[[Santa Banta Pvt Ltd|'''Santa Banta''']]
|Creative Advisor
| -
|-
|2017
|'''[[Poster Boys (2017 film)|Poster Boys]]'''
| rowspan="2" |Writer
|[[Shreyas Talpade]] – Sony
|-
|2019
|'''[[Total Dhamaal]]'''
|Indra Kumar Irani – [[Reliance Entertainment]] & Maruti (WIP)
|-
|2022
|[[Lochya Zaala Re|'''Lochya Zala Re''']]
|Writer / Director / Producer
| rowspan="2" |Ideas The Entertainment Company
| rowspan="2" |Marathi
|-
|2023
|'''[[Aflatoon (2023 film)|Aflatoon]]'''
| rowspan="2" |Writer / Director
|-
|2024
|The Defective Detectives
|Rajeev Kumar Saha
|English
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"

|+
! TV Show !! Role
!Channel
|-
|[[Akbar Ka Bal Birbal|Akbar ka bal Birbal]]
|Writer / Creator
|Star Bharat 2020
|-
|BOO SABKI PHATEGI
|Producer - Webseries
|Alt Balaji
|-
|[[My Name Ijj Lakhan|MY NAME IJJ LAKHAN]]
|Creator/Writer/ Producer
|Sony Sab
|-
|Bagal waali Jaan Mareli
|Producer
|Zee Ganga
|-
| ''[[Baby Come Naa]]''
| Creator and producer Web series
|[[ALT Balaji]]
|-
|Partners - Trouble ho gayi double<ref>[https://www.sonyliv.com/details/show/5660004238001/Partners-Trouble-Ho-Gayi-Double Unknown]{{Dead link | date=April 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
|Creator and producer
|SAB TV
|-
|[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]]
|Story, Screenplay, Dialogues
|Sab TV
|-
|The Drama Company
|Floor Director
|Sony TV
|-
|[[Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal]]
|writer / creator
|Big Magic
|-
|[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]
|Writer
|Sony TV
|-
|CAMPUS
|Actor
|Zee TV
|-
|Challenge
|Actor
|Sony TV
|-
|Shagun
|Actor
|Star TV
|-
|Nadaniyaan
|Writer
|Big Magic
|-
| Magic's Kool || Creative Consultant & writer
|[[Pogo (TV channel)|POGO]]
|-
|Honge Judaa Na Hum
|Producer, director, writer
|Sony TV
|-
|[[Shree Adi Manav]]
|Concept / Producer
|SAB TV
|-
|Shree Tashi Sau
|Concept / Producer
|Zee Marathi
|-
|Home Sweet Home
|Producer, director, writer
|Zee Smile
|-
|Beach – O – Beach
|Concept / Producer
|Zee Next / Colors
|-
|Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny
|Concept / Producer
|Sahara TV
|-
|Bookings Open
|Concept / Producer
|Sahara TV
|-
|[[Funjabbi Chak De|Funjabi Chak De]]
|Consultant
|Start One
|-
|
|
|
|}

== Theatre ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Play Name
! Year !! Role
! Language
|-
| Whose Wife Is It Anyway?
| 1996
| Actor, producer
| English
|-
| Liar, Liar !!
| 1997
| Actor, producer
| English
|-
| Madhouse
| 1998
| Actor, producer
| English
|-
| I Do, I Don't
| 1999
| Actor, producer, writer
| English
|-
| I Love You Two
| 2000
| Actor, producer, writer
| English
|-
| Amar, Akbar, Ann, Tony
| 2001
| Actor, producer, writer
| English
|-
| Ek Se Bhale Do
| 2002
| Director, writer, producer
| Hindi
|-
| Uncle Samjha Karo
| 2004
| Director, writer, producer
| Hindi
|-
| Paying Guest
| 2005
| Actor, director, writer, producer
| Hindi
|-
| See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil
| 2006
| Actor, director, writer, producer
| English
|-
| Yeh Tedha Ghar, Yeh Medha Ghar
| 2007
| Director, writer, producer
| Hindi
|-
| Yeh Dil Maange More
| 2008
| Director, writer, producer
| Hindi
|-
| Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai
| 2008
| Director, writer, producer
| Hindi
|-
| Kya Karen Control Nahin Hota
| 2008
| Director, writer
| Hindi
|-
| Oye Ki Girl Hai
| 2008
| Director, writer
| Hindi
|-
| See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil – Plot 2
| 2009
| Actor, director, writer, producer
| English
|-
| Get Rid Of My Wife
| 2010
| Actor, director, writer
| English
|-
| I Am The Best
| 2011
| Actor, director, writer, producer
| English
|-
| It's A Kind Of Magic – Comedy Store
| 2012
| Actor, director, writer
| English
|-
| WOMEN DECODED
| 2014
| Actor, director, writer, producer
| English
|-
| SELFIE
| 2016
| Director, writer, producer
| English & Hindi
|-
| Three Cheers
| 2019
| Writer / Director / Actor
| Hindi, English, Marathi
|-
| [[Ek Main Aur Ek Two]]
| 2024
| Writer / Director
| Hindi
|-
| Nathuram Godse Must Die
| 2024
| Writer / Director
| English
|-
| Carry On Spying
| 2025
| Writer / Director
| English
|-
| Ananya
| 2025
| Director
| Hindi
|-
| Tom & Jerry
| 2026
| Writer / Director
| Hindi
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Painter, Paritosh}}
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

S. Muralidhar

2026-04-23T09:09:03Z

Akash Arora: put up basic biography w/ infobox.

{{short description|Former Chief Justice of Orissa High Court}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. S. Muralidhar
| office = 32nd [[Chief Justice]] of [[Orissa High Court]]
| term_start = 4 January 2021
| term_end = 7 August 2023
| predecessor = [[Mohammad Rafiq (judge)|Mohammad Rafiq]]
| appointer = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| nominator = [[Sharad Arvind Bobde]]
| office1 = [[Judge]] of [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
| term_start1 = 6 March 2020
| term_end1 = 3 January 2021
| appointer1 = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| nominator1 = [[Sharad Arvind Bobde]]
| nominator2 = [[Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal]]
| office2 = [[Judge]] of [[Delhi High Court]]
| term_start2 = 29 May 2006
| term_end2 = 5 March 2020
| appointer2 = [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]
| spouse = [[Usha Ramanathan]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice (Retd.)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1961|8|8}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Madras]] [[Nagpur University]] [[University of Delhi]]
| image =
}}

'''S. Muralidhar''' is an Indian [[lawyer]] and former [[judge]].<ref>{{cite news |title=SC grants senior designation to former Chief Justice of Orissa HC Justice S Muralidhar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/sc-senior-designation-former-chief-justice-of-orissa-hc-justice-s-muralidhar-8989554/ |work=The Indian Express |date=18 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He was the [[Chief Justice]] of [[Orissa High Court]] and a [[Judge]] of the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://highcourtchd.gov.in/?trs=chief|title=Hon'ble Chief Justice and Judges of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana|website=highcourtchd.gov.in|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> and [[Delhi High Court]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.delhihighcourt.nic.in/formerjudges.asp|title=Former Judges|website=www.delhihighcourt.nic.in|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/justice-s-muralidhar-takes-oath-as-judge-of-punjab-and-haryana-high-court|title=Justice S Muralidhar takes oath as judge of Punjab and Haryana High Court|website=Bar and Bench|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> He has been designated as a [[Senior counsel|Senior Advocate]] by the Supreme Court of India and presently practicing before the Supreme Court of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=SC grants senior designation to former Chief Justice of Orissa HC Justice S Muralidhar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/sc-senior-designation-former-chief-justice-of-orissa-hc-justice-s-muralidhar-8989554/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar & |date=2023-10-18 |title=Justice S Muralidhar to practice law in Supreme Court; conferred senior gown |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/justice-s-muralidhar-practice-supreme-court-senioradvocate |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Jaison |date=2023-10-19 |title=Ex-Odisha HC Chief Justice S Muralidhar designated as senior advocate by SC |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2023/Oct/19/ex-odisha-hc-chief-justice-s-muralidhar-designated-as-senior-advocate-by-sc-2625197.html |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
S. Muralidhar completed his Bachelor of Sciences (Chemistry) from the Vivekananda College, Chennai securing first class from the Madras University in 1981. He secured first rank in the [[Bachelor of Laws]] course ("BL") from the University of Madras and was awarded the Lakshminarasa Reddi, the L.C. Miller Medals and the Carmichael and Innes Prize, 1984. As a law student, he was a part of a two-member team of Madras Law College, that won the All India Moot Court Competition and consequently represented India at the 25th [[Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition]] held at [[Washington, D.C.|Washington D.C.]] in April 1984. He completed his [[LL.M]] specializing in Constitutional and Administrative Law from [[Nagpur University]] in 1990, securing first rank. Dr. S. Muralidhar was awarded a Ph.D. by the [[University of Delhi]] in February 2003 for a Doctoral Programme entitled "Legal Aid and the Criminal Justice System in India". He is also a Fellow of the [[Institute of Company Secretaries of India]].<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=http://www.delhihighcourt.nic.in/video/ShowClip.asp?File=HMJSMurlidhar|title=Video of Full Court Reference of Justice Muralidhar at High Court of Delhi.|last=|first=|date=|website=www.delhihighcourt.nic.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325091957/http://www.delhihighcourt.nic.in/video/ShowClip.asp?File=HMJSMurlidhar/|archive-date=2020-03-25|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

== Early career ==

=== Litigation and advocacy ===
S. Muralidhar began his law practice in [[Chennai]] in September 1984. He qualified as a [[Company secretary|Company Secretary]] in December 1985.<ref name=":13" /> In July 1987 he shifted his practice to Delhi where he initially worked as a junior lawyer to the then [[Additional Solicitor General of India|Additional Solicitor General]] G Ramaswamy, who would later become the [[Attorney General of India|Attorney General for India]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/justice-league-sunday-profile-justice-muralidhar-delhi-violence-high-court-6293140/|title=Justice league|date=2020-03-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> He was appointed [[amicus curiae]] by the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] in several [[Public interest litigation in India|Public Interest Litigation]] cases and in cases involving convicts on death row. Muralidhar was counsel for the [[National Human Rights Commission of India|National Human Rights Commission]] and the [[Election Commission of India]] and a part-time member of the [[Law Commission of India|Law Commission]] from December 2002 till May 2006.<ref name=":2" />

== Judgeship ==

=== Appointment ===
Justice Muralidhar was appointed as a Judge of [[Delhi High Court|High Court of Delhi]] on 29 May 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi-high-court-bar-protests-transfer-of-justice-muralidhar-6276748/|title=Delhi High Court Bar protests transfer of Justice Muralidhar|date=2020-02-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> During his almost 14-year stint as a Judge of the High Court of Delhi, he pronounced various landmark judgments dealing with a variety of issues.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/as-his-transfer-sparks-a-political-row-a-look-at-past-verdicts-of-justice-muralidhar-2517689.html|title=As His Transfer Sparks A Political Row, A Look at Past Verdicts of Justice Muralidhar|website=News18|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/landmark-judgments-of-justice-muralidhar-in-delhi-high-court-153525|title=Landmark Judgments Of Justice Muralidhar In Delhi High Court|date=2020-03-06|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newscentral24x7.com/justice-muralidhar-transfer-delhi-hc-sc-collegium-anti-sikh-riots-hashimpura-gujarat-riots-modi-govt/|title=Attempts To Transfer Justice Muralidhar? Here's a List of Cases Decided by Him Which May Tell You Why|date=2019-01-29|website=NewsCentral24x7|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-10|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108001240/https://newscentral24x7.com/justice-muralidhar-transfer-delhi-hc-sc-collegium-anti-sikh-riots-hashimpura-gujarat-riots-modi-govt/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/unannounced-forced-eviction-of-jhuggi-dwellers-contrary-to-law-hc/article26573557.ece|title=Unannounced, forced eviction of jhuggi dwellers contrary to law: HC|date=2019-03-19|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-11|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was later transferred as a Judge to the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court|High Court of Punjab and Haryana]] where he was sworn in on 6 March 2020.<ref name=":0" /> As a judge he had deprecated the use of "my lord" and "your lordship" as a form of address in Court and had directed the Court's registry to append a note to the daily causelist for his Court requesting lawyers "to try and avoid addressing the judges as My Lord and Your Lordship”.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Muralidhar asks lawyers not to address him as 'my lord' or 'your lordship'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/justice-muralidhar-asks-lawyers-not-to-address-him-as-my-lord-or-your-lordship-6315761/|date=2020-03-15|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>

=== Controversy surrounding "Transfer" ===
The Collegium of the [[Supreme Court of India]] headed by then [[Chief Justice of India]] [[Sharad Arvind Bobde|S. A. Bobde]] in its meeting held on 12 February 2020 recommended the transfer of Justice Dr. S. Muralidhar from the High Court of Delhi to the High Court of Punjab and Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resolution by the Collegium of the Supreme Court of India recommending Transfer of Justice Dr. S. Muralidhar.|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/pdf/Collegium/19022020_051309.pdf|last=|first=|date=February 19, 2020|website=Supreme Court of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228094217/https://main.sci.gov.in/pdf/Collegium/19022020_051309.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2020|access-date=March 10, 2020}}</ref> The [[List of presidents of India|President of India]] accepted the recommendation of the Collegium of the [[Supreme Court of India]] and the transfer was notified on the night of 26 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government of India Notification of the Transfer of Justice Dr. S. Muralidhar|url=https://doj.gov.in/sites/default/files/Transfer%20Notification%20of%20Shri%20Justice%20S.%20Muralidhar_11.pdf|website=Department of Justice, Government of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310093643/https://doj.gov.in/sites/default/files/Transfer%20Notification%20of%20Shri%20Justice%20S.%20Muralidhar_11.pdf|archive-date=March 10, 2020|access-date=March 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=[Breaking] Centre Notifies Transfer Of Justice Muralidhar From Delhi HC To P&H HC [Read Notification]|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/centre-notifies-transfer-of-justice-muralidhar-from-delhi-hc-to-ph-hc-153184|date=2020-02-26|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Breaking: Centre notifies transfer of Justice S Muralidhar to Punjab & Haryana High Court|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/breaking-centre-notifies-transfer-of-justice-muralidhar-to-punjab-haryana-high-court|website=Bar and Bench |access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> The hurried "midnight" transfer of Justice Dr. S. Muralidhar was widely panned by lawyers, former judges, civil society members and the media across the country, and was considered to be a punitive measure by the government for the hearings conducted by the [[Division bench|Division Bench]] of the [[Delhi High Court|High Court of Delhi]] headed by Justice Muralidhar into the inaction of police during the [[2020 Delhi riots]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-27|title=Justice Muralidhar's 'midnight transfer' condemned by NGO on judicial reform|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/justice-muralidhars-midnight-transfer-condemned-by-ngo-on-judicial-reform/article30932509.ece|access-date=2020-03-10|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Midnight Transfer of Justice Muralidhar|url=https://www.livelaw.in/columns/midnight-transfer-of-justice-muralidhar-153362|last=Dhavan|first=Rajeev|date=2020-03-02|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NGO condemns midnight transfer of Justice S Muralidhar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ngo-condemns-midnight-transfer-of-justice-s-muralidhar/articleshow/74338230.cms|date=February 27, 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Row erupts over transfer of judge hours after he pulls up Delhi cops|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/row-erupts-over-transfer-of-judge-hours-after-he-pulls-up-delhi-cops-11582853787313.html|first1=Japnam|last1=Bindra|first2=Prathma|last2=Sharma|date=2020-02-28|website=Livemint|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=High Court Judge Who Criticised Cops Over Delhi Violence Transferred|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delhi-high-court-judge-s-muralidhar-hearing-delhi-violence-case-moved-to-punjab-and-haryana-high-cou-2186313|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained {{!}} The curious case of Justice Muralidhar's transfer from Delhi High Court|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/explained-the-curious-case-of-justice-muralidhars-transfer-from-delhi-high-court-4984891.html|website=Moneycontrol|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SC Violates {{Sic|It|'s|nolink=y}} Own Resolution In Transfer Of Justice Muralidhar|url=https://www.livelaw.in/columns/sc-violates-its-own-resolution-in-transfer-of-justice-muralidhar-dear-lords-of-collegium-please-explain-why-153499|last=Acharyulu|first=Madabhushi Sridhar|date=2020-03-05|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Muralidhar transfer: Lack of reasons for a transfer order in trying times|url=https://www.barandbench.com/columns/justice-muralidhar-transfer-lack-of-reasons-for-a-transfer-order-in-trying-times|last=Lokur|first=Chetan|website=Bar and Bench|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Amit |date=2020-02-22 |title=A Transfer, and its Discontents |url=https://www.barandbench.com/columns/a-transfer-and-its-discontents |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref> During the Full Court Reference given by the [[Delhi High Court|High Court of Delhi]] on 5 March 2020 Justice Muralidhar spoke on the transfer giving details of the sequence of events.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Justice Muralidhar on the Distinction Between Neutrality and Impartiality|url=https://thewire.in/law/justice-muralidhar-farewell-speech-full|website=The Wire|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Citation|title=Speech of Justice Muralidhar at his Full Court Farewell Reference by the High Court of Delhi.|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xC5SIwNejXQ|language=en|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>

=== Elevation as Chief Justice of the Orissa High Court ===
On 15 December 2020, news reports broke about the Collegium of the [[Supreme Court of India]] headed by [[Chief Justice of India]] [[Sharad Arvind Bobde|S. A. Bobde]] recommending Justice Muralidhar for elevation as the Chief Justice of [[Orissa High Court]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-12-15|title=Amid row over CM Jagan's charges, SC moots transfer of AP Chief Justice|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amid-row-over-cm-jagans-charges-sc-moots-transfer-of-ap-chief-justice/article33339784.ece|access-date=2020-12-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was appointed as 32nd [[Chief Justice]] of [[Orissa High Court]] on 31 December 2020 and took oath on 4 January 2021.
<ref>{{cite news |title=No Central Nod For Transfer of Judge Who Made Headlines During Delhi Riots |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/no-central-nod-for-transfer-of-judge-who-made-headlines-during-delhi-riots-3422900 |access-date=11 October 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=11 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NETWORK |first=LIVELAW NEWS |date=2023-08-07 |title='I Consider Myself Most Fortunate To Have Been Sent To Odisha As Its Chief Justice': CJ Muralidhar Retires |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/orissa-high-court/justice-muralidhar-retirement-farewell-speech-orissa-high-court-234619 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Tenure as Chief Justice of the Orissa High Court ===
During his tenure as the Chief Justice, the Orissa High Court set up Record Room Digitization Centre (RRDC),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Jyoti Prakash |date=2022-09-10 |title=De-Clogging & Digitisation Of Physical Records Provides More Space To Think: Odisha CJ Muralidhar |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/chief-justice-muralidhar-record-digitisation-record-room-digitization-centre-208907 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> the Judicial History Project and the Centre for Judicial Archives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Jyoti Prakash |date=2023-05-12 |title='Centre For Judicial Archives': Odisha's Judicial Data Repository Celebrates First Anniversary |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/centre-for-judicial-archives-orissa-high-court-celebrates-first-anniversary-228532 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> The Orissa High Court also introduced several schemes to strengthen the judicial system at the district level, including the resuscitation of the Annual District Judges’ Conference, introduction of the Lawyer of the Year Award<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Jyoti Prakash |date=2023-01-31 |title=Orissa High Court Notifies Scheme For 'Lawyer Of The Year Award' For Young Lawyers From District Courts |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/orissa-high-court-notifies-scheme-for-lawyer-of-the-year-award-2022-for-young-lawyers-from-district-bars-220369 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> and the setting up of Regional Judicial Academies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Jyoti Prakash |date=2023-05-15 |title=Supreme Court Judge Justice Surya Kant Inaugurates Regional Judicial Academies At Five Different Districts Of Odisha |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/regional-judicial-academies-inauguration-odisha-justice-surya-kant-228741 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> The High Court also published the various initiatives in its Annual Report, which served as a model for other High Courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NETWORK |first=LIVELAW NEWS |date=2023-08-07 |title='I Consider Myself Most Fortunate To Have Been Sent To Odisha As Its Chief Justice': CJ Muralidhar Retires |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/orissa-high-court/justice-muralidhar-retirement-farewell-speech-orissa-high-court-234619?from-login=182018 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Retirement ===
Justice Muralidhar demitted office as the Chief Justice of Orissa High Court on 7 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohanty |first=Debabrata |date=8 August 2023 |title=Justice Muralidhar retires as Orissa HC chief justice |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/orissa-high-court-chief-justice-dr-s-muralidhar-bids-farewell-acknowledges-former-colleagues-in-emotional-speech-101691436407489.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> At the farewell organised by the Orissa High Court on his retirement, his colleague-judges, the staff of the High Court, and the lawyers expressed their adulation and admiration,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwEHhTl3LI0 |title=Farewell of Justice S Muralidhar, former CJ Orissa HC |date=2023-08-10 |last=Live Law |access-date=2024-10-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Easwar |first=Justice R. V. |date=2023-08-08 |title=A Tribute To Justice Muralidhar By Justice R V Easwar |url=https://www.livelaw.in/articles/justice-muralidhar-retirement-orissa-high-court-farewell-speech-234718 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> which was widely reported.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sucheta |date=2023-08-07 |title=Dr Justice S. Muralidhar: A Devoted Preserver of Rule of Law, retires |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2023/08/07/know-your-judge-dr-justice-s-muralidhar-cj-of-orissa-hc-preserver-rule-of-law-retires-legal-news/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=SCC Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghose |first=Sanjoy |date=2023-08-07 |title=Dr Justice S Muralidhar: India's Lincoln Lawyer and the boldest judge the Supreme Court never had |url=https://www.barandbench.com/columns/dr-justice-s-muralidhar-indias-lincoln-lawyer-turned-rockstar-judge |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref>

==== Gender discrimination and reproductive Health ====
Justice Muralidhar authored the judgment in ''Rajendra Grover v. Air India Ltd.'' (2007)<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Rajendra Grover And Ors. vs Air India Ltd. And Ors. on 8 October, 2007|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1697413/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> which dealt with gender discrimination in service conditions of cabin crew'','' where he held that "this Court also finds nothing arbitrary, unreasonable or irrational in the pre-1997 male cabin crew being asked to serve on a flight which has their female colleague" as an In-Flight Supervisor and observed that this has "enabled its female cabin crew to break the 'glass ceiling'."<ref name=":4" /> He also dealt with issue of reproductive health in ''Laxmi Mandal v. Deen Dayal Harinagar Hospital (2010)''<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|title=Laxmi Mandal vs Deen Dayal Harinagar Hospital & ... on 4 June, 2010|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/100550714/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> which highlighted the deficiencies in the implementation of a cluster of schemes, funded by the [[Government of India]], which were meant to reduce infant and maternal mortality, and the resultant systemic failure that lead to the denial of benefits to two mothers below the poverty line (BPL) during their pregnancy and immediately thereafter. In this judgement he deprecated the practice where "instead of making it easier for poor persons to avail of the benefits, the efforts at present seem to be to insist upon documentation to prove their status as 'poor' and 'disadvantaged'" and that "this onerous burden on them to prove that they are the persons in need of urgent medical assistance constitutes a major barrier to their availing of the services". He opined that "when it comes to the question of public health, no woman, more so a pregnant woman should be denied the facility of treatment at any stage irrespective of her social and economic background. This is the primary function in the public health services. This is where the inalienable [[right to health]] which is so inherent to the right to life gets enforced."<ref name=":15" />

==== Housing rights and urban planning ====
In ''Sudama Singh v. Government of Delhi'' (2010)<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Sudama Singh & Others vs Government Of Delhi & Anr. on 11 February, 2010|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/39539866/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> which dealt with resettlement of jhuggi (hutments) inhabitants, he was a part of the [[Division bench|Division Bench]] which held that the decision of the government that jhuggi (hutments) inhabitants "are on the 'Right of Way' and are, therefore, not entitled to relocation" as "illegal and unconstitutional". The Court further directed that the "State agencies will ensure that basic civic amenities, consistent with the rights to life and dignity of each of the citizens in the jhuggies, are available at the site of relocation".<ref name=":7" /> Similarly, in ''Ajay Maken & Ors. vs Union Of India (2019)'',<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Ajay Maken & Ors. vs Union Of India & Ors. on 18 March, 2019|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/159570569/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> a PIL which dealt with the forced eviction of 5,000 jhuggi (hutments) dwellers in 2015, he authored the judgment on behalf of the Division Bench which held that "a Court approached by persons complaining against forced eviction" should not view them as "encroachers" and illegal occupants of land, but rather to "require the agencies to first determine if the dwellers are eligible for rehabilitation in terms of the extant law and policy. Forced eviction of jhuggi dwellers, unannounced, in co-ordination with the other agencies, and without compliance with the above steps, would be contrary to the law". It was also held that "the [[right to housing]] is a bundle of rights not limited to a bare shelter over one's head. It includes the right to livelihood, right to health, right to education and [[right to food]], including right to clean drinking water, sewerage and transport facilities." The Court further acknowledged that "the right to adequate housing is a right to access several facets that preserve the capability of a person to enjoy the freedom to live in the city. They recognise such persons as rights bearers whose full panoply of constitutional guarantees require recognition, protection and enforcement."<ref name=":12" />

==== Criminal law ====
He also authored the Judgement in ''Kulwinder v. State (NCT of Delhi)'' (2018),<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=High Court Judgment on Mirchpur Dalit Killings of 2010|url=https://hrln.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Final-Order-Judgment-DHC-Mirchpur-Case.pdf|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026164631/https://hrln.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Final-Order-Judgment-DHC-Mirchpur-Case.pdf|archive-date=October 26, 2019|access-date=March 11, 2020}}</ref> where the High Court set aside the trial court verdict and held that the [[Mirchpur#Mirchpur Dalit killings incident|Mirchpur Dalit killing incident]] of 2010 was "an instance of caste based violence" where there was "deliberate targeting" of setting houses on fire in a "pre-planned and carefully orchestrated manner", and thus a case of murder.<ref name=":8" /> In ''State v. Bharat Singh (2014)''<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|title=State vs Bharat Singh on 17 April, 2014|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/162493449/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> which dealt with death penalty and in particular sentencing guidelines, he held that when the State has failed to place materials on the aspect of whether the accused is capable of being reformed and rehabilitated before it, the Courts can also call for a report from the Probation Officer and thereafter examine whether the accused is likely to indulge in criminal activity or whether there is any probability of the accused being reformed or rehabilitated. Thus he opined that "for the purposes of reference proceedings for confirmation of the death sentence under Section 366 of the [[Code of Criminal Procedure (India)|CrPC]], the criminal Court would include the High Courts as well". Consequently, the High Court proceeded to direct the appointment of a Probation Officer with specific guidelines for inquiry.<ref name=":16" />

==== Constitutional law ====
In ''Naz Foundation v. NCT of Delhi'' (2009)<ref name=":5" /> he was part of the [[Division bench|Division Bench]] which held that "[[Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code|Section 377 IPC]], insofar as it criminalises consensual sexual acts of adults in private, is violative of Articles 21, 14 and 15 of the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]]".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/100472805/|title=Naz Foundation vs Government Of Nct Of Delhi And ... on 2 July, 2009|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> He was also part of the Full Bench in ''Secretary General, Supreme Court v. Subhash Chandra Agarwal'' (2010),<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1342199/|title=Secretary General, Supreme Court ... vs Subhash Chandra Agarwal on 12 January, 2010|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> where the Court ruled in favour of an RTI activist who had sought supply of information concerning declaration of personal assets by the Judges of the Supreme Court by holding that such "information does not warrant the protection granted by [https://indiankanoon.org/doc/758550/ Section 8(1)(j)]" of the [[Right to Information Act, 2005|Right to Information Act]].<ref name=":6" /> He authored the judgment in ''Makemytrip (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India''<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|title=Makemytrip (India) Pvt Ltd vs Union Of India & Ors on 1 September, 2016|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/183692293/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> which dealt with questions involving the powers of tax officials of arrest, investigation and assessment of service tax under the provisions of the Finance Act,1994, where he held that "the decision to arrest a person must not be taken on whimsical grounds; it must be based on 'credible material'." He also held that an officer whether of the Central Excise department or another agency like the DGCEI, authorised to exercise powers under the Central Excise Act and/or the [[Finance Act (India)|Finance Act]] "will have to be conscious of the constitutional limitations on the exercise of such power."<ref name=":17" /> He also authored the judgement on behalf of the Division Bench in ''Gautam Navlakha v. State (NCT of Delhi)'' (2018),<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Gautam Navlakha vs State (Nct Of Delhi) & Ors on 1 October, 2018|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/199736728/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> where the Court quashed the transit warrant issued by a Delhi Magistrate for the arrest of [[Gautam Navlakha]] by the [[Maharashtra Police|Maharashtra police]] in relation to the Bhima Koregaon case. There the Court held that "requirement of Article 22 (1), Article 22 (2) of the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] and Section 167<ref>{{Cite web|title=Section 167 in The Code Of Criminal Procedure, 1973|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1687975/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> read with Section 57<ref>{{Cite web|title=Section 57 in The Code Of Criminal Procedure, 1973|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/571025/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> and 41 (1) (ba) of the [[Code of Criminal Procedure (India)|CrPC]]" are mandatory.<ref name=":9" />

==== International law ====
During a discussion with [[Sandra Fredman]] on her book Comparative Human Rights Law, Justice Muralidhar expressed his views on the need for linkage of International Covenants, particularly those ratified by India, in the context of Indian cases and that he endeavored to express these linkages in his judgments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comparative Human Rights Law Book Launch: Sandy Fredman in Conversation with Justice S. Muralidhar|url=https://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/media/comparative-human-rights-law-book-launch-sandy-fredman-in-conversation-with-justice-s-muralidhar/|date=2019-12-13|website=OHRH|language=en|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> While authoring the judgement on behalf of the Division Bench in ''Zulfikar Nasir v. State Of Uttar Pradesh'' (2018),<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Zulfikar Nasir & Ors. vs State Of Uttar Pradesh & Ors. on 31 October, 2018|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/113980221/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> which dealt with the [[Hashimpura massacre|Hashimpura Massacre]] of 1987 where the High Court convicted 16 personnel of the [[Provincial Armed Constabulary|PAC]] and sentenced them to life imprisonment by overturning the trial court verdict, he referred to the "General Comment on the Right to Truth in relation to enforced disappearances" put out by the "United Nations Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances" in relation to the "right of the victim to know the truth".<ref name=":10" /> Similarly in ''State through CBI v. Sajjan Kumar'' (2018),<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=State Through Cbi vs Sajjan Kumar & Ors on 17 December, 2018|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/4190613/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> he authored the Judgment on behalf of the Division Bench which reversed the acquittal of [[Sajjan Kumar]] for his role during the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|1984 Sikh Massacre]]. The High Court went on to hold that the such cases were in fact "crimes against humanity" and require a different approach to be adopted by the Courts. Further the Court observed that this calls for "strengthening the legal system as neither 'crimes against humanity' nor 'genocide' is part of our domestic law of crime. This loophole needs to be addressed urgently".<ref name=":11" />

==== Other notable cases ====

===== Arbitration =====

* ''Intertoll ICS Cecons O & M Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. National Highways Authority of India (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intertoll Ics Cecons. O & M Co. Pvt. ... vs National Highways Authority Of ... on 4 February, 2013|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/132001300/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>''
* ''M/S. Lanco-Rani (JV) v. NHAI (2016)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=M/S. Lanco-Rani (Jv) vs National Highways Authority Of ... on 6 December, 2016|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/89808777/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>
* ''Gulshan Khatri v. Google Inc.(2017)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gulshan Khatri vs Google Inc. on 20 March, 2017|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/33122156/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>

===== Administrative law =====

* ''Prakash Atlanta JV v. NHAI (2010)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prakash Atlanta Jv & Ors. vs National Highways Authority Of ... on 5 February, 2010|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/128306915/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>
* CCI v. Grasim Industries (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Competition Commission Of India vs M/S. Grasim Industries Ltd. on 12 September, 2019|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/8815488/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>

===== Intellectual property law =====

* ''Banyan Tree Holding (P) Limited v. A. Murali Krishna Reddy (2009)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banyan Tree Holding (P) Limited vs A. Murali Krishna Reddy & Anr. on 23 November, 2009|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/151685239/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>
* ''F. Hoffmann-LA Roche Ltd. v. Cipla Ltd. (2009)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. & Anr. vs Cipla Ltd. on 24 April, 2009|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/131401110/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>
* ''Bayer Corporation v. Union of India (2010)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bayer Corporation & Anr vs Union Of India & Ors on 9 February, 2010|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1123372/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>''
* ''Nippon Steel Corporation v. Union of India (2011)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nippon Steel Corporation vs Union Of India on 8 February, 2011|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/75686456/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>

===== Service and labour law =====

* ''Builders Association of India v. Union of India (2007)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Builders Association Of India And ... vs Union Of India (Uoi) And Ors. Etc. ... on 28 February, 2007|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1900557/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>
* ''National Campaign for Dignity and Rights of Sewerage and Allied Workers v. MCD (2008)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dignity and Rights of the Sewerage and Allied Workers|url=http://hrln.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/dignity-and-rights-of-the-sewerage.pdf|last=Bhoi|first=Sarita|date=|website=HRLN|pages=48–106|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504135742/http://hrln.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/dignity-and-rights-of-the-sewerage.pdf|archive-date=4 May 2020|access-date=4 May 2020}}</ref>''
* ''Dev Sharma v. Union of India (2019)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dev Sharma vs Indo Tibetan Border Police & Anr. on 31 January, 2019|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/181271573/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>
* ''Shambhu Sharma v. High Court of Delhi (2019)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shambhu Sharma And Ors. vs High Court Of Delhi Thr. Its ... on 29 November, 2019|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/26647951/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>

===== Taxation =====

* ''CIT v. Kabul Chawla (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commissioner Of Income Tax ... vs Kabul Chawla on 28 August, 2015|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/54129882/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>''
* ''Carlsberg India Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carlsberg India Private Limited vs Union Of India & Ors. on 5 August, 2016|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/76799957/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>''
* ''CIT v. Janata Party (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commissioner Of Income Tax, ... vs Janata Party on 23 March, 2016|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/66268763/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>''
*''CIT v. Indian National Congress (2016)''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Commissioner of Income Tax Delhi-XI vs Indian National Congress (I) / All India Congress Committee|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/172984876/|access-date=16 December 2020|website=}}</ref>
* ''DIT (Exemptions) v. Vishwa Hindu Parishad (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Director Of Income Tax ... vs Vishwa Hindu Parishad on 8 May, 2017|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/40795690/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>''
* ''On Quest Merchandising India Pvt. Ltd. v. GNCTD (2017) <ref>{{Cite web|title=On Quest Merchandising India Pvt. ... vs Government Of Nct Of Delhi & Ors. on 26 October, 2017|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/10457263/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref>''

== Personal life ==
S. Muralidhar is married to [[Usha Ramanathan]], an independent law researcher.<ref name=":3" />

== Publications ==
# ''Law, Poverty and Legal Aid: Access to Criminal Justice'', a book published by LexisNexis Butterworths in August 2004.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Muralidhar|first=S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xP9vAAAACAAJ|title=Law, Poverty, and Legal Aid: Access to Criminal Justice|date=2004|publisher=LexisNexis Butterworth|isbn=978-81-8038-062-4|language=en}}</ref>
#The Case of Agra Protective Home. Amita Dhanda & Archana Parasher (eds), ''Engendering Law: Essays in Honour of Lotika Sarkar'', 1999, Eastern Book Company, pp 291–320.
#Justice to Scavengers. ''Labour File'', Vol 3/6, November–December 2005, pp 25–28.
#The Right to Water: An Overview of Indian Legal Regime. Eibe Riedel & Peter Rothen (eds), ''The Human Right to Water, Berliner WissenschaftsVerlag'', 2006, pp 65–81.
#Implementation of Court orders in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: An overview of the experience of the Indian Judiciary. ''Delhi Law Review'', Vol XXIV, 2002, pp 113–122.
#Economic, Social & Cultural Rights: An Indian Response to the Justiciability Debate. Yash Ghai & Jill Cottrell (eds), ''Economic, Social & Cultural Rights in Practice: The Role of Judges in Implementing Economic, Social and Cultural Rights'', Interights, 2004, pp 23–32.
#Unsettling Truths, Untold tales the Bhopal Gas Disaster Victims 'Twenty years' of Courtroom Struggles for Justice. ''International Environmental Law Research Centre Working Paper'', 2004/5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/w0405.pdf|title=Unsettling Truths, Untold tales the Bhopal Gas Disaster Victims 'Twenty years' of Courtroom Struggles for Justice|last=|first=|date=|website=India Environment Portal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325092922/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/w0405.pdf|archive-date=March 25, 2020|access-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref>
#Judicial Enforcement of Economic and Social Rights:The Indian Scenario. Fons Coomans (ed), ''Justiciability of Economic and Social Rights: Experiences from Domestic Systems'', Intersentia, 2006, pp 237–267.
#India: The Expectations and Challenges of Judicial Enforcement of Social Rights. Malcolm Langford (ed), ''Social Rights Jurisprudence: Emerging Trends in International and Comparative Law'', Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp 102–124.
#Public Interest Litigation: Prospects and Problems (with Ashok Desai). BN Kirpal et al. (eds), ''Supreme But Not Infallible : Essays in Honour of the Supreme Court of India'', OUP, 2000, pp 159–192.
#Trials, Errors and Hope: Indian Experiments with Access to Justice. ''Journal of National Judicial Academy'', Vol 1:2005, pp 350–389.
#Access to Criminal Justice: Challenges and Prospects. Kamala Sankaran & Uljwal Kumar Singh (eds), ''Towards Legal Literacy: An Introduction to Law in India'', OUP, 2008, pp 45–60.
#Hang Them Now, Hang Them Not: lndia's Travails with Death Penalty. ''Journal of the Indian Law Institute'', Vol 40, 1998, pp 143–173.
#Rights of victims in the Indian Criminal Justice system. ''Journal of the NHRC'', Vol. 2, 2003, pp. 88–104.
#Legal vs. Commercial Liability - Motor lnsurance and the Law. ''IRDA Journal'', Vol. II, No.3, February 2004, pp 22–24.
#Jurisdictional Issues in Cyberspace. ''Indian Journal of Law and Technology'', Vol 6, 2010, pp 1–42.
#Crime, Punishment and Justice in India: The Trajectories of Criminal Law. ''Annual Lecture Series in Criminal Law, 2018'', Project 39A, National Law University Delhi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Inaugural Annual Lecture: Crime, Punishment and Justice in India (2018)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoCg-7tTyZo|language=en|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muralidhar, S.}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Orissa High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Delhi High Court]]

N. Rajagopalan Nair

2026-04-20T05:23:47Z

Akash Arora: added

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = N. Rajagopalan Nair
| image =
| birth_name =
| image_size =
| caption =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Pathanapuram (State Assembly constituency)|Pathanapuram]]
| term_start = 16 March 1957
| term_end = 31 July 1959
| predecessor = Position Established
| successor = [[R. Balakrishna Pillai]]
| salary =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|5|10|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|1|2|1925|5|10|df=y}}
| death_place =
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| father =
| mother =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 28 November
| year = 2011
| source = http://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m542.htm Niyamasabha
}}

'''N. Rajagopalan Nair''' (10 May 1925 – 2 January 1993) was an Indian politician and leader of [[Communist Party of India]]. He represented [[Pathanapuram (State Assembly constituency)|Pathanapuram]] constituency in 1st [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]. He was also member at [[1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election|Travancore Cochin Legislative Assembly]] from 1952 to 1954.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m542.htm|title=Members – Kerala Legislature|website=niyamasabha.org}}</ref>

A law graduate, he joined the Congress in 1940. He was active in student politics, later joined the Income Tax Department. However, he was soon fired and had to serve time in prison in 1949–50. He was the Punalur Grama Panchayat President and trade union leader, was above all a Harikatha artist.<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]

{{Kerala-CPIndia-politician-stub}}

Kuldeep Singh Rathore

2026-04-19T23:33:30Z

Akash Arora: Made the biography basic info - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kuldeep Singh Rathore
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|08|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Himachal Pradesh University]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 8 December 2022
| predecessor = [[Rakesh Singha]]
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Theog (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Theog]]
| office1 = '''National Spokesperson''' of [[All India Congress Committee]]
| term_start1 = 27 April 2021
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| 1blankname1 = National President
| 1namedata1 = [[Sonia Gandhi]](Interim) [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| office2 = '''President''' of [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| 1blankname2 = National President
| 1namedata2 = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| term_start2 = 11 January 2019
| term_end2 = 26 April 2022
| predecessor2 = [[Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu]]
| successor2 = [[Pratibha Singh]]
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| committees =
| signature =
| footnotes =
| year =
| source =
| occupation = Politician, advocate
| spouse = Tripta Rathore
| children = one son and one daughter
}}

'''Kuldeep Singh Rathore''' (born 29 August 1960) is an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress]]. He is a member of the 14th [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], representing [[Theog Assembly constituency|Theog-Kumarsain Assembly constituency]]<ref name="elections">{{cite web|title=Kuldeep Singh Rathore wins from Theog |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/himachal-pradesh/hp-elections-former-congress-state-chief-kuldeep-rathore-wins-kumarsain-theog/articleshow/96086507.cms |work=Economic Times}}</ref> of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

He was the president of the [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]] from 2019 to 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuldeep Singh Rathore appointed new HPCC chief |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kuldeep-singh-rathore-appointed-himachal-pradesh-congress-chief-1428218-2019-01-10 |work=India Today}}</ref>

He was appointed National Spokesperson of [[All India Congress Committee]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuldeep Singh Rathore appointed aicc spokesperson |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/former-himachal-congress-chief-kuldeep-rathore-appointed-aicc-spokesperson-389888 |work=The Tribune}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Kuldeep Singh Rathore, born on August 29, 1960, in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, is a distinguished personality known for his contributions as an advocate, horticulturist, and active political figure.

He holds a Master's degree and a Bachelor of Laws from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Kuldeep Singh Rathore is married to Smt. Tripta Rathore, and the couple has one son and one daughter.

== Legal career ==
Kuldeep Singh Rathore's legal acumen has been evident through various roles, including serving as the Additional Standing Counsel for the Government of India from 1992 to 2000. He continued his legal journey as the Senior Standing Counsel for the Government of India from 2004 to 2015. Rathore also held the position of Senior Counsel at the Armed Forces Tribunal from 2011 to 2016 and served as the Special Counsel for Railways. Additionally, he contributed his expertise as the Legal Advisor and Standing Counsel for HPSEBL.

== Political Journey ==
Kuldeep Singh Rathore's political journey is marked by active involvement in student politics and various leadership roles within the Congress party. He held significant positions such as the President of NSUI at Government College Shimla and later at the district and state levels. Rathore served as the General Secretary of NSUI, H.P. Unit, and as the Senior General Secretary of H.P. Youth Congress. His commitment to the legal aspects of the Congress party is evident through his roles as Co-convenor of H.P. Congress Legal Cell and Secretary of HPCC, among others.

His political journey continued with responsibilities such as being the District Returning Officer for Party Elections in District Kangra, Polling Agent for the President of AICC, Party Observer for various constituencies, and serving as a Member of AICC.

Kuldeep Singh Rathore held the crucial position of President of HPCC from 2019 to 2022, and currently, he contributes as the Spokesperson for AICC from 2022 onwards.

== Legislative Role ==
In December 2022, Kuldeep Singh Rathore was elected to the State Legislative Assembly. He has been nominated as a Member of the Estimates and Library, Research & Reference Committees, showcasing his continued commitment to public service.

== Languages known ==
Kuldeep Singh Rathore is proficient in Hindi and English, which contributes to effective communication in his legal, political, and public service roles.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Kuldeep Singh}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Presidents of Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
[[Category:People from Shimla]]

Indira Rasoi

2026-04-19T16:31:48Z

Akash Arora: Made the post more to come - done

{{Short description|Rajasthan initiative for food security}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Indira Rasoi
| logo =
| image = Valmiki basti canteen Bikaner.jpg
| image_caption = Indira Rasoi in Bikaner, 2013
| type = [[Government of Rajasthan|Government-owned- Restaurant]]
| founder = [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| area_served = [[Rajasthan]]
| industry = Restaurant services
| genre = Indian Vegetarian Cuisine
| products = Food
| services = Subsidised low cost food
| revenue = Non-profit organisation
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| owner = [[Government of Rajasthan|Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies]], [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| num_employees = Not known.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-10 |title=Rajasthan's Indira Rasoi is a success story |work=The Print|url=https://theprint.in/feature/rajasthans-indira-rasoi-is-a-success-story-9-crore-thalis-since-2020/1425101/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| parent =
| subsid =
| slogan =
| footnotes =
| foundation = {{start date and age|2020|8|20}}
| location_city = [[Jaipur]][[Jodhpur]][[Bikaner]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| num_locations = 1038<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://jansoochna.rajasthan.gov.in/Services/DynamicControls|title=Jan Soochna Portal|website=jansoochna.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>
| location =
| dissolved =
| rating =
| website =
}}

The '''Indira Rasoi''' scheme provides subisidized food to anyone who wants it at Rs. 8 per meal in the Indian state of Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jansoochna.rajasthan.gov.in/Services?q=l7aag+q8+mx7+U42u/cCR6xBa71R64lDRb5GUigha1ejcB3mQfpSdq38RdTskorI7LRZ1ZT09XA=|title=Jan Soochna Portal|website=jansoochna.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref> The state began the program in August 2020 during the pandemic lockdown.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rajasthan-to-launch-indira-rasoi-yojana-for-the-poor/article31901897.ece|title=Rajasthan to launch Indira Rasoi Yojana for the poor|date=June 23, 2020|website=The Hindu}}</ref> The scheme began in 213 Urban Local Bodies and was expanded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indira-rasoi-scheme-launched-in-rajasthan-for-affordable-food-to-needy-all-you-need-to-know/story-eGsAyDiCHmMar8vAMqLdKM.html|title=Indira Rasoi scheme launched in Rajasthan for affordable food to needy: All you need to know|date=August 20, 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Rasoi means kitchen in [[Hindi]]. The program is subsidized by the state government. The canteens get Rs. 17 from the state government per meal.

==Overview==
The number of canteens increased from around 200 in 2020 to over 1000 in 2023.<ref name="auto" /> In the budget of 2023-23, the state government announced that the scheme would be expanded to rural areas.<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/elections/rajasthan-elections/rajasthan-elections-2023-villages-to-receive-meals-at-rs-8-under-the-indira-rasoi-scheme-123091000323_1.html</ref> From 2020-2023, the canteens were in the various Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) of the state.

The canteens are located to easily reach people who might be in need of assistance. This includes bus stands, railway stations, night shelters, hospitals, university and college premises, krishi Mandis, fruit Mandis, vegetable Mandis, labour chocks (i.e., where daily wage labourers stand to wait for employers for the day) and so on.

Like its predecessors such as [[Amma Unavagam]] in Tamil Nadu, Indira canteens in Karnataka, and ''dal-bhaat kendras'' in Jharkhand, the scheme is popular. These community kitchens or canteens played a crucial role during the lockdowns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dal-bhaat-centres-didi-kitchens-how-jharkhand-feeds-8-lakh-people-daily-6368866/|title=Dal Bhaat centres, Didi kitchens: How Jharkhand feeds 8 lakh people daily|date=April 19, 2020}}</ref> World over, [[food banks]], canteens, community kitchens are critical in dealing with food insecurity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/801742/community-kitchens-an-idea-whose-time-has-come|title=Community kitchens: An idea whose time has come|first=Reetika|last=Khera|date=January 22, 2016|website=Scroll.in}}</ref>

Other state experiments include [[Anna Canteen]]s in Andhra Pradesh,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abraham |first=Dr Mutluri |date=September 1, 2019 |title=NTR Anna Canteens: A Boon to Urban Poor of Andhra Pradesh, India |url=https://journal-repository.theshillonga.com/index.php/ijels/article/view/138 |journal=International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences |volume=4 |issue=4 |via=journal-repository.theshillonga.com}}</ref> Jhunka Bhakar Kendras in Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2019 |title=Pune: Jhunka Bhakar Kendra makes way for metro station |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/jhunka-bhakar-kendra-makes-way-for-metro-stn/articleshow/71872285.cms |via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> Aahar kendras in Odisha and Annapurna canteens in Chhattisgarh <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand's community kitchens: Making a mockery of food security? |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/food/jharkhand-s-community-kitchens-making-a-mockery-of-food-security--66962 |website=www.downtoearth.org.in}}</ref> are some such initiatives in India <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2016 |title=Soup kitchens are a silver lining for urban poor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/blogs/soup-kitchens-are-a-silver-lining-for-urban-poor-food-security-drought-2774635/}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Amma Unavagam]], a similar scheme in [[Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Anna Canteen]], a similar scheme in [[Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[Amma Kudineer]]
* [[Ahar Yojana]], a similar scheme in [[Odisha]]
* [[Indira Canteens]], a similar scheme in [[Karnataka]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government schemes in Rajasthan]]

Chegondi Harirama Jogaiah

2026-04-19T02:35:58Z

Akash Arora: created the stub initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1937)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chegondi Harirama Jogaiah
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1937|04|05|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Palakollu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Narasapur (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Narasapur]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 2 June 2004
| term_end = 6 November 2008
| predecessor = [[Venkata Krishnam Raju Uppalapati]]
| successor = [[Kanumuri Bapiraju]]
| office1 = [[Second N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Minister of Home Affairs]] [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term1 = 1984 - 1985
| governor1 = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] [[Kumudben Joshi]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| predecessor1 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| office2 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| constituency2 = [[Palakollu (Assembly constituency)|Palakollu]]
| term_start2 = 1989
| term_end2 = 1994
| predecessor2 = [[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]
| successor2 = [[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]
| constituency3 = [[Narasapuram (Assembly constituency)|Narasapuram]]
| term_start3 = 1983
| term_end3 = 1989
| predecessor3 = Parakala Seshavatharam
| successor3 = [[Allu Venkata Satyanarayana]]
| constituency4 = [[Palakollu (Assembly constituency)|Palakollu]]
| term_start4 = 1972
| term_end4 = 1977
| predecessor4 = Polisetty Seshavataram
| successor4 = Vardhimeedi Satyanarayana
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1972-1983) (1989-2008) [[Telugu Desam Party]] (1983-1989) [[Praja Rajyam Party]] (2008-2012) [[YSR Congress Party]] (2012-2014)
| spouse = Leelavathi
| children = 5 sons
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 12 May
| year = 2006
| source = http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=4018
}}

'''Chegondi Harirama Jogaiah''' (born 5 April 1937) is an Indian politician. He served as the [[List of home ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Home Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4FDAAAAYAAJ&q=Harirama+Jogaiah+%C2%A0home+minister |title=Data India |date=1990 |publisher=Press Institute of India |pages=441 |language=en}}</ref> He was a member of the [[14th Lok Sabha]] (2004{{En dash}}2009) representing the [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapuram]] constituency. He also served as an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] four times {{Em dash}} [[Palakollu Assembly constituency|Palakollu]] for two terms in [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] and [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] and [[Narasapuram Assembly constituency|Narasapuram]] for two terms in [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]] and [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]].<ref name="result">{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1983 |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1983-election-results.html |access-date=27 July 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election1985">{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 1985 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4049-andhra-pradesh-1985/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

Harirama Jogaiah resigned from Lok Sabha and Congress membership on 18 August 2008 and joined [[Praja Rajyam Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2008 |title=Why is everyone afraid of Chiranjeevi? |url=https://specials.rediff.com/news/2008/sep/08sld2.htm |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Later, he resigned from Praja Rajyam Party and joined [[YSR Congress Party]], and in March 2014 he resigned from YSR Congress Party. Now he is not active in politics.

Harirama Jogaiah released his political autobiography on 1 November 2015 titled "60 Vasantala Naa Rajakeeya Prasthanam" where he wrote all his political experiences till now. The book is released by NTR's daughter [[Daggubati Purandeswari|Daggubati Purandheswari]] and he dedicated his book to NTR. Film [[lyricist]] [[Ananta Sriram|Anantha Sriram]] is his relative.<ref>{{Citation |title=Chegondi Harirama Jogaiah Open Heart With RK {{!}} Season 2 - Episode 25 {{!}} 8 November 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXOplE4CxWo&t=324s |publisher=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |language=en}}; Event occurs from 5:24 to 5:40</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071219124604/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=4018 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jogaiah, Chegondi Venkata Harirama}}
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Praja Rajyam Party politicians]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Palakollu]]
[[Category:Home ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]

{{AndhraPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}

Kasrawad Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:49:51Z

Akash Arora: Made first article first draft - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kasrawad
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 184
| map_image = 184-Kasrawad.svg
| mla = [[Sachin Yadav (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Sachin Yadav]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Atma Ram Patel
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Khargone district|Khargone]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Khargone Lok Sabha constituency|Khargone]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = None
}}

'''Kasrawad Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is part of [[Khargone district]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Bankim Joshi
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|rowspan=2 | Ramesh Chandra Mandloi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Gajanand Jinwala
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|rowspan=3 | [[Subhash Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Atma Ram Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|rowspan=3 |[[Sachin Yadav (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Sachin Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kasrawad<ref name="BJP Candidates MP 2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-announces-candidates-for-39-assembly-seats-in-madhya-pradesh-3-months-ahead-of-state-election-101692298341918.html|title=BJP releases first list of candidates for 39 seats in MP|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=18 August 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sachin Yadav (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Sachin Yadav]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:102761}}
|percentage = 50.17
|change = +1.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Atmaram Patel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:97089}}
|percentage = 47.4
|change = +1.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1656}}
|percentage = 0.81
|change = -0.78
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5672}}
|percentage = 2.77
|change = -0.39
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:204814}}
|percentage = 86.0
|change = +2.58
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kasrawad<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Sachin Yadav (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Sachin Yadav]]
|votes = {{formatnum:86070}}
|percentage = 49.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Atmaram Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:80531}}
|percentage = 45.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ajay Jagdish Patidar (Patel)
|votes = {{formatnum:1666}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Gajanand Sawner
|votes = {{formatnum:1659}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2793}}
|percentage = 1.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5539}}
|percentage = 3.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:175403}}
|percentage = 83.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kasrawad<ref name="election2013"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Sachin Yadav (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Sachin Yadav]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 79685
|percentage = 50.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Atmaram Patel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 67880
|percentage = 42.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Atmaram Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1908
|percentage = 1.20
|change = N/A
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Bhagawan Badole
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1618
|percentage = 1.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Comrade Mangilal Nihal
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 1216
|percentage = 0.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Kamal Chouhan
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1165
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ravaram Mina
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1059
|percentage = 0.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Parasram Yadav
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 585
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3572
|percentage = 2.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 158688
|percentage = 81.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Kasrawad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|22.12|75.61|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Khargone district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Narwana Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:49:10Z

Akash Arora: done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Narwana
| type = SLA
| map_image = Narwana Assembly constituency map.svg
| region =
| division =
| constituency_no = 38
| established = 
| abolished = 
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district = [[Jind district|Jind]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Krishan Kumar (Narwana politician)|Krishan Kumar]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| alliance = 
| latest_election_year = 
| electors = 2,24,251
}}
'''Narwana''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Haryana]] state in [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}</ref>

It is part of [[Jind district|Jind]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. It was made SC seat in 2009.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narwana Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/narwana.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || [[Shamsher Singh Surjewala]]|| {{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || Neki Ram Sheokand || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Gauri Shankar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2 | [[Shamsher Singh Surjewala]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Tek Chand Nain || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || [[Shamsher Singh Surjewala]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1993^ || [[Om Prakash Chautala]]|| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || [[Randeep Surjewala]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || [[Om Prakash Chautala]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || [[Randeep Surjewala]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan=2 | [[Pirthi Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Ramniwas Surjakhera]]|| {{Full party name with color|Jannayak Janta Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Krishan Kumar (Narwana politician)|Krishan Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana<ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Narwana">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Narwana |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0738.htm |accessdate=1 November 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Kumar (Narwana politician)|Krishan Kumar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=59,474 |percentage=37.22% |change={{increase}}5.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satbir Dablain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=47,975 |percentage=30.02% |change={{increase}}20.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vidya Rani Danoda |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=46,303 |percentage=28.97% |change={{increase}}26.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Ranga |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=2,374 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Danoda |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=1,547 |percentage=0.97% |change={{decrease}}50.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=460 |percentage=0.29% |change={{decrease}}0.14 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,499 |percentage=7.20% |change= {{decrease}}12.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,59,810 |percentage=71.21% |change= {{decrease}}1.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,24,251 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.00 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jannayak Janta Party |swing= {{decrease}}14.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ramniwas Surjakhera|Ram Niwas]] |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=79,578 |percentage=51.91% |change=new }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Rani |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=48,886 |percentage=31.89% |change={{decrease}}9.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vidya Rani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,045 |percentage=9.16% |change={{increase}}2.7 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sushil Kumar |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=3,334 |percentage=2.17% |change={{decrease}}45.1 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharmvir |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,473 |percentage=1.61% |change={{increase}}0.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vakeel Rashila |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=1,388 |percentage=0.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh |party=Independent politician |votes=916 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=30,692 |percentage=20.02% |change= {{increase}}14.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,53,312 |percentage=73.09% |change= {{decrease}}8.81 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,09,756 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.54 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jannayak Janta Party |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{increase}}4.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pirthi Singh]]|party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=72,166 |percentage=47.28% |change={{decrease}}5.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Rani |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=63,014 |percentage=41.28% |change={{increase}}38.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vidya Rani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,869 |percentage=6.47% |change={{decrease}}28.9 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikramjeet |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,374 |percentage=0.90% |change={{decrease}}4.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,108 |percentage=0.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Ram |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,011 |percentage=0.66% |change={{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir |party=Independent politician |votes=847 |percentage=0.55% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,152 |percentage=6.00% |change= {{decrease}}10.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,52,650 |percentage=81.90% |change= {{increase}}5.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,86,391 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}5.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pirthi Singh]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=63,703 |percentage=52.31% |change={{increase}}5.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramphal lot |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,063 |percentage=35.36% |change={{decrease}}13.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Bhaj |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=6,294 |percentage=5.17% |change={{increase}}4.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Paul Toor |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=3,176 |percentage=2.61% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwati Parsad |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,033 |percentage=2.49% |change={{increase}}1.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sat Pal Sarowa |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,162 |percentage=0.95% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,640 |percentage=16.95% |change= {{increase}}15.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,21,776 |percentage=76.16% |change= {{decrease}}11.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,59,904 |ref = |change= {{increase}}29.67 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Randeep Surjewala]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=52,813 |percentage=48.97% |change={{increase}}3.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Om Prakash Chautala]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=50,954 |percentage=47.24% |change={{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,086 |percentage=1.01% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hoshiar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=873 |percentage=0.81% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birbal Dass |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=642 |percentage=0.60% |change={{decrease}}2.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender |party=Independent politician |votes=547 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,859 |percentage=1.72% |change= {{decrease}}0.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,07,851 |percentage=87.46% |change= {{increase}}10.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,23,315 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.53 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{increase}}0.83 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Om Prakash Chautala]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=41,923 |percentage=48.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Randeep Singh Surjewala]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,729 |percentage=45.62% |change={{increase}}12.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,671 |percentage=3.07% |change={{increase}}1.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bharat Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=1,274 |percentage=1.46% |change={{decrease}}30.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pawan Kumar |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,088 |percentage=1.25% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,194 |percentage=2.52% |change= {{increase}}1.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,088 |percentage=78.00% |change= {{decrease}}1.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,12,586 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.99 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}15.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Randeep Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,286 |percentage=32.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Parkash |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=27,437 |percentage=31.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Om Prakash Chautala]] S/O Devi Lal |party=Samata Party |votes=25,783 |percentage=29.74% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash S/O Kapur Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,310 |percentage=1.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok |party=Independent politician |votes=694 |percentage=0.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sube Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=439 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=849 |percentage=0.98% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=86,687 |percentage=81.04% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,10,384 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly By-election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Haryana Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Janata Party |votes=47,297 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Randeep Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,342 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,955 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Singh S/O Ganga Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,445 |percentage=34.39% |change={{increase}}5.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gauri Shanker |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=16,284 |percentage=23.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand S/O Risala |party=Janata Party |votes=15,609 |percentage=22.90% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand S/O Amilal |party=Independent politician |votes=4,001 |percentage=5.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwant S/O Ram Sarup |party=Independent politician |votes=3,019 |percentage=4.43% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birbal Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=1,880 |percentage=2.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranbir Kaur |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,548 |percentage=2.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Pal |party=Independent politician |votes=332 |percentage=0.49% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,161 |percentage=10.50% |change= {{decrease}}28.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=68,176 |percentage=73.60% |change= {{decrease}}7.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,313 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.05 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}33.96 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Lokdal |votes=48,741 |percentage=68.35% |change={{increase}}36.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,902 |percentage=29.31% |change={{decrease}}12.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dilbag |party=Independent politician |votes=565 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,839 |percentage=39.04% |change= {{increase}}29.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,312 |percentage=78.74% |change= {{decrease}}2.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,682 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.49 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,672 |percentage=41.55% |change={{increase}}19.5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Lokdal |votes=19,848 |percentage=32.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gori Shankar |party=Independent politician |votes=12,620 |percentage=20.43% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,930 |percentage=3.12% |change={{decrease}}0.5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranbir Kaur |party=Independent politician |votes=509 |percentage=0.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jhanda |party=Independent politician |votes=399 |percentage=0.65% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,824 |percentage=9.43% |change= {{increase}}7.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=61,780 |percentage=81.58% |change= {{increase}}9.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,375 |ref = |change= {{increase}}32.32 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}19.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,078 |percentage=22.05% |change={{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=8,242 |percentage=20.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jatender Kumar |party=Janata Party |votes=6,652 |percentage=16.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kali Ram Vakil |party=Independent politician |votes=6,602 |percentage=16.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kaliram Dairywala |party=Independent politician |votes=5,228 |percentage=12.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Gopal |party=Independent politician |votes=2,504 |percentage=6.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,493 |percentage=3.63% |change={{decrease}}0.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kapur Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=554 |percentage=1.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=313 |percentage=0.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pawan Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=235 |percentage=0.57% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=836 |percentage=2.03% |change= {{decrease}}1.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,165 |percentage=71.46% |change= {{decrease}}7.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,475 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}5.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing= {{decrease}}14.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gauri Shankar |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=17,482 |percentage=36.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Akhil Bhartiya Arya Sabha |votes=15,733 |percentage=32.54% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brinder Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,086 |percentage=22.93% |change={{decrease}}27.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender Nath |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,967 |percentage=4.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maman Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,139 |percentage=2.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ratti Ram |party=Republican Party of India |votes=603 |percentage=1.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nanu Mal |party=Independent politician |votes=333 |percentage=0.69% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,749 |percentage=3.62% |change= {{decrease}}13.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,343 |percentage=79.92% |change= {{increase}}15.44 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,683 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}14.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Neki Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,833 |percentage=50.92% |change={{increase}}4.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Singh |party=Swatantra Party |votes=11,685 |percentage=33.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sewa Singh |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes=4,293 |percentage=12.26% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Datt |party=Independent politician |votes=640 |percentage=1.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Kumari |party=Independent politician |votes=259 |percentage=0.74% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nannu Mal |party=Independent politician |votes=202 |percentage=0.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nathu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=110 |percentage=0.31% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,148 |percentage=17.55% |change= {{increase}}13.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,022 |percentage=64.31% |change= {{decrease}}14.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,653 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.07 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Republican Party of India |swing= {{increase}}1.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Narwana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Singh |party=Republican Party of India |votes=21,130 |percentage=49.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,611 |percentage=46.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Mal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,797 |percentage=4.22% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,519 |percentage=3.57% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,538 |percentage=80.95% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,063 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Republican Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Jind district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}

{{coord|29.59|76.12|display=title}}

[[Category:Jind district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Ailum

2026-04-15T15:29:16Z

Akash Arora: cleaned up content for accuracy and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ailum
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Ailum overview.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29|16|26|N|77|17|33|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shamli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Nagar Panchayat
| governing_body = Ailum Nagar Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 236.867
| population_total = 13052
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] and [[Khadiboli]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 247771
| registration_plate = UP 19
| website =
| footnotes =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Reena Panwar
| area_code = +91-1392
| area_code_type = Telephone Code
}}
'''Ailum,''' is [[Nagar panchayat]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NAGAR PANCHYAT AILUM {{!}} District Shamli, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://shamli.nic.in/public-utility/nagar-panchyat-ailum/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> town in [[Shamli district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], situated in the [[Doab|upper doab]] region of River [[Ganges|Ganga]] and [[Yamuna]]. It is located at a distance of 75 km from National Capital New Delhi and a part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region ('''NCR''')]] of India.

== Geography ==
Ailum is located at 29.17°N 77.17°E at an average elevation of 236.867 meters from sea level. The Postal Code (Zip Code) is<ref>{{Cite web |last=PinCodeArea |title=Postal Code: AILUM, Post Ailum SO (Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh) |url=https://pincodearea.in/AILUM-Pincode-PO-Ailum-SO |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=PinCodeArea |language=en}}</ref> 247771. Ailum is base town for surrounding villages [[Kaniyan, Shamli|Kaniyan]], Bharsi, Asara, Nala, Bhanera etc. for marketing, social and transport services to travel to major cities of the country.

== Demographics ==
At the<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census tables {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>[[2001 Census of India|2001 census of India]], Ailum had a population of 13,052. By the [[2011 Census of India]], the population had declined to 12,110 people across 2199 households. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%, and there is an average literacy rate of 67%. Ailum literacy rate is steadily increasing because better primary services and increasing transport facilities in this area. Many students from this town have been clearing engineering, medical and defence services examination and serving premium research institute of the country at various capacities. Majority youth from this town are serving the nation through state [[Law enforcement in India|police]], paramilitary forces and [[Indian Armed Forces|armed forces of India]]. Ailum town, back home, is mostly populated by farmers, mostly [[Hindu Jat]] and agriculture being the main occupation. Mostly town and surrounding village born children, by surname are [[Panwar]], a [[Jat]] clan found in Northern India.

== Transport ==
[[File:Ailum station.jpg|thumb|Ordinary day at Railway Station]]
Ailum is situated midway on the [[National Highway 709B (India)|National Highway 709B]] connecting Delhi to Saharanpur via Baghpat Baraut Shamli [DELHI – Baghpat – Baraut – Ailum – Kandhla – Shamli – Thana Bhawan – Jalalabad – Nanauta – SAHARANPUR ]. The above route is also accessible and connected by [[Broad Gauge]] Train Link (<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi to Shamli Trains |url=https://erail.in/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=erail.in |language=en}}</ref> Delhi Junction-Shamli-Saharanpur). There are multiple unreserved and express trains run between Delhi and Shamli and these trains are mostly used for daily commutation to/from Delhi. Ailum have regular bus service to nearby cities [[Baraut]], [[Shamli]], [[New Delhi]], [[Ghaziabad|Gaziabad]] and [[Saharanpur|Sahranpur]].

The major Important Towns and Cities in the neighbourhood are

* Delhi 78 km on the South
* Saharanpur 90 km on the North,
* Muzaffar Nagar 52 km on the East
* Meerut 60 km on the South East
* Panipat 62 km on the west

The nearest major<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ailum Bus Stand to Indira Gandhi International Airport |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Ailum+Bus+Stand,+Ailum,+Uttar+Pradesh/Indira+Gandhi+International+Airport+(DEL),+New+Delhi,+Delhi+110037/@28.9144316,76.406251,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x390c312e57a70571:0x94f2392c939f05a0!2m2!1d77.2911975!2d29.2733136!1m5!1m1!1s0x390d1b85fc2a2d89:0xbef376182c43ed9d!2m2!1d77.1006963!2d28.5563529!3e0?authuser=0 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Ailum Bus Stand to Indira Gandhi International Airport |language=en}}</ref> airport, [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] at Delhi is about 100 km away from Ailum railway station/ Bus stand.

== Social life ==
Most townsfolk, Hindu Jats, are agriculturist by profession, mostly hereditary, others retired army men, educationist and from other services.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} Cash crop sugarcane being the main constituent crop of the place, sugarcane is sold at nearby [http://www.upsugarfed.org/Asp/sugar_mills.asp "The Kisan Sahkari Chini Mills Ltd RAMALA"] ( Sugar plant of installed capacity of 5000 TCD) and privately owned jaggery / Jaggery powder producing small scale industries. Mostly farmers are shareholder of this sugar mill, running under aegis of<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to upsugarfed |url=http://www.upsugarfed.org/Asp/sugar_mills.asp |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=upsugarfed.org}}</ref> Uttar Pradesh Sugar Cooperative factories federation limited, Lucknow since 1978–79.

The place has good market roads(gali) for primary daily requirement and services. The place is having few good community halls for local functions and rituals. Primary Health Center, privately owned medical clinics and medical stores provide basic health services to citizens. Citizens visit major cities Meerut, Delhi etc. for specialty medical services.

== Education ==
[[File:Inter college.jpg|thumb|Inter College Ailum]]
There are sufficient numbers of primary schools in the town providing quality education to young kids. There is one famous High School and Inter college providing education to students of this town and surrounding villages. It has all the modern facilities including computer labs, sports center and laboratory for students. Students are going to nearby cities for graduate and post-graduate studies.

== Religion ==
Most people in the town are followers of [[Sanātana Dharma|Sanatan Dharam]] (Hinduism), followed by Muslims and [[Jainism|Jains]]. Ancient Shiv temple, Shiv-Durga Mandir in main Bazar are some of important worshiping places of the town. A ritual of visiting respective agriculture fields to worship BABA (a symbolic name given to agriculture fields) on the day Diwali, is being followed since ages. Migrated families also visit the town to participate in religious ritual event for well-being of all family members.

== Politics and Government ==
Ailum is a part of [[Kairana Assembly constituency]], one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] and part of '''[[Kairana]]''' Lok Sabha constituency, one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in the [[India]]n state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] have good numbers of supporters in this region.

Ailum village was established as Nagar Panchayat on 25 Nov. 1989 and Shri Ramkishan Panwar was elected as the first chairman in year 1995 after governing Nagar Panchayat through administrator for approx. six years. Ailum Nagar panchayat is divided into 12 wards<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Election Commission::UP |url=https://sec.up.nic.in/site/DistrictWiseNominationSummary.aspx |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=sec.up.nic.in}}</ref> and election of ward member and chairman are conducted every five years. Nagar Panchayat office, located on Bhanera road, provides basic administrative services to citizens.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Ailum Nagar Panchayat Ward
!S.No.
!District
!Post
!Nagar Panchayat
!Ward Name
|-
|1
|Shamli
|Chairman
|Ailum
|<nowiki>---</nowiki>
|-
|2
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Prem Nagar
|-
|3
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Azad Nagar (W)
|-
|4
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Vikas Nagar (S)
|-
|5
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Ravidaspuri, Azad Nagar(E)
|-
|6
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Brihampuri, Ravidaspuri Aa
|-
|7
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Subhas Nagar (S)
|-
|8
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Jawahar Nagar
|-
|9
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Shastri Nagar
|-
|10
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Gandhi Nagar
|-
|11
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Vikas Nagar (N)
|-
|12
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Subhas Nagar (N)
|-
|13
|Shamli
|Member
|Ailum
|Hari Nagar
|}
Ailum Nagar Panchayat has a committee consisting of a chairman along with 12 elected ward members, which looks after essential services and facilities for the citizen. The committee works towards maintaining and improving citizen services:

* Maintaining records of births and deaths in town
* Sanitation program
* Street lighting and providing and maintaining roads in wards and main roads of town
* Schools : Primary and secondary
* Program for adult literacy and creating and running libraries
* Water supply to every ward of urban area
* Drainage system to clear the solid and liquid wastes from town

{| class="wikitable"
|+Chairman, Ailum Nagar Panchayat
!S.No.
!Name
!From
!To
|-
|1
|Shri Ramkishan Panwar
|01-12-1995
|30-11-2000
|-
|2
|Shri Rajbeer Singh
|03-12-2000
|25-02-2005
|-
|3
|Shri Satendera Singh*
|09-03-2005
|22-08-2005
|-
|4
|Shrimati Rajdulari
|16-11-2006
|17-11-2011
|-
|5
|Shri Udaiveer Singh
|19-09-2012
|26-07-2017
|-
|6
|Dr. Deepa Panwar<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ratanpal Panwar |url=https://hi-in.facebook.com/ratanpal.panwar |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=hi-in.facebook.com |language=hi}}</ref>
|12-12-2017
|01-01-2023
|-
|7
|Shrimati Reena Panwar
|27-05-2023
|Incumbent
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Caretaker Chairman

There has been some instances where Nagar Panchayat was governed through administrator because of unavailability of elected representatives.

== Law Enforcement ==
The town has its own police check post at Ailum bus stand, which comes under the jurisdiction of<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police Station {{!}} District Shamli, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://shamli.nic.in/police-station/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Kandhla]] Police Station and district headquarter at [[Shamli district|Shamli]].

== Climate ==
Ailum has a [[monsoon]] influenced [[humid subtropical]] climate characterized by hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from April to July and are extremely hot with<ref>{{Cite web |title=Location Specific Weather Forecast |url=https://internal.imd.gov.in/pages/city_weather_main_mausam.php |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=internal.imd.gov.in}}</ref> temperatures reaching 45-47 °C. The Loo (hot, dusty wind) from the west also flows during summer dry month of May and June. It may lead to sunstrokes due to high temperature. Black storm ( Kali Andhi) is also observed in the region, before arrival of monsoon.

The monsoon arrives in late July and continues till the middle of September and temperatures drop slightly. Rainfall is about 800-900 millimeters per annum, which is suitable for growing crops in this region. Temperatures rise again in October and then town then has a mild, dry winter season from November to the middle of March, with temperature falling to 2-3 °C. The town receives no snowfall.

== Notable Personalities ==

* [[Mahavir Singh (social reformer)|Justice Mahavir Singh, judge and social reformer]]
* Shri [[Shamsher Bahadur Singh|Samsher Bahadur Singh]], National Poet

== See also ==

# [[Panwar]]
# [[Shamli district|Shamli District]]
# [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]]
# [[Uttar Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Shamli district}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ailum}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Shamli district|Ailum]]

Vikram Aur Betaal

2026-04-14T20:08:16Z

Akash Arora: new some article basic info

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{primary sources|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Vikram Aur Betaal (1985).jpg
| image_upright = 1.35
| caption =
| genre = [[Fantasy]] [[Mythology]]
| creator = [[Sagar Arts|Sagar Arts Limited]]
| director =
| producer = [[Ramanand Sagar]]
| writer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Arun Govil]]
*[[Sajjan (actor)|Sajjan]]
}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 26
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approximately 22 minutes
| channel = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{start date|1985|10|13|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|1986|4|6|df=y}}
| based_on = ''[[Baital Pachisi]]''
}}

'''''Vikram Aur Betaal''''' ({{Translation|Vikram and vampire}}) is an Indian television series that aired on [[DD National]] in 1985 and was re-telecast in 1988 after the hit series [[Ramayan (1987 TV series)|Ramayan]]. The series contained stories from [[Hindu|Indian mythology]]. The concept of the program was based on ''[[Baital Pachisi]]'', a collection of tales and legends within a frame story from India (a collection of 25 tales that are narrated by Vetala to Vikram). It is also known as '''''Vikram-Betaal'''''. It is about the legendary king Vikram (identified as [[Vikramāditya]]) and the ghost [[Betal]] (identified as [[Vetala]], a spirit analogous to a [[vampire]] in Western literature). The show aired at 4:30 PM [[Indian Standard Time]] on Sundays from 1985 to 1986.

== Legend ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
{{Tone|date=October 2021}}
''Vikram Aur Betaal'' draws its inspiration from 'Betaal Pachisi,' which is a collection of tales penned by the 11th-century Kashmiri poet Somdev Bhatta. The tales unfold as the ghost Betaal shares his narratives with the [[Vikramaditya|King Vikramaditya.]] .

The legend states that Vikramaditya, a ruler governing a kingdom from his capital in [[Ujjain]], was known for his passion for knowledge and adventure. Fearless and resolute, the king welcomed daily visitors who bestowed him with various gifts, all of which he graciously accepted. Among these guests was a [[mendicant]] who, on each visit, presented the king with fruit. Vikramaditya, in turn, entrusted these gifts to the royal storekeeper. One fateful day, as the king handled the fruit, a surprising discovery unfolded—a ruby concealed within. Intrigued, Vikramaditya ordered an inspection of all the fruits, revealing a cache of fine rubies. Determined to understand the mystery, the king sought out the mendicant, who set a peculiar condition for their meeting under a banyan tree in the heart of the cremation ground, at night, on the 14th day of the dark half of the month. Abiding by the arrangement, the king met the mendicant, who revealed a task only a ruler like Vikramaditya could undertake. He instructed the king to retrieve a centuries-old corpse hanging from a tree's branch at the northernmost corner of the ground. The mendicant sought occult powers through specific rites performed on this particular corpse.

Legend further has it that Vikramaditya, driven by a vow, had to transport Betaal's corpse silently from one location to another. During this journey, Betaal's spirit within the corpse narrated stories, concluding each with a question. The king, bound by the vow, had to respond; failure to do so risked dire consequences. Yet, each time Vikramaditya answered, Betaal returned to the treetop, leaving the king short of his destination. Undeterred, Vikramaditya persisted, completing all 25 stories as dictated by 'Betaal Pachisi.' However, Betaal eventually disclosed the mendicant's sinister motive. Intent on acquiring world powers, the mendicant planned to kill the king during the occult rites on Betaal's corpse. Suspicion arose in Vikramaditya's mind, but he proceeded to meet the mendicant, anticipating a surprise. True to Betaal's revelation, the mendicant attempted to kill Vikramaditya, who, displaying cunning prowess, outsmarted and defeated his assailant, exposing the nefarious plan.

Thus, the tales of Vikram Aur Betaal unfold, weaving together elements of suspense, wisdom, and the triumph of virtue over treachery.<ref>{{Citation |title=Vikram Aur Betaal |date=1985-10-13 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0390792/ |type=Fantasy |access-date=2023-12-06 |others=Arun Govil, Sajjan, Mulraj Rajda}}</ref>

== Cast ==

=== Main ===
*[[Arun Govil]] - as Vikram or King [[Vikramāditya]]
*[[Sajjan (actor)|Sajjan]] - as Betaal or [[Vetala]] (ghost).

=== Episodic ===
*[[Arvind Trivedi]] - as the mendicant.
*[[Deepika Chikhalia]] - in many roles.
*[[Vijay Arora]] - in many roles.
*[[Ramesh Bhatkar]] - in many roles.
*[[Mulraj Rajda]] - in many roles.
* Rajnibala - in many roles.
*[[Sunil Lahiri]] - in many roles.
*[[Lilliput (actor)|Lilliput]] - in many roles.
*[[Rama Vij]] - in many roles.
*[[Satish Kaul]] - in many roles.
*Surjeet Mohanty - in many roles.
*[[Sameer Rajda]] - in many roles.
*Vijay Kavish - as Chamatkari Yogi (S1 E22), Divya Atma (S1E21), Prabandhak (S1E10), Rupsen (S1E2), The Magician's Son (S1E15), The Weaver (S1E11)

==List of episodes==
{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|-
! style="width: 03%; background: #4169E1;" | #
! style="width: 50%; background: #4169E1;" | Title
! style="width: 47%; background: #4169E1;" | Other Cast
|-
| align="center" | 1 || '''"King Vikramaditya and the Yogi / Suryamal and His Bride's Dilemma"''' || Balwant Bansal as Mantri [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as the bride's father Gagan Gupta as soldier [[Satish Kaul]] as Suryamal
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' The first episode is about how Raja Vikramaditya and Betaal meet. Betaal tells him a story of Suryamal, who falls in love with a woman and marries her with her parents' consent. En route to home, dacoits attack and behead Suryamal and his friend. Suryamal's bride, a devout worshipper of the goddess [[Durga]], tries to commit [[suicide]] after seeing her husband dead. Goddess answers her prayers and decides to bring them both alive. Excited with joy, the bride puts Suryamal's head on his friend's body and vice versa. ''' Question:''' Betaal asks, who should the bride now consider as her husband; the man who has Suryamal's head or Suryamal's body? '''Answer:''' Vikram answers, as the brain controls the whole man, the man with Suryamal's head is the bride's husband.
|-
| align="center" | 2 || '''"King Rupsen and His Bodyguard Virvar"''' || [[Dara Singh]] as Virvar Madhu Kapoor as Raj Laxmi
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' Virvar with his mighty physical strength gains the position of being bodyguard to King Rupsen. But he charges him a hefty sum of 9 [[Tola (unit)|tolas]] of gold daily. One day the goddess of wealth (Raj Laxmi) tells Virvar that a demon who sleeps in a cave will soon wake up and eat the king to satisfy his hunger. Being king's bodyguard, Virvar along with his family decides to sacrifice their lives and hence enter the cave. After knowing what Virvar did to save his life, King Rupsen feels ashamed of not doing his duty of protecting his masses and he too enters the cave. The goddess of wealth comes and tells them all of how it was all her plan to test Virvar if he really was loyal as he charged a huge amount. '''Question:''' Betaal asks Vikram - Between King Rupsen and Virvar whose sacrifice is greater? '''Answer:''' Vikram answers - It was Virvar's duty to protect the king and he did duty by protecting King Rupsen, whereas King Rupsen had no such obligation towards Virvar. Hence King Rupsen's sacrifice was greater.
|-
| align="center" | 3 || '''"Love Story of King Yashodhan"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as Yashodhan Rajni Bala as Girl's mother [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Girl's father Mohan Choti as Darbari [[Satish Kaul]] as Senapati [[Kaajal Kiran]] as Rich man's daughter Chandrakant Pandya as Darbari [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Kausal Sen
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' King Yashodhan is a just and kind king of his kingdom. He is well trusted by his army, commanders, and courtiers. But, Yashodhan is also well-skilled in punishing the culprits. He does so by punishing a businessman who had brought the nautch girls for his luxury. In his kingdom, there lived a rich couple who plans to marry their beautiful and able daughter off to the king. They send an invitation to the King, in return the king sends his darbaris to inspect the girl whether she is qualified enough to be the Queen. The Darbaris does so and think positively about her. But on their return way to the palace, the evil businessman convinced the Darbaris that the girl can't be queen as if the girl is beautiful then the king will not pay attention to his duties. So, the Darbaris lies to the king about the girl. As a result, the king brokes the proposal of marriage with the girl. After some time, the same rich man arranges his daughter marriage with the King's Commander. He engages his daughter with the commander and they fall in love with each other. One day, the girl's beauty caught the king's eye. He sends his ministers and commander to search the girl and ask her hand for the king. This puts a dilemma situation to the commander as his loyalty to the king is tested. As a result, he broke off with the girl and sacrifices her, and tells the king that she is ready for marriage with the king. On the wedding day, the darbaris advise the king to reward the commander after being asked why so, the darbaris put the whole truth to the king. As the king was just he arranges the marriage of the commander and the very girl. Thus, sacrificing her. 
'''Question:''' Whose sacrifice is bigger and greater the king's or the commander's? 
'''Answer: '''The commander's sacrifice is bigger and greater as he sacrificed his love and fiancée for sake of loyalty and kingdom whereas the king sacrifices only a girl he wished to marry by simply catching her glimpse.
|-
| align="center" | 4 || '''"Three Suitors and Somprabha"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as Anuragi [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Somprabha's Father [[Satish Kaul]] as Shilpi [[Kaajal Kiran]] as Somprabha [[Sunil Lahri]] as Vir Singh [[Mulraj Rajda]] as the Giant [[Dharmesh Tiwari]] as Somprabha's Brother
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' Somprabha is a beautiful and multi-talented girl ready age to get married. Her father, mother, and brother were happy for her and wanted to get her married. But, a giant demon has also vowed and promised them that he will take her away. This tensed the whole family. After some days, Somprabha's Father was travelling when group of bandits attacked his group then, a handsome and brave warrior, Vir Singh saved them with his weaponry and physical strength. Father gets impressed and offers him to marry his daughter which he accepts. Somprabha's mother also meets a poet who had written about her charm, the mother also offers him the same and he also accepted. At the same time, brother also offers the same to an engineer who had built a Viman, who also accepts. At the time of the official matchmaking ceremony, all three suitors arrive and the bride is given the choice of choosing her betrothed. Alas, the giant demon arrives and abducts Somprabha, much to the dismay of her family and three suitors. The suitors then decide to go after the demon, as the poet knows the place where the demon lives. Using the engineer's Viman, all three arrive at the demon's place and the warrior manages to defeat the demon. With Somprabha in tow, all of them go back safely to her home. Somprabha now faces a dilemma on whom to pick as her husband.
'''Question: '''Who should Somprabha marry? The warrior, the poet, or the engineer? 
'''Answer: '''As a husband should be able to protect his wife from all forms of danger, the warrior is most worthy among the three as he alone was able to defeat and save Somprabha from the demon.
|-
| align="center" | 5 || '''"The Story of Padmavati and Prince Vajramukti"''' || Rajni Bala as Dai Ma [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Diwan's son [[Satish Kaul]] as Prince Vajramukti [[Rama Vij]] as Padmavati
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''Prince Vajramukti is a handsome Prince of a Kingdom.He is in friendship with his Diwan(Minister)'s Son.One day, both wandered around the forest where the Prince sees a beautiful girl and is smitten by her beauty. He asked her about her name, address, and her father's occupation by which she replied by pointing herself with a lotus, touching her ear and acting as if uprooting the tooth. This puzzles Vajramukti and he asks his friend about it who easily solves the puzzles and knows her whereabouts in Karnapur as Dentist's daughter and named Padmavati. Then he finds her and proposes marriage, which she accepts. But, the King of Karnapur is also smitten by her and intends to marry her. Vajramukti is angered by it but his friend advised a peaceful way of solving the problem. The Diwan's son disguised as a thief steals Padmavati's Jewelry and then again disguised as a sage goes to king and says that the girl with the particular jewelry has enticed him sexually. This enraged the king and he immediately exiles Padmavati who is then happily married to Vajramukti. 
'''Question:''' Who is more sinful and culprit among the three Prince, Diwan's Son or the King? 
'''Answer: '''The king is more sinful as Prince has loved the girl and Diwan's son is only helping his friend but the King had exiled an innocent girl without any proof or evidence.
|-
| align="center" | 6 || '''"Rich Girl Accepts Thief as Husband "''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as King Veerketu [[Puneet Issar]] as Thief [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Ratnasen [[Rama Vij]] as the Rich Girl
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''King Veerketu is king of Ayodhya. He is tensed as his kingdom is rampaged by an unknown thief. He decides to nab the thief himself by disguising himself as a thief himself. Meanwhile, a rich girl Manna meets a young man. The man impresses her with his unique acrobatic and physical skills and talent. Manna begins to like him and vice versa. Manna has a record of rejecting several qualified men as her suitor. Then the very night, the king(disguised) meets the thief (same young man) and befriends him. Then the thief reveals that he wanted to be a soldier but the corruption of ministers has kept him far from his aim. Then the king reveals himself and nabs him. He is put on trial. Then, Manna's father vows to protect the thief as her daughter loved him and Manna wanted to marry him. This declaration makes the thief cry and laugh simultaneously. After learning all the truth and sake of friendship with the thief, Veerkutu released the thief and appoints him his Commander. 
'''Question:''' Why the thief cries and laughs simultaneously after hearing the declaration of the Rich Man? '''Answer'''The thief cries because as he knew he can't repay the deeds of the Manna and her father as he is going to die, and he laughed because he couldn't believe in his fate as Manna liked him over other qualified suitors.
|-
| align="center" | 7 || '''"King Chandrasen and His Servant Satvasheel"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as King Chandrasen [[Satish Kaul]] as Satvasheel [[Rama Vij]] as the Sea Princess
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''Satvasheel has been looking for a job at the royal courthouse but of no avail. Finally, one day, he comes face to face with a weary king in the jungle. Satvasheel offers the king some water and amla. The king accepts the simple offering but remembers the good deed done by a stranger. The king then appoints Satvasheel to his court, where Satvasheel grows and becomes an important part of. One day, the king sends Satvasheel to explore the kingdom around him. As directed, Satvasheel journeys on into the deep seas, only to find a secret kingdom. He fearlessly approaches the kingdom, is greeted by the queen of the kingdom, and spends some time with them. The king's apprentices wait for Satvasheel but after not hearing back from him for a while, return to the kingdom. A few days later, Satvasheel emerges from a pond in front of the king. Satvasheel then proceeds to provide details of his adventures with the kingdom under water. The King now wants to explore it by himself and takes Satvasheel along with him to the land under the sea. There the king and Satvasheel bravely fight off security guards and take over the kingdom. The king decides that Satvasheel should marry the queen of the newly acquired kingdom and in this way, repays the loan of the two amla fruits Satvasheel had given to the king that one dreary afternoon. 
'''Question:'''Who is the bravest of the two? Satvasheel or the king? '''Answer'''Satvasheel is the braver of the two. Satvasheel had no idea what he was getting himself into when he jumped into the waters of the sea to find out more about the kingdom. But he still showed no doubt and jumped straight in. The king had been informed of the dangers that might possibly have been in the kingdom at the sea and was thus prepared. Bravery can be measured by the actions of a man who does not know what he is getting himself into.
|-
| align="center" | 8 || '''"Three Sensitive Brothers "''' || Rajni Bala as the Court Singer [[Sunil Lahri]] as the First Brother [[Sameer Rajda]] as Second Brother Babloo Mukherjee as Third Brother [[Mulraj Rajda]] as the King Thanks to [[Sanjay Khan]] for the tortoise
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' Three sensitive brothers are sent by their father to fetch a tortoise from the faraway sea for the local pond. Upon reaching their destination, when they find the tortoise, neither of them wants to carry the tortoise home, and they get into an argument on who is the most sensitive amongst them (and should not be assigned to carry the tortoise). They approach the local king for a decision at his palace, where they have food, listen to a recital, and sleep over. The eldest brother smells of burning corpses in the food, which is later discovered to be from a field next to a cremation ground. The second brother cannot sit next to the court vocalist because of the smell of goat's milk, which the vocalist mentions she had in her childhood. The youngest brother cannot sleep and has a bruise on his back, because of a hair later discovered under the three mattresses he is sleeping on.
'''Question:''' Which of the brothers is the most sensitive?

'''Answer:''' The youngest brother is the most sensitive since his bruise could be seen in reality (the others could be making it up/ knew it somehow).
|-
| align="center" | 9 || '''"The Husband, the Thief, and the Lover "''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as the Husband [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as the Thief [[Satish Kaul]] as the Lover Sangeeta Naik as Madan Sena [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Father-in-Law
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' A young man was madly in love with Madan Sena and swears to give up his life if she doesn't come to meet him on the next full moon. Meanwhile, Madan Sena's parents have her marriage arranged and she is married to a different man before the fateful day. She moves in with her husband and one day two thieves enter her new home, hoping to steal some valuables. One of thief sees Madan Sena and impressed by her beauty hopes to one day marry someone like her and settle down. Soon the fateful day approaches, and Madan Sena afraid that her lover might actually end his life, decides to go meet him. She asks permission from her husband who to her surprise lets her go out to meet this man on her first wedding night. The husband however disguises himself and follows her at a distance with a sword. On the way to meet the lover, she meets the thief who tells her that since she has left her married home, she now belongs to him. However she begs to see the lover and is allowed to go on the condition that she will come back to him soon. She then meets the lover who cannot believe that Madan Sena had kept her word. However seeing the vermillion on her head he realizes that she is married now. As a result, the lover decides to give up on Madan Sena because she is now married to someone else and he would not partake of this sin. On the way back she meets the thief as promised, and he is surprised to find out the extraordinary stories of the two men. He is so moved by these stories that he decides to let Madan Sena go against his baser instinct.
'''Question:''' Which of three men made the biggest sacrifice?

'''Answer:''' The thief because his sacrifice was selfless and that is how sacrifices should be.
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| align="center" | 10 || '''"The Prince and the Three Sensitive Sisters"''' || [[Bijaya Jena]] (Dolly Jena) as the most sensitive princess Mrigangvati, Rajni Bala as Taravalli Mohan Choti as Munim Vijay Kavish as Prabandhak [[Sunil Lahri]] as the Prince Lilliput as the Servant [[Rama Vij]] as Indulekha
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
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| align="center" | 11 || '''"Whom Will the Princess Marry?"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as the Birdman [[Puneet Issar]] as the Brave Man [[Satish Kaul]] as the Vaid Vijay Kavish as the Weaver [[Mulraj Rajda]] as the King [[Rama Vij]] as the Princess
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' Once the princess decides to leave her palace and go around and visit places in her kingdom. On her way she meets a Birdman who understands and talks with birds. Impressed by his unique skill she asks him to come to the palace and teach her, too. She then meets a Weaver whose woven cloth is very fine and has good export demand. She wishes that she could weave with such ability. On her journey ahead she falls ill and is hence treated by a Vaid (Doctor in [[Hindi language]]). Looking at the philanthropic work he does, she expresses that she too wishes to leave her palace and help poor people just like he does. On her way back home, she is attacked by dacoits and a Brave Man saves her. Back in her palace, the King decides that she should now get married and announces that all suitable Grooms can present themselves. '''Question:''' Of the Birdman, Weaver, Doctor and the Brave Man who will the Princess marry? '''Answer:''' Vikram replies that the Princess will marry the Brave Man as with him she would always be secure. Other attractions she had for other men would not last long enough.
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| align="center" | 12 || '''"Who Is the Real Father"''' || Rajni Bala as Bhagwati [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as the Greedy Man [[Puneet Issar]] as the Thief Babloo Mukherjee as Dhanwati's Son Sangeeta Naik as Dhanwati [[Mulraj Rajda]] as the King
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|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' Bhagwati and her daughter, Dhanwati are new to the town. At night, they meet a thief who would be prosecuted the following day. The thief offers to marry Bhagwati's daughter, saying that after he is hanged, all his wealth will be theirs, and he will also get a son to perform his rituals after his death. Understanding the mutual benefit, the two get married on the same night and have a son. The next day, after he is hanged, the mother and daughter go to discover the immense riches of the thief. Using his wealth, they lead a lavish life. Bhagwati now offers Dhanwati to a man, who in the greed of their wealth, readily agrees. On the wedding night, he runs away with all their wealth. Losing all her wealth and her mother subsequently, Dhanwati roams the streets to beg for food with her young boy. Once they saw the prince being engulfed by a python. The young boy tried to save him, but in vain. Nevertheless, his bravery was seen and rewarded by the king, who in turn offered them patronage and made the boy the King upon his death. '''Question:''' Of the three men, whose rituals must the boy perform? '''Answer:''' Vikram replies that the thief who married Dhanwati a day before the prosecution is the real father. The second man married Dhanwati out of his greed, while the king due to his moral duty gave them shelter. So, the son must perform the rituals of the first man.
|-
| align="center" | 13 || '''"The Giant and the Brave Boy"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as the King Rajni Bala as the Boy's Mother Deepika as the Queen Lilliput as the Boy's Father [[Sameer Rajda]] as the Brave Boy Shamsuddin as the Giant
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
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| align="center" | 14 || '''"Love Is Eternal "''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as Haridatt [[Satish Kaul]] as Madhusudan [[Kaajal Kiran]] as Madhumalti [[Sunil Lahri]] as Vaman [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Pandit
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
There is a priest named Keshav living in Yamuna Nagar. He met a new person Haridutt who was in the town for business told priest that he will stay in village. Priest's daughter, Malti comes to the temple and invites him for the food at home. Haridutt is impressed by her beauty and tells priest that he likes his daughter and proposes to marry her.

Malti reaches home and sees some guests with their son Baaman. They propose to marry him with Malti and Malti's mother agrees for the same. At the same time Malti's brother visits his master. Master tells him that his disciple Madhusudan wants to marry his sister. Father, mother and brother fight amongst each other that who should marry Malti.

One day Malti was in the garden when snake bit her. Her parents tried her treatment but she died. Her family members and the would be grooms cremated her. Madhusudan decided to leave the city and live life of a saint. Baaman also told that he will also roam in forests with her bones. Haridutt decided to have ashes with him throughout his life and live at the same place as mark of his love.

Madhusudan stayed at a place in one town with daughter and father. Sometime later, his son-in-law reaches there who is severely injured. Daughter requests father to save his life. Father agrees and tells that using his knowledge he will bring him back to life. Madhusudan hears this and is surprised. Using his knowledge he brings him back to life. All are happy. At night, Madhusudan steals the knowledge book and runs from there. He reaches the same place where Haridutt was living in his cottage. Baaman also comes at the same place. They keep the bones and ashes over there. Madhusudan begins to recite hymns and soon Malti comes back to life. All are happy to see her alive.

'''Question''': whom should Malti marry now?as all of them have contributed in bringing her to life?

'''Answer''': Vikrama replied that she should marry Haridutt because Madhusudan who brought her to life is like her father now. Baaman saved the bones of Malti so he is like a son, so he too cannot marry her while Haridutt lived at that place just for love.
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| align="center" | 15 || '''"The Lover of Princess Chandraprabha"''' || [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Mantri Putra Deepika as Princess Chandraprabha Vijay Kavish as the Magician's Son Lilliput as the Magician Babloo Mukherjee as Manu Kumar / Manu Kumari [[Mulraj Rajda]] as the King
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
|-
| align="center" | 16 || '''"The Dilemma of Mahamantri and King Vallabh"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as King Vallabh Rajni Bala ... Mahamantri's Wife [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] ... Mahamantri Lilliput as the Painter Shamsuddin as Rakshas Amrita Ghosh as the Gandharv Kanya

|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
|-
| align="center" | 17 || '''"The Unsuccessful Penance of Gunkar"''' || Rajni Bala as Gunkar's Mother [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as The Saint [[Vijayendra Ghatge]] as Gunkar Lilliput as the Gambler [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Gunkar's Father Amrita Ghosh as the Apsara
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' Gunkar loses his poor father's all hard-earned money in gambling. He is hence kicked out of the home. Wandering, he meets a saint who with his yogic powers can bring forth anything that one wants. Gunnar asks the saint to teach him power. Saint agrees and asks him to follow the two-fold way of attaining the power. Midway after completing the first step Gunkar decides to go home and meet his family. He asks the saint to bring in some clothes to take to his home as gifts. After returning, Gunkar finishes his second step. But he is not able to get the power. ''' Question:''' Betaal ask for what reason Gunkar could not attain the power although he did just as he was instructed by the saint? '''Answer:''' Vikram answers that Gunkar failed as he did not follow the way properly as he was distracted and cut it into two and went home.
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| align="center" | 18 || '''"The Story of Rajkumar and the Bird"''' || [[Sunil Lahri]] as Rajkumar Jimutvahan Lilliput as The Chief
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
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| align="center" | 19 || '''"The Gambling Temptation of Gopu"''' || [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Gopu Deepika as Ratna Lilliput as the Gambler [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Ratna's Father
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
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| align="center" | 20 || '''"The Realization of Prince Anandsen"''' || [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Haribaba Deepika as Princess Roopvati [[Satish Kaul]] as Yuvraj Anandsen [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Raja Dharamveer
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
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| align="center" | 21 || '''"The Legendary Love of Sukesh and Legendary Duty of King Dharamveer"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] ... King Dharamveer Rajni Bala as Pari Suraj Chaddha as Sukesh Anil Chaudhary as Mantri [[Deepika Chikhalia]] as Nandini Vijay Kavish as Divya Atma Lilliput as Jadoogar Abhijeet Vilas Raj as Pradhan Mantri [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Yashwant Dubey Vikram Sahu as Nagar Seth
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
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| align="center" | 22 || '''"The Love Story of Four Princes"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as Prince Govind [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Prince Amar Deepika as Rajkumari [[Satish Kaul]] as Prince Ajay Vijay Kavish as Chamatkari Yogi Sunil Lahri as Prince Vijay Lilliput as Rakshas Vilas Raj as Vaidya Mulraj Rajda as Rajah
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
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| align="center" | 23 || '''"The Justice of King Satyadev"''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as Kavi Haribhat [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Kaliya Bandini Mishra as Rajkumari Priyavanda [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Raja Satyadev Hari Shukla as Raja Dharamdev
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:'''
Princess Priyavanda falls into love with the court poet Haribhat. Haribhat and Princess exchanged letters of love regularly. Haribhat however was not in love with her, rather her wealth and the kingdom. One day the king's arch enemy Dharamdev arrives to forge an alliance by asking Priyavanda's hand in marriage for his son. When the poet got to know about this, he asked Priyavanda to give him all her jewels and precious articles, otherwise he will leak out their love letters to her in-laws. This is heard by the thief Kaliya. He goes to Haribhat's home, kills him, and returns the letters to Priyavanda. But he is caught by the soldiers. Priyavanda requests her father to free him, for he had protected her self respect. 
'''Question:''' What must the king legislate? 
'''Answer:''' A king must order in the favour of his kingdom. He must punish the long time thief, regardless of his act towards the princess.
|-
| align="center" | 24 || '''"The Dreams of Dagdoo "''' || Rajni Bala as Dagdoo's Mother [[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]] as Dagdoo [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Maharaja
|-
! colspan="3" style="background-color:#E6E6FA" |Short Summary: Dagdoo and his mother live in a village. Dagdoo gets precognitive dreams. He always tells people what will happen but the villagers consider him bad luck kick him out of village. Whilst resting a forest, he comes across the King who employs him as a bodyguard. Dagdoo does his job very diligently. One night when the King is asleep, Dagdoo also falls asleep while working. He then dreams of something harmful happening to the King. He decides not to tell about it due to fear of being ostracised. He then remembers his mothers words that he should tell things in a different way. The King has to leave for Sonpur due to some work when Dagdoo advises not to go since there will be a earthquake. The King decides to stay back, Sonpur is devasted by earthquake where all it's inhabitants die. The king is relieved that has been saved. Dagdoo then tells the king about the dreams he gets all the time and is rewarded. At the sametime, he dismisses Dagdoo from his duties. 
Question: Why did the king reward as well as dismiss Dagdoo? 
Answer: The reward was given due to Dagdoo preventing the King to leave and thus saving his life. Dagdoo was dismissed because he must have been sleeping in order to see the dream. Sleeping isn't allowed when guarding the palace.
|-
|-
| align="center" | 25 || '''"The Story of Greedy Apurva "''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as Rajkumar Ambrish [[Ramesh Bhatkar]] as Apurva Anil Chaudhary as Vyapari Deepika as Anjali [[Sunil Lahri]] as Satyakam [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Avinash
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' Apurva is a poor person working as stonesmith who always dreamt of being rich. He had a rich friend named Avinash. Apurva's daughter Anjali & Avinash's son Satyakam were in love. Their kids did not care about each other's financial status. Avinash has go out of town and trusted Satyakam to take care of matters in the interim. Apurva develops ill intentions and decides to steal accounting documents from the Avinash's treasure box. He then acts as Avinash and settles accounts from other people by pretending to be Avinash and forging his signature. Avinash had entrusted Satyakam to settle an old debt but due to Apurva cheating, Satyakam is left with no money. He then decides to sell his house. Avinash & Satyakam are left penniless whereas Apurva celebrates his ill gotten gains. Anjali overhears all this. She then goes to the King & Prince Ambrish and tells all this but the King says it's upto the affected person to complain, not her. She then tells to Satyakam but he does not want to complain since it will bring bad name to family. Ambrish hears all this. Ghost of Avinash comes and takes away the stolen money from all the culprits. Ambrish has fallen in love with Anjali and orders for Satyakam to be killed. Avinash's ghost appears in front of Apurva and spooks him. He then requests 100,000 coins as a loan from Apurva. Apurva goes to collect his money the next day and is confronted by ghosts of his old friends. Avinash says that he cannot return the money since ghosts do not return money. Apurva is shunned by all his friends due to his poverty. Ambrish, disguised as Satyakam by magic, goes to marry Anjali. Real Satyakam appears in the wedding. Ambrish then reveals his true form. King also appears and orders Ambrish to be captured. Ghost of Avinash appears and blesses the couple. Avinash's ghost repays 100,000 coins to Apurva who in turns gives it to the newly married saying he does not deserve it anymroe 
'''Question:''' Why did Apurva give the money back to couple? 
'''Answer:''' Money causes 3 predicaments. When you are poor, you are worried about earning. When you have money, you are worried about maintaining it. When you lose your money, then you die from inside. Apurva realises that ill gotten gains will never let anyone leave in peace.
|-
|-
| align="center" | 26 || '''"The Revenge of Nagin "''' || [[Vijay Arora]] as Yuvraj Shaktinath Rajni Bala as Princess Arundhati Anil Chaudhary as Arundhati's Brother Deepika as Nageshwari [[Mulraj Rajda]] as Raja Hargovind Das
|-
|style="background-color:#E6E6FA" colspan=3 |'''Short Summary:''' There was a King called Hargovind Das who employed a servant called Ganga. Ganga kept two snakes called Nagesh & Nageshwari. Princess Rajni was blessed by the snakes to bear a son. One day both the snakes, in their human form, were dancing in the garden. Shaktinath accidentally shot an arrow on Nageshwar. Nageshwari decides to take revenge on the prince. Nageshwari requests the king to allow her extract revenge on the prince. King then requests Nageshwari to allow his son to live a few days so he gets to see his new born child to which she agrees. Princess Arundhati decides to kill Nageshhwari is stopped by the guards and gives birth at the same time. Nageshwari then sees the 3 daughters of the prince feeding milk to her baby snakes. Nageshwari goes on to kill the Shaktinath but Arundhati falls unconscious seeing her. Shaktinath then welcomes Nageshwari to kill him.
'''Question:''' Will Nageshwari kill Princ Shaktinath? 
'''Answer:''' Vikram replied that the Nagin would not bite Prince Shaktinath, because motherly affection would win over revenge. Though the King took off his crown in front of her, it did not affect her decision, but the moment she saw Arundhati's daughters feeding her children, it shook her, and her motherly affection rose up. She realized that by killing the prince, she was depriving those girls of their father, and she could not do that. As for the promise that she had given her dead husband, the Nagin jumped into the fire of the Yagya and killed herself so that she did not have to remain alive to fulfill her promise.
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha]]
* [[Singhasan Battisi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* Sagar Arts - official Page [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306102037/http://www.sagartv.com/vikram-betaal.htm]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100215135203/http://www.meltonfoundation.org/nraghavan/Plot_Vikram_Betal_MFBMS.pdf Melton Foundation]
* {{IMDb title|0390792|Vikram Aur Betaal}}
* [https://befastupdated.com/vikram-aur-betaal-1985/ Vikram Aur Betaal 1985]

{{Sagar Arts}}
{{Baital Pachisi}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:Memorials to Vikramaditya]]
[[Category:1985 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:1980s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Television shows about ghosts]]
[[Category:Indian historical television series]]
[[Category:Indian television series about Hindu deities]]
[[Category:Vampires in television]]
[[Category:Panchatantra]]
[[Category:Television shows based on fairy tales]]

Aziz Naser

2026-04-14T13:15:38Z

Akash Arora: started pg...

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aziz Naser
| image = Aziznaser.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1980|12|23}}{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Voice Artist|screenwriter}}
| years_active =
}}
'''Aziz Naser''' (born '''Aziz Janbaz''') is an Indian actor, writer and a voice artist who works in [[Deccani film industry|Deccani]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films. He worked in [[Deccani Film Industry|Hyderabadi films]] such as ''[[The Angrez]]'' and ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs]]''. As a dubbing artist, he lent his voice for [[Sonu Sood]], [[Nana Patekar]], [[Kelly Dorjee]], [[Aditya Pancholi]], [[Rahul Dev]] and other Hindi film actors who featured in Telugu films.<ref>{{cite news|title=Deccani filmmakers all set to create 'hungama' in Bollywood|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/deccani-filmmakers-all-set-to-create-hungama-in-bollywood/article2926617.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 February 2012|location=Hyderabad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140515/entertainment-tollywood/article/voice-tollywood-villains|title=The voice of Tollywood villains|first=Binita|last=Ramchandani|date=14 May 2014|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

==Career==
Aziz Naser left his job in Dubai to pursue a career in films starting with ''[[The Angrez]]'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/uohdispatch/docs/uoh_dispatch_nov|title=The real story of Deccani|page=8|date=November 2015|work=UOH Dispatch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiapost.com/hyderabadi-angrez-team-attracts-huge-crowd/|title=Hyderabadi 'Angrez' team attracts huge crowd|first=A. Q.|last=Siddiqui|work=India Post|date=8 January 2016}}</ref>

He has worked in more than 40 films in [[Dakhni|Deccani]], Hindi, Telugu and Marathi. In 2015 he made his Telugu debut in movie ''[[Jyothi Lakshmi (film)|Jyothi Lakshmi]]''. In 2022, he made his debut in Marathi with the movie ''Stepney-Tumchaakde aahe na..?'' as an actor, writer and director.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/movietrailer/8375.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924165551/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/movietrailer/8375.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 24 September 2015| title = Telugu Cinema News {{!}} Telugu Movie Reviews {{!}} Telugu Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Telugu}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Deccani films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!class=unsortable scope="col"| Notes
|-
| 2005
!scope="row"| ''[[The Angrez]]''
| Jahangir
|Also asst director, Hindi dialogues
|-
| 2006
!scope="row"| ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs]]''
| Pappu
|Also dialogue and story Writer
|-
| rowspan="2"|2007
!scope="row"| ''[[Hungama in Dubai]]''
| Mujju
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[FM Fun Aur Masti]]''
| Johnny
|Also dialogue writer
|-
| 2008
!scope="row"| ''Thriller – The Movie ''
| Sanju
|Also writer and director
|-
| rowspan="2"|2010
!scope="row"| ''Gullu Dada Returns: No Compromise.. Only Fight...! ''
| Aziz / Ajju
|Also additional dialogue and director
|-
!scope="row"| ''Berozgaar''
| Nawab
| Also writer and director
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2011
!scope="row"| ''Zabardast''
| Ajju
| Also writer and director
|-
!scope="row"| ''Ja Bhai Ja''
|
|Cameo
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2013
!scope="row"| ''Gullu Dada 3 ''
| Amir
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''Ek tha Sardar ''
| Ghafoor
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''Gullu Dada 4 ''
| Sajid
|
|-
| 2014
!scope="row"|
''Stepney – Everyone needs one ''
| Aziz
| Also writer and director
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016
!scope="row"| ''[[Dawat E Shaadi]]''
| Abbas
| Also dialogue writer
|-=
!scope="row"| ''Dubai Return''
| Feroz
| Also dialogue writer and director
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2017
!scope="row"| ''Salaam Zindagi''
| Irfan
| Also writer
|-
!scope="row"| ''127B''
| Eddie
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018
!scope="row"| ''Inspector Gullu''
| Ajju
| Also writer and director
|-
!scope="row"| ''Colour Photo''
| Arif Aurangabadi
| Also writer and director
|-
| 2019
!scope="row"| ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs 2]]''
| Pappu
| Also dialogue writer and co-director
|-
|}

=== Telugu films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!class=unsortable scope="col"| Notes
|-
| 2015
!scope="row"| ''[[Jyothi Lakshmi (film)|Jyothi Lakshmi]]''
| Pandu
|
|-
| 2016
!scope="row"| ''[[Premikudu (2016 film)|Premikudu]]''
| Satya
|
|-
| 2019
!scope="row"| ''[[iSmart Shankar]] ''
| CM'S man
|
|-
| rowspan="4"|2021
!scope="row"|''[[Dirty Hari]]''
|CI Aziz
|
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Check (film)|Check]]''
|Jailguard Katamayya
|
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Wild Dog (film)|Wild Dog]]''
|Car Driver
|Cameo appearance
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Romantic (film)|Romantic]]''
| Inspector Badani
|
|-
|2022
!scope="row"| ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2022 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''
| SI
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
!scope="row"| ''[[Prema Vimanam]]''
| Ajju||
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Malli Pelli (2023 film)|Malli Pelli]]''
| C.I
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024
!scope="row"| ''[[Viswam (film)|Viswam]]''
| Massod
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Zebra (film)|Zebra]]''
| RP
|
|-
|2025
!scope="row"|''[[Paanch Minar]]''
| Contract Killer
|
|-
|2026
!scope="row"|''[[Cheekatilo]]''
|Irfan
|
|}

=== Hindi films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!class=unsortable scope="col"| Notes
|-
| 2012
!scope="row"| ''Siyaah''
| Cop
| Also writer and director<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/549833|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124171640/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/549833|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 January 2012|title=Siyaah.. Movie: Review | Release Date | Songs | Music | Images | Official Trailers | Videos | Photos | News - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref>
|-
| 2013
!scope="row"| ''Calapor''
| Kishan (Jailguard)
|
|-
| 2016
!scope="row"| ''Tiger Sultan''
| C.I Jani
|
|-
| 2017
!scope="row"| ''Shaadi Express''
| Raj
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2018
!scope="row"| ''Bhoot Bhaijaan''
| Rohit Sharma
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''08 November Roadpati''
| Mukhtar
|
|-
|}

=== Other language films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Language
!class=unsortable scope="col"| Notes
|-
| 2016
!scope="row"| ''[[Killing Veerappan]]''
| Shashi
| [[Kannada]]
|
|-
|2022
!scope="row"| ''Stepney - Tumchaakde aahe na..? ''
| Deva
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| Also story writer and director
|-
|}

== As a dubbing artist ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Artist
!scope="col"|Notes
|-
| 2003
!scope="row"| ''[[Ong-Bak]]''
| Theatrical Trailer
| in English/Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009
!scope="row"| ''[[Siddham (film)|Siddham]]''
| [[Mukul Dev]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ek Niranjan]]''
| [[Makarand Deshpande]]
|Also theatrical trailer voiceover in English
|-
| rowspan="4"|2010
!scope="row"| ''[[Vedam (film)|Vedam]]''
| [[Manoj Bajpai]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Golimaar (film)|Golimaar]]''
| [[Shawar Ali]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Rakta Charitra]]''
| [[Sudeep]]
| Telugu version
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Adhurs]]''
| [[Mukul Dev]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5"|2011
!scope="row"| ''[[Badrinath (film)|Badrinath]]''
| [[Kelly Dorjee]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Shakti (2011 film)|Shakti]]''
| rowspan="2"| [[Sonu Sood]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Dookudu]]''
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Nenu Naa Rakshasi]]''
| [[Abhimanyu Singh]], Mukhtar Khan
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Oosaravelli]]''
| [[Vidyut Jamwal]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2012
!scope="row"| ''[[Dammu]]''
| [[Rahul Dev]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Nippu]]''
| [[Mukul Dev]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Daruvu]]''
| [[Sushant Singh]]
|
|-
| rowspan="6"|2013
!scope="row"| ''[[Naayak]]''
| [[Rahul Dev]], [[Dev Gill]], [[Ajaz Khan]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]''
| [[Kelly Dorjee]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Shadow (2013 film)|Shadow]]''
| [[Aditya Pancholi]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[The Attacks of 26/11]]''
| [[Nana Patekar]]
| Telugu dubbed version
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Dalam]]''
| [[Abhimanyu Singh]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Iddarammayilatho]]''
| [[Shawar Ali]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2014
!scope="row"| ''[[Heart Attack (2014 film)|Heart Attack]]''
| [[Vikramjeet Virk]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Loukyam]]''
| [[Rahul Dev]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[1: Nenokkadine]]''
| [[Kelly Dorjee]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2015
!scope="row"| ''[[Rey (film)|Rey]]''
| [[Arpit Ranka]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Jadoogadu]]''
| [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Pandaga Chesko]]''
| [[Abhimanyu Singh]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2016
!scope="row"| ''[[Attack (2016 film)|Attack]]''
| rowspan="2"|Abhimanyu Singh
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Eedo Rakam Aado Rakam]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Shankara (2016 film)|Shankara]]''
| [[John Vijay]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4"|2017
! scope="row" | ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]''
| [[Tarun Arora]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Katamarayudu]]''
| Tarun Arora
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Oxygen (2017 film)|Oxygen]]''
| [[Abhimanyu Singh]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Jai Lava Kusa]]''
| [[Ronit Roy]]
|
|-
| rowspan="7"|2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Inttelligent]]''
| [[Rahul Dev]], [[Dev Gill]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]''
| [[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]], [[Freddy Daruwala]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Naa Peru Surya]]''
| [[Thakur Anoop Singh]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Devadas (2018 film)|Devadas]]''
| [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Villain (2018 film)|The Villain]]''
| [[Sudeep]]
| Telugu dubbed version
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2018 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]''
| [[Abhimanyu Singh]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maari 2]]''
| [[Tovino Thomas]]
| Telugu dubbed version
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Vinaya Vidheya Rama]]''
| [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Saaho]]''
| [[Chunky Pandey]], [[Arun Vijay]]
| Telugu version
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]''
| Oscar Skagerberg
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chanakya (2019 film)|Chanakya]]''
|Upen Patel
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Sita (2019 film)|Sita]]''
| Abhimanyu Singh
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2020
! scope="row" | ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal|Kanulu Kanulanu Dochayante]]''
| [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
| Telugu dubbed version
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nishabdham]]''
| [[R. Madhavan]]
|
|-
| rowspan="6"|2021
! scope="row" | ''[[Check (film)|Check]]''
| Rohit Pathak
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Wild Dog (film)|Wild Dog]]''
| Bilal Hossein
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Romantic (film)|Romantic]]''
| [[Makarand Deshpande]], Ravi Awana
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Seetimaarr]]''
| [[Tarun Arora]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ghani (2021 film)|Ghani]]''
| [[Sunil Shetty]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Money Heist]]''
| [[Pedro Alonso]]
| for [[Berlin (Money Heist)|Berlin]]; Telugu dubbed version
|-
|rowspan="3"|2022
!scope="row"| ''[[Hero (2022 Indian film) |Hero]]''
| [[Ravi Kishan]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Godfather (2022 film)|Godfather]]''
| [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Sita Ramam]]''
| [[Jisshu Sengupta]]
|
|-
| rowspan="7"|2023
!scope="row"| ''[[Agent (film)|Agent]]''
| [[Denzel Smith]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ugram (film)|Ugram]]''
| [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Spy (2023 film)|Spy]]''
| [[Makarand Deshpande]], [[Jisshu Sengupta]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Bhola Shankar (2023)|Bhola Shankar]]''
| [[Tarun Arora]], [[Shawar Ali]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Devil: The British Secret Agent]]''
| Mark Bennington
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ramabanam]]''
| [[Tarun Arora]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kranti (2023 film)|Kranti]]''
| Tarun Arora
|Telugu dubbed version
|-
|rowspan="7"|2024
!scope="row"| ''[[Eagle (2024 film)|Eagle]]''
|Nitin Mehta
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Raajadhani Files]]''
|Vishal Patni
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Operation Valentine (film)|Operation Valentine]]''
| [[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]]
| Telugu version
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Razakar]]''
| [[Makarand Deshpande]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Double iSmart]]''
| rowspan="2"|[[Makarand Deshpande]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Tiragabadara Saami]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2025
!scope="row"|''[[Sankranthiki Vasthunam]]''
| Mahesh Balaraj
|
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Chhaava]]''
| [[Akshaye Khanna]]
| Telugu dubbed version
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Hari Hara Veera Mallu]]''
|[[Bobby Deol]]
|
|}

==See also==
* [[Mast Ali]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4464319}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naser, Aziz}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Urdu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian voice actors]]

Kanti Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:26:42Z

Akash Arora: Made the details with sources

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kanti
| type = SLA
| map_image = 95-Kanti constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Ajit Singh (Bihar politician)|Ajit Kumar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|-]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 319,372
| abolished = 
}}
'''Kanti''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Muzaffarpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. The current sitting MLA (member of legislative assembly) is Mohammad Israil Mansuri who won as a RJD candidate defeating his nearest rival Ajit Kumar by 10000 votes.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |title=Kanti Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/kanti.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|rowspan="3" |Jamuna Prasad Tripathi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|M. P. Sinha
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Harihar Prasad Shahi
|style="background-color: {{party color|Akhil Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Congress}}" |
|Lok Tantrik Congress
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Shambhu Sharan Thakur
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Thakur Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|rowspan="3" |Nalini Ranjan Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Mufti Mohammad Quasim
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|[[Gulam Jilani Warsi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|rowspan="3" |[[Ajit Singh (Bihar politician)|Ajit Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party}}
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Ashok Kumar Choudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Mohammad Israil Mansuri]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Ajit Singh (Bihar politician)|Ajit Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|}

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 95 Kanti Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Kanti and Marwan [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]].<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Kanti Assembly constituency is part of No. 16 [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/>

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanti<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Ajit Singh (Bihar politician)|Ajit Kumar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:117299}}
|percentage = 50.43
|change = +37.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Rashtriya Janata Dal|candidate=[[Mohammad Israil Mansuri]]|votes={{formatnum:91504}}|percentage=39.34|change=+6.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jan Suraaj Party|candidate=Sudarshan Mishra|votes={{formatnum:4251}}|percentage=1.83|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Suresh Kumar Gupta|votes={{formatnum:2889}}|percentage=1.24|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)|candidate=Kumari Sheetal|votes={{formatnum:2594}}|percentage=1.12|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|votes={{formatnum:7823}}|percentage=3.36|change=+2.59}}
{{Election box majority|votes={{formatnum:25795}}|percentage=11.09|change=+5.83}}
{{Election box turnout|votes={{formatnum:232600}}|percentage=72.83|change=+9.55}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanti<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Mohammad Israil Mansuri]]
|votes = {{formatnum:64458}}
|percentage = 32.89
|change = +6.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ajit Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:54144}}
|percentage = 27.63
|change = +26.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Mohammad Jamal
|votes = {{formatnum:25891}}
|percentage = 13.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = [[Bijay Prasad Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:18093}}
|percentage = 9.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Neera Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:9885}}
|percentage = 5.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janshakti Vikas Party (Democratic)
|candidate = Sunil Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2744}}
|percentage = 1.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jai Maha Bharath Party
|candidate = Krishna Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:2188}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Lal Babu Roy
|votes = {{formatnum:2057}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change = +0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Jan Jan Party
|candidate = Anay Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1975}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1507}}
|percentage = 0.77
|change = -0.04
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:10314}}
|percentage = 5.26
|change = +0.09
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:195962}}
|percentage = 63.28
|change = -1.93
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===

In the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] Ashok Kumar Choudhary won the seat by almost 10000 votes against Ajit Kumar.

{{Election box begin|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanti<ref name="election2015">{{cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Choudhary (Sadatpur)
|votes = {{formatnum:58111}}
|percentage = 32.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Hindustani Awam Morcha
|candidate = Ajit Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:48836}}
|percentage = 27.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Md. Parwez Alam
|votes = {{formatnum:47050}}
|percentage = 26.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Umesh Paswan
|votes = {{formatnum:3109}}
|percentage = 1.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Chodhary (Dhamauli Ramnath)
|votes = {{formatnum:2144}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Md. Inamul Haque
|votes = {{formatnum:2031}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Amar Deo Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1948}}
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Lal Babu Roy
|votes = {{formatnum:1850}}
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Arjun Prasad Gupta
|votes = {{formatnum:1832}}
|percentage = 1.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ajit Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1797}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1460}}
|percentage = 0.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9275}}
|percentage = 5.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:179468}}
|percentage = 65.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
In the [[2010 Bihar legislative assembly election|2010 state assembly elections]], Ajit Kumar of [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] won the Kanti assembly seat, defeating his nearest rival Md. Israil of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]].<ref name="election2010">{{cite web | url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0495.htm | title = Bihar - Kanti | work = Bihar Assembly Elections Nov 2010 Results | publisher = Election Commission of India | access-date = 2011-02-07 | archive-date = 27 November 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101127025846/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0495.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners up are being mentioned. Ajit Kumar of JD(U) defeated Muhmad Haidar Azad of RJD in [[Bihar Assembly Election, Oct 2005|October 2005]]. Ajit Kumar representing [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] defeated Md. Jamal of RJD in [[Bihar Assembly Election, Feb 2005|February 2005]]. Gulam Jilani Warsi of RJD defeated Ajit Kumar of AJBP in 2000. Mufti Mohammad Quasim of [[Janata Dal]] defeated Ajit Kumar of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1995. Nalini Ranjan Singh of JD defeated Shambhu Sharan Thakur of Congress in 1990. Nalini Ranjan Singh representing SUC defeated Tarakeshari Sinha of [[Lok Dal|LD]] in 1985 and Shambhu Sharan Thakur of Congress in 1980. Thakur Prasad Singh of [[Janata Party|JP]] defeated Nalini Ranjan Singh of SUC in 1977.<ref name="election1977">{{cite web| url = http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp56.htm |title = 56 - Kanti Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-02-07 }}</ref>

===1972===
In the 1951 state assembly elections, Jamuna Prasad Tripathy (Yamuna Prasad Tripathy) of INC defeated Nagendra Prasad Singh (IND) by 3049 votes. In 1957 state assembly elections, Jamuna Prasad Tripathy (Yamuna Prasad Tripathy) of INC again won the Kanti assembly seat, defeating his nearest rival Yogendra Prasad Sharma by a close margin of 445 votes. In 1962 Jamuna Prasad Tripathy (Yamuna Prasad Tripathy) defeated Harihar Prasad Shahi by a margin of 2714 votes. M.P. Sinha was the congress candidate in 1967 election which he won by a huge margin of 31034 votes. In 1969 state assembly elections Harihar Prasad Shahi of LTC defeated 3 times INC MLA Jamuna Prasad Tripathy (Yamuna Prasad Tripathy). Shambhu Sharan Thakur of INC won the 1972 election by 1462 votes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}
{{coord|26|12|32|N|85|18|44|E|region:IN-BR|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanti (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Muzaffarpur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Anakapalle Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:15:00Z

Akash Arora: started data

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Anakapalle
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (30-Anakapalle highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Anakapalli Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janasena Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Anakapalle Lok Sabha constituency|Anakapalle]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 204,699
| established = 1951
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 30
}}

'''Anakapalle Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Anakapalli district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Anakapalle Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=18, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Konathala Ramakrishna]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Janasena Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524074223/http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 204,699 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==

The two [[mandal]]s that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />

* [[Anakapalle mandal|Anakapalle]]
* [[Kasimkota]]

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Koduganti Govinda Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| [[Beesetti Appa Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Krishikar Lok Party}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan=2 |Koduganti Govinda Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| [[Pentakota Venkata Ramana]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Koduganti Govinda Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| Raja Kanna Babu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan=4 |[[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| [[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Praja Rajyam Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Peela Govinda Satyanarayana]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Gudivada Amarnath]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janasena Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===1952===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Anakapalli]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Koduganti Govinda Rao |party=Communist Party of India |votes=18,505 |percentage=41.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Villuri Venkataramana]]|party=Krishikar Lok Party|votes=11,886|percentage=26.61%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Boddeda Atchannaiudu|party=Indian National Congress|votes=9,797|percentage=21.93%|change=21.93%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Talupala Venkatarao Nauyudu|party=Independent politician|votes=4,485|percentage=10.04%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,619 |percentage=14.82% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=44,673|percentage=59.84%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,650 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1955 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Krishikar Lok Party
|candidate = Beesetti Appa Rao
|votes = 19,957
|percentage = 49.96
|change = {{increase}}23.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Koduganti Govinda Rao (Incumbent)
|votes = 19,304
|percentage = 48.33
|change = {{increase}}6.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pentakota Adinarayana Naidu
|votes = 684
|percentage = 1.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 653
|percentage = 1.63
|change = {{decrease}}13.19
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 39,945
|percentage = 66.11
|change = {{increase}}6.27
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Krishikar Lok Party
|loser = Communist Party Of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1962 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Koduganti Govindarao
|votes = 23,523
|percentage = 66.62
|change = {{increase}}18.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Budha Apparao Naidu
|votes = 11,786
|percentage = 33.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,737
|percentage = 33.25 1.63
|change = {{increase}}31.62
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 35,309
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Communist Party Of India
|loser = Krishikar Lok Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Koduganti Govindarao
|votes = 20,539
|percentage = 39.59
|change = {{decrease}}27.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Swatantra Party
|candidate = B. V. Naidu
|votes = 12,249
|percentage = 23.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = M. R. Raju
|votes = 7,456
|percentage = 14.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = A. Beesetti
|votes = 5,541
|percentage = 10.68
|change = {{decrease}}22.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
|candidate = J. C. Guruvulu
|votes = 1,271
|percentage = 1.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = K. R. Rao
|votes = 2,430
|percentage = 4.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,290
|percentage = 15.98
|change = {{decrease}}17.27
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 51,881
|percentage = 73.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party Of India
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pentakota Venkata Ramana
|votes = 29,053
|percentage = 51.33
|change = {{increase}}40.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Koduganti Govindarao
|votes = 22,160
|percentage = 39.15
|change = {{decrease}}0.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
|candidate = P. V. Chalaprahi Rao
|votes = 4,058
|percentage = 7.17
|change = {{increase}}0.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Peela Appla Naidu
|votes = 1,331
|percentage = 2.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,893
|percentage = 12.18
|change = {{increase}}0.2
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 56,602
|percentage = 66.03
|change = {{decrease}}7.36
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party Of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1978 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Koduganti Govindarao
|votes = 28,382
|percentage = 41.7
|change = {{increase}}2.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = P. V. Chalapitarao
|votes = 19,945
|percentage = 29.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Majji Prasadrao
|votes = 15,149
|percentage = 22.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Duvvda Venkatrao
|votes = 3,285
|percentage = 4.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
|candidate = J. C. Guruvulu
|votes = 1,271
|percentage = 1.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,437
|percentage = 12.1
|change = {{decrease}}0.08
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 70,006
|percentage = 75.1
|change = {{increase}}9.07
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Communist Party Of India
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Raja Kanna Babu
|votes = 40,767
|percentage = 61.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Malla Lakshminaravana
|votes = 15,383
|percentage = 23.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Koduganti Govindarao (incumbent)
|votes = 6,203
|percentage = 9.3
|change = {{decrease}}32.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Yarramsetti Satyarao
|votes = 4,029
|percentage = 6.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kotni Kannayya Dora
|votes = 414
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 25,384
|percentage = 37.1
|change = {{increase}}25
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 68,366
|percentage = 69.6
|change = {{decrease}}5.5
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Communist Party Of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli<ref name="2014 results">{{Cite web |title=Anakapalli Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Anakapalli, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/anakapalli.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]|votes=51,083|percentage=70.3%|change={{increase}}9.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Nimmadala Satyanarayana|votes=21,542|percentage=29.7|change={{increase}}6.7}}
{{Election box majority|votes=29,541|percentage=39.8|change={{increase}}2.7}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=74,306|percentage=68.7|change={{decrease}}0.9}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1989 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]
|votes = 46,287
|percentage = 50.8
|change = {{decrease}}19.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dantuluri Dileep Kumar
|votes = 44,029
|percentage = 48.3
|change = {{increase}}18.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kandregula Sarveswara Rao
|votes = 876
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,258
|percentage = 2.4
|change = {{decrease}}37.4
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 94,240
|percentage = 75.7
|change = {{increase}}7
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1994 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]
|votes = 45,577
|percentage = 45.0
|change = {{decrease}}5.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dantuluri Dilip Kumar
|votes = 43,966
|percentage = 43.4
|change = {{decrease}}4.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Venkata Jaggarao Peela
|votes = 9,883
|percentage = 9.8
|change = {{decrease}}38.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Elugula Venkatarao
|votes = 1,093
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Karri Venkunaidu
|votes = 302
|percentage = 0.3
|change = {{decrease}}0.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Jharkhand Party
|candidate = Gonthina Satyarao
|votes = 288
|percentage = 0.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Buddha Varaha Satyanarayana
|votes = 86
|percentage = 0.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Valisetty Sankararao
|votes = 82
|percentage = 0.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,611
|percentage = 1.6
|change = {{decrease}}0.8
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 102,823
|percentage = 75.9
|change = {{increase}}0.2
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli<ref name="2014 results">{{Cite web |title=Anakapalli Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Anakapalli, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/anakapalli.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]|votes=52570|percentage=50.04%|change=5.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Konathala Ramakrishna]]|votes=49039|percentage=46.52%|change=46.42%}}
{{Election box majority|votes=3711|percentage=3.72%|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=105417|percentage=72.19%|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli<ref name="2014 results" />}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
|votes = 63,277
|percentage = 56.97
|change = +10.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]
|votes = 46,244
|percentage = 41.64
|change = -8.40
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 17,033
|percentage = 15.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 111,061
|percentage = 74.80
|change = +4.29
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli<ref name="2014 results" />}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = [[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]]
|votes = 58,568
|percentage = 40.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
|votes = 47,702
|percentage = 33.22
|change = -23.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]
|votes = 28,528
|percentage = 19.87
|change = -21.77
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,866
|percentage = 7.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 143,588
|percentage = 78.54
|change = +3.74
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Praja Rajyam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli<ref name="2014 results" />}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Peela Govinda Satyanarayana]]
|votes = 79,911
|percentage = 53.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Raghunath Konathala]]
|votes = 57,570
|percentage = 38.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 22,341
|percentage = 14.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 149,837
|percentage = 78.91
|change = +0.37
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Praja Rajyam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Gudivada Amarnath ]]|votes=73,207|percentage=45.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Peela Govinda Satyanarayana]]|votes=65,038|percentage=40.84|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=[[Paruchuri Bhaskara Rao ]]|votes=12,988|percentage=7.53|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=8,169|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anakapalli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Janasena Party
|candidate = [[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
|votes = 1,15,126
|percentage = 66.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Malasala Bharath Kumar
|votes = 49,362
|percentage = 28.57
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Illa Rama Gangadhara Rao
|votes = 1895
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None Of The Above
|votes = 1853
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 65,764
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 172,778
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janasena Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|17.69|83.00|display=title}}
{{Anakapalli district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Anakapalli district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Discovery Channel (India)

2026-04-12T07:25:12Z

Akash Arora:

{{Short description|Indian television channel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Discovery Channel
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1995|8|15|df=y}}<ref>[http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/factual-and-documentary/discovery-channel-to-complete-20-years-in-india-on-15-august-150814 The channel will air special 20 year celebration marathon on 15 and 16 August.... http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/factual-and-documentary/discovery-channel-to-complete-20-years-in-india-on-15-august-150814]</ref>
| logo = 2019 Discovery logo.svg
| owner = [[Warner Bros. Discovery India]]
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| country = India
| language = [[English language|English]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (as Discovery Tamil) [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Hindi]]
| former_names =
| sister_channels = ''See [[List of channels owned by Warner Bros. Discovery India]]''
| website = {{URL | https://www.discoverychannel.co.in/ | Discovery India}}
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] (downscaled to [[576i]] for the SD feed)
| area = Indian subcontinent
| terr_serv_1 = [[DVB-T2]] (India)
| terr_chan_1 = Check local frequencies
| availability_note = - Available on all major Indian DTH & Cables.
| online_serv_1 = [[Discovery+]] (India)
| online_chan_1 = SD & HD
| online_serv_2 = [[Jio TV]] (India)
| online_chan_2 = SD & HD
| online_serv_3 = Amazon Prime Video (India)
| online_chan_3 = SD & HD
}}

'''Discovery Channel''' (often referred to as simply '''Discovery''') is an Indian [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Warner Bros. Discovery India|Warner Bros. Discovery]] for the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Launched on 15 August 1995. It is the Indian version of [[Discovery Channel]]. It is available in five languages including [[Hindi]], English, [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. while the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language has a separate dedicated channel '''[[DTamil]]'''.<ref name="afaqs.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/31348_Discovery-Networks-goes-full-throttle-launches-Discovery-Channel-Tamil|title=Discovery Networks goes full throttle; launches Discovery Channel Tamil|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-13}}</ref><ref name="ultra.news">{{Cite web|url = https://ultra.news/t-t/48193/discovery-becomes-first-channel-to-support-all-south-indian-languages|title = Discovery becomes first channel to support all South Indian languages|date = 12 August 2019|access-date = 21 September 2021|archive-date = 5 November 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211105153844/https://ultra.news/t-t/48193/discovery-becomes-first-channel-to-support-all-south-indian-languages|url-status = dead}}</ref> The channel can be viewed on digital cable and satellite television in India. The channel also available on its OTT services [[Discovery+|Discovery Plus]].<ref name="financialexpress.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/technology/discovery-launches-streaming-app-discovery-plus-at-subscription-fee-of-rs-299-per-annum/1900015/|title=Discovery launches streaming app Discovery Plus at subscription fee of Rs 299 per annum|date=2020-03-17|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref>

==History==
The channel was launched on 15 August 1995. At that time the channel mostly aired shows from its [[Discovery Channel|American counterpart]].

On March 31, 2008, Discovery unveiled a new logo, which took effect on-air on April 15, 2008 (coinciding with the fourth season premiere of ''Deadliest Catch''). The new logo was designed by Viewpoint Creative, and integrated Discovery's long-time globe iconography into the "D" lettering of the wordmark, creating a [[monogram]] that was usable as a standalone icon. The launch was accompanied by a new advertising campaign, "The World is Just Awesome", which featured scenes of Discovery personalities singing an adapted version of the song "[[I Love the Mountains (Boom De Yada)|I Love the Mountains]]". Discovery Channel president John Ford explained that the campaign was intended to "showcase our earned place in the greater pop culture landscape".<ref name="Haugsted">{{Cite web|url=https://www.multichannel.com/news/discovery-times-new-branding-campaign-deadliest-catch-debut-366142|title=Discovery Times New Branding Campaign To 'Deadliest Catch' Debut|last=Haugsted|first=Linda Moss & Linda|website=Multichannel|date=March 31, 2008|language=en-us|access-date=April 9, 2019|archive-date=May 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515042232/https://www.multichannel.com/news/discovery-times-new-branding-campaign-deadliest-catch-debut-366142|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2013 (coinciding with ''Shark Week''), the aforementioned monogram became the main on-air logo as part of a new imaging campaign, "Grab Life By the Globe", which was designed to emphasize the channel's current focus on personality-driven programming. The logo was portrayed in promos with visual effects relevant to their respective program.<ref name="adage.com">{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/media/shark-week-ushers-discovery-channel-revamp/243411|title='Shark Week' Ushers in Discovery Channel Revamp|date=August 2, 2013|website=Ad Age|language=en|access-date=April 9, 2019|archive-date=May 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515042236/https://adage.com/article/media/shark-week-ushers-discovery-channel-revamp/243411|url-status=live}}</ref>

On April 1, 2019, Discovery unveiled a new logo, maintaining a refreshed version of the previous globe and D monogram. The new branding is accompanied by another new imaging campaign, "The World is Ours", which features scenes of Discovery personalities singing the [[Blue Swede]] version of "[[Hooked on a Feeling (song)|Hooked on a Feeling]]". The static version of the globe icon uses a non-standard [[Map projection|projection]] that shows all continents, reflecting Discovery's presence as an international brand.<ref name="hollywoodreporter.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/discovery-launches-global-brand-refresh-1198545|title=Discovery Launches Global Brand Refresh (Exclusive)|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 2019|language=en|access-date=April 9, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406203225/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/discovery-launches-global-brand-refresh-1198545|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, [[Amazon Prime Video]] started streaming Discovery Channel along with its sister channels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Mashable News |date=2021-09-24 |title=Amazon Launches Prime Video Channels In India With Content From 8 Streaming Platforms Under One Roof |url=https://in.mashable.com/tech/24966/amazon-launches-prime-video-channels-in-india-with-content-from-8-streaming-platforms-under-one-roof |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Mashable India |language=en-in}}</ref>

Discovery also partnered with [[Byju's]] for ''Discovery School Super League'', a critical thinking and aptitude-based quiz competition where students can go from representing their schools to representing their states in a nationally televised contest.<ref name="byjus.com">{{Cite web |title=Discovery School Super League Powered by BYJU'S |url=https://byjus.com/about-dssl/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=BYJU'S |language=en}}</ref>

=== Logos ===
<gallery widths="110">
File:Casi discovery channel.jpg|Logo Used by Discovery India from 2010 - 2016.
File:Discovery Networks logo (3).svg|Logo Used by Discovery India From 2016 - 2019
File:2019 Discovery logo.svg|Logo currently used by Discovery India
</gallery>

== Original programming ==
===Current Programming===
* ''[[A Haunting]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Discovery Schedule Today (India) {{!}} Infotainment - Tvwish |url=https://tvwish.com/IN/Channels/Discovery/Schedule/691/Today |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=tvwish.com |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[American Digger (TV series)|American Digger]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Asian Provocateur]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Bear Grylls Survival School''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Breaking Point: Commando School Belgaum''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Devil's Canyon''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Discovery Hits''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Dual Survival]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Ed Stafford: Into The Unknown]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Expedition Unknown With Josh Gates''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Gold Rush''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Food Factory]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Hour China''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[How Do They Do It?]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[How It's Made]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''India's Best Jobs''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[India's Citizen Squad]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[India's Ultimate Warrior]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''In Inner Mongolia''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Man vs. Wild]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[My 600-lb Life]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Man, Woman, Wild''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Naked and Afraid]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''River Monsters''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Real Story Of...''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Revealed: Slachen''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Ross Kemp: Extreme World]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Top 5 Stay Alive''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Veer by Discovery''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Walking The Himalayas''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[What Went Down (TV series)|What Went Down]]''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Wild Frank''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Outrageous Acts of Science|You Have Been Warned]]''<ref name=":0" />

===Original Shows===
This is the list of shows produced by Discovery India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discovery Channel India - Here is the schedule of all the "India Revealed" shows to be aired on Discovery Channel India at 8 PM starting tomorrow. Share it with your friends and get ready to explore our country with us. {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/DiscoveryChannelIndiaOfficial/photos/a.418641814862406/804733622919888/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Chadar, the Ice Trail''
* ''Everest: Indian Army Women's Expedition''
* ''Ganges''
* ''Journey of India''
* ''India's Best Jobs''
* ''[[India's Citizen Squad]]''
* ''India: Living Traditions/Medical Miracle India''
* ''[[India's Ultimate Warrior]]''
* ''Revealed: Rashtrapati Bhavan''
* ''[[Revealed: The Golden Temple]]''
* ''Revealed: The Line of Control''
* ''Revealed: National Defense Academy''
* ''Revealed: Rann of Kutch''
* ''The Discovery of India''
*''Veer by Discover''
* ''Wildest India''

==Associated channels==
===Discovery HD===
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Discovery HD
| launch_date = {{start date|2010|3|5|df=y}}
| logo =
| owner = [[Warner Bros. Discovery India]]
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| country = India
| language = [[English language|English]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]](as Discovery Tamil) [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Hindi]]
| former_names = Discovery HD World
| sister_channels = ''See [[List of channels owned by Warner Bros. Discovery in India]]''
| website =
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]
| area = Indian subcontinent
| online_serv_1 = [[Discovery+]] (India)
| online_chan_1 = SD & HD
| online_serv_2 = [[Jio TV]] (India)
| online_chan_2 = SD & HD
}}

'''Discovery HD ''' (formerly known as '''Discovery HD World''') is the HD time shift version of [[Discovery Channel India]] operated by [[Warner Bros. Discovery India|Warner Bros. Discovery]] for the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Launched on 5 March 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-05 |title=Discovery launches India's first high definition channel |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/26440_discovery-launches-indias-first-high-definition-channel |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=afaqs!}}</ref> The channel runs time shift to main channel. It is available in five languages including [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and while the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language has a separate dedicated channel Discovery Tamil.<ref name="afaqs.com"/><ref name="ultra.news"/> The channel can be viewed on digital cable and satellite television in India. The Discovery Channel has also launched its OTT services [[Discovery+|Discovery Plus]] recently.<ref name="financialexpress.com"/>

===DTamil===
{{main|Discovery Tamil}}
'''DTamil''' is a separate Tamil dedicated channel of Discovery Channel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/31348_Discovery-Networks-goes-full-throttle-launches-Discovery-Channel-Tamil|title=Discovery Networks goes full throttle; launches Discovery Channel Tamil|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-13}}</ref><ref name="ultra.news"/> The channel can be viewed on digital cable and satellite television in India. The channel is also available on its OTT services [[Discovery+|Discovery Plus]] recently.<ref name="financialexpress.com"/>

==Non-television ventures==
===Discovery School Super League===
Discovery partnered with [[Byju's]] for ''Discovery School Super League'', a critical thinking and aptitude-based quiz competition where students can go from representing their schools to representing their states in a nationally televised contest and win prizes along the way.<ref name="byjus.com"/>
DSSL is the national-level inter-school contest being telecasted on the Discovery channel. DSSL is an aptitude-based competition that provides a platform for students to compete and win awards. Students studying between Class 4 to Class 9 can apply for this contest. In 2022 season 5 was premiered.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETBrandEquity.com |title=Discovery Channel & BYJU'S are back with Season 5 of the biggest quiz show 'Discovery School Super League' - ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/discovery-channel-byjus-are-back-with-season-5-of-the-biggest-quiz-show-discovery-school-super-league/94956889 |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=ETBrandEquity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prime Video: Discovery School Super League |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Discovery-School-Super-League/0PPK6A46KRZSACDOC9AWFV3JY9 |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=www.primevideo.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Digital channels==
===Veer by Discovery===
'''Veer by Discovery''' is India's first dedicated digital channel for the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. The debut series, "Battle Ops", premiered on Discovery Channel & Veer by Discovery digital channel on 26 January 2018. Other series on Veer include "[[India's Citizen Squad]]" and "Breaking Point: Indian Air Force Academy" (part of the larger Breaking Point franchise) among other shows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahluwalia |first=Harveen |date=2017-12-14 |title=Discovery to launch 4 new digital channels in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/WZh7YQUYGmqeHtHBuZCXYN/Discovery-to-launch-4-new-digital-channels-in-India.html |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Citizen Squad on Veer by Discovery. |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/discovery-channel-aims-to-start-a-movement-with-india-s-citizen-squad-118113000345_1.html}}</ref>

==Marketing and branding==
On March 31, 2008, Discovery unveiled a new logo, which took effect on-air on April 15, 2008 (coinciding with the fourth season premiere of ''Deadliest Catch''). The new logo was designed by Viewpoint Creative, and integrated Discovery's long-time globe iconography into the "D" lettering of the wordmark, creating a [[monogram]] that was usable as a standalone icon. The launch was accompanied by a new advertising campaign, "The World is Just Awesome", which featured scenes of Discovery personalities singing an adapted version of the song "I Love the Mountains". Discovery Channel president John Ford explained that the campaign was intended to "showcase our earned place in the greater pop culture landscape".<ref name="Haugsted"/>

In August 2013 (coinciding with ''Shark Week''), the aforementioned monogram became the main on-air logo as part of a new imaging campaign, "Grab Life By the Globe", which was designed to emphasize the channel's current focus on personality-driven programming. The logo was portrayed in promos with visual effects relevant to their respective program.<ref name="adage.com"/>

On April 1, 2019, Discovery unveiled a new logo, maintaining a refreshed version of the previous globe and D monogram. The new branding is accompanied by another new imaging campaign, "The World is Ours", which features scenes of Discovery personalities singing the [[Blue Swede]] version of "[[Hooked on a Feeling (song)|Hooked on a Feeling]]". The static version of the globe icon uses a non-standard [[Map projection|projection]] that shows all continents, reflecting Discovery's presence as an international brand.<ref name="hollywoodreporter.com"/>

==See also==
* [[Cartoon Network India|Cartoon Network]]
* [[CNN International South Asia|CNN International]]
* [[Discovery Science (Indian TV channel)|Discovery Science]]
* [[HBO India|HBO]]
* [[Pogo TV|Pogo]]
* [[WB Channel]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Warner Bros. Discovery}}

[[Category:Discovery Channel|India]]
[[Category:English-language television stations in India]]
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Discovery India]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1995]]

2022 Bihar Caste-Based Survey

2026-04-10T17:25:28Z

Akash Arora: started new info...

{{Short description|2023 Survey in Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox census
| name = 2022 Bihar Caste-Based Survey
| logo = Seal of Bihar.svg
| logo_size = 110
| logo_caption = [[Emblem of Bihar|Seal of Bihar]]
| image = Nitish Kumar inaugurating caste based census in 2023 part 2.jpg
| image_caption = Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] inaugurating caste based census in 2023
| region = [[Bihar]]
| date = January 2023 - August 2023
| population = 130,725,310<ref name="Survey data out">{{Cite news|title=Bihar caste survey data out: What it says|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/bihar-caste-census-data-8965210/|website=The Indian Express|language=en|date=2 October 2023}}</ref>
| percent_change =
| region_type = District
| most_populous =
| least_populous =
| additional_label1 = [[Religion in India|Religion]]
| additional_data1 = {{ubl|81.99% [[Hinduism]]|17.70% [[Islam]]|0.08% [[Buddhism]]|0.06% [[Christianity]]|0.01% [[Jainism]]|0.01% [[Sikhism]]|0.13% Others}}
| additional_label2 = [[Forward caste|General Communities]]
| additional_data2 = 20,291,679 (15.52%)<ref name=CensusFig/>
| additional_label3 = [[Other Backward Class]]es
| additional_data3 = 82,544,450 (63.14%)<ref name=CensusFig/>
| additional_label4 = [[Scheduled Castes]]
| additional_data4 = 25,689,820 (19.65%)<ref name=CensusFig/>
| additional_label5 = [[Scheduled Tribes]]
| additional_data5 = 2,199,361 (1.68%)<ref name=CensusFig>{{cite news | title=Bihar government releases caste survey data; OBCs, EBCs account for 63 pc of population | website=ANI News | date=October 2, 2023 | url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bihar-government-releases-caste-survey-data-obcs-ebcs-account-for-63-pc-of-population20231002142813/ | access-date=November 11, 2023}}</ref>
| previous_census =
| previous_year =
| next_census =
| next_year =
| authority = [[Government of Bihar]]
| website =
}}
The '''2022 Bihar Caste-Based Survey''' was notified by the [[Government of Bihar]] on 6 June 2022 by gazette notification after a Supreme Court ruling.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tewary|first=Amarnath|date=2023-01-20|title=Bihar caste survey : Nitish Kumar welcomes Supreme Court decision|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nitish-kumar-welcomes-scs-dismissal-of-pleas-against-bihar-caste-survey/article66413552.ece|access-date=2023-02-14|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2023-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214160633/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nitish-kumar-welcomes-scs-dismissal-of-pleas-against-bihar-caste-survey/article66413552.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/t10-january-21-2023/6-let-the-caste-count-begin/articleshow/97181146.cms|title=Let the caste count begin|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date= 20 March 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230320103836/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/t10-january-21-2023/6-let-the-caste-count-begin/articleshow/97181146.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The survey was conducted in two phases, house listing and caste and economic enumeration. The data collection for the survey began on 7 January 2023 and the data was released on 2 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-01-06|title=Bihar caste census to begin from January 7|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-caste-census-survey-to-begin-from-january-7/article66346339.ece|access-date=2023-02-14|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2023-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214160627/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-caste-census-survey-to-begin-from-january-7/article66346339.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Survey data out"/> The responsibility to conduct the survey was given to the General Administration Department (GAD) of the [[Government of Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/second-phase-of-caste-census-starts-in-bihar-101681601188589.html|title=Second phase of caste census starts in Bihar|date=16 April 2023|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=14 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614203118/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/second-phase-of-caste-census-starts-in-bihar-101681601188589.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The government planned to collect the data digitally by mobile application named Bijaga- ''Bihar Jaati Adharit Ganana''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/bihar-caste-survey-officials-directed-to-complete-data-entry-by-today-evening-8890630/|title=Bihar caste survey: Officials directed to complete data entry by today evening, says Patna DM|date=13 August 2023 }}</ref> BELTRON ([[Bihar State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd.]]), a [[Government of Bihar]] agency provided IT support,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pending-in-sc-questions-survey-census-privacy-issues-8965681/|title=Pending in SC: Questions on if it is survey or census, privacy issues|date=2 October 2023 }}</ref> hiring the services of Maharashtra-based private firm Trigyn Technologies to develop the mobile app.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/ground-reports/no-caste-without-code-bihar-census-is-counting-writing-new-identity-politics/1530962/|title=No caste without code—Bihar is counting and writing a new identity politics|date=21 April 2023|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502073621/https://theprint.in/ground-reports/no-caste-without-code-bihar-census-is-counting-writing-new-identity-politics/1530962/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Bihar government spent nearly ₹5 billion rupees in this work from its contingency fund (Bihar Aakasmikta Nidhi).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-caste-based-census-to-be-finished-by-february-2023-cabinet-101654177609459.html|title=Bihar caste-based census gets cabinet nod, to be completed by February 2023|date=2 June 2022|access-date=15 February 2023|archive-date=15 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215061136/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-caste-based-census-to-be-finished-by-february-2023-cabinet-101654177609459.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from government employees, [[Anganwadi]] workers and Jeevika Didi also worked to complete the survey till given target of May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Caste-based survey to begin in Bihar from Jan 7 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/caste-based-survey-to-begin-in-bihar-from-jan-seven-2317937-2023-01-05|access-date=2023-02-14|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214162250/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/caste-based-survey-to-begin-in-bihar-from-jan-seven-2317937-2023-01-05|url-status=live}}</ref> A portal was prepared for caste-based enumeration in Bihar. The digital work for caste-based enumeration in Bihar was entrusted to a Delhi-based company Trigyn Technologies.<ref name="leftout">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-government-considers-mop-up-round-for-caste-based-survey-after-complaints-of-exclusion-by-enumerators-101691857091553.html|title=Bihar caste survey: Govt mulls mop-up round for those left out|date=12 August 2023 }}</ref> The survey counted the 214 castes on Bihar government list.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/expectations-high-among-villagers-tepid-response-among-urbanites-to-bihar-s-caste-based-survey-101673803008840.html|title=Expectations high among villagers, tepid response among urbanites to Bihar's caste-based survey|date=15 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214173740/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/expectations-high-among-villagers-tepid-response-among-urbanites-to-bihar-s-caste-based-survey-101673803008840.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the list, 22 were counted in [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]], 32 in [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]], 30 in [[Other Backward Class|Backward Classes]], 113 in Extremely Backward Classes and 7 in Upper Castes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-caste-suvey-in-bihar-patna-had-the-highest-population-of-ahirs-kurmis-and-babhans-100-years-ago-23026260.html|title=पटना में 100 साल पहले सबसे अधिक अहीर, कुर्मी और बाभन की थी आबादी; इस बार होगी इन 204 जातियों की गणना|access-date=2023-02-14|archive-date=2023-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214174332/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-caste-suvey-in-bihar-patna-had-the-highest-population-of-ahirs-kurmis-and-babhans-100-years-ago-23026260.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-caste-census-survey-112-ebc-castes-under-reserved-category-see-full-list-101696243258377.html|title=Bihar caste census survey: 112 EBC castes under reserved category. See full list}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bihar-caste-survey-the-importance-of-being-ebc-in-state-8965283/|title=Bihar caste survey: The importance of being EBC in state}}</ref>

==First phase==
[[File:Nitish Kumar inaugurating caste based census in 2023 in his ancestral village of Bakhtiarpur with his family members part3.jpg|thumb|Nitish Kumar in conversation with the officials conducting the caste based survey, in his ancestral village of Bakhtiarpur on 15 April 2023]]
The first phase of the caste-based survey started in Bihar from January 7, 2023, and ended on January 21.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/caste-survey-2-60-crore-families-identified-in-bihar-till-january-20/articleshow/97216990.cms|title=Caste survey: 2.60 crore families identified in Bihar till January 20|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214181744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/caste-survey-2-60-crore-families-identified-in-bihar-till-january-20/articleshow/97216990.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The number of all households in the State were counted and recorded in the first phase.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-caste-survey-phase-1-done-form-for-next-phase-still-being-finalised/article66435951.ece |title=Phase 1 completed, form for next stage still being finalised |newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 January 2023 |last1=Lakshman |first1=Abhinay |access-date=14 February 2023 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214162456/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-caste-survey-phase-1-done-form-for-next-phase-still-being-finalised/article66435951.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The second phase will be calculated on the basis of the data of the first phase. All the data collected in the first phase is uploaded on this portal and these data will be available to the enumerators and supervisors at the time of second enumeration on the mobile app. In the first phase of caste census, census workers reached about 25,890,497 families across Bihar in 38 districts, which have 534 blocks and 261 urban local bodies and numbered the houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/caste-based-census-first-phase-begins-in-bihar-over-2-58-cr-families-across-38-districts-to-be-counted/videoshow/96816215.cms|title=Caste-based Census: First phase begins in Bihar; over 2.58 cr families across 38 districts to be counted|date=7 January 2023|access-date=15 February 2023|archive-date=15 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215080950/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/caste-based-census-first-phase-begins-in-bihar-over-2-58-cr-families-across-38-districts-to-be-counted/videoshow/96816215.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In the first phase, the name of the head of the family and the number of members living there were recorded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-kumar-launches-caste-based-survey-says-people-will-be-hugely-benefitted-after-recognition-of-their-economic-status/articleshow/96820227.cms|title=Nitish Kumar launches caste-based survey, says people will be hugely benefitted after recognition of their economic status|newspaper=The Times of India|date=7 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214181556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-kumar-launches-caste-based-survey-says-people-will-be-hugely-benefitted-after-recognition-of-their-economic-status/articleshow/96820227.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> More than 518,000 personnel were engaged in the caste census of the first phase which began on January 7. A survey of 1.435 million families was done in the district of Patna, left out families can give information to District Caste Enumeration Cell.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-caste-survey-people-staying-in-joint-families-want-them-listed-as-separate-family-units-for-govt-doles-101674666757116.html|title=Bihar caste survey: People staying in joint families want them listed as separate family units for govt doles|date=25 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214172022/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-caste-survey-people-staying-in-joint-families-want-them-listed-as-separate-family-units-for-govt-doles-101674666757116.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Second phase==
[[File:Nitish Kumar inaugurating caste based census in 2023 part 1.jpg|thumb|Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar inaugurating the second phase of the caste based survey on 15 April 2023, from his ancestral village, Bakhtiarpur]]

In second phase of the survey, which started on April 15, 2023, and ended on May 15, 2023, people living in the households, their castes, sub-castes, and socio-economic conditions etc., were collected. The survey ended on May 31, 2023. In this phase, over 304,000 enumerators asked respondents 17 questions, including caste.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/203-castes-in-bihar-to-choose-from-as-2nd-leg-of-survey-begins-april-15-101679588703223.html|title=203 castes in Bihar to choose from as 2nd leg of survey begins April 15|date=23 March 2023|access-date=25 March 2023|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325143629/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/203-castes-in-bihar-to-choose-from-as-2nd-leg-of-survey-begins-april-15-101679588703223.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Every enumerator has been given a target to reach out to 150 households. While all 17 questions are mandatory, filling Aadhaar number, caste certificate number and ration card number of the head of the family, are optional.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-caste-based-survey-2nd-phase-form-ready-enumerators-being-trained-statisticians-worry-about-data-integrity/article66668067.ece|title=As Bihar readies for caste survey, statisticians worry about data|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 March 2023|access-date=30 March 2023|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330011603/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-caste-based-survey-2nd-phase-form-ready-enumerators-being-trained-statisticians-worry-about-data-integrity/article66668067.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Bihar government has set different codes for 215 different castes of the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/caste-code-in-bihar-jatigat-janganana-know-about-jati-code-list-of-bihar-caste-census-second-phase-skt|title=बिहार में 215 जातियों का कोड जारी, जातीय जनगणना के लिए अपनी जाति का कोड जानिए|date=5 April 2023|access-date=5 April 2023|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405170838/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/caste-code-in-bihar-jatigat-janganana-know-about-jati-code-list-of-bihar-caste-census-second-phase-skt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/bihar-caste-census-starting-counting-people-with-cast-census-or-jati-janganna-with-caste-religion-code-coding-2023-04-05|title=Bihar Caste Census : जातिगत गणना में 'अ'धर्म का भी कोड, 214 जातियां हैं...कोड-1 की जाति का नाम जानते हैं?|access-date=2023-04-05|archive-date=2023-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405170837/https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/bihar-caste-census-starting-counting-people-with-cast-census-or-jati-janganna-with-caste-religion-code-coding-2023-04-05|url-status=live}}</ref> The sub-categories of a particular caste concerned have been merged into one single social entity,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/bhumihar-or-bhumihar-brahmin-in-bihar-caste-census-from-today-caste-code-in-caste-census-of-bihar-for-bhumihar-2023-04-15|title=Bihar Caste Census 11 : इस श्रेणी के ब्राह्मण कह रहे भूमिहार कोई जाति नहीं, आज से हो रही जातीय जन-गणना|access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516113138/https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/bhumihar-or-bhumihar-brahmin-in-bihar-caste-census-from-today-caste-code-in-caste-census-of-bihar-for-bhumihar-2023-04-15|url-status=live}}</ref> and they have one numerical caste code for use during the month-long second phase of caste-based headcount.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/sub-categories-of-castes-merged-given-code-for-caste-based-survey/articleshow/99281038.cms|title=Bihar: Sub-categories of castes merged, given code for caste-based survey|newspaper=The Times of India|date=6 April 2023|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=13 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713043046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/sub-categories-of-castes-merged-given-code-for-caste-based-survey/articleshow/99281038.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, there will be special strictness regarding the registration of names in this phase. If someone tries to write the name twice, now the app will mark such people. The names of people living outside the state will also be registered.

On 15 April 2023, [[Nitish Kumar]] launched 2nd phase of caste-based survey from his ancestral home at [[Bakhtiarpur|Bakhtiyarpur]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-kumar-launches-2nd-phase-of-caste-based-survey-from-his-ancestral-home-at-bakhtiyarpur/articleshow/99522418.cms|title=Nitish Kumar launches 2nd phase of caste-based survey from his ancestral home at Bakhtiyarpur|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 April 2023|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416071711/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-kumar-launches-2nd-phase-of-caste-based-survey-from-his-ancestral-home-at-bakhtiyarpur/articleshow/99522418.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-chief-minister-nitish-kumar-launches-2nd-phase-of-caste-based-survey-from-his-hometown-bakhtiyarpur-3951233|title=Nitish Kumar Launches 2nd Phase Of Caste-Based Survey From His Hometown|access-date=2023-04-16|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416054621/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-chief-minister-nitish-kumar-launches-2nd-phase-of-caste-based-survey-from-his-hometown-bakhtiyarpur-3951233|url-status=live}}</ref> Newborns born from January 22, 2023, till the end of the second phase are not counted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/begusarai-caste-census-in-bihar-children-of-this-age-are-not-being-included-caste-based-census-5946917.html|title=Caste Census In Bihar: जाति आधारित गणना में इस उम्र के बच्चों को नहीं किया जा रहा शामिल, जानिए वजह|date=21 April 2023|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=28 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428100428/https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/begusarai-caste-census-in-bihar-children-of-this-age-are-not-being-included-caste-based-census-5946917.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Nitish Kumar informed that once the data work is completed, the report of the caste-based survey would be tabled in the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar Vidhan Sabha]] and the [[Bihar Legislative Council|Bihar Vidhan Parishad]]. After that the report would be made public. The work of the second phase of counting will be done from April 15 to May 15, 2023, in all 261 urban local bodies and 534 blocks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/in-bihar-census-caste-code-for-third-gender-community-triggers-row/article66710725.ece|title=In Bihar census, caste code for 'third gender' community triggers row|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 April 2023|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603043308/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/in-bihar-census-caste-code-for-third-gender-community-triggers-row/article66710725.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 16, 2023, the data entry work of the caste-based census was completed.

{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ class="nowrap" | List of 17 questions in second phase
! S.no !! Question
|-
| 1 || Full name of family member
|-
| 2 || Father's / husband's name
|-
| 3 || Relation to the head of the family
|-
| 4 || Age (in years)
|-
| 5 || Gender
|-
| 6 || Marital status
|-
| 7 || Religion
|-
| 8 || Caste
|-
| 9 || Temporary migration status (place of work or study, whether within or outside state, country or abroad)
|-
| 10 || Educational qualifications (pre-primary to post master's degree)
|-
| 11 || Profession (ranges from government to private job in organised or unorganised sector, self-employed, farmer [owner of farm land], agricultural labourer, construction labourer, other labourer, skilled labourer, beggar, rag-picker, student, housewife to those having no work)
|-
| 12 || Ownership of computer/laptop (with or without internet connectivity)
|-
| 13 || Motor vehicle (two-wheeler, three-wheeler, four-wheeler, six-wheeler or more, tractor)
|-
| 14 || Agricultural land (area from 0-50 decimals to 5 acres and above)
|-
| 15 || Residential land (area from 5 decimals land to 20 decimals and above; flat owner in a multi-storied apartment)
|-
| 16 || Monthly income from all sources(ranging from a minimum 0- {{INR}} 6,000 to a maximum {{INR}} 50,000 and above)
|-
| 17 || Residential condition (pucca/thatched house, hutment or homeless)
|}

==Anecdote and protests==
In April 2023, there was an incident during the caste census; around 40 women in a red-light area of Ward No. 7 in Bihar's [[Arwal district]] declared a man named Roopchand as their husband. Some of them even mentioned name Roopchand as their father's name and children's name.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/40-women-one-husband-bihar-caste-census-rupchand-2364873-2023-04-26|title=40 women, one husband: Bihar caste census stumbles upon Roopchand|access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503062205/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/40-women-one-husband-bihar-caste-census-rupchand-2364873-2023-04-26|url-status=live}}</ref> When questioned, it was found that Roopchand is not a man. The people of this area call money as Roopchand.

In some places such as [[Masaurhi]] and Dhanarua in Patna district, members of Lohar (blacksmith) community boycotted the caste survey saying that [[Bihar Government]] wants to categorise it under either Lohra/Lohara or [[Kamar (caste)|Kamar]] (carpenter) caste.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/caught-between-loharas-kamars-bihars-lohars-shun-caste-survey-8588309/|title=Caught between Loharas & Kamars, Bihar's Lohars shun caste survey|website=Indian express|date=3 May 2023 |access-date=17 July 2023|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719122856/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/caught-between-loharas-kamars-bihars-lohars-shun-caste-survey-8588309/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Legal battle==
On 20 January 2023, the [[Supreme Court of India]] refused to entertain various pleas challenging Bihar Government's notification to conduct caste-based census in Bihar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2023-01-20 |title=Bihar caste survey {{!}} Nitish Kumar welcomes Supreme Court decision |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nitish-kumar-welcomes-scs-dismissal-of-pleas-against-bihar-caste-survey/article66413552.ece |access-date=2023-02-14 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214160633/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nitish-kumar-welcomes-scs-dismissal-of-pleas-against-bihar-caste-survey/article66413552.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/sc-pleas-bihar-governments-caste-survey-8393622/|title=SC allows caste census, says how else will Bihar fix quota|date=20 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214162802/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/sc-pleas-bihar-governments-caste-survey-8393622/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sc-rejects-pleas-against-bihar-caste-census-calls-them-publicity-litigation-101674213641883.html|title=Pleas against caste census in Bihar merely for publicity: Supreme Court|date=20 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214164343/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sc-rejects-pleas-against-bihar-caste-census-calls-them-publicity-litigation-101674213641883.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The pleas against caste-based survey were filed by many petitioners, including [[Youth For Equality]] group.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/why-we-need-the-bihar-caste-census-8699418/|title=Why we need the Bihar caste census|date=4 July 2023 |access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802202526/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/why-we-need-the-bihar-caste-census-8699418/|url-status=live}}</ref> Chief Minister of Bihar [[Nitish Kumar]] said that the exercise is not caste census, instead its a caste survey.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/its-caste-survey-not-census-bihar-cm-nitish-kumar-on-plea-in-top-court/articleshow/96925356.cms|title=It's caste survey, not census: Bihar CM Nitish Kumar on plea in top court|newspaper=The Times of India|date=12 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214164347/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/its-caste-survey-not-census-bihar-cm-nitish-kumar-on-plea-in-top-court/articleshow/96925356.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/sc-plea-has-no-meaning-ours-is-caste-survey-not-census-nitish/articleshow/96926795.cms|title=SC plea has no meaning, ours is caste survey not census: Nitish|newspaper=The Times of India|date=12 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214164348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/sc-plea-has-no-meaning-ours-is-caste-survey-not-census-nitish/articleshow/96926795.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/government/caste-count-not-census-in-bihar-to-avoid-legal-complications-nitish-kumar|title=Caste 'Count', Not 'Census', in Bihar to Avoid Legal Complications: Nitish Kumar|access-date=2023-02-14|archive-date=2023-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214172237/https://thewire.in/government/caste-count-not-census-in-bihar-to-avoid-legal-complications-nitish-kumar|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 May 2023, [[Patna High Court]] stayed the caste-based survey in its interim order, and directed the state government to keep the survey data, collected so far preserved till the next date of hearing (July 3, 2023).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/setback-for-nitish-kumar-patna-hc-stays-caste-based-survey-in-bihar/articleshow/99984926.cms|title=Setback for Nitish Kumar-led Mahagathbandhan govt, Patna HC stays caste-based survey in Bihar|newspaper=The Times of India|date=4 May 2023|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606075507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/setback-for-nitish-kumar-patna-hc-stays-caste-based-survey-in-bihar/articleshow/99984926.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/patna-high-court-puts-a-stay-on-bihar-caste-based-census/article66811531.ece|title=Patna High Court stays Bihar's caste-based census|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 May 2023|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=4 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504103534/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/patna-high-court-puts-a-stay-on-bihar-caste-based-census/article66811531.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Government of Bihar]] informed [[Patna High Court]] that 80% of the "survey" was completed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/hc-puts-interim-stay-on-bihar-caste-survey-dubs-it-illegal-census/articleshow/99996915.cms|title=HC puts interim stay on Bihar caste survey, dubs it illegal census|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 May 2023|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=25 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525223925/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/hc-puts-interim-stay-on-bihar-caste-survey-dubs-it-illegal-census/articleshow/99996915.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Patna High court asked questions on 11 points from Bihar government in its interim order. [[Government of Bihar]] countered that a central law, Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 empowers state government to carry out all kinds of censuses and surveys, including for caste.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-essential/to-back-caste-survey-bihar-govt-cited-collection-of-statistics-act-what-it-says-why-hc-agreed/1738572/|title=To back caste survey, Bihar govt cited Collection of Statistics Act. What it says & why HC agreed|date=31 August 2023 }}</ref> On 7 July 2023, Patna High court reserved its verdict after hearing a total of 8 PIL pleas challenging various aspects of the survey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/patna-high-court/patna-high-court-reserves-verdict-pleas-challenging-bihar-government-decision-conduct-caste-based-survey-232205|title=Patna High Court Reserves Verdict In Pleas Challenging Bihar Govt's Decision To Conduct Caste-Based Survey In State|date=7 July 2023 |access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801102207/https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/patna-high-court/patna-high-court-reserves-verdict-pleas-challenging-bihar-government-decision-conduct-caste-based-survey-232205|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 August 2023, [[Patna High Court]] gave judgement that holding caste survey in Bihar is valid and legal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-high-court-holds-caste-survey-in-bihar-as-valid-and-legal-dismisses-all-petitions-challenging-survey/articleshow/102305338.cms|title=Patna high court holds caste survey in Bihar as valid and legal, dismisses all petitions challenging survey|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810153007/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-high-court-holds-caste-survey-in-bihar-as-valid-and-legal-dismisses-all-petitions-challenging-survey/articleshow/102305338.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A division bench comprising Chief Justice [[K. Vinod Chandran]] and Justice Partha Sarathy passed the order in its 101-page verdict,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/1053861/why-the-patna-high-court-upheld-bihars-caste-survey|title=Why the Patna High Court upheld Bihar's caste survey|date=10 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811031443/https://scroll.in/article/1053861/why-the-patna-high-court-upheld-bihars-caste-survey|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/15968650/|title=Ek Soch Ek Prayas vs Union Of India on 1 August, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://images.assettype.com/barandbench/2023-08/15ace660-13fc-46e6-b819-4b5cb2e085c2/Youth_for_Equality___Ors_v_State_of_Bihar___Ors.pdf|title=IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA|access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810231806/https://images.assettype.com/barandbench/2023-08/15ace660-13fc-46e6-b819-4b5cb2e085c2/Youth_for_Equality___Ors_v_State_of_Bihar___Ors.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/high-courts-green-signal-to-bihar-caste-survey-challenged-in-supreme-court-4265860|title=High Court's Green Signal To Bihar Caste Survey Challenged In Supreme Court|access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805085129/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/high-courts-green-signal-to-bihar-caste-survey-challenged-in-supreme-court-4265860|url-status=live}}</ref> while dismissing all petitions challenging survey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/hc-upholds-bihar-caste-survey-101690904344728.html|title=HC upholds Bihar caste survey|date=August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812031128/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/hc-upholds-bihar-caste-survey-101690904344728.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/patna-hc-upholds-bihar-caste-based-survey-8873561/|title=Patna HC upholds Bihar caste-based survey: Why it was challenged, what the court said|date=2 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807123729/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/patna-hc-upholds-bihar-caste-based-survey-8873561/|url-status=live}}</ref> The second phase of Bihar's caste-based survey resumed on 2 August 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/second-phase-of-caste-based-survey-resumes-in-bihar/article67150230.ece|title=Second phase of caste-based survey resumes in Bihar|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-13|archive-date=2023-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803140702/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/second-phase-of-caste-based-survey-resumes-in-bihar/article67150230.ece|url-status=live |last1=Bhelari |first1=Amit }}</ref> On 21 August 2023, [[Patna High Court]] disposed of a writ petition seeking deletion of transgenders from caste list, and stated that transgender individuals can make representations to [[Government of Bihar]] to not be considered as a caste.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/patna-high-court-transgender-community-entitled-to-make-representation-seeking-not-to-be-considered-a-caste-101692633979571.html|title=Transgenders can ask govt not to reckon them as a caste: HC|date=21 August 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/transgenders-not-a-caste-but-a-separate-group-patna-hc/articleshow/102924574.cms|title=Transgenders not a caste, but a separate group: Patna HC|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 August 2023 }}</ref> Government of Bihar had filed a counter affidavit to this plea, informing the court that this anomaly was rectified on 25 April 2023 by instructing the enumerators to have three options for gender.

On 21 August 2023, [[Supreme Court of India]] bench comprising Justices [[Sanjiv Khanna]] and [[Sarasa Venkatanarayana Bhatti|SVN Bhatti]] asked Central Government to provide a response within seven days regarding the survey's potential consequences<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/centre-seeks-to-intervene-in-sc-case-on-bihar-caste-survey/articleshow/102918571.cms|title=Centre seeks to intervene in SC case on Bihar caste survey|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 August 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/india-needs-caste-census-more-than-chandrayaan-3-sc-verdict-on-bihar-caste-survey-shows-why/1723274/|title=India needs caste census more than Chandrayaan-3. SC verdict on Bihar caste survey shows why|date=21 August 2023 }}</ref> and subsequently scheduled the matter for resumed hearing on 28 August 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/supreme-court-rejects-stay-on-bihar-caste-survey-without-prima-facie-case-news-312386|title=Supreme Court Rejects Stay On Bihar Caste Survey Without Prima Facie Case}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/will-not-stay-bihar-caste-survey-unless-prima-facie-case-made-out-by-those-opposing-it-sc/article67219252.ece|title=Will not stay Bihar caste survey unless prima facie case made out by those opposing it: SC|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 August 2023 }}</ref> [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Ministry]] filed affidavit in Supreme Court that Census Act allows only Central government to conduct census and actions like a census.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/only-centre-can-conduct-census-or-anything-akin-to-census-union-tells-sc-in-bihar-caste-survey-case/article67245566.ece|title=Only Centre can conduct census, Union tells SC in Bihar caste survey case|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 August 2023 |last1=Rajagopal |first1=Krishnadas }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-caste-survey-nitish-kumar-supreme-court-manoj-kumar-jha-bihar-bjp-centres-correction-on-bihar-caste-survey-affidavit-draws-opposition-fire-4338624|title=Bihar Caste Survey: Centre's "Inadvertent Error" Draws A "Volcano" Warning}}</ref> Later in evening, it backtracked from its previous affidavit and filed a fresh affidavit claiming that the paragraph "inadverdently crept in".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/court-nod-for-bihar-caste-survey-a-shot-in-the-arm-for-regional-parties/article67247843.ece|title=Court nod for Bihar caste survey a shot in the arm for regional parties|date=7 September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/-inadvertent-error-centre-withdraws-affidavit-in-supreme-court-opposing-bihar-caste-census-news-314187|title='Inadvertent Error': Centre Withdraws Affidavit In Supreme Court Opposing Bihar Caste Census}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/government/modi-govt-defensive-over-bihar-caste-survey-changes-affidavit-in-supreme-court|title=Modi Govt Defensive Over Bihar Caste Survey, Changes Affidavit in Supreme Court}}</ref> [[Government of Bihar]] reiterated its previously stated position that the Collection of Statistics Act, 2008, empowers it to conduct such an enumeration exercise in the interest of social justice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-asserts-exclusive-authority-to-conduct-census-seeks-intervention-in-bihar-caste-survey-validity-petitions-101693247745327.html|title=Only Centre can carry out census: Govt to Supreme Court|date=29 August 2023 }}</ref> On 6 September 2023, [[Supreme Court of India]] bench of justices Sanjiv Khanna and SVN Bhatti posted the matter to October 3 and clarified that it had not granted any stay on the publication of the survey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-court-adjourns-hearing-on-bihar-government-s-caste-survey-no-stay-on-publication-centre-s-affidavit-awaited-101694008568111.html|title=Supreme Court adjourns pleas opposing Bihar caste survey, next hearing on Oct 3|date=6 September 2023 }}</ref> On 6 October 2023, [[Supreme Court of India]] refused to issue any interim directive to restrain [[Government of Bihar]] from releasing more caste-census data, and listed the next hearing in the matter in January 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sc-can-t-stop-bihar-from-releasing-more-caste-data-101696616745579.html|title=Can't stop Bihar from releasing more caste-census data: Supreme Court|date=6 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/supreme-court-bihar-government-caste-survey-petitions-8971007/|title=Why did you publish caste survey data, SC asks Bihar govt, refuses to interfere with exercise for now|date=6 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sc-refuses-to-restrain-bihar-government-from-publishing-further-data-from-caste-survey/article67387954.ece|title=SC refuses to order status quo on publication of Bihar caste survey data|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=6 October 2023 |last1=Rajagopal |first1=Krishnadas }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/bihar-caste-census-supreme-court-notice-to-bihar-government-reply-nitish-kumar-2445391-2023-10-06|title=Supreme Court won't stop Bihar from publishing caste survey data, issues notice}}</ref> On 2 January 2024, [[Supreme Court of India]] asked Bihar government to release the break-up of the caste survey data in the public domain, and listed the next hearing in the matter on 5 February 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/supreme-court-bihar-caste-survey-asks-govt-to-file-report-break-up-of-data-should-be-in-public-domain-11704209648418.html|title=SC asks govt to file report on Bihar caste survey: 'Break-up of data should be in public domain'}}</ref>

The findings of the survey increased the overall reservation to 65%, which was eventually struck down by the Patna High Court on 20 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-21 |title=HC strikes down hike in quota by state govt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-high-court-strikes-down-bihar-governments-65-reservation-in-jobs-and-education/articleshow/111152264.cms |access-date=2024-06-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Survey report==
{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style="text-align:center"
|+ Primary Survey Abstract
! rowspan="3" class="unsortable" |Category
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Community
! rowspan="3" {{vert header|stp=1|Reservation}}
! rowspan="3" data-sort-type="number" |Total households
! rowspan="3" |Total population
! colspan="6" |Household monthly income
! colspan="16" |Education
! colspan="3" |Employment
|-
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|less than 6,000}} !!{{vert header|stp=1|6,000 – 10,000}} !!{{vert header|stp=1|10,000 – 20,000}} !!{{vert header|stp=1|20,000 – 50,000}}!! {{vert header|stp=1|above 50,000}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|1 to 5}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|6 to 10}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|11 to 12}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|Diploma}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|Graduate}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|Post Graduate}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|Doctorate/CA}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|Illiterate}}
! colspan="2" {{vert header|stp=1|Govt. job}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Organised Pvt. job}}
|-
!{{vert header|stp=1|Hindu{{efn|includes Budhhist, Jain, Sikh, Christian and others}}}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Muslim}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}} !! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}} !! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|Actual num.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|pct.}}
|-
| '''General''' || 4 || 3|| 10%{{sup|*}}
||{{number and percent|4328282|27668930|2}}|| {{number and percent|20291679|130725310|2}} ||{{number and percent| 1085913 |4328282|2|disp=table}}
|| 23.98% ||19.27%|| 16.95%|| 9.86% ||{{number and percent|3509576|20109207|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|6410968|20109207|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|2813515|20109207|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|233297 |20109207|2|disp=table}} ||{{number and percent| 2921947|20109207|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|502704 |20109207|2|disp=table}} ||{{number and percent| 50377 |20109207|2|disp=table}} ||{{number and percent| 3666823 |20109207|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|641281|20291679|2|disp=table}}
|3.49%
|-
| '''BC''' || 30 || 4|| 12%||{{number and percent|7473529|27668930|2}}|| {{number and percent|35463936|130725310|2}} ||{{number and percent| 2477970 |7473529|2|disp=table}} || 29.35% || 18.42% || 10.67%|| 4.22%||{{number and percent| 7692304|35463936|2|disp=table}} ||{{number and percent| 10760570|35463936|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|3790586|35463936|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|236493 |35463936|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|2533580 |35463936|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|287969 |35463936|2|disp=table}}||{{number and percent| 25284|35463936|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|10137150|35463936|2|disp=table}}|| {{number and percent|621481|35463936|2|disp=table}}
|1.13%
|-
| '''EBC''' || 82 || 31|| 18%||{{number and percent|9884904|27668930|2}}|| {{number and percent|47080514|130725310|2}} ||{{number and percent| 3319509 |9884904|2|disp=table}} || 32.56%|| 18.82% || 8.32% || 2.28% ||{{number and percent|11607532|47080514|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|13743637|47080514|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|3742137|47080514|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|200060|47080514|2|disp=table}}|| {{number and percent|2090749|47080514|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|203328|47080514|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|14143|47080514|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|15478928|47080514|2|disp=table}} || ||0.98%
|0.73%
|-
| '''SC''' || 22
|{{n/a}} || 16% ||{{number and percent|5472024|27668930|2}}|| {{number and percent|25689820|130725310|2}} ||{{number and percent| 2349111|5472024|2|disp=table}} || 29.44%|| 15.32% ||5.9% || 1.72% || {{number and percent|6246358|25689820|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|6393393|25689820|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|1480345 |25689820|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|72256|25689820|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|805420 |25689820|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|72267 |25689820|2|disp=table}} ||{{number and percent| 4353|25689820|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|10615428 |25689820|2|disp=table}} || || 1.13%
|0.51%
|-
| '''ST''' || colspan="2"|32 ||1% ||{{number and percent|470256|27668930|2}}||{{number and percent|2199361|130725310|2}} || {{number and percent| 200809|470256|2|disp=table}} || 25.8%|| 16.97% || 8%|| 2.53% ||{{number and percent|539222|2199361|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|600825|2199361|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|164555|2199361|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|8636 |2199361|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|77871|2199361|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|5980 |2199361|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|505 |2199361|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|801767 |2199361|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|30164|2199361|2|disp=table}}
||0.68%
|- class="sortbottom"
| '''Unspecified''' || colspan="2" | 1 || {{n/a}}
||{{number and percent|39935|27668930|2}}|| ||{{number and percent| 9474 |39935|2|disp=table}} || 22.9%||18.7% || 17.0% || 12.5% || {{number and percent|33431|182472|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|54637 |182472|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|21008 |182472|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|2014 |182472|2|disp=table}} ||{{number and percent| 26500 |182472|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|4452|182472|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|736 |182472|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|39694 |182472|2|disp=table}} || ||
||
|-
! State || colspan="2" | 215 || 50%{{efn|Bihar has [[Reservation in India|reservations]] of 16% for [[Scheduled Castes]], 1% for [[Scheduled Tribes]], and 30% for [[Other Backward Classes]] (12% for Backward Classes, 18% for Extremely Backward Classes). Women in OBCs have an additional 3% reservation. With the 103rd Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2019, 10% reservation for [[Economically Weaker Section]]s in the Unreserved (General) category was introduced, increasing the total reservation in Bihar from 50% to 60%.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nitish Kumar Wants Bihar Caste Quotas Raised To 65%, Past Supreme Court Cap |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nitish-kumar-proposes-bihar-quota-increase-from-50-to-65-4553895 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bihar assembly passes Bill to increase caste quota to 65% |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bill-to-increase-caste-quota-to-65-tabled-in-bihar-assembly-2460874-2023-11-09 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>}} || 27,668,930|| 130,725,310 ||{{number and percent|9442786|27668930|2|disp=table}} || 29.61%|| 18.06%|| 9.83%|| 3.9% || {{number and percent|29628423|130725310|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|37964030|130725310|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|12012146|130725310|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|752756 |130725310|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|8456067 |130725310|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|1076700|130725310|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|95398 |130725310|2|disp=table}} || {{number and percent|40739790|130725310|2|disp=table}}|| {{number and percent|2049370|130725310|2|disp=table}} ||1.22%
|}

===Caste group wise population===

{{Pie chart
|caption=Category-wise distribution of social groups.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2023-10-02 |title=Bihar caste survey {{!}} OBCs, EBCs comprise more than 63% of State's population |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar-caste-survey-obcs-ebcs-comprise-more-than-63-of-population/article67371818.ece |access-date=2023-10-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Caste Survey Report: बिहार में 1 प्रतिशत से अधिक आबादी वाली कितनी हैं जातियां? देखें पूरी लिस्ट |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-bihar-caste-survey-report-how-many-castes-in-bihar-with-more-than-1-percent-population-see-full-list-8791799.html |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>
|value1 = 36.02
|label1 = Extremely Backward Classes
|value2 = 27.13
|label2 = Backward Classes
|value3 = 19.65
|label3 = [[Scheduled Castes]]
|value4 = 15.52
|label4 = [[Forward Castes]]
|value5 = 1.68
|label5 = [[Scheduled Tribes]]
}}

The 2022 Bihar caste-based survey report, released on October 2, 2023, reveals a total population of 130,725,310. Among them, 35,463,936 (27.12%) belong to Backward Classes (BCs), 47,080,514 (36.01%) belong to Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs), collectively constituting 82,544,450 (63.14%) of Other Backward Classes (OBCs). Additionally, 25,689,820 (19.65%) belong to Scheduled Castes (SCs), 2,199,361 (1.68%) belong to Scheduled Tribes (STs), and 20,291,679 (15.52%) belong to the Unreserved (General) communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-caste-survey-ebc-obc-population-8965116/|title=Bihar caste survey released: EBCs form 36% of population, OBCs at 27.13%|date=2 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/with-bihar-caste-survey-how-nitish-kumar-hit-two-targets-in-one-fell-swoop-8965619/|title=With Bihar caste survey, how Nitish Kumar hit two targets in one fell swoop|date=2 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-caste-census-27-13backward-class-15-52-general-category/articleshow/104103634.cms|title=Bihar caste survey released: OBCs, EBCs together account for 63% of total population|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/bihar-publishes-caste-survey-report-obcs-ebcs-consist-of-63-of-population|title=Bihar publishes caste survey report, OBCs, EBCs constitute 63% of population|date=2 October 2023 }}</ref> Among the 214 (excluding one category, "Others", which enumerates people who do not belong to any of the predefined 214 community list) surveyed communities, around 190 castes have a population of less than one percent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/caste-survey-population-of-many-castes-in-bihar-not-even-500/articleshow/104139727.cms|title=Caste survey: Population of many castes in Bihar not even 500|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 October 2023 }}</ref> The survey also indicates that Hindus make up 81.99%, Islam 17.70%, Buddhism 0.08%, Christianity 0.06%, Jainism 0.01%, Sikhism 0.01%, and 0.13% adhere to other unclassified religious beliefs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bihar-caste-based-census-report-interesting-facts-which-caste-and-religions-population-more-lalu-yadav-nitish-kumar-bahubali-jati-yadav-muslim-hindu-23545414.html|title=जाति के आधार पर बिहार में कौन 'बाहुबली', कुल 215 जातियां-6 धर्म; 2000 से ज्‍यादा लोग किसी मजहब को नहीं मानते}}</ref>
{{Brick chart
|caption = Population by religion
|value1 = 81.99
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|color1 = #FF671F
|value2 = 17.70
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value3 = 0.08
|color2= #009000
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value4 = 0.06
|color3 = #EFCA08
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|color4= #5bcffa

|other = [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]] and Other religious beliefs
}}

{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed static-row-numbers"
|+ class="nowrap" |Statistical data for the major social groups<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-bihar-caste-survey-counting-census-full-list-population-share-percent-obc-ebc-upper-caste-muslim-hindu-sc-st-8792660.html|title=Full list of caste and their population|website=Livehindustan|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
! Caste !! State Category !! Population !! Percentage
|-
| [[Yadav]] ([[Ahir]], [[Gowala (caste)|Gowala]], Gora, Ghasi, Mehar and [[Sadgop]]) || BC || {{number and percent|18650119|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Dusadh|Dushadh]] (Dhari, Dharahi) || || {{number and percent|6943000|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Chamar|Ravidas]] (Mochi, Ravidas, Rohidas, Charmkar)|| SC || {{number and percent|6869664|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Kushwaha]] ([[Koeri]]) || ||{{number and percent|5506113|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Shaikhs in North India|Shaikh (caste)]] ([[Muslim]]) || BC ||{{number and percent|4995897|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Brahmin]] || Gen. || {{number and percent|4781280|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Julaha|Momin (Muslim)/Julaha/Ansari]] ([[Muslim]])
|| ||{{number and percent|4634245|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Rajput]] || Gen. || {{number and percent|4510733|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Musahar]] || EBC || {{number and percent|4035787|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Kurmi]] || || {{number and percent|3762969|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Bhumihar]] || || {{number and percent|3750886|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Teli]] || || {{number and percent|3677491|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Mallaah|Mallah]] ([[Nishad]]) || || {{number and percent|3410093|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] (Sudhi, Modak/Mamas, Roniyar, Pansari, Modi, Karora, Kesharvani, Thathera, Kalwar (Kalal/Iraqi), (Vigahut Kalwar), Kamlapuri Vaishya, Mahuri Vaishya, Bangi Vaishya (Bangali Baniya), Baranwal Vaishya, Agrahari Vaishya, Vaishya Poddar, Kasaudhan, Gandhbanik, Batham Vaishya, Goldar (East/Wesh Champaran) || || {{number and percent|3026912|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Kanu (caste)|Kanu]] || ||{{number and percent|2892761|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Dhanuk]] || || {{number and percent|2796605|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Nonia]] || || {{number and percent|2498474|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Surjapuri Muslim (except Sheikh, Syed, Mullick, Mughal, Pathan) ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|2446212|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Pan, Sawasi, Panar || || {{number and percent|2228343|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Nai (caste)|Nai]] || || {{number and percent|2082048|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Chandravanshi ([[Kahar]], Kamkar) || || {{number and percent|2055644|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Barhai (carpenter) || || {{number and percent|1895672|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Dhuniya ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|1888192|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Kumhar]] (Prajapati) || || {{number and percent|1834418|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
|Rayeen or [[Kunjra]] ([[Muslim]]) || ||{{number and percent|1828584|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Shershahbadi ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|1302644|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Pasi || || {{number and percent|1288031|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Bind || || {{number and percent|1285358|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Kulhaiya ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|1253781|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Bhuiya || || {{number and percent|1174460|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
|[[Dhobi]] (Rajak) || || {{number and percent|1096158|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Pathans in India|Pathan]] (Khan) ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|986665|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Sunar|Sonar]] || || {{number and percent|893276|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Kayastha]] || || {{number and percent|785771|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Sai/[[Faqeer]]/Diwan/Madar ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|663197|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Gangota]] (Gangaputra) || || {{number and percent|648493|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Barai, Tamoli, Chaurasiya || || {{number and percent|616092|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Beldar]] ([[Hindu]]) || || {{number and percent|483554|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Dhobi ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|409796|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Pal (Bhedihar, Gaderi, Gaderiya) || || {{number and percent|363529|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
|[[Mali caste|Mali]] || ||{{number and percent|349285|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
|[[Dangi people|Dangi]] || ||{{number and percent|336629|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Idrisi (tribe)|Idrisi]] or [[Darzi]] ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|329661|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Sayyid|Syed]] ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|297975|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Dom (caste)|Dom]], Dhangadh, Bansfor, Dharikar, Dharkar, Domra
| || {{number and percent|263512|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Hari Mehtar, Bhangi || || {{number and percent|255582|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Rajbhar || || {{number and percent|224722|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Churihar|Chudihar]] ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|207914|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Thakurai]] ([[Muslim]])|| || {{number and percent|147482|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Qasab (Qasai) ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|133807|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Malik clan (Biha)|Mullick]] ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|111655|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Nat || || {{number and percent|105358|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Bhat ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|89052|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Madariya (Only for Sanhaul block of Bhagalpur and Dhoriya block of Banka) ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|86658|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Daphali ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|73259|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Mehtar, [[Lal Begi|Lalbegi]], [[Halalkhor]], [[Bhangi]] ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|69914|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Mirshikar|Morshikar]]([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|66607|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Pamaria ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|64890|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Nat ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|61629|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Gaddis|Gaddi]] ([[Muslim]])|| || {{number and percent|57617|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Mukairi ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|56522|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Cheeq ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|50404|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Jats|Jat]] (Madhubani, Darbhanga, Sitamadhi, Khagaria & Araria) ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|44949|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Rangrez ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|43347|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Bakho ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|36830|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Bhathiyara ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|27263|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Sainthwar]] || || {{number and percent|20505|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Saikalgarg ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|18936|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Qadar ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|18121|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Miriyasin ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|15415|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Nalband ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|11900|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Christian Convert (EBC) || || {{number and percent|11506|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Madari ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|11620|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Abdal ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|11433|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Christian Convert (Harijan) || || {{number and percent|9708|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Itfarosh/Itafarosh/Gadheri/Itpaz Ibrahimi ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|9462|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Qalandar (caste)|Qalandar]] ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|7873|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| Qaghzi ([[Muslim]]) || || {{number and percent|2360|130725310|4|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Shekhra]]|| || {{number and percent|01904|248948|4|disp=table}}
|}

=== Key findings ===

* 34.13% of the households in the states were identified as poor, earning less than {{INR}} 6,000 per month. Among them, 42.93% were Scheduled Castes, 42.7% were Scheduled Tribes, 33.58% were Extremely Backward Classes, 33.16% were Backward Castes, and 25.09% were from General Categories.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhelari |first=Amit |date=2023-11-07 |title=Bihar caste-based survey report {{!}} Poverty highest among Scheduled Castes, lowest among Kayasths |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihars-caste-based-survey-report-shows-yadavs-hold-most-govt-jobs-among-obcs/article67509087.ece |access-date=2023-11-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-caste-survey-over-42-sc-st-families-poor-says-bihar-caste-survey-4553342|title="34% Earn ₹ 6,000 Or Less": Bihar Survey Reveals Wealth, Education Data}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/opinion/bihar-caste-survey-anaylsing-the-larger-patterns-in-the-released-data#read-more|title=Bihar Caste Survey: Analysing the Larger Patterns in the Released Data|date=17 November 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bihar-releases-fresh-caste-survey-data-says-33-obcs-42-scs-are-poor-101699349607611.html|title=Bihar releases fresh caste survey data, says 33% OBCs, 42% SCs are poor|date=7 November 2023 }}</ref>
* 4% of the households in the states earn more than ₹50,000 per month. This group includes 9.86% of the General Category members, 2.28% of the Extremely Backward Classes members, and 1.72% of the Scheduled Castes members.<ref name="Findings">{{cite news | last1=Roy | first1=Anirban Guha | last2=Pathak | first2=Subhash | title=Decoding findings of Bihar's caste survey report | website=Hindustan Times | date=November 8, 2023 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/decoding-findings-of-bihars-caste-survey-report-101699396896631.html | access-date=November 11, 2023}}</ref>
* 16.73% of the state population work as laborers, 7.70% are engaged in the agricultural sector, and 3.05% are self-employed. Government jobs are held by 1.57%, and 3.36% work in the private sector. Within the private sector, 1.22% are employed in the organized sector, and 2.14% work in the unorganized sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/nitish-kumar-govt-rides-caste-survey-to-hike-quota-numbers-show-flip-side-9026846/|title=Nitish Kumar govt rides caste survey to hike quota, but numbers show flip side: only 1.5% in govt jobs|website=Indian express|date=15 November 2023 |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
* 2,049,000 (i.e., 1.5%) state's population have government employment.<ref name=ienews/> 3.19% of individuals from the General Category, 1.37% from Scheduled Tribes, 1.13% from Scheduled Castes, and 0.98% from Extremely Backward Classes are employed in government employment in their respective categories.
* In the state, 22.67% completed primary education, 14.33% reached secondary level, 14.71% attained high school education, and 6.47% hold graduate degrees.
*Among the graduates, 14.54% belong to General Categories, 9.14% to backward classes, 4.44% to Extremely Backward Classes, 3.12% to Scheduled Castes, and 3.53% to Scheduled Tribes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/decoding-findings-of-bihars-caste-survey-report-101699396896631.html|title=Decoding findings of Bihar's caste survey report|website=Hindustan Times|date=8 November 2023 |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
* 95.49% of state's population do not possess any vehicles.<ref name=ienews>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/nitish-kumar-govt-rides-caste-survey-to-hike-quota-numbers-show-flip-side-9026846/|title=Nitish Kumar govt rides caste survey to hike quota, but numbers show flip side: only 1.5% in govt jobs|date=15 November 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/bihar-95-49-pc-people-dont-own-any-vehicle-says-caste-survey-report/articleshow/105067570.cms|title=Bihar: 95.49 pc people don't own any vehicle, says caste survey report|newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 November 2023 }}</ref>
* Among the well-off Hindu upper caste, the numerically minuscule Kayasthas is most well-off.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bihar-caste-survey-reveals-over-one-third-household-earns-less-than-rs-6-000-a-month-11699349648727.html|title=Bihar Caste Survey reveals over one-third household earns less than ₹6,000 a month}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/bihar-caste-census-4-srivastava-lala-and-lal-remain-kayasthas-bihar-survey-castes-news-in-hindi-2023-04-06|title=Bihar Caste Census 4 : श्रीवास्तव, लाला और लाल रह गए कायस्थ...वरना दर्जी के रूप में दर्ज हो जाते}}</ref>

===Socio-economic status of castes===
The [[Other Backward Class]] category has played pivotal role in politics of Bihar and their socio-economic status changed remarkably after the [[Mandal Commission|Mandal Politics]] of 1990s. This category also holds significant position in social and economic life of state. Analysis of the survey report by some news reports showed that the prominent OBC castes, [[Yadav]], [[Koeri]], [[Kurmi]] and [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] were the biggest beneficiary in the post mandal politics of Backward Castes. They also improved their socio-economic status and remained significant holders of government jobs. It was also found that Yadavs with biggest share in population of state at 14.26%, were less represented in government jobs in proportion of their population. In their comparison, two other prominent castes [[Koeri]] and [[Kurmi]] were better represented. The Koeri and Kurmis with much smaller population size were also found to be in better socio-economic condition. It was opined that this was a consequence of better position of Koeri and Kurmis in land ownership and educational progress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-bihar-economic-census-report-powerful-dabang-caste-yadav-participation-in-government-jobs-is-very-poor-koeri-kurmi-bhumihar-and-kayastha-is-very-good-7811516.html|title=बिहार की सबसे 'दबंग' जाति, मगर सरकारी नौकरी में फिसड्डी, आखिर क्यों पिछड़ गए इस समाज के लोग!|website=News18|date=7 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|+ class="nowrap" | Table of employment among significant social groups
! Caste !! Category !! Number of people in government jobs<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/bihar/story/educational-and-economic-data-of-population-in-bihar-caste-census-ntc-1814281-2023-11-07|title=बिहार में सिर्फ 7% ग्रेजुएट, सवर्ण जातियों के 25 प्रतिशत परिवार गरीब... बिहार में जातिगत जनजणना के आर्थिक आंकड़े आए सामने|website=AajTak|date=7 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref>!! Percentage of population in government jobs
|-
| [[Yadav]] || [[Other Backward Caste]]|| 289,538 || 1.55%
|-
| [[Kushwaha]] ([[Koeri]]) || [[Other Backward Caste]] || 112,106 || 2.04%
|-
| [[Kurmi]] || [[Other Backward Caste]] || 117,171 || 3.11%
|-
| [[Bhumihar]] || [[Forward Caste]]|| 187,256 || 4.9%
|-
| [[Rajput]] || [[Forward Caste]]|| 171,933 || 3.81%
|-
| [[Brahmin]] || [[Forward Caste]]|| 172,259 || 3.60%
|-
| [[Kayastha]] || [[Forward Caste]]|| 52,490 || 6.68%
|-
| [[Paswan]] (Dusadh) ||[[Schedule Caste]]|| 99,230 || 1.44%
|-
| Ravidas ([[Chamar]]) ||[[Schedule Caste]]|| 82,290 || 1.20%
|-
|[[Dhobi]] ||[[Schedule Caste]]|| 34,372 || 3.14%
|-
|[[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]] ||[[Schedule Caste]]|| 25,754|| 2%
|-
|[[Musahar]] ||[[Schedule Caste]]|| 10,615 || 0.26%
|-
|[[Bania (caste)|Bania]] (Sudhi, Modak/Mayra, Rauniyar, Pansari, Modi, Kasera, Thathera, [[Kalwar (caste)|Kalwar]]/Kalal/Eki, Kamalapuri Vaishya, Mahuri Vaishya, Bangi Vaishya, Baranwal Vaishya, Kesharvani, Agrahari Vaishya, Vaishya Poddar, Kasaudhan, Gandhvanik, Batham Vaishya, Goldar)||[[Other Backward Caste]]|| 59,286 || 1.96%
|-
| [[Teli]]||[[Other Backward Caste|Extremely Backward Caste]]|| 53,056 || 1.44%
|-
| [[Kandu|Kanu]]||[[Other Backward Caste|Extremely Backward Caste]]|| 34,404|| 1.19%
|-
| [[Dhanuk]]||[[Other Backward Caste|Extremely Backward Caste]]|| 33,337|| 1.19%
|-
| [[Kahar]] (Chandravanshi)||[[Other Backward Caste|Extremely Backward Caste]]|| 31,200|| 1.45%
|-
| [[Nai (caste)|Nai]]||[[Other Backward Caste|Extremely Backward Caste]]|| 28,756|| 1.38%
|-
| [[Barhai]]||[[Other Backward Caste|Extremely Backward Caste]]|| 20,279|| 1.07%
|-
| [[Mallaah]]||[[Other Backward Caste|Extremely Backward Caste]]|| 14,100 || 0.41%
|-
| [[Lonia|Nonia]]||[[Other Backward Caste|Extremely Backward Caste]]|| 14,226 || 0.57%
|-
| [[Shaikhs in North India|Sheikh]]||[[Forward Caste ]]|| 39,595|| 0.7%
|}

As per the survey, 95.49% of the people in Bihar do not own any vehicle. This means out of the total population of the state, 12,48,00,000 people do not own any vehicle.<ref name=News18>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-bihar-caste-based-census-report-less-than-5-percent-people-have-their-own-vehicles-know-details-7811424.html|title=बिहार में 4.5% लोगों के पास अपनी गाड़ी, जानें कार से लेकर बाइक तक का क्या है स्टेटस|website=News18|date=7 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>

* Around 3.80% people of Bihar own two-wheeler vehicles. In absolute figures, there are 49,62,000 two wheelers owned by Biharis.<ref name=News18/>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=float:center;
! Communities having significant ownership of two-wheeler vehicles in Bihar<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/india-has-gone-into-data-discomfort-explains-silence-on-bihar-caste-inequality/1839572/|title=India has gone into discomfort explains the silence on Bihars caste inequality|website=The Print|date=10 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>!! Number of two-wheelers owned
|-
| [[Yadav]] || 761,014
|-
| [[Kushwaha]] ([[Koeri]])|| 300,686
|-
| [[Kurmi]] || 191,224
|-
| [[Brahmin]]|| 321,335
|-
| [[Bhumihar]]|| 278,716
|-
| [[Rajput]]|| 312,395
|-
| [[Bania (caste)|Bania]]|| 203,411
|-
| [[Kayastha]]|| 84,515
|}

*According to survey, only 0.13% people own a [[tractor]] in Bihar. In absolute figures the number of tractor owners stands at 167,062.<ref name=News18/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=float:center;
! Communities having significant ownership of tractors in Bihar!! Number of tractors owned
|-
| [[Yadav]] || 51,975
|-
| [[Kushwaha]] ([[Koeri]])|| 12,428
|-
| [[Kurmi]] || 7,170
|-
| [[Brahmin]]|| 13,315
|-
| [[Bhumihar]]|| 12,014
|-
| [[Rajput]]|| 12,031
|-
| [[Bania (caste)|Bania]]|| 3,558
|-
| [[Kayastha]]|| 642
|}
* The owners of three wheeler vehicles comprised 0.11% of the population of Bihar. In numerical terms they made up 142,689 people.<ref name=News18/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=float:center;
! Communities having significant ownership of three-wheeler vehicles in Bihar!! Number of three-wheelers owned
|-
| [[Yadav]] || 24,765
|-
| [[Kushwaha]] ([[Koeri]])|| 6,571
|-
| [[Kurmi]] || 4,552
|-
| [[Brahmin]]|| 6,704
|-
| [[Bhumihar]]|| 5,109
|-
| [[Rajput]]|| 6,149
|-
| [[Bania (caste)|Bania]]|| 5,376
|-
| [[Kayastha]]|| 1,340
|}

==Reactions to Caste Survey Report==
The caste survey figure, however, were challenged by many politicians of the state. It was alleged that the population of certain castes were inflated while the population of others were underrepresented in the survey. Prominent Schedule Caste leader of state, [[Chirag Paswan]] accused that it was done in order to reap political gains. It was widely believed that population of [[Kushwaha]] caste was underrepresented in the survey.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/chirag-paswan-questions-bihar-caste-census-data/article67376762.ece|title=Chirag Paswan questions Bihar caste census|website=The Hindu|date=3 October 2023 |access-date=5 October 2023 |last1=Nair |first1=Sobhana K. }}</ref> The president of [[Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal]], [[Upendra Kushwaha]] also claimed that the figures are unreliable as the sub-caste of Kushwaha community like [[Dangi people|Dangi]]s were counted as a separate entity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/bihar-caste-survey-stirs-hornets-nest-as-leaders-question-numbers-will-do-own-survey-says-jdu-mp/1796204/|title=Bihar caste survey stirs hornets' nest as leaders question numbers. 'Will do own survey,' says JD(U) MP|website=The Print|access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref>

During the process of caste data collection itself, officials of General Administration department (GAD) informed that some people can be left out of survey, as survey is a sub-set of census and cannot be expected to have 100% coverage.<ref name="leftout"/> On 5 October 2023, [[BJP]] MP from Patna Sahib [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]] said that no one met him or his family to collect their caste information and implied that the survey data was manipulated to suit RJD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-leaders-big-charge-on-bihar-caste-survey-tejashwi-yadav-reacts-4450972|title=BJP Leader's Big Charge On Bihar Caste Survey. Tejashwi Yadav Reacts}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ravi-shankar-prasad-slams-nitish-government-over-caste-survey-says-it-has-fake-data/article67380054.ece|title=Ravi Shankar Prasad slams Nitish government over caste survey, says it has 'fake data'|newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 October 2023 |last1=Bhelari |first1=Amit }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bihar-caste-survey-not-done-properly-says-exminister-101696445957135.html|title=Bihar caste survey not done properly, says ex-minister|date=5 October 2023 }}</ref> [[Information and Public Relations Department, Bihar]] countered this allegation saying his and his family's data was collected as per norm. [[Tejashwi Yadav]] remarked that if caste data was to be altered, Nitish Kumar would have exaggerated the numbers of his own Kurmi caste.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/had-bihar-caste-survey-data-been-altered-tejashwi-yadav-hits-back-at-bjp-4462342|title="Had Bihar Caste Survey Data Been Altered...": Tejashwi Yadav Hits Back At BJP}}</ref>

The revealing of numbers of various caste groups also brought the discussion about political representation of various castes on fore. The discussion about castes of Members of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] and the [[Members of Parliament]] from Bihar were done for the sake of finding out representation of largest social group of Bihar called Extremely Backward Castes, whose numbers turned out to be approximately 36% in the caste survey. Several reports revealed that forward castes were overrepresented in the number of legislators from Bihar contrary to their minute share in population. The Hindu Forward Castes, who made up nearly 10% percent of the population of the state had 64 Member of Legislative Assembly in 243 membered house in the 2020 to 2025 Assembly period. It was found that among the Forward Castes, [[Rajput]]s had seven Member of Parliament out of 40 [[Lok Sabha]] members from Bihar, making them grossly overrepresented. Yadav caste also had large share in number of legislators in State Assembly and they made up 52 out of 243 MLAs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihars-political-arithmetic-in-the-aftermath-of-the-caste-based-survey/article67372647.ece|title=Bihars political arithmetic in the aftermath of caste based survey|website=The Hindu|date=3 October 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023 |last1=Bhelari |first1=Amit }}</ref> In the state legislative assembly, among the Forward Castes, Rajputs had 28 legislators, which was grossly disproportionate to their population, which was pegged at approximately 3.4 percent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/one-in-every-four-members-in-new-bihar-assembly-will-be-from-upper-caste/articleshow/79214031.cms|title=One in every four members in new Bihar Assembly will be from upper caste|website=Times of India|date=17 November 2020 |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref> A study after [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]s found that most of the Forward Caste legislators were elected on the symbol of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], which distributed 52 out of 110 seats it contested to Forward Castes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/978687/bihar-polls-32-charts-reveal-caste-gender-religious-and-criminal-composition-of-the-new-assembly|title=Bihar polls: 32 charts reveal caste, gender, religious and criminal composition of the new assembly|website=Scroll.in|date=18 November 2020 |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>

==Follow-up on the report==
{{Main|Reservation policy in Bihar}}
On 9 November 2023, Bihar Assembly Passed Bill For 65% Caste Quota excluding 10% EWS Quota,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-assembly-passes-bills-to-increase-quota-from-50-per-cent-to-65-per-cent/article67516423.ece|title=Bihar Assembly passes Bills to increase quota from 50% to 65%|newspaper=The Hindu |date=9 November 2023 |last1=Tewary |first1=Amarnath }}</ref> in government jobs and educational institutions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/chirag-slams-cm-seeking-spl-category-status/articleshow/105304564.cms|title=Chirag slams CM for seeking spl category status|newspaper=The Times of India |date=18 November 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-passes-bill-to-raise-caste-quota-to-65-past-supreme-court-cap-4560310|title=Bihar Assembly Passes Bill For 65% Caste Quota, Past Supreme Court Cap}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-governor-approves-bill-raising-reservation-quota-from-50-to-65/article67545405.ece|title=Bihar Governor approves Bill raising reservation from 50% to 65%|newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 November 2023 |last1=Tewary |first1=Amarnath }}</ref> The new reservation quota percentages include 20% for Scheduled Castes, 2% for Scheduled Tribes, 18% for Backward Classes, 25% for Extremely Backward Classes, and 10% for the economically weaker section among the Upper Castes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bihar-caste-survey-quota-hike-notification-nitish-kumar-2465932-2023-11-21|title=Bihar issues official notifications for raising caste-based quota from 50% to 65%}}</ref> The existing 3% reservation for BC women was scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pil-plea-filed-in-patna-high-court-challenging-quota-hike/article67579941.ece|title=PIL plea filed in Patna High Court challenging quota hike}}</ref> Bihar Government issued gazette notifications for raising the quota to 75% after Governor [[Rajendra Arlekar]] gave his assent to two bills.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> The two bills were notified as - The Bihar Reservation of Vacancies in Posts and Services (For Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes) (Amendment) Act 2023, and The Bihar (In Admission in Educational Institutions) Reservation (Amendment) Act 2023.

On 20 June 2024, [[Patna High Court]] struck down 65 per cent reservation cap in government jobs and educational institutions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-20 |title=Patna high court strikes down Bihar govt's 65% reservation in jobs, education |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/patna-high-court-strikes-down-bihar-govts-65-reservation-in-jobs-education/articleshow/111131372.cms |access-date=2024-09-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-21 |title=Faizan Mustafa writes on Patna High Court reservation ruling: An overemphasis on merit |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/faizan-mustafa-patna-high-court-ruling-judiciary-anti-reservation-bias-9407216/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Demographics of Bihar]]
* [[Biharis]]
* [[Other Backward Class]]
* [[Reservation in India]]
* [[2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census]]
* [[2015 Karnataka Socio-Economic and Education Survey]]
* [[2023 Odisha Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Survey]]
* [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Comprehensive Caste Survey]]
* [[2024 Telangana Social Educational Employment Economic Caste Survey]]

==Footnotes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://cbs.bihar.gov.in/#/home Official website]

[[Category:2022 in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Bihar]]
[[Category:Demographics of India]]
[[Category:Nitish Kumar]]

Jivaram Choudhary

2026-04-10T03:13:42Z

Akash Arora: Made the page basic info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jivaram Choudhary
| image = File:Jivaram_Choudhary.jpg
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Sanchore]], [[Jalore]], Rajasthan
| office = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Sukhram Bishnoi]]
| successor =
| term_start1 = 2003
| term_end1 = 2013
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 = [[Sukhram Bishnoi]]
| constituency = [[Sanchore Assembly constituency|Sanchore]]
| constituency1 = [[Sanchore Assembly constituency|Sanchore]]
| alma_mater =
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| website =
}}

'''Jivaram Choudhary''' is an Indian politician serving as a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sanchore Assembly constituency|Sanchore]] constituency of [[Jalore district]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Rajathan polls: Four BJP rebels among 9 independents win |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajathan-polls-four-bjp-rebels-among-9-independents-win/articleshow/105706589.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-08 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanchore Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Independent's Jiva Ram Choudhary defeats INC's Sukhram Vishnoi with 4671 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/sanchore-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470759-2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jiva Ram Choudhary(Independent(IND)):Constituency- SANCHORE(JALORE) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Rajasthan2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=1734 |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Jivaram}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Jalore district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Dalip Singh Majithia

2026-04-05T01:04:39Z

Akash Arora: created initial bio w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian Air Force pilot (1920–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dalip Singh Majitha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =Dalip Singh Majitha.jpg
| caption =
| office =
| term_start = 1940
| term_end = 1947
| president =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1920|07|27}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2024|04|16|1920|07|27}}
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
| nickname =
| allegiance =
| branch =
| rank =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = [[World War II]]
| awards =
| children =
| relatives =
| office1 =
| predecessor1 =
| succeeded1 =
| president1 =
}}

'''Dalip Singh Majithia''' (27 July 1920 – 16 April 2024) was an [[Indian Air Force]] pilot. He primarily served during the [[Second World War]] during which, however, he did not see much active service on account of a long bout of illness during his only posting in the conflict-zone, in Myanmar from 1944. At the time of his death on 16 April 2024, he was the oldest living pilot of the Indian Air Force at the age of 103.

==Early life and education==
[[File:Amrita Sher-Gil and Dalip Singh Majithia.jpg|thumb|left|Painter [[Amrita Sher-Gil]] and Dalip Singh Majithia, 1937, Lahore]]
Dalip Singh Majithia was born on 27 July 1930 in [[Shimla]], now in Himachal Pradesh, [[British India|India]], the youngest son of Kirpal Singh (1891–1944) and his wife Raminder Kaur (1894–1936).{{Sfn|Sundaram|2010a|p=XVII - XVIII}}<ref name="Siddiqui2024">{{cite news |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Imran Ahmed |date=17 April 2024 |title=Oldest fighter pilot of Indian Air Force Dalip Singh Majithia passes away at the age of 103 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/oldest-fighter-pilot-of-indian-air-force-dalip-singh-majithia-passes-away-at-the-age-of-103/cid/2013790 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526102438/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/oldest-fighter-pilot-of-indian-air-force-dalip-singh-majithia-passes-away-at-the-age-of-103/cid/2013790 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |work=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> His grandfather was [[Sundar Singh Majithia]], making him first cousin once removed of the artist [[Amrita Sher-Gil]].{{Sfn|Sundaram|2010a|p=XVII - XVIII}} In childhood, he was affectionately referred to as "Dipi", or collectively with his brother as "the boys".{{Sfn|Sundaram|2010a|p=192-194}} In the 1920s, both Singh and Sher-Gil grew up in the family home, Majithia House.<ref name=Sundaram.306>Sundaram, pp. 306-310</ref>{{Sfn|Sundaram|2010a|p=306-310}}

Majithia studied at [[Khalsa College, Amritsar|Khalsa College]] in [[Amritsar]], and later at [[Lahore]], where he completed his Bachelor of Arts degree.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who Was Dalip Singh Majithia? India's Oldest Air Force Pilot Passes Away At 103 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/who-was-dalip-singh-majithia-indias-oldest-air-force-pilot-passes-away-at-103-article-109354560 |work=Times Now |date=17 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Majithia learned the basics of flying at the Karachi Flying Club on a [[De Havilland DH.60 Moth|Gypsy Moth]] aircraft. In 1940, he joined the IAF volunteer reserve in 1940 during the [[Second World War]]. On 1 August 1940, he joined the 4th Pilot's Course at the Initial Training School (ITA) at [[Walton Cantonment]] in Lahore, where after three months, he won the best pilot trophy. To continue his advanced training, he was posted to the No.1 Flying Training School in [[Ambala]].<ref name=Siddiqui2024/>

In March 1943, he joined the [[No. 6 Squadron IAF|Number 6 Squadron]] under the command of 'Baba' [[Mehar Singh (IAF officer)|Mehar Singh]] as a flying officer. In January 1944, he was posted in [[Kohat]] as the [[Flight commander|Flight Commander]] of [[No. 3 Squadron IAF|Number 3 Squadron]] and flew [[Hawker Hurricane|Hurricane]] aircraft. Later, he was posted in [[Burma (Myanmar)|Burma (now Myanmar)]] as the Flight Commander of [[No. 4 Squadron IAF|No. 4 Squadron]]. A long bout of illness kept him out of active flying for sometime. When he fell in February 1945, his former squadron mate, Flight Lieutenant [[Asghar Khan]], flew him to a hospital in [[Calcutta]] in a [[North American Harvard|Harvard]] aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iafhistory.in/2022/07/27/celebrating-the-remarkable-life-of-indias-oldest-surviving-fighter-pilot/|title=DS Majithia: India's Oldest Surviving Fighter Pilot|date=27 July 2022|author=Anchit Gupta|website=IAF History}}</ref>
After that, he served at the [[RAF India|Air Headquarters]]. Later he served as the IAF's [[Liaison officer|Liaison Officer]] to the Joint Chiefs of Staff in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Service Record for Squadron Leader Dalip Singh Majithia 1615 GD(P) |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/1615 |website=Bharat Rakshak |access-date=2 May 2024 |language=en-gb}}</ref>

On 18 March 1947, he retired from the Indian Air Force. After that, he flew as a private pilot. In 1949, he made history by being the first to land a plane in the [[Kathmandu Valley]]. He conducted the landing of an aircraft in Kathmandu, Nepal on an unprepared piece of land. That site is now the site of the [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Nepal's international airport]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=IAF Veteran Squadron Leader Dalip Singh Majithia Passes Away at 103 |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/iaf-veteran-squadron-leader-dalip-singh-majithia-passes-away-at-103/ |work=Adda 247 |date=17 April 2024}}</ref> Through his career, he had more than 1,100 flying hours to his name, including on aircraft like Hurricanes and [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfires]]. By his fellow pilots, he was affectionately called 'Maji'.<ref>{{cite news |title=IAF veteran Dalip Singh Majithia dies at 103 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/iaf-veteran-dalip-singh-majithia-dies-at-103/articleshow/109352622.cms?from=mdr |work=The Economic Times |date=16 April 2024}}</ref> He flew for the last time in January 1979.

==Later life==
After retirement from the Air Force, he settled at his family's estate in Sardarnagar, near [[Gorakhpur]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He also ran a successful business venture.<ref>{{cite news |author=Man Aman Singh Chhina |title=Indian Air Force's oldest pilot Dalip Singh Majithia passes away at 103 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/indian-air-forces-oldest-pilot-dalip-singh-majithia-passes-away-at-103-9272874/ |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Indian Express |location=Chandigarh |date=16 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref> In March 2021, 100 year old Dalip Singh and his 99 year old wife Joan Sanders Majithia received their first doses of a COVID-19 vaccine at Sunrise Hospital in Gurugram, along with their 72-year-old daughter Kiran Sandhu and three other family friends in their 70s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Rao Jaswant |title=Gurugram: IAF veteran, 100, and 99-year-old wife inoculated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/gurugram-iaf-veteran-100-and-99-year-old-wife-inoculated/articleshow/81343683.cms |work=The Times of India |date=5 March 2021}}</ref>

==Personal life==
On 18 February 1947, Dalip Singh married Joan Sanders at his family's estate in Gorakhpur, whom he had met during his service in Melbourne, Australia. She was in the [[Women's Royal Australian Naval Service]] as a code breaker during the war, working in the [[Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne]]. The couple had two daughters, named Kiran and Mira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smethurst |first1=Sue |title=WWII code-breaker Joan Sanders Majithia turns 100 |url=https://www.dva.gov.au/newsroom/latest-news-veterans/wwii-code-breaker-joan-sanders-majithia-turns-100 |publisher=Department of Veteran's Affairs, Australian Government |date=28 July 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Majithia family]]
*[[Royal Indian Air Force]]
*[[India in World War II]]
*[[Indian Army during World War II]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010a |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=1 |pages=1–417 |isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010b |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=2 |pages=418–821 |isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}

== External links ==
* {{YouTube|0vVb55e_OKQ|''NDTV'': "Still Feel That I Am Part Of Indian Air Force": 100-Year-Old Ex-Pilot (2020)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Majithia, Dalip Singh}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Indian men centenarians]]
[[Category:People from Shimla]]
[[Category:World War II pilots]]
[[Category:Majithia family]]

2013 Sunrisers Hyderabad season

2026-03-28T15:52:56Z

Akash Arora:

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013]]
| coach = [[Tom Moody]]
| captain = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] (IPL) [[Cameron White]] (IPL) [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (CLT20)
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]] (Capacity: 55,000)
| comp1 = [[2013 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Playoffs (4th)
| comp2 = [[2013 Champions League Twenty20|CLT20]]
| comp2 result = Group Stage
| prevseason = [[Deccan Chargers in 2012|2012 (Deccan Chargers)]]
| nextseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2014|2014]]
| most runs= [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (311)
| most wickets= [[Amit Mishra]] (21)
| most catches= [[Cameron White]] (10)
| most dismissals= [[Parthiv Patel]] (8)
|}}

[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (SRH) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Hyderabad]], India, who play in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). Sunrisers Hyderabad made their IPL debut replacing [[Deccan Chargers]] in [[2013 Indian Premier League]].<ref name="Inception">{{cite web|title=Sun TV wins Hyderabad IPL franchise|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/588090.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 October 2017|date=10 November 2018}}</ref> [[Kumar Sangakkara]] was initially appointed as the captain of the Sunrisers Hyderabad but was replaced by [[Cameron White]] after nine matches as the latter captained the team for the remaining 7 matches and the Eliminator match in the Playoffs.<ref>{{cite news|title=We're looking to play to our strengths: Sangakkara|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl2013/were-looking-to-play-to-our-strengths-sangakkara/article4580846.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=27 October 2017|date=4 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=5 IPL teams with the most number of captains |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-ipl-teams-with-most-number-of-captains/2|publisher=Sportskeeda|access-date=27 October 2017|date=12 March 2017}}</ref> The team was coached by [[Tom Moody]] with [[Waqar Younis]] as their bowling coach while [[V. V. S. Laxman]] and [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth|Kris Srikkanth]] were appointed as the mentors.<ref name="Moody">{{cite web|title=Tom Moody named Hyderabad Sunrisers' IPL coach|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl-hyd/content/story/597883.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 October 2017|date=20 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="Waqar">{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=Waqar Younis joins Sunrisers as bowling consultant|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/624090.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 October 2017|date=8 March 2013}}</ref> The team played all their home games at home in [[Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium|Hyderabad]].

In their inaugural season, Sunrisers started their campaign against [[Pune Warriors India]] on 5 April 2013 at Hyderabad on a winning note and the team reached the playoffs but were eliminated after losing the eliminator match against [[Rajasthan Royals]] by 4 wickets at [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]] in [[Delhi]] on 22 May 2013.<ref name="IPLR1"/><ref name="IPLR16"/><ref name="Eliminator"/> They got selected for [[2013 Champions League Twenty20]] but got knocked out in the group stages.
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 450
| image_style = border:none;

| image1 = Sangakkara.jpg
| width1 = 150 | height1 = 115
| alt1 = A man wearing blue srilankan jersey holding a bat and a helmet
| caption1 = Kumar Sangakkara

| image2 = Cameron White.jpg
| width2 = 150 | height2 = 150
| alt2 = A man wearing Australian training shirt holding a bottle
| caption2 = Cameron White
}}

==Background==
The [[Sun TV Network]] won the bid for a new franchise based in [[Hyderabad]] with {{INRConvert|850.5|m}} per year for a five-year deal, a week after the [[Deccan Chargers]] were terminated due to prolonged financial issues.<ref name="Inception"/> The team was named as the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] which replaced the Chargers and debuted in the [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013 season]].<ref name="Sunrisers">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/597700.html|title=Hyderabad IPL franchise named Sunrisers|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=18 December 2012|access-date=26 March 2013}}</ref> The team logo was unveiled on 20 December 2012, along with the announcement that the team's management would be led by [[Kris Srikkanth]], [[Tom Moody]] and [[V. V. S. Laxman]].<ref name="Moody"/> [[Waqar Younis]] and [[Simon Helmot]] later joined the coaching staff as bowling coach and assistant coach respectively.<ref name="Waqar"/><ref name="Simon"/> The team jersey was unveiled on 8 March 2013, and the team anthem composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] was released on 12 March 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/sunrisers-unveil-logo-rope-vvs-srikkanth-moody/41051|title=Sunrisers unveil logo, rope in VVS, Srikkanth, Moody|date=20 December 2012|website=Wisden India|access-date=23 January 2013|archive-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216153835/http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/sunrisers-unveil-logo-rope-vvs-srikkanth-moody/41051|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Players acquisition==
{{main|List of 2013 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}

The players auction for the 2013 Indian Premier League held on 3 February 2013 at Chennai. All nine franchises had participated in the auction. SRH has retained 20 players from [[Deccan Chargers]] and released 13 players in November 2012.<ref name="Moody"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Dikshit|first=Vishal|title=IPL squads as they stand before the auction|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/603073.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=2 February 2013|access-date=22 November 2017}}</ref> This leaves Sunrisers with Salary cap remaining of $7mn and have 14 Indian and 6 Overseas players. Sunrisers later added 11 players to the team including 6 capped players during IPL-2013 auction.<ref name="srhauction">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=IPL 7 Auction: Sunrisers Hyderabad full list of players bought|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/603194.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=3 February 2013|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="srhauctionsquad">{{cite web|last=Binoy|first=George|title=What the franchises did to bolster their squads|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/603255.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=3 February 2013|access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref>

They opened their account at 2013 auction by buying South-African wicket-keeper [[Quinton de Kock]] at base price of $20,000. They also got two overseas bowling options in the form of right-arm Australian fast-bowler [[Clint McKay]] and right-arm off-spinner [[Nathan McCullum]], both at their base price of $100,000. Their most expensive buy in their maiden IPL auction came in with the purchase of Sri-Lankan all-rounder [[Thisara Perera]] at a whooping price of $675,000. They also bagged West-Indian all-rounder [[Darren Sammy]] for $425,000 to improve their options for the squad. Towards the end, they picked up [[Sudeep Tyagi]], their only Indian purchase at the base price of $100,000.<ref name="srhauction"/><ref name="srhauctionsquad"/>

Post auction, Sunrisers signed [[Hanuma Vihari]], Hyderabad local boy and member of the [[India Under-19 cricket team]] that won the [[2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup]] in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/squad/570911.html|title=India squad – 2012 ICC U-19 WC|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> They bought leg-spinner [[Karn Sharma]], all-rounders [[Padmanabhan Prasanth]] and [[Sachin Rana]] and batsman [[Thalaivan Sargunam]] to improve their squad depth. The Sunrisers announced their final squad of 27 players before the tournament releasing the others.<ref name="Waqar"/><ref name="squad"/>

'''Retained Players''': [[Akshath Reddy]], [[Amit Mishra]], [[Anand Rajan]], [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]], [[Ashish Reddy]], [[Biplab Samantray]], [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja]], [[Ishant Sharma]], [[Parthiv Patel]], [[Shikhar Dhawan]], [[Veer Pratap Singh]], [[Cameron White]], [[Chris Lynn]], [[Dale Steyn]], [[Kumar Sangakkara]], [[JP Duminy]]

'''Released Players''': [[Abhishek Jhunjhunwala]], [[Akash Bhandari]], [[Arjun Yadav]], [[Bharat Chipli]], [[Darren Bravo]], [[Daniel Christian]], [[Daniel Harris (cricketer)|Daniel Harris]], [[Ishank Jaggi]], [[Kedar Devdhar]], [[Manpreet Gony]], [[Rusty Theron]], [[Sneha Kishore]], [[Sunny Sohal]], [[Syed Quadri]], [[Tanmay Mishra]], [[Tanmay Srivastava]], [[TP Sudhindra]], [[Tekkami Atchuta Rao]]

'''Added Players''': [[Darren Sammy]], [[Hanuma Vihari]], [[Karn Sharma]], [[Nathan McCullum]], [[Padmanabhan Prasanth]], [[Quinton de Kock]], [[Sachin Rana]], [[Sudeep Tyagi]], [[Thalaivan Sargunam]], [[Thisara Perera]], [[Clint McKay]]

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.<ref name="squad">{{cite web|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad Squad |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/squad/624084.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 October 2017|date=7 March 2013}}</ref>
* '''Signed Year''' denotes year from which player is associated with Sunrisers Hyderabad
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Year signed
!Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
| '''[[Shikhar Dhawan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1985|12|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2013 ||
|-
| '''[[JP Duminy]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1984|4|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2013 || Overseas. Withdrew due to Injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/million-dollar-maxwell-lights-auction/48511|title=Million-dollar Maxwell lights up IPL 6 auction|first=Saurabh|last=Somani|date=3 February 2013|website=Wisden India|access-date=24 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Chris Lynn]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1990|4|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] || 2013 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Akshath Reddy]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1991|2|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1987|9|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Hanuma Vihari]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1993|10|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2013 ||
|-
| '''[[Cameron White]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1983|8|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2013 || [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|Vice-captain]], Overseas.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| '''[[Thisara Perera]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1989|04|03|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || 2013 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Padmanabhan Prasanth]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1985|05|22|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Ashish Reddy]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1991|2|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Biplab Samantray]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1988|12|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || 2013 ||
|-
| '''[[Darren Sammy]]''' || {{cr|West Indies}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1983|12|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || 2013 || Overseas.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| '''[[Quinton de Kock]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1992|12|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || – || 2013 || Overseas
|-
| '''[[Parthiv Patel]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1985|3|9|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2013 ||
|-
| '''[[Kumar Sangakkara]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1977|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2013 || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]], Overseas.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
| '''[[Nathan McCullum]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1980|9|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2013 || Overseas.
|-
| '''[[Clint McKay]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1983|2|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || 2013 || Overseas.
|-
| '''[[Amit Mishra]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1982|11|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Anand Rajan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1987|4|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Sachin Rana]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1984|9|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Thalaivan Sargunam]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1985|5|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1991|4|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] || 2013 ||
|-
| '''[[Ishant Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1988|9|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Karn Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1987|10|23|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2013 ||
|-
| [[Veer Pratap Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1992|5|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || 2013 ||
|-
| '''[[Dale Steyn]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1983|6|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || 2013 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Sudeep Tyagi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2013|04|03|1987|9|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || 2013 ||
|}

==Administration and support staff==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 450
| image_style = border:none;

| image1 = Tom Moody Sunrisers.jpg
| width1 = 150 | height1 = 150
| alt1 = Tom Moody
| caption1 = Tom Moody

| image2 = VVSLaxman.jpg
| width2 = 150 | height2 = 150
| alt2 = VVS Laxman
| caption2 = VVS Laxman

| image3 = waqar_younis.jpg
| width3 = 150 | height3 = 150
| alt3 = Waqar Younis
| caption3 = Waqar Younis
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Owner
| [[Kalanithi Maran]] ([[Sun Network]])
|-
| Head coach
| [[Tom Moody]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| [[Simon Helmot]]
|-
| Bowling coach
| [[Waqar Younis]]
|-
| Mentor
| [[VVS Laxman]]
|-
| Mentor
| [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth|Kris Srikkanth]]
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref name="Moody"/><ref name="Waqar"/><ref name="Simon">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Sunrisers name Helmot as assistant coach|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/content/story/626670.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=24 March 2013|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Kit Manufacturers
!Shirt Sponsor (Chest)
!Shirt Sponsor (Back)
!Chest Branding
|-
|[[Puma SE|Puma]]
|[[makemytrip]]
|[[SpiceJet]]
|LIVE(IN) Jeans
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref>{{cite web|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad and their 'rise to the top' jerseys|url=https://www.sportswallah.com/cricket/lifestyle/sunrisers-hyderabad-and-their-rise-to-the-top-jerseys | publisher=Sports Wallah| date=11 April 2017|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> 
|}


==Season overview==

===Indian Premier League===
{{main|2013 Indian Premier League}}
;Group Stage
The [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] started their campaign at home on a winning note defeating the [[Pune Warriors]] by 22 runs in a low-scoring match.<ref name="IPLR1">{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Abhishek|title=Sunrisers defend 126 on IPL debut|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598000|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=5 April 2013}}</ref> [[Amit Mishra]] was adjudged man of the match for his contribution of 3/19 in four overs.<ref name="IPLR1"/> The Sunrisers also won their second match at home, another low-scoring thriller, against the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the [[Super Over]] by five runs after both teams tied on total-score of 130 in 20 overs.<ref name="IPLR2">{{cite web|last=Isam|first=Mohammad|title=Sunrisers clinch Super Over victory|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598004|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=7 April 2013}}</ref> [[Hanuma Vihari]] was awarded man of the match for his unbeaten match winning knock of 44 in 46 balls.<ref name="IPLR2"/> The Sunrisers suffered their first defeat against the same opponent in a high-scoring away match when they faced each other two days later.<ref name="IPLR3">{{cite web|last=Fernando|first=Andrew Fidel|title=Kohli's commanding knock routs Sunrisers|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598048|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Cameron White]] scored the first half-century for the Sunrisers to help the team post a challenging total of 161 in 20 overs but Royal Challengers' captain, [[Virat Kohli]]'s unbeaten knock of 93 in 47 balls completed the chase for the Royal Challengers.<ref name="IPLR3"/> Later, the Sunrisers won their first away match against the [[Delhi Daredevils]] by three wickets with Mishra contributing again in the Sunrisers' win with 1/15 in four overs and an unbeaten 16 off 14 balls.<ref name="IPLR4">{{cite web|last=Fernando|first=Andrew Fidel|title=Sunrisers stumble across the line in low-scorer|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598010|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=12 April 2013}}</ref> The Sunrisers lost to the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in an away tie by 48 runs where [[Gautam Gambhir]]'s side outscoring the Sunrisers with skipper himself winning man of the match for his knock of 53 in 45 balls.<ref name="IPLR5">{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Gambhir, Morgan set up big win for Kolkata|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598013|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=14 April 2013}}</ref> The Sunrisers successfully defended their low-total of 119 against the Warriors in an away tie with Mishra winning his third man of the award for his all-round performance of scoring 30 runs and taking 4/19 in four overs. He also created a record of being the first player to take [[List of Indian Premier League records and statistics#Hat-tricks|hat-trick]] for the Sunrisers and also the first player to take three hat-tricks in the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref name="IPLR6">{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Abhishek|title=Mishra hat-trick sinks Pune inches from shore|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=17 April 2013}}</ref> This win also helped the Sunrisers achieve their first double this season by winning their both encounters against the Warriors.<ref name="IPLR6"/> The Sunrisers extended their winning streak in home games to three with another win against the [[Kings XI Punjab]].<ref name="IPLR7">{{cite web|last=Ravindran|first=Siddarth|title=Sunrisers top table after another low-scorer|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=19 April 2013}}</ref> Vihari helped the Sunrisers chase the total of 124 in just 18.5 overs with five wickets to spare for which he was awarded the man of the match.<ref name="IPLR7"/> The Sunrisers lost their next match to the [[Chennai Super Kings]] by five wickets as the match-winning knock of an unbeaten 67 off 37 balls by their captain [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni|MS Dhoni]] won him the man of the match award.<ref name="IPLR8">{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Dhoni takes stumbling Chennai home|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598030|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=25 April 2013}}</ref>

The Sunrisers were completely outplayed by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] in an away match with Royals successfully completing the chase of 145 in just 17 overs with eight wickets in hand with [[Shane Watson]] winning the man of the match award for his unbeaten knock of 98 in 53 balls.<ref name="IPLR9">{{cite web|last=Balachandran|first=Kanishkaa|title=Faulkner, Watson swamp Sunrisers|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598032|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=27 April 2013}}</ref> Returning to their home, the Sunrisers extended their winning streak at home to five with the wins against the [[Mumbai Indians]] and the Daredevils.<ref name="IPLR10">{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Abhishek|title=Bowlers, Dhawan extend Sunrisers home run|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598039|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="IPLR11">{{cite web|last=Ravindran|first=Sidharth|title=Delhi knocked out after folding for 80|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598044|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=4 May 2013}}</ref> [[Ishant Sharma]]'s bowling effort of 2/15 in four overs and [[Shikhar Dhawan]]'s unbeaten knock of 73 helped the Sunrisers beat the Mumbai Indians by seven wickets with Sharma winning the man of the match while a collective bowling effort by Sunrisers' bowlers helped them bowl-out the Daredevils for just 80 runs in 19.1 overs as the Sunrisers successfully completed their chase in just 13.5 overs with six wickets in hand.<ref name="IPLR10"/><ref name="IPLR11"/> [[Darren Sammy]]'s all-round performance of 2/10 in three overs and unbeaten knock of 18 in 20 balls got his first man of the match award for the Sunrisers in the match against the Daredevils as this win also helped the Sunrisers knock the Daredevils out of the tournament and complete the double over them, their second double in this season.<ref name="IPLR11"/> But, their winning streak at home were halted by the Super Kings with an unbeaten match-winning knock of 99 in 52 balls by [[Suresh Raina]] helped the Super Kings beat the Sunrisers by 77 runs which also won him the man of the match award.<ref name="IPLR12">{{cite web|last=Fernando|first=Andrew Fidel|title=Raina, Hussey consolidate No.1 spot|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598051|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=8 May 2013}}</ref> This loss resulted in the Super Kings complete their double over Sunrisers in this season. The Sunrisers bounced back strongly winning against the Kings XI Punjab and completing the double over them, their third this season.<ref name="IPLR12"/> [[Parthiv Patel]]'s score of 61 in 47 runs helped the Sunrisers post total of 150/7 in 20 overs while Sammy's bowling contribution of 4/22 in four overs completed the win for the Sunrisers by 30 runs.<ref name="IPLR13"/> Patel won the man of the match award.<ref name="IPLR13">{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Sunrisers stay hot on others' heels|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598056|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=11 May 2013}}</ref> The Sunrisers later lost to the Mumbai Indians by seven wickets as an unbeaten knock of 66 in 27 balls by [[Kieron Pollard]] earned him the man of the match.<ref name="IPLR14">{{cite web|last=Fernando|first=Andrew Fidel|title=Pollard blast takes Mumbai to No. 1|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598060|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=13 May 2013}}</ref> With two wins needed in next two matches to qualify for the [[2013 Indian Premier League#Playoffs|playoffs]], the Sunrisers made most of their home advantage to beat the Royals.<ref name="IPLR15">{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Sunrisers take lead in playoff race, Royals miss out on top two|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598065|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=17 May 2013}}</ref> The Sunrisers set target of 137 with [[Biplab Samantray]] scoring 55 in 46 balls and later they restricted the Royals to just 113 to win the match by 23 runs with Mishra winning the man of the match award for his contribution of 2/8 in four overs.<ref name="IPLR15"/> The Sunrisers defeated the Knight Riders in their last home match of the season by five wickets with Patel scoring 47 in 37 balls which also won him the man of the match award.<ref name="IPLR16">{{cite web|last=|first=|title='Amazing to be in top four' - Dhawan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598069|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=20 May 2013}}</ref> This win helped Sunrisers finish fourth in the league table and qualify for playoffs in their maiden season in the IPL.<ref name="IPLR16"/>
;Playoff Stage
The Sunrisers were knocked out of the tournament in the eliminator against the Royals in [[Delhi]].<ref name="Eliminator">{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Abhishek|title=Hodge launches Royals into qualifier|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/598071|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2018|date=22 May 2013}}</ref> The Sunrisers won the toss and posted modest score of 132/7 in 20 overs with Dhawan scoring 33 in 39 balls.<ref name="Eliminator"/> The Royals successfully chased the target with four wickets in hand and four balls to spare as [[Brad Hodge]] won the man of the match for his unbeaten knock of 54 in 29 balls.<ref name="Eliminator"/>

==Competitions==

===Indian Premier League===

====Summary====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

=====Group stage=====
{{main|2013 Indian Premier League #Group stage}}
{{:2013 Indian Premier League|team=SRH}}

;Results by match
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|H]]/ H/ [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|A]]/ [[Feroz Shah Kotla|A]]/ [[Eden Gardens|A]]/ [[Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium|A]]/ H/ [[M A Chidambaram Stadium|A]]/ [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|A]]/ H/ H/ H/ [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium|A]]/ [[Wankhede Stadium|A]]/ H/ H
|label2= Result
| res2= W/ W/ L/ W/ L/ W/ W/ L/ L/ W/ W/ L/ W/ L/ W/ W

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2| text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| source = [[#Fixtures|Fixtures]]
}}
{{col-2}}

=====Knockout stage=====
{{main|2013 Indian Premier League #Playoffs}}
;Brackets
{{4TeamBracket-PagePlayoff
| team-width=230
| score-width=120

| RD1-text1 = 21 May — [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| RD1-seed1 = '''1'''
| RD1-team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| RD1-score1 = '''192/1 (20 ov)'''
| RD1-seed2 = 2
| RD1-team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| RD1-score2 = 144 (18.4 ov)
| P1Winner = Chennai
| P1Margin = 48 runs
| P1Matchno= 73

| RD1-text2 = 22 May — [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| RD1-seed3 = '''3'''
| RD1-team3 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| RD1-score3 = '''135/6 (19.2 ov)'''
| RD1-seed4 = 4
| RD1-team4 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| RD1-score4 = 132/7 (20 ov)
| P2Winner = Rajasthan
| P2Margin = 4 wickets
| P2Matchno= 74

| RD2-text1 = 24 May — [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| RD2-seed1 = '''2'''
| RD2-team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| RD2-score1 = '''169/6 (19.5 ov)'''
| RD2-seed2 = 3
| RD2-team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| RD2-score2 = 165/6 (20 ov)
| P3Winner = Mumbai
| P3Margin = 4 wickets
| P3Matchno= 75

| RD3-text1 = 26 May — [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| RD3-seed1 = 1
| RD3-team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| RD3-score1 = 125/9 (20 ov)
| RD3-seed2 = '''2'''
| RD3-team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| RD3-score2 = '''148/9 (20 ov)'''
| FinalWinner = Mumbai
| FinalMargin = 23 runs
| FinalMatchno= 76
}}
{{col-end}}

====Fixtures====
{{main|2009 Indian Premier League #Fixtures}}
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}

=====Group stage=====
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match3}} 5 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Pune Warriors India]]
| score1 = 126/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 104 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Thisara Perera]] 30 (18)
| wickets1 = [[Ashok Dinda]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 24 (22)
| wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 3/11 (3.5 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| toss = Pune Warriors India won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Amit Mishra]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598000.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 22 runs
| notes = This was the Sunrisers debut match in the IPL.
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 1
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match7}} 7 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 130/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 130/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 46 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Hanuma Vihari]] 44[[Not out|*]] (46)
| wickets2 = [[Moisés Henriques]] 2/14 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Hanuma Vihari]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598004.html Scorecard]
| result = Scores level; Sunrisers Hyderabad won the [[Super Over]] by 5 runs
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 2
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match9}} 9 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 161/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 162/3 (17.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Cameron White]] 52 (34)
| wickets1 = [[R. P. Singh]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 93[[Not out|*]] (47)
| wickets2 = [[Cameron White]] 1/14 (1 over)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Virat Kohli]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598048.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 7 wickets
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 3
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match14}} 12 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 114/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 115/7 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kedar Jadhav]] 30 (20)
| wickets1 =[[Dale Steyn]] 2/11 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 28 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Amit Mishra]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Subroto Das]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598010.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 3 wickets
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 4
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match17}} 14 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 180/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 132/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 53 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Karan Sharma (cricketer)|Karan Sharma]] 1/13 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Thisara Perera]] 36 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 3/13 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Gautam Gambhir]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598013.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 48 runs
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 5
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match22}} 17 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Pune Warriors India]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 119/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 108 (19 overs)
| runs1 = [[Biplab Samantray]] 37 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 22 (14)
| wickets2 = [[Amit Mishra]] 4/19 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Pune Warriors India won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Amit Mishra]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598018.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 11 runs
| notes = Amit Mishra became the first player to get three hat-tricks in the IPL.
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 6
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match25}} 19 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 123/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 127/5 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Adam Gilchrist]] 26 (25)
| wickets1 = [[Karan Sharma (cricketer)|Karan Sharma]] 2/19 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Hanuma Vihari]] 46 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Manpreet Gony]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Hanuma Vihari]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[CK Nandan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598021.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 5 wickets
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 7
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match34}} 25 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 159/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 160/5 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 63[[not out|*]] (45)
| wickets1 = [[Mohit Sharma]] 2/33 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] 67[[not out|*]] (37)
| wickets2 = [[Amit Mishra]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chepauk]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Subroto Das]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598030.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 5 wickets
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 8
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match36}} 27 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 144/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 146/2 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Darren Sammy]] 60 (41)
| wickets1 = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] 5/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shane Watson]] 98[[not out|*]] (53)
| wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 1/15 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] (RR)
| umpires = [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind) and [[Krishnaraj Srinath]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598032.html Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 8 wickets
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 9
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match43}} 1 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 129/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 130/3 (18 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dwayne Smith]] 38 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 2/15 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 73[[not out|*]] (55)
| wickets2 = [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] 1/13 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Ishant Sharma]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Sudhir Asnani]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598039.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 7 wickets
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 10
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match48}} 4 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 80 (19.1 overs)
| score2 = 81/4 (13.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Unmukt Chand]] 17 (24)
| wickets1 = [[Darren Sammy]] 2/10 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 22 (16)
| wickets2 = [[Johan Botha (cricketer)|Johan Botha]] 2/11 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Darren Sammy]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Sudhir Asnani]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598044.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 6 wickets
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 11
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match54}} 8 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 223/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 146/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 99[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets1 = [[Thisara Perera]] 3/45 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 44 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Mohit Sharma]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Suresh Raina]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng) and [[Subroto Das]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598051.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 77 runs
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 12
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match59}} 11 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 150/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 120/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 61 (47)
| wickets1 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Luke Pomersbach]] 33 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Darren Sammy]] 4/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], [[Chandigarh]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Parthiv Patel]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus) and [[Subroto Das]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598056.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 30 runs
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 13
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match62}} 13 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 178/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 184/3 (19.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 59 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kieron Pollard]] 66[[not out|*]] (27)
| wickets2 = [[Karan Sharma (cricketer)|Karan Sharma]] 2/22 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Kieron Pollard]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus) and [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598060.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 7 wickets
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 14
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match68}} 17 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 136/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 113/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Biplab Samantray]] 55 (46)
| wickets1 = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] 5/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kevon Cooper]] 26 (12)
| wickets2 = [[Amit Mishra]] 2/8 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Amit Mishra]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598065.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 23 runs
| notes = James Faulkner became the first player to take two [[List of Indian Premier League five-wicket hauls|five-wicket hauls in the IPL]].
* As a result of this match, Kings XI Punjab were eliminated.
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 15
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match72}} 19 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 130/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 132/5 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 49[[Not out|*]] (29)
| wickets1 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 47 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Iqbal Abdulla]] 3/29 (3.5 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Parthiv Patel]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Sudhir Asnani]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598069.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 5 wickets
| notes = As a result of this match, Royal Challengers Bangalore were eliminated and Sunrisers Hyderabad qualified for the playoff stage.
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 16
}}

=====Knockout stage=====
;Eliminator
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match74}} 22 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 132/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 135/6 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 33 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Vikramjeet Malik]] 2/14 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Brad Hodge]] 54[[not out|*]] (29)
| wickets2 = [[Darren Sammy]] 2/27 (3.2 overs)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Brad Hodge]] (RR)
| umpires = [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598071.html Scorecard]
| round = Eliminator
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 4 wickets
| bg = L
| stack = yes
}}


===Champions League Twenty20===

====Summary====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

=====Qualifying stage=====
{{main|2013 Champions League Twenty20#Qualifying stage}}
;Standings
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! style="width:200px"|Team<ref name=points>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/629521.html?view=pointstable |title=Champions League Twenty20, 2013/14 / Points table |publisher=ESPN |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 September 2013 }}</ref>
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| Pld | Played}}
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| W | Won}}
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| L | Lost}}
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| NR | No result}}
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| Pts | Points}}
! style="width:50px"| {{Tooltip| NRR | Net run rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Otago cricket team|Otago Volts]]
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''12''' || +1.225
|- style="background:#cfc"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || '''8''' || +0.207
|- style="background:#red"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Faisalabad Wolves]]
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || '''4''' || –0.525
|- style="background:#red"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Kandurata Maroons]]
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || '''0''' || –0.809
|}
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#cfc}} advanced to the [[2013 Champions League Twenty20#Group stage|group stage]]
{{col-2}}

=====Group stage=====
{{main|2013 Champions League Twenty20#Group B}}
;Standings – Group B
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! style="width:200px"|Team<ref name=points/>
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| Pld | Played}}
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| W | Won}}
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| L | Lost}}
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| NR | No result}}
! style="width:20px"| {{Tooltip| Pts | Points}}
! style="width:50px"| {{Tooltip| NRR | Net run rate}}
|- style="background-color:#cfc"
|style="text-align:left"|Trinidad and Tobago
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || '''12''' || +0.816
|- style="background:#cfc"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || '''12''' || +0.271
|- style="background:#red"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Titans cricket team|Titans]]
| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || '''8''' || +0.228
|- style="background:#red"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || '''6''' || –0.622
|- style="background:#red"
|style="text-align:left"| [[Brisbane Heat]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || '''2''' || –1.028
|}
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#cfc}} advanced to the [[2013 Champions League Twenty20#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]
{{col-end}}

====Fixtures====
{{main|2013 Champions League Twenty20 #Fixtures}}
:''All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])''

=====Qualifying stage=====
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|matchq2}} 17 September | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Kandurata Maroons]]
| score1 = 168/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 174/2 (18.3 overs)
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| runs1 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 61[[Not out|*]] (46)
| wickets1 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 2/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 71 (53)
| wickets2 = [[Shehan Jayasuriya]] 1/25 (4 overs)
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654331.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], [[Chandigarh]]
| motm = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| bg = W
| stack = yes
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|matchq4}} 18 September | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Faisalabad Wolves]]
| score1 = 127/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 131/3 (17.3 overs)
| team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| runs1 = [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] 56[[Not out|*]] (40)
| wickets1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 1/13 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 59 (50)
| wickets2 = [[Imran Khalid]] 2/14 (2 overs)
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654335.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], [[Chandigarh]]
| motm = [[Amit Mishra]] (Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Paul Reiffel]] (Aus)
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| notes = As result of this match, Otago Volts advanced to Group A and Sunrisers Hyderabad advanced to Group B.
| bg = W
| stack = yes
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|matchq6}} 20 September | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 143/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 144/5 (16.2 overs)
| team2 = [[Otago cricket team|Otago Volts]]
| runs1 = [[JP Duminy]] 57[[Not out|*]] (38)
| wickets1 = [[Nathan McCullum]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 67[[Not out|*]] (39)
| wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/13 (3 overs)
| result = Otago Volts won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654339.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], [[Chandigarh]]
| motm = [[Nathan McCullum]] (Otago)
| umpires = [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind) and [[Paul Reiffel]] (Aus)
| toss = Otago Volts won the toss and elected to field.
| bg = L
| stack = yes
}}

=====Group stage=====
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match7}} 24 September | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = Trinidad and Tobago | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 160/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 164/6 (19.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Darren Bravo]] 66 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Darren Sammy]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Thisara Perera]] 57[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = [[Sunil Narine]] 4/9 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], [[Chandigarh]] Attendance: 16,299
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Thisara Perera]] (Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S.Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654353.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 4 wickets
| bg = W
| stack = yes
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match10}} 26 September | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 202/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 190/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 84 (57)
| wickets1 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Darren Sammy]] 50 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 2/34 (4 overs)
| venue = [[JSCA International Cricket Stadium|JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]] Attendance: 32,783
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Suresh Raina]] (Chennai)
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654359.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 12 runs
| notes = [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] made the fastest half century (16 balls) in CLT20.
| bg = L
| stack = yes
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match12}} 28 September | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Titans cricket team|Titans]]
| score1 = 145/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 147/2 (16.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 37 (21)
| wickets1 = [[David Wiese]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Henry Davids]] 64 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 1/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[JSCA International Cricket Stadium|JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]] Attendance: 28,347
| toss = Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Henry Davids]] (Titans)
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S.Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654363.html Scorecard]
| result = Titans won by 8 wickets
| bg = L
| stack = yes
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match17}} 30 September | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Brisbane Heat]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 =
| score2 =
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S.Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/654373.html Scorecard]
| result = Match abandoned without a ball bowled
| rain = Match abandoned due to rain.
| notes = As a result of this match, {{color|red|Sunrisers Hyderabad were eliminated}}.
| bg = D
| stack = yes
}}


== Statistics ==
{{gallery

| width = 150
| align = center
| File:SHIKHAR DHAWAN (16005494418).jpg
| alt1 = A man wearing a dark-blue shirt and standing near camera.
| [[Shikhar Dhawan]] became highest run-getter for SRH in IPL 2013.

| File:ParthivPatel.jpg
| alt2 = A man wearing dark blue t-shirt with ICC worldcup 2011 logo.
| [[Parthiv Patel]] became second highest run-getter for SRH in IPL 2013.

| File:Amit Mishra.jpg
| alt3 = A man wearing white indian jersey.
| [[Amit Mishra]] became highest wicket-taker for SRH in IPL 2013.

| File:Pm cricket shots09 5910.jpg
| alt4 = A man in a white South-African jersey.
| [[Dale Steyn]] became second highest wicket-taker for SRH in IPL 2013.

}}

{| class="wikitable sortable""
|-
!Name
!Mat
!Runs
!HS
!Ave
!SR
!Wkts
!BBI
!Ave
!Eco
!Ct
!St
|-
|'''[[Shikhar Dhawan]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|14 || style="text-align:center;"|311 || style="text-align:center;"|73* || style="text-align:center;"| 38.87 || style="text-align:center;"| 122.92 || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 3 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|'''[[Kumar Sangakkara]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|9 || style="text-align:center;"|120 || style="text-align:center;"|28 || style="text-align:center;"| 13.33 || style="text-align:center;"| 82.35 || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 3 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|'''[[Parthiv Patel]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|13 || style="text-align:center;"|294 || style="text-align:center;"|61 || style="text-align:center;"| 22.61 || style="text-align:center;"| 115.29 || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 5 || style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
|'''[[Cameron White]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|13 || style="text-align:center;"|209 || style="text-align:center;"|52 || style="text-align:center;"| 17.41 || style="text-align:center;"| 109.42 || style="text-align:center;"| 1 || style="text-align:center;"| 1/14 || style="text-align:center;"| 16.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 8.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 10 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Biplab Samantray]] || style="text-align:center;"|8 || style="text-align:center;"|123 || style="text-align:center;"|55 || style="text-align:center;"| 24.60 || style="text-align:center;"| 110.81 || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 3 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|'''[[Darren Sammy]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|10 || style="text-align:center;"|174 || style="text-align:center;"|60 || style="text-align:center;"| 29.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 131.81 || style="text-align:center;"| 8 || style="text-align:center;"| 4/22 || style="text-align:center;"| 21.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 7.52 || style="text-align:center;"| 3 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|'''[[Thisara Perera]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|16 || style="text-align:center;"|233 || style="text-align:center;"|40 || style="text-align:center;"| 23.30 || style="text-align:center;"| 142.94 || style="text-align:center;"| 19 || style="text-align:center;"| 3/20 || style="text-align:center;"| 25.15 || style="text-align:center;"| 8.01 || style="text-align:center;"| 5 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Hanuma Vihari]] || style="text-align:center;"|17 || style="text-align:center;"|241 || style="text-align:center;"|46 || style="text-align:center;"| 17.41 || style="text-align:center;"| 101.85 || style="text-align:center;"| 1 || style="text-align:center;"| 1/5 || style="text-align:center;"| 38.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 6.33 || style="text-align:center;"| 4 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Ashish Reddy]] || style="text-align:center;"|12 || style="text-align:center;"|125 || style="text-align:center;"|36* || style="text-align:center;"| 20.83 || style="text-align:center;"| 140.44 || style="text-align:center;"| 3 || style="text-align:center;"| 1/7 || style="text-align:center;"| 23.33 || style="text-align:center;"| 10.50 || style="text-align:center;"| 7 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Akshath Reddy]] || style="text-align:center;"|7 || style="text-align:center;"|91 || style="text-align:center;"|27 || style="text-align:center;"| 13.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 90.09 || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 2 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Karn Sharma]] || style="text-align:center;"|13 || style="text-align:center;"|85 || style="text-align:center;"|39* || style="text-align:center;"| 21.25 || style="text-align:center;"| 98.83 || style="text-align:center;"| 11 || style="text-align:center;"| 2/19 || style="text-align:center;"| 20.90 || style="text-align:center;"| 6.60 || style="text-align:center;"| 4 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Dwaraka Ravi Teja]] || style="text-align:center;"|2 || style="text-align:center;"|14 || style="text-align:center;"|10 || style="text-align:center;"| 14.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 82.35 || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 0 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|'''[[Quinton de Kock]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|3 || style="text-align:center;"|6 || style="text-align:center;"|4* || style="text-align:center;"| 2.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 40.00 || style="text-align:center;"|- || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 3 || style="text-align:center;"| 1
|-
|'''[[Dale Steyn]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|17 || style="text-align:center;"|53 || style="text-align:center;"|18* || style="text-align:center;"| 26.50 || style="text-align:center;"| 147.22 || style="text-align:center;"| 19 || style="text-align:center;"| 3/11 || style="text-align:center;"| 20.21 || style="text-align:center;"| 5.66 || style="text-align:center;"| 3 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|'''[[Amit Mishra]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|17 || style="text-align:center;"|89 || style="text-align:center;"|30 || style="text-align:center;"| 14.83 || style="text-align:center;"| 92.70 || style="text-align:center;"| 21 || style="text-align:center;"| 4/19 || style="text-align:center;"| 18.76 || style="text-align:center;"| 6.35 || style="text-align:center;"| 2 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Thalaivan Sargunam]] || style="text-align:center;"|1 || style="text-align:center;"|10 || style="text-align:center;"|10 || style="text-align:center;"| 10.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 58.82 || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 0 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Anand Rajan]] || style="text-align:center;"|2 || style="text-align:center;"|- || style="text-align:center;"|- || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 2 || style="text-align:center;"| 1/20 || style="text-align:center;"| 21.00 || style="text-align:center;"| 5.25 || style="text-align:center;"| 1 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|[[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] || style="text-align:center;"|1 || style="text-align:center;"|- || style="text-align:center;"|- || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 0 || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 8.50 || style="text-align:center;"| 1 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|-
|'''[[Ishant Sharma]]''' || style="text-align:center;"|16 || style="text-align:center;"|0 || style="text-align:center;"|0* || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| - || style="text-align:center;"| 15 || style="text-align:center;"| 3/27 || style="text-align:center;"| 31.06 || style="text-align:center;"| 7.81 || style="text-align:center;"| 6 || style="text-align:center;"| 0
|}

<div style="font-size:75%">[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=7720;team=5143;type=tournament IPL Statistics Full Table on ESPNcricinfo]</div>
 Last updated: 26 Oct 2017

==Awards and achievements==

===Player of the match awards===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! No.
! Date
! Player
! Opponent
! Venue
! Result
! Contribution
! Ref.
|-
! colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"| [[2013 Indian Premier League]]
|-
| 1 || {{dts|1=2013|2=4|3=5|format=dmy}} || [[Amit Mishra]] || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Won by 22 runs || 3/19 (4 overs) || <ref name="IPLR1"/>
|-
| 2 || {{dts|1=2013|2=4|3=7|format=dmy}} || [[Hanuma Vihari]] || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || Hyderabad || Won in Super Over || 1/5 (1 over) & 44[[Not out|*]] (46) || <ref name="IPLR2"/>
|-
| 3 || {{dts|1=2013|2=4|3=12|format=dmy}} || Amit Mishra || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Won by 3 wickets || 1/15 (4 overs) & 16[[Not out|*]] (14) || <ref name="IPLR4"/>
|-
| 4 || {{dts|1=2013|2=4|3=17|format=dmy}} || Amit Mishra || Pune Warriors India || [[Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 11 runs || 30(24) & 4/19 (4 overs) || <ref name="IPLR6"/>
|-
| 5 || {{dts|1=2013|2=4|3=19|format=dmy}} || Hanuma Vihari || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || Hyderabad || Won by 5 wickets || 0/2 (1 over) & 46(39) || <ref name="IPLR7"/>
|-
| 6 || {{dts|1=2013|2=5|3=1|format=dmy}} || [[Ishant Sharma]] || [[Mumbai Indians]] || Hyderabad ||Won By 7 wickets || 2/15 (4 overs) || <ref name="IPLR10"/>
|-
| 7 || {{dts|1=2013|2=5|3=4|format=dmy}} || [[Darren Sammy]] || Delhi Daredevils || Hyderabad ||Won By 6 wickets || 2/10 (3 overs) & 18[[not out|*]] (20) || <ref name="IPLR11"/>
|-
| 8 || {{dts|1=2013|2=5|3=11|format=dmy}} || [[Parthiv Patel]] || Kings XI Punjab || [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium|Mohali]] || Won by 30 runs || 61(47) || <ref name="IPLR13"/>
|-
| 9 || {{dts|1=2013|2=5|3=17|format=dmy}} || Amit Mishra || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || Hyderabad || Won By 23 runs || 2/8 (4 overs) || <ref name="IPLR15"/>
|-
| 10 || {{dts|1=2013|2=5|3=19|format=dmy}} || Parthiv Patel || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || Hyderabad || Won By 5 wickets || 47(37) || <ref name="IPLR16"/>
|-
! colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"| [[2013 Champions League Twenty20]]
|-
! colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"| Qualifying Stage
|-
| 1 || {{dts|1=2013|2=9|3=17|format=dmy}} || [[Shikhar Dhawan]] || [[Kandurata Maroons]] || Mohali || Won by 8 wickets || 71(53) || <ref>{{cite news|title=Match Report Q2 : Sunrisers Hyderabad vs Kandurata Maroons|url=http://www.clt20.com/news/2013/match-reports/1413/match-report-q-2-sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-kandurata-maroons|date=17 September 2013|access-date=16 June 2018|work=CLT20}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || {{dts|1=2013|2=9|3=18|format=dmy}} || Amit Mishra || [[Faisalabad Wolves]] || Mohali || Won by 7 wickets || 1/13 (4 overs) || <ref>{{cite news|title=Match Report Q4 : Sunrisers Hyderabad vs Faisalabad Wolves|url=http://www.clt20.com/news/2013/match-reports/1446/match-report-q4-sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-faisalabad-wolves|date=18 September 2013|access-date=16 June 2018|work=CLT20}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"| Group Stage
|-
| 3 || {{dts|1=2013|2=9|3=24|format=dmy}} || [[Thisara Perera]] || Trinidad and Tobago || Mohali || Won by 4 wickets || 2/26 (4 overs) & 57[[not out|*]] (32) || <ref>{{cite news|title=Match Report M7 : Trinidad & Tobago vs Sunrisers Hyderabad|url=http://www.clt20.com/news/2013/match-reports/1579/match-report-m-7-trinidad-tobago-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad|date=24 September 2013|access-date=16 June 2018|work=CLT20}}</ref>
|}

===Achievements===
;2013 Indian Premier League
* Reached Playoff Stage in their debut season<ref name="IPLR16"/>
* [[Amit Mishra]] took a hat-trick against Pune Warriors <ref name="IPLR6"/>
* Most Economic Bowler : [[Anand Rajan]] (5.25)<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Indian Premier League / Best Bowling Economy|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2013/best-bowling-economy|access-date=29 May 2018|publisher=IPLT20|date=26 May 2013}}</ref>
* Most Dot Balls Bowled : [[Dale Steyn]] (211)<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Indian Premier League / Most Dot Balls|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2013/most-dot-balls|access-date=29 May 2018|publisher=IPLT20|date=26 May 2013}}</ref>

;2013 Champions League
* Qualified to Group Stage from Qualifying Stage<ref>{{cite news|title=Otago cruise to third successive win|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8082/report/654339/otago-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-6th-match,-qualifying-group/|date=20 September 2013|access-date=29 May 2018|work=iplt20.com}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Sunrisers Hyderabad records]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sunrisershyderabad.in Sunrisers Hyderabad official website]

{{Sunrisers Hyderabad}}

[[Category:2013 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Sunrisers Hyderabad seasons]]
[[Category:Cricket in Hyderabad, India]]

Robert Udny-Hamilton, 11th Lord Belhaven and Stenton

2026-03-28T10:33:08Z

Akash Arora:

{{Short description|Scottish representative peer and soldier}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
[[Lieutenant-Colonel]] '''Robert Edward Archibald Udny-Hamilton, 11th Lord Belhaven and Stenton''', [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]], [[Deputy lieutenant|DL]] (8 April 1871 – 26 October 1950) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[List of Scottish representative peers|representative peer]] and a soldier.

On 15 November 1898, he married Kathleen Gonville Bromhead and they had two children:<ref name=P&J>{{citation |title=Lady Belhaven's death |newspaper=Aberdeen Press and Journal |issue=25248 |page=8 |date=3 December 1935 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>

*Julia Somerset, Lady Raglan (1901–1971), married the [[FitzRoy Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan|4th Baron Raglan]]<ref name=P&J /> and had issue.
*[[Robert Hamilton, 12th Lord Belhaven and Stenton|Robert Alexander Benjamin Hamilton, 12th Lord Belhaven and Stenton]] (1903–1961) married (1) Heather Mildred Carmichael Bell<ref name=P&J /> and had issue and (2) Cyrilla Mary Binns, Lady Belhaven and Stenton<ref>{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p5649.htm#i56482 |title= p5649.htm#i56482 |publisher= The Peerage}}{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=August 2012}}</ref> and had issue.

Kathleen died on 1 December 1935 at their home, [[Udny Castle]],<ref>{{citation |title=Death of Lady Belhaven |newspaper=Evening Telegraph and Post |issue=18414 |page=6 |date=2 December 1935 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref> and Lord Belhaven married Sheila de Hauteville Pearson on 25 March 1938.<ref>{{citation |title=Udny Laird married |newspaper=Aberdeen Press and Journal |issue=25970 |page=5 |date=26 March 1938 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref> They had two children:<ref>{{citation |title=Daughter for peer of 70 |newspaper=Gloucestershire Echo |page=1 |date=21 April 1941 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>

*Hon. Margaret de Hauteville Hamilton (b. 3 July 1939),<ref>{{citation |title=Daughter to Lord and Lady Belhaven |newspaper=Aberdeen Press and Journal |issue=26367 |page=6 |date=4 July 1939 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref> wife of [[Keith Schellenberg]].<ref>Burke's Peerage, 107th edition, 2003, vol. 1, p. 330</ref>
*Dr. Hon. Victoria Edith Hamilton (b. 17 April 1941).

Belhaven rose to the rank of [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] in the service of the [[Indian Army]] and fought in the [[Chitral expedition]] in 1895, the [[Tirah Campaign]] from 1897 to 1898 and the [[Mesopotamia]] campaign from 1915 to 1918, where he was [[mentioned in dispatches]].<ref name=P&J />

In 1920, he succeeded his uncle (whose son Ralph, Master of Belhaven, had been killed during the defence of Amiens, 31 March 1918) as [[Lord Belhaven and Stenton]]. He was baptised as '''Robert Edward Archibald Hamilton''' but, in 1934, he legally changed his name to '''Robert Edward Archibald Udny-Hamilton'''.

After suffering ill-health for two years, Udny-Hamilton died at his home, Udny Castle, on 26 October 1950.<ref>{{citation |title=Death of Scots peer |newspaper=Evening Telegraph and Post |issue=23065 |page=7 |date=27 October 1950 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-npo|mason}}
{{succession box | title=[[List of Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of Scotland|Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland]] | before=[[Alexander Archibald Hagart-Speirs]] | after=[[Alexander Fraser, 20th Lord Saltoun|The Lord Saltoun]] | years=1931–1933}}
{{s-reg|sct}}
{{succession box | title=[[Lord Belhaven and Stenton]] | before=[[Alexander Hamilton, 10th Lord Belhaven and Stenton|Alexander Hamilton]] | after=[[Robert Hamilton, 12th Lord Belhaven and Stenton|Robert Hamilton]] | years=1920–1950}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Belhaven And Stenton, Robert Hamilton-Udny, 11th Lord}}
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:Nobility from Aberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Scottish representative peers]]
[[Category:Scottish soldiers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Tirah campaign]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Chitral Expedition]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]]
[[Category:Deputy lieutenants of Lanarkshire]]
[[Category:Lords Belhaven and Stenton]]

9th Horse (Deccan Horse)

2026-03-25T16:52:48Z

Akash Arora: small changes

{{Short description|Regiment of the Indian Army}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = The Deccan Horse (9 Horse)
| image = [[File:Stamp of India - 1984 - Colnect 527010 - The Deccan Horse Regiment.jpeg]]
| image_size = 305px
| caption =
| dates = 1790–present
| country = {{flag|British India}} {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|British India|23px}} [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
| type = Cavalry
| role =
| size = Regiment
| command_structure = [[Indian Armoured Corps]]
| nickname = Deccan Horse
| patron =
| motto = संघे शक्ति (Sanghe Shakti)
| colors =
| march =
| mascot =
| equipment = Tanks
| battles = [[Second Afghan War]] 1879–1880 [[Third Anglo-Burmese War|Burma War]] 1886–1888 [[Boxer Rebellion|China]] 1900
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours = [[Central India]] [[Battle of Givenchy]] [[Battle of the Somme]] [[Battle of Bazentin]] [[Battle of Delville Wood]] [[Battle of Flers–Courcelette]] [[Battle of Cambrai (1917)|Battle of Cambrai]] [[France]] and [[Flanders]] 1914–18 [[Battle of Megiddo (1918)|Battle of Megiddo]] [[Battle of Sharon]] Capture of [[Damascus]] [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] 1918 [[Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay|Battle of Meiktilla]] [[Burma Campaign 1944–45#Race for Rangoon|Rangoon Road]] [[Burma Campaign 1944–45]] [[Battle of Asal Uttar|Asal Uttar]] Punjab 1965
| notable_commanders = [[Arun Shridhar Vaidya|Gen AS Vaidya, Padma Vibhushan, PVSM, MVC & Bar, AVSM]] Lt Gen RK Gulati, PVSM Lt Gen AS Sandhu, PVSM Lt Gen TS Shergill, PVSM Lt Gen Aditya Singh, PVSM, AVSM** Lt Gen RK Loomba PVSM, AVSM
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_2 = 
| abbreviation =
| Past Commanders =
| ceremonial_chief =
| colonel_of_the_regiment = Lieutenant General Rajesh Pushkar<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.2025-12-27.268912/|title=Gazette of India, No 52|date=2025-12-27|access-date=2026-01-16}}</ref>
}}

'''The Deccan Horse''' or '''9 Horse''' is one of the oldest and most decorated armoured regiments of the [[Indian Army]]. '''The Royal Deccan Horse (9th Horse)''', which was a regular cavalry regiment of the [[British Indian Army]] was formed from the amalgamation of two regiments after World War I. They saw service from the [[Mutiny of 1857]] up to and including [[World War II]].

==Formation==
The 9th Royal Deccan Horse can trace its formation to 1790 when it was called [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Asif Sah]]'s Irregular Cavalry. Two regiments were raised for service under the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] in [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]], who was allied with the British [[East India Company]].{{CN|date=March 2026}}

During the following years, the titles of these two Regiments went through many changes. They were known by the following titles over the years:

*'''1816''': Nawab Jalal-ud-Daula's, Captains Davies' and Clerk's Risalas; '''1826''': 1st Regiment, Nizam's Cavalry; '''1854''': 1st Cavalry, Hyderabad Contingent; '''1890''': 1st Lancers, Hyderabad Contingent; '''1903''': 20th Deccan Horse; '''1921''': 20th Royal Deccan Horse
*'''1816''': Nawab Murtaza Yar Jang's, Captains Hallis' and Smith's Risalas; '''1826''': 2nd Regiment, Nizam's Cavalry; '''1854''': 2nd Cavalry, Hyderabad Contingent; '''1890''': 2nd Lancers, Hyderabad Contingent; '''1903''': 29th Lancers (Deccan Horse).<ref>{{cite book|title=Supplement to the Indian Army list, January 1937|date=1937|publisher= Defence Department, Government of India|pages=417–418}}</ref>

In 1903, during [[Kitchener Reforms|Kitchener's reform]] of the Indian Army, the 'Hyderabad Contingent' was incorporated into the regular British Indian Cavalry as the two regiments, the 20th Deccan Horse and 29th Lancers (Deccan Horse). In 1921, 20th Deccan Horse was given the title "Royal" for its distinguished service during [[World War I]]. In 1921, the two regiments were merged under the name "The 9th Royal Deccan Horse". In 1927, the designation was changed to "The Royal Deccan Horse (9th Horse)". The regimental class composition at the time of the Hyderabad Contingent was a squadron each of [[Sikhs]], [[Deccani Muslims|Deccani Mussalmans]] and [[Jat people|Jats]]. In 1927, the composition was of [[Punjabi Muslims]], Sikhs and Jats.<ref name="Jackson">{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Donovan|title= India's Army|date=1940|publisher= Sampson Low, Marston & Co Ltd|pages=79–84}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Supplement to the Indian Army list, January 1937|date=1937|publisher= Defence Department, Government of India|pages=417–418}}</ref> On India becoming a Republic in 1950, the regiment's name was finally changed to "The Deccan Horse (9th Horse)".

==History==
The Deccan Horse which remained a local corps in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], was frequently called for service during the 18th and 19th centuries. This included operations in the frontier to check the incursions of the [[Pindari]]s (1811), in [[Aurangabad]] against the Naiks in [[Berar Province|Central Berar]] (1817), the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] of 1817–18, sieges of Nowah and [[Umarkhed|Umerkher]] in January 1819, in operations in the [[Raichur Doab]] (1819), against the [[Bhil people|Bhils]] in [[Kingaon]], attack on the fort at Dandoti (1828), against Bhils in [[Lonar]] (1829), attack on the fort of Kaptak (1830), seizure of the fort in [[Nandgaon, Maharashtra|Nandgaon]] (1832), capture of the fort at Nanand (1833), against the Bhils at Jafferabad and [[Dhar]], north of [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]], against the Arabs near [[Afzalpur]] (1841), against the [[Rohilla]]s at [[Warur]] and [[Bairagarh, Berasia|Bairugarh]] (1842), against the Rohillas near Nander and at the capture of the fort of Saorgaon (1842), against Bhils (1845–46), attack on the fort at Kandat (1847), in the quelling of a Rohilla rebellion and in the capture of the fort of Rai Mhow (1848), siege of Dharur (1851) and the siege of Sailur (1854).<ref name="Burton 1905">{{cite book|last=Burton|first=Major Reginald George|title=A History of the Hyderabad Contingent|date=1905|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India}}</ref>
[[File:WELD 1862 in India pg214 (049 Irregular Cavalry of the Hyderabad Contingent, Mounted).jpg|thumb|right|Irregular Cavalry of the Hyderabad Contingent, Mounted, 1862]]
Following the formation of the Hyderabad Contingent, the unit saw action in many locations around and after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] ([[Dhar]], [[Jhansi]], Piplia, [[Betwa River]], Rawal, [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]], [[Mandsaur|Mandesur]], Kunch, Ratgarh, [[Kalpi]], Madanpur, Bilawa, [[Chanderi]], [[Gwalior]] and [[Garhakota|Garakota]]) winning a [[Victoria Cross]] (VC) in 1859 and was also awarded the battle honour, 'Central India' for its efforts in suppression of the mutiny in 1857–58.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hodder|first=Reginald|title=Famous fights of Indian native regiments|date=1940|publisher=Hodder and Stoughton|page=166}}</ref><ref name="Burton 1905"/>
[[File:Standard of the 1st Lancers Hyderabad Contingent.png|thumb|right|Standard of the 1st Lancers, Hyderabad Contingent]]

Officers and troops from the regiment took part in the [[Second Afghan War]], [[Tirah campaign]], [[Kurram Valley Field Force]] (1879–1880), the [[Third Anglo-Burmese War|Burma War]] (1886–1888), in Central Africa (1891–1892), in the North-West Frontier expedition (1897–1898), in China during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] (1900) and in the [[Second Boer War|South African War]] (1900–1901).<ref name="Jackson"/><ref name="Burton 1905"/>

===World War I===
The 20th Deccan Horse was sent to [[France]] for service on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. The regiment was stationed in [[Bolarum]] before the war. It sailed from [[Mumbai|Bombay]] on board the SS Ellora and HMT Egra on 15 September 1914 to [[Marseille]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.25thlondon.com/egra.htm|title=H.M.T. Egra|access-date=2020-11-22}}</ref> It was part of the [[9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade]] of the [[2nd Indian Cavalry Division]].<ref name="cwgc.org">{{cite web|title=The Ypres Salient |website=Commonwealth War Graves Commission |url=http://www.cwgc.org/ypres/content.asp?id=33&menu=subsub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914181116/http://www.cwgc.org/ypres/content.asp?id=33&menu=subsub |archive-date=14 September 2012}}</ref> The regiment remained in the vicinity or Marseille from 12 to 23 October 1914, following which it moved to [[Orléans]]. It moved to [[Vieille-Chapelle]] in November and saw fighting around [[Festubert]] in November and December 1914. It took part in the [[Winter operations 1914–1915|attack on Givenchy]] and took heavy casualties. The regiment remained behind the lines during most of 1915.

On 14 July 1916 during the [[Battle of Bazentin Ridge]], part of the [[Battle of the Somme]], the 20th Deccan with the [[7th Dragoon Guards]] (the [[9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade]]) were called forward to support the first [[Attacks on High Wood|attack on High Wood]]. Catching some German infantry in the open, they charged with lance and sword, killing 16 and capturing 32 Germans for the cost of 6 killed 45 wounded, with 12 horses killed and 52 wounded, mainly after the regiment had dismounted to hold the captured ground. They were withdrawn on the following morning, but the charge was given a favourable mention in Sir [[Douglas Haig]]'s dispatches and received much coverage from the British press, anxious for some news of success.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/riding-g-gap-charge-20th-deccan-horse-high-wood/ |title=Riding for the G in GAP |last=Hay |first=George |date=16 July 2016 |website=nationalarchives.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Deccan Horse France 1916.jpg|thumb|right|305px|The 20th Deccan Horse in the [[Carnoy]] Valley shortly before their unsuccessful attack at High Wood during the [[Battle of the Somme|Somme offensive]], 14 July 1916]]
[[File:Deccan Horse, Bazentin Ridge 1916.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Deccan Horse, Bazentin Ridge in The Battle of the Somme, 1916]]

The regiment landed in [[Sultanate of Egypt|Egypt]] on 10 April 1918 and moved to [[Tell El Kebir]], [[El Qantara, Egypt|Kantara]] and finally to [[Deir al-Balah|Belah]] on 27 April 1918 to join the [[14th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)|14th Cavalry Brigade]] of the [[5th Cavalry Division (India)|5th Cavalry Division]]. The regiment was involved in frequent encounters with the Turkish forces in July and August 1918. The regiment moved to Deiran (Palestine) and fought in the [[Battle of Megiddo (1918)|Battle of Megiddo]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War |last=Falls |first=Cyril |series=Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence |author2=A. F. Becke (maps)|year=1930 |volume=2 Part II |publisher=HM Stationery Office |location=London|oclc=256950972}} p. 667</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchingww1.co.uk/20th-deccan-horse|title=20th Deccan Horse in World War 1|access-date=2020-11-22}}</ref>

The 29th Lancers were also sent to France they formed part of the [[8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade]] of the [[1st Indian Cavalry Division]].<ref name="cwgc.org"/> Both regiments would at times serve as Infantry in the trenches, before being withdrawn for service in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].{{CN|date=March 2026}}

===World War II===
[[File:The German Withdrawal To the Hindenburg Line, March-april 1917 Q4997.jpg|thumb|right|
Troops of the 29th Lancers Regiment (Deccan Horse) near [[Pys]], armed with lances and making their way through a shell torn landscape, following the German withdrawal to the [[Hindenburg Line]], March 1917.]]
[[File:British commander and Indian crew encounter elephant near Meiktila.jpg|thumb|305px|right|Sherman tank of the 9th Royal Deccan Horse on the road to Meiktila, 29 March 1945]]
During the Second World War, the regiment converted to tanks and became part of the [[255th Indian Tank Brigade]].<ref>{{cite web|title=wewerethere|url=http://www.wewerethere.defencedynamics.mod.uk/ww2/india_1.html|access-date=2 July 2008|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080901211337/http%3A//www.wewerethere.defencedynamics.mod.uk/ww2/india_1.html|archive-date=1 September 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The regiment along with [[16th Light Cavalry]], [[5th King Edward's Own Probyn's Horse]] and 116th Royal Armoured Corps (Gordon Highlanders) reached Kanglatongbi in [[Colonial Assam|Assam]] in October 1944, where training and exercises took place. The regiment then proceeded east and took part in the [[Burma campaign|re-conquest of Burma]].<ref name="McKelvie">{{cite book|last=McKelvie|first=Roy|title=The War in Burma|date=1948|publisher=Methuel and Co Ltd, London|pages=256, 266}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mylne|first=BH|title=An Account of the Operations in Burma Carried Out by Probyn's Horse During February, March and April 1945|date=2012|publisher=Naval & Military Press Ltd|isbn=978-1845743222}}</ref>

==Post Independence==
===Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948===
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]]
A squadron of the regiment fought in the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] operations (1948–49) in Chhamb sector. Tanks of the regiment were rafted across the [[Chenab River]] at [[Akhnoor]].<ref name="KSBajwa">{{cite book|last=Bajwa|first=KS|title= Jammu and Kashmir War, 1947-1948: Political and Military Perspective|date=2003|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn= 978-8124109236|page=241}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiapicks.com/stamps/Forces/1111_Deccan_Horse.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210194723/http://indiapicks.com/stamps/Forces/1111_Deccan_Horse.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=10 December 2005|title=Deccan Horse Stamp 1984|access-date=2020-11-14}}</ref>

===Indo-Pakistani War of 1965===
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], the regiment with its [[M4 Sherman|Sherman]] tanks saw fierce action in the [[Khemkaran]] Sector. It was one of the main units responsible for creating the 'Patton Graveyard' of Pakistani tanks. In the [[Battle of Asal Uttar]], [[Pakistan]] lost 97 tanks including 75 of the latest [[M48 Patton|Pattons]]. The Indians lost 14 tanks including 10 of the Deccan horse.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://medium.com/indian-defence/battle-of-asal-uttar-part-2-110558596e82|title= Battle of Asal Uttar (1965)— Part 2|date=2016-11-15| access-date=2020-11-14}}</ref> The regiment won 24 decorations and the battle honours "Asal Uttar" and "Punjab 1965". The Commandant of the Regiment, Lt Col (later Gen) [[Arun Shridhar Vaidya|A S Vaidya]] was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]] for leading the regiment with gallantry.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/09/19/recalling-indo-pak-war-1965.html|title=' Recalling the Indo-Pak War of 1965' in The Week|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |date=2020-09-23|access-date=2020-11-14}}</ref><ref name="Bajwa">{{cite book|last=Bajwa|first=Farooq Naseem|title= From Kutch to Tashkent: The Indo-Pakistan War of 1965|date=2013|publisher= C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd|isbn= 978-1849042307}}</ref>

===Indo-Pakistani War of 1971===
In the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], The Deccan Horse with its [[T-54/T-55|T-54]] tanks was once again at the forefront of the fight in the [[Battle of Chamb]].<ref name="Sukhwant Singh 1998">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Sukhwant|title= India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the western border|date=1998|publisher= Spantech|isbn= 978-1897829424}}</ref> The unit was part of the [[10th Indian Infantry Division|10 Infantry Division]]. The Regimental headquarters and two squadron were with the 191 Infantry Brigade.<ref name="Jagjit Singh 1994">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagjit |title=Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front 1971|date=1994|publisher= Spantech & Lancer|isbn=978-1897829554|page=79}}</ref> The third squadron less a troop were with the 52 Infantry Brigade. It won six Gallantry awards. This gallant battle by the Regiment blunted and stalled the largest offensive ever mounted by Pakistan since Independence.

==Awards and honours==
The unit was one of the most decorated regiments of the [[British Indian Army]] and has continued to show its valour under the [[Indian Army]]. Prominent winners of gallantry awards include:
;Early years<ref>{{cite book|last=India|first=Government of|title=The Historical Record of the Imperial Visit to India 1911; compiled from the Official Records under the orders of the Viceroy and Governor-General of India|date=1914|publisher=John Murray (London)}}</ref><ref name="Burton 1905"/>

*[[Battle honour]] : Central India<ref>{{cite book|last=Norman|first=C.B.|title=Battle honours of the British army|date=1911|publisher=John Murray (London)|page=490}}</ref>
*[[Victoria Cross]] : Captain [[Herbert Clogstoun]] of the 2nd Cavalry, Hyderabad Contingent during the [[Indian Mutiny]] when the following deed took place on 15 January 1859 for which he was awarded the VC:
''For conspicuous bravery in charging the, Rebels into Chichumbah with only eight men of his Regiment (the 2nd Cavalry Hyderabad Contingent), compelling them to re-enter the Town, and finally to abandon their plunder. He was severely wounded himself, and lost seven out of the eight men who accompanied him.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22318|page=3792|date=21 October 1859}}</ref>''
*[[Order of the Bath|Companions of the Order of the Bath]]: Major H. D. Abbott, Lieutenant H.C. Dowker, 1st Cavalry, Hyderabad Contingent; Major A. W. Macintire, 2nd Cavalry, Hyderabad Contingent, Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel E. F. H. McSwiney, 1st Lancers, Hyderabad Contingent.
*[[Distinguished Service Order|Companion of the Distinguished Service Order]] : Lieutenant Macquoid.
*[[Order of British India]] : Risaldar Major Ahmad Bakhsh Khan, Hyderabad Contingent, Risaldar Major Karim Dad Khan, 20th Deccan Horse, Risaldar Major Hussain Khan, 29th Lancers (Deccan Horse).
*[[Indian Order of Merit]] : Jemadar Sahib Singh, Dufiadar Bhairi Lai Singh, Ressaidar Ala-ud-din, Jemadar Md. Din Khan, Jemadar Mir Karim Ali, Duffadar Jiwan Singh, Duffadar Ganesh Singh, Duffadar Sadhu Singh, Jemadar Alif Khan, Duffadar Ganga Singh, Trooper Mukarrim Khan, Ressaidar Mirza Anwar Ali Beg, Risaldar-Major Mirza Zulfikar Ali Beg, Ressaidar Abdul Rahman Khan, Duffadar Kasim Hussain Beg, Duffadar Kallandar Beg, Trooper Kudrat All Khan, 1st Cavalry, Hyderabad Contingent; Risaldar-Major Mir Dilawar Hussein, Ressaidar Bakshi Ali, and Jemadar Mir Akbar Ali, Jemadar Beg Muhammad Khan, Duffadar Bargir Muhammad Sharif, Trooper Mahomed Noor Khan, Ressaidar Meer Mahomed Shah, Trooper Meer Hossain Ali, Trooper Sheik Chand, Trooper Emom Ali Khan, Trooper Sheik Hyder, 2nd Cavalry, Hyderabad Contingent; Sowar Wazir Khan, Sowar Kale Khan, 2nd Lancers, Hyderabad Contingent; Dafadar Ghafur Khan, Dafadar Hussain Ali Khan, Dafadar Mir Murid Ali, Dafadar Kifayat Khan, Dafadar Anwar Khan, Kot Dafadar Shah Nur Khan, Dafadar Mustafa Khan, Dafadar Salamat Ali Khan, Dafadar Abdul Rahman Khan, 20th Deccan Horse.

===Imperial Visit to India, 1911===
The following were honoured during the [[Delhi Durbar|Imperial Visit of King George V to India]]<ref>{{cite book|last=India|first=Government of|title= The Historical Record of the Imperial Visit to India 1911; compiled from the Official Records under the orders of the Viceroy and Governor-General of India|date=1914|publisher= John Murray (London)}}</ref>
*[[Order of British India|Order of British India, 2nd class]] : Risaldar Major Shaikh Muhammad Afzal Husain, 29th Lancers (Deccan Horse), Risaldar Major Hanuman Singh, 20th Deccan Horse.

===World War I===
[[File:DH 2.jpg|thumb|right|The Deccan Horse War Memorial, Jammu and Kashmir]]
*[[Battle honour]]s : [[Battle of Givenchy|Givenchy, 1914]], [[Battle of the Somme|Somme, 1916]], [[Battle of Bazentin|Bazentin]], [[Battle of Delville Wood|Delville Wood]], [[Battle of Flers–Courcelette|Flers–Courcelette]], [[Battle of Cambrai (1917)|Cambrai, 1917]], [[France]] and [[Flanders]] 1914–18, [[Battle of Megiddo (1918)|Megiddo]], [[Battle of Sharon|Sharon]], [[Damascus]], and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine, 1918]].
*[[Victoria Cross]]: [[Badlu Singh|Risaldar Badlu Singh]] – He was part of the [[14th Murray's Jat Lancers]] attached to the 29th Lancers (Deccan Horse). He was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] posthumously for his gallant act of bravery on 23 September 1918 at Kh. Es Samariyeh, Jordan River, [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. His citation reads as follows -

''On 23rd September 1918 on the west bank of the River Jordan, Palestine, when his squadron was charging a strong enemy position, Risaldar Badlu Singh realised that heavy casualties were being inflicted from a small hill occupied by machine-guns and 200 infantry. Without any hesitation he collected six other ranks and with entire disregard of danger he charged and captured the position. He was mortally wounded on the very top of the hill when capturing one of the machine-guns single handed, but all the guns and infantry had surrendered to him before he died.<ref>London Gazette, 27 November 1918</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vconline.org.uk/badlu-singh-vc/4585939677|title=Badlu Singh VC|access-date=2020-11-14}}</ref>''

23 September is commemorated as "Jordan Valley Day" every year in the Regiment.
Other gallantry awards include:

*[[Military Cross]]: Jemadar Jai Lal Singh, 29th Lancers (Deccan Horse) (Egypt)
*[[Order of British India]]: Risaldar Prem Singh, Risaldar Major Nigahia Ram, Risaldar Konsal Singh (20th Deccan Horse) (France); Risaldar Major Ghulam Dastaghir Khan, Risaldar Major Chanda Singh, Risaldar Major Ahmad Khan, Risaldar Hayat Ali Beg, Ressaidar Daya Singh, Ressaidar Jaggar Singh (29th Lancers (Deccan Horse)) (France / Egypt / India).
*[[Indian Order of Merit]]: Dafadar Sardar Singh, Dafadar Shankar Rao, Jemadar Mirza Ahmed Beg (20th Deccan Horse), Risaldar Hayat Ali Beg, Jemadar Abdul Rahim Khan, Sowar Indar Singh, Sowar Chandan Singh, Dafadar Puran Singh, Dafadar Jot Ram, Sowar Balwant Singh (29th Lancers (Deccan Horse)) (France / Egypt).
*[[Indian Distinguished Service Medal]]s: 27 medals (20th Deccan Horse), 22 medals (29th Lancers (Deccan Horse)) (France / Egypt).
*[[Indian Meritorious Service Medal (for Indian Army)|Indian Meritorious Service Medal]]s: 40 medals (20th Deccan Horse), 33 medals (29th Lancers (Deccan Horse)) (France / Egypt).
*[[Croix De Guerre]] (French): 2 medals (20th Deccan Horse), 1 medal (29th Lancers (Deccan Horse)) (France).
*Leim Alilimdetaire (French): 1 medal (20th Deccan Horse) (France).
*[[Croix de guerre (Belgium)]]: 1 medal (20th Deccan Horse), 3 medals (29th Lancers (Deccan Horse)) (France)<ref>{{cite book|last=India|first=Adjutant General of |title=List of Honours Awarded to the Indian Army August 1914 to August 1921|date=1930|publisher= Committee Indian War Memorial Delhi}}</ref>

===World War II===

*[[Battle honour]]s : Meiktila and Rangoon Road, Capture of Meiktila, Defence of Meiktila, Pyabwe and Burma 1942–45.
*[[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)]] : Major General A G O M Mayne<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tiger Strikes|date=1942|publisher=Director of Public Relations, India Command, Government of India|page=147}}</ref>
*[[Distinguished Service Order]] : Acting Lieutenant Colonel George Hannyngton Carr<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37433/supplement/498/data.pdf|title= Supplement To The London Gazette, 17 January, 1946|access-date=2020-11-22 }}</ref>
*[[Order of the British Empire|Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] : Risaldar Major Mir Yusaf Ali<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37433/supplement/496|title= Supplement To The London Gazette, 17 January, 1946|access-date=2020-11-22 }}</ref>
*[[Military Cross]]: Captain David Herbert Mudie, Captain Robert Bruce Kennard, Temporary Captain Sheodan Singh, Second Lieutenant Richard Francis Sherwill, Jemadar Pritam Singh<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37433/supplement/499/data.pdf|title= Supplement To The London Gazette, 17 January, 1946|access-date=2020-11-22 }}</ref>
*The regiment won 36 gallantry awards.

===Indo-Pakistani War of 1965===

*[[Battle honour]]s : [[Battle of Asal Uttar|Asal Uttar]], Punjab 1965
*[[Maha Vir Chakra]] : [[Arun Shridhar Vaidya|Lt Col AS Vaidya]]<ref>{{cite web |title=INVESTITURE CEREMONY AT RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1966-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1966-04-19_199.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=19 April 1966}}</ref>
*[[Vir Chakra]] : A Lance/Dafadar Tirlok Singh,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/tirlok-singh|title=Trilok Singh VrC|access-date=2020-11-21|archive-date=4 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104092744/https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/tirlok-singh|url-status=dead}}</ref> Risaldar Achhar Singh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/achhar-singh|title=Achhar Singh VrC|access-date=2020-11-21|archive-date=4 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104072607/https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/achhar-singh|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Sena Medal]] : Risaldar Kisal Singh, Dafadar Babu Singh, Sowar Sant Singh<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.1967.190/page/n57/mode/2up?q=%22central+india+horse%22|title=Gazette of India, No 1|date=1967-01-07| access-date=2020-12-22}}</ref>
*The regiment won 24 gallantry awards.

===Indo-Pakistani War of 1971===
*[[Vir Chakra]] : Captain Surendra Kaushik,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/surendra-kaushik|title=Surendra Kaushik VrC|access-date=2020-11-21|archive-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719073653/http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/surendra-kaushik|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lance Dafadar Sushil Kumar,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/sushil-kumar-0|title=Sushil Kumar VrC|access-date=2020-11-21|archive-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719145107/http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/sushil-kumar-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> Risaldar Brahma Nand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/brahma-nand|title=Brahma Nand VrC|access-date=2020-11-21|archive-date=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721193733/http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/brahma-nand|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sowar Jai Singh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/jai-singh-0|title=Jai Singh VrC|access-date=2020-11-21|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204134005/https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/jai-singh-0|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*The regiment won 6 gallantry awards.

===President's Guidon===
In recognition of its distinguished service, the Deccan Horse was selected for presentation of a "[[President's Colour Award|Guidon]]" by the President of India [[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]] at [[Nabha]] on 9 January 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiapicks.com/stamps/Forces/1111_Deccan_Horse.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210194723/http://indiapicks.com/stamps/Forces/1111_Deccan_Horse.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=10 December 2005|title=Deccan Horse Stamp 1984|access-date=2020-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Publications Division|first=Director|title=Speeches of President Giani Zail Singh Vol 1|date=1987|publisher=Publications Division, Government of India}}</ref>

==Regimental insignia==
[[File:Insignia.jpg|thumb|The Deccan Horse (9 HORSE) Regimental Insignia]]
The insignia of the 9th Royal Deccan Horse consisted of crossed lances with letters 'R.D.H.' within the garter surmounted by the crown. The present Regimental insignia consists of crossed [[lance]]s with [[pennon]]s of Red over White mounted with the [[State Emblem of India]] and a scroll at the base with the words ''The Deccan Horse''. The numeral "9" is inscribed on the crossing of the lances along with the motto of the Regiment in [[Devanagari]] script. The motto of the Regiment is संघे शक्ति (Sanghe Shakti) which means "In Association, there is Strength".

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{British Indian Army Cavalry Regiments 1903 - 1946}}
{{Indian Army Armoured Corps}}

[[Category:British Indian Army cavalry regiments]]
[[Category:Honourable East India Company regiments]]
[[Category:Indian World War I regiments]]
[[Category:Indian World War II regiments]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1790]]
[[Category:Armoured and cavalry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|R]]

Love Mocktail 2

2026-03-24T18:55:50Z

Akash Arora:

{{short description|2022 film by Krishna}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Love Mocktail 2
| image = Love Mocktail 2 poster.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Darling Krishna]]
| writer = Darling Krishna
| producer = Darling Krishna [[Milana Nagaraj]]
| starring = {{ubl|Darling Krishna|Milana Nagaraj|[[Rachel David]]|[[Amrutha Iyengar]]}}
| cinematography = Sri Crazy Mindz
| editing = Sri Crazy Mindz
| music = [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
| studio = Krishna Talkies
| distributor = [[KRG Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|2022|02|11|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = ₹2 crore
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|21 crore}}<ref name="LMBOXOFFICE" />
}}

'''''Love Mocktail 2''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama]] film written and directed by [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Darling Krishna]], who produced the film with his wife [[Milana Nagaraj]]. Krishna and Milana also star, alongside [[Rachel David]]. The film serves as a sequel to ''[[Love Mocktail]]'' (2020). The plot follows the life of Adi who is coping with the death of his wife Nidhi and tries to move on.

Krishna completed the script work of the sequel by June 2020. It was filmed and edited by Sri Crazy Mindz while [[Nakul Abhyankar]] composed the music. ''Love Mocktail 2'' was released theatrically on 11 February 2022. The film received positive reviews from critics and collected over ₹21 crore on a budget of ₹2 crore, becoming the [[List of Kannada films of 2022#Box office collection|eight highest grossing Kannada film]] of the year.<ref name="LMBOXOFFICE">{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/sandalwood-box-office-2022-k-g-f-chapter-2-kantara-lead-the-industry-over-1000-crores-for-first-time-1205941%3famp|title=Sandalwood Box Office 2022: From KGF Chapter 2 to Love Mocktail 2, the Industry is over 1000 crores for first time|website=Pinkvilla|accessdate=13 February 2023|archive-date=13 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113113123/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/sandalwood-box-office-2022-k-g-f-chapter-2-kantara-lead-the-industry-over-1000-crores-for-first-time-1205941?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
Following the events of the previous film, Vijay (Viju) and Sushma go to a police station to report Adi as missing after he switches off his phone. When asked, they narrate what happened so far.

After Nidhi's death, Adi spends two years in depression. One day, Sushma realizes that she has a letter that Nidhi had written to him if he can't forget her. She and Vijay go to deliver it to him, but they see he has stopped grieving and gotten back together with Jyo and decide not to hand over the letter to Adi. However, it turns out he took the letter anyway and reads it. Adi starts looking for love with the help of Vijay and a matchmaker, Jakana, but finds that all the women that he meets had known him from earlier incidents. Vijay and Sushma see him with Jyo again and confront him, but they find out that they're not meeting as lovers and, shockingly, that Adi has been hallucinating Nidhi the whole time, and she has been providing him guidance based on the letter, which asked him to find a new wife to take care of him. They go to a psychiatrist, who gives him medicine, and he decides to accept Sihi as his new wife, who had a crush on him since his college days. However, Sihi's family doesn't accept him due to his previous marriage; to alleviate this, Adi and Sihi visit her grandfather to approve of their marriage.

Adi doesn't take his medicine, and he still gets advice from Nidhi. When they arrive at his country home, Adi tries to impress her grandfather based on Nidhi's suggestions, but they end up backfiring. Sihi's grandfather was particularly loyal to his wife, and didn't marry anyone else after she died, which makes him distrust Adi. Additionally, Adi and Sihi end up meeting Aditi, who has come to the area on her honeymoon, and is unimpressed with his new escapades as he had claimed that Nidhi's love is enough for one lifetime in the last film. One day, he asks Adi if he remembers his wife; although Nidhi tells him to say no, Adi reveals that he sees her as someone who is a part of him. The next day, Adi is told to go to the temple, where Sihi and her grandfather are; he states that he underestimated Adi and grants his approval. However, Sihi rejects Adi, revealing that she found out he still sees Nidhi, and tells him to leave. Afterwards, the visions of Nidhi leave as well. When Vijay calls to tell him a corny joke about the "misery" of marriage, Adi calls him out, pointing out that despite being in a love marriage he doesn't show affection to his wife, and turns off his phone. He picks up Sihi's grandfather's live-in maid, who reveals her own struggles after her husband died but relates how she found a new life in her son, also named Adi. Inspired, Adi finds an orphanage and adopts a girl he names Nidhi.

Back in the present, Adi calls Vijay and Sushma to tell them he is coming back, cryptically stating that he has found Nidhi.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Darling Krishna]] as Aditya "Adi"
* [[Milana Nagaraj]] as Nidhima "Nidhi"
* [[Rachel David]] as Sihi
* [[Amrutha Iyengar]] as Joshitha "Jo" (Cameo appearance)
* Abhilash as Viju
* Kushi Achar as Sushma
* [[Rachana Inder]] as Aditi (Cameo appearance)
* Sushmitha Gowda as Jakana
* Shwetha as Renu
* Ravi Sitararam as Sihi's grandfather
* Shivoo Koteshwar as Psychiatrist
* Giri Shivanna as Police Inspector
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
Darling Krishna announced ''Love Mocktail 2,'' following the success of his 2020 film ''[[Love Mocktail]]''. He completed the script work by June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 June 2020|title=Ready to start shooting for 'Love Mocktail 2', says Krishna|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/jun/02/ready-to-start-shooting-for-love-mocktail-2-says-krishna--2150900.html|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Krishna added a lot of humour to the sequel unlike the original which was an emotional romantic drama.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=22 October 2020|title=Love Mocktail 2 on editing table|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/sandalwood/love-mocktail-2-on-editing-table-652556|website=The Hans India}}</ref> [[Nakul Abhyankar]] was signed as the composer for the sequel, replacing [[Raghu Dixit]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nagaraj|first=Sindhu|date=9 November 2021|title=Nakul Abhyankar on composing for 'Love Mocktail 2'|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/nakul-abhyankar-on-composing-for-love-mocktail-2/article37352919.ece|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Malayalam]] actress [[Rachel David]] was cast in the film, marking her debut in Kannada cinema.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 February 2022|title='Love Mocktail 2, a perfect entry for me in Sandalwood'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/feb/08/love-mocktail-2a-perfect-entry-for-me-in-sandalwood-2416557.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=11 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311044234/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/feb/08/love-mocktail-2a-perfect-entry-for-me-in-sandalwood-2416557.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Filming took place between August 2020 and 2021. The first schedule of the film was shot in August 2020 in [[Bangalore]] with minimum crew, and Krishna intended to wrap up the entire shoot by December.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 August 2020|title=I want to complete shoot for Love Mocktail 2 by December: Krishna|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/aug/17/i-want-to-complete-shoot-for-love-mocktail-2-by-december-krishna-19824.html|website=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216135213/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/aug/17/i-want-to-complete-shoot-for-love-mocktail-2-by-december-krishna-19824.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Around 60% of the film was shot by October 2020, and the team began editing the filmed portions.<ref name=":0" />

Krishna and Milana took a break from shoot following their wedding in February 2021 and the film was delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishna: Love Mocktail has allowed me to win many hearts|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2021/jun/11/krishna-love-mocktail-has-allowed-me-to-win-many-hearts-24961.html|access-date=11 June 2021|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=11 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The production was resumed in June 2021 in [[Ladakh]] where a montage was shot, and returned to Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2021|title=Krishna resumes shooting for Love Mocktail 2|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/jun/26/krishna-resumes-shooting-for-love-mocktail-2-2321509.html|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The filming was completed by August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2021|title=Darling Krishna and Co. wrap up 'Love Mocktail 2'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/darling-krishna-and-co-wrap-up-love-mocktail-2/articleshow/85173516.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Music ==
The soundtrack album consists of six singles composed by [[Nakul Abhyankar]] with lyrics written by Raghavendra Kamat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Love Mocktail 2 by Nakul Abhyankar|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/love-mocktail-2/ZuGUS0wvYUc_|website=[[JioSaavn]]|date=14 February 2022}}</ref>
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| length3 = 3:26
| extra6 = Nakul Abhyankar
| title6 = Neenallave
| length5 = 3:43
| extra5 = Nakul Abhyankar, Rakshita Suresh
| title5 = O Nidhima
| length4 = 4:42
| extra4 = [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Rakshita Suresh]]
| title4 = Sanchariyagu Nee
| extra3 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| total_length = 24:31
| title3 = Ide Swarga
| length2 = 5:17
| extra2 = Ramya Bhat Abhayankar
| title2 = Ee Prema
| length1 = 4:46
| extra1 = [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
| title1 = Ninadene Januma
| headline = Love Mocktail 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| length6 = 2:37
}}

== Release ==
In December 2021, ''Love Mocktail 2'' was confirmed to release on 11 February 2022. Though the final copy of the film was ready by October 2021, Krishna and Milana preferred a February release to coincide with the [[Valentine's Day]] weekend.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 December 2021|title=Team 'Love Mocktail 2' sets up a valentine's date with fans|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/team-love-mocktail-2-sets-up-a-valentines-date-with-fans/articleshow/88385679.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> [[KRG Studios]] has acquired the distribution rights of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 February 2022|title='Love Mocktail 2 is best experienced as an individual film'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/feb/10/love-mocktail-2is-best-experienced-as-an-individual-film-2417474.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216135211/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/feb/10/love-mocktail-2is-best-experienced-as-an-individual-film-2417474.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
The film received overall positive reviews. Reviewing the film for ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', A. Sharadhaa called ''Love Mocktail 2'' a "perfect blend of love and laughter." On performances, she wrote, "Krishna effortlessly continues from where he left off in Love Mocktail, and the other actors too chip in with effective performances," particularly noting Abhilash, Sushmitha, and Sushma for their humour.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title='Love Mocktail 2' Review: Krishna delivers a perfect blend of love and laughter|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/feb/12/love-mocktail-2-review-krishnadelivers-a-perfect-blend-oflove-and-laughter-2418320.html|access-date=|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=13 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213064245/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/feb/12/love-mocktail-2-review-krishnadelivers-a-perfect-blend-oflove-and-laughter-2418320.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]''{{'s}} Vivek M V said: "The magic is still intact," and called Nidhi as the soul of the franchise. "The humour finds purpose and the drama gets engaging and even delightfully mature. Krishna's lazy elegance and brooding expressions along with Nakul Abhayankar's music complement the film's poignant mood," he added.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title='Love Mocktail 2' review: The magic is still intact|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/love-mocktail-2-review-the-magic-is-still-intact-1080423.html|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'', stated it was "a heart-warming journey, filled with loads of laughter." While appreciating the film for the most part, she said that the latter half, mainly the lead-up to the climax, was underwhelming.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title=Love Mocktail 2 Movie Review : A heart-warming journey, filled with loads of laughter|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/love-mocktail-2/movie-review/89495305.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Prathibha Joy of [[HT Media|''OTT Play'']] gave a mixed review for the film. While Joy praised the characters and former half, she felt that the humour was forced at times.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title=Love Mocktail 2 review: Darling Krishna's Adi is on a quest to find Nidhi|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/love-mocktail-2-review-darling-krishnas-adi-is-on-a-quest-to-find-nidhi/4178d72a9457|access-date=|website=OTTPlay}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The first day net collection of ''Love Mocktail 2'' was estimated to be ₹ 1.45 crore. In its first week, the film collected ₹ 10.94 crore.<ref name="LMBOXOFFICE" /> The total collection of the film was estimate ₹ 21 crore, making it the [[List of Kannada films of 2022#Box office collection|eight highest grossing Kannada film]] of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/Dec/30/magical-year-for-kannada-cinema-the-rise-and-rise-of-sandalwood--2533142.html |title=Magical year for Kannada cinema: The rise and rise of Sandalwood |website=The New Indian Express |date=6 December 2022 |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107132506/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/dec/30/magical-year-for-kannada-cinema-the-rise-and-rise-of-sandalwood--2533142.amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="8"|2023
| rowspan="4"|[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film – Kannada]]
| Krishna Talkies
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=2023-08-02 |title=SIIMA 2023 nomination out. 'PS 1', 'RRR', 'KGF 2' and 'Kantara' bag top spots |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2023-nomination-list-out-ps-1-rrr-kantara-bag-top-spots-2415011-2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805103403/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2023-nomination-list-out-ps-1-rrr-kantara-bag-top-spots-2415011-2023-08-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director – Kannada]]
| [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Krishna]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director – Kannada|Best Music Director – Kannada]]
| [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada|Best Lyricist – Kannada]]
| Raghavendra Kamath (for "Ide Swarga")
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4"|[[Kannada cinema#State Recognition|4th Chandanavana Film Critics Academy Awards]]
| Best Debut Actress
| [[Rachel David]]
| {{nom}}
|rowspan="4"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/chandanavana-film-critics-academy-awards-2023-winner-list-121100/amp|title= CFC Academy Awards 2023 : ಚಂದನವನ ಫಿಲ್ಮ್ ಕ್ರಿಟಿಕ್ಸ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ.. ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ನಟ ರಿಷಬ್, ನಟಿ ಶರ್ಮಿಳಾ|date=6 March 2023|work=Zee News Kannada|access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
| Best Screenplay
| [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Krishna]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Lyrics
| Raghavendra Kamat (for "Sanchariyagu Nee")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Sri Crazy Mindz
| {{nom}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|18184012}}

[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Film productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]

India Taekwondo

2026-03-23T12:23:25Z

Akash Arora: Made basic details needs work

{{Short description|National governing body for Taekwondo Sport in India}}
{{Infobox sport governing body
| name = India Taekwondo
| abbrev = IT
| logo = India Taekwondo.png
| sport = [[Taekwondo]]
|caption =
| category =
| jurisdiction = [[India]]
| membership = State and UT associations<ref>{{cite web |title=List of TKD State Associations |url=http://www.taekwondofederationofindia.com/tkd_association.php |website=Taekwondo Federation of India |access-date=22 July 2018}}</ref>
| founded =
| aff = [[World Taekwondo]]
| affdate = 1979<ref name="World Taekwondo"/>
| region = [[Asian Taekwondo Union]]
| regionyear = 1982<ref name="About TFI"/>
| headquarters = 403 Timmy Arcade Makwana Road, near Marol Naka Metro Station, Marol Andheri, East Mumbai <ref name="World Taekwondo"/>
| president = Namdev Shirgaonkar<ref name="World Taekwondo"/>
| secretary = Amit Dhamal <ref name="World Taekwondo"/>
| coach =
| key staff =
| replaced = Taekwondo Federation of India
| operating income =
| url = http://www.indiataekwondo.com
| countryflag = IND
}}

'''India Taekwondo''' is the national [[sports governing body|governing body]] for [[taekwondo]] in India. It replaced '''Taekwondo Federation of India''' from July 2019. It is affiliated to [[World Taekwondo]] and bears recognition from [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports]].

Due to ongoing disputes among the office bearers of the previous governing body of erstwhile Taekwondo Federation of India, the [[Indian Olympic Association]] took matters into its own hands and formed an ad hoc committee for taekwondo federation of India in its Annual General Body Meeting 2019, to provide relief to affected Taekwondo athletes nationwide. The ad hoc committee was tasked to create a new legal entity to replace the then existing Taekwondo Federation of India within 6 Months of its constitution. The same ad hoc committee emerged as "India Taekwondo" and submitted its stand to the World Taekwondo & Indian Olympic Association. This decision was welcomed and accepted by the [[World Taekwondo|WT]] President in an email dated 9 July 2019, however the decision of the [[Indian Olympic Association]] is not yet clear on the matter.

Even after clear stand of [[World Taekwondo]] regarding India Taekwondo being the only national sport federation for [[Taekwondo in India]], a faction led by officials of dis-affiliated & de-recognized Taekwondo Federation of India without providing the factual information and stand of [[World Taekwondo]], pleaded to permit themselves to conduct the elections for their society as per Indian Societies Act 1860 to the Delhi High Court'''.''' The Apex court considered the plea & passed an order for conduction of elections & appointed Court Commissioner cum Returning Officer for the same.

After the completion of elections on 14 Nov 2022, TFI with new office bearers has tried to claim its status as the national sports federation, however the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Government of India]] recognizes only INDIA TAEKWONDO as the National Sports Federation.

[[Jimmy R. Jagtiani]] is the founder and father of taekwondo in India. Jagtiani, who was born in Vietnam in 1955, had emigrated to India [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh with his family to escape the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fatherland of Taekwondo ready to invest in Indian talent|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Fatherland-of-Taekwondo-ready-to-invest-in-Indian-talent/articleshow/12216171.cms |website=The Times of India |date=11 March 2012 |access-date=22 July 2018}}</ref> He founded the Taekwondo Federation of India on 2 August 1976, and is regarded as the father of taekwondo in India. The federation marked its first anniversary in 1977 with a demonstration of high power taekwondo techniques at the [[K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow|K.D. Singh Babu Indoor Stadium]] in Lucknow.<ref name="About TFI">{{cite web |title=About TFI |url=http://www.taekwondofederationofindia.com/about_tfi.php |website=Taekwondo Federation of India |access-date=22 July 2018}}</ref> The TFI received affiliation from the [[World Taekwondo|World Taekwondo Federation]] (WTF) in 1979,<ref name="World Taekwondo">{{cite web |title=India |url=http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/about-wt/members/mna/?member_id=4133 |website=World Taekwondo |access-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114120250/http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/about-wt/members/mna/?member_id=4133|archive-date=14 Nov 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Asian Taekwondo Union]] (ATU) in 1982, the [[Indian Olympic Association]] (IOA) in 1985, and the South Asian Taekwondo Federation (SATF) in 1994.<ref name="About TFI" />

Taekwondo was included as a discipline for the first at the 1985 [[National Games of India|National Games]] in [[New Delhi]]. The TFI organized a special taekwondo demonstration by Korean ''Taekwondo Practitioners'' for then Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] at the Prime Minister's residence on 17 March 1986. Gandhi was impressed by the demonstration and agreed to "extend all possible help" to the TFI. The Union [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] officially recognized the TFI as the national governing body for taekwondo in 1988.<ref name="About TFI"/>

The TFI granted affiliation to the [[Services Sports Control Board]] in 1990, the Taekwondo Academy of India in 1990, Army Sports Control Board (ASCB) in 1992, and the [[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF) in 1995. Numerous state/UT taekwondo boards are also affiliated to the TFI.<ref name="About TFI"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{National members of World Taekwondo}}
{{Sports governing bodies in India}}

[[Category:Taekwondo organizations]]
[[Category:Sports governing bodies in India|Taekwondo]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1976]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in India]]

List of Kolkata Presidencians

2026-03-23T06:00:55Z

Akash Arora: improved article

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The following is a list of notable people associated with the old [[Presidency College, Calcutta]].

==Academics==
* [[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)]], professor of [[anthropology]] at Columbia University
* [[Abhijit Banerjee]], professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2019
* [[Abhijit Basu]], professor of [[geology]], Indiana University Bloomington
* [[Joyoti Basu]], cell biologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref name="Indian fellow - Joyoti Basu">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/P09-1475 |title=Indian fellow – Joyoti Basu |date=2017-12-06 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=2017-12-06}}</ref>
* [[Ratan Lal Basu]], Specialist in ancient economics and Indologist
* [[Birendra Bijoy Biswas]], Botanist and molecular biologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
* [[Barun De]], Former Chairman, West Bengal Heritage Commission and Founder-Director, [[Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta]].<ref name=wbhc>[http://rajsaday.com/?p=1958 Lives Less Forgotten: Barun De]</ref>
* [[Jitendra Nath Mohanty]], philosopher, former president of the Indian Philosophical Congress
* [[Sankar Das Sarma]], eminent theoretical condensed matter physicist and Richard E Prange Chaired Professor at [[University of Maryland]], US<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131216/jsp/calcutta/story_17684419.jsp |title=Prod to be the best |website=www.telegraphindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703022616/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131216/jsp/calcutta/story_17684419.jsp |archive-date=2015-07-03}}</ref>
* [[Amartya Sen]], Master, Trinity College, Cambridge (1998–2004); winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, 1998<ref name=amartyaseninencyclopaediabritannica>
[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9126420/Amartya-Sen/ Encyclopædia Britannica Online: Amartya Sen]</ref>
* [[Ashoke Sen]], professor at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS), Bangalore, winner of [[Dirac Medal (ICTP)|Dirac Medal]] in 2014
*[[Surajit Chandra Sinha]], former Vice Chancellor, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan; Maharajkumar of Susanga, Bengal<ref name="indianprincelystates:susanga">[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/s/susanga.html Indian Princely States: Susanga]</ref>
*[[Sourindra Mohan Sircar]], one of the greatest [[botanist]] of India. Was appointed the General President of [[Indian Science Congress Association|ISCA]]
* [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]], scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic, holder of [[University Professor]] at Columbia University
* [[Kshirode Prasad Vidyavinode]], [[Bengal]]i poet, novelist, dramatist and nationalist and a professor of [[Chemistry]] at Chandernagore Dupleix College and later at Scottish Church College.
*[[Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya]], modern [[India]]n philosopher renowned for his method of [[constructive interpretation]], a scholarly approach employed to elucidate and elaborate upon the interrelationships and intricacies inherent in ancient Indian philosophy.
*[[Nabaneeta Dev Sen]], [[Bengal]]i author, academic, professor of [[Comparative Literature]] at [[Jadavpur University]].
*[[Amar Nath Bhaduri]], an Indian molecular [[enzymologist]] and [[chemical biologist]], known for his studies on [[UDP-glucose 4-epimerase]], a homodimeric epimerase found in cells and his work on [[Leishmania donovani]], the [[protozoal]] [[pathogen]] for [[Kala-azar]].
*[[Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri]], [[India]]n [[physicist]], known for his research in [[general relativity]] and [[cosmology]].
*[[Dipesh Chakrabarty]], [[historian]] and leading scholar of [[postcolonial theory]] and [[subaltern studies]].
*[[Gautam Bhadra]], [[historian]] of [[South Asia]] and was a member of the erstwhile [[Subaltern Studies collective]].
*[[Ranajit Guha]], a prominent [[India]]n [[historian]] and a seminal figure among the early architects of the [[Subaltern Studies collective]].
*[[Sudipta Kaviraj]], distinguished scholar specializing in the domains of [[South Asian]] Politics and [[Intellectual]] [[History]], frequently aligned with the disciplines of [[Postcolonial]] and [[Subaltern Studies]].
*[[Parama Nath Bhaduri]], renowned [[agricultural scientist]].
*[[Sekhar Bandyopadhyay]], [[historian]] and a Fellow of the [[Royal Society Te Apārangi]], known for his research on the [[Dalit]] caste of [[Bengal]].
*[[Susobhan Sarkar]], renowned Indian historian.
*[[Sumit Sarkar]], [[historian]] of [[Modern India]] and a founding member of the [[Subaltern Studies Group]] as well as one of its most important critics.
*[[Tanika Sarkar]], historian of modern India based at the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]. Sarkar's work focuses on the intersections of religion, gender, and politics in both [[colony|colonial]] and [[postcolonial]] [[South Asia]], in particular on women and the [[Hindu Right]].
*[[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri]], historian, known for his studies on [[ancient India]].
*[[Tapan Raychaudhuri]], British-Indian historian specialising in [[British Indian history]], [[Indian economic history]] and the [[History of Bengal]].
*[[Rajat Kanta Ray]], Indian historian of South Asian history, specialising in [[Modern Indian history]].
*[[Ashin Das Gupta]], renowned historian of [[Indian Ocean World]].
*[[Dwijendra Narayan Jha]], [[Marxist]] historian who studied and wrote on ancient and medieval India.
*[[Amiya Kumar Bagchi]], [[India]]n [[economic historian]].
*[[Jasodhara Bagchi]], leading Indian feminist professor, author, critic and activist.
*[[Sugata Bose]], historian and politician who has taught and worked in the United States since the mid-1980s. His fields of study are [[South Asian]] and [[Indian Ocean history]].
*[[Samik Bandyopadhyay]], Kolkata-based critic of Indian art, theatre and film.
*[[Krishna Bose]], Indian politician, educator, author and social worker.
*[[Jnan Chandra Ghosh]], Indian chemist best known for his contribution to the development of scientific research, industrial development and technology education in India. He served as the director of the newly formed [[Eastern Higher Technical Institute]] in 1950, which was renamed as [[IIT Kharagpur]] in 1951. He was also the director of the [[Indian Institute of Science]] [[Bangalore]] and Vice Chancellor of the [[University of Calcutta]].
*[[Nirmal Kumar Bose]], Indian anthropologist, who played a formative role in "building an Indian Tradition in Anthropology".
*[[Kaliprasanna Vidyaratna]], Indian scholar of Sanskrit, academic and author. He was the principal of the Sanskrit College between 1908 and 1910.
*[[Sukhamoy Chakraborty]], Indian economist and one of the key architects of the Five Year Plans.
*[[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis]], Indian scientist and statistician. He is best remembered for the [[Mahalanobis distance]], a statistical measure, and for being one of the members of the [[first Planning Commission of free India]]. He made pioneering studies in [[anthropometry]] in India.
*[[The Hon'ble]] Babu [[Mahendranath Ray|Mahendranath Ray, CIE]],, one of the earliest faculties of the [[Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science]], one of the founders of [[Asutosh College]] and the first elected Indian members of the Senate of the [[University of Calcutta]].
*[[Satyendra Nath Bose]], Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics, and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate.
*[[Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose]], polymath with interests in biology, physics and writing science fiction. He was a pioneer in the investigation of radio microwave optics, made significant contributions to botany, and was a major force behind the expansion of experimental science on the Indian subcontinent.
*[[Rai Bahadur]] Sir [[Upendranath Brahmachari]], prominent Indian physician and scientist.
*[[Sir Jadunath Sarkar]], prominent Indian historian and a specialist on the [[Mughal dynasty]].
*[[Hara Prasad Shastri]], Indian academic, [[Sanskrit]] scholar, [[archivist]], and historian of [[Bengali literature]]. He is most known for discovering the [[Charyapada]], the earliest known examples of Bengali literature.
*[[Hem Chandra Dasgupta]], Indian [[geologist]] and a professor of geology at [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]] and [[Calcutta University]].
*[[Romesh Chunder Dutt]], Indian civil servant, economic historian, translator of [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]].
*[[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]], Indian linguist, educationist and litterateur.
*[[Mahendralal Sarkar]], Bengali medical doctor (MD), the second MD graduated from the [[Calcutta Medical College, social reformer]], and propagator of scientific studies in nineteenth-century India.
*[[Muhammad Shahidullah]], [[Bengali people|Bengali]] linguist, philologist, educationist, and writer.
*[[Mihir Rakshit]], Indian economist, known for his work on fiscal, monetary and other policy, especially issues that concern developing economies.
*[[Dipak Banerjee]], Indian economist and taught at Presidency College, eventually becoming the head of the [[Economics]] Department.
*[[Debraj Ray (economist)|Debraj Ray]], Indian-American economist, who is currently teaching and working at [[New York University]]. His research interests focus on [[development economics]] and [[game theory]].
*[[Amita Chatterjee]], [[philosopher of science]] and [[logician]], first vice-chancellor of [[Presidency University Kolkata]].
*[[Malabika Sarkar]], Indian academic, former Vice-Chancellor of [[Ashoka University]], and a former Vice Chancellor of Presidency University, Kolkata.
*[[Somak Raychaudhury]], Indian [[astrophysicist]].
*[[Sivatosh Mookerjee]], researcher and a scientist contributing to the field of [[Developmental Biology]], particularly studies related to [[Hydra (genus)|Hydra]] and [[amphibian embryos]].
*[[Benimadhab Barua]], Indian scholar of [[ancient Indian languages]], [[Buddhism]] and [[law]].
*[[Atindra Mohan Goon]], renowned statistician and later joined the Statics department and had strongly pleaded for the autonomy of Presidency College in the early 1980s.
*[[Prafulla Chandra Ray]], Indian chemist, educationist, historian, industrialist and philanthropist.
*[[Rajnarayan Basu]], Indian writer and intellectual of the [[Bengal Renaissance]].
*[[Sisir Kumar Mitra]], Indian [[physicist]].
*[[Meghnad Saha]], Indian [[astrophysicist]] and politician who helped devise the theory of [[thermal ionisation]].
*[[Peary Chand Mitra]], Indian writer, journalist, cultural activist and entrepreneur.
*[[Peary Charan Sarkar]], educationist and textbook writer in nineteenth century Bengal.
*[[Sukanta Chaudhuri]], Indian literary scholar, now Professor Emeritus at [[Jadavpur University]], Kolkata.
*[[Bhabatosh Datta]], noted Indian economist, academic and writer.
*[[Supriya Chaudhuri]], Indian scholar of English literature and Professor Emerita at [[Kolkata's]] [[Jadavpur University]].
*Subhoranjan Dasgupta, specialising in the Partitition of 1947, Neo-Marxian aesthetics and creativity of Gunter Grass and Akhtaruzzaman Elias, also professor of human sciences, [[Institute of Development Studies, Kolkata]].
*[[Rudrangshu Mukherjee]], historian of Modern India,former Opinions Editor for The [[Telegraph]] newspaper, Kolkata and the Chancellor for Ashoka University, where he also serves as Professor of History.
*[[Sobhanlal Datta Gupta]], former Surendra Nath Banerjee Professor of [[Political Science]] at the [[University of Calcutta]], and one of the most distinguished scholars of [[Marxism]] in [[India]].
*[[Anuradha Roy (novelist)|Anuradha Roy]], historian of intellectual and cultural history of modern Bengal.
*[[Supratim Das]], historian and Vice Principal of [[Scottish Church College]].
*[[Boria Majumdar]], Indian sports journalist, sports historian and writer.
*[[Subhas Ranjan Chakraborty]], Professor of European history at Presidency College and has written on the history of Modern Europe, Darjeeling, and on sports history in South Asia.
*[[Tapati Guha-Thakurta]], Indian historian who has written about the cultural history and art of India.

==Actors and Film Makers==
* [[Ashok Kumar]], Actor
* [[Chhabi Biswas]], Actor
* [[Dhritiman Chatterjee]], Actor
* [[Ritwik Ghatak]], Film Maker
* [[Pritish Nandy]], Film Maker
* [[Pramathesh Barua]], Actor and Film Maker
* [[Satyajit Ray]], Film Maker
* [[Bikash Roy]], Actor
* [[Aparna Sen]], Actor, Film Maker
* [[Srijit Mukherji]], Film Maker

==Administration==
* [[Gurusaday Dutt]], ICS, Secretary, Local Self Government and Public Health Secretary, Government of Bengal<ref name=icsexe>[http://rajsaday.com/?p=86 Lives Less Forgotten: Gurusaday Dutt]</ref>
* [[Mahendranath Roy]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]], lawyer, educationist, politician, first elected chairperson of the [[Howrah Municipal Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=The dirtiest since 1889 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/the-dirtiest-since-1889/cid/247307 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218063516/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/the-dirtiest-since-1889/cid/247307 |archive-date=2024-12-18 |access-date=2025-06-08 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Satyendranath Tagore]], Indian civil servant, poet, composer, writer, social reformer and linguist from Calcutta, Bengal. He was the first Indian who became an Indian Civil Service officer in 1863.
*[[Romesh Chunder Dutt]], Indian civil servant, economic historian.
*[[Bimal Jalan]], [[Indian people|Indian]] [[economist]] and [[bureaucrat]] who served as 20th [[Governor of Reserve Bank of India]].

==Social Reformers==
*[[Ramgopal Ghosh]], leader of the [[Young Bengal]] Group, a successful businessman, orator and social reformer. He is called the 'Demosthenes of India'.
*[[Raja Ram Mohan Roy]],Indian reformer,writer and one of the founders of the [[Hindu School, Kolkata|Hindu College]].
*[[Mathurmohan Biswas|Babu Mathurmohan Biswas]], Indian [[Zamindar]], businessman, philanthropist and the son-in-law of [[Rani Rashmoni]], he was one of the chief disciples of [[Shri Ramakrishna]] and his patron, he was instrumental in the founding of the [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]], he was also responsible for founding the [[Annapurna Temple, Titagarh|Annapurna Temple]] at [[Titagarh]].
*[[Radhakanta Deb]], a scholar,leader of the Calcutta conservative Hindu society and one of the founders of the [[Hindu School, Kolkata|Hindu College]].
*[[David Hare (philanthropist)|David Hare]], Scottish watchmaker, philanthropist, and educationist in Bengal. He founded many educational institutions in [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]]), such as the [[Hindu School]], and [[Hare School]] and helped in founding [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]].
*[[Henry Louis Vivian Derozio]],a radical thinker of his time and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal.
*[[Mahendralal Sarkar]], Bengali medical doctor (MD), the second MD graduated from the Calcutta Medical College, social reformer, and propagator of scientific studies in nineteenth-century India. He was the founder of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.

==Businessmen and Industrialists==
*[[Subodh Chandra Mallik]], Bengali Indian industrialist, philanthropist and nationalist. Mallik is noted as a nationalist intellectual who was one of the co-founders of the [[Bengal National College]], of which he was the principal financial supporter. He was close to [[Aurobindo Ghosh]] and financed the latter's nationalist publications, including [[Bande Mataram]].
*[[Basant Kumar Birla]], Indian industrialist and philanthropist of the [[Birla family]].
*[[Ramnath Goenka]], Indian newspaper publisher. He bought the majority stake of [[The Indian Express]] in 1930s.
*[[Gagan Chandra Biswas]], industrialist and landlord, one of the longest serving members of the [[Bengal Legislative Council]], Co-founder of [[Martin Burn]].

==Faculty Members==
* [[Dipak Banerjee]], former Head of the Department of Economics of Presidency College, Kolkata<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/teachers-do-not-die-dipak-banerjee-1930-2007/cid/1027696 Bio]</ref>
*[[Henry Louis Vivian Derozio]], radical thinker of his time and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal.
*[[Charles Henry Tawney]], English educator and scholar, primarily known for his translations of Sanskrit classics into English.

==Judiciary & Law==
* [[Sir]] [[Sarat Kumar Ghosh]], I.C.S, Chief Justice of Jaipur and Kashmir.<ref name=icsjud>[http://rajsaday.com/?p=2074 Lives Less Forgotten: Sir Sarat Kumar Ghosh]</ref>
* [[Gooroodas Banerjee]], a judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]] in [[British India]]. In 1890, he also became the first Indian Vice-Chancellor of [[University of Calcutta]].
* [[Altamas Kabir]], Indian lawyer and judge who served as the 39th [[Chief Justice of India]].
* [[Sarat Chandra Bose]], Indian barrister and independence activist.
* [[Chittaranjan Das]], popularly called Deshbandhu (friend of the country), was an Indian freedom fighter, political activist and lawyer during the Indian Independence Movement and the political guru of Indian freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. He was the founder-leader of the Swaraj Party in undivided Bengal during the period of British Colonial rule in India. His name is abbreviated as C. R. Das.
* [[Subimal Chandra Roy]], Indian jurist who served on the [[Supreme Court of India]].
* [[Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem]], [[Bangladeshi]] jurist, statesman, [[Chief Justice of Bangladesh]] from 1972 to 1975 and the [[President of Bangladesh]] from 1975 to 1977.
* [[Gnanendramohan Tagore]], first [[Bengal]]i, [[India]]n or [[Asia]]n to be called to the [[bar (law)|bar]] in [[England]], in 1862.
* [[Radhabinod Pal]], Indian jurist who was a member of the [[United Nations' International Law Commission]] from 1952 to 1966.

==Politicians and Independence Activists==
* [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], Freedom Fighter, Commander of INA, First Leader of Free Indian Territory, Mayor of Calcutta; 53rd President of the Indian National Congress; founder of the [[All India Forward Bloc]];<ref name=subhaschandraboseinencyclopaediabritannica>; President, Indian National Congress- 1938, 1939 (resigned), founded the Indian National Army (The Azad Hind Fauz); revered across the nation as 'Netaji' ([http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9080806/Subhas-Chandra-Bose/ Encyclopædia Britannica Online: * * Subhas Chandra Bose])</ref>
* [[Rajendra Prasad]], Indian politician, lawyer, journalist and scholar who served as the first [[president of India]] from 1950 to 1962.
* [[Syama Prasad Mukherjee]], founder of [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]; Industry and Supply Member, [[Government of India]] (1946–50)
* [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]], 2nd [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] (1948–1962); 5th Mayor of Kolkata (1931–1933)
* [[Ajoy Mukherjee]], 4th [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] (1 March 1967 – 21 November 1967)<ref>Arild Engelsen Ruud: “Land and Power: The Marxist Conquest of Rural Bengal”; Modern Asian Studies; Vol. 28, No. 2 (May, 1994), pp. 357–380; Cambridge University Press</ref>
* [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]], 5th Chief Minister of West Bengal (1972–77); Education Minister, Government of India; Governor of Punjab; Ambassador to U.S.A.
* [[Jyoti Basu]], 6th [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] (1977–2000)
* [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]], 7th [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] (2000–2011)
* [[Mahendranath Roy]], lawyer, politician and the first elected chairperson of the [[Howrah Municipal Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=The dirtiest since 1889 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/the-dirtiest-since-1889/cid/247307 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218063516/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/the-dirtiest-since-1889/cid/247307 |archive-date=2024-12-18 |access-date=2025-06-08 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ashim Chatterjee]], Communist Revolutionary<ref>অসীম চট্টোপাধ্যায় (Asim Chattopadhyay) (2022): নকশালবাড়ি নামা (Nakshalbari Nama), Ananda Publishers, Kolkata</ref>
* [[Bishnu Ram Medhi]], 2nd [[Chief Minister of Assam]] (1950–57)<ref name=assamlegislativeassembly>[http://assamassembly.gov.in/cm-list.html Assam Legislative Assembly]</ref><ref>[http://www.tripurainfo.com/citizen_services/helping_bytes/april_born.html Eminent Personalities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210082337/http://www.tripurainfo.com/citizen_services/helping_bytes/april_born.html |date=10 December 2008 }}</ref>
* [[MJ Akbar]], Minister of State for External Affairs, Government of India (2016–2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/ministers.htm|title = MEA | About MEA : Organization Structure : Ministers | work=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India }}</ref>
* [[Abdus Salam Khan]], Minister of Public Works and Communication (1955–1956) in the East Pakistan provincial cabinet<ref>{{cite book |last=Karim |first=ASM Enayet |year=2012 |chapter=Khan, Abdus Salam |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan,_Abdus_Salam |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>
*[[Md. Hafizur Rahman]], Minister of Food and Agriculture of Pakistan (1958–1960); Minister of Commerce of Pakistan (1960–1962); Provincial Minister of Finance and Planning of East Pakistan (1962–1965)
* [[Amit Mitra]], Finance Minister of West Bengal (2011–21)
* [[Gagan Chandra Biswas]], industrialist and landlord, one of the longest serving members of the [[Bengal Legislative Council]]
* [[Maharajadhiraja]] [[Sir]] [[Uday Chand Mahtab]], Member of the Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937–52), Member, Indian Constituent Assembly, 1946–47 & Maharajadhiraja Bahadur of Burdwan.<ref name="burdwan">[http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/burdwan.html Indian Princely States: Burdwan]</ref>
* [[Colonel]] [[Highness|H.H.]] [[Maharaja]] [[Nripendra Narayan|Nripendra Narayan Bhup Bahadur]] of Coochbehar<ref name=coochbehar>[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/c/coochbehar.html Indian Princely States: Coochbehar]</ref>
*[[Raja Bahadur|Raja]] [[Narasingha Malla Deb]], [[OBE]], [[Member of Parliament|MP]], of Jhargram Raj
*[[Kalyan Roy]] – former member of the [[Rajya Sabha|upper house of the Parliament of India]]
*[[Shamsuddin Ahmed (Pakistani politician)|Shamsuddin Ahmed]] – Minister of pre-1947 Bengal and first Pakistani ambassador to Burma.
*[[Ullaskar Dutta]],Indian revolutionary associated with [[Anushilan Samiti]] and [[Jugantar of Bengal]], and was a close associate of [[Barindra Ghosh]].
*[[Romesh Chunder Dutt]], Indian civil servant, economic historian, translator of [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]] and the president of [[Indian National Congress]] in 1899 and a member of the Bengal Legislative Council.
*[[Mohammad Ali Bogra]], Pakistani politician and diplomat who served as the third [[prime minister of Pakistan]] from 1953 to 1955.
*[[Humayun Kabir (Bengal politician)]], Indian educationist and politician. He was also a poet, essayist and novelist in the [[Bengali-language]].
*[[Kiran Shankar Roy]], Indian politician, academic, and freedom fighter.
*[[Asim Dasgupta]], Indian economist and politician affiliated to [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]and Minister of Finance and Excise in the Left Front ministry in the Indian state of West Bengal (1987-2011).
*[[Somnath Chatterjee]], Indian politician who was associated with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] (House of the People) from 2004 to 2009.
*[[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]], the first [[Premier of West Bengal, India]] from 15 August 1947 to 14 August 1948 and served as the [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] in the "Progressive Democratic Alliance Front" government from 21 November 1967 to 20 February 1968.
*[[Pratap Chandra Chunder]], union minister of India, educationist and writer.
* [[Basanta Kumar Das (Indian politician)|Basanta Kumar Das]], Independence activist, politician, one of the drafters of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhowmik |first=Arindam |title=বসন্তকুমার ও সতীশচন্দ্র: অপূর্ব মেলবন্ধন {{!}} Satish Chandra Samanta & Basanta Kumar Das: Tale of two friends |url=https://www.midnapore.in/article/Freedomfighter_Satishchandrasamanta_Basantakumardas.html |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.midnapore.in |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Munawwar Ali]], lawyer, poet and politician who was minister of Assam and first speaker of the [[East Bengal Legislative Assembly]].

==Religious leader==
* [[Swami Vivekananda]], the great Nationalist [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Hindu]] [[monk]], a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian teacher [[Ramakrishna]], key figure in the introduction of the Indian philosophies of [[Vedanta]] and [[Yoga]] to the Western world and is credited with raising [[Interfaith dialogue|interfaith]] awareness, bringing [[Hinduism]] to the status of a major world religion during the late 19th century and founded the [[Ramakrishna Math]] and the [[Ramakrishna Mission]].
* [[Mathurmohan Biswas|Babu Mathurmohan Biswas]], Indian [[Zamindar]], businessman, philanthropist and the son-in-law of [[Rani Rashmoni]], he was one of the chief disciples of [[Ramakrishna|Shri Ramakrishna]] and his patron, he was instrumental in the founding of the [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]], he was also responsible for founding the [[Annapurna Temple, Titagarh|Annapurna Temple]] at [[Titagarh]].
*[[Mahendranath Gupta]], disciple of [[Ramakrishna]] and a mystic himself.

==Sports==
* [[Vece Paes]], Indian Hockey Player, studied Pre-Medical at Presidency College, Calcutta during 1964–65
* [[Abbas Mirza (footballer)|Abbas Mirza]], Football Player, Captain of [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Kolkata Mohammedan]] during 1935–39

==Writers==
* [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]],Indian Bengali novelist, poet, essayist.
* [[Jyotirindranath Tagore]], Bengali playwright, musician, editor, and painter.
* [[Rabindranath Tagore]], Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter of the Bengal Renaissance. He attended classes at Presidency College for a single day.
* [[Manik Bandyopadhyay]], author regarded as one of the major figures of 20th century Bengali literature.
* [[Rajshekhar Basu]], Bengali chemist, author and lexicographer. He was chiefly known for his comic and satirical short stories, and is considered the greatest Bengali humorist of the 20th century.
* [[Ratan Lal Basu]], economist and English fiction author.
* [[Shakti Chattopadhyay]], poet and writer who wrote in Bengali, known for his realistic depictions of rural life. He was a green poet, many of his poems raised the issue of nature in crisis.
* [[Henry Louis Vivan Derozio]], poet<ref name="Broadview">{{Cite book |title=The Broadview anthology of British literature |date=4 December 2014 |isbn=978-1-55481-202-8 |editor-last=Black |editor-first=Joseph |edition=Third |location=Peterborough, Ontario, Canada |chapter=Henry Louis Vivian Derozio |oclc=894141161 |editor-last2=Conolly |editor-first2=Leonard |editor-last3=Flint |editor-first3=Kate |editor-last4=Grundy |editor-first4=Isobel |editor-last5=Lepan |editor-first5=Don |editor-last6=Liuzza |editor-first6=Roy |editor-last7=McGann |editor-first7=Jerome J. |editor-last8=Prescott |editor-first8=Anne Lake |editor-last9=Qualls |editor-first9=Barry V. |editor-last10=Waters |editor-first10=Claire}}</ref>
* [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]], Poet, Dramatist
* [[Sankha Ghosh]], Indian poet and literary critic.
* [[Binoy Majumdar]], Bengali poet who received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2005.
* [[Pritish Nandy]], Indian poet, painter, journalist, politician, media and television personality, animal activist and maker of films, television and streaming content.
* [[Satyajit Ray]], Fiction Author and fim director.
* [[Bibek Debroy]], Scholar, Translator, Economist
* [[Ketaki Kushari Dyson]], Bengali-born poet, novelist, playwright, translator and critic,diaspora writer and scholar.
* [[Alokeranjan Dasgupta]], Bengali poet who was the author of over 20 books of poetry. He translated Bengali and Santal poetry and plays into English and German, and also translated literature from German and French into Bengali.
* [[Sukumar Ray]], Bengali writer and poet from British India. He is remembered mainly for his writings for children.
* [[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]], Bengali writer, painter and entrepreneur.
* [[Nabaneeta Dev Sen]], Indian writer and academic.
* [[Jibanananda Das]], often called the Rupashi Banglar Kabi (lit. ''Poet of Beautiful Bengal''), he was an Indian poet, writer, novelist and essayist in the Bengali language.
* [[Dinabandhu Mitra]], [[Bengali-language]] writer and dramatist, notable for his play [['Nil Darpan']] based on the atrocities inflicted by the British Indigo planters on the farmers of Bengal.

==Musician==
* [[Pritam]], Music Director

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolkata Presidencians}}
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni| ]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Presidency University, Kolkata| ]]
[[Category:Lists of people by university or college in India]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata|People]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni|*]]
[[Category:Kolkata-related lists|Presidencians]]

Air India

2026-03-22T11:14:05Z

Akash Arora: updated page

{{Short description|Flag carrier of India}}
{{good article}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox airline
| airline = Air India
| logo = Air India 2023.svg
| logo_size = 300px
| image = VT-JRF @ JFK, 2024-11-04.png
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Air India [[Airbus A350-900]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1932|10|15|df=yes}} (as ''Tata Airlines'')
| commenced = {{start date and age|1946|07|29|df=yes}}<ref name="Britannica"/>
| IATA = AI
| ICAO = AIC
| callsign = AIRINDIA<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/7340_2F_Bsc_w_Chgs_1-3_Contractions.pdf|title=7340.2F with Change 1 and Change 2 and Change 3|publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]]|date=15 September 2016|access-date=30 January 2017|pages=3–1–11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203160048/https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/7340_2F_Bsc_w_Chgs_1-3_Contractions.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>
| aoc =
| hubs = [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]]
| secondary_hubs = {{ubl|class=nowrap
| [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]]
| [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]]}}
| focus_cities = {{ubl|class=nowrap
| [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad]]
| [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]]
| [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]]
| [[Cochin International Airport|Kochi]]
| [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]]
| [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport|Thiruvananthapuram]]}}
| frequent_flyer = Maharaja Club
| alliance = [[Star Alliance]]
| fleet_size = [[Air India fleet|189]] (excl. subsidiary)
| destinations = [[List of Air India destinations|87]]
| parent = [[Air India Limited]]
| key_people = {{bulleted list|
| [[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]] ([[Chairman]])
| [[Campbell Wilson]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]] & [[Managing director|MD]])}}
| founder = [[J. R. D. Tata]]
| headquarters = [[Gurugram]], Haryana, India
| subsidiaries = {{ubl|class=nowrap
| [[Air India Express]]}}
| revenue = {{increase}}{{INRConvert|61080|c|lk=r}} (FY 2025)<ref name="Air India 2022">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tata.com/content/dam/tata/pdf/fy25/Tata-Sons-Annual-Report-FY25.pdf|title=Tata Sons FY25 Annual Report}}</ref>
| operating_income =
| profit = {{positive decrease}}{{INRConvert|-3976|c}} (FY 2025)<ref name="Air India 2022"/>
| assets =
| equity =
| website = {{URL|https://www.airindia.com}}
}}

'''Air India''' is the [[flag carrier]] of India, headquartered in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram, Haryana]]. Its primary hub is located at [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] in [[Delhi]], with secondary hubs at [[Kempegowda International Airport]] and [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]]. The airline is owned by [[Air India Limited]], which is owned by the [[Tata Group]] (74.9%) and [[Singapore Airlines]] (25.1%). As of November 2025, the airline serves 87 domestic and international destinations, operating a variety of [[Airbus]] and [[Boeing]] aircraft and is the second-largest airline in India in terms of passengers carried after [[IndiGo]]. Air India became the 27th member of [[Star Alliance]] on 11 July 2014.

Founded in 1932 as Tata Airlines by [[J. R. D. Tata]], Tata himself flew its first single-engine [[de Havilland Puss Moth]], carrying [[air mail]] from [[Jinnah International Airport|Karachi]] to Bombay's [[Juhu aerodrome]] and later continuing to [[Chennai International Airport|Madras]] (currently [[Chennai]]). After World War II, it was [[Nationalization|nationalised]] by the Government of India in 1953 and was renamed ''Air India''.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-58778273 | title=Air India: The iconic maharajah returns home | work=BBC News | date=8 October 2021 | access-date=10 September 2024 | archive-date=10 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910162859/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-58778273 | url-status=live }}</ref> On 21 February 1960, it took delivery of its first [[Boeing 707]] named ''Gauri Shankar'' and became the first Asian airline to induct a jet aircraft in its fleet. In 2000–01, attempts were made to privatise Air India, and from 2006 onwards, it suffered losses after its merger with [[Indian Airlines]]. Another privatisation attempt was launched in 2017, which concluded with ownership of the airline and associated properties returning to the Tata Group after 69 years in 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-is-now-a-tata-property-69-years-after-the-group-ceded-control/articleshow/89153880.cms | title=Air India is now a Tata property, 69 years after the group ceded control | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=27 January 2022 | access-date=10 September 2024 | archive-date=10 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910162859/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-is-now-a-tata-property-69-years-after-the-group-ceded-control/articleshow/89153880.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

Air India also operates flights to domestic and Asian destinations through its subsidiary [[Air India Express]]. Air India operates a mix of [[narrow body aircraft]] such as the [[Airbus A320 family]] used for most domestic and short-haul international routes and [[wide body aircraft]] such as the [[Airbus A350]], [[Boeing 777]] and [[Boeing 787]] aircraft for long haul international routes. Air India's mascot is ''the [[Maharajah]]'' (high king) and the erstwhile logo consisted of a flying swan with the [[Konark Sun Temple|wheel of Konark]] inside it, before being replaced by a new logo inspired by the airline's [[Jharokha]] window pattern in 2023.

==History==
===Early years (1932–1945)===
[[File:TataAirlinesLogo.jpg|thumb|right|Tata Air Service]]
Air India had its origin in [[Tata Group|Tata Sons]], founded by [[J. R. D. Tata]], an Indian aviator and business tycoon.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airline Companies of the World|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1939/1939%20-%201264.html|work=[[Flight International]]|date=27 April 1939|access-date=17 September 2011|archive-date=6 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106023145/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1939/1939%20-%201264.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 1932, Tata won a contract to carry mail for [[Imperial Airways]] and the aviation department of Tata Sons was formed with two single-engine [[de Havilland Puss Moth]]s. On 15 October 1932, Tata flew a Puss Moth carrying [[air mail]] from [[Karachi]] to [[Juhu aerodrome|Bombay]] (currently [[Mumbai]]) and the aircraft continued to [[Chennai airport|Madras]] (currently [[Chennai]]) piloted by [[Nevill Vintcent]], a former [[Royal Air Force]] pilot and friend of Tata.<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.tata.in/aboutus/articlesinside/How-the-Maharaja-got-his-wings|title=How Maharaja got his wings|publisher=Tata Sons|access-date=7 March 2016|archive-date=4 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604131141/http://www.tata.in/aboutus/articlesinside/How-the-Maharaja-got-his-wings|url-status=dead}}</ref> The airline fleet consisted of a Puss Moth aircraft and a [[De Havilland Leopard Moth|Leopard Moth]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Seth|first1=Pran Nath|last2=Bhat|first2=Sushma Seth|title=An introduction to travel and tourism|publisher=Sterling Publishers|year=2005|isbn=978-81-207-2482-2}}</ref><ref name="isbn8120813227">{{cite book|last1=Behari|first1=Bapu|title=Astrological Biographies: Seventeen Examples of Predictive Insights|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|year=1996|isbn=978-81-208-1322-9}}</ref> Initial service included weekly airmail service between Karachi and Madras via [[Ahmedabad]] and Bombay. In its first year of operation, the airline flew {{convert|160000|mile}}, carrying 155 passengers and {{convert|9.72|tonne}} of mail and made a profit of {{INRconvert|60|k}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airindia.ch/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=45|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811132127/http://www.airindia.ch/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=45|archive-date=11 August 2012|title=Switzerland Schweiz Suisse Svizzera|publisher=Air India|access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/15/when-air-india-was-efficient-profitable-and-growing-fast/|title=When Air India Was Efficient, Profitable and Growing Fast|last1=Subramanian|first1=Samanth|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=15 October 2012|access-date=24 March 2013|archive-date=3 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403045633/http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/15/when-air-india-was-efficient-profitable-and-growing-fast/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, the airline launched a domestic flight from Bombay to [[Trivandrum]] with a six-seater [[Miles Merlin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://medind.nic.in/iab/t07/s1/iabt07s1p95.pdf|title=Humane Face of IAF: Aid to the Civil Administration|publisher=Medind.nic.in|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130160404/http://medind.nic.in/iab/t07/s1/iabt07s1p95.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1938, it was re-christened as ''Tata Air Services'' and later as ''Tata Airlines''. [[Delhi]] and [[Colombo]] were added to the destinations in 1938.<ref name="history"/> During the [[Second World War]], the airline helped the Royal Air Force with troop movements, shipping of supplies, rescue of refugees and maintenance of planes.<ref name="history"/>

=== Post-Independence (1946–2000)===
[[File:Boeing 707-437, Air-India AN2227437.jpg|thumb|Air India became the first Asian carrier to induct a jet aircraft with the [[Boeing 707]]–420 ''Gauri Shankar'' (registered ''VT-DJJ'')]]
[[File:Boeing 747-237B, Air-India AN0422476.jpg|thumb|Air India Boeing 747-200B (registered VT-EGA). The airline operated 11 Boeing 747-200B aircraft in total.]]

After [[World War II]], regular commercial service was restored in India and Tata Airlines became a [[public limited company]] on 29 July 1946 under the name ''Air India''.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Air-India|title=Air India, Indian airline|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=12 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312100015/http://www.britannica.com/topic/Air-India|url-status=live}}</ref> After the [[independence of India|Indian independence]] in 1947, 49% of the airline was acquired by the [[Government of India]] in 1948.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qXxAAAAAIAAJ&q=air+india+49%25|title=Report of the Air Transport Inquiry Committee, 1950|author=Air Transport Inquiry Committee|date=21 December 2023|publisher=University of California|page=28|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=28 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328224753/https://books.google.com/books?id=qXxAAAAAIAAJ&q=air+india+49%25|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 June 1948, a [[Lockheed Constellation|Lockheed Constellation L-749A]] named ''Malabar Princess'' (registered ''VT-CQP'') took off from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Bombay]] bound for [[London Heathrow]] marking the airline's first international flight.<ref name="history"/> In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from [[Tata Sons]], though its founder, J. R. D. Tata, would continue as chairman until 1977.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/air-india-was-at-its-peak-during-the-jrd-tata-times-jitendra-bhargava-former-ed-air-india/articleshow/59252990.cms|title=Air India: Air India was at its peak during the JRD Tata times: Jitendra Bhargava, Former ED, Air India|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=21 June 2017|access-date=24 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729005531/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/air-india-was-at-its-peak-during-the-jrd-tata-times-jitendra-bhargava-former-ed-air-india/articleshow/59252990.cms|archive-date=29 July 2017 }}</ref> The company was renamed as Air India International Limited and the domestic services were transferred to [[Indian Airlines]] as a part of restructuring.<ref>{{cite web|title=Air Corporations Act, 1953|work=Government of India|publisher=DGCA|url=http://dgca.nic.in/nat_conv/NatConv_Chap1.pdf|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101203532/http://dgca.nic.in/nat_conv/NatConv_Chap1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1948 to 1950, the airline introduced services to [[Nairobi]] in Africa and to major European destinations Rome, Paris and [[Düsseldorf]].<ref name="Timeline"/> The airline took delivery of its first Lockheed Constellation L-1049 named ''Rani of Jhansi'' (registered ''VT-DGL'') and inaugurated services to [[Bangkok]], Hong Kong, Tokyo and Singapore.<ref name="Timeline"/>

On 21 February 1960, Air India International inducted its first [[Boeing 707]]–420 named ''Gauri Shankar'' (registered ''VT-DJJ''), thereby becoming the first Asian airline to induct a jet aircraft in its fleet.<ref name="Jet">{{cite book|last1=Sabharwal|first1=Gopa|publisher=Penguin India|title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years|year=2007|isbn=978-0-14-310274-8|page=77}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Air India : The history of the aircraft fleet|url=http://www.airwhiners.net/whine_cheez/20040726.htm|access-date=2 April 2014|author=Sean Mendis|archive-date=24 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724221328/http://www.airwhiners.net/whine_cheez/20040726.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The airline inaugurated services to [[JFK International Airport|New York]] on 14 May 1960.<ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|title=Timeline: Air India|url=http://www.airindia.com/timeline.htm|publisher=Air India|access-date=2 April 2014|archive-date=3 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403225746/http://airindia.com/timeline.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 June 1962, the airline's name was officially truncated to ''Air India''<ref name="Britannica"/> and on 11 June 1962, Air India became the world's first all-jet airline.

In 1971, the airline took delivery of its first [[Boeing 747-200B]] named ''Emperor Ashoka'' (registered ''VT-EBD'')<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/21/us/theory-on-air-india-crash-backed-by-a-pilot.html?ref=boeing_company|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Theory on Air India Crash Backed by a Pilot|date=21 April 1985|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052150/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/21/us/theory-on-air-india-crash-backed-by-a-pilot.html?ref=boeing_company|url-status=live}}</ref> and introduced a new ''Palace in the Sky'' livery and branding. The airline operated 11 Boeing 747-200 in total. In 1986, Air India took delivery of its first [[Airbus A310|Airbus A310-300]] and in 1988, the airline took delivery of Boeing 747-300M.<ref name="Timeline"/> In 1993, Air India took delivery of a [[Boeing 747-400]] named ''Konark'' (registered ''VT-ESM'') and operated the first non-stop flight between New York and Delhi.<ref name="Jumbo">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/the-dying-maharajas-last-sigh|title=The dying Maharaja's last sigh|newspaper=[[Sunday Guardian]]|last=Jethmalani|first=Ram|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009140743/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/the-dying-maharajas-last-sigh|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Financial trouble, merger with Indian and later (2000–2022)===
[[File:Caribjet (Air India) Airbus A310-300 Durand.jpg|thumb|Air India [[Airbus A310-300]]. It sold three A300s in March 2009 due to debt.]]
[[File:VT-ANJ Boeing B.788 Air India (13886637492).jpg|thumb|In January 2013, Air India cleared some of its debt by selling and leasing back the newly acquired [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]]s. Also, the airline posted its first positive [[Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation|EBITDA]] after almost six years.]]
[[File:Air India Boeing 787-8 on final into LHR.jpg|thumb|Air India joined the [[Star Alliance]] in 2014. Pictured is Air India [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]] (''VT-ANU'') in special Star Alliance livery.]]

In 2000–01, attempts were made to re-privatise Air India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1523153.stm|publisher=[[BBC]]|title=India privatisation plans near 'collapse'|date=3 September 2001|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-date=17 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917044635/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1523153.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1522947.stm|title=Tata still eyeing Air India|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=3 September 2001|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307070337/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1522947.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://hindu.com/2001/09/02/stories/01020003.htm|title=Singapore Airlines pulls out|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 September 2001|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213170559/http://hindu.com/2001/09/02/stories/01020003.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Timmons|first=Heather|title=Criticism of State-Owned Air India Grows|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/26/business/global/26airindia.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=20 May 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=25 May 2011|archive-date=29 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529221711/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/26/business/global/26airindia.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Air India introduced services to Shanghai, China. On 23 May 2001, the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]] charged Michael Mascarenhas, the then-managing director, with corruption. According to the ministry reports, the airline lost approximately {{INRConvert|570|m}} because of extra commissions that Mascarenhas sanctioned, and he was later suspended from the airline.<ref>{{cite news|last=Katakam|first=Anupama|title=Controversy in the air|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1812/18121000.htm|work=[[The Hindu|Frontline]]|date=21 April 2014|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=3 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303130932/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1812/18121000.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2004, Air India launched a wholly owned [[low cost airline|low cost subsidiary]] called [[Air-India Express]] connecting cities in India with the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Until 2007, Air India mainly operated on international long-haul routes while Indian Airlines operated on domestic and international short-haul routes. In 2007, Air India and Indian Airlines were merged under [[Air India Limited]]<ref>{{cite web|title=National Aviation Company of India Limited|url=http://mmd.airindia.co.in/aimmd/tender/Integrity_Pact_brief.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809110902/http://mmd.airindia.co.in/aimmd/tender/Integrity_Pact_brief.pdf|archive-date=9 August 2014|publisher=Air India|access-date=18 February 2013}}</ref> and the airline took delivery of its first [[Boeing 777]] aircraft.<ref name="Timeline"/> The airline was invited to be a part of the Star Alliance in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=Star Alliance invites Air India to join|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-12-13/news/27673381_1_air-india-formal-invitation-thulasidas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323051906/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-12-13/news/27673381_1_air-india-formal-invitation-thulasidas|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2014|access-date=23 March 2014|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=13 December 2007}}</ref>

Around 2006, both Air India and [[Indian Airlines]] showed signs of financial crisis as combined losses were {{INRConvert|7.7|b}}. After the merger of Indian Airlines with Air India in 2007, the losses went up to {{INRConvert|72|b}} by March 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/What-sent-Air-India-crashing/articleshow/4782707.cms|title=What sent Air India crashing?|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=16 July 2009|access-date=30 August 2010|archive-date=19 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719101732/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/What-sent-Air-India-crashing/articleshow/4782707.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/09/stories/2009070960801200.htm|title=Air India restructuring plans being readied|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 July 2009|access-date=30 August 2010|location=Chennai, India|archive-date=28 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428071220/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/09/stories/2009070960801200.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2009, [[SBI Capital Markets|State Bank of India]] was appointed to prepare a road map for the recovery of the airline.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_sbi-caps-prepares-roadmap-for-air-india-restructuring_1276407|title=SBI Caps prepares roadmap for Air India restructuring|newspaper=DNA India|date=22 July 2009|access-date=30 August 2010|archive-date=23 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223004217/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_sbi-caps-prepares-roadmap-for-air-india-restructuring_1276407|url-status=live}}</ref> The carrier sold three [[Airbus A300]] and one [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-300M]] in March 2009 for $18.75 million to finance the debt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/AI-sells-4-aircraft-in-Mar-to-tackle-financial-crunch/495189/|title=AI sells 4 aircraft in Mar to tackle financial crunch|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=29 July 2009|access-date=30 August 2010|archive-date=16 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816213108/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/AI-sells-4-aircraft-in-Mar-to-tackle-financial-crunch/495189|url-status=live}}</ref> By March 2011, Air India had accumulated a debt of {{INRConvert|426|b}} and an operating loss of {{INRConvert|220|b}}, and was seeking {{INRConvert|429|b}} from the government.<ref name="ref1">{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/2011/08/09002707/Air-India8217s-recurring-de.html|title=Air India's recurring default 'credit negative' for its banks|work=Mint-Wall Street Journal|date=9 August 2011|access-date=9 September 2011|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311174224/https://www.livemint.com/2011/08/09002707/air-india8217s-recurring-de.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/State-Bank-of-India-credit-rating-718330|title=State Bank of India Credit Rating|publisher=Moodys.com|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-date=20 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620043848/http://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/State-Bank-of-India-credit-rating-718330|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India|Comptroller and Auditor General]] blamed the decision to buy 111 new planes and the ill-timed merger with Indian Airlines for the poor financial situation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/air-india-aircraft-acquisition-was-necessary-patel/|title=Air India aircraft acquisition was necessary|newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=8 September 2011|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308115436/http://www.freepressjournal.in/air-india-aircraft-acquisition-was-necessary-patel|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904836104576558101182208210.html|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|first=Santanu|last=Choudhury|title=Auditor Slams Air India Plane Orders|date=8 September 2011|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009172241/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904836104576558101182208210|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2011, the invitation to join Star Alliance was suspended as a result of its failure to meet the minimum standards for the membership.<ref name="on hold">{{Cite press release|title=Star Alliance and Air India put Air India's Alliance Membership Application on hold|publisher=Star Alliance|date=31 August 2011|url=http://www.staralliance.com/assets/doc/en/press/press-releases/pdf/2011/SCP_PR_AIR_INDIA_31JULUPDATE_FINAL_WEB.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328215015/http://www.staralliance.com/assets/doc/en/press/press-releases/pdf/2011/SCP_PR_AIR_INDIA_31JULUPDATE_FINAL_WEB.pdf|archivedate=28 March 2012|access-date=31 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/sectorsaviation/Air-India-Star-Alliance-resume-talks/Article1-756987.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216205424/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/SectorsAviation/Air-India-Star-Alliance-resume-talks/Article1-756987.aspx|archivedate=16 December 2011|title=Air India, Star Alliance resume talks|date=13 October 2011|access-date=15 October 2011|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The government pumped {{INRConvert|32|b}} into Air India in March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-13/air-india-aid-dwarfing-hospital-budget-adds-to-kingfisher-pain.html|title=Air India Aid Dwarfing Hospital Budget Adds to Kingfisher Pain|date=14 March 2012|work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|first1=Karthikeyan|last1=Sundaram|first2=Adi|last2=Narayan|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202143905/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-13/air-india-aid-dwarfing-hospital-budget-adds-to-kingfisher-pain.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/business-18082903|title=Air India: Problems run deep in India's national airline|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=16 May 2012|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=30 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130185438/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-18082903|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 March 2009, Air India made [[Frankfurt Airport]] its international hub for onward connections to the United States from India. However, the airline shut down the Frankfurt hub on 30 October 2010 because of high operating costs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://beta.profit.ndtv.com/news/show/air-india-to-use-terminal-3-as-hub-of-operations-82429|title=Air India to use Terminal-3 as hub of operations|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=14 July 2010|access-date=12 August 2010|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100718072036/http://beta.profit.ndtv.com/news/show/air-india-to-use-terminal-3-as-hub-of-operations-82429|archive-date= 18 July 2010}}</ref> In 2010, financially less lucrative routes were terminated and the airline planned to open a new hub for its international flights at [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]].<ref name="businessworld1">{{cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/dubai-in-talks-over-india-hub-at-dwc-says-emirates-airline-president-1.685744|title=Dubai in talks over hub|work=The National|location=Abu Dhabi|access-date=5 November 2015|archive-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124001804/http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/aviation/dubai-in-talks-over-india-hub-at-dwc-says-emirates-airline-president|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, a study commissioned by the Corporate Affairs Ministry recommended that Air India should be partly privatised.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India should be partly privatised, says study|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-30/news/34177422_1_air-india-minister-ajit-singh-civil-aviation-sector|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=30 September 2012|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305105642/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-30/news/34177422_1_air-india-minister-ajit-singh-civil-aviation-sector|url-status=dead}}</ref> In May 2012, the carrier invited offers from banks to raise $800 million via [[External commercial borrowing (India)|external commercial borrowing]] and [[bridge financing]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India seeks proposals to raise up to $800 mln in debt|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/airindia-fundsraising-idUKL4E8G86OP20120508/|date=8 May 2012|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308182911/https://www.reuters.com/article/airindia-fundsraising-idUKL4E8G86OP20120508|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2012, the airline was fined $80,000 by the US Transportation Department for failing to post customer service and tarmac delay contingency plans on its website and adequately inform passengers about its optional fees.<ref>{{cite news|title=$80,000 Fine Slapped on Air India by US|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=761554|date=4 May 2012|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202134815/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=761554|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2013, the then-Civil Aviation Minister [[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]] stated privatisation was the key to the airline's survival.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India must perform or perish: Civil Aviation Minister Ajit Singh|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/air-india-must-perform-or-perish-civil-aviation-minister-ajit-singh-428576|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=6 October 2013|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=7 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090651/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/air-india-must-perform-or-perish-civil-aviation-minister-ajit-singh-428576|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the opposition led by the [[BJP]] and the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] slammed the government.<ref>{{cite news|title=Opposition slams Ajit Singh for AI plan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/opposition-slams-ajit-singh-for-ai-plan/article5206918.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 October 2013|location=Chennai, India|first=Sujay|last=Mehdudia|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=13 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213090205/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/opposition-slams-ajit-singh-for-ai-plan/article5206918.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, the Indian government planned to delay equity infusion of {{INRConvert|300|b}} that was slated to be infused into the airline slowly over eight years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Debt laden Air India unlikely to get government bailout of Rs 30,000 crore by 2020–21|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/debt-laden-air-india-unlikely-to-get-government-bailout-of-rs-30000-crore-by-2020-21/articleshow/18438960.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=11 February 2013|date=11 February 2013|archive-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823141701/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/debt-laden-air-india-unlikely-to-get-government-bailout-of-rs-30000-crore-by-2020-21/articleshow/18438960.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2013, Air India cleared a part of its pending dues through funds raised by selling and leasing back the newly acquired [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]]s.<ref>{{cite news|title=GMR Infra gets Rs 415 cr in outstanding dues from Air India|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/gmr-infra-gets-outstanding-dues-from-air-india/1/192173.html|newspaper=[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]]|date=7 February 2013|access-date=8 February 2013|archive-date=12 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212194050/http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/gmr-infra-gets-outstanding-dues-from-air-india/1/192173.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Air India puts Dreamliner planes for sale, leaseback|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-puts-dreamliner-planes-for-sale-leaseback/articleshow/18224001.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=28 January 2013|date=28 January 2013|archive-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823134648/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-puts-dreamliner-planes-for-sale-leaseback/articleshow/18224001.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2013, the airline posted its first positive [[Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation|EBITDA]] after almost six years and 20% growth in its operating revenue since the previous financial year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India likely to end fiscal with Rs 65 crore positive EBITDA|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-10/news/37598268_1_air-india-seat-factor-passenger-revenue|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=10 March 2013|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305144820/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-10/news/37598268_1_air-india-seat-factor-passenger-revenue|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Significant improvements in Air India's performance parameters|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-01/news/48767414_1_air-india-express-operating-revenue-load-factor|access-date=4 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=1 April 2014|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305083135/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-01/news/48767414_1_air-india-express-operating-revenue-load-factor|url-status=dead}}</ref> Air India Limited split its engineering and cargo businesses into two separate subsidiaries, Air India Engineering Services Limited (AIESL) and Air India Transport Services Limited (AITSL) in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India engineers threaten to drag management to court|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150920/nation-current-affairs/article/air-india-engineers-threaten-drag-management-court|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=6 December 2015|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130160404/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150920/nation-current-affairs/article/air-india-engineers-threaten-drag-management-court|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Companies – Air India|date=30 January 2013|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/Lo2EQBTMgtHG0ApxmNbuDM/Air-India-hives-off-engineering-ground-handling-subsidiarie.html|publisher=Live Mint|access-date=7 December 2015|archive-date=11 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211092331/http://www.livemint.com/Companies/Lo2EQBTMgtHG0ApxmNbuDM/Air-India-hives-off-engineering-ground-handling-subsidiarie.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2013, the airline appointed veteran pilot SPS Puri as its head of operations. The appointment was criticised by the Air India pilots union as Puri allegedly has multiple violations to his name.<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Bipin Kumar|title=Air India appoints 'biggest violator' as its operational head, pilots furious|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Air-India-appoints-biggest-violator-as-its-operational-head-pilots-furious/articleshow/27684109.cms|access-date=21 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 December 2013|archive-date=20 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220205443/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Air-India-appoints-biggest-violator-as-its-operational-head-pilots-furious/articleshow/27684109.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Air India became the 27th member of Star Alliance on 11 July 2014.<ref name="Star Alliance" /><ref name=":0"/> In August 2015, it signed an agreement with [[Citibank]] and [[State Bank of India]] to raise $300 million in external commercial borrowing to meet working capital requirements.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Can Ashwani Lohani turn Air India around?|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/can-ashwani-lohani-turn-air-india-around-115091401152_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=14 September 2015|access-date=6 December 2015|archive-date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204083353/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/can-ashwani-lohani-turn-air-india-around-115091401152_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For [[Financial year|FY]] 2014–15, its revenue, operating loss and net loss were {{INRConvert|198|b}}, {{INRConvert|2.171|b}} and {{INRConvert|5.41|b}} compared FY 2011–12, which were {{INRConvert|147|b}}, {{INRConvert|5.138|b}} and {{INRConvert|7.55|b}}.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite news|title=Significant improvements in Air India's performance parameters|url=http://profit.ndtv.com/news/aviation/article-air-india-cuts-losses-to-rs-5-547-crore-1201055|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=27 July 2015|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050409/http://profit.ndtv.com/news/aviation/article-air-india-cuts-losses-to-rs-5-547-crore-1201055|url-status=live}}</ref> As of February 2016, Air India was the third largest carrier in India, after [[IndiGo]] and [[Jet Airways]] with a market share of 15.4%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/india-s-domestic-passenger-demand-up-25-percent-iata-116040700595_1.html|title=India's domestic passenger demand up 25 percent: IATA|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=6 April 2014|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-date=23 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423143800/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/india-s-domestic-passenger-demand-up-25-percent-iata-116040700595_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news/29699126_1_air-india-market-share-aviation-market|title=Air India market share slips to fifth slot|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|location=New Delhi|date=24 June 2011|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-date=16 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616064122/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news/29699126_1_air-india-market-share-aviation-market|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nirbhay|last=Kumar|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-11-16/news/27687285_1_market-share-full-service-carriers-budget-carriers|title=Spice, IndiGo close in on Jet, Air India market share|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|location=New Delhi|date=16 November 2007|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-date=16 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616064130/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-11-16/news/27687285_1_market-share-full-service-carriers-budget-carriers|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IndiGo market share shrinks for 2nd month in a row in December|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/news/46462741_1_market-share-second-consecutive-month-star-alliance|access-date=4 April 2014|date=21 January 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194737/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/news/46462741_1_market-share-second-consecutive-month-star-alliance|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 21 May 2021, it was reported that Air India was subjected to a cyberattack where the personal details of about 4.5 million customers around the world were compromised, including passport, credit card details, birthdates, name and ticket information.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 2021 |title=Cyber-Attack on Air India Led to Data Leak of 4.5 Million Fliers |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-22/cyber-attack-on-air-india-led-to-data-leak-of-4-5-million-fliers |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=Explained: What is the data breach that has hit Air India customers? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/air-india-sita-data-breach-explained-7325501/ |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Air India cyberattack: Personal data of over 4.5 million passengers leaked |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/air-india-cyberattack-personal-data-of-over-4-5-million-passengers-leaked-1.4572596 |access-date=2021-05-23 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> Air India's data processor, [[SITA (business services company)|SITA]], reported the [[data breach]] to Air India in around February 2021.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2021-05-23 |title=Air India passenger data breach reveals SITA hack worse than first thought |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/05/23/air-india-passenger-data-breach-reveals-sita-hack-worse-than-first-thought/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> The data breach involved all information which was registered in the SITA data processor between 26 August 2011 and 20 February 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=Air India flyers' data leaked after cyberattack, 45 lakh affected |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ai-flyers-data-leaked-after-cyberattack-7325026/ |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Air India: Hackers stole personal data of 4.5M people in cyber attack |url=https://www.trtworld.com/business/air-india-hackers-stole-personal-data-of-4-5m-people-in-cyber-attack-46914 |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=Air India: Hackers stole personal data of 4.5M people in cyber attack |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2021 |title=Air India data breach: Personal info of 45 lakh people leaked due to 'cyberattack' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-data-breach-personal-info-of-45-lakh-people-leaked-due-to-cyberattack/videoshow/82851521.cms |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> and the cyberattackers gained access to the systems for a period of 22 days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Saurabh |date=22 May 2021 |title=Air India data breach: SITA says cyber attackers 'accessed some systems for 22 days at Atlanta centre' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/air-india-data-breach-sita-says-cyber-attackers-accessed-some-systems-for-22-days-at-atlanta-centre/articleshow/82864982.cms |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Air India told passengers that there was no conclusive evidence on whether any misuse of the personal data had been reported<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=Air India server attacked, data of millions of customers compromised |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/world/air-india-server-attacked-data-millions-customers-compromised-249127 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> and urged passengers to immediately change their passwords.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=Air India data breach: All you need to know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/air-india-data-breach-all-you-need-to-know-101621647788771.html |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

=== Post privatisation (2022–present)===
On 28 June 2017, the [[Government of India]] approved the [[private company|privatisation]] of Air India and set up a committee to decide the details.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 June 2017|title=Air India cleared for privatisation by Delhi|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40435922|url-status=live|access-date=24 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823133530/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-40435922|archive-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> In March 2018, the Government issued an Expression of Interest (EOI) to sell a 76% stake in Air India, along with [[low-cost airline]] [[Air India Express]], and a 50% stake in AISATS, a ground handling joint venture with [[SATS (company)|Singapore Airport Terminal Services (SATS)]]. According to the EOI, the new owner would have to take on a debt of {{INRConvert|33392|c}} and a bid would have to be submitted by mid-May as the Government wanted to complete the selling process by the end of 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mishra|first1=Mihir|date=29 March 2018|title=Government invites bids to sell 76 per cent stake in Air India|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/government-calls-out-bids-to-sale-76-per-cent-stake-in-air-india/articleshow/63517638.cms|access-date=26 January 2020|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032050/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/government-calls-out-bids-to-sale-76-per-cent-stake-in-air-india/articleshow/63517638.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> However, no private firms showed any interest to buy a share in the debt-laden airline.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 June 2018|title=With no buyers for Air India, Modi government may be open to listing airline on stock market|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|agency=Reuters|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/with-no-buyers-for-air-india-modi-government-considers-listing-it-on-stock-market-5216046/|access-date=26 January 2020|archive-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126085434/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/with-no-buyers-for-air-india-modi-government-considers-listing-it-on-stock-market-5216046/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Having failed to sell off a majority stake in the airline, the Government decided to completely exit the airline and invited fresh EOIs on 27 January 2020. In order to attract bidders this time, the government reduced the debt burden on Air India by moving nearly {{INRConvert|30000|c}} of the company's debts and liabilities to a [[Special Purpose Vehicle]] (SPV).<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India sale: EoI out, govt to completely exit airline|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/air-india-eoi-out-govt-to-completely-exit-airline-4860691.html|access-date=1 December 2023|date=27 January 2020|publisher=Money Control|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009172309/https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/air-india-eoi-out-govt-to-completely-exit-airline-4860691.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Noronha|first1=Peter|title=For 100% Sale Of Air India, March 17 Deadline For Bids: 10 Points|publisher=[[NDTV]]|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/government-invites-bids-for-100-per-cent-stake-sale-in-air-india-2170124|access-date=1 December 2023|date=27 January 2020|archive-date=16 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816231045/https://www.ndtv.com/business/government-invites-bids-for-100-per-cent-stake-sale-in-air-india-2170124|url-status=live}}</ref> In view of the prevailing situation arising out of [[COVID-19]], the last date for submission of interest was extended multiple times and the Government eventually received EOIs from seven parties by December 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 August 2020|title=Air India EOI deadline extended for the 4th time|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/air-india-eoi-deadline-extended-for-the-4th-time/article32442343.ece|access-date=16 November 2023|archive-date=16 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116075305/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/air-india-eoi-deadline-extended-for-the-4th-time/article32442343.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Five of these parties were disqualified and the Government invited financial bids for Air India from the two qualified parties in September 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 October 2021|title=3 attempts, 20 years: Why government was able to sell Air India this time|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/why-was-govt-able-to-sell-air-india-successfully-this-time/articleshow/86870568.cms|access-date=16 November 2023|archive-date=16 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116075306/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/why-was-govt-able-to-sell-air-india-successfully-this-time/articleshow/86870568.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2021, [[Spice Jet]]'s [[Ajay Singh (entrepreneur)|Ajay Singh]]-led consortium and Tata Sons submitted their financial bids for Air India.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Phadnis|first1=Aneesh|date=15 September 2021|title=Tatas, SpiceJet's Ajay Singh submit financial bids to acquire Air India|newspaper=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tatas-spicejet-s-ajay-singh-submit-financial-bids-to-acquire-air-india-121091501391_1.html|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008153817/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tatas-spicejet-s-ajay-singh-submit-financial-bids-to-acquire-air-india-121091501391_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 October 2021, Air India along with its low cost carrier [[Air India Express]] and fifty per cent of AISATS, a ground handling company, were sold for {{INRConvert|18000|c}} to [[Tata Group]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 October 2021|title=Air India: Struggling national carrier sold to Tata Sons|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-58778274|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202204301/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-58778274|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Air India acquisition: What Tatas will get|language=en|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/air-india-acquisition-what-tatas-will-get/articleshow/86871669.cms|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008152512/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/air-india-acquisition-what-tatas-will-get/articleshow/86871669.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 January 2022, the airline was officially handed over to Tata Group.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saha|first1=Poulomi|title=Air India handed over to Tata Group|newspaper=[[India Today]]|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/air-india-handed-over-to-tata-group-1905228-2022-01-27|access-date=1 December 2023|date=27 January 2022|archive-date=12 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812095347/https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/air-india-handed-over-to-tata-group-1905228-2022-01-27|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 February 2022, after its re-privatisation, the airline appointed [[İlker Aycı]], former chairman of [[Turkish Airlines]] as its new CEO and managing director to take charge on or before 1 April 2022 which did not materialise.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chandra|first=Jagriti|date=1 March 2022|title=Ilker Ayci declines Air India CEO's post|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ilker-ayci-declines-air-india-ceo-offer/article65143729.ece|access-date=2 March 2022|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302120514/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ilker-ayci-declines-air-india-ceo-offer/article65143729.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sinha|first=Saurabh|date=1 March 2022|title=Ilker Ayci: Ilker Ayci declines Tata Group's offer to be CEO & MD of Air India: Sources|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/turkeys-ayci-declines-air-india-ceo-role-tata-spokesperson/articleshow/89918672.cms|access-date=2 March 2022|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302005151/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/turkeys-ayci-declines-air-india-ceo-role-tata-spokesperson/articleshow/89918672.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, [[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]], the chairman of Tata Sons was appointed as the chairman of the airline and in May 2022, [[Campbell Wilson]] was announced as the [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] and [[Managing Director|MD]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Freed|first1=Jamie|last2=Monnappa|first2=Chandini|date=12 May 2022|title=Scoot CEO Wilson appointed head of Air India|language=en|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/scoot-ceo-campbell-wilson-appointed-new-head-air-india-2022-05-12/|access-date=13 May 2022|archive-date=13 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513014608/https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/scoot-ceo-campbell-wilson-appointed-new-head-air-india-2022-05-12/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Vijayaraghavan|first1=Kala|title=Tata Sons chief N Chandrasekaran appointed as chairman of Air India|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/tata-sons-chief-n-chandrasekaran-appointed-as-chairman-of-air-india/articleshow/90202494.cms|access-date=12 April 2022|archive-date=12 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412122840/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/tata-sons-chief-n-chandrasekaran-appointed-as-chairman-of-air-india/articleshow/90202494.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the airline's acquisition, Tata Group began discussions on bringing the other airlines, including [[Vistara]] and [[AirAsia India]], where it held a stake, under a unified umbrella. In November 2022, Air India acquired [[AirAsia]]'s stake in AirAsia India, renamed it AIX Connect and announced plans to merge it with Air India Express.<ref>{{cite news|title=AirAsia India-Air India Express merger likely by 2023-end: Air India|date=2 November 2022|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/airasia-air-india-8245634/|newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009172846/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/airasia-air-india-8245634/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 November 2022, Air India announced the merger with Vistara by March 2024 with [[Singapore Airlines]] which owns a 49% stake in Vistara getting a 25% stake in the newly formed airline.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Anu|date=27 February 2023|title=Air India to end brand Vistara after merger|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/air-india-to-end-brand-vistara-after-merger-11677521516029.html|publisher=mint|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=16 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816205835/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/air-india-to-end-brand-vistara-after-merger-11677521516029.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Vistara brand would be discontinued post the merger and the brand will operate under the Air India name.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Tata Group to Consolidate Air India and Vistara|url=https://www.tata.com/newsroom/business/air-india-vistara-consolidation|access-date=1 December 2023|date=7 April 2023|publisher=Tata|archive-date=28 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128011751/https://www.tata.com/newsroom/business/air-india-vistara-consolidation|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Majumder|first=Arindam|date=21 February 2023|title=Air India and Vistara kick off their integration process|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-and-vistara-kicks-of-their-integration-process/articleshow/98069976.cms|access-date=1 December 2023|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407112902/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-and-vistara-kicks-of-their-integration-process/articleshow/98069976.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[National Company Law Tribunal]] approved the merger between Air India and Vistara on 6 June 2024, followed by Singapore Airlines' FDI approval by the Indian government on 30 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mandayam |first1=Tandon |last2=Nandan |first2=Kashish |date=7 June 2024 |title=India company tribunal clears Air India-Vistara merger |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-company-tribunal-clears-air-india-vistara-merger-2024-06-07/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maszczynski |first=Mateusz |date=10 June 2024 |title=Air India and Vistara One Step Closer to Merging After Getting Green Light From Regulators |url=https://www.paddleyourownkanoo.com/2024/06/10/air-india-and-vistara-one-step-closer-to-merging-after-getting-green-light-from-regulators/ |access-date=11 June 2024 |website=PYOK |language=en-GB |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009172851/https://www.paddleyourownkanoo.com/2024/06/10/air-india-and-vistara-one-step-closer-to-merging-after-getting-green-light-from-regulators/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2024 |title=Singapore Airlines gets India's FDI approval for Air India-Vistara merger |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/singapore-airlines-gets-india-s-fdi-approval-for-air-india-vistara-merger |access-date=30 August 2024 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=30 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830030424/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/singapore-airlines-gets-india-s-fdi-approval-for-air-india-vistara-merger?utm_campaign=stfb&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook&fbclid=IwY2xjawE-FRxleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHSeHevP0If8ZwNqZnGsjvFIF8btHq1zWhXyl6UADylyY7SoGNbUNa7gXLw_aem_tvzATyDk7dEKleMKdHQGIw |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2024 |title=India clears Singapore Airlines' FDI, paves way for Vistara merger into Air India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-clears-singapore-airlines-fdi-paves-way-for-vistara-merger-into-air-india/articleshow/112910958.cms |access-date=30 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=30 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830030422/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-clears-singapore-airlines-fdi-paves-way-for-vistara-merger-into-air-india/articleshow/112910958.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=30 August 2024 |title=Singapore Airlines gets FDI nod for Vistara-Air India merger from government |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/singapore-airlines-gets-fdi-nod-for-vistara-air-india-merger-from-government/article68584216.ece |access-date=30 August 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=30 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830030422/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/singapore-airlines-gets-fdi-nod-for-vistara-air-india-merger-from-government/article68584216.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 November 2024, the merger between Vistara and Air India was completed.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-air-india-vistara-merger-takes-off-fleets-of-both-airlines-to-formally-combine-today-all-you-need-to-know-3662432/ |title=Air India-Vistara merger takes off: Fleets of both airlines to formally combine today – All you need to know |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=12 November 2024 |work=The Financial Express |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112142538/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-air-india-vistara-merger-takes-off-fleets-of-both-airlines-to-formally-combine-today-all-you-need-to-know-3662432/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 15 September 2022, the Tata Group announced Vihaan, a five-year transformation goal aimed at restructuring and transforming Air India in phases.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 April 2023|title=Air India done with first phase of its 5-year turnaround plan. What is next on the cards?|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-done-with-first-phase-of-its-5-year-turnaround-plan-what-is-next-on-the-cards/articleshow/99288346.cms|access-date=7 April 2023|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407061325/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-done-with-first-phase-of-its-5-year-turnaround-plan-what-is-next-on-the-cards/articleshow/99288346.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=15 September 2022|title=Vihaan.AI: Air India's five-year plan to become lord of the skies|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/air-india-to-be-rebranded-as-vihaan-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-transformation-plan-11663234233289.html|access-date=7 April 2023|newspaper=mint|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407114406/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/air-india-to-be-rebranded-as-vihaan-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-transformation-plan-11663234233289.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=6 April 2023|title=Air India: Putting the Raja back in the Maharaja|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/air-india-lists-achievements-in-14-months-after-tatas-took-over-16354061.htm|access-date=7 April 2023|publisher=CNBC|language=en|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406163959/https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/air-india-lists-achievements-in-14-months-after-tatas-took-over-16354061.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> As part of the plan, Air India announced flights to additional international destinations.<ref>{{cite news|work=Livemint|date=15 December 2022|title=Air India launches Mumbai-San Francisco direct flight, more flights by next year|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/air-india-launches-mumbai-san-francisco-direct-flight-more-flights-by-next-year-11671117044948.html|access-date=30 January 2024|archive-date=30 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130214935/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/air-india-launches-mumbai-san-francisco-direct-flight-more-flights-by-next-year-11671117044948.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=31 October 2023|title=Air India to launch direct flight service from Mumbai to Melbourne on Dec 15|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-launch-direct-flight-service-from-mumbai-to-melbourne-on-dec-15/articleshow/104857442.cms|access-date=30 January 2024|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=30 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130214936/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-launch-direct-flight-service-from-mumbai-to-melbourne-on-dec-15/articleshow/104857442.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The route expansion was supported by improving air-worthiness of existing fleet and leasing aircraft from other airlines.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schlappig|first=Ben|date=15 December 2022|title=Air India Starts Flying Former Delta 777-200LRs|url=https://onemileatatime.com/news/air-india-delta-777/|access-date=30 January 2024|work=One Mile at a Time|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009172854/https://onemileatatime.com/news/air-india-delta-777/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Schlappig|first=Ben|date=2 August 2023|title=Air India Leasing Six Etihad Airways Boeing 777s|url=https://onemileatatime.com/news/air-india-etihad-777/|access-date=30 January 2024|work=One Mile at a Time|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231204836/https://onemileatatime.com/news/air-india-etihad-777/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Majumder|first=Arindam|date=22 July 2023|title=Air India to lease three 777-300 ER from Singapore Airlines|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-lease-three-777-300-er-from-singapore-airlines/articleshow/102035381.cms|access-date=30 January 2024|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=22 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722085100/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-lease-three-777-300-er-from-singapore-airlines/articleshow/102035381.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 February 2023, Air India announced an order for 470 aircraft consisting of 250 from [[Airbus]] and 220 from [[Boeing]] at a cost of US$70 billion, which set the record for the world's largest aircraft order at the time.<ref name="Rec">{{cite news|title=Air India Announces Order for 470 Aircraft|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/air-indias-order-for-470-jets-at-list-price-of-70-billion/article66559223.ece|date=27 February 2023|access-date=14 March 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315062331/https://www.thehindu.com/business/air-indias-order-for-470-jets-at-list-price-of-70-billion/article66559223.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 August 2023, the airline announced a rebranding exercise named "Vista" with a new livery and logo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India unveils its new logo, the iconic Maharaja to be revamped|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/air-india-unveils-its-new-logo-the-iconic-maharaja-to-be-revamped/articleshow/102640086.cms|access-date=1 December 2023|date=13 August 2023|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=1 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101062438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/air-india-unveils-its-new-logo-the-iconic-maharaja-to-be-revamped/articleshow/102640086.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 December 2022|title=Air India to spend $400 million on cabin upgrade of existing 40 wide body aircraft|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/air-india-to-spend-400-million-on-cabin-upgrade-of-existing-40-wide-body-aircraft/articleshow/96080528.cms|access-date=1 December 2023|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009172856/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/air-india-to-spend-400-million-on-cabin-upgrade-of-existing-40-wide-body-aircraft/articleshow/96080528.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 January 2024, Air India announced that it will begin operating its first Airbus A350 aircraft on domestic routes from 22 January 2024 before expanding to international destinations.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 January 2024|title=Air India to start operating A350 aircraft from January 22|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/air-india-a350-aircraft-operation-9090577/|access-date=1 January 2024|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=1 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101115511/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/air-india-a350-aircraft-operation-9090577/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2024, Air India was reported to be "consolidating its cargo operations" and plans to start a separate entity or a subsidiary like [[Air India Cargo]] to handle cargo operations with dedicated [[Cargo aircraft|freighters]]. There has been a 30% increase in the cargo revenues of the Air India Group in FY22-24. The cargo volume is expected to increase to 2.5 million tonnes by 2027. Air India is also developing a "mother software" to handle cargo data and revenue management. The airline is streamlining its cargo operations for optimisation of cargo handling. The airline has initiated a programme to "onboard, engage and expand with regional, national and global customers".<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Gandhi |first=Forum |date=31 July 2024 |title=Air India may carve out separate cargo entity with dedicated freighters |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-may-carve-out-separate-cargo-entity-with-dedicated-freighters/articleshow/112147311.cms |access-date=31 July 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=31 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731120931/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-may-carve-out-separate-cargo-entity-with-dedicated-freighters/articleshow/112147311.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2024, Air India announced a $400 million refurbishment programme to modernise 67 of its older aircraft. The programme will commence with the overhaul of 27 narrow-body [[Airbus A320neo family|Airbus A320neo]] planes, followed by 40 wide-body Boeing aircraft.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Air India launches $400 million upgrade to transform flying experience |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/air-india-launches-400-million-upgrade-to-transform-flying-experience-124091700669_1.html |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009173955/https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/air-india-launches-400-million-upgrade-to-transform-flying-experience-124091700669_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 September 2024 |title=Air India's $400 mn overhaul: Luxury seats, modern lights and high-tech upgrades coming soon |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-indias-400-mn-overhaul-luxury-seats-modern-lights-and-high-tech-upgrades-coming-soon/articleshow/113420294.cms |access-date=17 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917175952/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-indias-400-mn-overhaul-luxury-seats-modern-lights-and-high-tech-upgrades-coming-soon/articleshow/113420294.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2025, Air India was reported to be in advanced talks to acquire up to 300 additional aircraft from Airbus and Boeing, including 80–100 widebody models such as the Airbus A350 or Boeing 777X, as part of its fleet renewal and international expansion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Varley |first=Len |date=2025-10-16 |title=Air India in Advanced Talks with Airbus, Boeing for 300 New Aircraft |url=https://aeroavian.news/air-india-in-advanced-talks-with-airbus-boeing-for-300-new-aircraft/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=AeroAvian News |language=en-US}}</ref> In November 2025, the airline retired its last B737-200, which had been left outside records for more than a decade while being parked in Kolkata after service with [[India Post]]. The plane, that Air India recorded as retired in 2012, was shipped to the firm's office in Bengaluru, where it will be used to train maintenance engineers and flight crew.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-25 |title='We didn't even know we owned it': How a 1982-era Boeing survived as 'ghost plane' at Kolkata airport; 13 years of parking costs Air India nearly Rs 1 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/we-didnt-even-know-we-owned-it-how-a-1982-era-boeing-survived-as-ghost-plane-at-kolkata-airport-13-years-of-parking-costs-air-india-nearly-rs-1-crore/articleshow/125553393.cms |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-22 |title='We didn't even know we owned it!': Air India sells plane forgotten for more than 13 years |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-we-didnt-even-know-we-owned-it-air-india-sells-plane-forgotten-for-more-than-13-years-4052478/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Corporate affairs and identity==
=== Business trends===
The key trends of Air India are (as of the financial year ending 31 March<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2023 |title=Air India's losses up by 18 per cent in FY23; revenues double |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/air-indias-losses-up-by-18-per-cent-in-fy23-revenues-double/article67473586.ece |access-date=15 April 2024 |work=Business Line |archive-date=22 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222064930/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/air-indias-losses-up-by-18-per-cent-in-fy23-revenues-double/article67473586.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>):
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
![[Fiscal year|Year]]
![[Revenue]] (₹[[Crore|Cr]])<ref name=":5">{{cite report |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/587955/financial-performance-air-india/ |title=Air India: financial performance 2022 |publisher=Statista |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120192430/https://www.statista.com/statistics/587955/financial-performance-air-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
![[Net income|Net profit]] (₹Cr)<ref name=":5" />
!Number of passengers (mn)
![[Passenger load factor|Passenger load factor]] (%)
!Freight carried (000 tonnes)
!Fleet size<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1189850/air-india-number-of-airplanes/ |title=Air India Ltd.: number of airplanes |publisher=Statista |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120192432/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1189850/air-india-number-of-airplanes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Reference
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2015-16
|20,610
|−3,836
|18.0
|75.6
|192
|135
|<ref name=":6">{{cite report |url=https://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/946631/9466310317.pdf |title=Air India Annual Report 16-17 |publisher=BSE |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120192431/https://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/946631/9466310317.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2016-17
|22,177
|−6,281
|19.1
|76.3
|196
|136
|<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{cite news |date=18 December 2018 |title=Air India net loss falls 17.6% to Rs 5,337 crore in FY18 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-air-india-net-loss-falls-17-6-to-rs-5337-crore-in-fy18-1427007/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |newspaper=Financial Express |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009174013/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-air-india-net-loss-falls-17-6-to-rs-5337-crore-in-fy18-1427007/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2017-18
|23,003
|−5,337
|21.1
|80.0
|204
|158
|<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/587911/passenger-traffic-by-segment-air-india/ |title=Air India: passenger traffic by segment |publisher=Statista |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120192431/https://www.statista.com/statistics/587911/passenger-traffic-by-segment-air-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/587943/freight-operations-by-segment-air-india/ |title=Air India: freight traffic by segment 2021 |publisher=Statista |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120192433/https://www.statista.com/statistics/587943/freight-operations-by-segment-air-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2018-19
|26,487
|−8,556
|22.1
|79.0
|240
|171
|<ref name=":7">{{cite report |url=https://www.airindia.com/content/dam/air-india/image/company-information/air-india-annual-report-2019-20.pdf |title=Air India Annual Report 19-20 |publisher=Air India |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2019-20
|28,524
|−7,982
|22.5
|79.8
|221
|127
|<ref name=":7" />
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2020-21
|12,104
|−7,083
|6.3
|68.4
|74.9
|124
|<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.airindia.com/content/dam/air-india/image/company-information/air-india-annual-report-2020-21.pdf |title=Air India Annual Report 20-21 |publisher=Air India |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2021-22
|19,815
|−9,591
|11.5
|73.5
|169
|165
|<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.airindia.com/content/dam/air-india/image/company-information/air-india-annual-report-2021-22.pdf |title=Air India Annual Report 21-22 |publisher=Air India |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816210232/https://www.airindia.com/content/dam/air-india/image/company-information/air-india-annual-report-2021-22.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2022-23
|31,377
|−11,388
|18.5
|81.9
|175
|127
|<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2023 |title=Air India's losses up by 18 per cent in FY23; revenues double |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/air-indias-losses-up-by-18-per-cent-in-fy23-revenues-double/article67473586.ece |access-date=26 January 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] Business Line |archive-date=22 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222064930/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/air-indias-losses-up-by-18-per-cent-in-fy23-revenues-double/article67473586.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2023-24
|38,812
|− 4,444
|
|
|
|137
|
|}

===Headquarters===
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Air-India-building.jpg
| caption1 = [[Air India Building]] in Mumbai served as Air India's headquarters until 2013
| image2 = Air india maharajah.jpg
| caption2 = The Maharajah, Air India's mascot
| image3 =
| caption3 = Air India logo from 1940–2007
| image4 = Air India logo (2007–2023).svg
| caption4 = Air India logo between 2007–2023
| image5 = Vörösmarty tér 6. Air-India légitársaság képviselete. Fortepan 53015.jpg
| caption5 = Some artworks exhibited at the Air India office in [[Budapest]] ([[Hungary]]) in 1970.
}}

Air India Limited is headquartered in [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/corporate-information.html|title=Corporate Information|publisher=Air India|access-date=30 July 2024|quote=Registered Office Address: Block-4, Vatika One on One, Sector-16, NH-48 Industrial Estate, Gurugram HR 122007 INDIA|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907151434/https://www.airindia.com/in/en/corporate-information.html|url-status=live}}</ref> in Sector 16. Its head office is in {{convert|180000|sqft|sqm}} of leased space on the ground floor and floors 1–6 in Block 5 in the Vatika One-on-One complex, and the lease began on 29 September 2023.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nandgaonkar|first=Satish|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/air-india-leases-seven-floors-in-gurugram-business-hub-at-rs-24-cr-annual-rent-101699186243475.html|title=Air India leases seven floors in Gurugram business hub at ₹24 Cr annual rent|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=5 November 2023|access-date=30 August 2024|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009174732/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/air-india-leases-seven-floors-in-gurugram-business-hub-at-rs-24-cr-annual-rent-101699186243475.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Air India Express, since 2024, occupies space in the same complex.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-express-moves-to-new-campus-joins-air-india-in-vatika-one-on-one-complex-in-gurugram/articleshow/111089806.cms?from=mdr|title=Air India Express moves to new campus, joins Air India in Vatika One-on-One complex in Gurugram|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=18 June 2024|access-date=30 August 2024|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009174847/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-express-moves-to-new-campus-joins-air-india-in-vatika-one-on-one-complex-in-gurugram/articleshow/111089806.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>

Air India moved its headquarters from [[Air India Building]], [[Mumbai]] to Delhi in 2013. The former Mumbai headquarters is a 23-story tower on [[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]] and was one of the targets of the [[1993 Bombay bombings]].<ref name="Air India building" /><ref name="bbc-19930312">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/12/newsid_4272000/4272943.stm|title=Bombay hit by devastating bombs|publisher=BBC|date=12 March 1993|access-date=3 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211202614/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/12/newsid_4272000/4272943.stm|archive-date=11 December 2008}}</ref> It then occupied Indian Airlines House, New Delhi.<ref name="Air India building">{{cite news|title=Air India vacates Nariman Point; moves headquarters to Delhi|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-15/news/37100980_1_air-india-nariman-point-moves-headquarters|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=16 February 2013|first=Anindya|last=Upadhyay|date=15 February 2013|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305063710/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-15/news/37100980_1_air-india-nariman-point-moves-headquarters|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airindia.in/board-of-directors.htm|title=Air India, Board of directors|publisher=Air India|access-date=4 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030054518/http://www.airindia.in/board-of-directors.htm|archive-date=30 October 2015}}</ref> In 2023, Air India moved its headquarters to [[Gurgaon]] in the [[National Capital Region]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/companies/merged-air-india-express-finds-new-hq-in-gurugram-2772401|title=Merged Air India Express finds new HQ in Gurugram|date=16 November 2023|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=23 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123040023/https://www.deccanherald.com/business/companies/merged-air-india-express-finds-new-hq-in-gurugram-2772401|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Subsidiaries===
{{Further|Air India structure}}

====Current====
{{Further|Air India Express}}
[[Air India Express]] began operations on 29 April 2005. It was initially owned by Air India Charters and mainly operated flights from [[South India]] to the Middle East and Southeast Asia in its early days.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramavarman|first1=T.|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/shifting-of-air-india-express-headquarters-to-kochi-gets-nod/articleshow/17606736.cms|title=Shifting of Air India Express headquarters to Kochi gets nod|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 December 2012|access-date=1 February 2023|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231091858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/shifting-of-air-india-express-headquarters-to-kochi-gets-nod/articleshow/17606736.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/air-india-express-route-scheduling-from-city-soon/article4282465.ece|title=Air India Express route scheduling|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 January 2013|access-date=5 February 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111050657/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/air-india-express-route-scheduling-from-city-soon/article4282465.ece|archive-date=11 January 2013}}</ref> In November 2022, Air India acquired [[AirAsia]]'s stake in AirAsia India, renamed it into AIX Connect and announced plans to merge it with Air India Express.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India signs agreements to acquire AirAsia India; commences process to merge with Air India Express into a single Low-Cost Carrier|date=2 November 2022|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/airasia-air-india-8245634/|newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407112605/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/airasia-air-india-8245634/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 October 2024, this merger was completed successfully.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIX Connect's merger into Air India Express is complete, says DGCA |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/aix-connect-s-merger-into-air-india-express-is-complete-says-dgca-124100100949_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006202204/https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/aix-connect-s-merger-into-air-india-express-is-complete-says-dgca-124100100949_1.html |archive-date=6 October 2024 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Defunct====
{{Further|Alliance Air (India)|Air India Cargo}}

Air India became the first Asian airline to operate freighters when ''Air India Cargo'' was set up in 1954 and started its freighter operations with a [[Douglas DC-3]] aircraft.<ref name="Timeline"/> Air India Cargo ended freighter aircraft operations in early 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/aviation/air-india-shuts-down-cargo-business/story/21477.html|title=Air India shuts down bleeding cargo business|newspaper=[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]]|last1=Singh|first1=Sanjay|place=New Delhi|date=7 January 2012|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229150022/https://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/aviation/air-india-shuts-down-cargo-business/story/21477.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Alliance Air was a wholly owned subsidiary of Indian Airlines established on 1 April 1996. It started operations on 21 June 1996. It was renamed ''Air India Regional'' after the merger between Air India and Indian Airlines.<ref name="Alliance Air">{{cite web|title=Air India Regional|url=http://www.airindia.in/alliance-air.htm|publisher=Air India|access-date=29 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109041931/http://www.airindia.in/alliance-air.htm|archive-date=9 January 2015}}</ref>
It was renamed back to Alliance Air in 2017 and ceased being a subsidiary of Air India in April 2022 when the Government of India sold Air India to the Tata Group.<ref>{{cite news|title=Alliance Air no longer subsidiary of Air India; moves to own website, flight code|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/alliance-air-no-longer-subsidiary-of-air-india-moves-to-own-website-flight-code-101650028436555.html|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009174853/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/alliance-air-no-longer-subsidiary-of-air-india-moves-to-own-website-flight-code-101650028436555.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Mascot===

Air India's mascot is ''the [[Maharaja]]h'' (''[[high king]]'').<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/red-hot/The-Wonderful-Journey-Of-Air-Indias-Maharajah/quickstirshow/41855576.cms|title=The Wonderful Journey of Air India's Maharajah|date=6 September 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130160404/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/red-hot/The-Wonderful-Journey-Of-Air-Indias-Maharajah/quickstirshow/41855576.cms|archive-date=30 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Maharaja">{{cite web|url=http://www.airindia.in/the-air-india-brand.htm|title=Air India Brand|publisher=Air India|access-date=4 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104025811/http://www.airindia.in/the-air-india-brand.htm|archive-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> It was created by Bobby Kooka, the then-commercial director of Air India, and Umesh Rao, an artist with J. Walter Thompson Limited in 1946.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maharajah, gets a makeover|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Air-Indias-Maharajah-gets-a-makeover/articleshow/45926691.cms|last1=Sinha|first1=Saurabh|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 January 2015|access-date=6 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210020922/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Air-Indias-Maharajah-gets-a-makeover/articleshow/45926691.cms|archive-date=10 December 2015}}</ref> Kooka stated that, "We call him a Maharajah for want of a better description. But his blood isn't blue. He may look like royalty, but he isn't royal".<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Modi reportedly wants Air India's mascot, The Maharajah, replaced by a plebeian one|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/PM-Modi-reportedly-wants-Air-Indias-mascot-The-Maharajah-replaced-by-a-plebeian-one/articleshow/37097790.cms|date=24 June 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123231633/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/PM-Modi-reportedly-wants-Air-Indias-mascot-The-Maharajah-replaced-by-a-plebeian-one/articleshow/37097790.cms|archive-date=23 January 2015}}</ref> Air India adopted the Maharajah as its mascot in 1946. It was used in promoting it although initially designed only for the airline's memo-pads.<ref>{{cite news|title=When did the Maharaja become Air-India's mascot|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/When-did-the-Maharaja-become-Air-Indias-mascot/articleshow/1110592.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 May 2005|last1=Rao|first1=Sunil|access-date=6 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303130933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/When-did-the-Maharaja-become-Air-Indias-mascot/articleshow/1110592.cms|archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> The Maharajah was given a makeover in 2015 and the brand is represented by a younger version.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Air-Indias-Maharajah-gets-a-makeover/articleshow/45926691.cms|title=Maharajah gets a makeover|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 January 2015|access-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210020922/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Air-Indias-Maharajah-gets-a-makeover/articleshow/45926691.cms|archive-date=10 December 2015}}</ref> In 2023, the Maharajah was given a makeover and was revealed that the mascot would only be used in certain aspects of the airline like the premium lounges and crockery.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maharaja takes a back seat in Tata's Air India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/maharaja-takes-a-back-seat-in-tatas-air-india/articleshow/102626522.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 August 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908180940/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/maharaja-takes-a-back-seat-in-tatas-air-india/articleshow/102626522.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Logo and livery===
Air India's colour scheme is red and white. The aircraft was painted white with red palace-style carvings on the outside of the windows and the airline's name written in red. The name is written in Hindi on the port side fuselage and in English on the port side tail. On the starboard side, the name is written in English on the fuselage and in Hindi on the tail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airwhiners.net/whine_cheez/20040726.htm|title=Air India:History|publisher=airwhiners.net|access-date=5 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923115706/http://www.airwhiners.net/whine_cheez/20040726.htm|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref> The window scheme was designed in line with the slogan ''Your Palace in the Sky''.<ref name="Timeline"/> The aircraft was earlier named after Indian kings and landmarks. In 1989, to supplement its ''Flying Palace'' livery, Air India introduced a new livery that included a metallic gold spinning wheel on a deep red-coloured tail and a Boeing 747, ''Rajendra Chola'', was the first aircraft to be painted in the new colours.<ref name="Timeline"/>
[[File:VT-EJH Airbus A310 Air India Cargo (7179429859).jpg|thumb|Airbus A310 (registered VT-EJH) part of the now defunct Air India Cargo.]]
The first logo of Air India was a [[centaur]], a stylised version of [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]] shooting an arrow in a circle representing the [[Konark temple|wheel of Konark]]. The logo chosen by founder J. R. D. Tata was introduced in 1948 and represented the airline until 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spellbrand.com/airlines-logos-with-flying-colors|title=Airlines logos with colors|date=13 July 2010|publisher=spellbrand.com|access-date=5 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124002453/http://www.spellbrand.com/airlines-logos-with-flying-colors|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> On 22 May 2007, Air India and Indian Airlines unveiled their new livery consisting of a Flying Swan with the wheel of Konark placed inside it. The flying swan was morphed from the centaur logo, and the chakra was derived from Indian's erstwhile logo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-air-india-to-get-new-livery-following-indian-airlines-merger-214180/|date=23 May 2007|title=Air India to get a new logo|work=FlightGlobal|access-date=4 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123190026/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-air-india-to-get-new-livery-following-indian-airlines-merger-214180/|archive-date=23 November 2015}}</ref> On 15 May 2007, Air India refreshed its livery, making the Rajasthani arches along the windows slightly smaller, extending a stylised line from the tail of the aircraft to the nose and painting the underbelly red. The new logo features on the tail and the engine covers with red and orange lines running parallel to each other from the front door to the rear door.<ref name="Maharaja"/>

After the airline's acquisition by the Tata Group, the airline revealed its brand new logo and livery on 10 August 2023.<ref>{{cite news|last=Majumder|first=Arindam|date=2 December 2022|title=Air India to get a brand makeover, London based consultancy firm roped in|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-get-a-brand-makeover/articleshow/95921330.cms|access-date=10 August 2023|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=11 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811041917/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-get-a-brand-makeover/articleshow/95921330.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 June 2023|title=Air India to get brand makeover|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-air-india-to-get-brand-makeover-3147235/|access-date=10 August 2023|newspaper=The Financial Express|language=en|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009175207/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-air-india-to-get-brand-makeover-3147235/|url-status=live}}</ref> The new livery features a palette of deep red, aubergine, and gold with [[chakra]] pattern and the new logo is inspired by the airline's [[Jharokha]] window pattern.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/et-al-express-trending/air-india-overhauls-its-identity-heres-whats-changed-8887337/|title=Air India Overhauls Its Identity: Here's What's Changed|date=11 August 2023|newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217131257/https://indianexpress.com/article/et-al-express-trending/air-india-overhauls-its-identity-heres-whats-changed-8887337/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2023, the airline unveiled new uniforms for its crew and rolled out its new identity with an [[Airbus A350-900]], the first aircraft to be re-branded.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 December 2023|title=Air India unveils Manish Malhotra designed new collection of uniforms for cabin & cockpit crew|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-unveils-manish-malhotra-designed-new-collection-of-uniforms-for-cabin-cockpit-crew/articleshow/105932756.cms|access-date=27 December 2023|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=27 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227083741/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-unveils-manish-malhotra-designed-new-collection-of-uniforms-for-cabin-cockpit-crew/articleshow/105932756.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=24 December 2023|title=AirIndia A350 pics: Get into the inside of India's first wide-body plane|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/news/airindia-a350-pics-get-into-the-inside-of-indias-first-wide-body-plane-101703397084310.html|access-date=27 December 2023|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009175212/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertagids&topUrl=www.hindustantimes.com&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=25 December 2023|title=Air India's game-changer: The Airbus A350's revolution in Indian aviation|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blexplainer/air-indias-game-changer-the-airbus-a350s-revolution-in-indian-aviation/article67672038.ece|access-date=27 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=27 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227083426/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blexplainer/air-indias-game-changer-the-airbus-a350s-revolution-in-indian-aviation/article67672038.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Art collection===
Air India maintained a collection of Indian art from 1956 comprising works of important Indian artists and photographers, sculptures, wood carvings, glass paintings, rare textiles etc.<ref name="Art">{{cite web|last=Thomas|first=Maria|title=The fascinating story behind Air India's priceless collection of art|url=https://qz.com/india/1325611/the-fascinating-story-behind-air-indias-priceless-collection-of-art/|access-date=2 August 2020|publisher=Quartz India|date=13 July 2018|language=en|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009175951/https://qz.com/india/1325611/the-fascinating-story-behind-air-indias-priceless-collection-of-art|url-status=live}}</ref> The artworks were often sent to be hung in Air India [[city ticket office|booking office]]s around the world and used in promotional material.<ref name="Art"/> In 1967, the company commissioned ashtrays from [[Salvador Dalí]] and gifted an elephant calf as payment.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 April 2016|title=In pics: When Air India presented Surrealist Salvador Dali an elephant|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/in-pics-when-air-india-presented-surrealist-salvador-dali-an-elephant/story-qiMd1WrlxFZ4kxziE5tH6N.html|access-date=2 August 2020|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013911/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/in-pics-when-air-india-presented-surrealist-salvador-dali-an-elephant/story-qiMd1WrlxFZ4kxziE5tH6N.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, a plan to establish a museum from the collection was stalled and the artworks reside in a building in Nariman Point, Mumbai.<ref name="Art"/> Air India organised the first ever exhibition of these art at the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] in Delhi, titled ''Air India Salutes Indian Masters'' in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Gargi|title=First ever exhibition of the Air India art collection|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-first-ever-exhibition-of-the-air-india-art-collection-1875819|access-date=1 January 2024|newspaper=[[DNA India]]|archive-date=1 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101151423/https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-first-ever-exhibition-of-the-air-india-art-collection-1875819|url-status=live}}</ref> Following a [[memorandum of understanding]] agreed between the airline and the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]], the art collection was transferred to the [[National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai|National Gallery of Modern Art]] (NGMA) in Mumbai in January 2023.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 January 2023|title=Air India to hand over its priceless art collection to NGMA for public display|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-hand-over-its-priceless-art-collection-to-ngma-for-public-display/articleshow/97099269.cms|access-date=1 January 2024|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=1 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101151424/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-hand-over-its-priceless-art-collection-to-ngma-for-public-display/articleshow/97099269.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The art was put up for exhibition titled ''Maharaja's Treasure: Select Works of Art from the Famed Air India Collection''.<ref>{{cite news|title='Maharaja's Treasure' famed Air India collection inaugurated at NGMA Mumbai|url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/spotlight-of-the-week-detail.htm?216|access-date=1 January 2024|publisher=[[Government of India]]|archive-date=1 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101154430/https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/spotlight-of-the-week-detail.htm?216|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bose|first=Mrityunjay|title=Air India art exhibition 'Maharaja's Treasure' on display in Mumbai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/air-india-art-exhibition-maharajas-treasure-on-display-in-mumbai-1227783.html|access-date=1 January 2024|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|archive-date=1 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101151424/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/air-india-art-exhibition-maharajas-treasure-on-display-in-mumbai-1227783.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Destinations==
{{Main|List of Air India destinations}}

{{As of|2025|11}}, Air India flies to a total of 87 destinations, including 42 domestic destinations and 45 international destinations in 37 countries across five continents around the world.<ref name="Schedule">{{cite web|url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/destinations/route-map.html|title=Route Map|publisher=Air India|access-date=16 December 2023|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518065152/https://www.airindia.com/in/en/destinations/route-map.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Its primary hub is located at [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi]], and it has secondary hubs at [[Kempegowda International Airport|Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru]] and [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Akshay|date=1 October 2015|title=Air India to develop Mumbai as its secondary hub|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/air-india-to-develop-mumbai-as-its-secondary-hub-3/148782/|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|access-date=1 June 2023|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231091858/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/air-india-to-develop-mumbai-as-its-secondary-hub-3/148782/|url-status=live}}</ref> Air India operates some of the [[Longest flights#Non-stop flights (top 30, by great-circle distance)|world's longest non-stop flights]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Air India AI 176 Flight Details, Notes, History|url=https://www.flightstats.com/v2/flight-details/AI/176|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127051446/https://www.flightstats.com/v2/flight-details/AI/176?year=2023&month=1&date=27&flightId=1128198930|archive-date=27 January 2023|access-date=27 January 2023|website=FlightStats|language=en}}</ref>

===Alliance===
Air India is a member of [[Star Alliance]], having become the 27th member of the alliance on 11 July 2014.<ref name="Star Alliance">{{cite news|last=Young|first=Kathryn M.|url=http://atwonline.com/finance-data/air-india-join-star-alliance-july-11|title=Air India to join Star Alliance July 11 | Finance & Data content from|work=ATWOnline|date=25 June 2014|access-date=6 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715072220/http://atwonline.com/finance-data/air-india-join-star-alliance-july-11|archive-date=15 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Air India to join Star Alliance in 2014|url=http://www.staralliance.com/en/press/ceb1-prp/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216081629/http://www.staralliance.com/en/press/ceb1-prp/|archive-date=16 December 2013|publisher=Star Alliance|access-date=23 March 2014}}</ref>

===Codeshare agreements===
Air India has [[codeshare agreement]]s with the following airlines:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Booking Partners|url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/destinations/partner-airlines/booking-partners.html|access-date=2 December 2023|publisher=airindia.com|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009181513/https://www.airindia.com/in/en/destinations/partner-airlines/booking-partners.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=17em}}
* [[Air Astana]]<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Air-India-and-Air-Astana-enter-codeshare-partnership.html |title=Air India and Air Astana enter codeshare partnership |publisher=Air india |date=10 September 2025 |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref>
* [[Air Canada]]<ref name="Partners">{{cite web |title=Air Canada Codeshare Partners |url=https://www.aircanada.com/ca/en/aco/home/book/routes-and-partners/star-alliance-and-other-airline-partners.html |website=www.aircanada.com |access-date=22 April 2020 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102033808/https://www.aircanada.com/ca/en/aco/home/book/routes-and-partners/star-alliance-and-other-airline-partners.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Air India Express]] {{small|(Subsidiary)}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Air India Expands Air India Express International Codeshare From July 2024|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240708-aiixcodeshare|access-date=13 October 2024|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009183818/https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240708-aiixcodeshare|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Air Mauritius]]
*[[Air New Zealand]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Air India enters into codeshare partnership with Air New Zealand | website=Business Standard | date=2025-03-19 | url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/companies/news/air-india-enters-into-codeshare-partnership-with-air-new-zealand-125031901370_1.html }}</ref>
* [[All Nippon Airways]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240423-nhaicodeshare|title=Air India / ANA begins codeshare partnership from May 2024|publisher=AeroRoutes|date=23 April 2024|access-date=24 April 2024|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009182057/https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240423-nhaicodeshare|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Asiana Airlines]]
* [[Austrian Airlines]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Austrian Codeshare Partners|url=https://www.austrian.com/Info/Partners/CodesharePartners.aspx?sc_lang=tr&cc=TR|access-date=1 June 2020|work=Austrian|date=1 June 2020|archive-date=4 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004132903/https://www.austrian.com/Info/Partners/CodesharePartners.aspx?sc_lang=tr&cc=TR|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Avianca]]
* [[Croatia Airlines]]
* [[Egyptair]]
* [[Ethiopian Airlines]]
* [[EVA Air]]
* [[Hong Kong Airlines]]
* [[Kenya Airways]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/241227-aikqcodeshare|title=Air India / Kenya Airways begins codeshare service from late-Dec 2024|publisher=AeroRoutes|date=27 December 2024}}</ref>
* [[LOT Polish Airlines]]
* [[Lufthansa]]
*[[Saudi Arabian Airlines]] <ref>https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/air-india-partners-with-saudia-for-codeshare-agreement-effective-february-what-should-passengers-expect-11768401496052.html</ref>
* [[Singapore Airlines]]
* [[SriLankan Airlines]]
* [[Swiss International Air Lines]]
* [[TAP Air Portugal]]
* [[United Airlines]]
*[[Virgin Australia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviationa2z.com/index.php/2025/02/17/air-india-virgin-australia-codeshare/#google_vignette|title=Air India Offers 16 New Destinations with Virgin Australia Codeshare|first=Bhavya|last=Velani|date=17 February 2025}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===Interline agreements===
Air India has [[interline agreement]]s with the following airlines:
* [[Alaska Airlines]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/industry/aviation/story/air-india-enters-into-interline-partnership-with-alaska-airlines-for-32-destinations-in-us-mexico-canada-404550-2023-11-04|title=Air India enters into interline partnership with Alaska Airlines for 32 destinations in US, Mexico, Canada|newspaper=Business Today|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009182613/https://www.businesstoday.in/industry/aviation/story/air-india-enters-into-interline-partnership-with-alaska-airlines-for-32-destinations-in-us-mexico-canada-404550-2023-11-04|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Bangkok Airways]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/air-india-enters-into-interline-partnership-with-bangkok-airways/articleshow/103479402.cms|title=Air India enters into interline partnership with Bangkok Airways|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 September 2023|access-date=7 September 2023|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919084544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/air-india-enters-into-interline-partnership-with-bangkok-airways/articleshow/103479402.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Uganda Airlines]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uganda Airlines and Air India sign interline agreement|url=https://airlinegeeks.com/2025/09/20/uganda-airlines-and-air-india-sign-interline-agreement/|website=airlinegeeks.com|access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref>

==Fleet==
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = VT-RTN.jpg
| caption1 = Air India [[Airbus A320neo]]
| image2 = Air India A350 - 900.png
| caption2 = Air India [[Airbus A350-900]] registered VT-JRA. This was the airlines’ first A350.
| image3 = Boeing 777-237(LR) Air India VT-ALD, LHR London, England (Heathrow Airport), United Kingdom PP1369760077.jpg
| caption3 = Air India [[Boeing 777-200LR]]
| image4 = Air India 777-300ER VT-ALL.jpg
| caption4 = Air India [[Boeing 777-300ER]]
| image5 = VT-ANL Boeing 788 Air India (13894940893).jpg
| caption5 = Air India [[Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner]]
| image6 = VT-TSE, 2023-08-04.jpg
| caption6 = Air India [[Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner]], formerly a [[Vistara]] aircraft before merger with Air India
}}

{{Main|Air India fleet}}

{{As of|2025|11}}, Air India operates a fleet of 189 aircraft, both narrowbody and widebody aircraft with a fleet composed of [[Airbus A319]], [[Airbus A320 family|A320]], [[Airbus A320neo family|A320neo]], [[Airbus A321|A321]], [[Airbus A321neo|A321neo]], [[Airbus A350|A350]] as well as the [[Boeing 777]] and [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Fleet Details|url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/experience/airindia-fleet.html|publisher=Air India|access-date=31 December 2023|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231072540/https://www.airindia.com/in/en/experience/airindia-fleet.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Fleet information===
In 1932, Air India started operations with a De Havilland Puss Moth. On 21 February 1960, Air India International inducted its first [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707-420C]] named ''Gauri Shankar'' (registered ''VT-DJJ''), thereby becoming the first Asian airline to induct a jet aircraft in its fleet.<ref name="Jet"/> In 1971, the airline took delivery of its first [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-237B]] named ''Emperor Ashoka'' (registered ''VT-EBD'')<ref name="nytimes.com"/> In 1986, Air India took delivery of its first [[Airbus A310|Airbus A310-300]].<ref name="Timeline"/> On 4 August 1993, Air India took the delivery of its first [[Boeing 747-400|Boeing 747-437]] named ''Konark'' (registered ''VT-ESM'')<ref name="Jumbo"/>{{Failed verification|date=August 2024}} In 1989, Indian Airlines introduced the Airbus A320-200 aircraft, which Air India now uses to operate both domestic and international short haul flights.<ref name="Timeline"/> In 2005, Indian Airlines introduced the smaller A319, which is now used mainly on domestic and regional routes.<ref name="Timeline"/> After the merger in 2007, Air India inducted the A321 to operate mainly on international short-haul routes and leased Airbus A330s to operate on medium-long-haul international routes. The airline's first Boeing 777-200LR aircraft was delivered on 26 July 2007, which was named ''Andhra Pradesh''.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} Air India received its first Boeing 777-300ER aircraft on 9 October 2007 and the aircraft was named as ''Bihar''.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} Air India received its first Boeing 787 dreamliner aircraft on 6 September 2012 and commenced flights on 19 September 2012.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 September 2012 |title=Air India's Dreamliner to be in service from Sep 19 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/air-indias-dreamliner-to-be-in-service-from-sep-19-507222.html |access-date=13 September 2012 |work=News 18 |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009182617/https://www.news18.com/news/india/air-indias-dreamliner-to-be-in-service-from-sep-19-507222.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Air India One]] is the [[call sign]] of any Air India aircraft carrying the prime minister, [[President of India|president]] or the [[Vice President of India|vice-president]].<ref name="ie2010">{{cite news|title=Air India One, Seat No 59G|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/air-india-one-seat-no-59g/687970/1|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=9 April 2011|date=26 September 2010|archive-date=13 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113173507/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/air-india-one-seat-no-59g/687970/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="topnews">{{cite news|title=Manmohan Singh to travel in Air India One Agra|url=http://www.topnews.in/manmohan-singh-travel-air-india-one-agra-2238677|publisher=Topnews.in|date=26 September 2010|access-date=9 April 2011|archive-date=14 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014190916/http://www.topnews.in/manmohan-singh-travel-air-india-one-agra-2238677|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="zee">{{cite news|title=April 1 date for President with business jets|url=http://zeenews.india.com/nation/2009-03-16/515323news.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523183547/http://zeenews.india.com/nation/2009-03-16/515323news.html|archivedate=23 May 2012|access-date=8 April 2011|newspaper=Zee News|date=16 March 2009}}</ref> Though the call-sign of Air India is used, these flights are operated on customised Boeing 777-300ER aircraft owned by [[Indian Air Force]] and maintained by Air India on a special contract.<ref>{{cite news|last=Raj|first=Ashoke|date=14 August 2020|title=Contingents of Air India, IAF, govt officials and security personnel leave for US to collect VVIP aircraft 'Air India One'|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/contingents-of-air-india-iaf-govt-officials-and-security-personnel-leave-for-us-to-collect-vvip-aircraft-air-india-one20200814180112/|access-date=25 September 2021|work=ANI News|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924194243/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/contingents-of-air-india-iaf-govt-officials-and-security-personnel-leave-for-us-to-collect-vvip-aircraft-air-india-one20200814180112/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Fleet restructuring===
As a part of the financial restructuring, Air India sold five of its eight Boeing 777-200LR aircraft to [[Etihad Airways]] in December 2013. According to the airline, plans for introducing ultra-long flights with service to [[Seattle–Tacoma International Airport|Seattle]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]] and [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]] were cancelled due to factors like high fuel prices and weak demand.<ref>{{cite news|agency=PTI|title=Air India firms up deal to sell five Boeing 777 to Etihad|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/air-india-firms-up-deal-to-sell-five-boeing-777-to-etihad/article5433602.ece|access-date=25 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 December 2013|archive-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213235958/http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/air-india-firms-up-deal-to-sell-five-boeing-777-to-etihad/article5433602.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2014, the airline decided to sell its remaining three Boeing 777-200LRs as well, citing higher operating costs.<ref>{{cite news|last=Choudury|first=Santanu|title=Air India to Sell Rest of 777-200 Fleet|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303825604579515153204933772|access-date=25 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=21 April 2014|archive-date=15 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215210314/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303825604579515153204933772|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 April 2014, Air India issued a tender for leasing 14 [[Airbus A320]] aircraft for up to six years, to strengthen its domestic network.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India seeks to lease 14 Airbus A320 aircraft|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/04/24/uk-airindia-tender-idINKBN0DA0QX20140424|access-date=25 April 2014|work=[[Reuters]]|date=24 April 2014|archive-date=26 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215200/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/04/24/uk-airindia-tender-idINKBN0DA0QX20140424|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 11 April 2024, Air India sold four of its last remaining Boeing 747-400 jumbo jets US company AerSale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=air india: Air India bids adieu to 'your palace in the sky' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-bids-adieu-to-your-palace-in-the-sky/articleshow/109382236.cms |access-date=18 April 2024 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418025035/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-bids-adieu-to-your-palace-in-the-sky/articleshow/109382236.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Air India is also planning to establish a dedicated subsidiary for cargo operations with dedicated [[Cargo aircraft|freighters]].<ref name=":3" />

===New aircraft orders===
[[File:A350&B777x.jpg|thumb|Air India's first A350 alongside its future companion, the [[Boeing 777X]] that the airline has ordered in early 2023 during the [[Paris Air Show]].]]
On 11 January 2006, Air India announced an order for 68 jets – 8 [[Boeing 777-200LR]], 15 [[Boeing 777-300ER]], 18 [[Boeing 737-800]] and 27 [[Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner]]s. The 18 Boeing 737s ordered were later transferred to Air India Express.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/all-27-dreamliners-to-be-delivered-by-2016/186440/on|title=All 27 Dreamliners to be delivered by 2016|date=1 July 2012|access-date=13 September 2012|archive-date=11 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211103640/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/all-27-dreamliners-to-be-delivered-by-2016/186440/on|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 February 2023, Air India announced an order for 470 aircraft with Airbus and Boeing consisting of 210 [[Airbus A320neo family|A320neo family]], 40 [[Airbus A350|A350]], 190 [[Boeing 737 MAX|737 MAX]], 20 [[Boeing 787|787-9]], and 10 [[Boeing 777X|777-9]] aircraft for US$70 billion with deliveries beginning late 2023.<ref name="Rec" />

On 10 December 2024, an additional order of 100 aircraft with Airbus was confirmed consisting of 90 [[Airbus A320neo family|A320neo]] family aircraft and 10 [[Airbus A350|A350]] aircraft.

[[File:AirIndiaB789.png|alt=AirIndia Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner Parked at BPM|thumb|Air India [[boeing 787-9 Dreamliner]]]]
[[File:Air India new aircraft Airbus A320 safety instruction booklet.jpg|thumb|New Airbus A320 [[Aircraft safety card|safety instruction booklet]]]]

==Services==
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Air India 2.jpg
| caption1 = Business Class seats on board the [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200LR/777-300ER]]
| image2 = 29-APR-2023 - AI154 VIE-DEL (B787-8 - VT-ANV) (02).jpg
| caption2 = Air India economy class in-flight meal
}}

===Cabin===
The [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-300ERs]] that have operated with Air India since before its privatisation have a three-class configuration with first, business, and economy class.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SeatGuru Seat Map Air India |url=https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Air_India/Air_India_Boeing_777-200LR.php |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=www.seatguru.com |archive-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312030445/http://seatguru.com/airlines/Air_India/Air_India_Boeing_777-200LR.php |url-status=live }}</ref> These include the carrier's older, 2-3-2 business class cabins and 3-3-3 economy class cabins. Following privatisation, Air India began operating ex-[[Delta Air Lines|Delta]] 777-200LRs on certain routes to North America, which allowed for the airline to introduce Premium Economy (using Delta's Premium Select product).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Schlappig |first=Ben |date=15 December 2022 |title=Air India Starts Flying Former Delta 777-200LRs |url=https://onemileatatime.com/news/air-india-delta-777/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=One Mile at a Time |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130214935/https://onemileatatime.com/news/air-india-delta-777/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The introduction of ex-[[Etihad Airways|Etihad]] 777-300ERs on routes to [[Heathrow Airport|London-Heathrow]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air India deploys newly inducted Boeing 777 aircraft to all three US |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aviation/air-india-deploys-newly-inducted-boeing-777-aircraft-to-all-three-us/104768602 |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=ETInfra|language=en}}</ref> introduced a third product type within the carrier's fleet (though Premium Economy product is still limited to the ex-Delta 777s).

Air India's [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner]]s have a similar product to its older 777s but do not have first class, opting for a two-class configuration with a 2-2-2 business class and economy class.

Air India's [[Airbus A350|A350-900]] aircraft have a three-class configuration with business, premium economy, and economy class.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-02 |title=Air India's new flagship A350 aircraft makes long-haul debut with Delhi-London flights |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/air-indias-new-flagship-a350-aircraft-makes-long-haul-debut-with-delhi-london-heathrow-flights-9545824/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Within its [[Airbus A320 family|A319/320/321ceo fleet]], which primarily serves domestic and regional international services, only business and economy class are offered,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=SeatGuru Seat Map Air India |url=https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Air_India/Air_India_Airbus_A319_V1.php |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=www.seatguru.com |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131035120/https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Air_India/Air_India_Airbus_A319_V1.php |url-status=live }}</ref> , while its [[Airbus A320neo family|A320/321neo]] aircraft have either a three-class configuration with business, premium economy, and economy class, or an all-economy configuration.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-31 |title=Air India completes retrofit of 27 legacy A320 neo aircraft |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-completes-retrofit-of-27-legacy-a320-neo-aircraft/articleshow/124997834.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-11-04 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

In November 2024, the merger between Air India and Vistara was completed, and former Vistara aircraft started operating under Air India. The [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|787-9 Dreamliners]] which Air India inherited from this merger are configured in a three-class layout.

Air India's took delivery of its first factory-fit [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|787-9 Dreamliner]] in January 2026, which is configured in a three-class layout.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awtaney |first=Ajay |date=2026-01-28 |title=First look: Inside Air India’s new 787-9 that flies to Europe starting next week |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/first-look-inside-air-indias-new-787-9-that-flies-to-europe-starting-next-week/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

===In-flight entertainment===
Air India's widebody fleet is equipped with seatback on-demand in-flight entertainment systems on which passengers can choose from available content. This varies from the [[Thales Group|Thales]] i5000 on the 777-300ER, the Thales i8000 on the 787-8s, to the [[Panasonic Avionics Corporation|Panasonic]] eX3 on the A350-900, 777-200LR and 787-9.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukhi |first=Karun |date=19 February 2024 |title=Air India transforms 777-200LR IFE with new GUI, content and map |url=https://runwaygirlnetwork.com/2024/02/air-india-777-200lr-ife/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Runway Girl Network]] |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520202615/https://runwaygirlnetwork.com/2024/02/air-india-777-200lr-ife/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The legacy 777 and 787 product will be replaced with Thales' Avant Up system. Thales will also line-fit further deliveries of the A350-900 and the 787-9 with the same system.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2024 |title=AIR INDIA SELECTS THALES' AVANT UP IN-FLIGHT ENTERTAINMENT TO ELEVATE EXPERIENCE FOR ITS PASSENGERS |url=https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/aerospace/press_release/air-india-selects-thales-flight-entertainment-elevate-experience |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=Thales Group |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520202622/https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/aerospace/press_release/air-india-selects-thales-flight-entertainment-elevate-experience |url-status=live }}</ref> Air India does not offer seatback entertainment on its narrowbody fleet, with the exception of the A321LR, which uses Panasonic's eX1 system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blachly |first=Linda |date=2020-07-27 |title=Vistara's first A321neo offers lie-flat seats |url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/vistaras-first-a321neo-offers-lie-flat-seats |website=Aviation Week}}</ref> On its other narrowbodies, and as an interim solution on its legacy widebody fleet, Air India uses the Bluebox streaming IFE service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air India Introduces 'Vista' |url=https://blueboxaviation.com/air-india-launch/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Bluebox Aviation}}</ref> ''Namaste.ai'' is the current in-flight magazine published in English by Air India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=Air India launches in-flight magazine namaste.ai |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/air-india-launches-in-flight-magazine-namaste-ai-8859773/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728194304/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/air-india-launches-in-flight-magazine-namaste-ai-8859773/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It replaced ''Shubh Yatra'' (meaning ''Happy Journey''), which was a bilingual in-flight magazine published in English and Hindi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India to now have a new in-flight bi-lingual magazine|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-now-have-a-new-in-flight-bi-lingual-magazine/articleshow/18403161.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=9 February 2013|date=8 February 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823134650/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-now-have-a-new-in-flight-bi-lingual-magazine/articleshow/18403161.cms|archive-date=23 August 2017}}</ref>

===On-Board Wi-fi===
On 1 January 2025, Air India announced that it rolled out free onboard WiFi on all flights operated by the carrier's A350, Boeing 787-9 and select A321neo aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air India inflight WiFi from Air India website |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Air-India-becomes-the-first-Indian-airline-to-offer-wi-fi-on-domestic-flights.html}}</ref> Other planes would get Wi-Fi connectivity after they go through a refurbishment. The carrier became the first airline in the nation to offer such complimentary service within India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air India Introduces Free Wi-Fi on Domestic Routes |url=https://www.airwaysmag.com/new-post/air-india-free-wi-fi-domestic-routes |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=airwaysmag.com}}</ref>

===Frequent flyer programme===
''Flying Returns'' was Air India's [[frequent-flyer programme]]. It was India's first frequent flyer programme and was shared by Air India and its subsidiaries. A member could earn mileage points and redeem them during future travel. On higher fares, passengers would earn bonus miles and clock mileage points.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Flying Returns|url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/flying-returns.html|publisher=Air India|access-date=29 January 2013|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009182719/https://www.airindia.com/in/en/flying-returns.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following the merger of Air India and Vistara, Flying Returns and Club Vistara were combined and rebranded as Maharaja Club.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharaja Club: The new loyal program for fliers after Vistara-Air India merger |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/maharaja-club-the-new-loyal-program-for-fliers-after-vistara-air-india-merger-101731297465320.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2024 |archive-date=11 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111052734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/maharaja-club-the-new-loyal-program-for-fliers-after-vistara-air-india-merger-101731297465320.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Ajay |date=18 October 2024 |title=Merged Club Vistara and Air India Flying Returns to be called "Maharaja Club" |url=https://livefromalounge.com/merged-club-vistara-air-india-flying-returns-maharaja-club/ |access-date=12 November 2024 |website=Live From A Lounge |language=en-GB |archive-date=13 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113040440/https://livefromalounge.com/merged-club-vistara-air-india-flying-returns-maharaja-club/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kulkarni |first=Sneha |date=11 November 2024 |title=Maharaja Club: After merger with Vistara, Air India Flying Returns will become Maharaja Club; members won't be able to access account temporarily |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/maharaja-club-after-merger-with-vistara-air-india-flying-returns-will-become-maharaja-club-members-wont-be-able-to-access-account-temporarily/articleshow/115169779.cms |access-date=12 November 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==Missions==
As the flag carrier, Air India is often involved in the evacuation of civilians during wars. The airline entered the [[Guinness Book of World Records]] for the most people evacuated by a civil airliner.<ref name=Guinness/> Over 111,000 people were evacuated from [[Amman]] to [[Mumbai]], a distance of {{convert|4117|km}}, by operating 488 flights from 13 August to 11 October 1990  – lasting 59 days. The operation was carried out during [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] to evacuate [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian expatriates]] from [[Kuwait]] and [[Iraq]].<ref name=Guinness>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisismyindia.com/air-line/airindia.html|title=Air India, History of Air India, Air India Flight Services, Air India International, Passenger Operations, Awards in Air India|publisher=Thisismyindia.com|access-date=10 June 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231062841/http://thisismyindia.com/air-line/airindia.html|archive-date=31 December 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Venkataramakrishnan|first1=Rohan|title=The Berlin airlift was remarkable, but the largest civilian evacuation in history is by India|publisher=Scroll.in|date=2 July 2014|url=http://scroll.in/article/668866/the-berlin-airlift-during-ww-ii-was-remarkable-but-the-largest-civilian-airlift-was-by-india|access-date=11 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416192358/http://scroll.in/article/668866/the-berlin-airlift-during-ww-ii-was-remarkable-but-the-largest-civilian-airlift-was-by-india|archive-date=16 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/15179/heres-need-know-largest-air-evacuation-history-india/|title=Did You Know That The Largest Air Evacuation in History Was Done By India?|date=18 February 2015|publisher=The Better India|access-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062841/http://www.thebetterindia.com/15179/heres-need-know-largest-air-evacuation-history-india/|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Airlift-Akshay-Kumars-next-a-thriller-of-the-biggest-human-evacuation/articleshow/40364005.cms|title=Airlift: Akshay Kumar's next a thriller of the biggest human evacuation|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=19 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111163459/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Airlift-Akshay-Kumars-next-a-thriller-of-the-biggest-human-evacuation/articleshow/40364005.cms|archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> [[1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait|The event]] was later featured in the film ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mathunny-mathews-the-real-life-hero-of-airlift-dies-in-kuwait-1407625.html|title=Mathunny Mathews, the Real-life Hero of 'Airlift', Dies in Kuwait|date=21 May 2017|publisher=News 18|access-date=27 June 2018|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627202201/https://www.news18.com/news/india/mathunny-mathews-the-real-life-hero-of-airlift-dies-in-kuwait-1407625.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February–March 2011, Air India evacuated more than 15,000 Indian nationals during the [[Libyan civil war (2011)|Libyan civil war]].<ref name="Evac">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/times-when-india-successfully-evacuated-its-citizens-during-crisis-2448179-2023-10-12|title=Times when India evacuated its citizens during crisis|newspaper=[[India Today]]|access-date=1 December 2023|date=12 October 2023|archive-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217131257/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/times-when-india-successfully-evacuated-its-citizens-during-crisis-2448179-2023-10-12|url-status=live}}</ref> In March–April 2015, the airline was involved in ''Operation Raahat'' during the [[Yemeni civil war (2014–present)|Yemeni civil war]].<ref name="Evac"/> In August 2021, Air India evacuated 669 people under ''Operation Devi Shakti'' from war-torn [[Afghanistan]] during the [[2021 Taliban offensive]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/air-india-flight-with-78-people-evacuated-from-afghanistan-lands-in-delhi-101629774345596.html|title=Air India flight with 78 people evacuated from Afghanistan lands in Delhi|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=24 August 2021|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217131257/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/air-india-flight-with-78-people-evacuated-from-afghanistan-lands-in-delhi-101629774345596.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2022, Air India evacuated Indian citizens from [[Russia]] and [[Ukraine]] as a part of ''Operation Ganga'' during the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60474292|title=Air India: India begins evacuating citizens from Ukraine|publisher=BBC|date=22 February 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217131257/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60474292|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2023, the airline evacuated people from [[Israel]] during the [[Gaza war]] as a part of ''Operation Ajay''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/operation-ajay-air-india-flight-from-israel-to-arrive-in-delhi-on-october-13-morning/article67413871.ece|title=India evacuates 212 citizens from Israel in first Operation Ajay flight|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|date=23 October 2023|archive-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217131257/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/operation-ajay-air-india-flight-from-israel-to-arrive-in-delhi-on-october-13-morning/article67413871.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
* ''Preferred International Airline'' for travel and hospitality from Awaz Consumer Awards (2006)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/21/stories/2006072102901809.htm|title=Air India bags Awaz consumer awards 2006|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 July 2006|access-date=30 August 2010|location=Chennai, India|archive-date=6 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206182945/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/21/stories/2006072102901809.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Best Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative'' by Galileo Express Travel World<ref name="home.airindia.in">{{cite news|url=http://home.airindia.in/SBCMS/Webpages/Backgrounder-Note.aspx?MID=196|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222084408/http://home.airindia.in/SBCMS/Webpages/Backgrounder-Note.aspx?MID=196|archivedate=22 February 2010|title=Air India on the upswing |publisher=Air India|access-date=10 June 2010}}</ref>
* ''Best Short-Haul International Airline'' by Galileo Express Travel World (2008)<ref name="home.airindia.in"/>
* ''Corporate Excellence Award'' by [[Amity University, Noida|Amity University]] (2006)<ref name="home.airindia.in"/>
* ''Trusted Brand'' by [[Reader's Digest]] (2006)<ref name="home.airindia.in"/>
* ''Dun and Bradstreet Award'' (D&B), first in terms of revenue out of the top airline companies out of India (2006)<ref name="home.airindia.in"/>
* ''Best South Asian Airline'', Mice and business travel publications (2006)<ref name="home.airindia.in"/>
* ''Cargo Airline of the Year'', 26th Cargo Airline of the Year Awards<ref>{{cite news|url=http://home.airindia.in/SBCMS/Webpages/cargo-wins.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504082932/http://home.airindia.in/SBCMS/Webpages/cargo-wins.aspx|archivedate=4 May 2009 |title=Air India Cargo wins 'Cargo Airline' Award |publisher=Air India|date=29 April 2009 |access-date=10 June 2010}}</ref>
* ''Montreal Protocol Public Awareness Award'' by the United Nations for environmental protection<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.moneycontrol.com/news/business/air-india-gets-montreal-protocol-public-awareness-award_303164.html|title=Air India bags UN Environment Award|newspaper=Money Control|access-date=30 August 2010|date=14 September 2007|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009182713/https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneycontrol.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fair-india-gets-montreal-protocol-public-awareness-award_303164.html%3Fclassic%3Dtrue&classic=true|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Air India was named India's most trusted airline by The Brand Trust Report 2015.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Brand Trust Report India Study 2015|last=Chandramouli|publisher=TRA|year=2015|isbn=978-81-920823-8-7|page=182}}</ref>

Air India's ground services became the first ground service provider to acquire [[ISO 9002]] certification on 31 January 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/1999/may/13airin1.htm|title=Air India gets ISO 9002 certification|date=13 May 1999|work=[[Rediff]]|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=2 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002233824/http://www.rediff.com/business/1999/may/13airin1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airindia.in/introduction.htm|title=Introduction to Air India|publisher=Air India|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313222548/http://www.airindia.in/introduction.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
{{See also|Air India Express#Accidents and incidents}}
As of November 2025, Air India has been involved in eleven fatal crashes and twenty ground fatalities, two of which were caused by acts of terrorism.

=== Fatal ===
* On 27 December 1947, a [[Douglas C-48|Douglas C-48C]] (registered VT-AUG) carrying nineteen passengers and four crew en route from Karachi to Bombay, [[1947 Korangi Creek crash|crashed]] at [[Korangi Creek Cantonment|Korangi Creek]] due to loss of control following instrument failure, killing all on board. This was the airline's first fatal accident. The aircraft had been notorious for electrical problems and had an unusual number of instrument replacements.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-AUG|id=19471227-0|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* On 3 November 1950, [[Air India Flight 245]], a [[Lockheed Constellation|Lockheed L-749 Constellation]] (registered VT-CQP, ''Malabar Princess'') carrying forty passengers and eight crew on a flight from Bombay to London via Cairo and Geneva, crashed on [[Mont Blanc]] in France, killing all 48 on board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghmorel.free.fr/malpag/synus.html|title=Malabar Princess|access-date=17 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720221455/http://ghmorel.free.fr/malpag/synus.html|archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montblanc.to/uk/glacier/texte4.html|title=The 'Malabar Princess' Catastrophe|access-date=17 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620064252/http://www.montblanc.to/uk/glacier/texte4.html|archive-date= 20 June 2009}}</ref>
* On 13 December 1950, a [[Douglas C-47B]] (registered VT-CFK) carrying 17 passengers and four crew from Bombay to [[Coimbatore airport|Coimbatore]], crashed into high ground near [[Kotagiri]] due to a navigational error, killing all on board.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-CFK|id=19501213-1|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>
* On 15 September 1951, a [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Douglas C-47A]] (registered VT-CCA) lost control and crashed on takeoff from [[HAL Bangalore Airport]] with the autopilot turned on, killing a crew member; all 23 passengers survived.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-CCA|id=19510915-0|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* On 9 May 1953, a Douglas C-47A (registered VT-AUD) crashed shortly after takeoff from [[Palam Airport]] following a loss of control due to pilot error, killing all thirteen passengers and five crew on board.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-AUD|id=19530509-0|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* On 11 April 1955, ''[[Kashmir Princess|Air India Flight 300]]'', (Kashmir Princess) [[Lockheed Constellation|Lockheed L-749A Constellation]] (registered VT-DEP) flying from [[Kai Tak Airport|Hong Kong]] to [[Jakarta airport|Jakarta]], crashed while attempting a [[water landing]] post a mid-air bomb explosion in the right main landing gear bay, killing all eleven passengers and five out of eight crew.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-DEP|id=19550411-1|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Déjà vu from 30,000 ft|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Dj-vu-from-30000-ft/articleshow/45747222.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 January 2015|access-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607212935/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Dj-vu-from-30000-ft/articleshow/45747222.cms|archive-date=7 June 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Air India Memorial.jpg|thumb|upright|The Air India Memorial in Toronto, Ontario, Canada dedicated to the victims of [[Air India Flight 182]]]]
* On 24 January 1966, [[Air India Flight 101]] ''[[Kangchenjunga|Kanchenjunga]]'', a [[Boeing 707-420]] (registered VT-DMN) carrying 117 people (106 passengers and 11 crew) crashed on [[Mont Blanc]], France killing all 117 on board including Indian scientist [[Homi J. Bhabha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/9509958/Diplomatic-post-bag-from-1966-Indian-plane-crash-found-on-Mont-Blanc.html|title=Diplomatic post bag from 1966 Indian plane crash found on Mont Blanc|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=22 August 2012|access-date=28 November 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203232542/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/9509958/Diplomatic-post-bag-from-1966-Indian-plane-crash-found-on-Mont-Blanc.html|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> The cause of crash was controlled flight into the terrain, which was attributed to a navigational miscalculation by the pilots during while descending towards [[Geneva Airport]]. This was the second Air India flight to crash at the same location in over 15 years after [[Air India Flight 245|Flight 245]] in 1950 and the first hull loss of a jet aircraft for Air India.
* On 1 January 1978, [[Air India Flight 855]] ''Emperor Ashoka,'' a [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-237B]] (registered VT-EBD) crashed into the [[Arabian Sea]] post taking off from Bombay, killing all 190 passengers and 23 crew on board.<ref name="nytimes.com"/> The cause of the crash was crew disorientation while dealing with a malfunctioning AI in the dark as the flight took off during the night time. The aircraft was the first [[Boeing 747-200]] delivered to Air India.
* On 21 June 1982, [[Air India Flight 403]] ''Gouri Shankar'', a [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707-420C]] (registered VT-DJJ) carrying 99 passengers and 12 crew from [[Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport|Kuala Lumpur]] to Bombay via Madras crashed while landing at Sahar airport during a rainstorm. The fuselage broke apart, and seventeen people, including two crew members were killed. The cause of the crash was undershooting the runway due to flight crew error and miscalculation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06221982&reg=VT-DJJ&airline=Air+India|title=Accident Database: Accident Synopsis 06221982|publisher=Airdisaster.com|access-date=30 August 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100811193649/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06221982&reg=VT-DJJ&airline=Air+India|archive-date= 11 August 2010|url-status= usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airsafe.com/events/airlines/ain.htm|title=Fatal Events Since 1970 for Air India|publisher=Airsafe.com|access-date=30 August 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223015026/http://www.airsafe.com/events/airlines/ain.htm|archive-date=23 February 2010 }}</ref>
* On 23 June 1985, [[Air India Flight 182]], a [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-237B]] (registered VT-EFO nicknamed Kanishka), was blown up in mid-air by a suitcase-bomb planted by [[Babbar Khalsa|Babbar Khalsa terrorists]] on the first leg of its [[Montreal]]-[[London]]-Delhi-Bombay flight. The aircraft exploded off the coast of [[County Cork]], Ireland in the [[Atlantic Ocean]], killing all 307 passengers and 22 crew on board.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/airindia/|title=Indepth: Air India|publisher=CBC News|access-date=8 May 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070506221356/http://www.cbc.ca/news/airindia/|archive-date= 6 May 2007}}</ref>
* On 17 December 2015, an Air India technician was killed in a [[freak accident]] at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai after being sucked into the engine of an Airbus A319 during [[pushback (aviation)|pushback]] when the co-pilot mistook a signal and started the engine.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chowdhury|first1=Anirban|date=17 December 2015|title=Air India technician dies in freak accident|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-technician-dies-in-freak-accident/articleshow/50209907.cms|access-date=7 December 2019|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216105203/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-technician-dies-in-freak-accident/articleshow/50209907.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 12 June 2025, [[Air India Flight 171]], a [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner]] (registered VT-ANB) flying from [[Ahmedabad Airport]] to [[Gatwick Airport]], crashed into the hostel building of [[B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad|B. J. Medical College]] shortly after takeoff. All but one of the 242 people on board were killed, as well as 19 people on the ground.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khanna |first=Sumit |date=2025-06-24 |title=Authorities identify all but one of 260 victims of Air India plane crash|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/authorities-identify-all-one-260-victims-air-india-plane-crash-2025-06-24/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> A preliminary report found that two [[Fuel control unit|fuel control switches]] were moved from their RUN to CUTOFF positions, causing both engines to immediately start losing thrust seconds after take-off.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air India 171 preliminary report |url=https://aaib.gov.in/What's%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf}}</ref>

=== Non-fatal ===
* On 19 July 1959, ''Rani of Aera'', a [[Lockheed Constellation|Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation]] (registered VT-DIN) carrying 46 people (39 passengers and seven crew) crashed on approach to Santacruz airport, Bombay in poor visibility conditions due to rain. There were no fatalities but the aircraft suffered damage beyond repair and was written off.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-DIN|id=19590719-0|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* On 23 January 1971, during a training flight for practice at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Santacruz Airport]] in Bombay(now Mumbai), an Air India [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707-437]] (registered VT-DJI), went off the runway to the right while performing a 3-engined takeoff, and no. 3 and 4 engines struck a mound 9 feet high located 188 feet from the edge of the runway and were torn off. The wing structure broke off progressively inward and an intense fire broke out. There were no casualties among the 5 crew members, but the 11 year old Boeing 707 was damaged beyond repair and written off.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/330885|title= Air India Boeing 707-420 (VT-DJI) at BOM}}</ref>
* On 25 December 1974, Air India Flight 105, a [[Boeing 747-237B]] (registered VT-EBE), flying from Santacruz airport, Bombay to [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York JFK]], with stops at [[Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut]], [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome]], and [[Orly Airport|Paris]] was hijacked by a 31-year-old male passenger, while flying on the Beirut-Rome leg. The crew was able to subdue the hijacker, who was handed over to top Italian police officers after landing.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-EBE|id=19741225-3|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* On 29 August 1978, Air India Flight 123, a [[Boeing 747-237B]] (registered VT-EBO), flying from [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] to [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]] and carrying 377 passengers and crew, aborted take-off at 150 knots due to No. 3 engine failure. While the crew hit the brakes and deployed thrust reversers, the plane veered off the runway and entered soft ground, resulting in left-hand wing landing gear collapse and substantial damage, as No.3 and 4 reversers were not effective. The No. 3 engine failed due to ingestion of tire pieces. The plane sustained substantial damage but was repaired and put back into service.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/328799|title= VT-EBO at DEL in 1978|access-date= 18 November 2024|archive-date= 30 November 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20241130062825/https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/328799|url-status= live}}</ref>
* On 28 January 1983, Air India Flight 306 ''Emperor Kanishka'', a [[Boeing 747-200B]] (registered VT-EFO), collided with an Indian Airlines Airbus A300 after landing at Palam Airport, Delhi, with the plane suffering substantial damage. The plane was repaired and put back into service, but it was lost to the bombing of [[Air India Flight 182|Flight 182]].<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-EFO|id=19830128-1|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* On 2 June 1984, Air India Flight 315, a [[Boeing 747-200B]] (registered VT-EDU), flying from [[Don Mueang International Airport|Bangkok]] to Delhi with 314 passengers and crew, suffered a No. 4 engine fire five minutes after takeoff. While the fire extinguishers were armed, the fire persisted, forcing the plane to dump fuel and return to Bangkok Don Mueang Airport. The fire was caused by a fuel leak on the left forward side of the engine near the air-to-fuel converter valve. The plane was later repaired and put back into service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/327426|title=Accident Boeing 747-237B VT-EDU, Saturday 2 June 1984|website=asn.flightsafety.org|access-date=9 August 2024|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009183313/https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/327426|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 7 May 1990, Air India Flight 132 ''Emperor Vikramaditya'', a [[Boeing 747-200B]] (registered VT-EBO) flying on the London-Delhi-Bombay route carrying 215 people (195 passengers and 20 crew) caught fire on touch down at Delhi airport due to a failure of an engine pylon-to-wing attachment. There were no fatalities, but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair and written off.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-EBO|id=19900507-0|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* On 17 June 1996, an Air India [[Boeing 747-400]] (registered as VT-ESM) was hit by a High Lift 'Skyliner' at London Heathrow when the aircraft was parked on Stand J2, after replenishing the galley for the next flight. The Skyliner struck the No. 1 hydraulic bay lower doors and then bounced forward and hit the No. 2 flap track fairing tail-cone. The aircraft sustained minor damage but was repaired and returned to service.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/488210|title= VT-ESM at LHR, June 1996}}</ref>
* On 20 January 1999, Air India Flight 121, a [[Boeing 747-400]] (registered as VT-EVA), flying from Delhi to [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]] and carrying 336 passengers and crew, suffered a landing gear fire on its second attempt after a go-around, while damaging 22 lights of the approach lighting system and the [[Instrument landing system localizer|localiser antenna]] for runway 7R due to short contact at the runway touchdown zone. The incident took place while the plane was attempting to land in low visibility caused by fog, coupled with a minor hydraulic pump malfunction in the hydraulic system number four. The plane suffered minor damage and was repaired and returned to service.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/147133|title= VT-EVA at FRA, January 1999|access-date= 22 August 2024|archive-date= 22 August 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240822161230/https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/147133|url-status= live}}</ref>
* On 30 July 2005, Air India Flight 127, a [[Boeing 747-400]] (registered as VT-EVJ) on lease from [[Korean Air]], flying from [[HAL Airport]] in Bengaluru to [[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago]] with stops at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]] and [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], skidded while landing at Mumbai on the wet runway 14/32 due to hydroplaning, and damaged the nose wheel landing gear after hitting a few runway lights. While there were no injuries, the plane, which was immobilised after being stuck at the end of runway 32, sustained substantial damage and was taken to an Air India hangar for repairs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/ai-plane-skids-off-runway/story-knm5uKinB2frFFlW1vKo5H.html|title=AI plane skids off runway|date=30 July 2005|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=23 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123012442/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/ai-plane-skids-off-runway/story-knm5uKinB2frFFlW1vKo5H.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jul/30airport1.htm|title=A-I pilot did not brake hard: Patel|date=30 July 2005|access-date=1 December 2023|work=Rediff|archive-date=23 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123112450/https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jul/30airport1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The incident took place 4 days after the airport was closed due to [[Maharashtra floods of 2005|flooding]] in the Mumbai, and 2 days after reopening. An alternative Boeing 747-400 was arranged to continue the next legs of the flight, which took off after a delay of four hours.
* On 19 December 2005, Air India Flight 136, a [[Boeing 747-400|Boeing 747-400M]] (registered as VT-AIM) flying from [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]] to [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] via [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], suffered a tire blowout after take-off from Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-dec-20-me-plane20-story.html |title=Jet Returns to LAX for Emergency Landing |first=Jill |last=Leovy |date=20 December 2005 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=8 August 2024 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808202127/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-dec-20-me-plane20-story.html |url-status=live|page=B4}}</ref> The plane dumped fuel and returned to Los Angeles after conducting an emergency landing. There were no injuries among 267 passengers and crew, however, a woman passenger was hospitalised after fainting on landing.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/narrow-escape-for-ai-flight-in-la/articleshow/1339614.cms|title=Narrow escape for AI flight in LA|date=21 December 2005|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 August 2024|archive-date=8 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808202127/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/narrow-escape-for-ai-flight-in-la/articleshow/1339614.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 16 May 2008, a [[Boeing 777-200]] (registered as VT-AIK) on lease from [[United Airlines]] operating as Air India Flight 717 to [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]] collapsed at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]], after the nose landing gear failed. The incident took place before the passengers were about to board. There were no fatalities or injuries, however, the plane suffered serious damage and was taken off service for repairs.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/17858|title= VT-AIK at BOM|access-date= 10 August 2024|archive-date= 10 August 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240810213410/https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/17858|url-status= live}}</ref>
* On 21 September 2008, Air India Flight 307, a [[Boeing 747-300|Boeing 747-300M]] (registered VT-EPW nicknamed Shivaji), flying from Tokyo-Narita to Delhi carrying 168 passengers and 14 crew, shut down engine No. 3 after an abnormal indication in the instruments. The plane dumped fuel and landed at Tokyo-Narita after declaring emergency. Upon investigation, it was discovered that the nozzle guide vanes of the No. 3 engine LPT STG-2 separated and scattered after fracturing due to intergranular corrosion, and this caused the breakage of the nozzle guide vanes and turbine blades of the downstream stages and eventually damaged the engine.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/72061|title= VT-EPW at Tokyo-Narita|access-date= 27 November 2024|archive-date= 30 November 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20241130063035/https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/72061|url-status= live}}</ref>
* On 4 September 2009, during the pre-takeoff phase at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai, Air India Flight 829, a [[Boeing 747-400]] (registered as VT-ESM), experienced an engine fire, which spread to the wing. As the damage caused by the fire was substantial by spreading to the wings and engine pylon, the plane was declared a total loss and 21 of the 229 individuals on board were injured while evacuating. The Boeing 747 was scrapped for parts in May 2011.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-ESM|id=20090904-0|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> This particular 747 was the first 747-400 to enter Air India's fleet.
* On 17 December 2009, [[Air India One]], a [[Boeing 747-400]] (registered as VT-EVA), operating as an executive flight for [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]] from [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] to Copenhagen, was hit by a food delivery trolley shortly before it was scheduled for takeoff. The Prime Minister took off on a substitute Boeing 747-400 aircraft after a delay of 3 hours.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/70512|title= VT-EVA as Air India One at DEL|access-date= 22 August 2024|archive-date= 22 August 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240822161235/https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/70512|url-status= live}}</ref>
* On 28 May 2012, Air India Flight 112, a Boeing 777-200LR (registered VT-ALH), suffered damage to the nose radar dome and left engine cowling on landing at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai following a flight from London Heathrow. The cause of the damage could not be determined, but the aircraft was withdrawn from service to be repaired. The Boeing 777 returned to service in January 2015 after repairs and test flights were completed.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://aviation-safety.net/asndb/320930|title= ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 777 VT-ALH Mumbai International Airport|publisher= Aviation Safety Network|access-date= 28 April 2024|archive-date= 29 April 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240429003825/https://aviation-safety.net/asndb/320930|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangaloreaviation.com/2014/03/air-india-cannibalises-777-named-maharashtra-shivajis-airport.html|title=Exclusive photos: Air India strips its newest Boeing 777-200LR|website=www.bangaloreaviation.com|access-date=29 April 2024|archive-date=16 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416231037/https://www.bangaloreaviation.com/2014/03/air-india-cannibalises-777-named-maharashtra-shivajis-airport.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 30 January 2014, Air India Flight 116, a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner (registered VT-ANE) flying from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]] to [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] with 236 occupants, had a near-miss on take-off with a Sesa Goa Partenavia P68C aircraft (registered VT-TLE) that took from runway 26 of [[Juhu Aerodrome]]. The incident was caused by an ATC instruction error.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/190593|title= VT-ANE at BOM|access-date= 27 November 2024|archive-date= 30 November 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20241130051441/https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/190593|url-status= live}}</ref>
* On 23 February 2016, Air India Flight 191, a [[Boeing 777-300ER]] (registered VT-ALJ), knocked a light pole down at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]] during taxiing towards Terminal 2 after arriving from [[Ahmedabad Airport|Ahmedabad]], causing damage to the right wing. The ATC had erroneously cleared the pilots to use an incorrect taxiway which was not meant for widebody aircraft. A replacement plane was then used to continue the next leg of the flight to [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/184810|title= VT-ALJ at BOM in February 2016}}</ref>
* On 10 November 2016, Air India Flights 142 from Paris and 154 from Vienna, both [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-8 Dreamliners]] heading to [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], were nearly involved in a midair collision 12 nautical miles away from the airport, due to conflicting instructions from TCAS and ATC. The incident prompted a [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|DGCA]] and [[Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (India)|AAIB]] investigation, which concluded that the breach of separation between the two aircraft occurred due to incorrect label management, wrong separation technique for sequencing of arrival aircraft and inadequate surveillance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/191324|title=Serious incident Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner VT-AND, Thursday 10 November 2016|first=Harro|last=Ranter|website=ASN}}</ref>
* On 11 September 2018, Air India Flight 101, a [[Boeing 777-300ER]] (registered VT-ALQ), operating from New Delhi to New York JFK airport, suffered multiple instrument failures and was unable to perform an ILS approach into any airport. Because of bad weather, the flight had to hold, resulting in a critical low-fuel situation as well. The flight was able to divert to Newark, where it landed safely.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/multiple-failures-low-fuel-zero-visibility-the-inside-story-of-air-india-flight-101-1922754 | title=Multiple Failures, Low Fuel, Zero Visibility: The Inside Story of Air India Flight 101 | access-date=28 February 2024 | archive-date=28 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125620/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/multiple-failures-low-fuel-zero-visibility-the-inside-story-of-air-india-flight-101-1922754 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* On February 3, 2026, an Air India and an [[IndiGo]] aircraft suffered minor wingtip damage after a ground collision while taxiing at Mumbai Airport. No injuries were reported, but the DGCA has grounded both planes to investigate the cause of the scrape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Abhishek |date=4 February 2026 |title=India's regulator investigates after jets brush wingtips at Mumbai airport |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c620y1y9559o |website=BBC}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Companies|Aviation}}
* [[List of airlines of India]]
* [[List of airports in India]]
* [[Transport in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website}}


{{Portal bar|India|Aviation}}

{{Air India}}
{{Tata Group}}
{{Star Alliance}}
{{Airlines of India}}
{{IATA members|asia}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Air India| ]]
[[Category:Airlines of India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Tata Sons subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1932]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 1932]]
[[Category:Formerly government-owned companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies nationalised by the Government of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Star Alliance]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1946]]

Nur Chashma

2026-03-17T02:22:52Z

Akash Arora: put up a stub basic info

{{Short description|Palace built for hunting by Mughal Emperor Jahangir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Nur Chashma
| image = {{image frame|content=
{{Photo montage
| photo1a = Chashma i Nur.jpg
| photo2a = Inscription on Marble in Chashma i Nur.jpg
| size = 300
| spacing = 3
| color = #FFFFFF
| border = 3
| color_border = #808080
| text =
| text_background = #F5F5F5
}}
| width = 312
| caption =Chashma i Nur: Lower Building, Inscription
}}
| caption = {{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|coord={{Coord|26.434862|74.611684|}}|zoom=SWITCH:5,7,13|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}}
| location = [[Ajmer]], India
| coordinates = 
| status = [[Ruined]]
| completion_date = 1615
| owner = Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]]
| architect = 
| architectural_style = 
| height = 
| floor_count = 
| floor_area = 
| known_for = Hunting palace
| current_tenants = 
| website = 
}}

'''Nur Chashma''' is a palace built by Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]] for hunting in 1615 and christened the place ''Chashma-i-Nur'' (چشما نور – spring of light)'','' after his own name, [[Jahangir|Nur-uddin Mohammad Jahangir]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sarda|first=Har Bilas|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.213052|title=Ajmer: Historical And Descriptive.|date=1911}}</ref> It is situated in present-day [[Ajmer]], India and is now just a ruined pavilion.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Arjun|title=Ajmer: Beyond the dargah|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/travel/ajmer-beyond-the-dargah/articleshow/8687704.cms?from=mdr|access-date=26 June 2021|archive-date=26 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626162030/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/travel/ajmer-beyond-the-dargah/articleshow/8687704.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==
Hafiz Jamal, the daughter of [[Mu'in al-Din Chishti|Khawaja Muinuddin Chisti]], lived for some time as a religious recluse here. [[Jahangir]] came to [[Ajmer]] in 1613 A.D. and built a hunting palace here and named it ''Mahal Shah Nur-ud-din Jahangir'' (̠Palace of King Jahangir).

Jahangir lived in Ajmer for nearly three years (1613 to 1619 A.D.) The Emperor himself describes the place in ''[[Tuzk-e-Jahangiri|Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri]]'' and ordered a palace to be built in the valley and some couplets to inscribed on a stone and the stone to be fixed over the arch of the lower building.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jahangir|first1=Emperor of Hindustan|url=http://archive.org/details/tuzukijahangirio00jahauoft|title=The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri; or, Memoirs of Jahangir. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge|last2=Rogers|first2=Alexander|last3=Beveridge|first3=Henry|date=1909–1914|publisher=London Royal Asiatic Society|others=Robarts – University of Toronto}}</ref> [[Thomas Roe|Sir Thomas Roe]] also describe this place as a 'Place of melancholy delight' in his Journal.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Roe|first1=Thomas|url=http://archive.org/details/embassysirthoma01fostgoog|title=The embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the court of the Great Mogul, 1615–1619, as narrated in his journal and correspondence|last2=Foster|first2=William|date=1899|publisher=London, Printed for the Hakluyt society|others=Harvard University}}</ref>

There is another historical important relics, the massive unfinished water lift, now known "Roothi Rani Ka Mahal" as built by [[Maldev Rathore|Rao Maldeva]] of [[Mewar|Merwar]], who took Ajmer in 1535 A.D. The lift was consist of a chains of towers, one overlooking the other, and the water was to be raised from the Chashma to the fort of [[Taragarh Fort, Ajmer|Taragarh]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tod|first=James|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.23699|title=Annals And Antiquities Of Rajasthan Vol.2|date=1914}}</ref>

The Chashma valley widens a little towards the end and it was here that the historic Battle of Ajmer<ref>{{Cite web|title=Battle of Deorai {{!}} Indian history|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Deorai|access-date=26 June 2021|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|archive-date=26 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626162029/https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Deorai|url-status=live}}</ref> fought between [[Dara Shikoh]] and [[Aurangzeb]] and decided the fate of the rightful heir of [[Shah Jahan]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chashma-i-Nur}}
[[Category:Mughal palaces]]
[[Category:1615 establishments in India]]
[[Category:History of Ajmer]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ajmer]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ajmer]]
[[Category:Houses completed in 1615]]

William de Curtorim

2026-03-15T09:04:23Z

Akash Arora: new initial pg basic info - done

{{Short description|Indian singer and director (1952–2011)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = William de Curtorim
| image = William-145 (100774626).jpg
| caption = Menezes during a ''[[tiatr]]'' production, 2006
| birth_name = Antonio William Menezes
| birth_place = [[Curtorim, Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| birth_date = {{birth date|1952|4|15|df=y}}
| death_place = Curtorim, Goa, India
| burial_place = St. Alex Church cemetery, Curtorim, Goa, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2011|12|11|1952|4|15|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|composer|playwright|theatre director|lyricist}}
| years_active = 1980s–2010
}}

'''Antonio William Menezes''' (15 April 1952 – 11 December 2011), known professionally as '''William de Curtorim''', was an Indian singer, composer, lyricist, playwright, and [[theatre director]] who worked on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]].

==Early life==
Antonio William Menezes was born on 15 April 1952, in the Argicol [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|ward]] in the village of [[Curtorim, Goa]], which was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India). He was born into a [[Goan Catholic]] family to Roque Sebastião Assuncao Menezes, hailing from [[Assolna|Assolnã]], and his [[homemaker]] Maria Julia Vas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2006 |title=Registo De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/Appln/UIL/BirthDeathCertificate_af?__Key=&_Mode=B&__cscKey= |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=Goa Online |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810131321/https://goaonline.gov.in/HomePage |url-status=live }}</ref>

Menezes commenced his artistic journey following the completion of his primary education at a local village school. He initially contributed to his brother's [[welding]] workshop, while concurrently nurturing his inherent talent for composing and singing songs. Menezes was introduced to the vibrant world of ''[[tiatr]]'', a popular form of [[Goan]] [[musical theater]], by his brother, Jockey de Curtorim. His debut on the ''tiatr'' stage occurred during the performance of his brother's production titled ''Buddkulo Xizta''. Although the song he presented on that occasion deviated from his characteristic high-paced style, it garnered appreciation from the audience, thus marking the beginning of his musical career.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |first=Fausto V.|last=da Costa|publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=107}}</ref>

==Career==
Menezes had performed on various [[audio cassette]]s and had also taken on the role of producer for several of his own [[audio cassette]]s. He had explored ''[[tiatr]]'' writing and [[musical show]] production as well.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=249 |language=en |access-date=2024-01-30 |archive-date=2023-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230133546/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Menezes directed ''tiatrs'' and performed fast-paced songs, which had earned him the nickname of the "jet speed singer".<ref name=":0" /> One aspect of Menezes's career was addressing [[political issues]] through his music, particularly in criticizing acts of corruption and other misconduct by politicians. In addition to his audio releases, Menezes ventured into producing a range of audio and [[video CD]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-12-12 |title=Popular Konkani singer William de Curtorim passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/popular-konkani-singer-william-de-curtorim-passes-away/articleshow/11076877.cms |access-date=2024-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925220428/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/popular-konkani-singer-william-de-curtorim-passes-away/articleshow/11076877.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He achieved acclaim in various theatrical productions for his songs with [[Music and politics|political themes]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=William de Curtorim injured in mishap |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/william-de-curtorim-injured-in-mishap/35005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130151455/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/william-de-curtorim-injured-in-mishap/35005 |archive-date=2024-01-30 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=oHeraldo|date=12 April 2010 }}</ref> Menezes also garnered attention for his solo performances that shed light on the actions of [[Politics of Goa|local politicians]]. However, Menezes's active involvement diminished after April 2010, following a serious road accident that affected his health. His last appearance was in the ''tiatr'' production ''Hem Oxem Kiteak?'' (Why is it like this?) directed by Lawrence Fernandes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=12 December 2011 |title=William de Curtorim bows out |work=[[O Heraldo]] |pages=10}}</ref>

On 25 September 2009, Menezes participated in the 35th Tiatr 'A' Group Competition 2009–2010, organized by [[Kala Academy|Kala Academy Goa]]. He was cast in the ''tiatr'' production titled ''Teag'', presented by Paingin Kala Krida Saunskrutic Mandal, Chaudi, [[Canacona]], Goa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1974–1975 |title=KALA ACADEMY GOA 1st Tiatr 'A' Group Competition 1974–1975 |url=https://kalaacademygoa.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Tiatr-A-Group-Competition-Programme-Results.pdf |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Kala Academy Goa |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212055954/https://kalaacademygoa.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Tiatr-A-Group-Competition-Programme-Results.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In an article for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Ron Fidelis describes Menezes as being noticeable for his active participation, as he sang one of his songs in a manner similar to Young Menezes, without pausing for breath.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-09-27 |title=Teag: A poignant lesson in family life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/teag-a-poignant-lesson-in-family-life/articleshow/5060901.cms?_gl=1*1bojpan*_ga*YW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcwNjYxNzAyNS4xMTkuMS4xNzA2NjE3MTE0LjQ5LjAuMA..#_ga=2.8856245.1866222136.1706613326-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |access-date=2024-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130151453/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/teag-a-poignant-lesson-in-family-life/articleshow/5060901.cms?_gl=1%2A1bojpan%2A_ga%2AYW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.%2A_ga_FCN624MN68%2AMTcwNjYxNzAyNS4xMTkuMS4xNzA2NjE3MTE0LjQ5LjAuMA..#_ga=2.8856245.1866222136.1706613326-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |url-status=live }}</ref> Alongside fellow ''[[tiatrist]]s'' such as [[Tomazinho Cardozo]], Irene Cardozo, [[Wilson Mazarello]], and others, Menezes made an impact on the contemporary phase of ''tiatr'', which flourished following [[Liberation of Goa|Goa's Liberation]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=André Rafael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |title=When the Curtains Rise--: Understanding Goa's Vibrant Konkani Theatre |date=2010 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |isbn=978-93-80739-01-4 |language=en |access-date=2024-01-30 |archive-date=2024-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129152520/https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Navhind Times]]'' described Menezes as "a very bold and fearless singer who exposed hypocrisy, corruption and nepotism through his political songs which made him a sensation among the masses".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2016-04-12 |title=TAG to remember yesteryears artistes – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2016/04/12/magazines/buzz/tag-to-remember-yesteryears-artistes/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130151453/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2016/04/12/magazines/buzz/tag-to-remember-yesteryears-artistes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Menezes was recorded as residing in the Argicol area of [[Curtorim, Goa]], according to the 2012 ''Directory of Tiatr Artistes''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |language=en |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2023-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827202743/https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2010 road accident===
On 11 April 2010, Menezes was involved in a serious accident near the [[Verna, Goa|Verna]] bypass. At approximately 6:30 pm, while riding his [[Hero Honda]] motorcycle, Menezes collided with a [[Hyundai Getz]] car (registered as GA-09-A-1629) at the Verna bypass. The Verna police reported that Menezes sustained multiple injuries as a result of the collision. He was promptly transported to the [[Goa Medical College]] (GMC) hospital in a 108 ambulance. The Verna police initiated an investigation and registered the incident as an accident. Menezes condition was described as critical during his treatment at the Goa Medical College hospital. The news of the accident quickly spread, prompting several fellow [[tiatrist|stage artists]] to visit the GMC Hospital to inquire about Menezes' condition. It is worth noting that prior to the accident, Menezes had plained to travel to Dubai with Anil-Olga's troupe on 13 April.<ref name=":1" />

==Selected stage works==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|
|''Buddkulo Xizta''
|Singer
|Debut on Konkani stage
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2009
|''Teag''
|Singer
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{circa|2010}}
|''Hem Oxem Kiteak?''
|Singer
|Final production
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:William de Curtorim}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Singers from Goa]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Indian directors]]
[[Category:Indian producers]]
[[Category:Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Goa]]

Itihaas (1997 film)

2026-03-03T23:34:35Z

Akash Arora: updated page

{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Itihaas
| image = Itihaas 1997.jpg

| caption = Poster
| director = [[Raj Kanwar]]
| producer = [[Raj Kanwar]]
| writer = [[Kamlesh Pandey]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = {{ubl|[[Robin Bhatt]]|[[Akash Khurana]]}}
| story = [[Raj Kanwar]]
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Twinkle Khanna]]}}
| music = Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen
| cinematography = Harmeet Singh
| editing = A. Muthu
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1997|06|20|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INRConvert|5|c}}<ref name="BOI">{{cite web |title=Itihaas |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2677 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
| gross = {{INRConvert|10.88|c}}<ref name="BOI" />
}}

'''''Itihaas''''' ({{translation|History}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Hindi language]] [[romance film|romantic]] [[action thriller]] film produced and directed by [[Raj Kanwar]]. The film stars [[Ajay Devgn]] and [[Twinkle Khanna]] as the lead protagonists, and [[Raj Babbar]] as the antagonist. [[Amrish Puri]], [[Shakti Kapoor]] and [[Mohnish Bahl]] played supporting roles in the film. The film opened to negative reviews and failed to do well at the box office{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}.

==Plot==
Wealthy, powerful, and influential Thakur Digvijay Singh visits a village and falls in love with beautiful Naina
. They are betrothed and are to be married soon. But Naina has fallen in love with the son, Karan, of Thakur's employee, Balwant. When Thakur finds out about this, he instructs his men to bring in Naina alive, and Karan dead. Karan and Naina run from this community all the way to Bombay. The Thakur announces a hefty reward, and soon bounty hunters are all over Bombay looking for the hapless couple. When Balwant hears about this, he too goes to Bombay and does locate Karan and Naina. Karan is relieved to see his dad, but his relief soon turns to disbelief, as Balwant instructs him to let go of Naina, as he himself has come as an agent of the Thakur, not as his father.

==Cast==
*[[Ajay Devgan]] as Karan Bakshi
*[[Twinkle Khanna]] as Naina Singh
*[[Mohnish Behl]] as Inspector Ujagar Pandey
*[[Amrish Puri]] as Balwant
*[[Raj Babbar]] as Thakur Digvijay Singh
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Navlakhi / Dholu
*[[Sapna Bedi]] as Anjali Sharma
*[[Aruna Irani]] as Rukmani
*[[Neelima Azeem]] as Naveli
*[[Kanchan (actress)]] as Ganga

==Production==
''Itihaas'' was the first attempt of Kanwar at producing a film and was highly publicised. He repeated the pairing of Devgn and Khanna who had previously starred in his 1996 film ''[[Jaan (film)|Jaan]]''.<ref name="Rediff">{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Suparn |title=The hit squad |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/jul/18grad.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=27 March 2020 |date=18 July 1997}}</ref> ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' noted that the film had been "lavishly produced".<ref name="Outlook">{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Saibal |last2=Akhtar |first2=Shameem |title=Beefcake To Meaty Roles |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/beefcake-to-meaty-roles/205347 |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=13 April 1998}}</ref> Xavier Marquis also helped in the film's finances.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suri |first1=Sanjay |last2=Akhtar |first2=Shameem |last3=Menezes |first3=Saira |title=Settling Scores |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/settling-scores/204236 |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=15 September 1997}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Music by Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen.

{{Tracklist
| all_lyrics = [[Sameer Anjaan]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Chori Chori Dil Diya
| extra1= [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
| length1 =

| title2 = Dil Ke Qalam Se
| extra2 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
| length2 =

| title3 = Dil Ke Qalam Se" (film version)
| extra3 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
| length3 =

| title4 = Achko Machko
| extra4 = [[Alka Yagnik]]
| length4 =

| title5 = Bol Bol Bol Raja
| extra5 = [[Vinod Rathod]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], Alka Yagnik
| length5 =

| title6 = Ja Re Ja Ud Ja Panchhi
| extra6 = Shankar Mahadevan, Alka Yagnik
| length6 =

| title7 =Yeh Ishq Bada
| extra7 = Pappu A K, Anuradha Paudwal

| title8 = Saathi Mere Tere Bina
| extra8 = Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal

| title9 = Yeh Ishq Bada" (version 2)
| extra9 = Pappu A K, Alka Yagnik

| title10 = Juda Apne Dilbar Se
| extra10 = Alka Yagnik, Shankar Mahadevan, Sukhwinder Singh
}}

The audio cassette of the film was released at the Sun & Sand Hotel in [[Juhu]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Audio cassettee of ''Itihaas'' released|journal=Rashtriya Sahara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iNuAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Sahara India Mass Communication|page=166}}</ref>

==Reception==
Supran Verma of [[Rediff.com]] wrote that the film had "turned to be just a rehash of [''Jaan''] and other Kanwar films" which was why maybe it didn’t catch the audience’s attention.<ref name="Rediff" />

The film performed poorly at the box office, becoming the first flop of Raj Kanwar. Devgn took the Bombay territory as fees.<ref name="Rediff" /><ref name="Outlook" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web |title=The Making of Itihaas |url=http://www.screenindia.com/jun13/cover.htm |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030829072526/http://www.screenindia.com/jun13/cover.htm |archive-date=29 August 2003}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0286724}}

[[Category:1997 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Robin Bhatt]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Akash Khurana]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Kanwar]]
[[Category:1997 action drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:1997 action thriller films]]

Jai Jawan Jai Makan

2026-03-03T23:32:50Z

Akash Arora: minor cleanup

{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jai Jawan Jai Makan
| image =

| caption =
| director = Vishram Bedekar
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jaya Badhuri]]|[[Anil Dhawan]]}}
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1971|12|24}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Jai Jawan Jai Makan''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1971|1971]] [[Bollywood]] [[drama film]] directed by Vishram Bedekar. The film stars [[Jaya Badhuri]] and [[Anil Dhawan]].

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0155771|title=Jai Jawan Jai Makan}}

[[Category:1971 films]]
[[Category:1971 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1971 Indian films]]
[[Category:1971 drama films]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{1970s-drama-film-stub}}

IPC Section 300

2026-03-03T21:42:29Z

Akash Arora: Made the article needs work - done

{{Short description|2009 Kannada-language film}}
{{For|the Indian Penal Code|Indian Penal Code}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = IPC Section 300 (ಐ.ಪಿ.ಸಿ.ಸೆಕ್ಷನ್ ೩೦೦)
| image =
| caption =
| director = Shashikanth
| producer = Sri Suresh Gowda
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Devaraj]]
*[[Vijay Raghavendra]]
*Priyanka
*[[Suman Ranganath]]
*[[Srujan Lokesh]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = Veer Samarth
| cinematography = A R Niranjan Babu
| editing = K Eshwar
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|10|23}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''IPC Section 300''''' ({{langx|kn|ಐ.ಪಿ.ಸಿ.ಸೆಕ್ಷನ್ ೩೦೦}}) is a 2009 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by Shashikanth, starring [[Devaraj]], [[Vijay Raghavendra]], Priyanka, [[Suman Ranganath]] and [[Srujan Lokesh]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/title-titillation/articleshow/22163467.cms|title=Title titillation|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/Priyankas-going-good/articleshow/5136094.cms?from=mdr|title=Priyanka’s going good|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=19 October 2009}}</ref> The movie is based on the 2007 movie ''[[Fracture (2007 film)|Fracture]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/bypassing-copycats-sandalwood-style/articleshow/21434657.cms|title=Bypassing copycats, Sandalwood style|access-date=17 April 2022|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190329083728/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Bypassing-copycats-Sandalwood-style/articleshow/21434657.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
Mallik, an architect, kills his wife Sheela after he learns of her affair with a police officer. Later, the same police officer is assigned the task to probe the case of Sheela's murder.

==Cast==
*[[Devaraj]] as Mallikarjun a.k.a. Mallik
*[[Vijay Raghavendra]] as Vijay
*Priyanka
*[[Suman Ranganath]] as Sheela
*[[Srujan Lokesh]] as a police officer

==Music==

{{Infobox album
| name = IPC section 300
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Veera Samarth
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2009
| recorded = 2009
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 17:38
| language = Kannada
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2008
| year = 2009
| next_title =
| next_year = 2010
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|1V1hDEPuj3I| IPC section 300 - Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 17:38
| title1 = Lajjo
| extra1 = [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth Kumar]]
| length1 = 4:50
| title2 = Tangaali Yante Bande Nee
| extra2 = Santhosh Venky, Akanksha Badami
| length2 = 4:27
| title3 = Kempu Tutigalu
| extra3 = [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| length3 = 4:15
| title4 = Dil Idda Mele
| extra4 =[[Sunitha (Telugu singer)|Sunitha]]
| length4 = 4:46
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Devaraj gives an extraordinary performance. Vijaya Raghavendra is equally good. Suman Ranganath and Srujan are superb. Yatiraj shines. Camerawork by Niranjan Babu is good as is Veera Samarth's music".<ref>{{cite web |title=IPC SECTION 300 MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/ipc-section-300/movie-review/5230876.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 May 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> B. S. S. of [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "Yatiraj as Investigating Officer Vineet is efficient in a small role. Heroine Priyanka is prescribed a dose of comedies to treat the depression on her face. The climax is riveting as expected and indeed lifts the film. The film scores in avoiding the ‘necessity’ to bow to ‘commercial, audience tastes’".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/35764/ipc-section-300.html|title=Review - IPC Section 300|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=14 November 2009}}</ref> [[Bangalore Mirror]] says Vijay Raghavendra looks odd in some scenes due to his weight loss, but otherwise is a bundle of energy. Srujan and Yethiraj fill their roles with life. The background score is superb. If only better ‘commercial’ sense had prevailed, this film would have been a class apart".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/ipc-section-300-good-advocate-bad-laws/articleshow/21994334.cms|title=IPC Section 300: Good advocate, bad laws|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=13 November 2009}}</ref> R G Vijayasarathy of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and says "The screenplay and dialogues by Shashikanth are very realistic. The film as a whole belongs to Shashikanth who has to be appreciated for the choice of the subject and for exercising total control over his narration".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-kannada-movie-review-ipc-section-300/20091112.htm|title= IPC Section 300 is a brilliant film|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=12 November 2009}}</ref> [[Sify]] wrote "Srujan Lokesh is apt. The background score of MN Krupakar is well measured. The cinematography by Niranjan Babu has used the lighting effectively".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/ipc-section-300-review-kannada-pclxuOiicadec.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118014904/https://www.sify.com/movies/ipc-section-300-review-kannada-pclxuOiicadec.html|archive-date=18 January 2022|title=IPC Section 300|work=[[Sify]]|access-date=16 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt14189134}}

[[Category:2009 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:Indian Penal Code]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police]]

Mohandas (2019 film)

2026-03-03T21:29:10Z

Akash Arora: added

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mohandas
| image = Mohandas Film Poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[P. Sheshadri]]
| producer = M/S Mitra Chitra<ref name="the hindu" />
| starring = Param Swamy Samarth Hombal [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]] [[Anant Mahadevan]]
| screenplay = P. Sheshadri
| based_on = {{based on|''Papu Gandhi, Bapu Gandhi Aada Kathe: The Story of Mahatma Gandhi''|[[Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi]]}} & {{based on|''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth]]''|[[Mahatma Gandhi]]}}
| music = [[Pravin Godkhindi]]
| cinematography = G. S. Bhaskar
| editing = B. S. Kemparaju
| released = {{Film date|2019|10|02|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada Hindi English
| budget = ₹8 [[crore]]<ref name="the hindu" />
}}
'''''Mohandas''''' is an Indian [[biographical film]] about the childhood of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. It is written and directed by nine-time [[National Film Award]] winner [[P. Sheshadri]] and was made in two languages simultaneously, Hindi and Kannada.<ref name="the hindu">{{cite news |last1=Khajane |first1=Muralidhara |title='Mohandasa': a trilingual to mark the 150th birth anniversary of Gandhiji |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-p-sheshadris-film-mohanadasa-will-be-a-trilingual/article28644989.ece |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=22 July 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="times of india">{{cite web |last1=Suresh |first1=Sunayana |title=Anant Mahadevan plays Karamchand Gandhi in a trilingual film - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/anant-mahadevan-plays-karamchand-gandhi-in-a-trilingual-film/articleshow/70303082.cms |website=The Times of India |accessdate=17 October 2019 |date=20 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

It is partially based on [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] winning Kannada writer [[Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi]]'s book ''Papu Gandhi, Bapu Gandhi Aada Kathe: The Story of Mahatma Gandhi'' and ''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth]]'', the autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi. The film covers the events of Gandhi's childhood from the ages of 6 to 14. The cast includes Param Swamy playing Gandhi as a child and Samarth Hombal playing Gandhi as a teenager. [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]] plays Gandhi's mother Putlibai<ref name="the hindu" /> and [[Anant Mahadevan]] plays his father [[Karamchand Gandhi]].<ref name="times of india" /> Other cast members include Shriram H. R., Abhayankar Bellur, Surya, Mata Koppala, Deepa Ravishankar and Nandini Vittal. Veteran actor [[H. G. Dattatreya]] appears in a [[Cameo appearance|cameo]].

At the [[2019 Karnataka State Film Awards|54th Karnataka State Film Awards]], organized by [[Karnataka Government]], the film won the maximum (4) awards including [[Karnataka State Film Award for First Best Film|Best Film]], [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] and [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/karnataka-state-film-awards-2019-sudeep-wins-best-actor-award-p-sheshadris-mohandas-best-film-3368199|title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2019: Sudeep wins best actor award, P Sheshadri's 'Mohandas' best film|website=Deccan Herald|accessdate=22 January 2025}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
"Mohandas" is a children's film that explores the childhood of Mahatma Gandhi. Spanning over six years until his adolescence, it depicts the important events that shaped him into the world renown personality that he eventually became.

Known affectionately as Monia, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born into a privileged family to a father who was a Minister and a mother who nurtured conservative values.

His childhood was witness to an India under oppressive rule by the British Raj. But this was not the concern of a young Mohandas.

Instead, as a child he was deeply influenced by the stories of Shravana and Sathya Harishchandra, two Indian mythological figures. He learned about devotion to his parents from one and devotion to Truth from the other.

As Mohandas approaches adolescence, this devotion is constantly tested. Being impressionable, he falls prey to temptations and begins to lie to his parents about them. He develops a habit of smoking cigarettes, he steals money, and eats meat, which is against the values of his family.

He is deeply conflicted about his actions. He finally reaches a breaking point due to an incident involving his older brother, Karsandas.

Unable to accept his misdeeds and wracked with guilt, he writes a letter to his father confessing his wrongdoings. His father's reaction ends up teaching him a very important lesson that the young Mohandas carries with him for the rest of his life.

==Cast==
* Samarth Hombal as [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]] (age 14)
:*Param Swamy as a younger Mohandas (age 7)
* [[Anant Mahadevan]] as [[Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi|Karamchand Gandhi]]
* [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]] as Putlibai
* Shriram H. R. as Karsandas Gandhi
* Abhayankar Bellur as Madhavlal
* Surya as Sheikh Mehtab
* Deepa Ravishakar as Rambha
* Mata Koppala as Ramu Kaka
* Nandini Vittal as prostitute
* [[H. G. Dattatreya]] as [[bioscope show]]man

==Production==

===Screenplay===
According to the film's director, P. Sheshadri, one of the major inspirations for taking up this project was because he thought that Gandhi has been "relegated to a few pages in a textbook" and a [[Gandhi Jayanthi|holiday]] once a year. He felt a film could be an "effective medium to reach young minds."<ref name="the week">{{cite web |last1=Nandakumar |first1=Prathima |title=Finding 'Mohandas': A filmmaker's attempt to capture childhood of Gandhi |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2019/06/27/Finding-Mohandas-A-filmmaker-attempt-to-capture-childhood-of-Gandhi.html |website=The Week |accessdate=17 October 2019 |language=en |date=22 June 2019}}</ref>

Sheshadri first came upon the book ''Papu Gandhi, Bapu Gandhi Aada Kathe: The Story of Mahatma Gandhi'' by Kannada writer [[Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi]] which inspired him to make the film.<ref name="the hindu" /> He felt this was a story that was relevant for children and parents all around the world.<ref name="the hindu" /><ref name="the week" /> The screenplay is also partially based on this book.<ref name="the hindu" /><ref name="the week" /> Another source was Gandhi's own autobiography.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

===Filming===
A major portion of the film has been shot in Porbandar and Rajkot, including the ancestral home of the Gandhi family where Mahatma Gandhi was born and raised. Other scenes have been filmed in and around Bengaluru.<ref name="the hindu" />

The film is being shot in two languages, Kannada and Hindi since Sheshadri intends for this story to reach a wider audience.<ref name="the week" />

==Release==
The film was released on 2 October 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.<ref name="the week" />

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.psheshadri.com/mohandas-2/}}

{{P. Sheshadri|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Sheshadri]]
[[Category:2019 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]

Hudugaru

2026-03-03T21:25:12Z

Akash Arora: fixed details further

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hudugaru
| image = Hudugaru_Kannada_Film_Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = K Madesh
| based_on = ''[[Naadodigal]]'' (Tamil) by [[Samuthirakani]]
| producer = [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]
| screenplay = K Madesh
| story = [[Samuthirakani]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Puneeth Rajkumar]]|[[Srinagar Kitty]]|[[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]]|[[Radhika Pandit]]}}
| music = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cinematography = [[Satya Hegde]]
| editing = Deepu S. Kumar
| studio = Chakreshwari Combines
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|05|05}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = ₹ 9 crores <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/top-earning-kannada-movies-of-2011/articleshow/21446749.cms|title = Top earning Kannada movies of 2011}}</ref>
}}
'''''Hudugaru''''' ({{translation}} Boys) is a 2011 Kannada-language drama film directed by K. Madesh, starring [[Puneeth Rajkumar]], [[Srinagar Kitty]], [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]] and [[Radhika Pandit]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/522177/an-actress-nature.html |title=An actress by nature |date=2016-01-09 |website=Deccan Herald |location=India |access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/2011-success-rate-of-kannada-films-increased-432387.html |title=2011: Success rate of Kannada films increased |website=News18 |date=29 December 2011 |location=India |access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref> The film, which is a remake of the successful 2009 Tamil film ''[[Naadodigal]]'', was produced by Parvathamma Rajkumar, with [[V. Harikrishna]] having composed the soundtrack and Satya Hegde was the cinematographer. The film released on 5 May 2011 and performed well at the box office.

The film earned Puneeth Rajkumar [[Filmfare]] and [[SIIMA]] Best Actor Award in Kannada.

==Plot==
The plot focuses on a trio who attempt to unite their friend with his lover against the wishes of all families involved, and at a heavy cost to themselves, only to realize that the lovers separate after a short while.
Three youths – Prabhu, Chandru, and Siddesh (Puneeth Rajakumar, Srinagara Kitty and Yogesh respectively) aspiring for government jobs, and to settle in Dubai are struck with bad luck in life when Sudhir (Vishal Hegde), a best friend of Prabhu falls in love with the daughter of a business tycoon.{{clarify|date=January 2014}}

Prabhu decides to kidnap the businessman's daughter with his close friends Chandru and Siddesh, so that his friend Sudhir (son of former MP) is happy. While kidnapping her, things go badly for the three friends - Prabhu gets hit badly on his forehead, Chandru loses his right leg and Siddesh becomes deaf.

It is not just those mishaps in the life of the trio. Their destiny is very bad when they are back in their native place. Prabhu loses his love for someone, Siddesh is sent out from the home, Chandru losing a leg finds Pavitra (Prabhu's sister) as a life partner.

The story takes an interesting turn when Sudhir's marriage breaks out in a quarrel between Sudhir and Sushma. The three return to the same place where they were brutally wounded and question the lovers about their separation.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] as Prabhu
* [[Srinagar Kitty]] as Chandru
* [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]] as Siddesh
* [[Radhika Pandit]] as Gayathri
* [[Abhinaya (actress)|Abhinaya]] as Pavithra
* Vishal Hegde as Sudhir
* [[Ramya Barna]] as Sushma
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Kodanda
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Chinthamani, Social Worker
* [[Avinash (Kannada actor)|Avinash]] as Businessman Paramashiva murthy
* Shivarudra Naik
* Vanitha Vasu as Sudhir's mother
* [[Srinivas Prabhu]] as Nataraj
* Gururaj Hoskote
* Shanthamma
* [[Tabla Nani]]
* Venkata Ram
* Krishna Adiga
* Asharani
* Honnavalli Shrikanth
* [[Sudha Belawadi]]
* [[Shefali Zariwala]] as Pankaja ([[item number]] "Naa Board Irada Bus")
* [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Krishna]] as Prabhu's friend (uncredited)
}}

==Release==
The film released on 5 May 2011 in around 130 plus cinema screens all over Karnataka.

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Hudugru
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = May 5, 2011
| recorded = 2011
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 27:40
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|VXVpBJ7w6XM|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

[[V. Harikrishna]]'s music for the movie have been widely appreciated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/hudugru-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/996661058|title=Hudugru (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP|date=2011|work=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=5 April 2025}}</ref> The lyrics are written by [[Jayanth Kaikini]], [[Yogaraj Bhat]] and [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]. The song "Sambo Siva" from the original Tamil film was retained.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Naa Boardu Irada Bus (Pankaja)
| extra1 = [[V. Harikrishna]], [[Mamta Sharma]], Naveen Madhav
| lyrics1 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| length1 =

| title2 = Neeralli Sanna Ale
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Sunitha Upadrashta]]
| lyrics2 = [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| length2 =

| title3 = Yen Chandane Hudugi
| extra3 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Kailash Kher]], [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Priya Himesh]]
| lyrics3 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| length3 =

| title4 = Shambo Shiva Shambo
| extra4 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| lyrics4 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| length4 =

| title5 = Neeralli Sanna Ale
| extra5 = [[Sunitha Upadrashta]]
| lyrics5 = [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| length5 =
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

Shruti Indira Lakshminarayana from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and says "Radhika Pandit plays a small yet significant role. She is expressive in emotional scenes. Abhinaya, who was part of Nadodigal, does a neat job here. Rangayana Raghu is as good as he can get. Sadhu Kokhila does a decent job too. Hudugaru largely remains faithful to the original. Yet it is a one time watch. More so if you haven't watched the original".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-hudugaru/20110506.htm|title=Review: Hudugaru remains faithful to the original|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=6 May 2011}}</ref> A critic from [[The Times of India]] scored the film at 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "Puneet Rajkumar has displayed an excellent performance, especially in the climax. Srinagara Kitty and Rangayana Raghu have breathed life into their characters. It's Yogesh who walks away with praise for an extraordinary performance. Radhika Pandit and Ramya Barna are impressive. Guruprasad's dialogues and Sathya Hegde's cinematography too deserve praise. The film also has some catchy tunes by V Harikrishna".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/hudugaru/movie-review/8194960.cms?from=mdr|title=HUDUGARU MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2016}}</ref> B S Srivani from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "As this is Puneet’s home production, vulgarity is kept at bay - the ‘item song’ is presented well. Hudugru is a chak-a-chak movie offering entertainment with a message. Whether these hudugru manage to impress friends and lovers remains to be seen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/159554/hudugru.html|title=Hudugru|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=6 May 2011}}</ref> A critic from [[Bangalore Mirror]] wrote "But it is not easy to convey the same intensity that the writer intended. Each re-telling dilutes the story, despite its best intentions. Even if making money is the prime motive, the paying audience at least gets the value for what they pay".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/hudugaru-gained-in-transition/articleshow/21595036.cms|title=Hudugaru: Gained in transition|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=23 May 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt5612402}}
{{Naadodigal}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chitradurga]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]
[[Category:Indian buddy drama films]]
[[Category:2011 masala films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:2011 action drama films]]
[[Category:2010s buddy drama films]]

Vaa Magale Vaa

2026-03-03T04:55:46Z

Akash Arora: new the article needs work - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaa Magale Vaa
| image = Vaa Magale Vaa.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Visu]]
| screenplay = Visu
| based_on = {{based on|''Mounam Kalaikirathu''|Sornavel}}
| producer = N. Ramasamy
| starring = {{ubl|[[Visu]]|[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]|[[Rekha Harris|Rekha]]|Veera Pandiyan}}
| cinematography = N. Balakrishnan
| editing = Ganesh Kumar
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| distributor =
| studio = [[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|05|13}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vaa Magale Vaa''''' ({{translation|Come daughter, come}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by [[Visu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=RS |first=Anand Kumar |date=24 March 2020 |title=Remembering Visu, the king of the middle-class family drama |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/remembering-visu-king-middle-class-family-drama-121034 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322040821/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/remembering-visu-king-middle-class-family-drama-121034 |archive-date=22 March 2021 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The film stars Visu, [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]] and Veera Pandiyan, with [[Delhi Ganesh]], [[Charle]], [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]], [[T. P. Gajendran]] and T. S. Balachander playing supporting roles. Based on the play ''[[Mounam Kalaikirathu]]'' ({{translation|Silence is fading}}) by Sornavel, it was released on 13 May 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=vaa magale vaa ( 1994 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/films/cast/newfilmdb/vaa%20magale%20vaa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217162548/http://www.cinesouth.com/films/cast/newfilmdb/vaa%20magale%20vaa.html |archive-date=17 December 2004 |access-date=2 October 2016 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=வா மகளே வா / Vaa Magale Vaa (1994) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/vaa-magale-vaa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314073627/https://screen4screen.com/movies/vaa-magale-vaa |archive-date=14 March 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language=}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=July 2023}}
Uma, a lawyer, is the daughter of the retired judge Viswanathan. He treasures her a lot and treats his maids as his friends. Uma reveals that she fell in [[love at first sight]] with Pandiyan during college. Pandiyan, who reciprocates the feeling, is now a police officer but he fears his very strict father Sankar Raman. Both families agree to their wedding.

Uma sees a man behind the bar when she visits her lover at the police station one day. Although she believes he is innocent, Pandiyan won't release him because he is the prime suspect in a murder. Raman, a hapless TV mechanic, is the accused. Uma becomes his lawyer and makes him released on bail. Uma begins her investigation, soon she starts to suspect her father Viswanathan's conduct first and later his morality. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==

{{cast listing|
*[[Visu]] as Viswanathan
*[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] as Uma
*[[Rekha Harris|Rekha]] as Kalyani
*Veera Pandiyan as Pandiyan
*[[Delhi Ganesh]] as Mahadeva Iyer
*[[Charle]] as Raman
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Amarnath
*[[T. P. Gajendran]] as Muthu
*T. S. Balachander as Sankar Raman
*[[Kullamani]] as Kullan
*Manager Cheena
*Ambi as Shankar Raman
*[[P. R. Varalakshmi]] as Saraswathi
*Kavithasri
*[[Shanmugasundari]] as Kullan's mother
*Sumathisri as Anjala
*[[Kovai Senthil]]
*[[Pandiyan (actor)|Pandiyan]] in a guest appearance
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Bhujanga Rao (guest appearance)
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] in a guest appearance
}}

== Production ==
''Vaa Magale Vaa'' was adapted from the play ''Mounam Kalaikirathu'' by Karaikudi Sornavel.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Vaa Magale Vaa |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]] |year=1994 |time=0:41 to 0:44 |time-caption=From}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]], with lyrics written by [[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senthamil Selvan / Vaa magale vaa |url=https://avdigital.in/products/senthamil-selvan-vaa-magale-vaa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302023110/https://avdigital.in/products/senthamil-selvan-vaa-magale-vaa |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=AVDigital}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Length
|-
| "Isai Yaavum" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Suresh Peters]] || 5:50
|-
| "Raakozhi Rangamma" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Malgudi Subha]] || 4:33
|-
| "Ayya En" || [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || 4:30
|-
| "Neela Vizhi" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Swarnalatha]] || 4:24
|-
| "Veenai Vandhathu" || K. S. Chithra || 4:04
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Visu}}

[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s legal thriller films]]
[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Visu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Visu]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian legal thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Adiyae

2026-03-03T02:31:54Z

Akash Arora: minor adjusted structure as per guidelines and corrected details per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Adiyae poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vignesh Karthick]]
| screenplay = {{Ubl| Vignesh Karthick| Kishore Sankar}}
| producer = Prabha Premkumar
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
* [[Gouri G. Kishan]]
}}
| cinematography = Gokul Benoy
| editing = Muthayan U
| music = [[Justin Prabhakaran]]
| studio = Maali & Manvi Movie Makers
| released = {{film date|2023|8|25|df=yes}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Adiyae''''' ({{Translation|Hey, girl!}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Science fiction film|science fiction]] [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[Vignesh Karthick]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2023 |title=GV Prakash's Adiyae is a sci-fi rom-com |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/27/gv-prakashs-adiyae-is-a-sci-fi-rom-com-42747.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508055444/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/27/gv-prakashs-adiyae-is-a-sci-fi-rom-com-42747.html |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film stars [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] and [[Gouri G. Kishan]] with [[Venkat Prabhu]], Mirchi Vijay, Madumkesh and others in supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Justin Prabhakaran]], with cinematography done by Gokul Benoy. The title of the film is taken from the song "Adiye" from the G. V. Prakash Kumar-starrer ''[[Bachelor (2021 film)|Bachelor]]''.

The film was released theatrically on 25 August 2023. It received positive reviews from critics and audiences, and became a hit at the box office.

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=October 2024}}
Jeeva has been in love with Senthaazhini since school days. Years later, Senthaazhini is a renowned singer, while Jeeva is an ordinary man who is still in love with Senthaazhini but has not disclosed it yet. One day he gets transported to a parallel universe, where he is an accomplished musician and Senthaazhini is his wife. His trip to the parallel universe reverts after a predetermined period. Jeeva goes back to the parallel universe to be with Senthaazhini but eventually comes back to his home universe. How Jeeva resolves his love story in reality forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
* [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] as Jeeva
** Prakash Kumar also portrays Arjun Prabhakaran, a parallel universe variant
* [[Gouri G. Kishan]] as Senthaazhini
* [[Venkat Prabhu]] in a [[dual role]] as
** Scientist GK
** [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] (parallel universe)
* Mirchi Vijay as Wasim Akram
** as Waqar Younis (parallel universe)
* Madumkesh as Michael
* Swetha Venugopal as Sandhya
* [[Vignesh Karthick]] in a cameo appearance as [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] in Gautham Vasudev Menon's ''[[Yohan: Adhyayam Ondru]]'' (parallel universe)

== Production ==
The film was directed by [[Vignesh Karthick]], who earlier directed the films ''[[Yenda Thalaiyila Yenna Vekkala]]'' and ''[[Thittam Irandu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2022 |title=GV Prakash's next, Adiye; to be helmed by Thittam Irandu director |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/oct/17/gv-prakashs-next-adiye-to-be-helmed-by-thittam-irandu-director-35717.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426154723/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/oct/17/gv-prakashs-next-adiye-to-be-helmed-by-thittam-irandu-director-35717.html |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was produced by Prabha Premkumar under the banner of Maali & Manvi Movie Makers. The cinematography was by cinematographer Gokul Benoy. The film's editing was handled by Muthayan U.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2023 |title=GV Prakash's 'Adiyae' is a sci-fi rom-com |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/apr/27/gv-prakashs-adiyae-is-a-sci-fi-rom-com-2569702.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508055445/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/apr/27/gv-prakashs-adiyae-is-a-sci-fi-rom-com-2569702.html |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The motion poster for the film was released on 26 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2023 |title='Adiyae' motion poster: GV Prakash Kumar's film teases Vijay, Ajith, Seeman, Vishal, and other Kollywood stars |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/adiyae-motion-poster-gv-prakash-kumars-film-teases-vijay-ajith-seeman-vishal-and-other-kollywood-stars/articleshow/99807055.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518065433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/adiyae-motion-poster-gv-prakash-kumars-film-teases-vijay-ajith-seeman-vishal-and-other-kollywood-stars/articleshow/99807055.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=18 May 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The trailer was released on 8 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2023 |title='அடியே' வழக்கமான படமல்ல: ஜி.வி.பிரகாஷ் தகவல் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1089220-adiye-audio-and-trailer-launch.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811012043/https://www.hindutamil.in/amp/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1089220-adiye-audio-and-trailer-launch.html |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2023 |title='Adiye' trailer: GV Prakash Kumar and Gouri Kishan team up for a multiversal love story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/adiye-trailer-gv-prakash-kumar-and-gouri-kishan-team-up-for-a-multiversal-love-story/article67171938.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810150337/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/adiye-trailer-gv-prakash-kumar-and-gouri-kishan-team-up-for-a-multiversal-love-story/article67171938.ece/amp/ |archive-date=10 August 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Justin Prabhakaran]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Second single from Adiyae to release on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jul/07/second-single-from-adiyae-to-release-on-this-date-45367.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708185147/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jul/07/second-single-from-adiyae-to-release-on-this-date-45367.html |archive-date=8 July 2023 |access-date=8 July 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Adiyae
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Justin Prabhakaran]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded = 2023
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:44
| language = Tamil
| label = [[Think Music]]
| producer = [[Justin Prabhakaran]]
| prev_title = [[Farhana (film)|Farhana]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title = [[Irugapatru]]
| next_year = 2023
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|sxxPswpiEes|Adiyae – Jukebox}}}}
}}
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Vaa Senthaazhini
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| lyrics1 = Bhagavathy P. K.
| length1 = 4:12
| title2 = Mudhal Kaadhal
| extra2 = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| lyrics2 = Bhagavathy P. K.
| length2 = 3:50
| title3 = Mutta Cutie
| extra3 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| lyrics3 = Maathevan
| length3 = 4:29
| title4 = Ullukulla Theekaadu
| length4 = 3:31
| lyrics4 = Maathevan
| extra4 = Romy, [[Super Singer 10|Padmaja Srinivasan]]
| title5 = Multiverse of Adiyae
| length5 = 1:24
| lyrics5 = MC Vickey
| extra5 = Justin Prabhakaran, MC Vickey
| title6 = Kaadhale
| length6 = 4:18
| lyrics6 = Bagavathy P. K.
| extra6 = M. S. Krsna, [[Kapil Kapilan]]
| total_length = 21:44
}}

== Critical reception ==

''Adiyae'' received positive reviews from critics, praising the lead cast's performance (especially Prakash, Gouri and Venkat's), narration, screenplay and Justin's music.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2023 |title='Adiyae' Twitter Review: Netizens hail the GV Prakash starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/adiyae-twitter-review-netizens-hail-the-gv-prakash-starrer/articleshow/103058555.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901193023/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/adiyae-twitter-review-netizens-hail-the-gv-prakash-starrer/articleshow/103058555.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=1 September 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 and wrote "While Adiyae may share some traits with time travel films of the past, the film's engaging narrative, strong performances, and skillful incorporation of alternate reality elements make it a worthwhile watch."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=25 August 2023 |title=Adiyae Movie Review : GV Prakash and Gouri G Kishan shine in an inventive sci-fi romance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/adiyae/movie-review/103064054.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830061131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/adiyae/movie-review/103064054.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''[[Virakesari]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5 and wrote that it is commendable that the director has cleverly described the alternate reality through the character of Venkat Prabhu at a time when the audience is confused about the story of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2023 |title=திரை விமர்சனம் - அடியே |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/163182 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825121402/https://www.virakesari.lk/article/163182 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[Virakesari]] |language=ta}}</ref> Pachi Avudayappan of ''[[ABP Nadu]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 and wrote that even if a little is not understood, the whole picture will be confused. Similarly, the alternating scenes make the audience question.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஆவுடையப்பன் |first=பேச்சி |date=25 August 2023 |title=Adiyae Movie Review: 'என்னங்க படம் இது' .. டைம் டிராவலில் சிக்கிய ஜி.வி.பிரகாஷ்.. 'அடியே' பட விமர்சனம் இதோ..! |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-movie-review-adiyae-review-in-tamil-starring-gv-prakash-kumar-gouri-kishan-adiyae-review-rating-how-is-movie-136925 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825052043/https://tamil.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-movie-review-adiyae-review-in-tamil-starring-gv-prakash-kumar-gouri-kishan-adiyae-review-rating-how-is-movie-136925 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' gave the film a mixed review.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2023 |title=அடியே விமர்சனம்: மல்டிவெர்ஸ், ஆல்டர்நேட் ரியாலிட்டியில் காதல் கதை! 'அடியே' அடி வாங்காமல் தப்பித்ததா? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/adiyae-movie-review-how-is-the-multiverse-and-alternate-attempt-of-tamil-cinema |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825122246/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/adiyae-movie-review-how-is-the-multiverse-and-alternate-attempt-of-tamil-cinema |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Vignesh Karthick}}

[[Category:2020s science fiction comedy films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about parallel universes]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vignesh Karthick]]
[[Category:Films scored by Justin Prabhakaran]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction romance films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language science fiction comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language science fiction romance films]]

Main Aur Charles

2026-03-02T10:04:54Z

Akash Arora: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Main Aur Charles
| image = File:Main-aur-charles.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Prawaal Raman]]
| producer = Raju Chadha Amit Kapoor Vikram Khakhar
| writer = Prawaal Raman
| story = Prawaal Raman
| screenplay = Prawaal Raman
| cinematography = Anuj Rakesh Dhawan
| editing = Nipun Ashok Gupta
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Randeep Hooda]]|[[Adil Hussain]]|[[Richa Chadda]]|[[Tisca Chopra]]|[[Alexx O'Nell]]}}
| studio = Wave Cinemas Cynozure Networkz
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|10|30|India}}
| country = India
| runtime = 121 minutes
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|100 million}}<ref name="BOI">{{cite web |title=Main Aur Charles - Movie |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3112 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=24 April 2022}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|80 million}}<ref name="BOI"/>
}}

'''''Main aur Charles''''' ({{translation|Me and Charles}}) is a 2015 [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] [[crime film]] written and directed by [[Prawaal Raman]] and produced by Cynozure Networkz.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/main-aur-charles-review-randeep-hooda-kills-it-film-based-notorious-bikini-killer-1526445|title=Main Aur Charles review: Randeep Hooda kills it in film based on the notorious Bikini Killer|first=Arjun |last=Varma|work=[[International Business Times]] UK|date=30 October 2015|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/main-aur-charles-review-randeep-hooda-as-sobraj-is-thrilling-and-seductive-just-like-the-film-2488886.html|title=Main Aur Charles review: Randeep Hooda is seductive as the deadly Charles Sobhraj|work=Showsha|publisher=Firstpost|date=2 November 2015|accessdate=20 March 2018|last=Gauri|first=Gayatri}}</ref> The film is a fictitious thriller inspired by true events; it is told from the perspective of the Indian cop, [[Amod Kanth]], who handled the case of the Indian Origin French [[serial killer]] [[Charles Sobhraj]] who was known as the bikini killer. The film opened on 30 October 2015 to positive reviews across India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Main-Aur-Charles/movie-review/49584906.cms|title=Main Aur Charles Movie Review|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|last=Iyer|first=Meena|date=17 December 2015|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref name=Rediff>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-main-aur-charles-is-a-cool-compelling-winner/20151030.htm|title=Review: Main Aur Charles is a cool, compelling, winner|date=30 October 2015|work=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]|last=Sen |first=Raja |accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/main-aur-charles---movie-review/16643160|title='Main Aur Charles' - Movie Review|date=2 November 2015|work=[[Mid-Day]]|publisher=Mid-Day Infomedia|accessdate=20 March 2018|last=Shetty-Saha |first=Shubha}}</ref> However, it was a [[box office flop]], grossing {{INRConvert|80|m|year=2015|mode=historical}} against a {{INRConvert|100|m|year=2015|mode=historical}} budget.<ref name="BOI"/>

The film stars [[Randeep Hooda]],<ref>{{cite news|title=First Look: Randeep Hooda plays Charles Sobhraj in 'Main Aur Charles'|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/first-look-randeep-hooda-plays-charles-sobhraj-in-main-aur-charles-663694.html|accessdate=20 March 2018|work=[[News18]]|publisher=[[Network 18]]|date=23 January 2014|last=Singh|first=Preeti}}</ref> [[Richa Chadda]], [[Adil Hussain]], [[Tisca Chopra]], and [[Alexx O'Nell]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Main Aur Charles'' Movie Review|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/main-aur-charles-movie-review-1196|work=[[NDTV]]|publisher=NDTV Convergence|accessdate=20 March 2018|date=26 February 2016|last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal}}</ref> Through the narrative, we see a series of crimes committed by Charles and the story of each of his victims, who fell for his charisma but were betrayed by his serpentine nature. The man not just escaped several high security jails but also manipulated the legal system. In the title, ''Main aur Charles'', the word 'Main' means 'me' and stands for the character of Amod Kanth.<ref name=Rediff/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-main-aur-charles-11036.html|title=Movie Review: Main Aur Charles|work=[[Filmfare]]|publisher=Worldwide Media|last=Gupta|first=Rachit|date=30 October 2015|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> The film was warmly accepted in the trade for its impeccable direction, casting and background score. Apart from these technicalities, the film has satisfied critics creatively with fine performances by Hooda, Chadha and Hussain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belvoireagle.com/entertainment/main-aur-charles-movie-review-rating-box-office-collections-6212.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031053540/http://www.belvoireagle.com/entertainment/main-aur-charles-movie-review-rating-box-office-collections-6212.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-10-31|title=Main Aur Charles Movie Review Rating Box Office Collections Ft. Randeep Hooda, Richa Chadda|work=Belvoir Eagle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.absoluteindianews.com/post.php?id=5488|title=Main Aur Charles movie review|work=Absolute India News|publisher=AVS News Connect|last=Shah|first=Kunal M|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032505/https://www.absoluteindianews.com/post.php?id=5488|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.desimartini.com/reviews/smita-vyas-kumar-main-aur-charles/rd31580md4367.htm|title=Hum tum ek kamre main bandh ho aur story kho jaye|first=Smita Vyas |last=Kumar|work=Desimartini|publisher=Top Movies Entertainment|accessdate=20 March 2018|date=31 October 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Unreferenced section|find=Main Aur Charles|date=January 2023}}
{{div col}}
* [[Randeep Hooda]] - [[Charles Sobhraj|Hatchand Bhaonani Gurumukh Charles Sobhraj]] / Zubin Pratap
* [[Richa Chaddha]] - Mira Sharma (Charles's girl friend)
* [[Adil Hussain]] - [[Amod Kanth]]
* [[Alexx O'Nell]] - Richard Thomas
* [[Lucky Morani]] - Dr. Ashima Mehra (criminal psychologist)
* [[Mandana Karimi]] - Liz (Charles's girl friend)
* Shaanti - Princess Malvika
* [[Dijana Dejanovic]] - Charles's Lawyer
* [[Vipin Sharma]] - Satender Kumar (Jailor)
* [[Tisca Chopra]] - Reena (Amod Kanths' wife)
* [[Kanika Kapoor]] - Special appearance as bar singer
* [[Anastasia Fullfina]] - Andrea (Charles's girl friend)
* [[Nandu Madhav]] - Inspector Sudhakar Zhende
* [[Saurabh Sarkar]]- Bajrangi Babu
* [[Sandeep Punia]] - Satpal Punia
* [[Satyakam Gupta]] - Rajan Ahuja
* [[Shanu Dev]] - Mr.Joshi (Investigating Officer)
* [[Abhiskek Diwan]] - Hemant
{{div col end}}
* Judge - M.L CHAUHAN(IAS)

== Production ==
{{Unreferenced section|find=Main Aur Charles|date=January 2023}}
The film was shot in [[Delhi]], [[Goa]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pattaya]], and [[Udaipur]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-10-31 |title=How `Main Aur Charles' tapped into the untapped locations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/how-main-aur-charles-tapped-into-the-untapped-locations/articleshow/49606192.cms |access-date=2024-11-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Unreferenced section|find=Main Aur Charles|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Main Aur Charles
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Vipin Patwa, Aditya Trivedi, Bally Grunge and Sanjeev-Darshan
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2015|10|15}}
| genre =
| length = {{Duration|m=29|s=07}}
| label = T-Series
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The music for ''Main Aur Charles'' is composed by Vipin Patwa, Aditya Trivedi, Bally Grunge and [[Sanjeev–Darshan]]. The full audio album was released on 15 October 2015. The [[Music licensing|music rights]] are acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].

The song 'Jab Chaaye mera jaadoo' is originally from the movie Lootmaar (1980).

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Neeli Bullet
| length1 = 03:41
| lyrics1 = [[Kartik Chaudhry]]
| extra1 = Aditya Trivedi
| title2= Woh Tho Yahin Hai Lekin
| length2= 02:51
| lyrics2 = Dr. Sagar
| extra2= [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| title3= Ya Rabba
| length3= 04:07
| lyrics3 = Rohan Moktali
| extra3= Saugat Upadhaya
| title4= Dekhe Meri Aankhon Mein Jo
| length4= 03:36
| lyrics4 = [[Kartik Chaudhry]]
| extra4= [[Saba Azad]]
| title5= Jee Lo Yaaron
| length5= 03:43
| lyrics5 = Bally Grunge
| extra5= Saugat Upadhaya
| title6= Main To Yahin Hoon Lekin
| length6= 02:39
| lyrics6 = Dr Sager
| extra6= Ali Azmat
| title7= Theme of Charles
| length7= 03:36
| lyrics7 = Aditya Trivedi
| extra7= Aditya Trivedi
| title8= Jab Chaye Mera Jadoo
| length8= 04:54
| lyrics8 = Ikram Basra
| extra8= [[Kanika Kapoor]]
| total_length ={{Duration|m=29|s=07}}
}}

==Reception==
[[Shubhra Gupta]] for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated 1 star out of 5 and wrote "The film should have been riveting. But it comes off as a slapdash, confused collage of scenes involving the famous jail break in which the real life Sobhraj broke free with several prisoners: it was the kind of astoundingly brazen 'kaand' whose reverberations were felt in the system for a long time."<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |title=Main Aur Charles movie review: Randeep Hooda needed a better film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/main-aur-charles-review/ |url-access=limited |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=30 October 2015 |language=en}}{{rating|1|5}}</ref> Sweta Kaushal for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "The film does not just fail, it crashes miserably."<ref>{{cite news |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |title=Main Aur Charles review: This film is too confused |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/main-aur-charles-review-let-this-slithery-serpent-slip-by/story-ZH1yZjfGCBiZLBjpxQ4RlN.html |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=30 October 2015 |language=en}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath for ''[[Scroll.in]]'' wrote "The brazen fun that Charles and his cohorts are having is contrasted with the routine police work by Adil Hussain's overly loud and morally outraged cop. Hussain's outrage at Charles seems to be the result of envy."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title=Film review: Randeep Hooda nails it in 'Main Aur Charles', but the rest is off the mark |url=https://scroll.in/reel/765856/film-review-randeep-hooda-nails-it-in-main-aur-charles-but-the-rest-is-off-the-mark |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> On [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds an approval rating of 33% based on 6 reviews, and an average rating of 5/10.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/main_aur_charles |title=Main Aur Charles (2015) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |accessdate=March 20, 2018}}</ref> Rachit Gupta for ''[[Filmfare]]'' wrote "Main Aur Charles is also a period film. But most of it takes place on beaches in Goa, courtrooms and jails. Locations that haven't really changed in the past 30 odd years. So the only place that you actually get to see a simulated sense of the ‘70s and ‘80s is the fashion."<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rachit |title=Movie Review: Main Aur Charles |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-main-aur-charles-11036.html |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=December 24, 2015 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|4024944}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vipin Patwa]]
[[Category:Indian erotic thriller films]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:2010s avant-garde and experimental films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Goa Police]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thailand]]
[[Category:2015 crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about serial killers]]
[[Category:Biographical films about fraudsters]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of French people]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of serial killers]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of fraudsters]]
[[Category:Films directed by Prawaal Raman]]

St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Sulthan Bathery

2026-02-22T20:20:29Z

Akash Arora: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Sulthan Bathery
| image = St_Joseph's_school.jpg
| caption =
| motto = Lighten to Lighten
| address = Ooty Road, Sulthan Bathery, Wayanad
| city = [[Sultan Bathery]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| postal_code = 673592
| coordinates = {{Coord|11.663237|N|76.271131|E|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = Christianity
| patron = Most. Rev. Dr. Joseph Mar Thomas
| founder = Late Moran Mor Cyril Baseluos Catholicos
| established = 1977
| president =
| principal = Rev. Fr. George kodanor
| staff =
| enrollment =
| status = Open
| language = English
| sports = Cricket, Basketball, Football
| campus =
| type = Private -Unaided
| grades = Class 1- Class 12
| colours =
| campus_type = Day school
| campus_size =
| website = www.stjosephsehss.com
}}

'''St. Joseph's English-medium Higher Secondary School, Sulthan Bathery''' is a private [[coeducation]]al [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church|Malankara Catholic]] educational institution located in [[Sultan Bathery]], [[Wayanad district]], [[Kerala]].

St. Joseph's School was established in 1977 and administered by the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Bathery|Bishop of Bathery]], it is the first certified English school in Wayanad. It was recognised as a [[Education in India#Primary education|lower primary]] section in 1980, and as high school in 1984 with the addition of upper primary and high school divisions. In 2002, it became a higher secondary school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ST.JOSEPHS E.H.S.S BATHERY - Kuppady District Wayanad (Kerala) |url=https://schools.org.in/wayanad/32030201012/st-josephs-e-h-s-s-bathery.html |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools ist, Directorate of General Education, Government of Kerala |url=http://www.dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=12 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=www.dhsekerala.gov.in No.26}}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Education in Kerala|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Sulthan Bathery}}
[[Category:Catholic secondary schools in India]]
[[Category:Premonstratensian Order]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Kerala]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Kerala]]
[[Category:Schools in Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Kerala]]

{{Kerala-school-stub}}

Duraundha–Masrakh section

2026-02-20T11:24:15Z

Akash Arora: created initial stub added tags

{{Short description|Railway line in India}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = Duraundha–Masrakh section
| color =
| logo = North Eastern Railway Zone.svg
| logo_width = 100
| image = Duraundha Junction.jpg
| image_width =
| caption =
| other_name = Duraundha–Maharajganj line
| type = Passenger and freight train line
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Bihar]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Duraundha Junction}}
| end = {{stnlnk|Masrakh Junction}}
| stations = 8
| routes = * [[Barauni–Gorakhpur line]]
| daily_ridership =
| open = September 9, {{start date and age|2019}}
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]] [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Government of India]]
| operator = [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]]
| character =
| depot = [[Duraundha]] and [[Mashrakh]]
| stock = Diesel locos: [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]], [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]], WDS-5, [[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP-4]] and [[Indian locomotive class WDG-4|WDG-4]]
| linelength = {{convert|42|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracklength = 42.58 km<ref>{{cite web |title=FY - IR Book - 2018-19 |url=https://ircep.gov.in/files/IR-Year%20Book_2018-19.pdf |website=ircep.gov.in |publisher=Indian Railways |access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref>
| tracks = Single line (electrified)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electric Loco Holding |url=https://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html |access-date=29 May 2025 |website=Railnet}}</ref>
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| electrification = [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV 50 Hz AC]] [[Overhead line|OHLE]]<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web| url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-11899365.html| title=सपना साकार, अब फर्राटे भरेगी विद्युत ट्रेन| language=hi| website=Jagran.com| date=22 December 2014| trans-title=Realizing the dream, now the electric train will fill}}</ref>
| speed = up to 110 km/ h
| elevation = {{cvt|64.2|m}}
| website =
| map = {{Duraundha–Masrakh section|inline=y}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Duraundha–Masrakh section''' (formerly '''''Duraundha–Maharajganj line''''') is a railway line connecting {{stnlnk|Duraundha Junction}} to {{stnlnk|Masrakh Junction}} via [[Maharajganj, Siwan|Maharajganj]], Indian state of [[Bihar]]. The {{convert|42|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} line passes through the plains of [[North Bihar]] and the lakes in Bihar. It is section on [[Barauni–Gorakhpur line]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railways in Eastern India}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Railways in Bihar}}
{{Varanasi division topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duraundha-Masrakh section}}

[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:North Eastern Railway zone]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]

{{India-rail-transport-stub}}

Sheetal Maulik

2026-02-11T07:21:33Z

Akash Arora: new some pg initial version

{{short description|Indian television actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sheetal Maulik
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| othername =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| spouse = {{marriage|''Shaumik Maulik''|2005}}
| children = ''Shanaya Maulik'' (daughter)
| years_active = 2002–present
| occupation = Television [[Actress]]
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=3}}
}}

'''''Sheetal Maulik'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheetal-learns-to-drive-a-two-wheeler/articleshow/12559174.cms|title=Sheetal learns to drive a two-wheeler|date=2012-04-07|website=The Times Of India|language=en|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2012-10-09 |title=Sheetal Maulik of Gutur Gu fame pregnant! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheetal-maulik-of-gutur-gu-fame-pregnant/articleshow/16735815.cms |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2020-08-07 |title=Sheetal Maulik: Everybody wants some masala in daily soaps so I think I am providing just that |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheetal-maulik-everybody-wants-some-masala-in-daily-soaps-so-i-think-i-am-providing-just-that/articleshow/77419045.cms |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2020-08-13 |title=Aparna has a habit of sitting on my lap even though there is an empty chair for her: Sheetal Maulik on their friendship |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/aparna-has-a-habit-of-sitting-on-my-lap-even-though-there-is-an-empty-chair-for-her-sheetal-maulik-on-their-friendship/articleshow/77532981.cms |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2020-08-14 |title=Sheetal Maulik enjoys being bad on TV |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheetal-maulik-enjoys-being-bad-on-tv/articleshow/77543657.cms |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian television actress.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Kuni Mulgi Deta Ka Mulgi]]''
| Mohini
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
|-
| 2004
| ''Aakrosh''
|
|-
| 2005
| ''Akkad Bakkad Bambey Bo''
| Sheena
|-
| 2007–2008
| ''Sun Yaar Chill Maar''
| Diya
|-
| 2008–2009
| ''Aye Dil-E-Nadaan''
| Simran
|-
| 2009
| ''Bhootwala Serial''
| Riya
|-
| 2010
| ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]'' – Rahasyamayi Darwaza
| Dr. Sameera (Episode 620)
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]]''
| Dimple
|-
| 2010–2012; 2014
| ''[[Gutur Gu]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gutur-gu-indias-first-silent-comedy/articleshow/5640587.cms|title=Gutur Gu: India's first silent comedy|date=2010-03-05|website=The Times Of India|language=en|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011-12-24 |title=An x-mas surprise for Gutur Gu's cast |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/an-x-mas-surprise-for-gutur-guamp39s-cast/articleshow/11219011.cms |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011-03-12 |title=Fans love Gutur Gu cast |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/fans-love-gutur-gu-cast/articleshow/7679424.cms |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011-06-04 |title=Gutur Gu in Goa!!! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gutur-gu-in-goa/articleshow/8711674.cms |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref>
| Smita Balu Kumar
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar]]''
| Shantilakshmi
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2014
| ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]'' – Anu Malik Par Hamla
| Shruti (Episode 1075)
|-
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''
| Advocate Disha
|-
| 2015
| ''Zindagi Khatti Meethi''
| Meghmala Deeptiman Roy Choudhury
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey (TV series)|Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/gutur-gu-fame-sheetal-maulik-in-zee-tvs-next/2017/08/01|title=Gutur Gu fame Sheetal Maulik in Zee TV's next|date=2017-08-01|website=IWMBuzz Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref>
| Ambika Chauhan
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Qayamat Ki Raat]]''
| Mamata Sumeet Thakur
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/yeh-un-dinon-ki-baat-hai-sheetal-maulik-enter/2019/05/11|title=Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai: Sheetal Maulik to enter|date=2019-05-11|website=IWMBuzz Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref>
| Sejal Gadkari
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Pyaar Ki Luka Chuppi]]''
| Kalyani
|-
| 2020–2023
| ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/sheetal-maulik-bags-star-plus-show-ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin/2020/09/12|title=Sheetal Maulik bags Star Plus show Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin|date=2020-09-12|website=IWMBuzz Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref>
| rowspan = "2" | Sonali Omkar Chavan
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Ravivaar With Star Parivaar]]''
|-
| 2023–2024
| ''[[Barsatein – Mausam Pyaar Ka]]''
| Neeta Akash Khurana
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Suhaagan (TV series)|Suhaagan]]''
| Manju Sharma
|-
| 2024–2025
| ''[[Deewaniyat]]''
| Rani Hooda
|-
| rowspan="2"|2025
| ''[[Meri Bhavya Life]]''
| Priya Jaiswal
|-
| ''[[Kabhi Neem Neem Kabhi Shahad Shahad]]''
| Ambika Chandrakant Jindal
|-
|}

== Short films ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
|-
| 2021
| ''PEP Talks''
| Desperate Woman In Love
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm7479564}}
* [https://www.instagram.com/sheetalmaulik Sheetal Maulik] at [[Instagram]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maulik, Sheetal}}
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-tv-actor-stub}}

Tripura Risa Textile

2026-02-08T15:09:34Z

Akash Arora: new some article initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian traditional handwoven}}
'''Tripura Risa Textile''' or '''Risa Textile''' is a traditional handwoven cloth from [[Tripura]], [[India]], recently granted a [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication (GI) tag]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-03 |title=Tripura’s traditional tribal attire ‘risa’ gets GI tag: CM Manik Saha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tripura-traditional-attire-risa-gi-tag-manik-saha-9193575/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Details {{!}} Geographical Indications {{!}} Intellectual Property India |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/893 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414035130/https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/893 |archive-date=2024-04-14 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=search.ipindia.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
It is primarily woven by women using a loin loom, Risa is known for its vibrant colors and intricate designs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-03 |title=Tripura’s traditional indigenous attire ‘risa’ gets GI tag - Tripura Chronicle |url=https://tripurachronicle.in/local-news/tripuras-traditional-indigenous-attire-risa-gets-gi-tag/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> It holds significant cultural and social value within the Tripuri communities, serving as a female upper garment, headgear, stole, and a symbol of respect.<ref name=":0" /> The Risa Sormani ceremony, where adolescent girls receive their first Risa, marks a significant transition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tripura's handwoven cloth Risa gets GI tag, CM Manik Saha announces |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/tripura/tripuras-handwoven-cloth-risa-gets-gi-tag-cm-manik-saha-announces-2920193 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The GI tag protects the unique origin and craftsmanship of Tripura Risa Textile, promoting its preservation and sustainable development.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-07 |title=Tripura tribal attire risa to get GI tag: CM Biplab Kumar Deb |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/tripura/tripura-tribal-attire-risa-gi-tag-biplab-deb-7905610/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==References==

[[Category:Geographical indications in India| ]]
[[Category:Folk costumes]]
[[Category:Culture of India]]
<references />{{Textile-arts-stub}}

Anantrai Raval

2026-02-06T05:29:49Z

Akash Arora: typo fix

{{Short description|Indian Gujarati-language critic and editor (1912-1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anantrai Manishankar Raval
| image = AnantraiRavalPic.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1912|01|01}}
| birth_place = [[Amreli]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1988|11|18|1912|01|01}}
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1955)
* [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] (1970–74)
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1974)
}}
}}
'''Anantrai Manishankar Raval''' (1 January 1912 – 18 November 1988) was a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] critic and editor from India. Born and studied in [[Amreli]], he worked briefly with a daily. He taught at several colleges before joining government as a director of language department. He wrote criticism chiefly under the pen name ''Shaunak'' and edited several works of Gujarati literature and litterateurs.

==Life==
Anantrai Raval was born on 1 January 1912 at [[Amreli]] in [[Gujarat]]. He was a native of [[Vallabhipur]]. He completed his primary and secondary education from Amreli. He passed [[matriculation]] in 1928. He completed Bachelor of Arts in Gujarati and Sanskrit from [[Samaldas College]], [[Bhavnagar]] and was a fellow of same college for two years. He completed Master of Arts with Gujarati and English in 1934 and was the first student in the [[University of Bombay]] to pass it with first class.<ref name=mm>{{cite book|title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers: General Series|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZBTAAAAYAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications|pages=380–381}}</ref> He worked as a subeditor with ''Hindustan Prajamitra'' daily for three months. Raval joined [[Gujarat College]] in Ahmedabad in August, 1934 and served as a principal of D. K. V. College, [[Jamnagar]] for one and half years. He served as Director of Language Department of [[Government of Gujarat]] for a decade and retired from the post in 1970. He was later appointed a professor of Gujarati in School of Languages and Literature, [[Gujarat University]]. He retired as the president of it in 1977. He served as a member of Law Commission of Government of Gujarat. He presided over the convention of [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] at [[Vadodara]] in 1979. He died on 18 November 1988.<ref name=mm/><ref name=gsp>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Anantrai-Raval.html|title =રાવળ અનંતરાય મણિશંકર|work =[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] |accessdate =11 October 2014|language =Gujarati}}</ref><ref name="ChokshiTrivedi1991">{{cite book|author1=U. M. Chokshi|author2=M. R. Trivedi|title=Gujarat State Gazetteer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKLiAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Director, Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|page=408}}</ref>

==Works==
His chief contributions are in the field of criticism and editing. His pen name was '''Shaunak'''.<ref name=gsp/>

===Criticism ===
''Sahityavihar'' (1946) was his first collection of criticism. His other works of criticism are ''Gandhakshat'' (1949), ''Sahityavivek'' (1958), ''Sahityanikash'' (1958), ''Samiksha'' (1962), ''Samalochna'' (1966), ''Granthastha Vabgmai'' (1967), ''Upchay'' (1971), ''Unmilan'' (1974). ''Kavivarya Nhanalal'' (1985) is his study of works of [[Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi]]. His ''Gujarati Sahitya: Madhyakalin'' is a major work of criticism of medieval literature and litterateurs. ''Taratamya'' (1971) is a work of literary criticism. He edited collection of plays of Gujarati playwright, Batubhai Umarvadiya, as ''Batubhai na Natako'' (1951).<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Lal2006">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4304|volume=5|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|page=4304}}</ref><ref name="Das1991">{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA803|year=1991|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|page=803}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Politics and the Novel in India| date=1975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQ9z_P1-lXEC&pg=PA120|publisher=Orient Blackswan|page=120}}</ref>

===Editing===
He edited works of many Gujarati litterateurs, ''[[Damodar Botadkar|Botadkar]] ni Kavyasarita'' (1956), ''Nhanalal no Madhukosh'' (1959), ''[[Nalakhyan]]'' (1960), ''Gujarat no Ekakisangrah'' (1960), ''Snehmudra'' (1960), ''Madanmohna'' (1966), ''[[Kalapi]] no Kavyakalap'', ''Chunilal V. Shah ni Shreshtha Vartao''. He coedited ''[[Buddhiprakash]] Lekhsangrah'', [[Premanand Bhatt]]'s ''Chandrahasakhyan'', ''[[Ramanlal Desai]] ni Shreshtha Vartao'', ''Kavishri Nhanalal Smarakgranth'', ''[[Mansukhlal Zaveri]] ni Kavyasushma'', ''Karsandas Manek ni Akshar Aradhna'', ''[[Kaka Kalelkar|Kalelkar]] Adhyayan Granth'', ''Sarkari Vachanmala'' 1–4, ''D.B. Narmadashankar Mehta Samarakgranth''. In 1981, he edited ''Sahityacharcha'' for [[Sahitya Akademi]]. He edited ''[[Narsinh Mehta]] na Pado'' in 1984. He coedited the fourth volume of ''Gujarati Sahitya no Itihas'' (History of [[Gujarati literature]]) with [[Umashankar Joshi]], published by [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]].<ref name=gsp/>

===Other===
Raval abridged [[Ramanlal Desai]]'s ''Gramlakshmi''. He translated novellas of [[Leo Tolstoy]] with [[Vishwanath Bhatt]]. He also coauthored ''Aaharvigyan'' with J. D. Pathak. He wrote some stories for ''Chaa Ghar'' (Tea House, 1944).<ref name=gsp/>

==Awards==
Raval received [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1955. He also received [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1974. He was awarded [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for ''Taratamya'' in 1974.<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name="Akademi1990">{{cite book|author=Sahitya Akademi|title=Sahitya Akademi awards: books and writers : 1955-1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FkkOAQAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-014-0|page=123}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Biography|India|Literature}}
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading ==
* {{cite book|author=Anantrai Manishankar Raval|title=Gujarātī sāhitya: madhyakālīna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eifF6odN1LoC|year=1976|publisher=Mêkmilana}}

==External links==
* {{Gbooks-author|Anantrai Manishankar Raval}}
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}

{{Sahitya Akademi Award for Gujarati}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raval, Anantrai}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:People from Amreli district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Gujarati]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Journalists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]
[[Category:Indian literary historians]]

K B Bhabha Hospital

2026-02-04T19:41:13Z

Akash Arora: Made a details v1

{{short description|Hospital in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = K. B. Bhabha Municipal General Hospital
| org_group = [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC)
| location = Bandra (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra
| country = India
| healthcare = Public
| type = General
| emergency = Yes
| beds = 436<ref name="NBE">{{cite web |title=K B Bhabha Municipal General Hospital, Bandra (West), Mumbai |url=https://accr.natboard.edu.in/online_user/hospital_profile.php?token=PVvxCpU3QWqmjsYTEL7uNf3X5i1H%29y1th04%28gK6OMD1r9n1FZo86z4BIEXxqo%408OkwhvIUVG5ASz |website=National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences |access-date=21 August 2025}}</ref>
| opened = 1914<ref name="RTI">{{cite web |title=Information Handbook (RTI): K. B. Bhabha Municipal General Hospital (Bandra) |url=https://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/K.%20B.%20Bhabha%20Municipal%20General%20Hospital%20%28Bandra%29/RTI%20Manuals/KB_Bhabha_RTI_E01.pdf |website=Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation |access-date=21 August 2025}}</ref>
| funding = Government
}}

'''Khurshitji Beharamji Bhabha Municipal General Hospital''', commonly known as '''K. B. Bhabha Hospital''' or '''Bhabha Hospital''', is a public general hospital in Bandra (West), Mumbai...
'''K. B. Bhabha Municipal General Hospital''', commonly known as '''Bhabha Hospital''', is a public general hospital in [[Bandra]] (West), [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is operated by the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC). Established in 1914 and expanded over time, the hospital today has 436 beds and provides emergency and general specialty services to residents of Bandra and adjoining suburbs.<ref name="RTI" /><ref name="NBE" />

==History==

The hospital was named after Khurshitji Beharamji Bhabha following a land donation by his family to the Bandra municipality, becoming known as Khurshitji Beharamji Bhabha Municipal General Hospital—often abbreviated as K. B. Bhabha Hospital.<ref name="mcgm" />

K. B. Bhabha Hospital was taken over by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) in 1950 with 44 beds.<ref name="mcgm">{{cite web |title=INFORMATION HANDBOOK UNDER RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT {{!}} K.B.BHABHA MUNICIPAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, BANDRA (WEST) |url=https://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/K.%20B.%20Bhabha%20Municipal%20General%20Hospital%20%28Bandra%29/RTI%20Manuals/KB_Bhabha_RTI_E01.pdf |website=mcgm.gov.in|publisher=[[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation|BMC]]|access-date=21 August 2025}}</ref>
A paediatric ward was added in 1962, and the hospital expanded to 165 beds by 1967. A ten-storey tower building was completed in 1987, raising its capacity to 436 beds.<ref name="accr">{{cite web |title=Hospital Profile: K. B. Bhabha Hospital |url=https://accr.natboard.edu.in/online_user/hospital_profile.php?token=PVvxCpU3QWqmjsYTEL7uNf3X5i1H%29y1th04%28gK6OMD1r9n1FZo86z4BIEXxqo%408OkwhvIUVG5ASz |website=National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences |access-date=21 August 2025}}</ref>

==Facilities==
The hospital provides general and specialty care including medicine, surgery, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, orthopaedics, dermatology, psychiatry, ENT, ophthalmology, and dentistry.<ref name="mcgm" />
Emergency services include 24/7 casualty, ambulance, mortuary, operating theatres, pharmacy, and blood bank.<ref name="mcgm" />
Diagnostic facilities comprise radiology (X-ray, ultrasonography), pathology laboratory, ECG, and CT scan.<ref name="mcgm" />
Maternal and child health services include antenatal and postnatal care, immunisation, and family planning programmes.<ref name="mcgm" />

==Recent Expansion==

In January 2025, the hospital opened outpatient departments in a new 11-storey tower adjacent to the existing building. The new block is planned to host super-speciality departments such as nephrology and cardiothoracic surgery.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bandra's KB Bhabha hospital starts OPD in new 11-storey building |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bandras-kb-bhabha-hospital-starts-opd-in-new-11-storey-building/articleshow/117308682.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 January 2025 |access-date=21 August 2025}}</ref>

==Operational Challenges==
Despite expansion, the hospital faces staffing and infrastructure shortages. In 2023 the State Human Rights Commission noted that its blood bank did not operate round-the-clock, requiring relatives to source blood externally during emergencies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai: Bhabha hospital's new tower fails to deliver as blood bank, MRI remain non-functional |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-news-bhabha-hospitals-new-tower-fails-to-deliver-as-blood-bank-mri-other-critical-services-remain-non-functional |work=Free Press Journal |date=12 July 2023 |access-date=21 August 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Bandra]]
[[Category:Municipal hospitals in India]]
[[Category:1914 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1914]]

{{India-hospital-stub}}

Foreign policy of the Indira Gandhi government

2026-02-03T04:43:35Z

Akash Arora: added references

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Indira Gandhi series}}
The foreign policy of the Indira Gandhi government was the [[Foreign relations of India|foreign policy of India]] between 1967 and 1977 during the Indira Gandhi premiership. It included a focus on security, by fighting militants abroad and strengthening border defenses. On 30 October 1981 at the meeting organised to mark silver jubilee celebration of the School of International Studies, Gandhi said, "A country’s policy is shaped by many forces- its position on the map, and the countries which are its neighbours, the policies they adopt, and the actions they take, as well as its historical experiences in the aggregate and in terms of its particular success or traumas."<ref name="speech">{{cite journal |last1=Speech |first1=Gandhi |title=India and Its Foreign Policy |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0020881782021002001 |journal=International Studies |year=1982 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=95–99 |publisher=SAGE Journals |doi=10.1177/0020881782021002001 |s2cid=154772671 |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717020501/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0020881782021002001 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Non-aligned Movement==
[[File:Indira Gandhi & Nicolae Ceaușescu.jpg|thumb|Gandhi with [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] in 1969]]

In the early 1980s under Gandhi, India attempted to reassert its prominent role in the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] by focusing on the relationship between disarmament and economic development. By appealing to the economic grievances of [[Developing country|developing countries]], Gandhi and her successors exercised a moderating influence on the Non-aligned movement, diverting it from some of the [[Cold War]] issues that marred the controversial 1979 Havana meeting where Cuban leader [[Fidel Castro]] attempted to steer the movement towards the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gupte|first1=Pranay|title=Mother India : a political biography of Indira Gandhi|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New York|isbn=9780143068266|pages=499–500|edition=Rev.|url={{Google books|OOmK1lPWq80C|page=PR9|keywords=%22non%20aligned%20movement%22%20india%20indira|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Although hosting the 1983 summit at Delhi boosted Indian prestige within the movement, its close relations with the [[Soviet Union]] and its pro-Soviet positions on [[Afghanistan]] and [[Cambodia]] limited its influence.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Gandhi boosted the NAM summit in New Delhi in 1967 to strengthen the unity and co-operation among Afro-Asian countries.

==Indo-US==
[[File:President Ronald Reagan walking with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India.jpg|thumb|President Reagan walking with Indira outside the oval office]]
When [[Indira Gandhi|Indira]] came to power in 1966, on invitation from the American President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], [[Indira Gandhi|Gandhi]] visited the US on 28 March 1966. During her visit, the [[United States-India Educational Foundation|Indo-US Education Foundation]] was formulated, but could not materialize due to strong opposition in India. America had suspended aid to India in 1965 at the time of the Indo-Pak war. However, the visit helped India secure more food and development aid from the US. Johnson promised three million tons of food and nine million in aid. Indira resented the US policy of food aid as a tool in forcing India to adopt policies favored by the US. She also resolutely refused to sign the [[Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons|NPT]] (Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons).

Relations with US strained badly under President [[Richard Nixon]] when India signed the [[Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation|treaty of peace, Friendship and Co-operation]] with the [[Soviet Union]] in 1971. Nixon's favoring of [[Pakistan]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] vehemently criticised India for interfering with the [[Separatist movements of Pakistan#Bangladesh|internal affairs]] of [[Pakistan]]. He despised Indira politically and personally Nixon ordered complete stoppage of [[economic aid|economic assistance]] and supply of defence equipment to India.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Van Dijk|editor-first1=Ruud|editor-last2=Glenn Gray|editor-first2=William|editor-last3=Savranskaya|editor-first3=Svetlana|editor-last4=Suri|editor-first4=Jeremi|editor-last5=Zhai|editor-first5=Qiang|title=Encyclopedia of the Cold War.|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=9780203880210|pages=340–341|url={{Google books|QgX0bQ3Enj4C|page=PR3|keywords=%22indira%20gandhi%22%20johnson|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Gandhi remained resolute in her support to Bangladesh, despite US attempts to force India to commit to a ceasefire. Opposition leaders, including [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in the Lok Sabha and S.N. Mishra in the Rajya Sabha, condemned then US president Richard Nixon's "anti-India statements" in Parliament. Other Jan Sangh leaders including [[L.K. Advani]], [[Balraj Madhok]] and [[Kidar Nath Sahani]] led demonstrations outside the US Embassy.<ref name="fullest cooperation">{{cite news |last1=Opposition |first1=PM and |title=PM and Opposition took India along during 1971 Bangladesh war took India along during 1971 Bangladesh war |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/how-indira-gandhi-and-atal-bihari-vajpayee-led-india-during-1971-bangladesh-war-1551643929931.html |access-date=4 April 2020 |work=Live Mint |agency=HT Media |date=4 March 2019 |archive-date=29 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129231144/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/how-indira-gandhi-and-atal-bihari-vajpayee-led-india-during-1971-bangladesh-war-1551643929931.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Smiling Buddha|Pokhran Test]] had driven a wedge in the Indo-US relations. United states reacted negatively, especially in light of then ongoing negotiations on the [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]] and the [[economic aid]] the US had provided to India. This issue caused a stalemate in the relations between the two countries. However, the United States concluded that the test did not violate any agreement and proceeded with a June 1974 shipment of [[enriched uranium]] for the [[Tarapur Atomic Power Station|Tarapur reactor]]. The visit of [[Henry Kissinger]], the [[United States Secretary of State|secretary of the state of the US]], to India in October 1974, helped to bridge the gap between the two countries, Gandhi's [[The Emergency (India)|imposition of emergency]] in 1975 also strained the Indo-US relations.

Indira met then US President [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1981 for the first time at the [[North–South Summit]] held to discuss global poverty. Gandhi's 1982 visit, at then US President [[Ronald Reagan]]’s invitation, turned out to be markedly successful, with agreeing on cooperation in science and technology and signing an agreement on the [[Tarapur Atomic Power Station|Tarapur nuclear plant]] and to mark 1985 as the ‘year of India’ in the US.<ref name="Ronald Reagan">{{cite news |last1=A friendship |first1=India-USA |title=India-USA: A friendship that began way back then |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/modi-in-us-india-usa-a-friendship-that-began-way-back-then/20140926.htm |access-date=4 April 2020 |work=Rediff.com |agency=Rediff |date=26 September 2014 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627005133/https://www.rediff.com/news/special/modi-in-us-india-usa-a-friendship-that-began-way-back-then/20140926.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Soviet Union==
{{See also|India–Soviet Union relations}}
The relationship between India and the [[Soviet Union]] deepened during Gandhi's rule. The main reason was the perceived bias of United States and China, the rivals of USSR, towards [[Pakistan]]. The support of the Soviets with arms supplies and casting of veto at United Nations helped in winning and consolidating the victory over Pakistan in the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war. Prior to the war Indira signed a treaty of friendship with the Soviets. In the beginning, India was not willing for Indo-Soviet treaty. But circumstances forced India to have a treaty with the Soviet Union in 1971. The circumstances were I. Pindi-Peking -Washington axis was formed by 1971, mainly against the USSR to curb its influence in South Asia and secondarily against India. The refuges from East Pakistan flooded India. So, the responsibility fell on India to protect East Pakistan against the West Pakistan. At this juncture, China and USA came to support Pakistan and at his situation India was forced to have a treaty with the Soviet Union. Had India not concluded a treaty with USSR, its prestige would have been at stake.

The Soviets were not happy with the 1974 nuclear test conducted by India but did not support further action because of the ensuing Cold War with the United States. Indira was not happy with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan but once again calculations involving relations with Pakistan and China kept from criticizing the Soviet Union harshly. The Soviets became the main arms supplier during the Indira years by offering cheap credit and transactions in rupees rather than in dollars. The easy trade deals also applied to non-military goods. Under Indira by the early 1980s the Soviets became the largest trading partner of India.<ref name="British Academic Press">{{cite book |editor-last1=Light |editor-first1=Margot |last1=Duncan |first1=Peter J.S. |title=Troubled friendships : Moscow's Third World ventures, Chapter II, Soviet-Indian Model|date=1993|publisher=British Academic Press|location=London [u.a.]|isbn=9781850436492|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7MA1F1TD08C&q=indira+gandhi+%22soviet+union%22+-institute+arms+&pg=PA29}}</ref>

==Pakistan, Bangladesh and South Asia==
In early 1971, disputed elections in [[Pakistan]] led the then [[East Pakistan]] to declare independence as [[Bangladesh]]. Repression and violence by the Pakistani army led 10 million refugees to cross border in to India over the coming months.<ref name="ahsgjxajtu0c244">{{cite book|last1=Reynolds|first1=David|title=One world divisible : a global history since 1945|date=2001|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York|isbn=978-0393321081|pages=244–247|url={{Google books|AHsGJxAJTU0C|page=PR14|keywords=indira%20gandhi|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Finally in December 1971, Gandhi directly intervened in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|conflict]] to liberate [[Bangladesh]]. India emerged victorious in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|resulting conflict]] to become the dominant power of South Asia.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hermann|last=Kulke|title=A History of India|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|page=359|isbn=978-0415329194}}</ref> India had signed a [[Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation|treaty]] with the Soviet Union promising mutual assistance in the case of war,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Reynolds|first1=David|title=One world divisible : a global history since 1945|date=2001|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York|isbn=978-0393321081|page=246|url={{Google books|AHsGJxAJTU0C|page=PR14|keywords=indira%20gandhi|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> while Pakistan received active support from the United States during the conflict.<ref name="NixonWitchBBC">[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4633263.stm Nixon's dislike of 'witch' Indira, BBC News, 29 June 2005] . BBC News (29 June 2005). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.</ref> U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]] disliked Gandhi personally, referring to her as a "witch" and "clever fox" in his private communication with Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4633263.stm|title=BBC NEWS {{!}} South Asia {{!}} Nixon's dislike of 'witch' Indira|website=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=19 July 2017|date=29 June 2005|archive-date=12 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812125319/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4633263.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Nixon later wrote of the war: "[Gandhi] suckered [America]. Suckered us.....this woman suckered us.".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/this-woman-suckered-us-said-nixon-of-indira-gandhi/story-WGR773bfTnuAsEffYYvq5O.html|title='This woman suckered us', said Nixon of Indira Gandhi|date=2 March 2010|work=hindustantimes.com|access-date=19 July 2017|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720223345/http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/this-woman-suckered-us-said-nixon-of-indira-gandhi/story-WGR773bfTnuAsEffYYvq5O.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Relations with the U.S. became distant as Gandhi developed closer ties with the Soviet Union after the war. The latter grew to become India's largest trading partner and its biggest arms supplier for much of Gandhi's premiership.<ref>{{cite book|first=Linda |last=Racioppi|title=Soviet Policy towards South Asia since 1970|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|page=65|isbn=978-0521414579}}</ref> India's new hegemonic position as articulated under the "Indira Doctrine" led to attempts to bring the [[Himalayan states]] under the Indian sphere of influence.<ref>{{cite book|first=Harish|last=Kapur|title=Foreign Policies Of India's Prime Ministers|publisher=Lancer Publishers|year=2009|page=138|isbn=978-0979617485}}</ref> [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]] remained aligned with India, while in 1975, after years of building up support, Gandhi incorporated [[Sikkim]] into India, after [[1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|a referendum]] in which a majority of Sikkimese voted to join India.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface|page=225|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|author=James F. Fisher|year=1978|url={{Google books|m8Eq6Obu6oYC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>{{sfn|Malik|1988|p=120-121}} This was denounced as a "despicable act" by China.<ref>{{cite book|first=G. S. |last=Bajpai|title=China's Shadow Over Sikkim: The Politics of Intimidation|publisher=Lancer Publishers|year=1999|page=210|isbn=978-1897829523}}</ref>

[[File:Jacqueline Kennedy and Indira Gandhi.jpg|thumb|Indira Gandhi with [[Jacqueline Kennedy]] in New Delhi, 1962]]

India [[Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace|maintained close ties]] with neighbouring [[Bangladesh]] (formerly [[East Pakistan]]) following the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Liberation War]]. Prime Minister [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] recognized Gandhi's contributions to the independence of Bangladesh. However, Mujibur Rahman's pro-India policies antagonised many in Bangladeshi politics and the military, who feared that Bangladesh had become a client state of India.<ref name="Nair">{{cite book|first=P. Sukumaran|last=Nair|title=Indo-Bangladesh Relations|publisher=APH Publishing|year=2008|page=47|isbn=978-8131304082}}</ref><ref name="MK">{{cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/19.htm |title=Mujib's downfall |publisher=Countrystudies.us |date=15 August 1975 |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805012545/http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/19.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Assassination of Mujibur Rahman]] in 1975 led to the establishment of Islamist military regimes that sought to distance the country from India.<ref name="IB">{{cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/106.htm |title=Bangladesh's relations with India |publisher=Countrystudies.us |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-date=28 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328232816/http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/106.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Gandhi's relationship with the military regimes was strained, due to her alleged support of anti-Islamist leftist guerrilla forces in Bangladesh.<ref name="IB" /> Generally, however, there was a rapprochement between Gandhi and the Bangladeshi regimes, although issues such as border disputes and the [[Farakka Barrage|Farakka Dam]] remained an irritant in bilateral ties.<ref>{{cite book|first= N |last=Jayapalan|title=India And Her Neighbours|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|year=2000|page=134|isbn=978-8171569120}}</ref> In 2011, the Government of Bangladesh conferred its highest state award posthumously on Gandhi for her "outstanding contribution" to the country's independence.<ref name="Gandhi1971">[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-07-25/news/29812476_1_liberation-war-sonia-gandhi-outstanding-contribution Former PM Indira Gandhi honoured with Bangladesh's highest award, The Economic Times, 25 July 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510165730/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-07-25/news/29812476_1_liberation-war-sonia-gandhi-outstanding-contribution |date=10 May 2013 }}. The Economic Times (25 July 2011). Retrieved on 25 December 2012.</ref>

Gandhi's approach to dealing with Sri Lanka's [[Sri Lankan Civil War|ethnic problems]] was initially accommodating. She enjoyed cordial relations with Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]]. In 1974, India ceded the tiny islet of [[Katchatheevu]] to Sri Lanka to save Bandaranaike's socialist government from a political disaster.<ref name="Suryanarayan">{{cite book|first=Venkateswaran|last=Suryanarayan|title=Conflict Over Fisheries In The Palk Bay Region|publisher=Lancer Publishers|year=2005|page=65|isbn=978-8170622420}}</ref> However, relations soured over Sri Lanka's turn away from socialism under [[J. R. Jayewardene]], whom Gandhi despised as a "western puppet."{{sfn|Gupte|2012|p=5}} India under Gandhi was alleged to have supported [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|LTTE]] militants in the 1980s to put pressure on Jayewardene to abide by Indian interests.<ref name="sndayt">{{cite news|url=http://sundaytimes.lk/970119/plus4.html|title=LTTE: the Indian connection|newspaper=Sunday Times|year=1997|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-date=15 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915053716/http://sundaytimes.lk/970119/plus4.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Nevertheless, Gandhi rejected demands to invade Sri Lanka in the aftermath of [[Black July|Black July 1983]], an anti-Tamil pogrom carried out by Sinhalese mobs.<ref name="Bandarage">{{cite book|first=Asoka|last= Bandarage|title=The Separatist Conflict in Sri Lanka: Terrorism, Ethnicity, Political Economy|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2009|page=111|isbn=978-0415776783}}</ref> Gandhi made a statement emphasizing that she stood for the territorial integrity of Sri Lanka, although she also stated that India cannot "remain a silent spectator to any injustice done to the Tamil community."<ref name="Bandarage"/><ref name="Dissanayaka">{{cite book|first=T.D.S.A.|last=Dissanayaka|title=War Or Peace in Sri Lanka|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2005|page=84|isbn=978-8179911990}}</ref>

India's relationship with Pakistan remained strained following the [[Simla Agreement|Shimla Accord]] in 1972. Gandhi's [[Smiling Buddha|authorization of the detonation of a nuclear device]] at Pokhran in 1974 was viewed by Pakistani leader [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] as an attempt to intimidate Pakistan into accepting India's hegemony in the subcontinent. However, in May 1976, Gandhi and Bhutto both agreed to reopen diplomatic establishments and normalize relations.<ref name="Grover">{{cite book|first= Verinder|last=Grover|title=Events and Documents of Indo-Pak Relations: Includes Chronology of All Important Events & Documents from 1947 to 1998|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications|year=1999|pages=100–113|isbn=978-8176290593}}</ref> Following the rise to power of General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] in Pakistan in 1978, India's relations with its neighbour reached a nadir. Gandhi accused General Zia of supporting [[Khalistan movement|Khalistani]] militants in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref name="Grover"/> Military hostilities recommenced in 1984 following Gandhi's authorization of [[Operation Meghdoot]].<ref name=Kapur>{{cite book|last=Kapur|first=S. Paul|title=Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0804755504|page=118|year=2007}}</ref> India was victorious in the resulting [[Siachen conflict]] against Pakistan.<ref name=Kapur/>

To keep the Soviet Union and the United States out of South Asia, Mrs Gandhi was instrumental in establishing the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ([[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]]) in 1983<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gupte|first1=Pranay|title=Mother India : a political biography of Indira Gandhi|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New York|isbn=9780143068266|page=482|edition=Rev.|url={{Google books|OOmK1lPWq80C|page=PR9|keywords=saarc|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

==Middle East==
Gandhi remained a staunch supporter of Palestinians in the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] and was critical of the Middle East diplomacy sponsored by the United States.{{sfn|Gupte|2012|p=5}} Israel was viewed as a religious state and thus [[Two-nation theory|an analogue]] to India's [[archrival]] Pakistan. Indian diplomats also hoped to win Arab support in countering Pakistan in [[Kashmir]]. Nevertheless, Gandhi authorized the development of a secret channel of contact and security assistance with Israel in the late 1960s. Her lieutenant, [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], later became Prime Minister and approved full diplomatic ties with Israel in 1992.<ref name="AKapur">{{cite book|first=Ashok|last=Kapur|title=India: From Regional to World Power |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |page=215 |isbn=978-0415328043}}</ref>

[[File:Pahlavis meet Indira Gandhi in India, 1970.jpg|thumb|left|Indira Gandhi meeting the [[Shah of Iran]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] and [[Shahbanu]] [[Farah Pahlavi]] during their state visit to India in 1970]]

India's pro-Arab policy had mixed success. Establishment of close ties with the socialist and secular [[Ba'athism|Baathist]] regimes to some extent neutralized Pakistani propaganda against India.<ref name="Ghosh">{{cite book|first=Anjali|last=Ghosh|title=India's Foreign Policy |publisher=Pearson|year=2009|pages=306–307|isbn=978-8131710258}}</ref> However, the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] put the Arab and Muslim states of the Middle East in a dilemma as the war was fought by two states both friendly to the Arabs.<ref name="Kaur">{{cite book|first=Ranjit|last=Kaur|title=Islamic Co-Operation and Unity|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |year=1993 |pages=168–170|isbn=978-8171005642}}</ref> The progressive Arab regimes in [[Egypt]], [[Syria]], and [[Algeria]] chose to remain neutral, while the conservative [[pro-American]] Arab monarchies in [[Jordan]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Kuwait]], and [[United Arab Emirates]] openly supported Pakistan. Egypt's stance was met with dismay by the Indians, who had come to expect close co-operation with the Baathist regimes.<ref name="Ghosh"/> But, the death of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] in 1970 and [[Anwar Sadat|Sadat]]'s growing friendship with [[Riyadh]], and his mounting differences with Moscow, constrained Egypt to a policy of neutrality.<ref name="Ghosh"/> Gandhi's overtures to [[Muammar Gaddafi]] were rebuffed.<ref name="Kaur"/> [[Libya]] agreed with the Arab monarchies in believing that Gandhi's intervention in East Pakistan was an attack against [[Islam]].<ref name="Kaur"/>

The 1971 war temporarily became a stumbling block in growing [[India–Iran relations|Indo-Iranian ties]].<ref name="Ghosh"/> Although Iran had earlier characterized the Indo-Pakistani war in 1965 as Indian aggression, the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah]] had launched an effort at rapprochement with India in 1969 as part of his effort to secure support for a larger Iranian role in the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref name="Ghosh"/> Gandhi's tilt towards Moscow and her dismemberment of Pakistan was perceived by the Shah as part of a larger anti-Iran conspiracy involving India, [[Iraq]], and the Soviet Union.<ref name="Ghosh"/> Nevertheless, Iran had resisted Pakistani pressure to activate the [[Baghdad Pact]] and draw in the [[Baghdad Pact|Central Treaty Organisation]] (CENTO) into the conflict.<ref name="Ghosh"/> Gradually, Indian and Iranian disillusionment with their respective regional allies led to a renewed partnership between the nations.<ref name=hunter>{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Shireen|title=Iran's Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Resisting the New International Order|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0804755504|date=2010|pages=120–121}}</ref> Gandhi was unhappy with the lack of support from India's Arab allies during the war with Pakistan, while the Shah was apprehensive at the growing friendship between Pakistan and [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf]], specially Saudi Arabia, and the growing influence of Islam in Pakistani society.<ref name=hunter/> There was an increase in Indian economic and military co-operation with [[Iran]] during the 1970s.<ref name=hunter/> The 1974 India-Iranian agreement led to Iran supplying nearly 75 percent of India's crude oil demands.<ref name=pande>{{cite book|last=Pande|first=Aparna|title=Explaining Pakistan's Foreign Policy|publisher=Taylor & Francis, 2011|isbn=978-1136818943|year=2011|page=146}}</ref> Gandhi appreciated the Shah's disregard of [[Pan-Islamism]] in diplomacy.<ref name=hunter/>

==Asia-Pacific==
One of the major developments in Southeast Asia during Gandhi's premiership was the formation of the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) in 1967. Relations between ASEAN and India was mutually antagonistic. ASEAN in the Indian perception was linked to the [[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization]] (SEATO), and it was therefore, seen as a pro-American organisation. On their part, the ASEAN nations were unhappy with Gandhi's sympathy for the [[Viet Cong]] and India's strong links with the [[Soviet Union|USSR]]. Furthermore, they were also apprehensions in the region about Gandhi's future plans, particularly after India played a big role in breaking up Pakistan and facilitating in the emergence of Bangladesh as a sovereign country in 1971. India's entry into the nuclear weapons club in 1974 contributed to tensions in Southeast Asia.<ref name=Nanda>{{cite book|last=Nanda|first=Prakash|title=Rediscovering Asia: Evolution of India's Look-East Policy|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-8170622970|year=2003|pages=220–226}}</ref> Relations only began to improve following Gandhi's endorsement of the [[Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality|ZOPFAN declaration]] and the disintegration of the SEATO alliance in the aftermath of Pakistani and American defeats in the region. Nevertheless, Gandhi's close relations with reunified [[Vietnam]] and her decision to recognize the Vietnam installed Government of [[People's Republic of Kampuchea|Cambodia]] in 1980 meant that India and ASEAN were not able to develop a viable partnership.<ref name=Nanda/>

On 26 September 1981, Indira was conferred with the Honorary Degree of Doctor at the Laucala Graduation at the University of the South Pacific in Fiji.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=13882|title=USP: Honorary Degree of Doctor|website=usp.ac.fj|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref>

==Africa==
Although independent India was initially viewed as a champion of anti-colonialism, its cordial relationship with the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and liberal views of British colonial policies in East Africa had harmed its image as a staunch supporter of the anti-colonial movements.<ref name="Ghosh2">{{cite book|first=Anjali|last=Ghosh|title=India's Foreign Policy|publisher=Pearson|year=2009|pages=422–424|isbn=978-8131710258}}</ref> Indian condemnation of militant struggles in [[Mau Mau Uprising|Kenya]] and [[Algerian War|Algeria]] was in sharp contrast to China, who had supported armed struggle to win African independence.<ref name="Ghosh2"/> After reaching a high diplomatic point in the aftermath of Nehru's role in the [[Suez Crisis]], India's isolation from Africa was complete when only four nations; [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Nigeria]] and [[Libya]] supported her during the [[Sino-Indian War]] in 1962.<ref name="Ghosh2"/> After Gandhi became Prime Minister, diplomatic and economic relations with the states which had sided with India during the Sino-Indian War were expanded.<ref name="Ghosh2"/> Gandhi began negotiations with the Kenyan government to establish the Africa-India Development Cooperation. The Indian government also started considering the possibility of bringing Indians settled in Africa within the framework of its policy goals to help recover its declining geo-strategic influence. Gandhi declared the people of Indian origin settled in Africa as "Ambassadors of India."<ref name="Ghosh2"/> Efforts to rope in the Asian community to join Indian diplomacy, however, came to naught, partly because of the unwillingness of Indians to remain in politically insecure surroundings and partly due to the exodus of African Indians to Britain with the passing of the [[Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968|Commonwealth Immigrants Act]] in 1968.<ref name="Ghosh2"/> In [[Uganda]], the African Indian community even [[Expulsion of Asians from Uganda|suffered persecution and eventually expulsion]] under the government of [[Idi Amin]].<ref name="Oonk">{{cite book|first=Gijsbert|last=Oonk|title=Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|year=2007|page=189|isbn=978-9053560358}}</ref>

Foreign and domestic policy successes in the 1970s enabled Gandhi to rebuild India's image in the eyes of African states.<ref name="Ghosh2"/> Victory over Pakistan and India's possession of nuclear weapons showed the degree of India's progress.<ref name="Ghosh2"/> Furthermore, the conclusion of the Indo-Soviet treaty in 1971 and threatening gestures by the major western power, the United States, to send its nuclear armed [[Task Force 74]] into the [[Bay of Bengal]] at the height of the East Pakistan crisis had enabled India to regain its anti-imperialist image.<ref name="Ghosh2"/> Gandhi firmly tied Indian anti-imperialist interests in Africa to those of the Soviet Union.<ref name="Mawdsley">{{Cite book
| publisher = Fahamu & Pambazuka
| pages = 51–52|url={{Google books|fMnTomlIPQwC|page=PA51|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|isbn=978-1906387655
| last = Mawdsley
| first = Emma
|author2=Gerard McCann
| title = India in Africa: Changing Geographies of Power
| year = 2011
}}</ref> Unlike Nehru, she openly and enthusiastically supported liberation struggles in Africa.<ref name="Mawdsley"/> At the same time, Chinese influence in Africa had declined owing to its incessant quarrels with the Soviet Union.<ref name="Ghosh2"/> These developments permanently halted India's decline in Africa and helped reestablish its geo-strategic presence.<ref name="Ghosh2"/>

==The Commonwealth==
[[File:Chegada ao Rio de Janeiro de Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi, primeira ministra da Índia..tif|thumb|Indira Gandhi on a visit to Brazil, 1968, [[Brazilian National Archives|National Archives of Brazil]]]]

The [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] is voluntary association of mainly former British colonies. India maintained cordial relations with most of the members during Indira Gandhi's time in power. In the 1980s, Indira Gandhi along with Canadian Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]], Zambia's President [[Kenneth Kaunda]], Australian prime minister [[Malcolm Fraser]] and Singapore Prime Minister [[Lee Kuan Yew]] was regarded as one of the pillars of the commonwealth<ref>{{cite book|last1=Low|first1=D.A.|title=The contraction of England : an inaugural lecture delivered before the University of Cambridge on 22 October 1984|date=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]|isbn=9780521314244|page=28|url={{Google books|U8o7AAAAIAAJ|page=PA42|keywords=gandhi|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> India under Indira also hosted the 1983 Commonwealth heads of Government summit in New Delhi in 1983. Gandhi used to use the Commonwealth meetings as a forum to put pressure on member countries to cut economic, sports, and cultural ties with [[Apartheid]] South Africa<ref>Danilewitz, J., 1998. Athletics & apartheid. Harvard International Review, 20(4), p.36.</ref>

==Western Europe==
Indira spent a number of years in Europe during her youth and formed many friendships during her stay there. During her premiership she formed friendships with many leaders such as West German chancellor, [[Willy Brandt]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brandt |first1=Willy |translator-last1=Bell |translator-first1=Anthea |title=Arms and hunger|date=1987|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=9780262521277|pages=43–44|edition=1st MIT Press English language pbk.|url={{Google books|hBhr8W16XWMC|page=PP11|keywords=indira|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> and Austrian chancellor [[Bruno Kreisky]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kreisky|first1=Bruno|last2=Lewis|first2=Jill|last3=Rathkolb|first3=Oliver|title=The struggle for a democratic Austria : Bruno Kreisky on peace and social justice|date=2000|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=978-1571811554|pages=413–414|url={{Google books|lb6uBAAAQBAJ|page=PR11|keywords=%20gandhi|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> She also enjoyed closed working relationship with many British leaders including conservative premiers, [[Edward Heath]] and [[Margaret Thatcher]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gupte|first1=Pranay|title=Mother India : a political biography of Indira Gandhi|date=1992|publisher=Scribner's|location=New York|isbn=978-0-684-19296-3|pages=516–517|url={{Google books|OOmK1lPWq80C|page=PR9|keywords=%20thatcher|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Works cited===
* {{Cite book |author=Pranay Gupte |title=Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-14-306826-6 |ref=CITEREFGupte2012}}
* {{Cite book |author=Yogendra Kumar Malik |title=India: The Years of Indira Gandhi |publisher=[[BRILL Publishers]] |year=1988 |isbn=978-90-04-08681-4 |ref=CITEREFMalik1988}}

{{Foreign relations of India}}

[[Category:Indira Gandhi]]
[[Category:Indira Gandhi administration]]
[[Category:Foreign policy by government|Gandhi, Indira]]
[[Category:Indian foreign policy|I]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of India]]

MenToo movement

2026-01-31T22:59:20Z

Akash Arora: new

{{Short description|Social men's movement}}
{{distinguish|HimToo movement}}
{{redirect|MenToo|the 2023 Indian Telugu-language film|MenToo (film)}}
{{Correct title|title=#MenToo movement|reason=#}}
'''#MenToo''' is a [[social movement]] in India which was started against false sexual harassment allegations in [[MeToo movement in India]]. The movement was widely spread out after Bollywood actress [[Pooja Bedi]] and Founder of [[Purush Aayog]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gaikwad|first=Pramod|date=2019-05-22|title=MeToo vs MenToo: Human rights activist challenges Tanushree Dutta for an open debate|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/metoo-vs-mentoo-human-rights-activist-challenges-tanushree-dutta-open-debate-798117|access-date=2022-02-25|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref> [[Barkha Trehan]] appealed to bring gender neutral laws and investigation,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mentoo-after-metoo/cid/1690350|title=MenToo after MeToo|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/07/09/commentary/world-commentary/moving-metoo-mentoo/|title=Moving from #MeToo to #MenToo|last=Thakur|first=Ramesh|date=2019-07-09|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> after actor [[Karan Oberoi (singer)|Karan Oberoi]] was arrested on 5 May 2019 due to a sexual harassment complaint filed against him by his ex-girlfriend.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/how-karan-oberoi-became-the-poster-boy-of-india-s-mentoo-movement-119062101349_1.html|title=How Karan Oberoi became the poster boy of India's #MenToo 'movement'|last=Singh|first=Amrita|date=2019-06-21|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/its-time-to-begin-a-mentoo-movement/articleshow/69226675.cms|title=Pooja Bedi on Karan Oberoi rape charges: It's time to begin a #MenToo movement - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=10 May 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/society/2019/05/18/The-curious-case-of-Karan-Oberoi-Is-it-time-for-MenToo.html|title=The curious case of Karan Oberoi: Is it time for #MenToo?|website=The Week|language=en|access-date=2019-07-21}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

[[Category:Men's rights]]

== History ==

=== 2018 ===
A Bangalore-based NGO, Children's Rights Initiative for Shared Parenting (CRISP), started the #MenToo initiative in October 2018 in response to #MeToo movement.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/life-bengaluru/now-bengaluru-ngo-begins-699562.html|title=Now, Bengaluru NGO begins #MenToo campaign|date=2018-10-24|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/men-too-anti-me-too-protest-bengaluru-s-quite-confused-about-its-aim-90311|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=2019-07-23|title='Men Too': An anti-Me Too protest in Bengaluru that's quite confused about its aim|date=2018-10-21}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/society/article/karnataka-bengaluru-bangalore-metoo-mentoo-movement-protest-men/302492|title=Bengaluru NGO organises 'Men Too' protest in response to #MeToo movement|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=22 October 2018 |language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-23}}</ref> Protestors in Bengaluru said that their movement is against false cases registered under Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, and added that their fight is also against the ordeal of children who are raised by single parents following a disturbing separation.<ref name=":3" />

=== 2019 Karan Oberoi (singer) ===
Actor and singer Karan Oberoi was arrested on 5 May 2019, after a 34-year-old woman claimed that he had raped her on multiple occasions and had also extorted money and gifts from her.<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/rape-accused-actor-karan-oberoi-granted-bail-1544362-2019-06-07|title=Rape-accused actor Karan Oberoi granted bail|author=Vidya |date=June 7, 2019 |magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/metoo-tv-actor-and-singer-karan-oberoi-arrested-for-raping-blackmailing-woman/articleshow/69198394.cms|title=#MeToo: TV actor and singer Karan Oberoi arrested for raping, blackmailing woman|date=2019-05-09|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> However, they were in a consensual relationship as per the affidavit filed by Karan Oberoi in court.<ref name=":1" /> Immediately after his arrest, his friend and Bollywood actress Pooja Bedi came in his support to bring gender neutral laws and investigation to launch the #MenToo movement. Australian social commentator [[Bettina Arndt]] has written a book with the same title.<ref name=":0" />

=== 2022 (Johnny Depp) ===
In February 2019, actor [[Johnny Depp]] filed a defamation lawsuit against actress [[Amber Heard]] for $50 million over her allegedly defaming op-ed of him in ''[[The Washington Post]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wulfsohn |first=Joseph |date=1 June 2022 |title=Johnny Depp verdict: WaPo should be held accountable for defamatory Amber Heard op-ed, Dave Portnoy says |url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/johnny-depp-defamation-dave-portnoy-slams-washington-post-amber-heard |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=[[Fox News]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="varietymarch2019">{{cite web |last=Nyren |first=Erin |date=March 2, 2019 |title=Johnny Depp Reportedly Sues Amber Heard for $50M Over Washington Post Op-Ed |url=https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-defamation-washington-post-op-ed-50-million-1203153857/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505190114/https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/johnny-depp-amber-heard-defamation-washington-post-op-ed-50-million-1203153857/amp/ |archive-date=May 5, 2021 |access-date=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |location= |quote='The op-ed depended on the central premise that Ms. Heard was a domestic abuse victim and that Mr. Depp perpetrated domestic violence against her,' Depp's lawyers allege. ... 'This frivolous action is just the latest of Johnny Depp's repeated efforts to silence Amber Heard,' said Heard's attorney.}}</ref> The case rose after Heard was found to have allegedly abused Depp while they were married; Heard fought these claims by claiming the other way around.<ref name="varietymarch2019" /> On 11 April 2022, [[Depp v. Heard|the official trial]] began. On 1 June, Depp and Heard were both found liable of defamation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kurtz |first=Judy |date=2022-06-01 |title=Jury finds Depp, Heard both liable for defamation |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/3507835-jury-rules-for-depp-in-defamation-case-against-heard-awards-15-million/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> Heard was obligated to pay approximately $10.35 million in damages.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Melendez |first1=Pilar |last2=Piccoli |first2=Sean |date=1 June 2022 |title=Bombshell Verdict: Johnny Depp Wins Defamation Case, Amber Heard Must Pay $10M |language=en |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/amber-heard-defamed-johnny-depp-in-washington-post-op-ed-jury-says |access-date=1 June 2022}}</ref> The case sparked the rise of the #MenToo movement outside of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chiu |first=Fengyen |date=23 May 2022 |title=#MenToo Trends On Twitter Amid Johnny Depp Vs Amber Heard Case |url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/32132/mentoo-trends-on-twitter-amid-johnny-depp-vs-amber-heard-case |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=[[Mashable|Mashable India]] |language=en-in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Web Desk |date=24 May 2022 |title=Johnny Depp vs Amber Heard trial: #MenToo trends on Twitter |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/960409-johnny-depp-vs-amber-heard-trial-mentoo-trends-on-twitter |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=[[The News International]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Protest ==

=== Twitter ===
Twitter users tweeted with #MenToo to show support with accused Karan Oberoi and protested against the unfair laws that target men.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/netizens-float-mentoo-hashtag-to-protest-against-unfair-rape-laws-that-target-innocent-men-2160205.html|title=Netizens Float #MenToo Hashtag to Protest Against 'Unfair' Rape Laws that Target Innocent Men|website=News18|date=26 May 2019 |access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> Twitter users were posting under the hashtag, claiming that these types of accusations cause suicide.<ref name=":4" />

=== Bengaluru ===
In late 2018, amidst the [[MeToo movement|#MeToo movement]], Bengaluru based NGO CRISP had carried out protest in the city for demanding justice for the victims who have faced the consequences due to false cases registered under IPC section 498A, in addition to the ordeal of children who are raised by single parents following a separation.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Mumbai ===
Number of people from various fields, including actors and various men's right activists participated in the peaceful [[Dharna]] organised at [[Azad Maidan]], Mumbai on 15 June 2019 to support #MenToo movement.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> Karan Oberoi and Pooja Bedi also participated in the protest.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/karan-oberoi-pooja-bedi-attend-men-too-dharna|title=Karan Oberoi, Pooja Bedi Participate in #MenToo Protest|date=2019-06-15|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mentoo-karan-oberoi-among-several-joins-dharna-at-azad-maidan/21159187|title=#MenToo: Karan Oberoi among several joins dharna at Azad Maidan|date=2019-06-16|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/karan-oberoi-pooja-bedi-and-activists-participate-in-the-mentoo-movement-dharna/articleshow/69799066.cms|title=Karan Oberoi, Pooja Bedi and activists participate in the #MenToo movement dharna in Mumbai - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=15 June 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref>

== Views ==
Men Too movement has been applauded by men's rights activists. Prominent men's rights activists like KD Jha, [[Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj]], Barkha Trehan etc. have argued that gender discrimination faced by men needs more attention.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|title='#MenToo is as important as #MeToo' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mentoo-is-as-important-as-metoo/articleshow/69296342.cms|access-date=2019-07-30|website=The Times of India|date=13 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Actress [[Tanushree Dutta]], who had pioneered #MeToo movement India, called #MenToo movement ridiculous. She further said,<blockquote>"You know, I can't help but laugh when I hear such ridiculous things such as #mentoo and it makes me angry that women in positions of public domain and influence will still stoop to massage the male ego to find their acceptance."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/150519/mentoo-is-ridiculous-tanushree-dutta.html|title=#MenToo is ridiculous: Tanushree Dutta|last=jha|first=subhash k|date=2019-05-16|website=The Asian Age|access-date=2019-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/tanushree-dutta-discredits-mentoo-movement20190521160038/|title=Tanushree Dutta discredits #MenToo movement|website=www.aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2019-07-30}}</ref></blockquote>

== See also ==
* ''[[Depp v. Heard]]''
* [[False accusation of rape]]
* [[Hashtag activism]]
* [[Men's rights movement in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Weinstein effect}}

[[Category:Internet activism]]
[[Category:2019 in Internet culture]]
[[Category:Violence against men in India]]
[[Category:False allegations of sex crimes]]
[[Category:MeToo movement]]

Victoria Public Hall

2026-01-08T04:46:30Z

Akash Arora: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{Short description|Building in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Victoria Public Hall
| native_name = Town Hall
| image = Victoria Public Hall, Chennai.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| caption = The Victoria Public Hall
| alternate_names =
| location = [[Poonamallee High Road]], [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| address = [[Park Town, Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] 600 003
| coordinates =
| highest_prev =
| highest_next =
| start_date = 1886
| completion_date = 1888–1890
| inauguration_date = 1888–1890
| building_type = Public building
| antenna_spire =
| roof =
| top_floor =
| floor_count = 3
| elevator_count =
| architectural_style= [[Indo-Saracenic]]
| cost = {{INR}} 16,425
| floor_area = {{convert|25883|sqft|m2|-3|abbr=on}}
| architect = [[Robert Fellowes Chisholm]]
| structural_engineer= [[Namperumal Chetty]]
| main_contractor =
| developer =
| owner = Corporation of Chennai
| management = Victoria Public Hall Trust
| references = }}

{{coord|13.08192|80.2726|display=title}}
[[File:Victoria Public Hall panorama.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Victoria Public Hall]]

'''Victoria Public Hall''', or the '''Town Hall''', is a historical building in [[Chennai]], named after [[Queen Victoria|Victoria, Empress of India]]. It is one of the finest examples of [[British architecture]] in Chennai and was built to commemorate the [[Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| title = Victoria Public Hall - Chennai, South India
| publisher = Indian Columbus
| date = 14 February 2011
| url = https://indiancolumbus.blogspot.com/2011/02/victoria-public-hall-chennai-south.html
| doi =
| access-date = 30 Oct 2011}}</ref> In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was used as a theater and a place for public gatherings. The South Indian Athletic Association Club now resides there.

==History==
In a meeting held in March 1882 at the Pachaiyappa's Hall in [[George Town, Chennai|George Town]] by some leading citizens, the decision to construct a town hall for Madras was taken. This resulted in the mobilisation of a sum of {{INR}} 16,425 from around 30 persons who attended the meeting, and a 12-member trust was formed for the execution of the project. The [[Corporation of Chennai|municipal corporation]] leased a 57-ground (3.14 acres) site in the People's Park to the Victoria Public Hall Trust for 99 years effective from 1 April 1886 at a lease rent of eight [[Anna (monetary subunit)|annas]] a ground or {{INR}} 28 for the property. The then Maharajah of Vizianagaram, Sir Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, who laid the foundation stone for the new building on 17 December 1883, also led a list of 35 donors for the construction work with a contribution of {{INR}} 10,000. The list included the [[Travancore]] Maharajah ({{INR}} 8,000), [[Mysore]] Maharajah, [[Pudukottai]] Rajah and former [[Madras High Court]] Judge Muthuswamy Iyer (all {{INR}} 1,000 each) and P.Orr and Sons, a city-based watch company ({{INR}} 1,400). Other contributors included Ramnad Raja Bhaskara Setupati, Zamindar of Ettiapuram and Hadji Abdul Batcha Sahib.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Inauguration of Victoria Public Hall delayed
| newspaper = Express Buzz
| date = 18 July 2011
| url = http://expressbuzz.com/cities/chennai/inauguration-of-victoria-public-hall-delayed/295108.html
| access-date = 30 October 2011
}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It took about five years to complete the construction.<ref name="ToBeOpenedInJune2012"/>

The hall, an example of [[Indo-Saracenic architecture]], was designed by [[Robert Fellowes Chisholm]] (1840–1915) in the [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Romanesque style]] and was built by [[Namperumal Chetty]] between 1888 and 1890. It was opened to the public by [[Lord Connemara]] in 1887, all three being [[Freemasonry|freemasons]], a Masonic Ball was held at the place for installation of [[Lord Connemara]] as Grand Master of [[District Grand Lodge of Madras]].

Another version suggests that [[Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff|Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff]], the governor of Madras during 1886–1890, declared open the hall. In January 1888, a citizens' meeting decided to name the hall after [[Queen Victoria]]. The then Municipal Corporation President Sir A.T. Arundale took the initiative.<ref name="HallToGetNewLife">{{cite news
| last = Ramakrishnan
| first = T.
| title = Victoria Public Hall likely to get new life
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 18 July 2006
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/18/stories/2006071803400200.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071220090417/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/18/stories/2006071803400200.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 20 December 2007
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 29 Oct 2011}}</ref>

The hall soon become a venue of important public and social events. Several eminent personalities, including [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Swami Vivekananda]], have visited the hall. National leaders like Swami Vivekananda, [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]], and [[Sardar Vallabhai Patel]] have addressed meetings in the hall. The pioneers of Tamil play, such as Sankaradoss Swamigal and Pammal Sambanda Mudaliar, have staged their plays at the hall.

The Suguna Vilasa Sabha (SVS), founded in 1891, was most closely associated with the hall. It conducted the first evening drama shows in Madras. In October 1906, the play ''Kaadalar Kangal'' was staged at the hall. For the next 30 years, the Sabha remained at the hall and later, built its own theatre on acquisition of 36 grounds next to Christ Church on [[Anna Salai]] and now functions only as a social club.<ref name="ToBeOpenedInJune2012"/>

The [[Justice Party (India)| Justice Party]] was established on 20 November 1916 in the hall and it is seen as the start of the [[Dravidian Movement]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/100-years-justice-party-movement-which-defined-tamil-nadu-politics-53163 | title=100 years of Justice Party, a movement which defined Tamil Nadu politics | publisher=The NewsMinute | date=20 November 2016 | accessdate=13 September 2021 | author=Kavitha Muralidharan}}</ref><ref name="FishmanGarcia2010">{{cite book|author1=Joshua Fishman|author2=Ofelia Garcia|title=Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity:The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2): The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OBoSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA230|access-date=7 July 2016|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-539245-6|pages=230–}}</ref>

It was there that the first cinema show was held in Chennai. T. Stevenson, proprietor of the Madras Photographic Store, ran some shows that consisted of ten short films.<ref name="ToBeOpenedInJune2012">{{cite news
| last = Ramakrishnan
| first = Deepa H.
| title = Refurbished Victoria Public Hall likely to be thrown open in June
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 29 January 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article2840572.ece
| access-date = 31 January 2012}}</ref>

As the city grew southward and the medium of cinema acquired greater popularity, the building gradually went out of public attention. The lease expired in 1985 and a legal battle ensued as the Corporation did not want to extend the lease. With a compromise being reached in the matter, a petition to that effect was submitted in the court and decision was taken to take action against sub-leases.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Ramakrishnan
| first = Deepa H.
| title = Corporation takes over Victoria Public Hall
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 12 April 2009
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/12/stories/2009041259370400.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090415152813/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/12/stories/2009041259370400.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 15 April 2009
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 30 October 2011}}</ref> The land of the hall was occupied by several organisations before the 2010 renovation. The [[Andhra Mahila Sabha]] was functioning from a building behind the hall. The building occupied 5.25 grounds of land belonging to Victoria Public Hall. The building was demolished as part of the 2010 renovation.<ref name="2010RepairWorksBegin"/> Hotel Picnic, a private hotel, had acquired 13 grounds from the Victoria Public Hall Trust through a sub-lease that expired on 30 April 1985. The hotel has been paying a monthly rent of {{INR}} 4,000 to the corporation. In 2010, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ordered the hotel to hand over the land to the [[Corporation of Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = HC clears takeover of Hotel Picnic
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = InfoMagic.com
| date = 16 September 2011
| url = http://www.infomagic.com/news/news_details.aspx?newsid=3569&title=HC-clears-takeover-of-Hotel-Picnic
| access-date = 30 Oct 2011
| archive-date = 11 October 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011123858/http://www.infomagic.com/news/news_details.aspx?newsid=3569&title=HC-clears-takeover-of-Hotel-Picnic
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last = TNN
| first =
| title = Long legal dispute ends, corpn takes over hotel
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 29 October 2011
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-29/chennai/30336367_1_legal-battle-ripon-buildings-metro-station
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130126055038/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-29/chennai/30336367_1_legal-battle-ripon-buildings-metro-station
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 26 January 2013
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 29 Oct 2011}}</ref> About 32 shops that had encroached upon the land belonging to the hall were also removed as part of the renovation.<ref name="2010RepairWorksBegin"/>

==The building==
The building is located on EVR Periyar Salai near [[Moore Market]] and between [[Ripon Building]] and [[Chennai Central|Chennai Central Railway Station]]. Constructed with red brick and painted with lime mortar, the rectangular building has an [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] tower capped by a [[Travancore]]-style roof. The ground floor of the building has a built-up area of 13,342 sq ft and the first floor has a built-up area of 12,541 sq ft. The two large halls in the ground and the first floors were built to accommodate 600 persons each, while a wooden gallery in the eastern end has seating arrangement for more than 200 persons. The structure consists of arcaded verandahs along the northern and southern sides in the hall on the first floor supported on sleek Corinthian stone columns,<ref name="ToBeOpenedInJune2012"/> a square tower that is three storeys high, and a carved pyramidal roof. There is also an intricately carved [[terracotta]] cornice, which resembles [[Islamic calligraphy]], atop the tower.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Mariappan
| first = Julie
| title = Victoria gets a facelift
| location = Chennai
| date = 19 April 2011
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-19/chennai/29446609_1_roofing-structural-engineers-floors
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120603130940/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-19/chennai/29446609_1_roofing-structural-engineers-floors
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 3 June 2012
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 30 Oct 2011}}</ref> The hall has four staircases, of which three lead to the hall on the first floor and one to the balcony, and four turrets.<ref name="2010RepairWorksBegin">{{cite news
| last = Ramakrishnan
| first = Deepa H.
| title = Victoria Public Hall repair works to begin tomorrow
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 17 January 2010
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/17/stories/2010011759710300.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100125220321/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/17/stories/2010011759710300.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 25 January 2010
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 30 Oct 2011}}</ref>

The Trevelyan Fountain, a memorial fountain in the grounds of the hall, was raised to mark the contribution of [[Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet|Charles Trevelyan]], Governor of Madras during 1859-1860 and the developer of the People's Park, towards providing the city with adequate drinking water. On one side of the fountain is a [[bas relief]] of Trevelyan's head.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Muthiah
| first = S.
| title = Madras miscellany
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 25 September 2011
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2481998.ece
| access-date = 30 Oct 2011}}</ref>

==Renovation==
Renovation work of the hall was first carried out in October 1967 and the then Chief Minister [[C.N.Annadurai]] dedicated it for public use. After a few years, the building remained closed for over 40 years. In early 1990s, Suresh Krishna, the then Sheriff of Madras, took some efforts in salvaging a part of the building, and restored the Trevelyan Fountain. The former Maharashtra Governor C. Subramaniam rededicated the building in December 1993.<ref name="HallToGetNewLife"/>

The [[Corporation of Chennai]] started renovating the hall in April 2009 at a cost of {{INR}} 39.6 million under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.<ref name="Victoria1"/> The restoration work included replacement of damaged roof and work on the wooden flooring and staircase. The roofing is complete with [[teak wood]], while Mangalore tiles embellish the building. The dilapidated cuddapah stones were replaced with semi-polished stones.
[[File:Victoria Public Hall renovation aerial view.jpg|alt=Victoria Public Hall renovation in 2025 aerial view|thumb|Victoria Public Hall renovation in 2025 aerial view]]
Once the work is finished, sound and light show would be conducted on the ground floor. The first floor would be used to conduct cultural programmes. The hall would have a seating capacity of 600 persons.<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Victoria Public Hall restoration to be completed by June
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 3 May 2011
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article1986368.ece
| access-date = 29 Oct 2011}}</ref> The work has been completed.<ref name="ToBeOpenedInJune2012"/><ref>{{cite news
| title = Victoria Hall spruce-up to be over by Aug
| location = Chennai
| date = 14 July 2011
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-14/chennai/29772424_1_victoria-public-hall-restoration-floor
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120910202856/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-14/chennai/29772424_1_victoria-public-hall-restoration-floor
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 10 September 2012
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 16 Jul 2011}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Architecture of Chennai]]
* [[Heritage structures in Chennai]]

==References==
{{commons category|Victoria Public Hall, Chennai}}
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="Victoria1">
{{cite news
| last = Lakshmi
| first = K.
| title = Consultant to be decided soon
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 4 November 2010
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article867118.ece
| access-date = 29 Oct 2011}}
</ref>

}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:1890 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Chennai]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1890]]
[[Category:City and town halls in India]]
[[Category:Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture]]
[[Category:Heritage sites in Chennai]]
[[Category:Italianate architecture in India]]
[[Category:Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria]]

Pooja Pawar

2026-01-07T21:53:08Z

Akash Arora: put up new entry v1

{{BLP sources|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pooja Pawar
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1987 – 1999 2014 – present
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
}}
'''Pooja Pawar''' is an Indian actress in Marathi cinema and television.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2020 |title=Veteran Marathi actress Pooja Pawar to play a negative role in Karbhari Laybhari |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/veteran-marathi-actress-pooja-pawar-to-play-a-negative-role-in-karbhari-laybhari/articleshow/79018029.cms |access-date=5 June 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She appeared in Marathi cinema during the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Varsha Usgaonkar to Jyoti Chandekar: Veteran Marathi film actresses who continue to shine in pivotal roles in TV shows |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/varsha-usgaonkar-to-jyoti-chandekar-veteran-marathi-film-actresses-who-continue-to-shine-in-pivotal-roles-in-tv-shows/photostory/100073660.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 June 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Born in [[Kolhapur]], Pooja Pawar made her acting debut at the age of 16 with [[Sarja (film)|''Sarja'']] (1987), which went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi]]. She is known for films such as ''Chikat Navra'' (1994), ''[[Ek Hota Vidushak]]'' (1992), ''[[Zapatlela]]'' (1993),<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2019 |title=‘झपाटलेला’ चित्रपटातील लक्ष्याची ऑनस्क्रीन प्रेयसी आता कशी दिसते? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/zapatlela-movie-actress-pooja-pawar-salunke-now-looks-beautiful-avb-95-2004510/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> ''Vishwavinayak'' (1994), and ''Topi Var Topi'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=27 March 2021 |title=अजिंक्य देव-लक्ष्मीकांत बेर्डेंची हिरोईन ते काकीसाहेब, पूजा पवार यांची कारकीर्द 'लय भारी' |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/veteran-marathi-actress-pooja-pawar-salunkhe-plays-kaki-saheb-in-karbhari-laybhari-zee-marathi-serial-426178.html |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> ''[[Zapatlela]]'' (1993) remains among the most popular films in Marathi cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2023 |title=Zapatlela @30: ‘झपाटलेला’ चित्रपटातील लक्ष्याची ऑनस्क्रीन प्रेयसी आता कशी दिसते? पाहा फोटो |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/30-years-of-marathi-movie-zapatlela-actress-pooja-pawar-salunke-latest-pics-a-a590/ |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> She then took a break from acting after her marriage and returned to television.

== Filmography ==
===Movies===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1987
|[[Sarja (film)|''Sarja'']]
|Kastura
|Debut
|
|-
| Rowspan="2"|1989
|''Utawala Navra''
|Shanta
|
|
|-
|''Rajane Wajavila Baja''
|Mogra
|
|
|-
| Rowspan="2" |1992
|''[[Ek Hota Vidushak]]''
|Subhadra
|
|
|-
|''Anuradha''
|Seema
|
|
|-
|1993
|''[[Zapatlela]]''
|[[Zapatlela (film series)#Aavdi|Aavdi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2022 |title=तुम्हाला माहितीय का लक्ष्मीकांत बेर्डेंचा 'झपाटलेला' चित्रपट आहे या हॉलिवूडपटाचा रिमेक?, जाणून घ्या याबद्दल |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/do-you-know-why-laxmikant-berdens-zhapatlela-is-a-remake-of-this-hollywood-movie-a603/ |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Rowspan="5"|1994
|''Chikat Navra''
|Jayu
|
|
|-
|''[[Majha Chakula]]''
|Maina
|
|
|-
|''Sonyachi Mumbai''
|
|
|
|-
|''Zadpi Lido''
|Aarti
|
|
|-
|''Vishwavinayak''
|Uma
|
|
|-
| Rowspan="2"|1995
|''Painjan''
|Laila
|
|
|-
|''Topi Var Topi''
|Sheela
|
|
|-
|1999
|''Rang Premacha''
|Baby
|
|
|-
|2014
|''Headline''
|
|
|
|-
|2015
|''Dhangarwada''
|
|
|
|-
|2017
|''Dhondi''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2017 |title=Vinay Apte's last film to hit the theatres soon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/vinay-aptes-last-film-to-hit-the-theatres-soon/articleshow/58775820.cms |access-date=3 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| Rowspan="2"|2019
|''Ashi Hi Aashiqui''
|Amarja's Mother
|
|
|-
|''Purushottam''
|
|
|
|-
|2022
|''Flicker''
|Jyoti Sawant
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
!Ref.
|-
|2014
|''[[Asmita (TV series)|Asmita]]''
|Asha Prabhakar Agnihotri
|[[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Baapmanus]]''
|Aaisaheb Zunjarrao
|[[Zee Yuva]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2017 |title=झी युवावर येतोय प्रत्येकाच्या मनातला 'बापमाणूस' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/zee-yuva%E2%80%99s-upcoming-show-baapmanus/399034 |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Zee 24 Taas |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2019-2020
|''[[Aai Kuthe Kay Karte]]''
|Reshma Polekar
|[[Star Pravah]]
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Alti Palti Sumdit Kalti]]''
|
|[[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
|2020-2021
|''[[Karbhari Laybhari]]''
|Kanchan Suryavanshi
|[[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
|2023–2024
|''Kavyanjali - Sakhi Savali''
|Meenakshi Prabhudesai
|[[Colors Marathi]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 May 2023 |title=New Marathi TV show Kavyanjali is all set to launch soon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/new-marathi-tv-show-kavyanjali-is-all-set-to-launch-soon/articleshow/99939418.cms |access-date=3 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|3407985}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pawar, Pooja}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Mankachar Assembly constituency (1978-2023)

2025-12-12T08:05:05Z

Akash Arora: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Birsing Jarua Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
{{R from old name}}
}}

Vempadu, Eluru district

2025-12-06T07:15:08Z

Akash Arora: new new place from scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vempadu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = telugu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.5323|N|81.4821|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - West Godavari|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2815_PART_B_DCHB_WEST%20GODAVARI.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=12 January 2015|page=14,272|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2277
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=628641|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 534 206
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Vempadu''' is a village in [[Eluru district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[kalla mandal]] of [[Eluru revenue division]].<ref>{{cite web |title=District Level Mandal wise List of Villages in Andhra Pradesh. It has famous temple Sri Vegulama ammavaru. |url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/westgodavari.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=19 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214094218/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/westgodavari.pdf|archivedate=14 December 2014|page=10|format=PDF}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Vempadu had a population of 2277. The total population constitute, 1140 males and 1137 females with a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males. 270 children are in the age group of 0–6 years with sex ratio of 1045. The average literacy rate stands at 63.58%.<ref name=population/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Eluru district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Peshrar

2025-12-04T21:40:15Z

Akash Arora: put up a page and citations

{{Short description|Village of Lohardaga district with police station and headquarters of CD block}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Peshrar
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.5704|N|84.5557|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1308
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages *
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835302
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 06526
| registration_plate = JH 08
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 49.07%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Loharadaga]]
| website = {{URL|lohardaga.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Peshrar''' is a village in the [[Peshrar block|Peshrar]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the Lohardaga Sadar subdivision of the [[Lohardaga district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=320| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|28|0|N|84|42|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Lohadaga district in South Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, R: rural/ urban centre, B: Bauxite mining centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|23|21|45|N|84|47|55|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Bhandra| numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Bhandra, Lohardaga]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|27|6|N|84|49|39|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Kairo| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Kairo, Lohardaga]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|31|6|N|84|39|56|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Kisko| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Kisko, Lohardaga]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|32|39|N|84|49|9|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Kuru| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Kuru, Lohardaga]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|33|37|N|84|33|20|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Peshrar| numbered5=R| mark-title5= Peshrar (R)|shape-color5=black| label-size5=13|label-color5=black 
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|23|12|N|84|39|5|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Senha| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Senha]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|26|24|N|84|40|48|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7=Lohardaga| numbered7=M| mark-title7= [[Lohardaga]] (M) |label-color7=#800000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|28|24|N|84|37|27|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Bagru | numbered8=B| mark-title8=[[Bagru, Lohardaga]] (B) |shape-color8= #A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|27|5|N|84|36|40|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Hisri | numbered9=B| mark-title9=[[Hisri]] (B) |shape-color9= #A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|34|12|N|84|36|56|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Pakhar | numbered10=B| mark-title10=[[Pakhar, Lohardaga]] (B) |shape-color10= #A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|26|40|N|84|46|0|E}} |label11= South Koel |labela11= River |label-color11 = #77A1CB| label-angle11= -5| label-pos11=top| label-size11=10| mark-size11=0| mark-title11 =none}}

===Location===
Peshrar is located at {{coord|23.5704|N|84.5557|E|display=inline}}

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows an undulating plateau area with the hilly tract in the west and north-west. Three [[Bauxite mining]] centres are marked. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with 87.6% of the population living in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 9: Physical features, Page 22: Census findings |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 23 October 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==

===Police station===
There is a police station at Peshrar.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/lohardaga| title = District Police Profile - Lohardaga| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 22 October 2021| archive-date = 25 October 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211025193818/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/lohardaga| url-status = dead}}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Peshrar CD block are located at Peshrar village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Lohardaga district on the third page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Pesrar had a total population of 1,308, of which 693 (53%) were males and 615 (47%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 289. The total number of literate persons in Pesrar was 500 (49.07% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2011_PART_B_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 362941, page 62-63|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref>

(*For language details see [[Peshrar block#Language and religion]])

==Education==
Middle School Peshrar is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 2003. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class VIII.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/lohardaga/20150702004/upg-ms-peshrar.html| title = UPG MS Peshrar| publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref>

Project High School Mungo is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1981. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class X.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/lohardaga/20150705001/project-hs-mungo.html| title = Project HS Mungo| publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Lohardaga district]]

Rajani (TV series)

2025-11-25T07:11:47Z

Akash Arora: put up new post first draft.

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Rajani TV series poster.jpg
| caption =
| genre =
| creator =
| director = [[Basu Chatterjee]]
| producer =
| opentheme =
| writer = Mannu Bhandari
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 26<ref>{{Cite web|title=How the late Priya Tendulkar took the nation by storm in Rajani| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/how-the-late-priya-tendulkar-took-the-nation-by-storm-in-rajani/story-WqShbUx0UTEEAvQbrasy6K.html| date=January 21, 2016| author=Kavita Awaasthi| website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
| camera = [[Single camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| channel = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{start date|1985}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Rajani''''' is an Indian television series which aired on [[Doordarshan]] directed by [[Basu Chatterjee]]. It had [[Priya Tendulkar]] in lead role.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 Sep 2002|first=Yogesh|last=Pawar|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/19priya2.htm|title=Priya Rajni Tendulkar passes away|work=Rediff|location=Mumbai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021004003121/http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/19priya2.htm|archive-date=4 October 2002|url-status=dead}}</ref> It became immensely popular for creating awareness among lax government offices and officials.<ref>{{cite web|first=Bhuvan|last=Bagga|date=January 27, 2013|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/rajani-priya-tendulkar-consumer-affairs-minstry-consumer-awareness-152613-2013-01-26|title=Exclusive:Consumer Affairs Ministry plans to make serial on 80s show Rajani to create consumer awareness|publisher=India Today}}</ref> [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Subhash Ghai]] had cameo appearances in two episodes.<ref name="legend">{{Cite web|date=2020-06-04|title=RIP Legend: Byomkesh Bakshi to Rajani, TV shows directed by Basu Chatterjee|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/entertainment-basu-chatterjee-death-byomkesh-bakshi-rajani-doordarshan-tv-shows-director-623350|access-date=2021-03-27|website=India TV News}}</ref> It was written by [[Karan Razdan]]<ref name="HT-Awasthi-Storm-2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-21|first=Kavita|last=Awaasthi|title=How the late Priya Tendulkar took the nation by storm in Rajani|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/how-the-late-priya-tendulkar-took-the-nation-by-storm-in-rajani/story-WqShbUx0UTEEAvQbrasy6K.html|access-date=2021-03-27|website=Hindustan Times|location=Mumbai}}</ref> and Anil Chaudhary,{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} with the title track being sung by [[Asha Bhosle]].<ref name="HT-Awasthi-Storm-2016" />

==Premise==
Rajani fights government laxity in every episode. It tried to reflect the mid-1980s state of services at government offices. Public utilities that were criticised in the series included electricians, postmen, telephone wiremen, and the gas cylinder agency with its delivery boys.<ref name="Scroll-Mahadevan-Firebrand-2020" />

==Cast==
* [[Priya Tendulkar]] as Rajani
* [[Karan Razdan]] as Rajani's husband
* [[Amar Upadhyay]] as Sahil
* [[Sheela Sharma]] as Shobhna
* [[Prashant Narayanan]]
* [[Rajeev Paul]] as Rakesh
* [[Vikram Gokhale]] as Commissioner
* [[Sayaji Shinde]]
* [[Shahrukh Khan]] and [[Subhash Ghai]] (guest appearances<ref name="legend"/>)
* [[Aruna Sangal]] as Sheela

==Production==
===Development===
''Rajani'' was developed by Basu Chatterjee after taking inspiration from the American TV series ''[[Here's Lucy]]'', which featured a housewife who stumbled to overcome problems, most of which were caused by her own actions. The pilot episode was shot in 1984 with veteran movie actress [[Padmini Kolhapure]], who later quit the series. After deciding upon Priya Tendulkar as the lead, Chatterjee modified the premise, making the title character a social activist who fought against the injustice in the system. Due to a small budget leading to unavailability of sets to shoot in, the series was shot at screenwriter Ranjan Bose's apartment. This had the added effect of lending the series a middle class and lived-in feeling.<ref name="Scroll-Mahadevan-Firebrand-2020">{{Cite web|last=Mahadevan|first=Ananth|date=Jun 7, 2020|title=How Basu Chatterjee created the TV show 'Rajani', starring Priya Tendulkar as a firebrand activist|url=https://scroll.in/reel/963950/how-basu-chatterjee-created-the-tv-show-rajani-starring-priya-tendulkar-as-a-firebrand-activist|access-date=2021-03-26|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref> While [[Asha Bhosle]] sang the title track, [[Karan Razdan]] was chosen as the writer. The team was asked to stop production after 42 weeks and the completion of 13 episodes. Razdan and Tendulkar fell in love over the course of the production of the series.<ref name="HT-Awasthi-Storm-2016" />

===Casting===
Padmini Kolhapure was initially chosen to play the role of Rajani and even starred in the pilot episode. However, she later quit when faced with the "horror of an episode a week", because it meant "too much time and work". [[Moushumi Chatterjee]] and [[Amrita Singh]] were considered as replacements to fit into the image of the vivacious Lucy. Basu Chatterjee then ran into Priya Tendulkar at a party, and decided to modify the premise of the series to make the title character more suited to Tendulkar's strong demeanour.<ref name="Scroll-Mahadevan-Firebrand-2020" /> Karan Razdan, the writer of the show, played the role of Rajani's husband.<ref name="HT-Awasthi-Storm-2016" />

==Reception==
The series very well received by the public, who could instantly connect with the issues discussed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chandna|first=Himani|date=2019-06-30|title=Doordarshan's Rajani fought power & corruption, showed Indian women all battles can be won|url=https://theprint.in/features/brandma/doordarshans-rajani-fought-power-corruption-showed-indian-women-all-battles-can-be-won/256152/|access-date=2021-03-27|website=ThePrint}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' published a full-page "Letters to the Editor" segment dedicated to all the praise that the series received. Priya Tendulkar was launched into popularity and won roles in series such as ''Anji'', based on her father [[Vijay Tendulkar]]'s play, and many advertisements. Basu Chatterjee, too, became popular, and managed two of the advertisements Tendulkar starred in. He was also given the opportunity to have another series, ''Darpan'', on Doordarshan airing on the prime Sunday morning slot, back-to-back with ''Rajani''.<ref name="Scroll-Mahadevan-Firebrand-2020" /> One TV rating chart in Bombay showed a viewership of about 94 per cent for the programme in July 1985.<ref name="IndiaToday-Sethi-Movement-1985">{{Cite magazine|date=August 31, 1985|first=Sunil|last=Sethi|title=Basu Chatterji's Rajani on Doordarshan becomes a movement|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19850831-basu-chatterjis-rajani-on-doordarshan-becomes-a-movement-801935-2014-01-03|access-date=2021-03-27|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

However, the tackling of fictional issues in existing public departments led the Bombay-based All India LPG Distributors Federation and 500 taxi drivers to protest outside the Doordarshan office, in two separate incidents. The latter incident led to taxi drivers' business dropping by 10 per cent and was even commemorated by the [[Amul girl]] hoardings, featuring a butter-licking Rajani and a fleeing taxi with the query, "What's yellow on top and all for Rajani?".<ref name="IndiaToday-Sethi-Movement-1985" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|date=1985-12-08|title='Rajani,' TV'S Star of India|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/12/08/rajani-tvs-star-of-india/5a73eb35-d09b-4137-9c29-5046a4d06889/|access-date=2021-03-27|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0157241}}

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:1984 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:1980s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Indian political television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]

Chintalapudi

2025-11-20T17:00:28Z

Akash Arora: created the info basic info

'''Chintalapudi''' may refer to the following in Andhra Pradesh, India:

*[[Chintalapudi, Duggirala mandal]], a village in Duggirala mandal, Guntur district
*[[Chintalapudi, Eluru district]], a village formerly in West Godavari district
* [[Chintalapudi, Chandarlapadu]]
*[[Chintalapudi mandal]]
*[[Chintalapudi (SC) (Assembly constituency)]]

{{dab|geo}}